diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ccff052
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Eclipse project
+**/.classpath
+**/.project
+
+# IntelliJ project
+**/.idea
+**/*.iml
+**/*.ipr
diff --git a/OWNERS b/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07a775e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+set noparent
+file:platform/packages/modules/Connectivity:master:/OWNERS_core_networking
+
+per-file **IpSec* = file:platform/frameworks/base:master:/services/core/java/com/android/server/vcn/OWNERS
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/OWNERS_core_networking b/OWNERS_core_networking
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc1d002
--- /dev/null
+++ b/OWNERS_core_networking
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+chenbruce@google.com
+chiachangwang@google.com
+cken@google.com
+huangaaron@google.com
+jchalard@google.com
+junyulai@google.com
+lifr@google.com
+lorenzo@google.com
+lucaslin@google.com
+markchien@google.com
+martinwu@google.com
+maze@google.com
+nuccachen@google.com
+paulhu@google.com
+prohr@google.com
+reminv@google.com
+satk@google.com
+waynema@google.com
+xiaom@google.com
+yumike@google.com
diff --git a/OWNERS_core_networking_xts b/OWNERS_core_networking_xts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a6627fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/OWNERS_core_networking_xts
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+lorenzo@google.com
+satk@google.com
diff --git a/PREUPLOAD.cfg b/PREUPLOAD.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83619d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/PREUPLOAD.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+[Hook Scripts]
+checkstyle_hook = ${REPO_ROOT}/prebuilts/checkstyle/checkstyle.py --sha ${PREUPLOAD_COMMIT}
+
+ktlint_hook = ${REPO_ROOT}/prebuilts/ktlint/ktlint.py -f ${PREUPLOAD_FILES}
+
+hidden_api_txt_checksorted_hook = ${REPO_ROOT}/tools/platform-compat/hiddenapi/checksorted_sha.sh ${PREUPLOAD_COMMIT} ${REPO_ROOT}
diff --git a/TEST_MAPPING b/TEST_MAPPING
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a5b97a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+{
+  "presubmit": [
+    {
+      "name": "ConnectivityCoverageTests"
+    },
+    // Run in addition to mainline-presubmit as mainline-presubmit is not
+    // supported in every branch.
+    // CtsNetTestCasesLatestSdk uses stable API shims, so does not exercise
+    // some latest APIs. Run CtsNetTestCases to get coverage of newer APIs.
+    {
+      "name": "CtsNetTestCases",
+      "options": [
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "com.android.testutils.SkipPresubmit"
+        },
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "androidx.test.filters.RequiresDevice"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "bpf_existence_test"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "netd_updatable_unit_test"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "TetheringTests"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "TetheringIntegrationTests"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "traffic_controller_unit_test"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "libnetworkstats_test"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "FrameworksNetIntegrationTests"
+    }
+  ],
+  "postsubmit": [
+    {
+      "name": "TetheringPrivilegedTests"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "netd_updatable_unit_test",
+      "keywords": ["netd-device-kernel-4.9", "netd-device-kernel-4.14"]
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "libclat_test"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "traffic_controller_unit_test",
+      "keywords": ["netd-device-kernel-4.9", "netd-device-kernel-4.14"]
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "libnetworkstats_test"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "FrameworksNetDeflakeTest"
+    }
+  ],
+  "mainline-presubmit": [
+    {
+      "name": "CtsNetTestCasesLatestSdk[CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex]",
+      "options": [
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "com.android.testutils.SkipPresubmit"
+        },
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "androidx.test.filters.RequiresDevice"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "bpf_existence_test[CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex]"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "netd_updatable_unit_test[CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex]"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "ConnectivityCoverageTests[CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex]"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "traffic_controller_unit_test[CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex]"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "libnetworkstats_test[CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex]"
+    }
+  ],
+  "mainline-postsubmit": [
+    // Tests on physical devices with SIM cards: postsubmit only for capacity constraints
+    {
+      "name": "CtsNetTestCasesLatestSdk[CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex]",
+      "keywords": ["sim"]
+    },
+    // TODO: move to mainline-presubmit when known green.
+    // Test with APK modules only, in cases where APEX is not supported, or the other modules were simply not updated
+    {
+      "name": "CtsNetTestCasesLatestSdk[CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk]",
+      "options": [
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "com.android.testutils.SkipPresubmit"
+        },
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "androidx.test.filters.RequiresDevice"
+        },
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    // TODO: move to mainline-presubmit when known green.
+    // Test with connectivity/tethering module only, to catch integration issues with older versions of other modules.
+    // "new tethering + old NetworkStack" is not a configuration that should really exist in the field, but
+    // there is no strong guarantee, and it is required by MTS testing for module qualification, where modules
+    // are tested independently.
+    {
+      "name": "CtsNetTestCasesLatestSdk[com.google.android.tethering.apex]",
+      "options": [
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "com.android.testutils.SkipPresubmit"
+        },
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "androidx.test.filters.RequiresDevice"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "TetheringCoverageTests[CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex]"
+    }
+  ],
+  "auto-postsubmit": [
+    // Test tag for automotive targets. These are only running in postsubmit so as to harden the
+    // automotive targets to avoid introducing additional test flake and build time. The plan for
+    // presubmit testing for auto is to augment the existing tests to cover auto use cases as well.
+    // Additionally, this tag is used in targeted test suites to limit resource usage on the test
+    // infra during the hardening phase.
+    // TODO: this tag to be removed once the above is no longer an issue.
+    {
+      "name": "FrameworksNetTests"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "FrameworksNetIntegrationTests"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "FrameworksNetDeflakeTest"
+    }
+  ],
+  "imports": [
+    {
+      "path": "frameworks/base/core/java/android/net"
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "frameworks/opt/net/ethernet"
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "packages/modules/NetworkStack"
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "packages/modules/CaptivePortalLogin"
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/Android.bp b/Tethering/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..41a0651
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+java_defaults {
+    name: "TetheringApiLevel",
+    sdk_version: "module_current",
+    target_sdk_version: "31",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+}
+
+java_defaults {
+    name: "TetheringAndroidLibraryDefaults",
+    srcs: [
+        "apishim/**/*.java",
+        "src/**/*.java",
+        ":framework-connectivity-shared-srcs",
+        ":tethering-module-utils-srcs",
+        ":services-tethering-shared-srcs",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "androidx.annotation_annotation",
+        "modules-utils-build",
+        "modules-utils-statemachine",
+        "networkstack-client",
+        "android.hardware.tetheroffload.config-V1.0-java",
+        "android.hardware.tetheroffload.control-V1.0-java",
+        "android.hardware.tetheroffload.control-V1.1-java",
+        "net-utils-framework-common",
+        "net-utils-device-common",
+        "net-utils-device-common-bpf",
+        "net-utils-device-common-netlink",
+        "netd-client",
+    ],
+    libs: [
+        "framework-connectivity",
+        "framework-connectivity-t.stubs.module_lib",
+        "framework-statsd.stubs.module_lib",
+        "framework-tethering.impl",
+        "framework-wifi",
+        "framework-bluetooth",
+        "unsupportedappusage",
+    ],
+    plugins: ["java_api_finder"],
+    manifest: "AndroidManifestBase.xml",
+    lint: { strict_updatability_linting: true },
+}
+
+// build tethering static library, used to compile both variants of the tethering.
+android_library {
+    name: "TetheringApiCurrentLib",
+    defaults: [
+        "ConnectivityNextEnableDefaults",
+        "TetheringAndroidLibraryDefaults",
+        "TetheringApiLevel"
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "NetworkStackApiCurrentShims",
+    ],
+    apex_available: ["com.android.tethering"],
+    lint: { strict_updatability_linting: true },
+}
+
+android_library {
+    name: "TetheringApiStableLib",
+    defaults: [
+        "TetheringAndroidLibraryDefaults",
+        "TetheringApiLevel"
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "NetworkStackApiStableShims",
+    ],
+    apex_available: ["com.android.tethering"],
+    lint: { strict_updatability_linting: true },
+}
+
+// Due to b/143733063, APK can't access a jni lib that is in APEX (but not in the APK).
+cc_library {
+    name: "libcom_android_networkstack_tethering_util_jni",
+    sdk_version: "30",
+    apex_available: [
+        "//apex_available:platform", // Used by InProcessTethering
+        "com.android.tethering",
+    ],
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+    header_libs: [
+        "bpf_connectivity_headers",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "jni/*.cpp",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "liblog",
+        "libnativehelper_compat_libc++",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libnet_utils_device_common_bpfjni",
+        "libnetjniutils",
+    ],
+
+    // We cannot use plain "libc++" here to link libc++ dynamically because it results in:
+    //   java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: dlopen failed: library "libc++_shared.so" not found
+    // even if "libc++" is added into jni_libs below. Adding "libc++_shared" into jni_libs doesn't
+    // build because soong complains of:
+    //   module Tethering missing dependencies: libc++_shared
+    //
+    // So, link libc++ statically. This means that we also need to ensure that all the C++ libraries
+    // we depend on do not dynamically link libc++. This is currently the case, because liblog is
+    // C-only and libnativehelper_compat_libc also uses stl: "c++_static".
+    stl: "c++_static",
+
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wno-unused-parameter",
+        "-Wthread-safety",
+    ],
+
+    ldflags: ["-Wl,--exclude-libs=ALL,-error-limit=0"],
+}
+
+// Common defaults for compiling the actual APK.
+java_defaults {
+    name: "TetheringAppDefaults",
+    privileged: true,
+    jni_libs: [
+        "libcom_android_networkstack_tethering_util_jni",
+    ],
+    resource_dirs: [
+        "res",
+    ],
+    libs: [
+        "framework-tethering",
+        "framework-wifi",
+    ],
+    jarjar_rules: "jarjar-rules.txt",
+    optimize: {
+        proguard_flags_files: ["proguard.flags"],
+    },
+    lint: { strict_updatability_linting: true },
+}
+
+// Non-updatable tethering running in the system server process for devices not using the module
+android_app {
+    name: "InProcessTethering",
+    defaults: ["TetheringAppDefaults", "TetheringApiLevel", "ConnectivityNextEnableDefaults"],
+    static_libs: ["TetheringApiCurrentLib"],
+    certificate: "platform",
+    manifest: "AndroidManifest_InProcess.xml",
+    // InProcessTethering is a replacement for Tethering
+    overrides: ["Tethering"],
+    apex_available: ["com.android.tethering"],
+    lint: { strict_updatability_linting: true },
+}
+
+// Updatable tethering packaged for finalized API
+android_app {
+    name: "Tethering",
+    defaults: ["TetheringAppDefaults", "TetheringApiLevel"],
+    static_libs: ["TetheringApiStableLib"],
+    certificate: "networkstack",
+    manifest: "AndroidManifest.xml",
+    use_embedded_native_libs: true,
+    // The permission configuration *must* be included to ensure security of the device
+    required: [
+        "NetworkPermissionConfig",
+        "privapp_allowlist_com.android.tethering",
+    ],
+    apex_available: ["com.android.tethering"],
+    lint: { strict_updatability_linting: true },
+}
+
+android_app {
+    name: "TetheringNext",
+    defaults: [
+        "TetheringAppDefaults",
+        "TetheringApiLevel",
+        "ConnectivityNextEnableDefaults",
+    ],
+    static_libs: ["TetheringApiCurrentLib"],
+    certificate: "networkstack",
+    manifest: "AndroidManifest.xml",
+    use_embedded_native_libs: true,
+    // The permission configuration *must* be included to ensure security of the device
+    required: [
+        "NetworkPermissionConfig",
+        "privapp_allowlist_com.android.tethering",
+    ],
+    apex_available: ["com.android.tethering"],
+    lint: { strict_updatability_linting: true },
+}
+
+sdk {
+    name: "tethering-module-sdk",
+    bootclasspath_fragments: ["com.android.tethering-bootclasspath-fragment"],
+    systemserverclasspath_fragments: ["com.android.tethering-systemserverclasspath-fragment"],
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/AndroidManifest.xml b/Tethering/AndroidManifest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b832e16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!--
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+-->
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+          package="com.android.networkstack.tethering"
+          android:sharedUserId="android.uid.networkstack">
+
+    <!-- Permissions must be defined here, and not in the base manifest, as the tethering
+         running in the system server process does not need any permission, and having
+         privileged permissions added would cause crashes on startup unless they are also
+         added to the privileged permissions allowlist for that package. EntitlementManager
+         would set exact alarm but declare SCHEDULE_EXACT_ALARM is not necessary here because
+         privilege application would be in the allowlist. -->
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BROADCAST_STICKY" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MANAGE_USB" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MODIFY_PHONE_STATE" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_DEVICE_CONFIG" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_NETWORK_USAGE_HISTORY" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.UPDATE_APP_OPS_STATS" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS"/>
+
+    <protected-broadcast android:name="com.android.server.connectivity.tethering.DISABLE_TETHERING" />
+
+    <application
+        android:process="com.android.networkstack.process"
+        android:extractNativeLibs="false"
+        android:persistent="true">
+        <service android:name="com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetheringService"
+                 android:permission="android.permission.MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK"
+                 android:exported="true">
+            <intent-filter>
+                <action android:name="android.net.ITetheringConnector"/>
+            </intent-filter>
+        </service>
+    </application>
+</manifest>
diff --git a/Tethering/AndroidManifestBase.xml b/Tethering/AndroidManifestBase.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..97c39888
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/AndroidManifestBase.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!--
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+-->
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+          package="com.android.networkstack.tethering"
+          android:versionCode="1"
+          android:versionName="R-initial">
+    <application
+        android:label="Tethering"
+        android:defaultToDeviceProtectedStorage="true"
+        android:directBootAware="true"
+        android:usesCleartextTraffic="true">
+    </application>
+</manifest>
diff --git a/Tethering/AndroidManifest_InProcess.xml b/Tethering/AndroidManifest_InProcess.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1f1240
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/AndroidManifest_InProcess.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!--
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+-->
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+          package="com.android.networkstack.tethering.inprocess"
+          android:sharedUserId="android.uid.system"
+          android:process="system">
+    <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="29" android:targetSdkVersion="29" />
+    <application>
+        <service android:name="com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetheringService"
+                 android:process="system"
+                 android:permission="android.permission.MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK"
+                 android:exported="true">
+            <intent-filter>
+                <action android:name="android.net.ITetheringConnector.InProcess"/>
+            </intent-filter>
+        </service>
+    </application>
+</manifest>
diff --git a/Tethering/OWNERS b/Tethering/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b42d49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+include platform/packages/modules/NetworkStack/:/OWNERS
+markchien@google.com
diff --git a/Tethering/apex/Android.bp b/Tethering/apex/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b709693
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/apex/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+// Defaults to enable/disable java targets which uses development APIs. "enabled" may have a
+// different value depending on the branch.
+java_defaults {
+    name: "ConnectivityNextEnableDefaults",
+    enabled: true,
+}
+apex_defaults {
+    name: "ConnectivityApexDefaults",
+    // Tethering app to include in the AOSP apex. Branches that disable the "next" targets may use
+    // a stable tethering app instead, but will generally override the AOSP apex to use updatable
+    // package names and keys, so that apex will be unused anyway.
+    apps: ["TetheringNext"], // Replace to "Tethering" if ConnectivityNextEnableDefaults is false.
+}
+enable_tethering_next_apex = true
+// This is a placeholder comment to avoid merge conflicts
+// as the above target may have different "enabled" values
+// depending on the branch
+
+apex {
+    name: "com.android.tethering",
+    defaults: [
+        "ConnectivityApexDefaults",
+        "r-launched-apex-module",
+    ],
+    compile_multilib: "both",
+    bootclasspath_fragments: [
+        "com.android.tethering-bootclasspath-fragment",
+    ],
+    systemserverclasspath_fragments: [
+        "com.android.tethering-systemserverclasspath-fragment",
+    ],
+    multilib: {
+        first: {
+            jni_libs: [
+                "libservice-connectivity",
+                "libandroid_net_connectivity_com_android_net_module_util_jni",
+            ],
+            native_shared_libs: ["libnetd_updatable"],
+        },
+        both: {
+            jni_libs: [
+                "libframework-connectivity-jni",
+                "libframework-connectivity-tiramisu-jni"
+            ],
+        },
+    },
+    binaries: [
+        "clatd",
+    ],
+    canned_fs_config: "canned_fs_config",
+    bpfs: [
+        "clatd.o_mainline",
+        "netd.o_mainline",
+        "dscp_policy.o",
+        "offload.o",
+        "test.o",
+    ],
+    apps: [
+        "ServiceConnectivityResources",
+        "HalfSheetUX",
+    ],
+    prebuilts: [
+        "current_sdkinfo",
+        "privapp_allowlist_com.android.tethering",
+    ],
+    manifest: "manifest.json",
+    key: "com.android.tethering.key",
+    // Indicates that pre-installed version of this apex can be compressed.
+    // Whether it actually will be compressed is controlled on per-device basis.
+    compressible: true,
+
+    androidManifest: "AndroidManifest.xml",
+}
+
+apex_key {
+    name: "com.android.tethering.key",
+    public_key: "com.android.tethering.avbpubkey",
+    private_key: "com.android.tethering.pem",
+}
+
+android_app_certificate {
+    name: "com.android.tethering.certificate",
+    certificate: "com.android.tethering",
+}
+
+// Encapsulate the contributions made by the com.android.tethering to the bootclasspath.
+bootclasspath_fragment {
+    name: "com.android.tethering-bootclasspath-fragment",
+    contents: [
+        "framework-connectivity",
+        "framework-connectivity-t",
+        "framework-tethering",
+    ],
+    apex_available: ["com.android.tethering"],
+
+    // The bootclasspath_fragments that provide APIs on which this depends.
+    fragments: [
+        {
+            apex: "com.android.art",
+            module: "art-bootclasspath-fragment",
+        },
+    ],
+
+    // Additional stubs libraries that this fragment's contents use which are
+    // not provided by another bootclasspath_fragment.
+    additional_stubs: [
+        "android-non-updatable",
+    ],
+
+    // Additional hidden API flag files to override the defaults. This must only be
+    // modified by the Soong or platform compat team.
+    hidden_api: {
+        max_target_r_low_priority: [
+            "hiddenapi/hiddenapi-max-target-r-loprio.txt",
+	],
+        max_target_o_low_priority: [
+            "hiddenapi/hiddenapi-max-target-o-low-priority.txt",
+            "hiddenapi/hiddenapi-max-target-o-low-priority-tiramisu.txt",
+	],
+        unsupported: [
+            "hiddenapi/hiddenapi-unsupported.txt",
+            "hiddenapi/hiddenapi-unsupported-tiramisu.txt",
+        ],
+    },
+}
+
+systemserverclasspath_fragment {
+    name: "com.android.tethering-systemserverclasspath-fragment",
+    standalone_contents: ["service-connectivity"],
+    apex_available: ["com.android.tethering"],
+}
+
+override_apex {
+    name: "com.android.tethering.inprocess",
+    base: "com.android.tethering",
+    package_name: "com.android.tethering.inprocess",
+    enabled: enable_tethering_next_apex,
+    apps: [
+        "ServiceConnectivityResources",
+        "InProcessTethering",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/apex/AndroidManifest.xml b/Tethering/apex/AndroidManifest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dbc8ec8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/apex/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!--
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ -->
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+  package="com.android.tethering">
+  <!-- APEX does not have classes.dex -->
+  <application android:hasCode="false" />
+</manifest>
diff --git a/Tethering/apex/canned_fs_config b/Tethering/apex/canned_fs_config
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a03347
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/apex/canned_fs_config
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+/bin/for-system 0 1000 0750
+/bin/for-system/clatd 1029 1029 06755
diff --git a/Tethering/apex/com.android.tethering.avbpubkey b/Tethering/apex/com.android.tethering.avbpubkey
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a2c017
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/apex/com.android.tethering.avbpubkey
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Tethering/apex/com.android.tethering.pem b/Tethering/apex/com.android.tethering.pem
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4f39ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/apex/com.android.tethering.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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==
+-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
diff --git a/Tethering/apex/com.android.tethering.pk8 b/Tethering/apex/com.android.tethering.pk8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b94405
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/apex/com.android.tethering.pk8
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Tethering/apex/com.android.tethering.x509.pem b/Tethering/apex/com.android.tethering.x509.pem
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1786e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/apex/com.android.tethering.x509.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/Tethering/apex/hiddenapi/OWNERS b/Tethering/apex/hiddenapi/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82b599d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/apex/hiddenapi/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# These files are only intended to be changed by platform-compat and
+# the soong teams.
+set noparent
+
+# soong-team@ as the hiddenapi files are tightly coupled with Soong
+file:platform/build/soong:/OWNERS
+
+# compat-team@ for changes to hiddenapi files
+file:tools/platform-compat:/OWNERS
diff --git a/Tethering/apex/hiddenapi/hiddenapi-max-target-o-low-priority-tiramisu.txt b/Tethering/apex/hiddenapi/hiddenapi-max-target-o-low-priority-tiramisu.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce0d69c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/apex/hiddenapi/hiddenapi-max-target-o-low-priority-tiramisu.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,517 @@
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats$Bucket;->convertDefaultNetworkStatus(I)I
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats$Bucket;->convertMetered(I)I
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats$Bucket;->convertRoaming(I)I
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats$Bucket;->convertSet(I)I
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats$Bucket;->convertState(I)I
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats$Bucket;->convertTag(I)I
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats$Bucket;->convertUid(I)I
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats$Bucket;->mBeginTimeStamp:J
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats$Bucket;->mDefaultNetworkStatus:I
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats$Bucket;->mEndTimeStamp:J
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats$Bucket;->mMetered:I
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats$Bucket;->mRoaming:I
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats$Bucket;->mRxBytes:J
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats$Bucket;->mRxPackets:J
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats$Bucket;->mState:I
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats$Bucket;->mTag:I
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats$Bucket;->mTxBytes:J
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats$Bucket;->mTxPackets:J
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats$Bucket;->mUid:I
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats;-><init>(Landroid/content/Context;Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;IJJLandroid/net/INetworkStatsService;)V
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats;->fillBucketFromSummaryEntry(Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats$Bucket;)V
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats;->getDeviceSummaryForNetwork()Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats$Bucket;
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats;->getNextHistoryBucket(Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats$Bucket;)Z
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats;->getNextSummaryBucket(Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats$Bucket;)Z
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats;->getSummaryAggregate()Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats$Bucket;
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats;->getUid()I
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats;->hasNextUid()Z
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats;->isUidEnumeration()Z
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats;->mCloseGuard:Ldalvik/system/CloseGuard;
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats;->mEndTimeStamp:J
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats;->mEnumerationIndex:I
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats;->mHistory:Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats;->mRecycledHistoryEntry:Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory$Entry;
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats;->mRecycledSummaryEntry:Landroid/net/NetworkStats$Entry;
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats;->mSession:Landroid/net/INetworkStatsSession;
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats;->mStartTimeStamp:J
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats;->mState:I
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats;->mSummary:Landroid/net/NetworkStats;
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats;->mTag:I
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats;->mTemplate:Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats;->mUidOrUidIndex:I
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats;->mUids:[I
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats;->setSingleUidTagState(III)V
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats;->startHistoryEnumeration(III)V
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats;->startSummaryEnumeration()V
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats;->startUserUidEnumeration()V
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats;->stepHistory()V
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats;->stepUid()V
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats;->TAG:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStatsManager$CallbackHandler;-><init>(Landroid/os/Looper;ILjava/lang/String;Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStatsManager$UsageCallback;)V
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStatsManager$CallbackHandler;->getObject(Landroid/os/Message;Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/Object;
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStatsManager$CallbackHandler;->mCallback:Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStatsManager$UsageCallback;
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStatsManager$CallbackHandler;->mNetworkType:I
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStatsManager$CallbackHandler;->mSubscriberId:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStatsManager$UsageCallback;->request:Landroid/net/DataUsageRequest;
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStatsManager;-><init>(Landroid/content/Context;Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService;)V
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStatsManager;->CALLBACK_LIMIT_REACHED:I
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStatsManager;->CALLBACK_RELEASED:I
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStatsManager;->createTemplate(ILjava/lang/String;)Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStatsManager;->DBG:Z
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStatsManager;->FLAG_AUGMENT_WITH_SUBSCRIPTION_PLAN:I
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStatsManager;->FLAG_POLL_FORCE:I
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStatsManager;->FLAG_POLL_ON_OPEN:I
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStatsManager;->mContext:Landroid/content/Context;
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStatsManager;->mFlags:I
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStatsManager;->MIN_THRESHOLD_BYTES:J
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStatsManager;->mService:Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService;
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStatsManager;->querySummaryForDevice(Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;JJ)Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStats$Bucket;
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStatsManager;->registerUsageCallback(Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;IJLandroid/app/usage/NetworkStatsManager$UsageCallback;Landroid/os/Handler;)V
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStatsManager;->setAugmentWithSubscriptionPlan(Z)V
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStatsManager;->setPollOnOpen(Z)V
+Landroid/app/usage/NetworkStatsManager;->TAG:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/DataUsageRequest;-><init>(ILandroid/net/NetworkTemplate;J)V
+Landroid/net/DataUsageRequest;->CREATOR:Landroid/os/Parcelable$Creator;
+Landroid/net/DataUsageRequest;->PARCELABLE_KEY:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/DataUsageRequest;->requestId:I
+Landroid/net/DataUsageRequest;->REQUEST_ID_UNSET:I
+Landroid/net/DataUsageRequest;->template:Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;
+Landroid/net/DataUsageRequest;->thresholdInBytes:J
+Landroid/net/EthernetManager;-><init>(Landroid/content/Context;Landroid/net/IEthernetManager;)V
+Landroid/net/EthernetManager;->mContext:Landroid/content/Context;
+Landroid/net/EthernetManager;->mHandler:Landroid/os/Handler;
+Landroid/net/EthernetManager;->mListeners:Ljava/util/ArrayList;
+Landroid/net/EthernetManager;->mService:Landroid/net/IEthernetManager;
+Landroid/net/EthernetManager;->mServiceListener:Landroid/net/IEthernetServiceListener$Stub;
+Landroid/net/EthernetManager;->MSG_AVAILABILITY_CHANGED:I
+Landroid/net/EthernetManager;->TAG:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IEthernetManager$Stub$Proxy;-><init>(Landroid/os/IBinder;)V
+Landroid/net/IEthernetManager$Stub$Proxy;->addListener(Landroid/net/IEthernetServiceListener;)V
+Landroid/net/IEthernetManager$Stub$Proxy;->getAvailableInterfaces()[Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IEthernetManager$Stub$Proxy;->getConfiguration(Ljava/lang/String;)Landroid/net/IpConfiguration;
+Landroid/net/IEthernetManager$Stub$Proxy;->getInterfaceDescriptor()Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IEthernetManager$Stub$Proxy;->isAvailable(Ljava/lang/String;)Z
+Landroid/net/IEthernetManager$Stub$Proxy;->mRemote:Landroid/os/IBinder;
+Landroid/net/IEthernetManager$Stub$Proxy;->removeListener(Landroid/net/IEthernetServiceListener;)V
+Landroid/net/IEthernetManager$Stub$Proxy;->setConfiguration(Ljava/lang/String;Landroid/net/IpConfiguration;)V
+Landroid/net/IEthernetManager$Stub;-><init>()V
+Landroid/net/IEthernetManager$Stub;->asInterface(Landroid/os/IBinder;)Landroid/net/IEthernetManager;
+Landroid/net/IEthernetManager$Stub;->DESCRIPTOR:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IEthernetManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_addListener:I
+Landroid/net/IEthernetManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getAvailableInterfaces:I
+Landroid/net/IEthernetManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getConfiguration:I
+Landroid/net/IEthernetManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_isAvailable:I
+Landroid/net/IEthernetManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_removeListener:I
+Landroid/net/IEthernetManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_setConfiguration:I
+Landroid/net/IEthernetManager;->addListener(Landroid/net/IEthernetServiceListener;)V
+Landroid/net/IEthernetManager;->getAvailableInterfaces()[Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IEthernetManager;->getConfiguration(Ljava/lang/String;)Landroid/net/IpConfiguration;
+Landroid/net/IEthernetManager;->isAvailable(Ljava/lang/String;)Z
+Landroid/net/IEthernetManager;->removeListener(Landroid/net/IEthernetServiceListener;)V
+Landroid/net/IEthernetManager;->setConfiguration(Ljava/lang/String;Landroid/net/IpConfiguration;)V
+Landroid/net/IEthernetServiceListener$Stub$Proxy;-><init>(Landroid/os/IBinder;)V
+Landroid/net/IEthernetServiceListener$Stub$Proxy;->getInterfaceDescriptor()Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IEthernetServiceListener$Stub$Proxy;->mRemote:Landroid/os/IBinder;
+Landroid/net/IEthernetServiceListener$Stub$Proxy;->onAvailabilityChanged(Ljava/lang/String;Z)V
+Landroid/net/IEthernetServiceListener$Stub;-><init>()V
+Landroid/net/IEthernetServiceListener$Stub;->asInterface(Landroid/os/IBinder;)Landroid/net/IEthernetServiceListener;
+Landroid/net/IEthernetServiceListener$Stub;->DESCRIPTOR:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IEthernetServiceListener$Stub;->TRANSACTION_onAvailabilityChanged:I
+Landroid/net/IEthernetServiceListener;->onAvailabilityChanged(Ljava/lang/String;Z)V
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService$Stub$Proxy;-><init>(Landroid/os/IBinder;)V
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService$Stub$Proxy;->addAddressToTunnelInterface(ILandroid/net/LinkAddress;Ljava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService$Stub$Proxy;->allocateSecurityParameterIndex(Ljava/lang/String;ILandroid/os/IBinder;)Landroid/net/IpSecSpiResponse;
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService$Stub$Proxy;->applyTransportModeTransform(Landroid/os/ParcelFileDescriptor;II)V
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService$Stub$Proxy;->applyTunnelModeTransform(IIILjava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService$Stub$Proxy;->closeUdpEncapsulationSocket(I)V
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService$Stub$Proxy;->createTransform(Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;Landroid/os/IBinder;Ljava/lang/String;)Landroid/net/IpSecTransformResponse;
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService$Stub$Proxy;->createTunnelInterface(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;Landroid/net/Network;Landroid/os/IBinder;Ljava/lang/String;)Landroid/net/IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse;
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService$Stub$Proxy;->deleteTransform(I)V
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService$Stub$Proxy;->deleteTunnelInterface(ILjava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService$Stub$Proxy;->getInterfaceDescriptor()Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService$Stub$Proxy;->mRemote:Landroid/os/IBinder;
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService$Stub$Proxy;->openUdpEncapsulationSocket(ILandroid/os/IBinder;)Landroid/net/IpSecUdpEncapResponse;
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService$Stub$Proxy;->releaseSecurityParameterIndex(I)V
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService$Stub$Proxy;->removeAddressFromTunnelInterface(ILandroid/net/LinkAddress;Ljava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService$Stub$Proxy;->removeTransportModeTransforms(Landroid/os/ParcelFileDescriptor;)V
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService$Stub;-><init>()V
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService$Stub;->asInterface(Landroid/os/IBinder;)Landroid/net/IIpSecService;
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService$Stub;->DESCRIPTOR:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService$Stub;->TRANSACTION_addAddressToTunnelInterface:I
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService$Stub;->TRANSACTION_allocateSecurityParameterIndex:I
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService$Stub;->TRANSACTION_applyTransportModeTransform:I
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService$Stub;->TRANSACTION_applyTunnelModeTransform:I
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService$Stub;->TRANSACTION_closeUdpEncapsulationSocket:I
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService$Stub;->TRANSACTION_createTransform:I
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService$Stub;->TRANSACTION_createTunnelInterface:I
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService$Stub;->TRANSACTION_deleteTransform:I
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService$Stub;->TRANSACTION_deleteTunnelInterface:I
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService$Stub;->TRANSACTION_openUdpEncapsulationSocket:I
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService$Stub;->TRANSACTION_releaseSecurityParameterIndex:I
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService$Stub;->TRANSACTION_removeAddressFromTunnelInterface:I
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService$Stub;->TRANSACTION_removeTransportModeTransforms:I
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService;->addAddressToTunnelInterface(ILandroid/net/LinkAddress;Ljava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService;->allocateSecurityParameterIndex(Ljava/lang/String;ILandroid/os/IBinder;)Landroid/net/IpSecSpiResponse;
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService;->applyTransportModeTransform(Landroid/os/ParcelFileDescriptor;II)V
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService;->applyTunnelModeTransform(IIILjava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService;->closeUdpEncapsulationSocket(I)V
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService;->createTransform(Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;Landroid/os/IBinder;Ljava/lang/String;)Landroid/net/IpSecTransformResponse;
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService;->createTunnelInterface(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;Landroid/net/Network;Landroid/os/IBinder;Ljava/lang/String;)Landroid/net/IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse;
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService;->deleteTransform(I)V
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService;->deleteTunnelInterface(ILjava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService;->openUdpEncapsulationSocket(ILandroid/os/IBinder;)Landroid/net/IpSecUdpEncapResponse;
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService;->releaseSecurityParameterIndex(I)V
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService;->removeAddressFromTunnelInterface(ILandroid/net/LinkAddress;Ljava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/IIpSecService;->removeTransportModeTransforms(Landroid/os/ParcelFileDescriptor;)V
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService$Stub$Proxy;->forceUpdate()V
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService$Stub$Proxy;->forceUpdateIfaces([Landroid/net/Network;)V
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService$Stub$Proxy;->getDataLayerSnapshotForUid(I)Landroid/net/NetworkStats;
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService$Stub$Proxy;->getDetailedUidStats([Ljava/lang/String;)Landroid/net/NetworkStats;
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService$Stub$Proxy;->getIfaceStats(Ljava/lang/String;I)J
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService$Stub$Proxy;->getInterfaceDescriptor()Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService$Stub$Proxy;->getTotalStats(I)J
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService$Stub$Proxy;->getUidStats(II)J
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService$Stub$Proxy;->incrementOperationCount(III)V
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService$Stub$Proxy;->mRemote:Landroid/os/IBinder;
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService$Stub$Proxy;->openSession()Landroid/net/INetworkStatsSession;
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService$Stub$Proxy;->openSessionForUsageStats(ILjava/lang/String;)Landroid/net/INetworkStatsSession;
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService$Stub$Proxy;->registerUsageCallback(Ljava/lang/String;Landroid/net/DataUsageRequest;Landroid/os/Messenger;Landroid/os/IBinder;)Landroid/net/DataUsageRequest;
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService$Stub$Proxy;->unregisterUsageRequest(Landroid/net/DataUsageRequest;)V
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService$Stub;-><init>()V
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService$Stub;->DESCRIPTOR:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService$Stub;->TRANSACTION_forceUpdate:I
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService$Stub;->TRANSACTION_forceUpdateIfaces:I
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getDataLayerSnapshotForUid:I
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getDetailedUidStats:I
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getIfaceStats:I
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getMobileIfaces:I
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getTotalStats:I
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getUidStats:I
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService$Stub;->TRANSACTION_incrementOperationCount:I
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService$Stub;->TRANSACTION_openSession:I
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService$Stub;->TRANSACTION_openSessionForUsageStats:I
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService$Stub;->TRANSACTION_registerUsageCallback:I
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService$Stub;->TRANSACTION_unregisterUsageRequest:I
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService;->forceUpdateIfaces([Landroid/net/Network;)V
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService;->getDetailedUidStats([Ljava/lang/String;)Landroid/net/NetworkStats;
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService;->getIfaceStats(Ljava/lang/String;I)J
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService;->getTotalStats(I)J
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService;->getUidStats(II)J
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService;->incrementOperationCount(III)V
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService;->registerUsageCallback(Ljava/lang/String;Landroid/net/DataUsageRequest;Landroid/os/Messenger;Landroid/os/IBinder;)Landroid/net/DataUsageRequest;
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService;->unregisterUsageRequest(Landroid/net/DataUsageRequest;)V
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsSession$Stub$Proxy;-><init>(Landroid/os/IBinder;)V
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsSession$Stub$Proxy;->close()V
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsSession$Stub$Proxy;->getDeviceSummaryForNetwork(Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;JJ)Landroid/net/NetworkStats;
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsSession$Stub$Proxy;->getHistoryForNetwork(Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;I)Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsSession$Stub$Proxy;->getHistoryForUid(Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;IIII)Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsSession$Stub$Proxy;->getHistoryIntervalForUid(Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;IIIIJJ)Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsSession$Stub$Proxy;->getInterfaceDescriptor()Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsSession$Stub$Proxy;->getRelevantUids()[I
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsSession$Stub$Proxy;->getSummaryForAllUid(Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;JJZ)Landroid/net/NetworkStats;
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsSession$Stub$Proxy;->getSummaryForNetwork(Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;JJ)Landroid/net/NetworkStats;
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsSession$Stub$Proxy;->mRemote:Landroid/os/IBinder;
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsSession$Stub;-><init>()V
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsSession$Stub;->asInterface(Landroid/os/IBinder;)Landroid/net/INetworkStatsSession;
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsSession$Stub;->DESCRIPTOR:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsSession$Stub;->TRANSACTION_close:I
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsSession$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getDeviceSummaryForNetwork:I
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsSession$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getHistoryForNetwork:I
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsSession$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getHistoryForUid:I
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsSession$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getHistoryIntervalForUid:I
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsSession$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getRelevantUids:I
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsSession$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getSummaryForAllUid:I
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsSession$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getSummaryForNetwork:I
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsSession;->getDeviceSummaryForNetwork(Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;JJ)Landroid/net/NetworkStats;
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsSession;->getHistoryIntervalForUid(Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;IIIIJJ)Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsSession;->getRelevantUids()[I
+Landroid/net/IpSecAlgorithm;->checkValidOrThrow(Ljava/lang/String;II)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecAlgorithm;->CRYPT_NULL:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IpSecAlgorithm;->equals(Landroid/net/IpSecAlgorithm;Landroid/net/IpSecAlgorithm;)Z
+Landroid/net/IpSecAlgorithm;->isAead()Z
+Landroid/net/IpSecAlgorithm;->isAuthentication()Z
+Landroid/net/IpSecAlgorithm;->isEncryption()Z
+Landroid/net/IpSecAlgorithm;->isUnsafeBuild()Z
+Landroid/net/IpSecAlgorithm;->mKey:[B
+Landroid/net/IpSecAlgorithm;->mName:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IpSecAlgorithm;->mTruncLenBits:I
+Landroid/net/IpSecAlgorithm;->TAG:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;-><init>()V
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;-><init>(Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;-><init>(Landroid/os/Parcel;)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->CREATOR:Landroid/os/Parcelable$Creator;
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->equals(Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;)Z
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->getAuthenticatedEncryption()Landroid/net/IpSecAlgorithm;
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->getAuthentication()Landroid/net/IpSecAlgorithm;
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->getDestinationAddress()Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->getEncapRemotePort()I
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->getEncapSocketResourceId()I
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->getEncapType()I
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->getEncryption()Landroid/net/IpSecAlgorithm;
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->getMarkMask()I
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->getMarkValue()I
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->getMode()I
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->getNattKeepaliveInterval()I
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->getNetwork()Landroid/net/Network;
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->getSourceAddress()Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->getSpiResourceId()I
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->mAuthenticatedEncryption:Landroid/net/IpSecAlgorithm;
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->mAuthentication:Landroid/net/IpSecAlgorithm;
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->mDestinationAddress:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->mEncapRemotePort:I
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->mEncapSocketResourceId:I
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->mEncapType:I
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->mEncryption:Landroid/net/IpSecAlgorithm;
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->mMarkMask:I
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->mMarkValue:I
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->mMode:I
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->mNattKeepaliveInterval:I
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->mNetwork:Landroid/net/Network;
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->mSourceAddress:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->mSpiResourceId:I
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->setAuthenticatedEncryption(Landroid/net/IpSecAlgorithm;)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->setAuthentication(Landroid/net/IpSecAlgorithm;)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->setDestinationAddress(Ljava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->setEncapRemotePort(I)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->setEncapSocketResourceId(I)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->setEncapType(I)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->setEncryption(Landroid/net/IpSecAlgorithm;)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->setMarkMask(I)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->setMarkValue(I)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->setMode(I)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->setNattKeepaliveInterval(I)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->setNetwork(Landroid/net/Network;)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->setSourceAddress(Ljava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->setSpiResourceId(I)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;->TAG:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager$IpSecTunnelInterface;-><init>(Landroid/content/Context;Landroid/net/IIpSecService;Ljava/net/InetAddress;Ljava/net/InetAddress;Landroid/net/Network;)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager$IpSecTunnelInterface;->addAddress(Ljava/net/InetAddress;I)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager$IpSecTunnelInterface;->getInterfaceName()Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager$IpSecTunnelInterface;->getResourceId()I
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager$IpSecTunnelInterface;->mCloseGuard:Ldalvik/system/CloseGuard;
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager$IpSecTunnelInterface;->mInterfaceName:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager$IpSecTunnelInterface;->mLocalAddress:Ljava/net/InetAddress;
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager$IpSecTunnelInterface;->mOpPackageName:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager$IpSecTunnelInterface;->mRemoteAddress:Ljava/net/InetAddress;
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager$IpSecTunnelInterface;->mResourceId:I
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager$IpSecTunnelInterface;->mService:Landroid/net/IIpSecService;
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager$IpSecTunnelInterface;->mUnderlyingNetwork:Landroid/net/Network;
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager$IpSecTunnelInterface;->removeAddress(Ljava/net/InetAddress;I)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager$ResourceUnavailableException;-><init>(Ljava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager$SecurityParameterIndex;-><init>(Landroid/net/IIpSecService;Ljava/net/InetAddress;I)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager$SecurityParameterIndex;->getResourceId()I
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager$SecurityParameterIndex;->mCloseGuard:Ldalvik/system/CloseGuard;
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager$SecurityParameterIndex;->mDestinationAddress:Ljava/net/InetAddress;
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager$SecurityParameterIndex;->mResourceId:I
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager$SecurityParameterIndex;->mService:Landroid/net/IIpSecService;
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager$SecurityParameterIndex;->mSpi:I
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager$SpiUnavailableException;-><init>(Ljava/lang/String;I)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager$SpiUnavailableException;->mSpi:I
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager$Status;->OK:I
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager$Status;->RESOURCE_UNAVAILABLE:I
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager$Status;->SPI_UNAVAILABLE:I
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager$UdpEncapsulationSocket;-><init>(Landroid/net/IIpSecService;I)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager$UdpEncapsulationSocket;->getResourceId()I
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager$UdpEncapsulationSocket;->mCloseGuard:Ldalvik/system/CloseGuard;
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager$UdpEncapsulationSocket;->mPfd:Landroid/os/ParcelFileDescriptor;
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager$UdpEncapsulationSocket;->mPort:I
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager$UdpEncapsulationSocket;->mResourceId:I
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager$UdpEncapsulationSocket;->mService:Landroid/net/IIpSecService;
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager;-><init>(Landroid/content/Context;Landroid/net/IIpSecService;)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager;->applyTunnelModeTransform(Landroid/net/IpSecManager$IpSecTunnelInterface;ILandroid/net/IpSecTransform;)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager;->createIpSecTunnelInterface(Ljava/net/InetAddress;Ljava/net/InetAddress;Landroid/net/Network;)Landroid/net/IpSecManager$IpSecTunnelInterface;
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager;->INVALID_RESOURCE_ID:I
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager;->maybeHandleServiceSpecificException(Landroid/os/ServiceSpecificException;)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager;->mContext:Landroid/content/Context;
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager;->mService:Landroid/net/IIpSecService;
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager;->removeTunnelModeTransform(Landroid/net/Network;Landroid/net/IpSecTransform;)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager;->rethrowCheckedExceptionFromServiceSpecificException(Landroid/os/ServiceSpecificException;)Ljava/io/IOException;
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager;->rethrowUncheckedExceptionFromServiceSpecificException(Landroid/os/ServiceSpecificException;)Ljava/lang/RuntimeException;
+Landroid/net/IpSecManager;->TAG:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IpSecSpiResponse;-><init>(I)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecSpiResponse;-><init>(III)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecSpiResponse;-><init>(Landroid/os/Parcel;)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecSpiResponse;->CREATOR:Landroid/os/Parcelable$Creator;
+Landroid/net/IpSecSpiResponse;->resourceId:I
+Landroid/net/IpSecSpiResponse;->spi:I
+Landroid/net/IpSecSpiResponse;->status:I
+Landroid/net/IpSecSpiResponse;->TAG:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IpSecTransform$Builder;->buildTunnelModeTransform(Ljava/net/InetAddress;Landroid/net/IpSecManager$SecurityParameterIndex;)Landroid/net/IpSecTransform;
+Landroid/net/IpSecTransform$Builder;->mConfig:Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;
+Landroid/net/IpSecTransform$Builder;->mContext:Landroid/content/Context;
+Landroid/net/IpSecTransform$NattKeepaliveCallback;-><init>()V
+Landroid/net/IpSecTransform$NattKeepaliveCallback;->ERROR_HARDWARE_ERROR:I
+Landroid/net/IpSecTransform$NattKeepaliveCallback;->ERROR_HARDWARE_UNSUPPORTED:I
+Landroid/net/IpSecTransform$NattKeepaliveCallback;->ERROR_INVALID_NETWORK:I
+Landroid/net/IpSecTransform$NattKeepaliveCallback;->onError(I)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecTransform$NattKeepaliveCallback;->onStarted()V
+Landroid/net/IpSecTransform$NattKeepaliveCallback;->onStopped()V
+Landroid/net/IpSecTransform;-><init>(Landroid/content/Context;Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecTransform;->activate()Landroid/net/IpSecTransform;
+Landroid/net/IpSecTransform;->checkResultStatus(I)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecTransform;->ENCAP_ESPINUDP:I
+Landroid/net/IpSecTransform;->ENCAP_ESPINUDP_NON_IKE:I
+Landroid/net/IpSecTransform;->ENCAP_NONE:I
+Landroid/net/IpSecTransform;->equals(Landroid/net/IpSecTransform;Landroid/net/IpSecTransform;)Z
+Landroid/net/IpSecTransform;->getConfig()Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;
+Landroid/net/IpSecTransform;->getIpSecService()Landroid/net/IIpSecService;
+Landroid/net/IpSecTransform;->getResourceId()I
+Landroid/net/IpSecTransform;->mCallbackHandler:Landroid/os/Handler;
+Landroid/net/IpSecTransform;->mCloseGuard:Ldalvik/system/CloseGuard;
+Landroid/net/IpSecTransform;->mConfig:Landroid/net/IpSecConfig;
+Landroid/net/IpSecTransform;->mContext:Landroid/content/Context;
+Landroid/net/IpSecTransform;->mKeepalive:Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$PacketKeepalive;
+Landroid/net/IpSecTransform;->mKeepaliveCallback:Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$PacketKeepaliveCallback;
+Landroid/net/IpSecTransform;->MODE_TRANSPORT:I
+Landroid/net/IpSecTransform;->MODE_TUNNEL:I
+Landroid/net/IpSecTransform;->mResourceId:I
+Landroid/net/IpSecTransform;->mUserKeepaliveCallback:Landroid/net/IpSecTransform$NattKeepaliveCallback;
+Landroid/net/IpSecTransform;->startNattKeepalive(Landroid/net/IpSecTransform$NattKeepaliveCallback;ILandroid/os/Handler;)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecTransform;->stopNattKeepalive()V
+Landroid/net/IpSecTransform;->TAG:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IpSecTransformResponse;-><init>(I)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecTransformResponse;-><init>(II)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecTransformResponse;-><init>(Landroid/os/Parcel;)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecTransformResponse;->CREATOR:Landroid/os/Parcelable$Creator;
+Landroid/net/IpSecTransformResponse;->resourceId:I
+Landroid/net/IpSecTransformResponse;->status:I
+Landroid/net/IpSecTransformResponse;->TAG:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse;-><init>(I)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse;-><init>(IILjava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse;-><init>(Landroid/os/Parcel;)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse;->CREATOR:Landroid/os/Parcelable$Creator;
+Landroid/net/IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse;->interfaceName:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse;->resourceId:I
+Landroid/net/IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse;->status:I
+Landroid/net/IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse;->TAG:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IpSecUdpEncapResponse;-><init>(I)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecUdpEncapResponse;-><init>(IIILjava/io/FileDescriptor;)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecUdpEncapResponse;-><init>(Landroid/os/Parcel;)V
+Landroid/net/IpSecUdpEncapResponse;->CREATOR:Landroid/os/Parcelable$Creator;
+Landroid/net/IpSecUdpEncapResponse;->fileDescriptor:Landroid/os/ParcelFileDescriptor;
+Landroid/net/IpSecUdpEncapResponse;->port:I
+Landroid/net/IpSecUdpEncapResponse;->resourceId:I
+Landroid/net/IpSecUdpEncapResponse;->status:I
+Landroid/net/IpSecUdpEncapResponse;->TAG:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/nsd/DnsSdTxtRecord;-><init>()V
+Landroid/net/nsd/DnsSdTxtRecord;-><init>(Landroid/net/nsd/DnsSdTxtRecord;)V
+Landroid/net/nsd/DnsSdTxtRecord;-><init>([B)V
+Landroid/net/nsd/DnsSdTxtRecord;->contains(Ljava/lang/String;)Z
+Landroid/net/nsd/DnsSdTxtRecord;->CREATOR:Landroid/os/Parcelable$Creator;
+Landroid/net/nsd/DnsSdTxtRecord;->get(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/nsd/DnsSdTxtRecord;->getKey(I)Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/nsd/DnsSdTxtRecord;->getRawData()[B
+Landroid/net/nsd/DnsSdTxtRecord;->getValue(I)[B
+Landroid/net/nsd/DnsSdTxtRecord;->getValue(Ljava/lang/String;)[B
+Landroid/net/nsd/DnsSdTxtRecord;->getValueAsString(I)Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/nsd/DnsSdTxtRecord;->insert([B[BI)V
+Landroid/net/nsd/DnsSdTxtRecord;->keyCount()I
+Landroid/net/nsd/DnsSdTxtRecord;->mData:[B
+Landroid/net/nsd/DnsSdTxtRecord;->mSeperator:B
+Landroid/net/nsd/DnsSdTxtRecord;->remove(Ljava/lang/String;)I
+Landroid/net/nsd/DnsSdTxtRecord;->set(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/nsd/DnsSdTxtRecord;->size()I
+Landroid/net/nsd/INsdManager$Stub$Proxy;-><init>(Landroid/os/IBinder;)V
+Landroid/net/nsd/INsdManager$Stub$Proxy;->getInterfaceDescriptor()Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/nsd/INsdManager$Stub$Proxy;->getMessenger()Landroid/os/Messenger;
+Landroid/net/nsd/INsdManager$Stub$Proxy;->mRemote:Landroid/os/IBinder;
+Landroid/net/nsd/INsdManager$Stub$Proxy;->setEnabled(Z)V
+Landroid/net/nsd/INsdManager$Stub;-><init>()V
+Landroid/net/nsd/INsdManager$Stub;->DESCRIPTOR:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/nsd/INsdManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getMessenger:I
+Landroid/net/nsd/INsdManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_setEnabled:I
+Landroid/net/nsd/INsdManager;->setEnabled(Z)V
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;-><init>(Landroid/content/Context;Landroid/net/nsd/INsdManager;)V
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->BASE:I
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->checkListener(Ljava/lang/Object;)V
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->checkProtocol(I)V
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->checkServiceInfo(Landroid/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo;)V
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->DBG:Z
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->DISABLE:I
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->disconnect()V
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->DISCOVER_SERVICES:I
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->DISCOVER_SERVICES_FAILED:I
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->DISCOVER_SERVICES_STARTED:I
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->ENABLE:I
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->EVENT_NAMES:Landroid/util/SparseArray;
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->fatal(Ljava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->FIRST_LISTENER_KEY:I
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->getListenerKey(Ljava/lang/Object;)I
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->getMessenger()Landroid/os/Messenger;
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->getNsdServiceInfoType(Landroid/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo;)Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->init()V
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->mAsyncChannel:Lcom/android/internal/util/AsyncChannel;
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->mConnected:Ljava/util/concurrent/CountDownLatch;
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->mContext:Landroid/content/Context;
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->mHandler:Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager$ServiceHandler;
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->mListenerKey:I
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->mListenerMap:Landroid/util/SparseArray;
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->mMapLock:Ljava/lang/Object;
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->mService:Landroid/net/nsd/INsdManager;
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->mServiceMap:Landroid/util/SparseArray;
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->nameOf(I)Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->NATIVE_DAEMON_EVENT:I
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->nextListenerKey()I
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->putListener(Ljava/lang/Object;Landroid/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo;)I
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->REGISTER_SERVICE:I
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->REGISTER_SERVICE_FAILED:I
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->REGISTER_SERVICE_SUCCEEDED:I
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->removeListener(I)V
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->RESOLVE_SERVICE:I
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->RESOLVE_SERVICE_FAILED:I
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->RESOLVE_SERVICE_SUCCEEDED:I
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->SERVICE_FOUND:I
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->SERVICE_LOST:I
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->setEnabled(Z)V
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->STOP_DISCOVERY:I
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->STOP_DISCOVERY_FAILED:I
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->STOP_DISCOVERY_SUCCEEDED:I
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->TAG:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->UNREGISTER_SERVICE:I
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->UNREGISTER_SERVICE_FAILED:I
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdManager;->UNREGISTER_SERVICE_SUCCEEDED:I
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo;-><init>(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo;->getTxtRecord()[B
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo;->getTxtRecordSize()I
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo;->mHost:Ljava/net/InetAddress;
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo;->mPort:I
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo;->mServiceName:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo;->mServiceType:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo;->mTxtRecord:Landroid/util/ArrayMap;
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo;->setTxtRecords(Ljava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo;->TAG:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/TrafficStats;->addIfSupported(J)J
+Landroid/net/TrafficStats;->closeQuietly(Landroid/net/INetworkStatsSession;)V
+Landroid/net/TrafficStats;->GB_IN_BYTES:J
+Landroid/net/TrafficStats;->getDataLayerSnapshotForUid(Landroid/content/Context;)Landroid/net/NetworkStats;
+Landroid/net/TrafficStats;->getRxPackets(Ljava/lang/String;)J
+Landroid/net/TrafficStats;->getTxPackets(Ljava/lang/String;)J
+Landroid/net/TrafficStats;->KB_IN_BYTES:J
+Landroid/net/TrafficStats;->LOOPBACK_IFACE:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/TrafficStats;->MB_IN_BYTES:J
+Landroid/net/TrafficStats;->PB_IN_BYTES:J
+Landroid/net/TrafficStats;->sActiveProfilingStart:Landroid/net/NetworkStats;
+Landroid/net/TrafficStats;->sProfilingLock:Ljava/lang/Object;
+Landroid/net/TrafficStats;->sStatsService:Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService;
+Landroid/net/TrafficStats;->startDataProfiling(Landroid/content/Context;)V
+Landroid/net/TrafficStats;->stopDataProfiling(Landroid/content/Context;)Landroid/net/NetworkStats;
+Landroid/net/TrafficStats;->TAG_SYSTEM_APP:I
+Landroid/net/TrafficStats;->TAG_SYSTEM_BACKUP:I
+Landroid/net/TrafficStats;->TAG_SYSTEM_DHCP:I
+Landroid/net/TrafficStats;->TAG_SYSTEM_DOWNLOAD:I
+Landroid/net/TrafficStats;->TAG_SYSTEM_GPS:I
+Landroid/net/TrafficStats;->TAG_SYSTEM_MEDIA:I
+Landroid/net/TrafficStats;->TAG_SYSTEM_NEIGHBOR:I
+Landroid/net/TrafficStats;->TAG_SYSTEM_NTP:I
+Landroid/net/TrafficStats;->TAG_SYSTEM_PAC:I
+Landroid/net/TrafficStats;->TAG_SYSTEM_PROBE:I
+Landroid/net/TrafficStats;->TAG_SYSTEM_RESTORE:I
+Landroid/net/TrafficStats;->TB_IN_BYTES:J
+Landroid/net/TrafficStats;->TYPE_RX_BYTES:I
+Landroid/net/TrafficStats;->TYPE_RX_PACKETS:I
+Landroid/net/TrafficStats;->TYPE_TCP_RX_PACKETS:I
+Landroid/net/TrafficStats;->TYPE_TCP_TX_PACKETS:I
+Landroid/net/TrafficStats;->TYPE_TX_BYTES:I
+Landroid/net/TrafficStats;->TYPE_TX_PACKETS:I
+Landroid/net/TrafficStats;->UID_REMOVED:I
+Landroid/net/TrafficStats;->UID_TETHERING:I
diff --git a/Tethering/apex/hiddenapi/hiddenapi-max-target-o-low-priority.txt b/Tethering/apex/hiddenapi/hiddenapi-max-target-o-low-priority.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f49d1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/apex/hiddenapi/hiddenapi-max-target-o-low-priority.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,1216 @@
+Landroid/net/CaptivePortal;-><init>(Landroid/os/IBinder;)V
+Landroid/net/CaptivePortal;->APP_RETURN_DISMISSED:I
+Landroid/net/CaptivePortal;->APP_RETURN_UNWANTED:I
+Landroid/net/CaptivePortal;->APP_RETURN_WANTED_AS_IS:I
+Landroid/net/CaptivePortal;->mBinder:Landroid/os/IBinder;
+Landroid/net/CaptivePortal;->useNetwork()V
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$CallbackHandler;->DBG:Z
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$CallbackHandler;->getObject(Landroid/os/Message;Ljava/lang/Class;)Ljava/lang/Object;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$CallbackHandler;->TAG:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$Errors;->TOO_MANY_REQUESTS:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$LegacyRequest;-><init>()V
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$LegacyRequest;->clearDnsBinding()V
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$LegacyRequest;->currentNetwork:Landroid/net/Network;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$LegacyRequest;->delay:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$LegacyRequest;->expireSequenceNumber:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$LegacyRequest;->networkCallback:Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$NetworkCallback;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$LegacyRequest;->networkCapabilities:Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$LegacyRequest;->networkRequest:Landroid/net/NetworkRequest;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$NetworkCallback;->networkRequest:Landroid/net/NetworkRequest;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$NetworkCallback;->onAvailable(Landroid/net/Network;Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;Landroid/net/LinkProperties;)V
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$NetworkCallback;->onNetworkResumed(Landroid/net/Network;)V
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$NetworkCallback;->onNetworkSuspended(Landroid/net/Network;)V
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$NetworkCallback;->onPreCheck(Landroid/net/Network;)V
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$PacketKeepalive;->BINDER_DIED:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$PacketKeepalive;->ERROR_HARDWARE_ERROR:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$PacketKeepalive;->ERROR_HARDWARE_UNSUPPORTED:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$PacketKeepalive;->ERROR_INVALID_INTERVAL:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$PacketKeepalive;->ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$PacketKeepalive;->ERROR_INVALID_LENGTH:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$PacketKeepalive;->ERROR_INVALID_NETWORK:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$PacketKeepalive;->ERROR_INVALID_PORT:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$PacketKeepalive;->mCallback:Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$PacketKeepaliveCallback;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$PacketKeepalive;->MIN_INTERVAL:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$PacketKeepalive;->mLooper:Landroid/os/Looper;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$PacketKeepalive;->mMessenger:Landroid/os/Messenger;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$PacketKeepalive;->mNetwork:Landroid/net/Network;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$PacketKeepalive;->mSlot:Ljava/lang/Integer;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$PacketKeepalive;->NATT_PORT:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$PacketKeepalive;->NO_KEEPALIVE:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$PacketKeepalive;->stopLooper()V
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$PacketKeepalive;->SUCCESS:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$PacketKeepalive;->TAG:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$TooManyRequestsException;-><init>()V
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;-><init>(Landroid/content/Context;Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;)V
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->ACTION_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_TEST_COMPLETED:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->ACTION_DATA_ACTIVITY_CHANGE:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->ACTION_PROMPT_LOST_VALIDATION:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->ACTION_PROMPT_UNVALIDATED:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->ALREADY_UNREGISTERED:Landroid/net/NetworkRequest;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->BASE:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->CALLBACK_AVAILABLE:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->CALLBACK_CAP_CHANGED:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->CALLBACK_IP_CHANGED:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->CALLBACK_LOSING:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->CALLBACK_LOST:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->CALLBACK_PRECHECK:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->CALLBACK_RESUMED:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->CALLBACK_SUSPENDED:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->CALLBACK_UNAVAIL:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->checkCallbackNotNull(Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$NetworkCallback;)V
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->checkLegacyRoutingApiAccess()V
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->checkMobileProvisioning(I)I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->checkPendingIntentNotNull(Landroid/app/PendingIntent;)V
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->checkTimeout(I)V
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->CONNECTIVITY_ACTION_SUPL:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->convertServiceException(Landroid/os/ServiceSpecificException;)Ljava/lang/RuntimeException;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->enforceChangePermission(Landroid/content/Context;)V
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->enforceTetherChangePermission(Landroid/content/Context;Ljava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->expireRequest(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;I)V
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->EXPIRE_LEGACY_REQUEST:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->EXTRA_ACTIVE_LOCAL_ONLY:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->EXTRA_ADD_TETHER_TYPE:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->EXTRA_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_PROBE_SPEC:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->EXTRA_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_USER_AGENT:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->EXTRA_DEVICE_TYPE:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->EXTRA_INET_CONDITION:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->EXTRA_IS_ACTIVE:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->EXTRA_IS_CAPTIVE_PORTAL:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->EXTRA_PROVISION_CALLBACK:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->EXTRA_REALTIME_NS:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->EXTRA_REM_TETHER_TYPE:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->EXTRA_RUN_PROVISION:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->EXTRA_SET_ALARM:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->factoryReset()V
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->findRequestForFeature(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;)Landroid/net/NetworkRequest;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->getActiveNetworkForUid(I)Landroid/net/Network;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->getActiveNetworkForUid(IZ)Landroid/net/Network;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->getActiveNetworkInfoForUid(IZ)Landroid/net/NetworkInfo;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->getAlwaysOnVpnPackageForUser(I)Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->getCallbackName(I)Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->getDefaultHandler()Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$CallbackHandler;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->getGlobalProxy()Landroid/net/ProxyInfo;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->getInstanceOrNull()Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->getMobileProvisioningUrl()Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->getNetworkInfoForUid(Landroid/net/Network;IZ)Landroid/net/NetworkInfo;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->getNetworkManagementService()Landroid/os/INetworkManagementService;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->getNetworkPolicyManager()Landroid/net/INetworkPolicyManager;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->getProxyForNetwork(Landroid/net/Network;)Landroid/net/ProxyInfo;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->getTetheredDhcpRanges()[Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->inferLegacyTypeForNetworkCapabilities(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;)I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->isAlwaysOnVpnPackageSupportedForUser(ILjava/lang/String;)Z
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->isNetworkTypeWifi(I)Z
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->legacyTypeForNetworkCapabilities(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;)I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->LISTEN:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->MAX_NETWORK_TYPE:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->MAX_RADIO_TYPE:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->mContext:Landroid/content/Context;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->MIN_NETWORK_TYPE:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->mNetworkActivityListeners:Landroid/util/ArrayMap;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->mNMService:Landroid/os/INetworkManagementService;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->mNPManager:Landroid/net/INetworkPolicyManager;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_UNMETERED:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->NETID_UNSET:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->networkCapabilitiesForType(I)Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->PRIVATE_DNS_DEFAULT_MODE_FALLBACK:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OFF:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_PROVIDER_HOSTNAME:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->registerNetworkAgent(Landroid/os/Messenger;Landroid/net/NetworkInfo;Landroid/net/LinkProperties;Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;ILandroid/net/NetworkMisc;)I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->renewRequestLocked(Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$LegacyRequest;)V
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->reportInetCondition(II)V
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->REQUEST:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->requestNetwork(Landroid/net/NetworkRequest;Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$NetworkCallback;IILandroid/os/Handler;)V
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->REQUEST_ID_UNSET:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->sCallbackHandler:Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$CallbackHandler;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->sCallbacks:Ljava/util/HashMap;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->sendExpireMsgForFeature(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;II)V
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->sendRequestForNetwork(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$NetworkCallback;IIILandroid/net/ConnectivityManager$CallbackHandler;)Landroid/net/NetworkRequest;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->setAcceptUnvalidated(Landroid/net/Network;ZZ)V
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->setAlwaysOnVpnPackageForUser(ILjava/lang/String;Z)Z
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->setAvoidUnvalidated(Landroid/net/Network;)V
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->setGlobalProxy(Landroid/net/ProxyInfo;)V
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->setProvisioningNotificationVisible(ZILjava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->sInstance:Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->sLegacyTypeToCapability:Landroid/util/SparseIntArray;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->sLegacyTypeToTransport:Landroid/util/SparseIntArray;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->startCaptivePortalApp(Landroid/net/Network;)V
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->TAG:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->TETHERING_INVALID:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->TETHER_ERROR_DISABLE_NAT_ERROR:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->TETHER_ERROR_ENABLE_NAT_ERROR:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->TETHER_ERROR_IFACE_CFG_ERROR:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->TETHER_ERROR_MASTER_ERROR:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->TETHER_ERROR_PROVISION_FAILED:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->TETHER_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAIL:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->TETHER_ERROR_TETHER_IFACE_ERROR:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->TETHER_ERROR_UNAVAIL_IFACE:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_IFACE:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->TETHER_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->TETHER_ERROR_UNTETHER_IFACE_ERROR:I
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->unsupportedStartingFrom(I)V
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->updateLockdownVpn()Z
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityThread$Singleton;-><init>()V
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityThread$Singleton;->INSTANCE:Landroid/net/ConnectivityThread;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityThread;-><init>()V
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityThread;->createInstance()Landroid/net/ConnectivityThread;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityThread;->get()Landroid/net/ConnectivityThread;
+Landroid/net/ConnectivityThread;->getInstanceLooper()Landroid/os/Looper;
+Landroid/net/DhcpInfo;-><init>(Landroid/net/DhcpInfo;)V
+Landroid/net/DhcpInfo;->CREATOR:Landroid/os/Parcelable$Creator;
+Landroid/net/DhcpInfo;->putAddress(Ljava/lang/StringBuffer;I)V
+Landroid/net/ICaptivePortal$Stub$Proxy;-><init>(Landroid/os/IBinder;)V
+Landroid/net/ICaptivePortal$Stub$Proxy;->appResponse(I)V
+Landroid/net/ICaptivePortal$Stub$Proxy;->getInterfaceDescriptor()Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/ICaptivePortal$Stub$Proxy;->mRemote:Landroid/os/IBinder;
+Landroid/net/ICaptivePortal$Stub;-><init>()V
+Landroid/net/ICaptivePortal$Stub;->asInterface(Landroid/os/IBinder;)Landroid/net/ICaptivePortal;
+Landroid/net/ICaptivePortal$Stub;->DESCRIPTOR:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/ICaptivePortal$Stub;->TRANSACTION_appResponse:I
+Landroid/net/ICaptivePortal;->appResponse(I)V
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->addVpnAddress(Ljava/lang/String;I)Z
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->checkMobileProvisioning(I)I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->establishVpn(Lcom/android/internal/net/VpnConfig;)Landroid/os/ParcelFileDescriptor;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->factoryReset()V
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->getActiveNetwork()Landroid/net/Network;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->getActiveNetworkForUid(IZ)Landroid/net/Network;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->getActiveNetworkInfoForUid(IZ)Landroid/net/NetworkInfo;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->getActiveNetworkQuotaInfo()Landroid/net/NetworkQuotaInfo;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->getAllNetworkState()[Landroid/net/NetworkState;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->getAllVpnInfo()[Lcom/android/internal/net/VpnInfo;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->getAlwaysOnVpnPackage(I)Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->getCaptivePortalServerUrl()Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->getDefaultNetworkCapabilitiesForUser(I)[Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->getGlobalProxy()Landroid/net/ProxyInfo;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->getInterfaceDescriptor()Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->getLastTetherError(Ljava/lang/String;)I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->getLegacyVpnInfo(I)Lcom/android/internal/net/LegacyVpnInfo;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->getLinkProperties(Landroid/net/Network;)Landroid/net/LinkProperties;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->getLinkPropertiesForType(I)Landroid/net/LinkProperties;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->getMobileProvisioningUrl()Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->getMultipathPreference(Landroid/net/Network;)I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->getNetworkCapabilities(Landroid/net/Network;)Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->getNetworkForType(I)Landroid/net/Network;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->getNetworkInfo(I)Landroid/net/NetworkInfo;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->getNetworkInfoForUid(Landroid/net/Network;IZ)Landroid/net/NetworkInfo;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->getNetworkWatchlistConfigHash()[B
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->getProxyForNetwork(Landroid/net/Network;)Landroid/net/ProxyInfo;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->getRestoreDefaultNetworkDelay(I)I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->getTetherableBluetoothRegexs()[Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->getTetherableWifiRegexs()[Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->getTetheredDhcpRanges()[Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->getTetheringErroredIfaces()[Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->getVpnConfig(I)Lcom/android/internal/net/VpnConfig;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->isActiveNetworkMetered()Z
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->isAlwaysOnVpnPackageSupported(ILjava/lang/String;)Z
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->isNetworkSupported(I)Z
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->isTetheringSupported(Ljava/lang/String;)Z
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->listenForNetwork(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;Landroid/os/Messenger;Landroid/os/IBinder;)Landroid/net/NetworkRequest;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->pendingListenForNetwork(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;Landroid/app/PendingIntent;)V
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->pendingRequestForNetwork(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;Landroid/app/PendingIntent;)Landroid/net/NetworkRequest;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->prepareVpn(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;I)Z
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->registerNetworkAgent(Landroid/os/Messenger;Landroid/net/NetworkInfo;Landroid/net/LinkProperties;Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;ILandroid/net/NetworkMisc;)I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->registerNetworkFactory(Landroid/os/Messenger;Ljava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->releaseNetworkRequest(Landroid/net/NetworkRequest;)V
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->releasePendingNetworkRequest(Landroid/app/PendingIntent;)V
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->removeVpnAddress(Ljava/lang/String;I)Z
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->reportInetCondition(II)V
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->reportNetworkConnectivity(Landroid/net/Network;Z)V
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->requestBandwidthUpdate(Landroid/net/Network;)Z
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->requestNetwork(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;Landroid/os/Messenger;ILandroid/os/IBinder;I)Landroid/net/NetworkRequest;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->requestRouteToHostAddress(I[B)Z
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->setAcceptUnvalidated(Landroid/net/Network;ZZ)V
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->setAirplaneMode(Z)V
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->setAlwaysOnVpnPackage(ILjava/lang/String;Z)Z
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->setAvoidUnvalidated(Landroid/net/Network;)V
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->setGlobalProxy(Landroid/net/ProxyInfo;)V
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->setProvisioningNotificationVisible(ZILjava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->setUnderlyingNetworksForVpn([Landroid/net/Network;)Z
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->setUsbTethering(ZLjava/lang/String;)I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->setVpnPackageAuthorization(Ljava/lang/String;IZ)V
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->startCaptivePortalApp(Landroid/net/Network;)V
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->startLegacyVpn(Lcom/android/internal/net/VpnProfile;)V
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->startNattKeepalive(Landroid/net/Network;ILandroid/os/Messenger;Landroid/os/IBinder;Ljava/lang/String;ILjava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->startTethering(ILandroid/os/ResultReceiver;ZLjava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->stopKeepalive(Landroid/net/Network;I)V
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->stopTethering(ILjava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->tether(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->unregisterNetworkFactory(Landroid/os/Messenger;)V
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->untether(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->updateLockdownVpn()Z
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->DESCRIPTOR:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_addVpnAddress:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_checkMobileProvisioning:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_establishVpn:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_factoryReset:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getActiveLinkProperties:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getActiveNetwork:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getActiveNetworkForUid:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getActiveNetworkInfo:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getActiveNetworkInfoForUid:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getActiveNetworkQuotaInfo:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getAllNetworkInfo:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getAllNetworks:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getAllNetworkState:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getAllVpnInfo:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getAlwaysOnVpnPackage:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getCaptivePortalServerUrl:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getDefaultNetworkCapabilitiesForUser:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getGlobalProxy:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getLastTetherError:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getLegacyVpnInfo:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getLinkProperties:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getLinkPropertiesForType:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getMobileProvisioningUrl:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getMultipathPreference:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getNetworkCapabilities:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getNetworkForType:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getNetworkInfo:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getNetworkInfoForUid:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getNetworkWatchlistConfigHash:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getProxyForNetwork:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getRestoreDefaultNetworkDelay:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getTetherableBluetoothRegexs:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getTetherableIfaces:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getTetherableUsbRegexs:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getTetherableWifiRegexs:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getTetheredDhcpRanges:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getTetheredIfaces:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getTetheringErroredIfaces:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_getVpnConfig:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_isActiveNetworkMetered:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_isAlwaysOnVpnPackageSupported:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_isNetworkSupported:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_isTetheringSupported:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_listenForNetwork:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_pendingListenForNetwork:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_pendingRequestForNetwork:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_prepareVpn:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_registerNetworkAgent:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_registerNetworkFactory:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_releaseNetworkRequest:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_releasePendingNetworkRequest:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_removeVpnAddress:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_reportInetCondition:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_reportNetworkConnectivity:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_requestBandwidthUpdate:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_requestNetwork:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_requestRouteToHostAddress:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_setAcceptUnvalidated:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_setAirplaneMode:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_setAlwaysOnVpnPackage:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_setAvoidUnvalidated:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_setGlobalProxy:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_setProvisioningNotificationVisible:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_setUnderlyingNetworksForVpn:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_setUsbTethering:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_setVpnPackageAuthorization:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_startCaptivePortalApp:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_startLegacyVpn:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_startNattKeepalive:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_startTethering:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_stopKeepalive:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_stopTethering:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_tether:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_unregisterNetworkFactory:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_untether:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->TRANSACTION_updateLockdownVpn:I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->addVpnAddress(Ljava/lang/String;I)Z
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->checkMobileProvisioning(I)I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->establishVpn(Lcom/android/internal/net/VpnConfig;)Landroid/os/ParcelFileDescriptor;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->factoryReset()V
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->getActiveNetwork()Landroid/net/Network;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->getActiveNetworkForUid(IZ)Landroid/net/Network;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->getActiveNetworkInfoForUid(IZ)Landroid/net/NetworkInfo;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->getActiveNetworkQuotaInfo()Landroid/net/NetworkQuotaInfo;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->getAllNetworks()[Landroid/net/Network;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->getAllVpnInfo()[Lcom/android/internal/net/VpnInfo;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->getAlwaysOnVpnPackage(I)Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->getCaptivePortalServerUrl()Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->getDefaultNetworkCapabilitiesForUser(I)[Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->getGlobalProxy()Landroid/net/ProxyInfo;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->getLegacyVpnInfo(I)Lcom/android/internal/net/LegacyVpnInfo;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->getLinkProperties(Landroid/net/Network;)Landroid/net/LinkProperties;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->getLinkPropertiesForType(I)Landroid/net/LinkProperties;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->getMobileProvisioningUrl()Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->getMultipathPreference(Landroid/net/Network;)I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->getNetworkCapabilities(Landroid/net/Network;)Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->getNetworkForType(I)Landroid/net/Network;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->getNetworkInfoForUid(Landroid/net/Network;IZ)Landroid/net/NetworkInfo;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->getNetworkWatchlistConfigHash()[B
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->getProxyForNetwork(Landroid/net/Network;)Landroid/net/ProxyInfo;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->getRestoreDefaultNetworkDelay(I)I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->getTetherableBluetoothRegexs()[Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->getTetheredDhcpRanges()[Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->getVpnConfig(I)Lcom/android/internal/net/VpnConfig;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->isActiveNetworkMetered()Z
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->isAlwaysOnVpnPackageSupported(ILjava/lang/String;)Z
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->isNetworkSupported(I)Z
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->isTetheringSupported(Ljava/lang/String;)Z
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->listenForNetwork(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;Landroid/os/Messenger;Landroid/os/IBinder;)Landroid/net/NetworkRequest;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->pendingListenForNetwork(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;Landroid/app/PendingIntent;)V
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->pendingRequestForNetwork(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;Landroid/app/PendingIntent;)Landroid/net/NetworkRequest;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->prepareVpn(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;I)Z
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->registerNetworkAgent(Landroid/os/Messenger;Landroid/net/NetworkInfo;Landroid/net/LinkProperties;Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;ILandroid/net/NetworkMisc;)I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->registerNetworkFactory(Landroid/os/Messenger;Ljava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->releaseNetworkRequest(Landroid/net/NetworkRequest;)V
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->releasePendingNetworkRequest(Landroid/app/PendingIntent;)V
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->removeVpnAddress(Ljava/lang/String;I)Z
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->reportNetworkConnectivity(Landroid/net/Network;Z)V
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->requestBandwidthUpdate(Landroid/net/Network;)Z
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->requestNetwork(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;Landroid/os/Messenger;ILandroid/os/IBinder;I)Landroid/net/NetworkRequest;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->requestRouteToHostAddress(I[B)Z
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->setAcceptUnvalidated(Landroid/net/Network;ZZ)V
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->setAlwaysOnVpnPackage(ILjava/lang/String;Z)Z
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->setAvoidUnvalidated(Landroid/net/Network;)V
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->setGlobalProxy(Landroid/net/ProxyInfo;)V
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->setProvisioningNotificationVisible(ZILjava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->setUnderlyingNetworksForVpn([Landroid/net/Network;)Z
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->setUsbTethering(ZLjava/lang/String;)I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->setVpnPackageAuthorization(Ljava/lang/String;IZ)V
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->startCaptivePortalApp(Landroid/net/Network;)V
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->startNattKeepalive(Landroid/net/Network;ILandroid/os/Messenger;Landroid/os/IBinder;Ljava/lang/String;ILjava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->startTethering(ILandroid/os/ResultReceiver;ZLjava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->stopKeepalive(Landroid/net/Network;I)V
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->stopTethering(ILjava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->tether(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->unregisterNetworkFactory(Landroid/os/Messenger;)V
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->untether(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)I
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;->updateLockdownVpn()Z
+Landroid/net/IpConfiguration$IpAssignment;->DHCP:Landroid/net/IpConfiguration$IpAssignment;
+Landroid/net/IpConfiguration$IpAssignment;->UNASSIGNED:Landroid/net/IpConfiguration$IpAssignment;
+Landroid/net/IpConfiguration$IpAssignment;->valueOf(Ljava/lang/String;)Landroid/net/IpConfiguration$IpAssignment;
+Landroid/net/IpConfiguration$IpAssignment;->values()[Landroid/net/IpConfiguration$IpAssignment;
+Landroid/net/IpConfiguration$ProxySettings;->PAC:Landroid/net/IpConfiguration$ProxySettings;
+Landroid/net/IpConfiguration$ProxySettings;->STATIC:Landroid/net/IpConfiguration$ProxySettings;
+Landroid/net/IpConfiguration$ProxySettings;->UNASSIGNED:Landroid/net/IpConfiguration$ProxySettings;
+Landroid/net/IpConfiguration$ProxySettings;->valueOf(Ljava/lang/String;)Landroid/net/IpConfiguration$ProxySettings;
+Landroid/net/IpConfiguration$ProxySettings;->values()[Landroid/net/IpConfiguration$ProxySettings;
+Landroid/net/IpConfiguration;-><init>()V
+Landroid/net/IpConfiguration;-><init>(Landroid/net/IpConfiguration;)V
+Landroid/net/IpConfiguration;->CREATOR:Landroid/os/Parcelable$Creator;
+Landroid/net/IpConfiguration;->getHttpProxy()Landroid/net/ProxyInfo;
+Landroid/net/IpConfiguration;->getIpAssignment()Landroid/net/IpConfiguration$IpAssignment;
+Landroid/net/IpConfiguration;->getProxySettings()Landroid/net/IpConfiguration$ProxySettings;
+Landroid/net/IpConfiguration;->getStaticIpConfiguration()Landroid/net/StaticIpConfiguration;
+Landroid/net/IpConfiguration;->init(Landroid/net/IpConfiguration$IpAssignment;Landroid/net/IpConfiguration$ProxySettings;Landroid/net/StaticIpConfiguration;Landroid/net/ProxyInfo;)V
+Landroid/net/IpConfiguration;->ipAssignment:Landroid/net/IpConfiguration$IpAssignment;
+Landroid/net/IpConfiguration;->proxySettings:Landroid/net/IpConfiguration$ProxySettings;
+Landroid/net/IpConfiguration;->setHttpProxy(Landroid/net/ProxyInfo;)V
+Landroid/net/IpConfiguration;->setIpAssignment(Landroid/net/IpConfiguration$IpAssignment;)V
+Landroid/net/IpConfiguration;->setProxySettings(Landroid/net/IpConfiguration$ProxySettings;)V
+Landroid/net/IpConfiguration;->setStaticIpConfiguration(Landroid/net/StaticIpConfiguration;)V
+Landroid/net/IpConfiguration;->staticIpConfiguration:Landroid/net/StaticIpConfiguration;
+Landroid/net/IpConfiguration;->TAG:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IpPrefix;-><init>(Ljava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/IpPrefix;-><init>(Ljava/net/InetAddress;I)V
+Landroid/net/IpPrefix;-><init>([BI)V
+Landroid/net/IpPrefix;->address:[B
+Landroid/net/IpPrefix;->checkAndMaskAddressAndPrefixLength()V
+Landroid/net/IpPrefix;->containsPrefix(Landroid/net/IpPrefix;)Z
+Landroid/net/IpPrefix;->isIPv4()Z
+Landroid/net/IpPrefix;->isIPv6()Z
+Landroid/net/IpPrefix;->lengthComparator()Ljava/util/Comparator;
+Landroid/net/IpPrefix;->prefixLength:I
+Landroid/net/KeepalivePacketData$InvalidPacketException;-><init>(I)V
+Landroid/net/KeepalivePacketData$InvalidPacketException;->error:I
+Landroid/net/KeepalivePacketData;-><init>(Landroid/os/Parcel;)V
+Landroid/net/KeepalivePacketData;-><init>(Ljava/net/InetAddress;ILjava/net/InetAddress;I[B)V
+Landroid/net/KeepalivePacketData;->CREATOR:Landroid/os/Parcelable$Creator;
+Landroid/net/KeepalivePacketData;->dstAddress:Ljava/net/InetAddress;
+Landroid/net/KeepalivePacketData;->dstPort:I
+Landroid/net/KeepalivePacketData;->getPacket()[B
+Landroid/net/KeepalivePacketData;->IPV4_HEADER_LENGTH:I
+Landroid/net/KeepalivePacketData;->mPacket:[B
+Landroid/net/KeepalivePacketData;->nattKeepalivePacket(Ljava/net/InetAddress;ILjava/net/InetAddress;I)Landroid/net/KeepalivePacketData;
+Landroid/net/KeepalivePacketData;->srcAddress:Ljava/net/InetAddress;
+Landroid/net/KeepalivePacketData;->srcPort:I
+Landroid/net/KeepalivePacketData;->TAG:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/KeepalivePacketData;->UDP_HEADER_LENGTH:I
+Landroid/net/LinkAddress;-><init>(Ljava/lang/String;II)V
+Landroid/net/LinkAddress;-><init>(Ljava/net/InetAddress;III)V
+Landroid/net/LinkAddress;-><init>(Ljava/net/InterfaceAddress;)V
+Landroid/net/LinkAddress;->flags:I
+Landroid/net/LinkAddress;->init(Ljava/net/InetAddress;III)V
+Landroid/net/LinkAddress;->isGlobalPreferred()Z
+Landroid/net/LinkAddress;->isIPv4()Z
+Landroid/net/LinkAddress;->isIPv6ULA()Z
+Landroid/net/LinkAddress;->scope:I
+Landroid/net/LinkAddress;->scopeForUnicastAddress(Ljava/net/InetAddress;)I
+Landroid/net/LinkProperties$CompareResult;-><init>()V
+Landroid/net/LinkProperties$CompareResult;-><init>(Ljava/util/Collection;Ljava/util/Collection;)V
+Landroid/net/LinkProperties$CompareResult;->added:Ljava/util/List;
+Landroid/net/LinkProperties$CompareResult;->removed:Ljava/util/List;
+Landroid/net/LinkProperties$ProvisioningChange;->valueOf(Ljava/lang/String;)Landroid/net/LinkProperties$ProvisioningChange;
+Landroid/net/LinkProperties;->addValidatedPrivateDnsServer(Ljava/net/InetAddress;)Z
+Landroid/net/LinkProperties;->compareAddresses(Landroid/net/LinkProperties;)Landroid/net/LinkProperties$CompareResult;
+Landroid/net/LinkProperties;->compareAllInterfaceNames(Landroid/net/LinkProperties;)Landroid/net/LinkProperties$CompareResult;
+Landroid/net/LinkProperties;->compareAllRoutes(Landroid/net/LinkProperties;)Landroid/net/LinkProperties$CompareResult;
+Landroid/net/LinkProperties;->compareDnses(Landroid/net/LinkProperties;)Landroid/net/LinkProperties$CompareResult;
+Landroid/net/LinkProperties;->compareValidatedPrivateDnses(Landroid/net/LinkProperties;)Landroid/net/LinkProperties$CompareResult;
+Landroid/net/LinkProperties;->ensureDirectlyConnectedRoutes()V
+Landroid/net/LinkProperties;->findLinkAddressIndex(Landroid/net/LinkAddress;)I
+Landroid/net/LinkProperties;->getValidatedPrivateDnsServers()Ljava/util/List;
+Landroid/net/LinkProperties;->hasIPv4AddressOnInterface(Ljava/lang/String;)Z
+Landroid/net/LinkProperties;->isIdenticalMtu(Landroid/net/LinkProperties;)Z
+Landroid/net/LinkProperties;->isIdenticalPrivateDns(Landroid/net/LinkProperties;)Z
+Landroid/net/LinkProperties;->isIdenticalTcpBufferSizes(Landroid/net/LinkProperties;)Z
+Landroid/net/LinkProperties;->isIdenticalValidatedPrivateDnses(Landroid/net/LinkProperties;)Z
+Landroid/net/LinkProperties;->isIPv4Provisioned()Z
+Landroid/net/LinkProperties;->isValidMtu(IZ)Z
+Landroid/net/LinkProperties;->MAX_MTU:I
+Landroid/net/LinkProperties;->mDnses:Ljava/util/ArrayList;
+Landroid/net/LinkProperties;->mDomains:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/LinkProperties;->mHttpProxy:Landroid/net/ProxyInfo;
+Landroid/net/LinkProperties;->MIN_MTU:I
+Landroid/net/LinkProperties;->MIN_MTU_V6:I
+Landroid/net/LinkProperties;->mLinkAddresses:Ljava/util/ArrayList;
+Landroid/net/LinkProperties;->mMtu:I
+Landroid/net/LinkProperties;->mPrivateDnsServerName:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/LinkProperties;->mRoutes:Ljava/util/ArrayList;
+Landroid/net/LinkProperties;->mStackedLinks:Ljava/util/Hashtable;
+Landroid/net/LinkProperties;->mTcpBufferSizes:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/LinkProperties;->mUsePrivateDns:Z
+Landroid/net/LinkProperties;->mValidatedPrivateDnses:Ljava/util/ArrayList;
+Landroid/net/LinkProperties;->removeLinkAddress(Landroid/net/LinkAddress;)Z
+Landroid/net/LinkProperties;->removeStackedLink(Ljava/lang/String;)Z
+Landroid/net/LinkProperties;->removeValidatedPrivateDnsServer(Ljava/net/InetAddress;)Z
+Landroid/net/LinkProperties;->routeWithInterface(Landroid/net/RouteInfo;)Landroid/net/RouteInfo;
+Landroid/net/LinkProperties;->setPrivateDnsServerName(Ljava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/LinkProperties;->setUsePrivateDns(Z)V
+Landroid/net/LinkProperties;->setValidatedPrivateDnsServers(Ljava/util/Collection;)V
+Landroid/net/MacAddress;-><init>(J)V
+Landroid/net/MacAddress;->BASE_GOOGLE_MAC:Landroid/net/MacAddress;
+Landroid/net/MacAddress;->byteAddrFromLongAddr(J)[B
+Landroid/net/MacAddress;->byteAddrFromStringAddr(Ljava/lang/String;)[B
+Landroid/net/MacAddress;->createRandomUnicastAddress()Landroid/net/MacAddress;
+Landroid/net/MacAddress;->createRandomUnicastAddress(Landroid/net/MacAddress;Ljava/util/Random;)Landroid/net/MacAddress;
+Landroid/net/MacAddress;->createRandomUnicastAddressWithGoogleBase()Landroid/net/MacAddress;
+Landroid/net/MacAddress;->ETHER_ADDR_BROADCAST:[B
+Landroid/net/MacAddress;->ETHER_ADDR_LEN:I
+Landroid/net/MacAddress;->isMacAddress([B)Z
+Landroid/net/MacAddress;->isMulticastAddress()Z
+Landroid/net/MacAddress;->LOCALLY_ASSIGNED_MASK:J
+Landroid/net/MacAddress;->longAddrFromByteAddr([B)J
+Landroid/net/MacAddress;->longAddrFromStringAddr(Ljava/lang/String;)J
+Landroid/net/MacAddress;->macAddressType([B)I
+Landroid/net/MacAddress;->mAddr:J
+Landroid/net/MacAddress;->MULTICAST_MASK:J
+Landroid/net/MacAddress;->NIC_MASK:J
+Landroid/net/MacAddress;->OUI_MASK:J
+Landroid/net/MacAddress;->stringAddrFromByteAddr([B)Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/MacAddress;->stringAddrFromLongAddr(J)Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/MacAddress;->TYPE_UNKNOWN:I
+Landroid/net/MacAddress;->VALID_LONG_MASK:J
+Landroid/net/Network$NetworkBoundSocketFactory;->connectToHost(Ljava/lang/String;ILjava/net/SocketAddress;)Ljava/net/Socket;
+Landroid/net/Network$NetworkBoundSocketFactory;->mNetId:I
+Landroid/net/Network;-><init>(Landroid/net/Network;)V
+Landroid/net/Network;->getNetIdForResolv()I
+Landroid/net/Network;->HANDLE_MAGIC:J
+Landroid/net/Network;->HANDLE_MAGIC_SIZE:I
+Landroid/net/Network;->httpKeepAlive:Z
+Landroid/net/Network;->httpKeepAliveDurationMs:J
+Landroid/net/Network;->httpMaxConnections:I
+Landroid/net/Network;->maybeInitUrlConnectionFactory()V
+Landroid/net/Network;->mLock:Ljava/lang/Object;
+Landroid/net/Network;->mNetworkBoundSocketFactory:Landroid/net/Network$NetworkBoundSocketFactory;
+Landroid/net/Network;->mPrivateDnsBypass:Z
+Landroid/net/Network;->mUrlConnectionFactory:Lcom/android/okhttp/internalandroidapi/HttpURLConnectionFactory;
+Landroid/net/Network;->setPrivateDnsBypass(Z)V
+Landroid/net/Network;->writeToProto(Landroid/util/proto/ProtoOutputStream;J)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;-><init>(Landroid/os/Looper;Landroid/content/Context;Ljava/lang/String;Landroid/net/NetworkInfo;Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;Landroid/net/LinkProperties;I)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;-><init>(Landroid/os/Looper;Landroid/content/Context;Ljava/lang/String;Landroid/net/NetworkInfo;Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;Landroid/net/LinkProperties;ILandroid/net/NetworkMisc;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->BASE:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->BW_REFRESH_MIN_WIN_MS:J
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->CMD_PREVENT_AUTOMATIC_RECONNECT:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->CMD_REPORT_NETWORK_STATUS:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->CMD_REQUEST_BANDWIDTH_UPDATE:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->CMD_SAVE_ACCEPT_UNVALIDATED:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->CMD_SET_SIGNAL_STRENGTH_THRESHOLDS:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->CMD_START_PACKET_KEEPALIVE:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->CMD_STOP_PACKET_KEEPALIVE:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->CMD_SUSPECT_BAD:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->DBG:Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->EVENT_NETWORK_CAPABILITIES_CHANGED:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->EVENT_NETWORK_INFO_CHANGED:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->EVENT_NETWORK_PROPERTIES_CHANGED:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->EVENT_NETWORK_SCORE_CHANGED:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->EVENT_PACKET_KEEPALIVE:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->EVENT_SET_EXPLICITLY_SELECTED:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->explicitlySelected(Z)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->INVALID_NETWORK:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->log(Ljava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->LOG_TAG:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->mAsyncChannel:Lcom/android/internal/util/AsyncChannel;
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->mContext:Landroid/content/Context;
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->mLastBwRefreshTime:J
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->mPollLcePending:Ljava/util/concurrent/atomic/AtomicBoolean;
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->mPollLceScheduled:Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->mPreConnectedQueue:Ljava/util/ArrayList;
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->netId:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->networkStatus(ILjava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->onPacketKeepaliveEvent(II)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->pollLceData()V
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->preventAutomaticReconnect()V
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->queueOrSendMessage(III)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->queueOrSendMessage(IIILjava/lang/Object;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->queueOrSendMessage(ILjava/lang/Object;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->queueOrSendMessage(Landroid/os/Message;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->REDIRECT_URL_KEY:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->saveAcceptUnvalidated(Z)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->sendLinkProperties(Landroid/net/LinkProperties;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->sendNetworkCapabilities(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->sendNetworkScore(I)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->setSignalStrengthThresholds([I)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->startPacketKeepalive(Landroid/os/Message;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->stopPacketKeepalive(Landroid/os/Message;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->unwanted()V
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->VALID_NETWORK:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->VDBG:Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkAgent;->WIFI_BASE_SCORE:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkBadging;-><init>()V
+Landroid/net/NetworkBadging;->getBadgedWifiSignalResource(I)I
+Landroid/net/NetworkBadging;->getWifiSignalResource(I)I
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities$NameOf;->nameOf(I)Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->addUnwantedCapability(I)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->appendStringRepresentationOfBitMaskToStringBuilder(Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;JLandroid/net/NetworkCapabilities$NameOf;Ljava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->appliesToUid(I)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->appliesToUidRange(Landroid/net/UidRange;)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->capabilityNameOf(I)Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->capabilityNamesOf([I)Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->checkValidCapability(I)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->checkValidTransportType(I)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->clearAll()V
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->combineCapabilities(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->combineLinkBandwidths(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->combineNetCapabilities(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->combineSignalStrength(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->combineSpecifiers(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->combineSSIDs(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->combineTransportTypes(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->combineUids(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->DEFAULT_CAPABILITIES:J
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->describeFirstNonRequestableCapability()Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->describeImmutableDifferences(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;)Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->equalRequestableCapabilities(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->equalsLinkBandwidths(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->equalsNetCapabilities(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->equalsNetCapabilitiesRequestable(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->equalsSignalStrength(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->equalsSpecifier(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->equalsSSID(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->equalsTransportTypes(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->equalsUids(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->FORCE_RESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES:J
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->getSSID()Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->getUids()Ljava/util/Set;
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->getUnwantedCapabilities()[I
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->hasUnwantedCapability(I)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->INVALID_UID:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->isValidCapability(I)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->isValidTransport(I)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->LINK_BANDWIDTH_UNSPECIFIED:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->maxBandwidth(II)I
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->MAX_NET_CAPABILITY:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->MAX_TRANSPORT:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->maybeMarkCapabilitiesRestricted()V
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->mEstablishingVpnAppUid:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->minBandwidth(II)I
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->MIN_NET_CAPABILITY:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->MIN_TRANSPORT:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->mLinkDownBandwidthKbps:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->mLinkUpBandwidthKbps:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->mNetworkSpecifier:Landroid/net/NetworkSpecifier;
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->mSSID:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->mTransportTypes:J
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->mUids:Landroid/util/ArraySet;
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->mUnwantedNetworkCapabilities:J
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->MUTABLE_CAPABILITIES:J
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->NON_REQUESTABLE_CAPABILITIES:J
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->removeTransportType(I)Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->RESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES:J
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->satisfiedByImmutableNetworkCapabilities(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->satisfiedByLinkBandwidths(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->satisfiedByNetCapabilities(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;Z)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;Z)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->satisfiedBySignalStrength(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->satisfiedBySpecifier(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->satisfiedBySSID(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->satisfiedByTransportTypes(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->satisfiedByUids(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->set(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->setCapabilities([I)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->setCapabilities([I[I)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->setCapability(IZ)Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->setEstablishingVpnAppUid(I)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->setLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps(I)Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->setLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps(I)Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->setNetworkSpecifier(Landroid/net/NetworkSpecifier;)Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->setSingleUid(I)Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->setSSID(Ljava/lang/String;)Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->setTransportType(IZ)Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->setTransportTypes([I)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->setUids(Ljava/util/Set;)Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->SIGNAL_STRENGTH_UNSPECIFIED:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->TAG:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->transportNameOf(I)Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->TRANSPORT_NAMES:[Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->UNRESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES:J
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;->writeToProto(Landroid/util/proto/ProtoOutputStream;J)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilitiesProto;-><init>()V
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilitiesProto;->CAN_REPORT_SIGNAL_STRENGTH:J
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilitiesProto;->CAPABILITIES:J
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilitiesProto;->LINK_DOWN_BANDWIDTH_KBPS:J
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilitiesProto;->LINK_UP_BANDWIDTH_KBPS:J
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilitiesProto;->NETWORK_SPECIFIER:J
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilitiesProto;->NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilitiesProto;->NET_CAPABILITY_CBS:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilitiesProto;->NET_CAPABILITY_DUN:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilitiesProto;->NET_CAPABILITY_EIMS:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilitiesProto;->NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilitiesProto;->NET_CAPABILITY_FOTA:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilitiesProto;->NET_CAPABILITY_IA:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilitiesProto;->NET_CAPABILITY_IMS:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilitiesProto;->NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilitiesProto;->NET_CAPABILITY_MMS:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilitiesProto;->NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilitiesProto;->NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilitiesProto;->NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilitiesProto;->NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilitiesProto;->NET_CAPABILITY_RCS:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilitiesProto;->NET_CAPABILITY_SUPL:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilitiesProto;->NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilitiesProto;->NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilitiesProto;->NET_CAPABILITY_WIFI_P2P:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilitiesProto;->NET_CAPABILITY_XCAP:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilitiesProto;->SIGNAL_STRENGTH:J
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilitiesProto;->TRANSPORTS:J
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilitiesProto;->TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilitiesProto;->TRANSPORT_CELLULAR:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilitiesProto;->TRANSPORT_ETHERNET:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilitiesProto;->TRANSPORT_LOWPAN:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilitiesProto;->TRANSPORT_VPN:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilitiesProto;->TRANSPORT_WIFI:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilitiesProto;->TRANSPORT_WIFI_AWARE:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkConfig;-><init>(Ljava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkConfig;->dependencyMet:Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkConfig;->isDefault()Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkConfig;->name:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkConfig;->priority:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkConfig;->radio:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkConfig;->restoreTime:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkConfig;->type:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkFactory$NetworkRequestInfo;->request:Landroid/net/NetworkRequest;
+Landroid/net/NetworkFactory$NetworkRequestInfo;->requested:Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkFactory$NetworkRequestInfo;->score:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkFactory;->acceptRequest(Landroid/net/NetworkRequest;I)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkFactory;->addNetworkRequest(Landroid/net/NetworkRequest;I)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkFactory;->BASE:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkFactory;->CMD_CANCEL_REQUEST:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkFactory;->CMD_REQUEST_NETWORK:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkFactory;->CMD_SET_FILTER:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkFactory;->CMD_SET_SCORE:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkFactory;->DBG:Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkFactory;->evalRequest(Landroid/net/NetworkFactory$NetworkRequestInfo;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkFactory;->evalRequests()V
+Landroid/net/NetworkFactory;->getRequestCount()I
+Landroid/net/NetworkFactory;->handleAddRequest(Landroid/net/NetworkRequest;I)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkFactory;->handleRemoveRequest(Landroid/net/NetworkRequest;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkFactory;->handleSetFilter(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkFactory;->handleSetScore(I)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkFactory;->log(Ljava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkFactory;->LOG_TAG:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkFactory;->mCapabilityFilter:Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;
+Landroid/net/NetworkFactory;->mContext:Landroid/content/Context;
+Landroid/net/NetworkFactory;->mMessenger:Landroid/os/Messenger;
+Landroid/net/NetworkFactory;->mNetworkRequests:Landroid/util/SparseArray;
+Landroid/net/NetworkFactory;->mRefCount:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkFactory;->mScore:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkFactory;->needNetworkFor(Landroid/net/NetworkRequest;I)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkFactory;->reevaluateAllRequests()V
+Landroid/net/NetworkFactory;->register()V
+Landroid/net/NetworkFactory;->releaseNetworkFor(Landroid/net/NetworkRequest;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkFactory;->removeNetworkRequest(Landroid/net/NetworkRequest;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkFactory;->setCapabilityFilter(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkFactory;->startNetwork()V
+Landroid/net/NetworkFactory;->stopNetwork()V
+Landroid/net/NetworkFactory;->unregister()V
+Landroid/net/NetworkFactory;->VDBG:Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkIdentity;-><init>(IILjava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;ZZZ)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkIdentity;->buildNetworkIdentity(Landroid/content/Context;Landroid/net/NetworkState;Z)Landroid/net/NetworkIdentity;
+Landroid/net/NetworkIdentity;->COMBINE_SUBTYPE_ENABLED:Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkIdentity;->compareTo(Landroid/net/NetworkIdentity;)I
+Landroid/net/NetworkIdentity;->getDefaultNetwork()Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkIdentity;->getMetered()Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkIdentity;->getNetworkId()Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkIdentity;->getRoaming()Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkIdentity;->getSubscriberId()Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkIdentity;->getSubType()I
+Landroid/net/NetworkIdentity;->getType()I
+Landroid/net/NetworkIdentity;->mDefaultNetwork:Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkIdentity;->mMetered:Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkIdentity;->mNetworkId:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkIdentity;->mRoaming:Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkIdentity;->mSubscriberId:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkIdentity;->mSubType:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkIdentity;->mType:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkIdentity;->scrubSubscriberId(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkIdentity;->scrubSubscriberId([Ljava/lang/String;)[Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkIdentity;->SUBTYPE_COMBINED:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkIdentity;->TAG:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkIdentity;->writeToProto(Landroid/util/proto/ProtoOutputStream;J)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkInfo;->mDetailedState:Landroid/net/NetworkInfo$DetailedState;
+Landroid/net/NetworkInfo;->mExtraInfo:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkInfo;->mIsAvailable:Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkInfo;->mIsFailover:Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkInfo;->mIsRoaming:Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkInfo;->mNetworkType:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkInfo;->mReason:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkInfo;->mState:Landroid/net/NetworkInfo$State;
+Landroid/net/NetworkInfo;->mSubtype:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkInfo;->mSubtypeName:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkInfo;->mTypeName:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkInfo;->setExtraInfo(Ljava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkInfo;->setType(I)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkInfo;->stateMap:Ljava/util/EnumMap;
+Landroid/net/NetworkKey;-><init>(Landroid/os/Parcel;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkKey;->createFromScanResult(Landroid/net/wifi/ScanResult;)Landroid/net/NetworkKey;
+Landroid/net/NetworkKey;->createFromWifiInfo(Landroid/net/wifi/WifiInfo;)Landroid/net/NetworkKey;
+Landroid/net/NetworkKey;->TAG:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkMisc;-><init>()V
+Landroid/net/NetworkMisc;-><init>(Landroid/net/NetworkMisc;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkMisc;->acceptUnvalidated:Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkMisc;->allowBypass:Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkMisc;->CREATOR:Landroid/os/Parcelable$Creator;
+Landroid/net/NetworkMisc;->explicitlySelected:Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkMisc;->provisioningNotificationDisabled:Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkMisc;->subscriberId:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicy;-><init>(Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;ILjava/lang/String;JJZ)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicy;-><init>(Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;Landroid/util/RecurrenceRule;JJJJJZZ)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicy;-><init>(Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;Landroid/util/RecurrenceRule;JJJJZZ)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicy;-><init>(Landroid/os/Parcel;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicy;->buildRule(ILjava/time/ZoneId;)Landroid/util/RecurrenceRule;
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicy;->cycleIterator()Ljava/util/Iterator;
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicy;->cycleRule:Landroid/util/RecurrenceRule;
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicy;->CYCLE_NONE:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicy;->DEFAULT_MTU:J
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicy;->getBytesForBackup()[B
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicy;->getNetworkPolicyFromBackup(Ljava/io/DataInputStream;)Landroid/net/NetworkPolicy;
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicy;->hasCycle()Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicy;->lastLimitSnooze:J
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicy;->lastRapidSnooze:J
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicy;->lastWarningSnooze:J
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicy;->LIMIT_DISABLED:J
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicy;->SNOOZE_NEVER:J
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicy;->VERSION_INIT:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicy;->VERSION_RAPID:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicy;->VERSION_RULE:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicy;->WARNING_DISABLED:J
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager$Listener;-><init>()V
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager$Listener;->onMeteredIfacesChanged([Ljava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager$Listener;->onRestrictBackgroundChanged(Z)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager$Listener;->onSubscriptionOverride(III)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager$Listener;->onUidPoliciesChanged(II)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager$Listener;->onUidRulesChanged(II)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;-><init>(Landroid/content/Context;Landroid/net/INetworkPolicyManager;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;->addUidPolicy(II)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;->ALLOW_PLATFORM_APP_POLICY:Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;->cycleIterator(Landroid/net/NetworkPolicy;)Ljava/util/Iterator;
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;->EXTRA_NETWORK_TEMPLATE:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;->factoryReset(Ljava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;->FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;->FIREWALL_CHAIN_NAME_DOZABLE:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;->FIREWALL_CHAIN_NAME_NONE:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;->FIREWALL_CHAIN_NAME_POWERSAVE:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;->FIREWALL_CHAIN_NAME_STANDBY:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;->FIREWALL_CHAIN_NONE:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;->FIREWALL_CHAIN_POWERSAVE:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;->FIREWALL_CHAIN_STANDBY:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;->FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;->FIREWALL_RULE_DEFAULT:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;->FIREWALL_RULE_DENY:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;->FIREWALL_TYPE_BLACKLIST:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;->FIREWALL_TYPE_WHITELIST:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;->FOREGROUND_THRESHOLD_STATE:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;->isProcStateAllowedWhileIdleOrPowerSaveMode(I)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;->isProcStateAllowedWhileOnRestrictBackground(I)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;->isUidValidForPolicy(Landroid/content/Context;I)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;->MASK_ALL_NETWORKS:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;->MASK_METERED_NETWORKS:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;->mContext:Landroid/content/Context;
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;->OVERRIDE_CONGESTED:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;->OVERRIDE_UNMETERED:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;->POLICY_ALLOW_METERED_BACKGROUND:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;->POLICY_NONE:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;->POLICY_REJECT_METERED_BACKGROUND:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;->removeUidPolicy(II)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;->resolveNetworkId(Landroid/net/wifi/WifiConfiguration;)Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;->resolveNetworkId(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;->RULE_ALLOW_ALL:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;->RULE_ALLOW_METERED:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;->RULE_NONE:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;->RULE_REJECT_ALL:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;->RULE_REJECT_METERED:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;->RULE_TEMPORARY_ALLOW_METERED:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;->setNetworkPolicies([Landroid/net/NetworkPolicy;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;->uidPoliciesToString(I)Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkPolicyManager;->uidRulesToString(I)Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkProto;-><init>()V
+Landroid/net/NetworkProto;->NET_ID:J
+Landroid/net/NetworkQuotaInfo;-><init>()V
+Landroid/net/NetworkQuotaInfo;-><init>(Landroid/os/Parcel;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkQuotaInfo;->NO_LIMIT:J
+Landroid/net/NetworkRecommendationProvider$ServiceWrapper;->enforceCallingPermission()V
+Landroid/net/NetworkRecommendationProvider$ServiceWrapper;->execute(Ljava/lang/Runnable;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkRecommendationProvider$ServiceWrapper;->mContext:Landroid/content/Context;
+Landroid/net/NetworkRecommendationProvider$ServiceWrapper;->mExecutor:Ljava/util/concurrent/Executor;
+Landroid/net/NetworkRecommendationProvider$ServiceWrapper;->mHandler:Landroid/os/Handler;
+Landroid/net/NetworkRecommendationProvider$ServiceWrapper;->requestScores([Landroid/net/NetworkKey;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkRecommendationProvider;->mService:Landroid/os/IBinder;
+Landroid/net/NetworkRecommendationProvider;->TAG:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkRecommendationProvider;->VERBOSE:Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkRequest$Builder;->addUnwantedCapability(I)Landroid/net/NetworkRequest$Builder;
+Landroid/net/NetworkRequest$Builder;->mNetworkCapabilities:Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;
+Landroid/net/NetworkRequest$Builder;->setCapabilities(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;)Landroid/net/NetworkRequest$Builder;
+Landroid/net/NetworkRequest$Builder;->setLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps(I)Landroid/net/NetworkRequest$Builder;
+Landroid/net/NetworkRequest$Builder;->setLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps(I)Landroid/net/NetworkRequest$Builder;
+Landroid/net/NetworkRequest$Builder;->setUids(Ljava/util/Set;)Landroid/net/NetworkRequest$Builder;
+Landroid/net/NetworkRequest$Type;->BACKGROUND_REQUEST:Landroid/net/NetworkRequest$Type;
+Landroid/net/NetworkRequest$Type;->LISTEN:Landroid/net/NetworkRequest$Type;
+Landroid/net/NetworkRequest$Type;->NONE:Landroid/net/NetworkRequest$Type;
+Landroid/net/NetworkRequest$Type;->REQUEST:Landroid/net/NetworkRequest$Type;
+Landroid/net/NetworkRequest$Type;->TRACK_DEFAULT:Landroid/net/NetworkRequest$Type;
+Landroid/net/NetworkRequest$Type;->valueOf(Ljava/lang/String;)Landroid/net/NetworkRequest$Type;
+Landroid/net/NetworkRequest$Type;->values()[Landroid/net/NetworkRequest$Type;
+Landroid/net/NetworkRequest;-><init>(Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;IILandroid/net/NetworkRequest$Type;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkRequest;-><init>(Landroid/net/NetworkRequest;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkRequest;->hasUnwantedCapability(I)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkRequest;->isBackgroundRequest()Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkRequest;->isForegroundRequest()Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkRequest;->isListen()Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkRequest;->isRequest()Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkRequest;->type:Landroid/net/NetworkRequest$Type;
+Landroid/net/NetworkRequest;->typeToProtoEnum(Landroid/net/NetworkRequest$Type;)I
+Landroid/net/NetworkRequest;->writeToProto(Landroid/util/proto/ProtoOutputStream;J)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkRequestProto;-><init>()V
+Landroid/net/NetworkRequestProto;->LEGACY_TYPE:J
+Landroid/net/NetworkRequestProto;->NETWORK_CAPABILITIES:J
+Landroid/net/NetworkRequestProto;->REQUEST_ID:J
+Landroid/net/NetworkRequestProto;->TYPE:J
+Landroid/net/NetworkRequestProto;->TYPE_BACKGROUND_REQUEST:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkRequestProto;->TYPE_LISTEN:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkRequestProto;->TYPE_NONE:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkRequestProto;->TYPE_REQUEST:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkRequestProto;->TYPE_TRACK_DEFAULT:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkRequestProto;->TYPE_UNKNOWN:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkScoreManager;-><init>(Landroid/content/Context;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkScoreManager;->CACHE_FILTER_CURRENT_NETWORK:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkScoreManager;->CACHE_FILTER_NONE:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkScoreManager;->CACHE_FILTER_SCAN_RESULTS:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkScoreManager;->getActiveScorer()Landroid/net/NetworkScorerAppData;
+Landroid/net/NetworkScoreManager;->getAllValidScorers()Ljava/util/List;
+Landroid/net/NetworkScoreManager;->isCallerActiveScorer(I)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkScoreManager;->mContext:Landroid/content/Context;
+Landroid/net/NetworkScoreManager;->mService:Landroid/net/INetworkScoreService;
+Landroid/net/NetworkScoreManager;->NETWORK_AVAILABLE_NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_ID_META_DATA:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkScoreManager;->RECOMMENDATIONS_ENABLED_FORCED_OFF:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkScoreManager;->RECOMMENDATIONS_ENABLED_OFF:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkScoreManager;->RECOMMENDATIONS_ENABLED_ON:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkScoreManager;->RECOMMENDATION_SERVICE_LABEL_META_DATA:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkScoreManager;->registerNetworkScoreCache(ILandroid/net/INetworkScoreCache;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkScoreManager;->registerNetworkScoreCache(ILandroid/net/INetworkScoreCache;I)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkScoreManager;->requestScores([Landroid/net/NetworkKey;)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkScoreManager;->unregisterNetworkScoreCache(ILandroid/net/INetworkScoreCache;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkScoreManager;->USE_OPEN_WIFI_PACKAGE_META_DATA:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkScorerAppData;-><init>(ILandroid/content/ComponentName;Ljava/lang/String;Landroid/content/ComponentName;Ljava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkScorerAppData;-><init>(Landroid/os/Parcel;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkScorerAppData;->CREATOR:Landroid/os/Parcelable$Creator;
+Landroid/net/NetworkScorerAppData;->getEnableUseOpenWifiActivity()Landroid/content/ComponentName;
+Landroid/net/NetworkScorerAppData;->getNetworkAvailableNotificationChannelId()Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkScorerAppData;->getRecommendationServiceComponent()Landroid/content/ComponentName;
+Landroid/net/NetworkScorerAppData;->getRecommendationServiceLabel()Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkScorerAppData;->getRecommendationServicePackageName()Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkScorerAppData;->mEnableUseOpenWifiActivity:Landroid/content/ComponentName;
+Landroid/net/NetworkScorerAppData;->mNetworkAvailableNotificationChannelId:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkScorerAppData;->mRecommendationService:Landroid/content/ComponentName;
+Landroid/net/NetworkScorerAppData;->mRecommendationServiceLabel:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkScorerAppData;->packageUid:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkSpecifier;-><init>()V
+Landroid/net/NetworkSpecifier;->assertValidFromUid(I)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkSpecifier;->satisfiedBy(Landroid/net/NetworkSpecifier;)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkState;-><init>(Landroid/net/NetworkInfo;Landroid/net/LinkProperties;Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;Landroid/net/Network;Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkState;->EMPTY:Landroid/net/NetworkState;
+Landroid/net/NetworkState;->linkProperties:Landroid/net/LinkProperties;
+Landroid/net/NetworkState;->networkCapabilities:Landroid/net/NetworkCapabilities;
+Landroid/net/NetworkState;->networkId:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkState;->networkInfo:Landroid/net/NetworkInfo;
+Landroid/net/NetworkState;->SANITY_CHECK_ROAMING:Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkState;->subscriberId:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats$Entry;-><init>(JJJJJ)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats$Entry;-><init>(Ljava/lang/String;IIIIIIJJJJJ)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats$Entry;-><init>(Ljava/lang/String;IIIJJJJJ)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats$Entry;->add(Landroid/net/NetworkStats$Entry;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats$Entry;->defaultNetwork:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats$Entry;->isEmpty()Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats$Entry;->isNegative()Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats$Entry;->metered:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats$Entry;->operations:J
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats$Entry;->roaming:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats$NonMonotonicObserver;->foundNonMonotonic(Landroid/net/NetworkStats;ILandroid/net/NetworkStats;ILjava/lang/Object;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats$NonMonotonicObserver;->foundNonMonotonic(Landroid/net/NetworkStats;ILjava/lang/Object;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->addIfaceValues(Ljava/lang/String;JJJJ)Landroid/net/NetworkStats;
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->addTrafficToApplications(ILjava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;Landroid/net/NetworkStats$Entry;Landroid/net/NetworkStats$Entry;)Landroid/net/NetworkStats$Entry;
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->addValues(Landroid/net/NetworkStats$Entry;)Landroid/net/NetworkStats;
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->addValues(Ljava/lang/String;IIIIIIJJJJJ)Landroid/net/NetworkStats;
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->addValues(Ljava/lang/String;IIIJJJJJ)Landroid/net/NetworkStats;
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->apply464xlatAdjustments(Landroid/net/NetworkStats;Landroid/net/NetworkStats;Ljava/util/Map;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->apply464xlatAdjustments(Ljava/util/Map;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->CLATD_INTERFACE_PREFIX:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->clear()V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->combineValues(Ljava/lang/String;IIIJJJJJ)Landroid/net/NetworkStats;
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->combineValues(Ljava/lang/String;IIJJJJJ)Landroid/net/NetworkStats;
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->deductTrafficFromVpnApp(ILjava/lang/String;Landroid/net/NetworkStats$Entry;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->defaultNetworkToString(I)Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->dump(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/io/PrintWriter;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->elapsedRealtime:J
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->filter(I[Ljava/lang/String;I)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->findIndex(Ljava/lang/String;IIIIII)I
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->findIndexHinted(Ljava/lang/String;IIIIIII)I
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->getElapsedRealtime()J
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->getElapsedRealtimeAge()J
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->getTotal(Landroid/net/NetworkStats$Entry;Ljava/util/HashSet;)Landroid/net/NetworkStats$Entry;
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->getTotal(Landroid/net/NetworkStats$Entry;Ljava/util/HashSet;IZ)Landroid/net/NetworkStats$Entry;
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->getTotalPackets()J
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->getUniqueIfaces()[Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->groupedByIface()Landroid/net/NetworkStats;
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->groupedByUid()Landroid/net/NetworkStats;
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->IFACE_ALL:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->INTERFACES_ALL:[Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->internalSize()I
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->IPV4V6_HEADER_DELTA:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->meteredToString(I)Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->METERED_ALL:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->METERED_NO:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->METERED_YES:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->migrateTun(ILjava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->roamingToString(I)Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->ROAMING_ALL:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->ROAMING_NO:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->ROAMING_YES:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->setElapsedRealtime(J)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->setMatches(II)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->setToCheckinString(I)Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->setToString(I)Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->setValues(ILandroid/net/NetworkStats$Entry;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->SET_ALL:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->SET_DBG_VPN_IN:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->SET_DBG_VPN_OUT:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->SET_DEBUG_START:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->SET_DEFAULT:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->SET_FOREGROUND:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->spliceOperationsFrom(Landroid/net/NetworkStats;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->STATS_PER_IFACE:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->STATS_PER_UID:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->subtract(Landroid/net/NetworkStats;)Landroid/net/NetworkStats;
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->subtract(Landroid/net/NetworkStats;Landroid/net/NetworkStats;Landroid/net/NetworkStats$NonMonotonicObserver;Ljava/lang/Object;)Landroid/net/NetworkStats;
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->subtract(Landroid/net/NetworkStats;Landroid/net/NetworkStats;Landroid/net/NetworkStats$NonMonotonicObserver;Ljava/lang/Object;Landroid/net/NetworkStats;)Landroid/net/NetworkStats;
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->TAG:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->tagToString(I)Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->TAG_ALL:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->TAG_NONE:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->tunAdjustmentInit(ILjava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;Landroid/net/NetworkStats$Entry;Landroid/net/NetworkStats$Entry;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->tunGetPool(Landroid/net/NetworkStats$Entry;Landroid/net/NetworkStats$Entry;)Landroid/net/NetworkStats$Entry;
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->tunSubtract(ILandroid/net/NetworkStats;Landroid/net/NetworkStats$Entry;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->UID_ALL:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkStats;->withoutUids([I)Landroid/net/NetworkStats;
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory$DataStreamUtils;-><init>()V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory$DataStreamUtils;->readFullLongArray(Ljava/io/DataInputStream;)[J
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory$DataStreamUtils;->readVarLong(Ljava/io/DataInputStream;)J
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory$DataStreamUtils;->readVarLongArray(Ljava/io/DataInputStream;)[J
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory$DataStreamUtils;->writeVarLong(Ljava/io/DataOutputStream;J)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory$DataStreamUtils;->writeVarLongArray(Ljava/io/DataOutputStream;[JI)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory$Entry;-><init>()V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory$Entry;->activeTime:J
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory$Entry;->operations:J
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory$Entry;->UNKNOWN:J
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory$ParcelUtils;-><init>()V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory$ParcelUtils;->readLongArray(Landroid/os/Parcel;)[J
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory$ParcelUtils;->writeLongArray(Landroid/os/Parcel;[JI)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;-><init>(JI)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;-><init>(JII)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;-><init>(Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;J)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;-><init>(Ljava/io/DataInputStream;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->activeTime:[J
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->addLong([JIJ)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->bucketCount:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->bucketDuration:J
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->bucketStart:[J
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->clear()V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->dump(Lcom/android/internal/util/IndentingPrintWriter;Z)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->dumpCheckin(Ljava/io/PrintWriter;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->ensureBuckets(JJ)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->estimateResizeBuckets(J)I
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->FIELD_ACTIVE_TIME:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->FIELD_ALL:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->FIELD_OPERATIONS:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->FIELD_RX_BYTES:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->FIELD_RX_PACKETS:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->FIELD_TX_BYTES:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->FIELD_TX_PACKETS:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->generateRandom(JJJ)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->generateRandom(JJJJJJJLjava/util/Random;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->getBucketDuration()J
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->getIndexAfter(J)I
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->getLong([JIJ)J
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->getTotalBytes()J
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->insertBucket(IJ)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->intersects(JJ)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->operations:[J
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->randomLong(Ljava/util/Random;JJ)J
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->recordData(JJJJ)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->recordData(JJLandroid/net/NetworkStats$Entry;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->recordHistory(Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;JJ)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->removeBucketsBefore(J)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->rxBytes:[J
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->rxPackets:[J
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->setLong([JIJ)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->setValues(ILandroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory$Entry;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->totalBytes:J
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->txBytes:[J
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->txPackets:[J
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->VERSION_ADD_ACTIVE:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->VERSION_ADD_PACKETS:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->VERSION_INIT:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->writeToProto(Landroid/util/proto/ProtoOutputStream;J)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->writeToProto(Landroid/util/proto/ProtoOutputStream;J[JI)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkStatsHistory;->writeToStream(Ljava/io/DataOutputStream;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;-><init>(ILjava/lang/String;[Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;-><init>(ILjava/lang/String;[Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;III)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;-><init>(Landroid/os/Parcel;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;->BACKUP_VERSION:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;->buildTemplateBluetooth()Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;->buildTemplateProxy()Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;->buildTemplateWifi(Ljava/lang/String;)Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;->forceAllNetworkTypes()V
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;->getBytesForBackup()[B
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;->getMatchRuleName(I)Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;->getNetworkId()Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;->getNetworkTemplateFromBackup(Ljava/io/DataInputStream;)Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;->isKnownMatchRule(I)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;->isMatchRuleMobile()Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;->isPersistable()Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;->matches(Landroid/net/NetworkIdentity;)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;->matchesBluetooth(Landroid/net/NetworkIdentity;)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;->matchesDefaultNetwork(Landroid/net/NetworkIdentity;)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;->matchesEthernet(Landroid/net/NetworkIdentity;)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;->matchesMetered(Landroid/net/NetworkIdentity;)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;->matchesMobile(Landroid/net/NetworkIdentity;)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;->matchesMobileWildcard(Landroid/net/NetworkIdentity;)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;->matchesProxy(Landroid/net/NetworkIdentity;)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;->matchesRoaming(Landroid/net/NetworkIdentity;)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;->matchesSubscriberId(Ljava/lang/String;)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;->matchesWifi(Landroid/net/NetworkIdentity;)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;->matchesWifiWildcard(Landroid/net/NetworkIdentity;)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;->MATCH_BLUETOOTH:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;->MATCH_ETHERNET:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;->MATCH_MOBILE:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;->MATCH_MOBILE_WILDCARD:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;->MATCH_PROXY:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;->MATCH_WIFI:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;->MATCH_WIFI_WILDCARD:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;->mDefaultNetwork:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;->mMatchRule:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;->mMatchSubscriberIds:[Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;->mMetered:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;->mNetworkId:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;->mRoaming:I
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;->mSubscriberId:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;->sForceAllNetworkTypes:Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkTemplate;->TAG:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkUtils;-><init>()V
+Landroid/net/NetworkUtils;->addressTypeMatches(Ljava/net/InetAddress;Ljava/net/InetAddress;)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkUtils;->bindProcessToNetwork(I)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkUtils;->bindProcessToNetworkForHostResolution(I)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkUtils;->bindSocketToNetwork(II)I
+Landroid/net/NetworkUtils;->deduplicatePrefixSet(Ljava/util/TreeSet;)Ljava/util/TreeSet;
+Landroid/net/NetworkUtils;->getBoundNetworkForProcess()I
+Landroid/net/NetworkUtils;->getNetworkPart(Ljava/net/InetAddress;I)Ljava/net/InetAddress;
+Landroid/net/NetworkUtils;->hexToInet6Address(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/net/InetAddress;
+Landroid/net/NetworkUtils;->inetAddressToInt(Ljava/net/Inet4Address;)I
+Landroid/net/NetworkUtils;->makeStrings(Ljava/util/Collection;)[Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkUtils;->maskRawAddress([BI)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkUtils;->netmaskIntToPrefixLength(I)I
+Landroid/net/NetworkUtils;->parcelInetAddress(Landroid/os/Parcel;Ljava/net/InetAddress;I)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkUtils;->parseIpAndMask(Ljava/lang/String;)Landroid/util/Pair;
+Landroid/net/NetworkUtils;->protectFromVpn(I)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkUtils;->queryUserAccess(II)Z
+Landroid/net/NetworkUtils;->routedIPv4AddressCount(Ljava/util/TreeSet;)J
+Landroid/net/NetworkUtils;->routedIPv6AddressCount(Ljava/util/TreeSet;)Ljava/math/BigInteger;
+Landroid/net/NetworkUtils;->setupRaSocket(Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;I)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkUtils;->TAG:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkUtils;->unparcelInetAddress(Landroid/os/Parcel;)Ljava/net/InetAddress;
+Landroid/net/NetworkWatchlistManager;-><init>(Landroid/content/Context;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkWatchlistManager;-><init>(Landroid/content/Context;Lcom/android/internal/net/INetworkWatchlistManager;)V
+Landroid/net/NetworkWatchlistManager;->getWatchlistConfigHash()[B
+Landroid/net/NetworkWatchlistManager;->mContext:Landroid/content/Context;
+Landroid/net/NetworkWatchlistManager;->mNetworkWatchlistManager:Lcom/android/internal/net/INetworkWatchlistManager;
+Landroid/net/NetworkWatchlistManager;->reloadWatchlist()V
+Landroid/net/NetworkWatchlistManager;->reportWatchlistIfNecessary()V
+Landroid/net/NetworkWatchlistManager;->SHARED_MEMORY_TAG:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/NetworkWatchlistManager;->TAG:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/ProxyInfo;-><init>(Landroid/net/ProxyInfo;)V
+Landroid/net/ProxyInfo;-><init>(Landroid/net/Uri;)V
+Landroid/net/ProxyInfo;-><init>(Landroid/net/Uri;I)V
+Landroid/net/ProxyInfo;-><init>(Ljava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/ProxyInfo;-><init>(Ljava/lang/String;ILjava/lang/String;[Ljava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/ProxyInfo;->getExclusionListAsString()Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/ProxyInfo;->getSocketAddress()Ljava/net/InetSocketAddress;
+Landroid/net/ProxyInfo;->isValid()Z
+Landroid/net/ProxyInfo;->LOCAL_EXCL_LIST:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/ProxyInfo;->LOCAL_HOST:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/ProxyInfo;->LOCAL_PORT:I
+Landroid/net/ProxyInfo;->makeProxy()Ljava/net/Proxy;
+Landroid/net/ProxyInfo;->mExclusionList:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/ProxyInfo;->mHost:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/ProxyInfo;->mPacFileUrl:Landroid/net/Uri;
+Landroid/net/ProxyInfo;->mParsedExclusionList:[Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/ProxyInfo;->mPort:I
+Landroid/net/ProxyInfo;->setExclusionList(Ljava/lang/String;)V
+Landroid/net/RouteInfo;-><init>(Landroid/net/IpPrefix;)V
+Landroid/net/RouteInfo;-><init>(Landroid/net/IpPrefix;I)V
+Landroid/net/RouteInfo;-><init>(Landroid/net/IpPrefix;Ljava/net/InetAddress;)V
+Landroid/net/RouteInfo;-><init>(Landroid/net/IpPrefix;Ljava/net/InetAddress;Ljava/lang/String;I)V
+Landroid/net/RouteInfo;-><init>(Landroid/net/LinkAddress;)V
+Landroid/net/RouteInfo;->getDestinationLinkAddress()Landroid/net/LinkAddress;
+Landroid/net/RouteInfo;->getType()I
+Landroid/net/RouteInfo;->isHostRoute()Z
+Landroid/net/RouteInfo;->isIPv4Default()Z
+Landroid/net/RouteInfo;->isIPv6Default()Z
+Landroid/net/RouteInfo;->makeHostRoute(Ljava/net/InetAddress;Ljava/lang/String;)Landroid/net/RouteInfo;
+Landroid/net/RouteInfo;->makeHostRoute(Ljava/net/InetAddress;Ljava/net/InetAddress;Ljava/lang/String;)Landroid/net/RouteInfo;
+Landroid/net/RouteInfo;->mDestination:Landroid/net/IpPrefix;
+Landroid/net/RouteInfo;->mHasGateway:Z
+Landroid/net/RouteInfo;->mInterface:Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/RouteInfo;->mType:I
+Landroid/net/RouteInfo;->RTN_THROW:I
+Landroid/net/RouteInfo;->RTN_UNICAST:I
+Landroid/net/RouteInfo;->RTN_UNREACHABLE:I
+Landroid/net/StaticIpConfiguration;-><init>(Landroid/net/StaticIpConfiguration;)V
+Landroid/net/StaticIpConfiguration;->clear()V
+Landroid/net/StaticIpConfiguration;->CREATOR:Landroid/os/Parcelable$Creator;
+Landroid/net/StaticIpConfiguration;->readFromParcel(Landroid/net/StaticIpConfiguration;Landroid/os/Parcel;)V
+Landroid/net/StaticIpConfiguration;->toLinkProperties(Ljava/lang/String;)Landroid/net/LinkProperties;
+Landroid/net/UidRange;-><init>(II)V
+Landroid/net/UidRange;->contains(I)Z
+Landroid/net/UidRange;->containsRange(Landroid/net/UidRange;)Z
+Landroid/net/UidRange;->count()I
+Landroid/net/UidRange;->createForUser(I)Landroid/net/UidRange;
+Landroid/net/UidRange;->CREATOR:Landroid/os/Parcelable$Creator;
+Landroid/net/UidRange;->getStartUser()I
+Landroid/net/UidRange;->start:I
+Landroid/net/UidRange;->stop:I
diff --git a/Tethering/apex/hiddenapi/hiddenapi-max-target-r-loprio.txt b/Tethering/apex/hiddenapi/hiddenapi-max-target-r-loprio.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..211b847
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/apex/hiddenapi/hiddenapi-max-target-r-loprio.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Landroid/net/nsd/INsdManager$Stub;->asInterface(Landroid/os/IBinder;)Landroid/net/nsd/INsdManager;
diff --git a/Tethering/apex/hiddenapi/hiddenapi-unsupported-tiramisu.txt b/Tethering/apex/hiddenapi/hiddenapi-unsupported-tiramisu.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a6257e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/apex/hiddenapi/hiddenapi-unsupported-tiramisu.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService$Stub$Proxy;-><init>(Landroid/os/IBinder;)V
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService$Stub$Proxy;->getMobileIfaces()[Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService$Stub;->asInterface(Landroid/os/IBinder;)Landroid/net/INetworkStatsService;
diff --git a/Tethering/apex/hiddenapi/hiddenapi-unsupported.txt b/Tethering/apex/hiddenapi/hiddenapi-unsupported.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f89906f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/apex/hiddenapi/hiddenapi-unsupported.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;-><init>(Landroid/os/IBinder;)V
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->getActiveLinkProperties()Landroid/net/LinkProperties;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->getActiveNetworkInfo()Landroid/net/NetworkInfo;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->getAllNetworkInfo()[Landroid/net/NetworkInfo;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->getAllNetworks()[Landroid/net/Network;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->getTetherableIfaces()[Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->getTetherableUsbRegexs()[Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->getTetheredIfaces()[Ljava/lang/String;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub$Proxy;->mRemote:Landroid/os/IBinder;
+Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager$Stub;->asInterface(Landroid/os/IBinder;)Landroid/net/IConnectivityManager;
diff --git a/Tethering/apex/manifest.json b/Tethering/apex/manifest.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88f13b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/apex/manifest.json
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "name": "com.android.tethering",
+  "version": 319999900
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/apex/permissions/Android.bp b/Tethering/apex/permissions/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac9ec65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/apex/permissions/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+    default_visibility: ["//packages/modules/Connectivity/Tethering:__subpackages__"],
+}
+
+prebuilt_etc {
+    name: "privapp_allowlist_com.android.tethering",
+    sub_dir: "permissions",
+    filename: "permissions.xml",
+    src: "permissions.xml",
+    installable: false,
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Tethering/apex/permissions/OWNERS b/Tethering/apex/permissions/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b7e2e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/apex/permissions/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+per-file *.xml,OWNERS = set noparent
+per-file *.xml,OWNERS = file:platform/frameworks/base:/data/etc/OWNERS
diff --git a/Tethering/apex/permissions/permissions.xml b/Tethering/apex/permissions/permissions.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f26a961
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/apex/permissions/permissions.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!--
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License
+-->
+
+<permissions>
+    <privapp-permissions package="com.android.networkstack.tethering">
+        <permission name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED" />
+        <permission name="android.permission.MANAGE_USB"/>
+        <permission name="android.permission.MODIFY_PHONE_STATE"/>
+        <permission name="android.permission.READ_NETWORK_USAGE_HISTORY"/>
+        <permission name="android.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED"/>
+        <permission name="android.permission.UPDATE_APP_OPS_STATS"/>
+        <permission name="android.permission.UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS"/>
+      </privapp-permissions>
+</permissions>
diff --git a/Tethering/apishim/30/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api30/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java b/Tethering/apishim/30/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api30/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..22d2c5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/apishim/30/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api30/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering.apishim.api30;
+
+import android.net.INetd;
+import android.net.MacAddress;
+import android.net.TetherStatsParcel;
+import android.net.util.SharedLog;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
+import android.util.SparseArray;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.IBpfMap.ThrowingBiConsumer;
+import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Key;
+import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Value;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator.Dependencies;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator.Ipv6ForwardingRule;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetherStatsValue;
+
+/**
+ * Bpf coordinator class for API shims.
+ */
+public class BpfCoordinatorShimImpl
+        extends com.android.networkstack.tethering.apishim.common.BpfCoordinatorShim {
+    private static final String TAG = "api30.BpfCoordinatorShimImpl";
+
+    @NonNull
+    private final SharedLog mLog;
+    @NonNull
+    private final INetd mNetd;
+
+    public BpfCoordinatorShimImpl(@NonNull final Dependencies deps) {
+        mLog = deps.getSharedLog().forSubComponent(TAG);
+        mNetd = deps.getNetd();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isInitialized() {
+        return true;
+    };
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean tetherOffloadRuleAdd(@NonNull final Ipv6ForwardingRule rule) {
+        try {
+            mNetd.tetherOffloadRuleAdd(rule.toTetherOffloadRuleParcel());
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            mLog.e("Could not add IPv6 forwarding rule: ", e);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    };
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean tetherOffloadRuleRemove(@NonNull final Ipv6ForwardingRule rule) {
+        try {
+            mNetd.tetherOffloadRuleRemove(rule.toTetherOffloadRuleParcel());
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            mLog.e("Could not remove IPv6 forwarding rule: ", e);
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean startUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(int downstreamIfindex, int upstreamIfindex,
+            @NonNull MacAddress inDstMac, @NonNull MacAddress outSrcMac,
+            @NonNull MacAddress outDstMac, int mtu) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean stopUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(int downstreamIfindex,
+            int upstreamIfindex, @NonNull MacAddress inDstMac) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @Nullable
+    public SparseArray<TetherStatsValue> tetherOffloadGetStats() {
+        final TetherStatsParcel[] tetherStatsList;
+        try {
+            // The reported tether stats are total data usage for all currently-active upstream
+            // interfaces since tethering start. There will only ever be one entry for a given
+            // interface index.
+            tetherStatsList = mNetd.tetherOffloadGetStats();
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            mLog.e("Fail to fetch tethering stats from netd: " + e);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return toTetherStatsValueSparseArray(tetherStatsList);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean tetherOffloadSetInterfaceQuota(int ifIndex, long quotaBytes) {
+        try {
+            mNetd.tetherOffloadSetInterfaceQuota(ifIndex, quotaBytes);
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            mLog.e("Exception when updating quota " + quotaBytes + ": ", e);
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    private SparseArray<TetherStatsValue> toTetherStatsValueSparseArray(
+            @NonNull final TetherStatsParcel[] parcels) {
+        final SparseArray<TetherStatsValue> tetherStatsList = new SparseArray<TetherStatsValue>();
+
+        for (TetherStatsParcel p : parcels) {
+            tetherStatsList.put(p.ifIndex, new TetherStatsValue(p.rxPackets, p.rxBytes,
+                    0 /* rxErrors */, p.txPackets, p.txBytes, 0 /* txErrors */));
+        }
+
+        return tetherStatsList;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @Nullable
+    public TetherStatsValue tetherOffloadGetAndClearStats(int ifIndex) {
+        try {
+            final TetherStatsParcel stats =
+                    mNetd.tetherOffloadGetAndClearStats(ifIndex);
+            return new TetherStatsValue(stats.rxPackets, stats.rxBytes, 0 /* rxErrors */,
+                    stats.txPackets, stats.txBytes, 0 /* txErrors */);
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            mLog.e("Exception when cleanup tether stats for upstream index "
+                    + ifIndex + ": ", e);
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean tetherOffloadRuleAdd(boolean downstream, @NonNull Tether4Key key,
+            @NonNull Tether4Value value) {
+        /* no op */
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean tetherOffloadRuleRemove(boolean downstream, @NonNull Tether4Key key) {
+        /* no op */
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void tetherOffloadRuleForEach(boolean downstream,
+            @NonNull ThrowingBiConsumer<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> action) {
+        /* no op */
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean attachProgram(String iface, boolean downstream) {
+        /* no op */
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean detachProgram(String iface) {
+        /* no op */
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isAnyIpv4RuleOnUpstream(int ifIndex) {
+        /* no op */
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean addDevMap(int ifIndex) {
+        /* no op */
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean removeDevMap(int ifIndex) {
+        /* no op */
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "Netd used";
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/apishim/31/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api31/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java b/Tethering/apishim/31/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api31/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5afb862
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/apishim/31/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api31/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java
@@ -0,0 +1,533 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering.apishim.api31;
+
+import static android.net.netstats.provider.NetworkStatsProvider.QUOTA_UNLIMITED;
+
+import android.net.MacAddress;
+import android.net.util.SharedLog;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.system.Os;
+import android.system.OsConstants;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.SparseArray;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.BpfMap;
+import com.android.net.module.util.IBpfMap.ThrowingBiConsumer;
+import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Key;
+import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Value;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator.Dependencies;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator.Ipv6ForwardingRule;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfUtils;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.Tether6Value;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetherDevKey;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetherDevValue;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetherDownstream6Key;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetherLimitKey;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetherLimitValue;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetherStatsKey;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetherStatsValue;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetherUpstream6Key;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+/**
+ * Bpf coordinator class for API shims.
+ */
+public class BpfCoordinatorShimImpl
+        extends com.android.networkstack.tethering.apishim.common.BpfCoordinatorShim {
+    private static final String TAG = "api31.BpfCoordinatorShimImpl";
+
+    // AF_KEY socket type. See include/linux/socket.h.
+    private static final int AF_KEY = 15;
+    // PFKEYv2 constants. See include/uapi/linux/pfkeyv2.h.
+    private static final int PF_KEY_V2 = 2;
+
+    @NonNull
+    private final SharedLog mLog;
+
+    // BPF map for downstream IPv4 forwarding.
+    @Nullable
+    private final BpfMap<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> mBpfDownstream4Map;
+
+    // BPF map for upstream IPv4 forwarding.
+    @Nullable
+    private final BpfMap<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> mBpfUpstream4Map;
+
+    // BPF map for downstream IPv6 forwarding.
+    @Nullable
+    private final BpfMap<TetherDownstream6Key, Tether6Value> mBpfDownstream6Map;
+
+    // BPF map for upstream IPv6 forwarding.
+    @Nullable
+    private final BpfMap<TetherUpstream6Key, Tether6Value> mBpfUpstream6Map;
+
+    // BPF map of tethering statistics of the upstream interface since tethering startup.
+    @Nullable
+    private final BpfMap<TetherStatsKey, TetherStatsValue> mBpfStatsMap;
+
+    // BPF map of per-interface quota for tethering offload.
+    @Nullable
+    private final BpfMap<TetherLimitKey, TetherLimitValue> mBpfLimitMap;
+
+    // BPF map of interface index mapping for XDP.
+    @Nullable
+    private final BpfMap<TetherDevKey, TetherDevValue> mBpfDevMap;
+
+    // Tracking IPv4 rule count while any rule is using the given upstream interfaces. Used for
+    // reducing the BPF map iteration query. The count is increased or decreased when the rule is
+    // added or removed successfully on mBpfDownstream4Map. Counting the rules on downstream4 map
+    // is because tetherOffloadRuleRemove can't get upstream interface index from upstream key,
+    // unless pass upstream value which is not required for deleting map entry. The upstream
+    // interface index is the same in Upstream4Value.oif and Downstream4Key.iif. For now, it is
+    // okay to count on Downstream4Key. See BpfConntrackEventConsumer#accept.
+    // Note that except the constructor, any calls to mBpfDownstream4Map.clear() need to clear
+    // this counter as well.
+    // TODO: Count the rule on upstream if multi-upstream is supported and the
+    // packet needs to be sent and responded on different upstream interfaces.
+    // TODO: Add IPv6 rule count.
+    private final SparseArray<Integer> mRule4CountOnUpstream = new SparseArray<>();
+
+    public BpfCoordinatorShimImpl(@NonNull final Dependencies deps) {
+        mLog = deps.getSharedLog().forSubComponent(TAG);
+
+        mBpfDownstream4Map = deps.getBpfDownstream4Map();
+        mBpfUpstream4Map = deps.getBpfUpstream4Map();
+        mBpfDownstream6Map = deps.getBpfDownstream6Map();
+        mBpfUpstream6Map = deps.getBpfUpstream6Map();
+        mBpfStatsMap = deps.getBpfStatsMap();
+        mBpfLimitMap = deps.getBpfLimitMap();
+        mBpfDevMap = deps.getBpfDevMap();
+
+        // Clear the stubs of the maps for handling the system service crash if any.
+        // Doesn't throw the exception and clear the stubs as many as possible.
+        try {
+            if (mBpfDownstream4Map != null) mBpfDownstream4Map.clear();
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            mLog.e("Could not clear mBpfDownstream4Map: " + e);
+        }
+        try {
+            if (mBpfUpstream4Map != null) mBpfUpstream4Map.clear();
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            mLog.e("Could not clear mBpfUpstream4Map: " + e);
+        }
+        try {
+            if (mBpfDownstream6Map != null) mBpfDownstream6Map.clear();
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            mLog.e("Could not clear mBpfDownstream6Map: " + e);
+        }
+        try {
+            if (mBpfUpstream6Map != null) mBpfUpstream6Map.clear();
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            mLog.e("Could not clear mBpfUpstream6Map: " + e);
+        }
+        try {
+            if (mBpfStatsMap != null) mBpfStatsMap.clear();
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            mLog.e("Could not clear mBpfStatsMap: " + e);
+        }
+        try {
+            if (mBpfLimitMap != null) mBpfLimitMap.clear();
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            mLog.e("Could not clear mBpfLimitMap: " + e);
+        }
+        try {
+            if (mBpfDevMap != null) mBpfDevMap.clear();
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            mLog.e("Could not clear mBpfDevMap: " + e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isInitialized() {
+        return mBpfDownstream4Map != null && mBpfUpstream4Map != null && mBpfDownstream6Map != null
+                && mBpfUpstream6Map != null && mBpfStatsMap != null && mBpfLimitMap != null
+                && mBpfDevMap != null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean tetherOffloadRuleAdd(@NonNull final Ipv6ForwardingRule rule) {
+        if (!isInitialized()) return false;
+
+        final TetherDownstream6Key key = rule.makeTetherDownstream6Key();
+        final Tether6Value value = rule.makeTether6Value();
+
+        try {
+            mBpfDownstream6Map.updateEntry(key, value);
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            mLog.e("Could not update entry: ", e);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean tetherOffloadRuleRemove(@NonNull final Ipv6ForwardingRule rule) {
+        if (!isInitialized()) return false;
+
+        try {
+            mBpfDownstream6Map.deleteEntry(rule.makeTetherDownstream6Key());
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            // Silent if the rule did not exist.
+            if (e.errno != OsConstants.ENOENT) {
+                mLog.e("Could not update entry: ", e);
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean startUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(int downstreamIfindex, int upstreamIfindex,
+            @NonNull MacAddress inDstMac, @NonNull MacAddress outSrcMac,
+            @NonNull MacAddress outDstMac, int mtu) {
+        if (!isInitialized()) return false;
+
+        final TetherUpstream6Key key = new TetherUpstream6Key(downstreamIfindex, inDstMac);
+        final Tether6Value value = new Tether6Value(upstreamIfindex, outSrcMac,
+                outDstMac, OsConstants.ETH_P_IPV6, mtu);
+        try {
+            mBpfUpstream6Map.insertEntry(key, value);
+        } catch (ErrnoException | IllegalStateException e) {
+            mLog.e("Could not insert upstream6 entry: " + e);
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean stopUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(int downstreamIfindex, int upstreamIfindex,
+            @NonNull MacAddress inDstMac) {
+        if (!isInitialized()) return false;
+
+        final TetherUpstream6Key key = new TetherUpstream6Key(downstreamIfindex, inDstMac);
+        try {
+            mBpfUpstream6Map.deleteEntry(key);
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            mLog.e("Could not delete upstream IPv6 entry: " + e);
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @Nullable
+    public SparseArray<TetherStatsValue> tetherOffloadGetStats() {
+        if (!isInitialized()) return null;
+
+        final SparseArray<TetherStatsValue> tetherStatsList = new SparseArray<TetherStatsValue>();
+        try {
+            // The reported tether stats are total data usage for all currently-active upstream
+            // interfaces since tethering start.
+            mBpfStatsMap.forEach((key, value) -> tetherStatsList.put((int) key.ifindex, value));
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            mLog.e("Fail to fetch tethering stats from BPF map: ", e);
+            return null;
+        }
+        return tetherStatsList;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean tetherOffloadSetInterfaceQuota(int ifIndex, long quotaBytes) {
+        if (!isInitialized()) return false;
+
+        // The common case is an update, where the stats already exist,
+        // hence we read first, even though writing with BPF_NOEXIST
+        // first would make the code simpler.
+        long rxBytes, txBytes;
+        TetherStatsValue statsValue = null;
+
+        try {
+            statsValue = mBpfStatsMap.getValue(new TetherStatsKey(ifIndex));
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            // The BpfMap#getValue doesn't throw an errno ENOENT exception. Catch other error
+            // while trying to get stats entry.
+            mLog.e("Could not get stats entry of interface index " + ifIndex + ": ", e);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (statsValue != null) {
+            // Ok, there was a stats entry.
+            rxBytes = statsValue.rxBytes;
+            txBytes = statsValue.txBytes;
+        } else {
+            // No stats entry - create one with zeroes.
+            try {
+                // This function is the *only* thing that can create entries.
+                // BpfMap#insertEntry use BPF_NOEXIST to create the entry. The entry is created
+                // if and only if it doesn't exist.
+                mBpfStatsMap.insertEntry(new TetherStatsKey(ifIndex), new TetherStatsValue(
+                        0 /* rxPackets */, 0 /* rxBytes */, 0 /* rxErrors */, 0 /* txPackets */,
+                        0 /* txBytes */, 0 /* txErrors */));
+            } catch (ErrnoException | IllegalArgumentException e) {
+                mLog.e("Could not create stats entry: ", e);
+                return false;
+            }
+            rxBytes = 0;
+            txBytes = 0;
+        }
+
+        // rxBytes + txBytes won't overflow even at 5gbps for ~936 years.
+        long newLimit = rxBytes + txBytes + quotaBytes;
+
+        // if adding limit (e.g., if limit is QUOTA_UNLIMITED) caused overflow: clamp to 'infinity'
+        if (newLimit < rxBytes + txBytes) newLimit = QUOTA_UNLIMITED;
+
+        try {
+            mBpfLimitMap.updateEntry(new TetherLimitKey(ifIndex), new TetherLimitValue(newLimit));
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            mLog.e("Fail to set quota " + quotaBytes + " for interface index " + ifIndex + ": ", e);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @Nullable
+    public TetherStatsValue tetherOffloadGetAndClearStats(int ifIndex) {
+        if (!isInitialized()) return null;
+
+        // getAndClearTetherOffloadStats is called after all offload rules have already been
+        // deleted for the given upstream interface. Before starting to do cleanup stuff in this
+        // function, use synchronizeKernelRCU to make sure that all the current running eBPF
+        // programs are finished on all CPUs, especially the unfinished packet processing. After
+        // synchronizeKernelRCU returned, we can safely read or delete on the stats map or the
+        // limit map.
+        final int res = synchronizeKernelRCU();
+        if (res != 0) {
+            // Error log but don't return. Do as much cleanup as possible.
+            mLog.e("synchronize_rcu() failed: " + res);
+        }
+
+        TetherStatsValue statsValue = null;
+        try {
+            statsValue = mBpfStatsMap.getValue(new TetherStatsKey(ifIndex));
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            mLog.e("Could not get stats entry for interface index " + ifIndex + ": ", e);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        if (statsValue == null) {
+            mLog.e("Could not get stats entry for interface index " + ifIndex);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            mBpfStatsMap.deleteEntry(new TetherStatsKey(ifIndex));
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            mLog.e("Could not delete stats entry for interface index " + ifIndex + ": ", e);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            mBpfLimitMap.deleteEntry(new TetherLimitKey(ifIndex));
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            mLog.e("Could not delete limit for interface index " + ifIndex + ": ", e);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return statsValue;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean tetherOffloadRuleAdd(boolean downstream, @NonNull Tether4Key key,
+            @NonNull Tether4Value value) {
+        if (!isInitialized()) return false;
+
+        try {
+            if (downstream) {
+                mBpfDownstream4Map.insertEntry(key, value);
+
+                // Increase the rule count while a adding rule is using a given upstream interface.
+                final int upstreamIfindex = (int) key.iif;
+                int count = mRule4CountOnUpstream.get(upstreamIfindex, 0 /* default */);
+                mRule4CountOnUpstream.put(upstreamIfindex, ++count);
+            } else {
+                mBpfUpstream4Map.insertEntry(key, value);
+            }
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            mLog.e("Could not insert entry (" + key + ", " + value + "): " + e);
+            return false;
+        } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
+            // Silent if the rule already exists. Note that the errno EEXIST was rethrown as
+            // IllegalStateException. See BpfMap#insertEntry.
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean tetherOffloadRuleRemove(boolean downstream, @NonNull Tether4Key key) {
+        if (!isInitialized()) return false;
+
+        try {
+            if (downstream) {
+                if (!mBpfDownstream4Map.deleteEntry(key)) return false;  // Rule did not exist
+
+                // Decrease the rule count while a deleting rule is not using a given upstream
+                // interface anymore.
+                final int upstreamIfindex = (int) key.iif;
+                Integer count = mRule4CountOnUpstream.get(upstreamIfindex);
+                if (count == null) {
+                    Log.wtf(TAG, "Could not delete count for interface " + upstreamIfindex);
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                if (--count == 0) {
+                    // Remove the entry if the count decreases to zero.
+                    mRule4CountOnUpstream.remove(upstreamIfindex);
+                } else {
+                    mRule4CountOnUpstream.put(upstreamIfindex, count);
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (!mBpfUpstream4Map.deleteEntry(key)) return false;  // Rule did not exist
+            }
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            mLog.e("Could not delete entry (key: " + key + ")", e);
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void tetherOffloadRuleForEach(boolean downstream,
+            @NonNull ThrowingBiConsumer<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> action) {
+        if (!isInitialized()) return;
+
+        try {
+            if (downstream) {
+                mBpfDownstream4Map.forEach(action);
+            } else {
+                mBpfUpstream4Map.forEach(action);
+            }
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            mLog.e("Could not iterate map: ", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean attachProgram(String iface, boolean downstream) {
+        if (!isInitialized()) return false;
+
+        try {
+            BpfUtils.attachProgram(iface, downstream);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            mLog.e("Could not attach program: " + e);
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean detachProgram(String iface) {
+        if (!isInitialized()) return false;
+
+        try {
+            BpfUtils.detachProgram(iface);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            mLog.e("Could not detach program: " + e);
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isAnyIpv4RuleOnUpstream(int ifIndex) {
+        // No entry means no rule for the given interface because 0 has never been stored.
+        return mRule4CountOnUpstream.get(ifIndex) != null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean addDevMap(int ifIndex) {
+        if (!isInitialized()) return false;
+
+        try {
+            mBpfDevMap.updateEntry(new TetherDevKey(ifIndex), new TetherDevValue(ifIndex));
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            mLog.e("Could not add interface " + ifIndex + ": " + e);
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean removeDevMap(int ifIndex) {
+        if (!isInitialized()) return false;
+
+        try {
+            mBpfDevMap.deleteEntry(new TetherDevKey(ifIndex));
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            mLog.e("Could not delete interface " + ifIndex + ": " + e);
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private String mapStatus(BpfMap m, String name) {
+        return name + "{" + (m != null ? "OK" : "ERROR") + "}";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return String.join(", ", new String[] {
+                mapStatus(mBpfDownstream6Map, "mBpfDownstream6Map"),
+                mapStatus(mBpfUpstream6Map, "mBpfUpstream6Map"),
+                mapStatus(mBpfDownstream4Map, "mBpfDownstream4Map"),
+                mapStatus(mBpfUpstream4Map, "mBpfUpstream4Map"),
+                mapStatus(mBpfStatsMap, "mBpfStatsMap"),
+                mapStatus(mBpfLimitMap, "mBpfLimitMap"),
+                mapStatus(mBpfDevMap, "mBpfDevMap")
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Call synchronize_rcu() to block until all existing RCU read-side critical sections have
+     * been completed.
+     * Note that BpfCoordinatorTest have no permissions to create or close pf_key socket. It is
+     * okay for now because the caller #bpfGetAndClearStats doesn't care the result of this
+     * function. The tests don't be broken.
+     * TODO: Wrap this function into Dependencies for mocking in tests.
+     */
+    private int synchronizeKernelRCU() {
+        // This is a temporary hack for network stats map swap on devices running
+        // 4.9 kernels. The kernel code of socket release on pf_key socket will
+        // explicitly call synchronize_rcu() which is exactly what we need.
+        FileDescriptor pfSocket;
+        try {
+            pfSocket = Os.socket(AF_KEY, OsConstants.SOCK_RAW | OsConstants.SOCK_CLOEXEC,
+                    PF_KEY_V2);
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            mLog.e("create PF_KEY socket failed: ", e);
+            return e.errno;
+        }
+
+        // When closing socket, synchronize_rcu() gets called in sock_release().
+        try {
+            Os.close(pfSocket);
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            mLog.e("failed to close the PF_KEY socket: ", e);
+            return e.errno;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/apishim/common/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/common/BpfCoordinatorShim.java b/Tethering/apishim/common/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/common/BpfCoordinatorShim.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..915e210
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/apishim/common/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/common/BpfCoordinatorShim.java
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering.apishim.common;
+
+import android.net.MacAddress;
+import android.util.SparseArray;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.IBpfMap.ThrowingBiConsumer;
+import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Key;
+import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Value;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator.Dependencies;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator.Ipv6ForwardingRule;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetherStatsValue;
+
+/**
+ * Bpf coordinator class for API shims.
+ */
+public abstract class BpfCoordinatorShim {
+    /**
+     * Get BpfCoordinatorShim object by OS build version.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public static BpfCoordinatorShim getBpfCoordinatorShim(@NonNull final Dependencies deps) {
+        if (deps.isAtLeastS()) {
+            return new com.android.networkstack.tethering.apishim.api31.BpfCoordinatorShimImpl(
+                    deps);
+        } else {
+            return new com.android.networkstack.tethering.apishim.api30.BpfCoordinatorShimImpl(
+                    deps);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return true if this class has been initialized, otherwise return false.
+     */
+    public abstract boolean isInitialized();
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a tethering offload rule to BPF map, or updates it if it already exists.
+     *
+     * Currently, only downstream /128 IPv6 entries are supported. An existing rule will be updated
+     * if the input interface and destination prefix match. Otherwise, a new rule will be created.
+     * Note that this can be only called on handler thread.
+     *
+     * @param rule The rule to add or update.
+     */
+    public abstract boolean tetherOffloadRuleAdd(@NonNull Ipv6ForwardingRule rule);
+
+    /**
+     * Deletes a tethering offload rule from the BPF map.
+     *
+     * Currently, only downstream /128 IPv6 entries are supported. An existing rule will be deleted
+     * if the destination IP address and the source interface match. It is not an error if there is
+     * no matching rule to delete.
+     *
+     * @param rule The rule to delete.
+     */
+    public abstract boolean tetherOffloadRuleRemove(@NonNull Ipv6ForwardingRule rule);
+
+    /**
+     * Starts IPv6 forwarding between the specified interfaces.
+
+     * @param downstreamIfindex the downstream interface index
+     * @param upstreamIfindex the upstream interface index
+     * @param inDstMac the destination MAC address to use for XDP
+     * @param outSrcMac the source MAC address to use for packets
+     * @param outDstMac the destination MAC address to use for packets
+     * @return true if operation succeeded or was a no-op, false otherwise
+     */
+    public abstract boolean startUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(int downstreamIfindex, int upstreamIfindex,
+            @NonNull MacAddress inDstMac, @NonNull MacAddress outSrcMac,
+            @NonNull MacAddress outDstMac, int mtu);
+
+    /**
+     * Stops IPv6 forwarding between the specified interfaces.
+
+     * @param downstreamIfindex the downstream interface index
+     * @param upstreamIfindex the upstream interface index
+     * @param inDstMac the destination MAC address to use for XDP
+     * @return true if operation succeeded or was a no-op, false otherwise
+     */
+    public abstract boolean stopUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(int downstreamIfindex,
+            int upstreamIfindex, @NonNull MacAddress inDstMac);
+
+    /**
+     * Return BPF tethering offload statistics.
+     *
+     * @return an array of TetherStatsValue's, where each entry contains the upstream interface
+     *         index and its tethering statistics since tethering was first started.
+     *         There will only ever be one entry for a given interface index.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public abstract SparseArray<TetherStatsValue> tetherOffloadGetStats();
+
+   /**
+    * Set a per-interface quota for tethering offload.
+    *
+    * @param ifIndex Index of upstream interface
+    * @param quotaBytes The quota defined as the number of bytes, starting from zero and counting
+    *       from *now*. A value of QUOTA_UNLIMITED (-1) indicates there is no limit.
+    */
+    @Nullable
+    public abstract boolean tetherOffloadSetInterfaceQuota(int ifIndex, long quotaBytes);
+
+    /**
+     * Return BPF tethering offload statistics and clear the stats for a given upstream.
+     *
+     * Must only be called once all offload rules have already been deleted for the given upstream
+     * interface. The existing stats will be fetched and returned. The stats and the limit for the
+     * given upstream interface will be deleted as well.
+     *
+     * The stats and limit for a given upstream interface must be initialized (using
+     * tetherOffloadSetInterfaceQuota) before any offload will occur on that interface.
+     *
+     * Note that this can be only called while the BPF maps were initialized.
+     *
+     * @param ifIndex Index of upstream interface.
+     * @return TetherStatsValue, which contains the given upstream interface's tethering statistics
+     *         since tethering was first started on that upstream interface.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public abstract TetherStatsValue tetherOffloadGetAndClearStats(int ifIndex);
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a tethering IPv4 offload rule to appropriate BPF map.
+     */
+    public abstract boolean tetherOffloadRuleAdd(boolean downstream, @NonNull Tether4Key key,
+            @NonNull Tether4Value value);
+
+    /**
+     * Deletes a tethering IPv4 offload rule from the appropriate BPF map.
+     *
+     * @param downstream true if downstream, false if upstream.
+     * @param key the key to delete.
+     * @return true iff the map was modified, false if the key did not exist or there was an error.
+     */
+    public abstract boolean tetherOffloadRuleRemove(boolean downstream, @NonNull Tether4Key key);
+
+    /**
+     * Iterate through the map and handle each key -> value retrieved base on the given BiConsumer.
+     *
+     * @param downstream true if downstream, false if upstream.
+     * @param action represents the action for each key -> value. The entry deletion is not
+     *        allowed and use #tetherOffloadRuleRemove instead.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public abstract void tetherOffloadRuleForEach(boolean downstream,
+            @NonNull ThrowingBiConsumer<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> action);
+
+    /**
+     * Whether there is currently any IPv4 rule on the specified upstream.
+     */
+    public abstract boolean isAnyIpv4RuleOnUpstream(int ifIndex);
+
+    /**
+     * Attach BPF program.
+     *
+     * TODO: consider using InterfaceParams to replace interface name.
+     */
+    public abstract boolean attachProgram(@NonNull String iface, boolean downstream);
+
+    /**
+     * Detach BPF program.
+     *
+     * TODO: consider using InterfaceParams to replace interface name.
+     */
+    public abstract boolean detachProgram(@NonNull String iface);
+
+    /**
+     * Add interface index mapping.
+     */
+    public abstract boolean addDevMap(int ifIndex);
+
+    /**
+     * Remove interface index mapping.
+     */
+    public abstract boolean removeDevMap(int ifIndex);
+}
+
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/Android.bp b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ca3f14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+java_sdk_library {
+    name: "framework-tethering",
+    defaults: ["framework-module-defaults"],
+    impl_library_visibility: [
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/Tethering:__subpackages__",
+
+        // Using for test only
+        "//cts/tests/netlegacy22.api",
+        "//external/sl4a:__subpackages__",
+        "//frameworks/base/core/tests/bandwidthtests",
+        "//frameworks/base/core/tests/benchmarks",
+        "//frameworks/base/core/tests/utillib",
+        "//frameworks/base/packages/Connectivity/tests:__subpackages__",
+        "//frameworks/base/tests/vcn",
+        "//frameworks/libs/net/common/testutils",
+        "//frameworks/libs/net/common/tests:__subpackages__",
+        "//frameworks/opt/telephony/tests/telephonytests",
+        "//packages/modules/CaptivePortalLogin/tests",
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/Tethering/tests:__subpackages__",
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/tests:__subpackages__",
+        "//packages/modules/IPsec/tests/iketests",
+        "//packages/modules/NetworkStack/tests:__subpackages__",
+        "//packages/modules/Wifi/service/tests/wifitests",
+    ],
+
+    srcs: [":framework-tethering-srcs"],
+    libs: ["framework-connectivity.stubs.module_lib"],
+    stub_only_libs: ["framework-connectivity.stubs.module_lib"],
+    aidl: {
+        include_dirs: [
+            "packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/aidl-export",
+        ],
+    },
+
+    jarjar_rules: "jarjar-rules.txt",
+    installable: true,
+
+    hostdex: true, // for hiddenapi check
+    apex_available: ["com.android.tethering"],
+    permitted_packages: ["android.net"],
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+    lint: { strict_updatability_linting: true },
+}
+
+filegroup {
+    name: "framework-tethering-srcs",
+    srcs: [
+        "src/android/net/TetheredClient.aidl",
+        "src/android/net/TetheredClient.java",
+        "src/android/net/TetheringManager.java",
+        "src/android/net/TetheringConstants.java",
+        "src/android/net/IIntResultListener.aidl",
+        "src/android/net/ITetheringEventCallback.aidl",
+        "src/android/net/ITetheringConnector.aidl",
+        "src/android/net/TetheringCallbackStartedParcel.aidl",
+        "src/android/net/TetheringConfigurationParcel.aidl",
+        "src/android/net/TetheringRequestParcel.aidl",
+        "src/android/net/TetherStatesParcel.aidl",
+        "src/android/net/TetheringInterface.aidl",
+        "src/android/net/TetheringInterface.java",
+    ],
+    path: "src"
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/current.txt b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/current.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d802177
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/current.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+// Signature format: 2.0
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/module-lib-current.txt b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/module-lib-current.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..460c216
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/module-lib-current.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// Signature format: 2.0
+package android.net {
+
+  public final class TetheringConstants {
+    field public static final String EXTRA_ADD_TETHER_TYPE = "extraAddTetherType";
+    field public static final String EXTRA_PROVISION_CALLBACK = "extraProvisionCallback";
+    field public static final String EXTRA_REM_TETHER_TYPE = "extraRemTetherType";
+    field public static final String EXTRA_RUN_PROVISION = "extraRunProvision";
+    field public static final String EXTRA_SET_ALARM = "extraSetAlarm";
+  }
+
+  public class TetheringManager {
+    ctor public TetheringManager(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull java.util.function.Supplier<android.os.IBinder>);
+    method public int getLastTetherError(@NonNull String);
+    method @NonNull public String[] getTetherableBluetoothRegexs();
+    method @NonNull public String[] getTetherableIfaces();
+    method @NonNull public String[] getTetherableUsbRegexs();
+    method @NonNull public String[] getTetherableWifiRegexs();
+    method @NonNull public String[] getTetheredIfaces();
+    method @NonNull public String[] getTetheringErroredIfaces();
+    method public boolean isTetheringSupported();
+    method public boolean isTetheringSupported(@NonNull String);
+    method public void requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(int, @NonNull android.os.ResultReceiver, boolean);
+    method @Deprecated public int setUsbTethering(boolean);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED, android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS}) public void startTethering(int, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.TetheringManager.StartTetheringCallback);
+    method @Deprecated public int tether(@NonNull String);
+    method @Deprecated public int untether(@NonNull String);
+  }
+
+  public static interface TetheringManager.TetheredInterfaceCallback {
+    method public void onAvailable(@NonNull String);
+    method public void onUnavailable();
+  }
+
+  public static interface TetheringManager.TetheredInterfaceRequest {
+    method public void release();
+  }
+
+  public static interface TetheringManager.TetheringEventCallback {
+    method @Deprecated public default void onTetherableInterfaceRegexpsChanged(@NonNull android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringInterfaceRegexps);
+  }
+
+  @Deprecated public static class TetheringManager.TetheringInterfaceRegexps {
+    method @Deprecated @NonNull public java.util.List<java.lang.String> getTetherableBluetoothRegexs();
+    method @Deprecated @NonNull public java.util.List<java.lang.String> getTetherableUsbRegexs();
+    method @Deprecated @NonNull public java.util.List<java.lang.String> getTetherableWifiRegexs();
+  }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/module-lib-removed.txt b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/module-lib-removed.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d802177
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/module-lib-removed.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+// Signature format: 2.0
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/removed.txt b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/removed.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d802177
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/removed.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+// Signature format: 2.0
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/system-current.txt b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/system-current.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..844ff64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/system-current.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+// Signature format: 2.0
+package android.net {
+
+  public final class TetheredClient implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public TetheredClient(@NonNull android.net.MacAddress, @NonNull java.util.Collection<android.net.TetheredClient.AddressInfo>, int);
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method @NonNull public java.util.List<android.net.TetheredClient.AddressInfo> getAddresses();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.MacAddress getMacAddress();
+    method public int getTetheringType();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.TetheredClient> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  public static final class TetheredClient.AddressInfo implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.LinkAddress getAddress();
+    method @Nullable public String getHostname();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.TetheredClient.AddressInfo> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  public final class TetheringInterface implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public TetheringInterface(int, @NonNull String);
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method @NonNull public String getInterface();
+    method public int getType();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.TetheringInterface> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  public class TetheringManager {
+    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public void registerTetheringEventCallback(@NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringEventCallback);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED, android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS}) public void requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(int, boolean, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.TetheringManager.OnTetheringEntitlementResultListener);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED, android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS}) public void startTethering(@NonNull android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.TetheringManager.StartTetheringCallback);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED, android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS}) public void stopAllTethering();
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED, android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS}) public void stopTethering(int);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED, android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE}) public void unregisterTetheringEventCallback(@NonNull android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringEventCallback);
+    field @Deprecated public static final String ACTION_TETHER_STATE_CHANGED = "android.net.conn.TETHER_STATE_CHANGED";
+    field public static final int CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final String EXTRA_ACTIVE_LOCAL_ONLY = "android.net.extra.ACTIVE_LOCAL_ONLY";
+    field public static final String EXTRA_ACTIVE_TETHER = "tetherArray";
+    field public static final String EXTRA_AVAILABLE_TETHER = "availableArray";
+    field public static final String EXTRA_ERRORED_TETHER = "erroredArray";
+    field public static final int TETHERING_BLUETOOTH = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int TETHERING_ETHERNET = 5; // 0x5
+    field public static final int TETHERING_INVALID = -1; // 0xffffffff
+    field public static final int TETHERING_NCM = 4; // 0x4
+    field public static final int TETHERING_USB = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int TETHERING_WIFI = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int TETHERING_WIFI_P2P = 3; // 0x3
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_DHCPSERVER_ERROR = 12; // 0xc
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_DISABLE_FORWARDING_ERROR = 9; // 0x9
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_ENABLE_FORWARDING_ERROR = 8; // 0x8
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKNOWN = 13; // 0xd
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_IFACE_CFG_ERROR = 10; // 0xa
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR = 5; // 0x5
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_NO_ACCESS_TETHERING_PERMISSION = 15; // 0xf
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION = 14; // 0xe
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED = 11; // 0xb
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAIL = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_TETHER_IFACE_ERROR = 6; // 0x6
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNAVAIL_IFACE = 4; // 0x4
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_IFACE = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_TYPE = 16; // 0x10
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED = 3; // 0x3
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNTETHER_IFACE_ERROR = 7; // 0x7
+    field public static final int TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_FAILED = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STARTED = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STOPPED = 0; // 0x0
+  }
+
+  public static interface TetheringManager.OnTetheringEntitlementResultListener {
+    method public void onTetheringEntitlementResult(int);
+  }
+
+  public static interface TetheringManager.StartTetheringCallback {
+    method public default void onTetheringFailed(int);
+    method public default void onTetheringStarted();
+  }
+
+  public static interface TetheringManager.TetheringEventCallback {
+    method public default void onClientsChanged(@NonNull java.util.Collection<android.net.TetheredClient>);
+    method public default void onError(@NonNull String, int);
+    method public default void onError(@NonNull android.net.TetheringInterface, int);
+    method public default void onLocalOnlyInterfacesChanged(@NonNull java.util.List<java.lang.String>);
+    method public default void onLocalOnlyInterfacesChanged(@NonNull java.util.Set<android.net.TetheringInterface>);
+    method public default void onOffloadStatusChanged(int);
+    method public default void onTetherableInterfacesChanged(@NonNull java.util.List<java.lang.String>);
+    method public default void onTetherableInterfacesChanged(@NonNull java.util.Set<android.net.TetheringInterface>);
+    method public default void onTetheredInterfacesChanged(@NonNull java.util.List<java.lang.String>);
+    method public default void onTetheredInterfacesChanged(@NonNull java.util.Set<android.net.TetheringInterface>);
+    method public default void onTetheringSupported(boolean);
+    method public default void onUpstreamChanged(@Nullable android.net.Network);
+  }
+
+  public static class TetheringManager.TetheringRequest {
+    method @Nullable public android.net.LinkAddress getClientStaticIpv4Address();
+    method public int getConnectivityScope();
+    method @Nullable public android.net.LinkAddress getLocalIpv4Address();
+    method public boolean getShouldShowEntitlementUi();
+    method public int getTetheringType();
+    method public boolean isExemptFromEntitlementCheck();
+  }
+
+  public static class TetheringManager.TetheringRequest.Builder {
+    ctor public TetheringManager.TetheringRequest.Builder(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest build();
+    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED) public android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest.Builder setConnectivityScope(int);
+    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED) public android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest.Builder setExemptFromEntitlementCheck(boolean);
+    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED) public android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest.Builder setShouldShowEntitlementUi(boolean);
+    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED) public android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest.Builder setStaticIpv4Addresses(@NonNull android.net.LinkAddress, @NonNull android.net.LinkAddress);
+  }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/system-removed.txt b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/system-removed.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d802177
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/system-removed.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+// Signature format: 2.0
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/jarjar-rules.txt b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/jarjar-rules.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e459fad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/jarjar-rules.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# jarjar rules for the bootclasspath tethering framework library here
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/IIntResultListener.aidl b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/IIntResultListener.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3d66ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/IIntResultListener.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+/**
+ * Listener interface allowing objects to listen to various module event.
+ * {@hide}
+ */
+oneway interface IIntResultListener {
+    void onResult(int resultCode);
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/ITetheringConnector.aidl b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/ITetheringConnector.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..77e78bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/ITetheringConnector.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net;
+
+import android.net.IIntResultListener;
+import android.net.ITetheringEventCallback;
+import android.net.TetheringRequestParcel;
+import android.os.ResultReceiver;
+
+/** @hide */
+oneway interface ITetheringConnector {
+    void tether(String iface, String callerPkg, String callingAttributionTag,
+            IIntResultListener receiver);
+
+    void untether(String iface, String callerPkg, String callingAttributionTag,
+            IIntResultListener receiver);
+
+    void setUsbTethering(boolean enable, String callerPkg,
+            String callingAttributionTag, IIntResultListener receiver);
+
+    void startTethering(in TetheringRequestParcel request, String callerPkg,
+            String callingAttributionTag, IIntResultListener receiver);
+
+    void stopTethering(int type, String callerPkg, String callingAttributionTag,
+            IIntResultListener receiver);
+
+    void requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(int type, in ResultReceiver receiver,
+            boolean showEntitlementUi, String callerPkg, String callingAttributionTag);
+
+    void registerTetheringEventCallback(ITetheringEventCallback callback, String callerPkg);
+
+    void unregisterTetheringEventCallback(ITetheringEventCallback callback, String callerPkg);
+
+    void isTetheringSupported(String callerPkg, String callingAttributionTag,
+            IIntResultListener receiver);
+
+    void stopAllTethering(String callerPkg, String callingAttributionTag,
+            IIntResultListener receiver);
+
+    void setPreferTestNetworks(boolean prefer, IIntResultListener listener);
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/ITetheringEventCallback.aidl b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/ITetheringEventCallback.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4e3ba4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/ITetheringEventCallback.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.TetheredClient;
+import android.net.TetheringConfigurationParcel;
+import android.net.TetheringCallbackStartedParcel;
+import android.net.TetherStatesParcel;
+
+/**
+ * Callback class for receiving tethering changed events.
+ * @hide
+ */
+oneway interface ITetheringEventCallback
+{
+    /** Called immediately after the callbacks are registered */
+    void onCallbackStarted(in TetheringCallbackStartedParcel parcel);
+    void onCallbackStopped(int errorCode);
+    void onUpstreamChanged(in Network network);
+    void onConfigurationChanged(in TetheringConfigurationParcel config);
+    void onTetherStatesChanged(in TetherStatesParcel states);
+    void onTetherClientsChanged(in List<TetheredClient> clients);
+    void onOffloadStatusChanged(int status);
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetherStatesParcel.aidl b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetherStatesParcel.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43262fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetherStatesParcel.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.net.TetheringInterface;
+
+/**
+ * Status details for tethering downstream interfaces.
+ * {@hide}
+ */
+parcelable TetherStatesParcel {
+    TetheringInterface[] availableList;
+    TetheringInterface[] tetheredList;
+    TetheringInterface[] localOnlyList;
+    TetheringInterface[] erroredIfaceList;
+    // List of Last error code corresponding to each errored iface in erroredIfaceList. */
+    // TODO: Improve this as b/143122247.
+    int[] lastErrorList;
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheredClient.aidl b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheredClient.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b279b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheredClient.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net;
+
+@JavaOnlyStableParcelable parcelable TetheredClient;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheredClient.java b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheredClient.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b223f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheredClient.java
@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Information on a tethered downstream client.
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi
+public final class TetheredClient implements Parcelable {
+    @NonNull
+    private final MacAddress mMacAddress;
+    @NonNull
+    private final List<AddressInfo> mAddresses;
+    // TODO: use an @IntDef here
+    private final int mTetheringType;
+
+    public TetheredClient(@NonNull MacAddress macAddress,
+            @NonNull Collection<AddressInfo> addresses, int tetheringType) {
+        mMacAddress = macAddress;
+        mAddresses = new ArrayList<>(addresses);
+        mTetheringType = tetheringType;
+    }
+
+    private TetheredClient(@NonNull Parcel in) {
+        this(in.readParcelable(null), in.createTypedArrayList(AddressInfo.CREATOR), in.readInt());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(@NonNull Parcel dest, int flags) {
+        dest.writeParcelable(mMacAddress, flags);
+        dest.writeTypedList(mAddresses);
+        dest.writeInt(mTetheringType);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the MAC address used to identify the client.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public MacAddress getMacAddress() {
+        return mMacAddress;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get information on the list of addresses that are associated with the client.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public List<AddressInfo> getAddresses() {
+        return new ArrayList<>(mAddresses);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the type of tethering used by the client.
+     * @return one of the {@code TetheringManager#TETHERING_*} constants.
+     */
+    public int getTetheringType() {
+        return mTetheringType;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a new {@link TetheredClient} that has all the attributes of this instance, plus the
+     * {@link AddressInfo} of the provided {@link TetheredClient}.
+     *
+     * <p>Duplicate addresses are removed.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public TetheredClient addAddresses(@NonNull TetheredClient other) {
+        final LinkedHashSet<AddressInfo> newAddresses = new LinkedHashSet<>(
+                mAddresses.size() + other.mAddresses.size());
+        newAddresses.addAll(mAddresses);
+        newAddresses.addAll(other.mAddresses);
+        return new TetheredClient(mMacAddress, newAddresses, mTetheringType);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hash(mMacAddress, mAddresses, mTetheringType);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
+        if (!(obj instanceof TetheredClient)) return false;
+        final TetheredClient other = (TetheredClient) obj;
+        return mMacAddress.equals(other.mMacAddress)
+                && mAddresses.equals(other.mAddresses)
+                && mTetheringType == other.mTetheringType;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Information on an lease assigned to a tethered client.
+     */
+    public static final class AddressInfo implements Parcelable {
+        @NonNull
+        private final LinkAddress mAddress;
+        @Nullable
+        private final String mHostname;
+
+        /** @hide */
+        public AddressInfo(@NonNull LinkAddress address, @Nullable String hostname) {
+            this.mAddress = address;
+            this.mHostname = hostname;
+        }
+
+        private AddressInfo(Parcel in) {
+            this(in.readParcelable(null),  in.readString());
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void writeToParcel(@NonNull Parcel dest, int flags) {
+            dest.writeParcelable(mAddress, flags);
+            dest.writeString(mHostname);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Get the link address (including prefix length and lifetime) used by the client.
+         *
+         * This may be an IPv4 or IPv6 address.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public LinkAddress getAddress() {
+            return mAddress;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Get the hostname that was advertised by the client when obtaining its address, if any.
+         */
+        @Nullable
+        public String getHostname() {
+            return mHostname;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Get the expiration time of the address assigned to the client.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        public long getExpirationTime() {
+            return mAddress.getExpirationTime();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int describeContents() {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int hashCode() {
+            return Objects.hash(mAddress, mHostname);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
+            if (!(obj instanceof AddressInfo)) return false;
+            final AddressInfo other = (AddressInfo) obj;
+            // Use .equals() for addresses as all changes, including address expiry changes,
+            // should be included.
+            return other.mAddress.equals(mAddress)
+                    && Objects.equals(mHostname, other.mHostname);
+        }
+
+        @NonNull
+        public static final Creator<AddressInfo> CREATOR = new Creator<AddressInfo>() {
+            @NonNull
+            @Override
+            public AddressInfo createFromParcel(@NonNull Parcel in) {
+                return new AddressInfo(in);
+            }
+
+            @NonNull
+            @Override
+            public AddressInfo[] newArray(int size) {
+                return new AddressInfo[size];
+            }
+        };
+
+        @NonNull
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return "AddressInfo {"
+                    + mAddress
+                    + (mHostname != null ? ", hostname " + mHostname : "")
+                    + "}";
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    public static final Creator<TetheredClient> CREATOR = new Creator<TetheredClient>() {
+        @NonNull
+        @Override
+        public TetheredClient createFromParcel(@NonNull Parcel in) {
+            return new TetheredClient(in);
+        }
+
+        @NonNull
+        @Override
+        public TetheredClient[] newArray(int size) {
+            return new TetheredClient[size];
+        }
+    };
+
+    @NonNull
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "TetheredClient {hwAddr " + mMacAddress
+                + ", addresses " + mAddresses
+                + ", tetheringType " + mTetheringType
+                + "}";
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringCallbackStartedParcel.aidl b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringCallbackStartedParcel.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..253eacb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringCallbackStartedParcel.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.TetheredClient;
+import android.net.TetheringConfigurationParcel;
+import android.net.TetherStatesParcel;
+
+/**
+ * Initial information reported by tethering upon callback registration.
+ * @hide
+ */
+parcelable TetheringCallbackStartedParcel {
+    boolean tetheringSupported;
+    Network upstreamNetwork;
+    TetheringConfigurationParcel config;
+    TetherStatesParcel states;
+    List<TetheredClient> tetheredClients;
+    int offloadStatus;
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringConfigurationParcel.aidl b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringConfigurationParcel.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..89f3813
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringConfigurationParcel.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+/**
+ * Configuration details for tethering.
+ * @hide
+ */
+parcelable TetheringConfigurationParcel {
+    int subId;
+    String[] tetherableUsbRegexs;
+    String[] tetherableWifiRegexs;
+    String[] tetherableBluetoothRegexs;
+    boolean isDunRequired;
+    boolean chooseUpstreamAutomatically;
+    int[] preferredUpstreamIfaceTypes;
+    String[] legacyDhcpRanges;
+    String[] defaultIPv4DNS;
+    boolean enableLegacyDhcpServer;
+    String[] provisioningApp;
+    String provisioningAppNoUi;
+    int provisioningCheckPeriod;
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringConstants.java b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringConstants.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f14def6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringConstants.java
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.annotation.SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES;
+
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.os.ResultReceiver;
+
+/**
+ * Collections of constants for internal tethering usage.
+ *
+ * <p>These hidden constants are not in TetheringManager as they are not part of the API stubs
+ * generated for TetheringManager, which prevents the tethering module from linking them at
+ * build time.
+ * TODO: investigate changing the tethering build rules so that Tethering can reference hidden
+ * symbols from framework-tethering even when they are in a non-hidden class.
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+public final class TetheringConstants {
+    /** An explicit private class to avoid exposing constructor.*/
+    private TetheringConstants() { }
+
+    /**
+     * Extra used for communicating with the TetherService and TetherProvisioningActivity.
+     * Includes the type of tethering to enable if any.
+     */
+    public static final String EXTRA_ADD_TETHER_TYPE = "extraAddTetherType";
+    /**
+     * Extra used for communicating with the TetherService. Includes the type of tethering for
+     * which to cancel provisioning.
+     */
+    public static final String EXTRA_REM_TETHER_TYPE = "extraRemTetherType";
+    /**
+     * Extra used for communicating with the TetherService. True to schedule a recheck of tether
+     * provisioning.
+     */
+    public static final String EXTRA_SET_ALARM = "extraSetAlarm";
+    /**
+     * Tells the TetherService to run a provision check now.
+     */
+    public static final String EXTRA_RUN_PROVISION = "extraRunProvision";
+    /**
+     * Extra used for communicating with the TetherService and TetherProvisioningActivity.
+     * Contains the {@link ResultReceiver} which will receive provisioning results.
+     * Can not be empty.
+     */
+    public static final String EXTRA_PROVISION_CALLBACK = "extraProvisionCallback";
+
+    /**
+     * Extra used for communicating with the TetherService and TetherProvisioningActivity.
+     * Contains the subId of current active cellular upstream.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String EXTRA_TETHER_SUBID = "android.net.extra.TETHER_SUBID";
+
+    /**
+     * Extra used for telling TetherProvisioningActivity the entitlement package name and class
+     * name to start UI entitlement check.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String EXTRA_TETHER_UI_PROVISIONING_APP_NAME =
+            "android.net.extra.TETHER_UI_PROVISIONING_APP_NAME";
+
+    /**
+     * Extra used for telling TetherService the intent action to start silent entitlement check.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String EXTRA_TETHER_SILENT_PROVISIONING_ACTION =
+            "android.net.extra.TETHER_SILENT_PROVISIONING_ACTION";
+
+    /**
+     * Extra used for TetherService to receive the response of provisioning check.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String EXTRA_TETHER_PROVISIONING_RESPONSE =
+            "android.net.extra.TETHER_PROVISIONING_RESPONSE";
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringInterface.aidl b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringInterface.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7151984
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringInterface.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net;
+
+@JavaOnlyStableParcelable parcelable TetheringInterface;
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringInterface.java b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringInterface.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..84cdef1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringInterface.java
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringType;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * The mapping of tethering interface and type.
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi
+public final class TetheringInterface implements Parcelable {
+    private final int mType;
+    private final String mInterface;
+
+    public TetheringInterface(@TetheringType int type, @NonNull String iface) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(iface);
+        mType = type;
+        mInterface = iface;
+    }
+
+    private TetheringInterface(@NonNull Parcel in) {
+        this(in.readInt(), in.readString());
+    }
+
+    /** Get tethering type. */
+    public int getType() {
+        return mType;
+    }
+
+    /** Get tethering interface. */
+    @NonNull
+    public String getInterface() {
+        return mInterface;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(@NonNull Parcel dest, int flags) {
+        dest.writeInt(mType);
+        dest.writeString(mInterface);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hash(mType, mInterface);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
+        if (!(obj instanceof TetheringInterface)) return false;
+        final TetheringInterface other = (TetheringInterface) obj;
+        return mType == other.mType && mInterface.equals(other.mInterface);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    public static final Creator<TetheringInterface> CREATOR = new Creator<TetheringInterface>() {
+        @NonNull
+        @Override
+        public TetheringInterface createFromParcel(@NonNull Parcel in) {
+            return new TetheringInterface(in);
+        }
+
+        @NonNull
+        @Override
+        public TetheringInterface[] newArray(int size) {
+            return new TetheringInterface[size];
+        }
+    };
+
+    @NonNull
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "TetheringInterface {mType=" + mType
+                + ", mInterface=" + mInterface + "}";
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringManager.java b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringManager.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f9b33e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringManager.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1640 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.annotation.SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES;
+
+import android.Manifest;
+import android.annotation.IntDef;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.RequiresPermission;
+import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.os.ConditionVariable;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.os.ResultReceiver;
+import android.util.ArrayMap;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+
+/**
+ * This class provides the APIs to control the tethering service.
+ * <p> The primary responsibilities of this class are to provide the APIs for applications to
+ * start tethering, stop tethering, query configuration and query status.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi
+public class TetheringManager {
+    private static final String TAG = TetheringManager.class.getSimpleName();
+    private static final int DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS = 60_000;
+    private static final long CONNECTOR_POLL_INTERVAL_MILLIS = 200L;
+
+    @GuardedBy("mConnectorWaitQueue")
+    @Nullable
+    private ITetheringConnector mConnector;
+    @GuardedBy("mConnectorWaitQueue")
+    @NonNull
+    private final List<ConnectorConsumer> mConnectorWaitQueue = new ArrayList<>();
+    private final Supplier<IBinder> mConnectorSupplier;
+
+    private final TetheringCallbackInternal mCallback;
+    private final Context mContext;
+    private final ArrayMap<TetheringEventCallback, ITetheringEventCallback>
+            mTetheringEventCallbacks = new ArrayMap<>();
+
+    private volatile TetheringConfigurationParcel mTetheringConfiguration;
+    private volatile TetherStatesParcel mTetherStatesParcel;
+
+    /**
+     * Broadcast Action: A tetherable connection has come or gone.
+     * Uses {@code TetheringManager.EXTRA_AVAILABLE_TETHER},
+     * {@code TetheringManager.EXTRA_ACTIVE_LOCAL_ONLY},
+     * {@code TetheringManager.EXTRA_ACTIVE_TETHER}, and
+     * {@code TetheringManager.EXTRA_ERRORED_TETHER} to indicate
+     * the current state of tethering.  Each include a list of
+     * interface names in that state (may be empty).
+     *
+     * @deprecated New client should use TetheringEventCallback instead.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final String ACTION_TETHER_STATE_CHANGED =
+            "android.net.conn.TETHER_STATE_CHANGED";
+
+    /**
+     * gives a String[] listing all the interfaces configured for
+     * tethering and currently available for tethering.
+     */
+    public static final String EXTRA_AVAILABLE_TETHER = "availableArray";
+
+    /**
+     * gives a String[] listing all the interfaces currently in local-only
+     * mode (ie, has DHCPv4+IPv6-ULA support and no packet forwarding)
+     */
+    public static final String EXTRA_ACTIVE_LOCAL_ONLY = "android.net.extra.ACTIVE_LOCAL_ONLY";
+
+    /**
+     * gives a String[] listing all the interfaces currently tethered
+     * (ie, has DHCPv4 support and packets potentially forwarded/NATed)
+     */
+    public static final String EXTRA_ACTIVE_TETHER = "tetherArray";
+
+    /**
+     * gives a String[] listing all the interfaces we tried to tether and
+     * failed.  Use {@link #getLastTetherError} to find the error code
+     * for any interfaces listed here.
+     */
+    public static final String EXTRA_ERRORED_TETHER = "erroredArray";
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(flag = false, value = {
+            TETHERING_WIFI,
+            TETHERING_USB,
+            TETHERING_BLUETOOTH,
+            TETHERING_WIFI_P2P,
+            TETHERING_NCM,
+            TETHERING_ETHERNET,
+    })
+    public @interface TetheringType {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Invalid tethering type.
+     * @see #startTethering.
+     */
+    public static final int TETHERING_INVALID   = -1;
+
+    /**
+     * Wifi tethering type.
+     * @see #startTethering.
+     */
+    public static final int TETHERING_WIFI      = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * USB tethering type.
+     * @see #startTethering.
+     */
+    public static final int TETHERING_USB       = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * Bluetooth tethering type.
+     * @see #startTethering.
+     */
+    public static final int TETHERING_BLUETOOTH = 2;
+
+    /**
+     * Wifi P2p tethering type.
+     * Wifi P2p tethering is set through events automatically, and don't
+     * need to start from #startTethering.
+     */
+    public static final int TETHERING_WIFI_P2P = 3;
+
+    /**
+     * Ncm local tethering type.
+     * @see #startTethering(TetheringRequest, Executor, StartTetheringCallback)
+     */
+    public static final int TETHERING_NCM = 4;
+
+    /**
+     * Ethernet tethering type.
+     * @see #startTethering(TetheringRequest, Executor, StartTetheringCallback)
+     */
+    public static final int TETHERING_ETHERNET = 5;
+
+    /**
+     * WIGIG tethering type. Use a separate type to prevent
+     * conflicts with TETHERING_WIFI
+     * This type is only used internally by the tethering module
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int TETHERING_WIGIG = 6;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(value = {
+            TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR,
+            TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED,
+            TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKNOWN,
+    })
+    public @interface EntitlementResult {
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(value = {
+            TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR,
+            TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_IFACE,
+            TETHER_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAIL,
+            TETHER_ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR,
+            TETHER_ERROR_TETHER_IFACE_ERROR,
+            TETHER_ERROR_ENABLE_FORWARDING_ERROR,
+            TETHER_ERROR_DISABLE_FORWARDING_ERROR,
+            TETHER_ERROR_IFACE_CFG_ERROR,
+            TETHER_ERROR_DHCPSERVER_ERROR,
+    })
+    public @interface TetheringIfaceError {
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(value = {
+            TETHER_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAIL,
+            TETHER_ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR,
+            TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION,
+            TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_TYPE,
+    })
+    public @interface StartTetheringError {
+    }
+
+    public static final int TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR = 0;
+    public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_IFACE = 1;
+    public static final int TETHER_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAIL = 2;
+    public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED = 3;
+    public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNAVAIL_IFACE = 4;
+    public static final int TETHER_ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR = 5;
+    public static final int TETHER_ERROR_TETHER_IFACE_ERROR = 6;
+    public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNTETHER_IFACE_ERROR = 7;
+    public static final int TETHER_ERROR_ENABLE_FORWARDING_ERROR = 8;
+    public static final int TETHER_ERROR_DISABLE_FORWARDING_ERROR = 9;
+    public static final int TETHER_ERROR_IFACE_CFG_ERROR = 10;
+    public static final int TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED = 11;
+    public static final int TETHER_ERROR_DHCPSERVER_ERROR = 12;
+    public static final int TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKNOWN = 13;
+    public static final int TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION = 14;
+    public static final int TETHER_ERROR_NO_ACCESS_TETHERING_PERMISSION = 15;
+    public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_TYPE = 16;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(flag = false, value = {
+            TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STOPPED,
+            TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STARTED,
+            TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_FAILED,
+    })
+    public @interface TetherOffloadStatus {
+    }
+
+    /** Tethering offload status is stopped. */
+    public static final int TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STOPPED = 0;
+    /** Tethering offload status is started. */
+    public static final int TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STARTED = 1;
+    /** Fail to start tethering offload. */
+    public static final int TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_FAILED = 2;
+
+    /**
+     * Create a TetheringManager object for interacting with the tethering service.
+     *
+     * @param context Context for the manager.
+     * @param connectorSupplier Supplier for the manager connector; may return null while the
+     *                          service is not connected.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public TetheringManager(@NonNull final Context context,
+            @NonNull Supplier<IBinder> connectorSupplier) {
+        mContext = context;
+        mCallback = new TetheringCallbackInternal(this);
+        mConnectorSupplier = connectorSupplier;
+
+        final String pkgName = mContext.getOpPackageName();
+
+        final IBinder connector = mConnectorSupplier.get();
+        // If the connector is available on start, do not start a polling thread. This introduces
+        // differences in the thread that sends the oneway binder calls to the service between the
+        // first few seconds after boot and later, but it avoids always having differences between
+        // the first usage of TetheringManager from a process and subsequent usages (so the
+        // difference is only on boot). On boot binder calls may be queued until the service comes
+        // up and be sent from a worker thread; later, they are always sent from the caller thread.
+        // Considering that it's just oneway binder calls, and ordering is preserved, this seems
+        // better than inconsistent behavior persisting after boot.
+        if (connector != null) {
+            mConnector = ITetheringConnector.Stub.asInterface(connector);
+        } else {
+            startPollingForConnector();
+        }
+
+        Log.i(TAG, "registerTetheringEventCallback:" + pkgName);
+        getConnector(c -> c.registerTetheringEventCallback(mCallback, pkgName));
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Override
+    protected void finalize() throws Throwable {
+        final String pkgName = mContext.getOpPackageName();
+        Log.i(TAG, "unregisterTetheringEventCallback:" + pkgName);
+        // 1. It's generally not recommended to perform long operations in finalize, but while
+        // unregisterTetheringEventCallback does an IPC, it's a oneway IPC so should not block.
+        // 2. If the connector is not yet connected, TetheringManager is impossible to finalize
+        // because the connector polling thread strong reference the TetheringManager object. So
+        // it's guaranteed that registerTetheringEventCallback was already called before calling
+        // unregisterTetheringEventCallback in finalize.
+        if (mConnector == null) Log.wtf(TAG, "null connector in finalize!");
+        getConnector(c -> c.unregisterTetheringEventCallback(mCallback, pkgName));
+
+        super.finalize();
+    }
+
+    private void startPollingForConnector() {
+        new Thread(() -> {
+            while (true) {
+                try {
+                    Thread.sleep(CONNECTOR_POLL_INTERVAL_MILLIS);
+                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                    // Not much to do here, the system needs to wait for the connector
+                }
+
+                final IBinder connector = mConnectorSupplier.get();
+                if (connector != null) {
+                    onTetheringConnected(ITetheringConnector.Stub.asInterface(connector));
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        }).start();
+    }
+
+    private interface ConnectorConsumer {
+        void onConnectorAvailable(ITetheringConnector connector) throws RemoteException;
+    }
+
+    private void onTetheringConnected(ITetheringConnector connector) {
+        // Process the connector wait queue in order, including any items that are added
+        // while processing.
+        //
+        // 1. Copy the queue to a local variable under lock.
+        // 2. Drain the local queue with the lock released (otherwise, enqueuing future commands
+        //    would block on the lock).
+        // 3. Acquire the lock again. If any new tasks were queued during step 2, goto 1.
+        //    If not, set mConnector to non-null so future tasks are run immediately, not queued.
+        //
+        // For this to work, all calls to the tethering service must use getConnector(), which
+        // ensures that tasks are added to the queue with the lock held.
+        //
+        // Once mConnector is set to non-null, it will never be null again. If the network stack
+        // process crashes, no recovery is possible.
+        // TODO: evaluate whether it is possible to recover from network stack process crashes
+        // (though in most cases the system will have crashed when the network stack process
+        // crashes).
+        do {
+            final List<ConnectorConsumer> localWaitQueue;
+            synchronized (mConnectorWaitQueue) {
+                localWaitQueue = new ArrayList<>(mConnectorWaitQueue);
+                mConnectorWaitQueue.clear();
+            }
+
+            // Allow more tasks to be added at the end without blocking while draining the queue.
+            for (ConnectorConsumer task : localWaitQueue) {
+                try {
+                    task.onConnectorAvailable(connector);
+                } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                    // Most likely the network stack process crashed, which is likely to crash the
+                    // system. Keep processing other requests but report the error loudly.
+                    Log.wtf(TAG, "Error processing request for the tethering connector", e);
+                }
+            }
+
+            synchronized (mConnectorWaitQueue) {
+                if (mConnectorWaitQueue.size() == 0) {
+                    mConnector = connector;
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        } while (true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously get the ITetheringConnector to execute some operation.
+     *
+     * <p>If the connector is already available, the operation will be executed on the caller's
+     * thread. Otherwise it will be queued and executed on a worker thread. The operation should be
+     * limited to performing oneway binder calls to minimize differences due to threading.
+     */
+    private void getConnector(ConnectorConsumer consumer) {
+        final ITetheringConnector connector;
+        synchronized (mConnectorWaitQueue) {
+            connector = mConnector;
+            if (connector == null) {
+                mConnectorWaitQueue.add(consumer);
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        try {
+            consumer.onConnectorAvailable(connector);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private interface RequestHelper {
+        void runRequest(ITetheringConnector connector, IIntResultListener listener);
+    }
+
+    // Used to dispatch legacy ConnectivityManager methods that expect tethering to be able to
+    // return results and perform operations synchronously.
+    // TODO: remove once there are no callers of these legacy methods.
+    private class RequestDispatcher {
+        private final ConditionVariable mWaiting;
+        public volatile int mRemoteResult;
+
+        private final IIntResultListener mListener = new IIntResultListener.Stub() {
+                @Override
+                public void onResult(final int resultCode) {
+                    mRemoteResult = resultCode;
+                    mWaiting.open();
+                }
+        };
+
+        RequestDispatcher() {
+            mWaiting = new ConditionVariable();
+        }
+
+        int waitForResult(final RequestHelper request) {
+            getConnector(c -> request.runRequest(c, mListener));
+            if (!mWaiting.block(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS)) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Callback timeout");
+            }
+
+            throwIfPermissionFailure(mRemoteResult);
+
+            return mRemoteResult;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void throwIfPermissionFailure(final int errorCode) {
+        switch (errorCode) {
+            case TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION:
+                throw new SecurityException("No android.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED"
+                        + " or android.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS permission");
+            case TETHER_ERROR_NO_ACCESS_TETHERING_PERMISSION:
+                throw new SecurityException(
+                        "No android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE permission");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A request for a tethered interface.
+     *
+     * There are two reasons why this doesn't implement CLoseable:
+     * 1. To consistency with the existing EthernetManager.TetheredInterfaceRequest, which is
+     * already released.
+     * 2. This is not synchronous, so it's not useful to use try-with-resources.
+     *
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @SuppressLint("NotCloseable")
+    public interface TetheredInterfaceRequest {
+        /**
+         * Release the request to tear down tethered interface.
+         */
+        void release();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Callback for requestTetheredInterface.
+     *
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public interface TetheredInterfaceCallback {
+        /**
+         * Called when the tethered interface is available.
+         * @param iface The name of the interface.
+         */
+        void onAvailable(@NonNull String iface);
+
+        /**
+         * Called when the tethered interface is now unavailable.
+         */
+        void onUnavailable();
+    }
+
+    private static class TetheringCallbackInternal extends ITetheringEventCallback.Stub {
+        private volatile int mError = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+        private final ConditionVariable mWaitForCallback = new ConditionVariable();
+        // This object is never garbage collected because the Tethering code running in
+        // the system server always maintains a reference to it for as long as
+        // mCallback is registered.
+        //
+        // Don't keep a strong reference to TetheringManager because otherwise
+        // TetheringManager cannot be garbage collected, and because TetheringManager
+        // stores the Context that it was created from, this will prevent the calling
+        // Activity from being garbage collected as well.
+        private final WeakReference<TetheringManager> mTetheringMgrRef;
+
+        TetheringCallbackInternal(final TetheringManager tm) {
+            mTetheringMgrRef = new WeakReference<>(tm);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onCallbackStarted(TetheringCallbackStartedParcel parcel) {
+            TetheringManager tetheringMgr = mTetheringMgrRef.get();
+            if (tetheringMgr != null) {
+                tetheringMgr.mTetheringConfiguration = parcel.config;
+                tetheringMgr.mTetherStatesParcel = parcel.states;
+                mWaitForCallback.open();
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onCallbackStopped(int errorCode) {
+            TetheringManager tetheringMgr = mTetheringMgrRef.get();
+            if (tetheringMgr != null) {
+                mError = errorCode;
+                mWaitForCallback.open();
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onUpstreamChanged(Network network) { }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onConfigurationChanged(TetheringConfigurationParcel config) {
+            TetheringManager tetheringMgr = mTetheringMgrRef.get();
+            if (tetheringMgr != null) tetheringMgr.mTetheringConfiguration = config;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onTetherStatesChanged(TetherStatesParcel states) {
+            TetheringManager tetheringMgr = mTetheringMgrRef.get();
+            if (tetheringMgr != null) tetheringMgr.mTetherStatesParcel = states;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onTetherClientsChanged(List<TetheredClient> clients) { }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onOffloadStatusChanged(int status) { }
+
+        public void waitForStarted() {
+            mWaitForCallback.block(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS);
+            throwIfPermissionFailure(mError);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Attempt to tether the named interface.  This will setup a dhcp server
+     * on the interface, forward and NAT IP v4 packets and forward DNS requests
+     * to the best active upstream network interface.  Note that if no upstream
+     * IP network interface is available, dhcp will still run and traffic will be
+     * allowed between the tethered devices and this device, though upstream net
+     * access will of course fail until an upstream network interface becomes
+     * active.
+     *
+     * @deprecated The only usages is PanService. It uses this for legacy reasons
+     * and will migrate away as soon as possible.
+     *
+     * @param iface the interface name to tether.
+     * @return error a {@code TETHER_ERROR} value indicating success or failure type
+     *
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public int tether(@NonNull final String iface) {
+        final String callerPkg = mContext.getOpPackageName();
+        Log.i(TAG, "tether caller:" + callerPkg);
+        final RequestDispatcher dispatcher = new RequestDispatcher();
+
+        return dispatcher.waitForResult((connector, listener) -> {
+            try {
+                connector.tether(iface, callerPkg, getAttributionTag(), listener);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the context's attribution tag
+     */
+    private @Nullable String getAttributionTag() {
+        return mContext.getAttributionTag();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stop tethering the named interface.
+     *
+     * @deprecated The only usages is PanService. It uses this for legacy reasons
+     * and will migrate away as soon as possible.
+     *
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public int untether(@NonNull final String iface) {
+        final String callerPkg = mContext.getOpPackageName();
+        Log.i(TAG, "untether caller:" + callerPkg);
+
+        final RequestDispatcher dispatcher = new RequestDispatcher();
+
+        return dispatcher.waitForResult((connector, listener) -> {
+            try {
+                connector.untether(iface, callerPkg, getAttributionTag(), listener);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Attempt to both alter the mode of USB and Tethering of USB.
+     *
+     * @deprecated New clients should not use this API anymore. All clients should use
+     * #startTethering or #stopTethering which encapsulate proper entitlement logic. If the API is
+     * used and an entitlement check is needed, downstream USB tethering will be enabled but will
+     * not have any upstream.
+     *
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public int setUsbTethering(final boolean enable) {
+        final String callerPkg = mContext.getOpPackageName();
+        Log.i(TAG, "setUsbTethering caller:" + callerPkg);
+
+        final RequestDispatcher dispatcher = new RequestDispatcher();
+
+        return dispatcher.waitForResult((connector, listener) -> {
+            try {
+                connector.setUsbTethering(enable, callerPkg, getAttributionTag(),
+                        listener);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates that this tethering connection will provide connectivity beyond this device (e.g.,
+     * global Internet access).
+     */
+    public static final int CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates that this tethering connection will only provide local connectivity.
+     */
+    public static final int CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL = 2;
+
+    /**
+     * Connectivity scopes for {@link TetheringRequest.Builder#setConnectivityScope}.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(prefix = "CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_", value = {
+            CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL,
+            CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL,
+    })
+    public @interface ConnectivityScope {}
+
+    /**
+     *  Use with {@link #startTethering} to specify additional parameters when starting tethering.
+     */
+    public static class TetheringRequest {
+        /** A configuration set for TetheringRequest. */
+        private final TetheringRequestParcel mRequestParcel;
+
+        private TetheringRequest(final TetheringRequestParcel request) {
+            mRequestParcel = request;
+        }
+
+        /** Builder used to create TetheringRequest. */
+        public static class Builder {
+            private final TetheringRequestParcel mBuilderParcel;
+
+            /** Default constructor of Builder. */
+            public Builder(@TetheringType final int type) {
+                mBuilderParcel = new TetheringRequestParcel();
+                mBuilderParcel.tetheringType = type;
+                mBuilderParcel.localIPv4Address = null;
+                mBuilderParcel.staticClientAddress = null;
+                mBuilderParcel.exemptFromEntitlementCheck = false;
+                mBuilderParcel.showProvisioningUi = true;
+                mBuilderParcel.connectivityScope = getDefaultConnectivityScope(type);
+            }
+
+            /**
+             * Configure tethering with static IPv4 assignment.
+             *
+             * A DHCP server will be started, but will only be able to offer the client address.
+             * The two addresses must be in the same prefix.
+             *
+             * @param localIPv4Address The preferred local IPv4 link address to use.
+             * @param clientAddress The static client address.
+             */
+            @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED)
+            @NonNull
+            public Builder setStaticIpv4Addresses(@NonNull final LinkAddress localIPv4Address,
+                    @NonNull final LinkAddress clientAddress) {
+                Objects.requireNonNull(localIPv4Address);
+                Objects.requireNonNull(clientAddress);
+                if (!checkStaticAddressConfiguration(localIPv4Address, clientAddress)) {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid server or client addresses");
+                }
+
+                mBuilderParcel.localIPv4Address = localIPv4Address;
+                mBuilderParcel.staticClientAddress = clientAddress;
+                return this;
+            }
+
+            /** Start tethering without entitlement checks. */
+            @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED)
+            @NonNull
+            public Builder setExemptFromEntitlementCheck(boolean exempt) {
+                mBuilderParcel.exemptFromEntitlementCheck = exempt;
+                return this;
+            }
+
+            /**
+             * If an entitlement check is needed, sets whether to show the entitlement UI or to
+             * perform a silent entitlement check. By default, the entitlement UI is shown.
+             */
+            @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED)
+            @NonNull
+            public Builder setShouldShowEntitlementUi(boolean showUi) {
+                mBuilderParcel.showProvisioningUi = showUi;
+                return this;
+            }
+
+            /**
+             * Sets the connectivity scope to be provided by this tethering downstream.
+             */
+            @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED)
+            @NonNull
+            public Builder setConnectivityScope(@ConnectivityScope int scope) {
+                if (!checkConnectivityScope(mBuilderParcel.tetheringType, scope)) {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid connectivity scope " + scope);
+                }
+
+                mBuilderParcel.connectivityScope = scope;
+                return this;
+            }
+
+            /** Build {@link TetheringRequest} with the currently set configuration. */
+            @NonNull
+            public TetheringRequest build() {
+                return new TetheringRequest(mBuilderParcel);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Get the local IPv4 address, if one was configured with
+         * {@link Builder#setStaticIpv4Addresses}.
+         */
+        @Nullable
+        public LinkAddress getLocalIpv4Address() {
+            return mRequestParcel.localIPv4Address;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Get the static IPv4 address of the client, if one was configured with
+         * {@link Builder#setStaticIpv4Addresses}.
+         */
+        @Nullable
+        public LinkAddress getClientStaticIpv4Address() {
+            return mRequestParcel.staticClientAddress;
+        }
+
+        /** Get tethering type. */
+        @TetheringType
+        public int getTetheringType() {
+            return mRequestParcel.tetheringType;
+        }
+
+        /** Get connectivity type */
+        @ConnectivityScope
+        public int getConnectivityScope() {
+            return mRequestParcel.connectivityScope;
+        }
+
+        /** Check if exempt from entitlement check. */
+        public boolean isExemptFromEntitlementCheck() {
+            return mRequestParcel.exemptFromEntitlementCheck;
+        }
+
+        /** Check if show entitlement ui.  */
+        public boolean getShouldShowEntitlementUi() {
+            return mRequestParcel.showProvisioningUi;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Check whether the two addresses are ipv4 and in the same prefix.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        public static boolean checkStaticAddressConfiguration(
+                @NonNull final LinkAddress localIPv4Address,
+                @NonNull final LinkAddress clientAddress) {
+            return localIPv4Address.getPrefixLength() == clientAddress.getPrefixLength()
+                    && localIPv4Address.isIpv4() && clientAddress.isIpv4()
+                    && new IpPrefix(localIPv4Address.toString()).equals(
+                    new IpPrefix(clientAddress.toString()));
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Returns the default connectivity scope for the given tethering type. Usually this is
+         * CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL, except for NCM which for historical reasons defaults to local.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        public static @ConnectivityScope int getDefaultConnectivityScope(int tetheringType) {
+            return tetheringType != TETHERING_NCM
+                    ? CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL
+                    : CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Checks whether the requested connectivity scope is allowed.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        private static boolean checkConnectivityScope(int type, int scope) {
+            if (scope == CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL) return true;
+            return type == TETHERING_USB || type == TETHERING_ETHERNET || type == TETHERING_NCM;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Get a TetheringRequestParcel from the configuration
+         * @hide
+         */
+        public TetheringRequestParcel getParcel() {
+            return mRequestParcel;
+        }
+
+        /** String of TetheringRequest detail. */
+        public String toString() {
+            return "TetheringRequest [ type= " + mRequestParcel.tetheringType
+                    + ", localIPv4Address= " + mRequestParcel.localIPv4Address
+                    + ", staticClientAddress= " + mRequestParcel.staticClientAddress
+                    + ", exemptFromEntitlementCheck= "
+                    + mRequestParcel.exemptFromEntitlementCheck + ", showProvisioningUi= "
+                    + mRequestParcel.showProvisioningUi + " ]";
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Callback for use with {@link #startTethering} to find out whether tethering succeeded.
+     */
+    public interface StartTetheringCallback {
+        /**
+         * Called when tethering has been successfully started.
+         */
+        default void onTetheringStarted() {}
+
+        /**
+         * Called when starting tethering failed.
+         *
+         * @param error The error that caused the failure.
+         */
+        default void onTetheringFailed(@StartTetheringError final int error) {}
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Starts tethering and runs tether provisioning for the given type if needed. If provisioning
+     * fails, stopTethering will be called automatically.
+     *
+     * <p>Without {@link android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED} permission, the call will
+     * fail if a tethering entitlement check is required.
+     *
+     * @param request a {@link TetheringRequest} which can specify the preferred configuration.
+     * @param executor {@link Executor} to specify the thread upon which the callback of
+     *         TetheringRequest will be invoked.
+     * @param callback A callback that will be called to indicate the success status of the
+     *                 tethering start request.
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED,
+            android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS
+    })
+    public void startTethering(@NonNull final TetheringRequest request,
+            @NonNull final Executor executor, @NonNull final StartTetheringCallback callback) {
+        final String callerPkg = mContext.getOpPackageName();
+        Log.i(TAG, "startTethering caller:" + callerPkg);
+
+        final IIntResultListener listener = new IIntResultListener.Stub() {
+            @Override
+            public void onResult(final int resultCode) {
+                executor.execute(() -> {
+                    if (resultCode == TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR) {
+                        callback.onTetheringStarted();
+                    } else {
+                        callback.onTetheringFailed(resultCode);
+                    }
+                });
+            }
+        };
+        getConnector(c -> c.startTethering(request.getParcel(), callerPkg,
+                getAttributionTag(), listener));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Starts tethering and runs tether provisioning for the given type if needed. If provisioning
+     * fails, stopTethering will be called automatically.
+     *
+     * <p>Without {@link android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED} permission, the call will
+     * fail if a tethering entitlement check is required.
+     *
+     * @param type The tethering type, on of the {@code TetheringManager#TETHERING_*} constants.
+     * @param executor {@link Executor} to specify the thread upon which the callback of
+     *         TetheringRequest will be invoked.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED,
+            android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS
+    })
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public void startTethering(int type, @NonNull final Executor executor,
+            @NonNull final StartTetheringCallback callback) {
+        startTethering(new TetheringRequest.Builder(type).build(), executor, callback);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stops tethering for the given type. Also cancels any provisioning rechecks for that type if
+     * applicable.
+     *
+     * <p>Without {@link android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED} permission, the call will
+     * fail if a tethering entitlement check is required.
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED,
+            android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS
+    })
+    public void stopTethering(@TetheringType final int type) {
+        final String callerPkg = mContext.getOpPackageName();
+        Log.i(TAG, "stopTethering caller:" + callerPkg);
+
+        getConnector(c -> c.stopTethering(type, callerPkg, getAttributionTag(),
+                new IIntResultListener.Stub() {
+            @Override
+            public void onResult(int resultCode) {
+                // TODO: provide an API to obtain result
+                // This has never been possible as stopTethering has always been void and never
+                // taken a callback object. The only indication that callers have is if the call
+                // results in a TETHER_STATE_CHANGE broadcast.
+            }
+        }));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Callback for use with {@link #getLatestTetheringEntitlementResult} to find out whether
+     * entitlement succeeded.
+     */
+    public interface OnTetheringEntitlementResultListener  {
+        /**
+         * Called to notify entitlement result.
+         *
+         * @param resultCode an int value of entitlement result. It may be one of
+         *         {@link #TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR},
+         *         {@link #TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED}, or
+         *         {@link #TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKNOWN}.
+         */
+        void onTetheringEntitlementResult(@EntitlementResult int result);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Request the latest value of the tethering entitlement check.
+     *
+     * <p>This method will only return the latest entitlement result if it is available. If no
+     * cached entitlement result is available, and {@code showEntitlementUi} is false,
+     * {@link #TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKNOWN} will be returned. If {@code showEntitlementUi} is
+     * true, entitlement will be run.
+     *
+     * <p>Without {@link android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED} permission, the call will
+     * fail if a tethering entitlement check is required.
+     *
+     * @param type the downstream type of tethering. Must be one of {@code #TETHERING_*} constants.
+     * @param showEntitlementUi a boolean indicating whether to check result for the UI-based
+     *         entitlement check or the silent entitlement check.
+     * @param executor the executor on which callback will be invoked.
+     * @param listener an {@link OnTetheringEntitlementResultListener} which will be called to
+     *         notify the caller of the result of entitlement check. The listener may be called zero
+     *         or one time.
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED,
+            android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS
+    })
+    public void requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(@TetheringType int type,
+            boolean showEntitlementUi,
+            @NonNull Executor executor,
+            @NonNull final OnTetheringEntitlementResultListener listener) {
+        if (listener == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "OnTetheringEntitlementResultListener cannot be null.");
+        }
+
+        ResultReceiver wrappedListener = new ResultReceiver(null /* handler */) {
+            @Override
+            protected void onReceiveResult(int resultCode, Bundle resultData) {
+                executor.execute(() -> {
+                    listener.onTetheringEntitlementResult(resultCode);
+                });
+            }
+        };
+
+        requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(type, wrappedListener,
+                    showEntitlementUi);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper function of #requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult to remain backwards compatible
+     * with ConnectivityManager#getLatestTetheringEntitlementResult
+     *
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    // TODO: improve the usage of ResultReceiver, b/145096122
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public void requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(@TetheringType final int type,
+            @NonNull final ResultReceiver receiver, final boolean showEntitlementUi) {
+        final String callerPkg = mContext.getOpPackageName();
+        Log.i(TAG, "getLatestTetheringEntitlementResult caller:" + callerPkg);
+
+        getConnector(c -> c.requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(
+                type, receiver, showEntitlementUi, callerPkg, getAttributionTag()));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Callback for use with {@link registerTetheringEventCallback} to find out tethering
+     * upstream status.
+     */
+    public interface TetheringEventCallback {
+        /**
+         * Called when tethering supported status changed.
+         *
+         * <p>This will be called immediately after the callback is registered, and may be called
+         * multiple times later upon changes.
+         *
+         * <p>Tethering may be disabled via system properties, device configuration, or device
+         * policy restrictions.
+         *
+         * @param supported The new supported status
+         */
+        default void onTetheringSupported(boolean supported) {}
+
+        /**
+         * Called when tethering upstream changed.
+         *
+         * <p>This will be called immediately after the callback is registered, and may be called
+         * multiple times later upon changes.
+         *
+         * @param network the {@link Network} of tethering upstream. Null means tethering doesn't
+         * have any upstream.
+         */
+        default void onUpstreamChanged(@Nullable Network network) {}
+
+        /**
+         * Called when there was a change in tethering interface regular expressions.
+         *
+         * <p>This will be called immediately after the callback is registered, and may be called
+         * multiple times later upon changes.
+         * @param reg The new regular expressions.
+         *
+         * @deprecated New clients should use the callbacks with {@link TetheringInterface} which
+         * has the mapping between tethering type and interface. InterfaceRegex is no longer needed
+         * to determine the mapping of tethering type and interface.
+         *
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @Deprecated
+        @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+        default void onTetherableInterfaceRegexpsChanged(@NonNull TetheringInterfaceRegexps reg) {}
+
+        /**
+         * Called when there was a change in the list of tetherable interfaces. Tetherable
+         * interface means this interface is available and can be used for tethering.
+         *
+         * <p>This will be called immediately after the callback is registered, and may be called
+         * multiple times later upon changes.
+         * @param interfaces The list of tetherable interface names.
+         */
+        default void onTetherableInterfacesChanged(@NonNull List<String> interfaces) {}
+
+        /**
+         * Called when there was a change in the list of tetherable interfaces. Tetherable
+         * interface means this interface is available and can be used for tethering.
+         *
+         * <p>This will be called immediately after the callback is registered, and may be called
+         * multiple times later upon changes.
+         * @param interfaces The set of TetheringInterface of currently tetherable interface.
+         */
+        default void onTetherableInterfacesChanged(@NonNull Set<TetheringInterface> interfaces) {
+            // By default, the new callback calls the old callback, so apps
+            // implementing the old callback just work.
+            onTetherableInterfacesChanged(toIfaces(interfaces));
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Called when there was a change in the list of tethered interfaces.
+         *
+         * <p>This will be called immediately after the callback is registered, and may be called
+         * multiple times later upon changes.
+         * @param interfaces The lit of 0 or more String of currently tethered interface names.
+         */
+        default void onTetheredInterfacesChanged(@NonNull List<String> interfaces) {}
+
+        /**
+         * Called when there was a change in the list of tethered interfaces.
+         *
+         * <p>This will be called immediately after the callback is registered, and may be called
+         * multiple times later upon changes.
+         * @param interfaces The set of 0 or more TetheringInterface of currently tethered
+         * interface.
+         */
+        default void onTetheredInterfacesChanged(@NonNull Set<TetheringInterface> interfaces) {
+            // By default, the new callback calls the old callback, so apps
+            // implementing the old callback just work.
+            onTetheredInterfacesChanged(toIfaces(interfaces));
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Called when there was a change in the list of local-only interfaces.
+         *
+         * <p>This will be called immediately after the callback is registered, and may be called
+         * multiple times later upon changes.
+         * @param interfaces The list of 0 or more String of active local-only interface names.
+         */
+        default void onLocalOnlyInterfacesChanged(@NonNull List<String> interfaces) {}
+
+        /**
+         * Called when there was a change in the list of local-only interfaces.
+         *
+         * <p>This will be called immediately after the callback is registered, and may be called
+         * multiple times later upon changes.
+         * @param interfaces The set of 0 or more TetheringInterface of active local-only
+         * interface.
+         */
+        default void onLocalOnlyInterfacesChanged(@NonNull Set<TetheringInterface> interfaces) {
+            // By default, the new callback calls the old callback, so apps
+            // implementing the old callback just work.
+            onLocalOnlyInterfacesChanged(toIfaces(interfaces));
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Called when an error occurred configuring tethering.
+         *
+         * <p>This will be called immediately after the callback is registered if the latest status
+         * on the interface is an error, and may be called multiple times later upon changes.
+         * @param ifName Name of the interface.
+         * @param error One of {@code TetheringManager#TETHER_ERROR_*}.
+         */
+        default void onError(@NonNull String ifName, @TetheringIfaceError int error) {}
+
+        /**
+         * Called when an error occurred configuring tethering.
+         *
+         * <p>This will be called immediately after the callback is registered if the latest status
+         * on the interface is an error, and may be called multiple times later upon changes.
+         * @param iface The interface that experienced the error.
+         * @param error One of {@code TetheringManager#TETHER_ERROR_*}.
+         */
+        default void onError(@NonNull TetheringInterface iface, @TetheringIfaceError int error) {
+            // By default, the new callback calls the old callback, so apps
+            // implementing the old callback just work.
+            onError(iface.getInterface(), error);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Called when the list of tethered clients changes.
+         *
+         * <p>This callback provides best-effort information on connected clients based on state
+         * known to the system, however the list cannot be completely accurate (and should not be
+         * used for security purposes). For example, clients behind a bridge and using static IP
+         * assignments are not visible to the tethering device; or even when using DHCP, such
+         * clients may still be reported by this callback after disconnection as the system cannot
+         * determine if they are still connected.
+         * @param clients The new set of tethered clients; the collection is not ordered.
+         */
+        default void onClientsChanged(@NonNull Collection<TetheredClient> clients) {}
+
+        /**
+         * Called when tethering offload status changes.
+         *
+         * <p>This will be called immediately after the callback is registered.
+         * @param status The offload status.
+         */
+        default void onOffloadStatusChanged(@TetherOffloadStatus int status) {}
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Covert DownStreamInterface collection to interface String array list. Internal use only.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static ArrayList<String> toIfaces(Collection<TetheringInterface> tetherIfaces) {
+        final ArrayList<String> ifaces = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (TetheringInterface tether : tetherIfaces) {
+            ifaces.add(tether.getInterface());
+        }
+
+        return ifaces;
+    }
+
+    private static String[] toIfaces(TetheringInterface[] tetherIfaces) {
+        final String[] ifaces = new String[tetherIfaces.length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < tetherIfaces.length; i++) {
+            ifaces[i] = tetherIfaces[i].getInterface();
+        }
+
+        return ifaces;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Regular expressions used to identify tethering interfaces.
+     *
+     * @deprecated Instead of using regex to determine tethering type. New client could use the
+     * callbacks with {@link TetheringInterface} which has the mapping of type and interface.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static class TetheringInterfaceRegexps {
+        private final String[] mTetherableBluetoothRegexs;
+        private final String[] mTetherableUsbRegexs;
+        private final String[] mTetherableWifiRegexs;
+
+        /** @hide */
+        public TetheringInterfaceRegexps(@NonNull String[] tetherableBluetoothRegexs,
+                @NonNull String[] tetherableUsbRegexs, @NonNull String[] tetherableWifiRegexs) {
+            mTetherableBluetoothRegexs = tetherableBluetoothRegexs.clone();
+            mTetherableUsbRegexs = tetherableUsbRegexs.clone();
+            mTetherableWifiRegexs = tetherableWifiRegexs.clone();
+        }
+
+        @NonNull
+        public List<String> getTetherableBluetoothRegexs() {
+            return Collections.unmodifiableList(Arrays.asList(mTetherableBluetoothRegexs));
+        }
+
+        @NonNull
+        public List<String> getTetherableUsbRegexs() {
+            return Collections.unmodifiableList(Arrays.asList(mTetherableUsbRegexs));
+        }
+
+        @NonNull
+        public List<String> getTetherableWifiRegexs() {
+            return Collections.unmodifiableList(Arrays.asList(mTetherableWifiRegexs));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int hashCode() {
+            return Objects.hash(mTetherableBluetoothRegexs, mTetherableUsbRegexs,
+                    mTetherableWifiRegexs);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
+            if (!(obj instanceof TetheringInterfaceRegexps)) return false;
+            final TetheringInterfaceRegexps other = (TetheringInterfaceRegexps) obj;
+            return Arrays.equals(mTetherableBluetoothRegexs, other.mTetherableBluetoothRegexs)
+                    && Arrays.equals(mTetherableUsbRegexs, other.mTetherableUsbRegexs)
+                    && Arrays.equals(mTetherableWifiRegexs, other.mTetherableWifiRegexs);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start listening to tethering change events. Any new added callback will receive the last
+     * tethering status right away. If callback is registered,
+     * {@link TetheringEventCallback#onUpstreamChanged} will immediately be called. If tethering
+     * has no upstream or disabled, the argument of callback will be null. The same callback object
+     * cannot be registered twice.
+     *
+     * @param executor the executor on which callback will be invoked.
+     * @param callback the callback to be called when tethering has change events.
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
+    public void registerTetheringEventCallback(@NonNull Executor executor,
+            @NonNull TetheringEventCallback callback) {
+        final String callerPkg = mContext.getOpPackageName();
+        Log.i(TAG, "registerTetheringEventCallback caller:" + callerPkg);
+
+        synchronized (mTetheringEventCallbacks) {
+            if (mTetheringEventCallbacks.containsKey(callback)) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("callback was already registered.");
+            }
+            final ITetheringEventCallback remoteCallback = new ITetheringEventCallback.Stub() {
+                // Only accessed with a lock on this object
+                private final HashMap<TetheringInterface, Integer> mErrorStates = new HashMap<>();
+                private TetheringInterface[] mLastTetherableInterfaces = null;
+                private TetheringInterface[] mLastTetheredInterfaces = null;
+                private TetheringInterface[] mLastLocalOnlyInterfaces = null;
+
+                @Override
+                public void onUpstreamChanged(Network network) throws RemoteException {
+                    executor.execute(() -> {
+                        callback.onUpstreamChanged(network);
+                    });
+                }
+
+                private synchronized void sendErrorCallbacks(final TetherStatesParcel newStates) {
+                    for (int i = 0; i < newStates.erroredIfaceList.length; i++) {
+                        final TetheringInterface tetherIface = newStates.erroredIfaceList[i];
+                        final Integer lastError = mErrorStates.get(tetherIface);
+                        final int newError = newStates.lastErrorList[i];
+                        if (newError != TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR
+                                && !Objects.equals(lastError, newError)) {
+                            callback.onError(tetherIface, newError);
+                        }
+                        mErrorStates.put(tetherIface, newError);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                private synchronized void maybeSendTetherableIfacesChangedCallback(
+                        final TetherStatesParcel newStates) {
+                    if (Arrays.equals(mLastTetherableInterfaces, newStates.availableList)) return;
+                    mLastTetherableInterfaces = newStates.availableList.clone();
+                    callback.onTetherableInterfacesChanged(
+                            Collections.unmodifiableSet((new ArraySet(mLastTetherableInterfaces))));
+                }
+
+                private synchronized void maybeSendTetheredIfacesChangedCallback(
+                        final TetherStatesParcel newStates) {
+                    if (Arrays.equals(mLastTetheredInterfaces, newStates.tetheredList)) return;
+                    mLastTetheredInterfaces = newStates.tetheredList.clone();
+                    callback.onTetheredInterfacesChanged(
+                            Collections.unmodifiableSet((new ArraySet(mLastTetheredInterfaces))));
+                }
+
+                private synchronized void maybeSendLocalOnlyIfacesChangedCallback(
+                        final TetherStatesParcel newStates) {
+                    if (Arrays.equals(mLastLocalOnlyInterfaces, newStates.localOnlyList)) return;
+                    mLastLocalOnlyInterfaces = newStates.localOnlyList.clone();
+                    callback.onLocalOnlyInterfacesChanged(
+                            Collections.unmodifiableSet((new ArraySet(mLastLocalOnlyInterfaces))));
+                }
+
+                // Called immediately after the callbacks are registered.
+                @Override
+                public void onCallbackStarted(TetheringCallbackStartedParcel parcel) {
+                    executor.execute(() -> {
+                        callback.onTetheringSupported(parcel.tetheringSupported);
+                        callback.onUpstreamChanged(parcel.upstreamNetwork);
+                        sendErrorCallbacks(parcel.states);
+                        sendRegexpsChanged(parcel.config);
+                        maybeSendTetherableIfacesChangedCallback(parcel.states);
+                        maybeSendTetheredIfacesChangedCallback(parcel.states);
+                        maybeSendLocalOnlyIfacesChangedCallback(parcel.states);
+                        callback.onClientsChanged(parcel.tetheredClients);
+                        callback.onOffloadStatusChanged(parcel.offloadStatus);
+                    });
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public void onCallbackStopped(int errorCode) {
+                    executor.execute(() -> {
+                        throwIfPermissionFailure(errorCode);
+                    });
+                }
+
+                private void sendRegexpsChanged(TetheringConfigurationParcel parcel) {
+                    callback.onTetherableInterfaceRegexpsChanged(new TetheringInterfaceRegexps(
+                            parcel.tetherableBluetoothRegexs,
+                            parcel.tetherableUsbRegexs,
+                            parcel.tetherableWifiRegexs));
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public void onConfigurationChanged(TetheringConfigurationParcel config) {
+                    executor.execute(() -> sendRegexpsChanged(config));
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public void onTetherStatesChanged(TetherStatesParcel states) {
+                    executor.execute(() -> {
+                        sendErrorCallbacks(states);
+                        maybeSendTetherableIfacesChangedCallback(states);
+                        maybeSendTetheredIfacesChangedCallback(states);
+                        maybeSendLocalOnlyIfacesChangedCallback(states);
+                    });
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public void onTetherClientsChanged(final List<TetheredClient> clients) {
+                    executor.execute(() -> callback.onClientsChanged(clients));
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public void onOffloadStatusChanged(final int status) {
+                    executor.execute(() -> callback.onOffloadStatusChanged(status));
+                }
+            };
+            getConnector(c -> c.registerTetheringEventCallback(remoteCallback, callerPkg));
+            mTetheringEventCallbacks.put(callback, remoteCallback);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove tethering event callback previously registered with
+     * {@link #registerTetheringEventCallback}.
+     *
+     * @param callback previously registered callback.
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED,
+            Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE
+    })
+    public void unregisterTetheringEventCallback(@NonNull final TetheringEventCallback callback) {
+        final String callerPkg = mContext.getOpPackageName();
+        Log.i(TAG, "unregisterTetheringEventCallback caller:" + callerPkg);
+
+        synchronized (mTetheringEventCallbacks) {
+            ITetheringEventCallback remoteCallback = mTetheringEventCallbacks.remove(callback);
+            if (remoteCallback == null) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("callback was not registered.");
+            }
+
+            getConnector(c -> c.unregisterTetheringEventCallback(remoteCallback, callerPkg));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a more detailed error code after a Tethering or Untethering
+     * request asynchronously failed.
+     *
+     * @param iface The name of the interface of interest
+     * @return error The error code of the last error tethering or untethering the named
+     *               interface
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public int getLastTetherError(@NonNull final String iface) {
+        mCallback.waitForStarted();
+        if (mTetherStatesParcel == null) return TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+
+        int i = 0;
+        for (TetheringInterface errored : mTetherStatesParcel.erroredIfaceList) {
+            if (iface.equals(errored.getInterface())) return mTetherStatesParcel.lastErrorList[i];
+
+            i++;
+        }
+        return TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the list of regular expressions that define any tetherable
+     * USB network interfaces.  If USB tethering is not supported by the
+     * device, this list should be empty.
+     *
+     * @return an array of 0 or more regular expression Strings defining
+     *        what interfaces are considered tetherable usb interfaces.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public @NonNull String[] getTetherableUsbRegexs() {
+        mCallback.waitForStarted();
+        return mTetheringConfiguration.tetherableUsbRegexs;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the list of regular expressions that define any tetherable
+     * Wifi network interfaces.  If Wifi tethering is not supported by the
+     * device, this list should be empty.
+     *
+     * @return an array of 0 or more regular expression Strings defining
+     *        what interfaces are considered tetherable wifi interfaces.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public @NonNull String[] getTetherableWifiRegexs() {
+        mCallback.waitForStarted();
+        return mTetheringConfiguration.tetherableWifiRegexs;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the list of regular expressions that define any tetherable
+     * Bluetooth network interfaces.  If Bluetooth tethering is not supported by the
+     * device, this list should be empty.
+     *
+     * @return an array of 0 or more regular expression Strings defining
+     *        what interfaces are considered tetherable bluetooth interfaces.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public @NonNull String[] getTetherableBluetoothRegexs() {
+        mCallback.waitForStarted();
+        return mTetheringConfiguration.tetherableBluetoothRegexs;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the set of tetherable, available interfaces.  This list is limited by
+     * device configuration and current interface existence.
+     *
+     * @return an array of 0 or more Strings of tetherable interface names.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public @NonNull String[] getTetherableIfaces() {
+        mCallback.waitForStarted();
+        if (mTetherStatesParcel == null) return new String[0];
+
+        return toIfaces(mTetherStatesParcel.availableList);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the set of tethered interfaces.
+     *
+     * @return an array of 0 or more String of currently tethered interface names.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public @NonNull String[] getTetheredIfaces() {
+        mCallback.waitForStarted();
+        if (mTetherStatesParcel == null) return new String[0];
+
+        return toIfaces(mTetherStatesParcel.tetheredList);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the set of interface names which attempted to tether but
+     * failed.  Re-attempting to tether may cause them to reset to the Tethered
+     * state.  Alternatively, causing the interface to be destroyed and recreated
+     * may cause them to reset to the available state.
+     * {@link TetheringManager#getLastTetherError} can be used to get more
+     * information on the cause of the errors.
+     *
+     * @return an array of 0 or more String indicating the interface names
+     *        which failed to tether.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public @NonNull String[] getTetheringErroredIfaces() {
+        mCallback.waitForStarted();
+        if (mTetherStatesParcel == null) return new String[0];
+
+        return toIfaces(mTetherStatesParcel.erroredIfaceList);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the set of tethered dhcp ranges.
+     *
+     * @deprecated This API just return the default value which is not used in DhcpServer.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public @NonNull String[] getTetheredDhcpRanges() {
+        mCallback.waitForStarted();
+        return mTetheringConfiguration.legacyDhcpRanges;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if the device allows for tethering.  It may be disabled via
+     * {@code ro.tether.denied} system property, Settings.TETHER_SUPPORTED or
+     * due to device configuration.
+     *
+     * @return a boolean - {@code true} indicating Tethering is supported.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public boolean isTetheringSupported() {
+        final String callerPkg = mContext.getOpPackageName();
+
+        return isTetheringSupported(callerPkg);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if the device allows for tethering. It may be disabled via {@code ro.tether.denied}
+     * system property, Settings.TETHER_SUPPORTED or due to device configuration. This is useful
+     * for system components that query this API on behalf of an app. In particular, Bluetooth
+     * has @UnsupportedAppUsage calls that will let apps turn on bluetooth tethering if they have
+     * the right permissions, but such an app needs to know whether it can (permissions as well
+     * as support from the device) turn on tethering in the first place to show the appropriate UI.
+     *
+     * @param callerPkg The caller package name, if it is not matching the calling uid,
+     *       SecurityException would be thrown.
+     * @return a boolean - {@code true} indicating Tethering is supported.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public boolean isTetheringSupported(@NonNull final String callerPkg) {
+
+        final RequestDispatcher dispatcher = new RequestDispatcher();
+        final int ret = dispatcher.waitForResult((connector, listener) -> {
+            try {
+                connector.isTetheringSupported(callerPkg, getAttributionTag(), listener);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+            }
+        });
+
+        return ret == TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stop all active tethering.
+     *
+     * <p>Without {@link android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED} permission, the call will
+     * fail if a tethering entitlement check is required.
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED,
+            android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS
+    })
+    public void stopAllTethering() {
+        final String callerPkg = mContext.getOpPackageName();
+        Log.i(TAG, "stopAllTethering caller:" + callerPkg);
+
+        getConnector(c -> c.stopAllTethering(callerPkg, getAttributionTag(),
+                new IIntResultListener.Stub() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onResult(int resultCode) {
+                        // TODO: add an API parameter to send result to caller.
+                        // This has never been possible as stopAllTethering has always been void
+                        // and never taken a callback object. The only indication that callers have
+                        // is if the call results in a TETHER_STATE_CHANGE broadcast.
+                    }
+                }));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Whether to treat networks that have TRANSPORT_TEST as Tethering upstreams. The effects of
+     * this method apply to any test networks that are already present on the system.
+     *
+     * @throws SecurityException If the caller doesn't have the NETWORK_SETTINGS permission.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS)
+    public void setPreferTestNetworks(final boolean prefer) {
+        Log.i(TAG, "setPreferTestNetworks caller: " + mContext.getOpPackageName());
+
+        final RequestDispatcher dispatcher = new RequestDispatcher();
+        final int ret = dispatcher.waitForResult((connector, listener) -> {
+            try {
+                connector.setPreferTestNetworks(prefer, listener);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringRequestParcel.aidl b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringRequestParcel.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f13c970
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringRequestParcel.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+
+/**
+ * Configuration details for requesting tethering.
+ * @hide
+ */
+parcelable TetheringRequestParcel {
+    int tetheringType;
+    LinkAddress localIPv4Address;
+    LinkAddress staticClientAddress;
+    boolean exemptFromEntitlementCheck;
+    boolean showProvisioningUi;
+    int connectivityScope;
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/jarjar-rules.txt b/Tethering/jarjar-rules.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5de4b97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/jarjar-rules.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# These must be kept in sync with the framework-connectivity-shared-srcs filegroup.
+# Classes from the framework-connectivity-shared-srcs filegroup.
+# If there are files in that filegroup that are not covered below, the classes in the
+# module will be overwritten by the ones in the framework.
+rule com.android.internal.util.** com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.@1
+rule android.util.LocalLog* com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.LocalLog@1
+
+rule android.net.shared.Inet4AddressUtils* com.android.networkstack.tethering.shared.Inet4AddressUtils@1
+
+# Classes from net-utils-framework-common
+rule com.android.net.module.util.** com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.@1
+
+# Classes from net-utils-device-common
+rule com.android.net.module.util.Struct* com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.Struct@1
diff --git a/Tethering/jni/com_android_networkstack_tethering_BpfCoordinator.cpp b/Tethering/jni/com_android_networkstack_tethering_BpfCoordinator.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27357f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/jni/com_android_networkstack_tethering_BpfCoordinator.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <jni.h>
+#include <nativehelper/JNIHelp.h>
+
+#include "bpf_tethering.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+static jobjectArray getBpfCounterNames(JNIEnv *env) {
+    size_t size = BPF_TETHER_ERR__MAX;
+    jobjectArray ret = env->NewObjectArray(size, env->FindClass("java/lang/String"), nullptr);
+    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+        env->SetObjectArrayElement(ret, i, env->NewStringUTF(bpf_tether_errors[i]));
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * JNI registration.
+ */
+static const JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = {
+    /* name, signature, funcPtr */
+    { "getBpfCounterNames", "()[Ljava/lang/String;", (void*) getBpfCounterNames },
+};
+
+int register_com_android_networkstack_tethering_BpfCoordinator(JNIEnv* env) {
+    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env,
+            "com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinator",
+            gMethods, NELEM(gMethods));
+}
+
+}; // namespace android
diff --git a/Tethering/jni/com_android_networkstack_tethering_util_TetheringUtils.cpp b/Tethering/jni/com_android_networkstack_tethering_util_TetheringUtils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..291bf54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/jni/com_android_networkstack_tethering_util_TetheringUtils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <error.h>
+#include <jni.h>
+#include <linux/filter.h>
+#include <nativehelper/JNIHelp.h>
+#include <nativehelper/ScopedUtfChars.h>
+#include <netjniutils/netjniutils.h>
+#include <net/if.h>
+#include <netinet/ether.h>
+#include <netinet/ip6.h>
+#include <netinet/icmp6.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+static const uint32_t kIPv6NextHeaderOffset = offsetof(ip6_hdr, ip6_nxt);
+static const uint32_t kIPv6PayloadStart = sizeof(ip6_hdr);
+static const uint32_t kICMPv6TypeOffset = kIPv6PayloadStart + offsetof(icmp6_hdr, icmp6_type);
+
+static void throwSocketException(JNIEnv *env, const char* msg, int error) {
+    jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/net/SocketException", "%s: %s", msg, strerror(error));
+}
+
+static void com_android_networkstack_tethering_util_setupIcmpFilter(JNIEnv *env, jobject javaFd,
+        uint32_t type) {
+    sock_filter filter_code[] = {
+        // Check header is ICMPv6.
+        BPF_STMT(BPF_LD  | BPF_B   | BPF_ABS,  kIPv6NextHeaderOffset),
+        BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP | BPF_JEQ | BPF_K,    IPPROTO_ICMPV6, 0, 3),
+
+        // Check ICMPv6 type.
+        BPF_STMT(BPF_LD  | BPF_B   | BPF_ABS,  kICMPv6TypeOffset),
+        BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP | BPF_JEQ | BPF_K,    type, 0, 1),
+
+        // Accept or reject.
+        BPF_STMT(BPF_RET | BPF_K,              0xffff),
+        BPF_STMT(BPF_RET | BPF_K,              0)
+    };
+
+    const sock_fprog filter = {
+        sizeof(filter_code) / sizeof(filter_code[0]),
+        filter_code,
+    };
+
+    int fd = netjniutils::GetNativeFileDescriptor(env, javaFd);
+    if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ATTACH_FILTER, &filter, sizeof(filter)) != 0) {
+        throwSocketException(env, "setsockopt(SO_ATTACH_FILTER)", errno);
+    }
+}
+
+static void com_android_networkstack_tethering_util_setupNaSocket(JNIEnv *env, jobject clazz,
+        jobject javaFd) {
+    com_android_networkstack_tethering_util_setupIcmpFilter(env, javaFd, ND_NEIGHBOR_ADVERT);
+}
+
+static void com_android_networkstack_tethering_util_setupNsSocket(JNIEnv *env, jobject clazz,
+        jobject javaFd) {
+    com_android_networkstack_tethering_util_setupIcmpFilter(env, javaFd, ND_NEIGHBOR_SOLICIT);
+}
+
+static void com_android_networkstack_tethering_util_setupRaSocket(JNIEnv *env, jobject clazz,
+        jobject javaFd, jint ifIndex) {
+    static const int kLinkLocalHopLimit = 255;
+
+    int fd = netjniutils::GetNativeFileDescriptor(env, javaFd);
+
+    // Set an ICMPv6 filter that only passes Router Solicitations.
+    struct icmp6_filter rs_only;
+    ICMP6_FILTER_SETBLOCKALL(&rs_only);
+    ICMP6_FILTER_SETPASS(ND_ROUTER_SOLICIT, &rs_only);
+    socklen_t len = sizeof(rs_only);
+    if (setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_ICMPV6, ICMP6_FILTER, &rs_only, len) != 0) {
+        throwSocketException(env, "setsockopt(ICMP6_FILTER)", errno);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Most/all of the rest of these options can be set via Java code, but
+    // because we're here on account of setting an icmp6_filter go ahead
+    // and do it all natively for now.
+
+    // Set the multicast hoplimit to 255 (link-local only).
+    int hops = kLinkLocalHopLimit;
+    len = sizeof(hops);
+    if (setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS, &hops, len) != 0) {
+        throwSocketException(env, "setsockopt(IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS)", errno);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Set the unicast hoplimit to 255 (link-local only).
+    hops = kLinkLocalHopLimit;
+    len = sizeof(hops);
+    if (setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS, &hops, len) != 0) {
+        throwSocketException(env, "setsockopt(IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS)", errno);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Explicitly disable multicast loopback.
+    int off = 0;
+    len = sizeof(off);
+    if (setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP, &off, len) != 0) {
+        throwSocketException(env, "setsockopt(IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP)", errno);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Specify the IPv6 interface to use for outbound multicast.
+    len = sizeof(ifIndex);
+    if (setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MULTICAST_IF, &ifIndex, len) != 0) {
+        throwSocketException(env, "setsockopt(IPV6_MULTICAST_IF)", errno);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Additional options to be considered:
+    //     - IPV6_TCLASS
+    //     - IPV6_RECVPKTINFO
+    //     - IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT
+
+    // Bind to [::].
+    const struct sockaddr_in6 sin6 = {
+            .sin6_family = AF_INET6,
+            .sin6_port = 0,
+            .sin6_flowinfo = 0,
+            .sin6_addr = IN6ADDR_ANY_INIT,
+            .sin6_scope_id = 0,
+    };
+    auto sa = reinterpret_cast<const struct sockaddr *>(&sin6);
+    len = sizeof(sin6);
+    if (bind(fd, sa, len) != 0) {
+        throwSocketException(env, "bind(IN6ADDR_ANY)", errno);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Join the all-routers multicast group, ff02::2%index.
+    struct ipv6_mreq all_rtrs = {
+        .ipv6mr_multiaddr = {{{0xff,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2}}},
+        .ipv6mr_interface = ifIndex,
+    };
+    len = sizeof(all_rtrs);
+    if (setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_JOIN_GROUP, &all_rtrs, len) != 0) {
+        throwSocketException(env, "setsockopt(IPV6_JOIN_GROUP)", errno);
+        return;
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * JNI registration.
+ */
+static const JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = {
+    /* name, signature, funcPtr */
+    { "setupNaSocket", "(Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;)V",
+        (void*) com_android_networkstack_tethering_util_setupNaSocket },
+    { "setupNsSocket", "(Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;)V",
+        (void*) com_android_networkstack_tethering_util_setupNsSocket },
+    { "setupRaSocket", "(Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;I)V",
+        (void*) com_android_networkstack_tethering_util_setupRaSocket },
+};
+
+int register_com_android_networkstack_tethering_util_TetheringUtils(JNIEnv* env) {
+    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env,
+            "com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/TetheringUtils",
+            gMethods, NELEM(gMethods));
+}
+
+}; // namespace android
diff --git a/Tethering/jni/onload.cpp b/Tethering/jni/onload.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed80128
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/jni/onload.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <nativehelper/JNIHelp.h>
+#include "jni.h"
+
+#define LOG_TAG "TetheringJni"
+#include <android/log.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+int register_com_android_net_module_util_BpfMap(JNIEnv* env, char const* class_name);
+int register_com_android_net_module_util_TcUtils(JNIEnv* env, char const* class_name);
+int register_com_android_networkstack_tethering_BpfCoordinator(JNIEnv* env);
+int register_com_android_networkstack_tethering_BpfUtils(JNIEnv* env);
+int register_com_android_networkstack_tethering_util_TetheringUtils(JNIEnv* env);
+
+extern "C" jint JNI_OnLoad(JavaVM* vm, void*) {
+    JNIEnv *env;
+    if (vm->GetEnv(reinterpret_cast<void**>(&env), JNI_VERSION_1_6) != JNI_OK) {
+        __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_FATAL, LOG_TAG, "ERROR: GetEnv failed");
+        return JNI_ERR;
+    }
+
+    if (register_com_android_networkstack_tethering_util_TetheringUtils(env) < 0) return JNI_ERR;
+
+    if (register_com_android_net_module_util_BpfMap(env,
+            "com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/BpfMap") < 0) return JNI_ERR;
+
+    if (register_com_android_net_module_util_TcUtils(env,
+            "com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/TcUtils") < 0) return JNI_ERR;
+
+    if (register_com_android_networkstack_tethering_BpfCoordinator(env) < 0) return JNI_ERR;
+
+    return JNI_VERSION_1_6;
+}
+
+}; // namespace android
diff --git a/Tethering/proguard.flags b/Tethering/proguard.flags
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6735317
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/proguard.flags
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# Keep class's integer static field for MessageUtils to parsing their name.
+-keep class com.android.networkstack.tethering.Tethering$TetherMainSM {
+    static final int CMD_*;
+    static final int EVENT_*;
+}
+
+-keep class com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.BpfMap {
+    native <methods>;
+}
+
+-keep class com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.TcUtils {
+    native <methods>;
+}
+
+-keepclassmembers public class * extends com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.Struct {
+    *;
+}
+
+-keepclassmembers class android.net.ip.IpServer {
+    static final int CMD_*;
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/res/drawable-hdpi/stat_sys_tether_bluetooth.png b/Tethering/res/drawable-hdpi/stat_sys_tether_bluetooth.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9451174
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/drawable-hdpi/stat_sys_tether_bluetooth.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Tethering/res/drawable-hdpi/stat_sys_tether_general.png b/Tethering/res/drawable-hdpi/stat_sys_tether_general.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79d5756
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/drawable-hdpi/stat_sys_tether_general.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Tethering/res/drawable-hdpi/stat_sys_tether_usb.png b/Tethering/res/drawable-hdpi/stat_sys_tether_usb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cae1bd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/drawable-hdpi/stat_sys_tether_usb.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Tethering/res/drawable-ldpi/stat_sys_tether_bluetooth.png b/Tethering/res/drawable-ldpi/stat_sys_tether_bluetooth.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ffe8e8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/drawable-ldpi/stat_sys_tether_bluetooth.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Tethering/res/drawable-ldpi/stat_sys_tether_general.png b/Tethering/res/drawable-ldpi/stat_sys_tether_general.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca20f73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/drawable-ldpi/stat_sys_tether_general.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Tethering/res/drawable-ldpi/stat_sys_tether_usb.png b/Tethering/res/drawable-ldpi/stat_sys_tether_usb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65e9075
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/drawable-ldpi/stat_sys_tether_usb.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Tethering/res/drawable-mdpi/stat_sys_tether_bluetooth.png b/Tethering/res/drawable-mdpi/stat_sys_tether_bluetooth.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f42dae0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/drawable-mdpi/stat_sys_tether_bluetooth.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Tethering/res/drawable-mdpi/stat_sys_tether_general.png b/Tethering/res/drawable-mdpi/stat_sys_tether_general.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0655161
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/drawable-mdpi/stat_sys_tether_general.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Tethering/res/drawable-mdpi/stat_sys_tether_usb.png b/Tethering/res/drawable-mdpi/stat_sys_tether_usb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e2b8ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/drawable-mdpi/stat_sys_tether_usb.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Tethering/res/drawable-xhdpi/stat_sys_tether_bluetooth.png b/Tethering/res/drawable-xhdpi/stat_sys_tether_bluetooth.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f57d1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/drawable-xhdpi/stat_sys_tether_bluetooth.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Tethering/res/drawable-xhdpi/stat_sys_tether_general.png b/Tethering/res/drawable-xhdpi/stat_sys_tether_general.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..34b0cb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/drawable-xhdpi/stat_sys_tether_general.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Tethering/res/drawable-xhdpi/stat_sys_tether_usb.png b/Tethering/res/drawable-xhdpi/stat_sys_tether_usb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36afe48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/drawable-xhdpi/stat_sys_tether_usb.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Tethering/res/drawable-xxhdpi/stat_sys_tether_bluetooth.png b/Tethering/res/drawable-xxhdpi/stat_sys_tether_bluetooth.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..25acfbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/drawable-xxhdpi/stat_sys_tether_bluetooth.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Tethering/res/drawable-xxhdpi/stat_sys_tether_general.png b/Tethering/res/drawable-xxhdpi/stat_sys_tether_general.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c65601
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/drawable-xxhdpi/stat_sys_tether_general.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Tethering/res/drawable-xxhdpi/stat_sys_tether_usb.png b/Tethering/res/drawable-xxhdpi/stat_sys_tether_usb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28b4b54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/drawable-xxhdpi/stat_sys_tether_usb.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-af/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-af/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..056168b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-af/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Verbinding of warmkol is aktief"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Tik om op te stel."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Verbinding is gedeaktiveer"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Kontak jou administrateur vir besonderhede"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Warmkol- en verbindingstatus"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-am/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-am/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac468dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-am/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"እንደ ሞደም መሰካት ወይም መገናኛ ነጥብ ገባሪ"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"ለማዋቀር መታ ያድርጉ።"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"እንደ ሞደም መሰካት ተሰናክሏል"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"ለዝርዝሮች የእርስዎን አስተዳዳሪ ያነጋግሩ"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"መገናኛ ነጥብ እና እንደ ሞደም የመሰካት ሁኔታ"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-ar/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-ar/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d5bad3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-ar/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"النطاق نشط أو نقطة الاتصال نشطة"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"انقر للإعداد."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"التوصيل متوقف."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"تواصَل مع المشرف للحصول على التفاصيل."</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"حالة نقطة الاتصال والتوصيل"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-as/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-as/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0913504
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-as/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"টে\'ডাৰিং অথবা হ\'টস্প\'ট সক্ৰিয় অৱস্থাত আছে"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"ছেট আপ কৰিবলৈ টিপক।"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"টে\'ডাৰিঙৰ সুবিধাটো অক্ষম কৰি থোৱা হৈছে"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"সবিশেষ জানিবলৈ আপোনাৰ প্ৰশাসকৰ সৈতে যোগাযোগ কৰক"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"হ’টস্প\'ট আৰু টে\'ডাৰিঙৰ স্থিতি"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-az/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-az/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dce70da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-az/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Birləşmə və ya hotspot aktivdir"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Ayarlamaq üçün toxunun."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Birləşmə deaktivdir"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Detallar üçün adminlə əlaqə saxlayın"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Hotspot &amp; birləşmə statusu"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-b+sr+Latn/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-b+sr+Latn/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0774ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-b+sr+Latn/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Privezivanje ili hotspot je aktivan"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Dodirnite da biste podesili."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Privezivanje je onemogućeno"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Potražite detalje od administratora"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Status hotspota i privezivanja"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-be/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-be/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8acebe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-be/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Мадэм або хот-спот актыўныя"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Дакраніцеся, каб наладзіць."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Рэжым мадэма выключаны"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Звярніцеся да адміністратара па падрабязную інфармацыю"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Стан \"Хот-спот і мадэм\""</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-bg/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-bg/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94fb2d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-bg/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Има активна споделена връзка или точка за достъп"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Докоснете, за да настроите."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Функцията за тетъринг е деактивирана"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Свържете се с администратора си за подробности"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Състояние на функцията за точка за достъп и тетъринг"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-bn/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-bn/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aea02b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-bn/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"টিথারিং বা হটস্পট চালু আছে"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"সেট-আপ করতে ট্যাপ করুন।"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"টিথারিং বন্ধ করা আছে"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"বিশদে জানতে অ্যাডমিনের সাথে যোগাযোগ করুন"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"হটস্পট ও টিথারিং স্ট্যাটাস"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-bs/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-bs/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de23272
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-bs/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Aktivno je povezivanje putem mobitela ili pristupna tačka"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Dodirnite da postavite."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Povezivanje putem mobitela je onemogućeno"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Kontaktirajte svog administratora za detalje"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Status pristupne tačke i povezivanja putem mobitela"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-ca/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-ca/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88b795c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-ca/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Compartició de xarxa o punt d\'accés Wi‑Fi actius"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Toca per configurar."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"La compartició de xarxa està desactivada"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Contacta amb el teu administrador per obtenir més informació"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Estat del punt d\'accés Wi‑Fi i de la compartició de xarxa"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-cs/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-cs/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c1b83b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-cs/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Tethering nebo hotspot je aktivní"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Klepnutím zahájíte nastavení."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Tethering je zakázán"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"O podrobnosti požádejte administrátora"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Stav hotspotu a tetheringu"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-da/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-da/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f413e70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-da/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Netdeling eller hotspot er aktivt"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Tryk for at konfigurere."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Netdeling er deaktiveret"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Kontakt din administrator for at få oplysninger"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Status for hotspot og netdeling"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-de/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-de/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f057d78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-de/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Tethering oder Hotspot aktiv"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Zum Einrichten tippen."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Tethering ist deaktiviert"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Bitte wende dich für weitere Informationen an den Administrator"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Hotspot- und Tethering-Status"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-el/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-el/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b3c986b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-el/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Πρόσδεση ή σύνδεση σημείου πρόσβασης ενεργή"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Πατήστε για ρύθμιση."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Η σύνδεση είναι απενεργοποιημένη"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Επικοινωνήστε με τον διαχειριστή σας για λεπτομέρειες"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Κατάσταση σημείου πρόσβασης Wi-Fi και σύνδεσης"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-en-rAU/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-en-rAU/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..769e012
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-en-rAU/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Tethering or hotspot active"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Tap to set up."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Tethering is disabled"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Contact your admin for details"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Hotspot and tethering status"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-en-rCA/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-en-rCA/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..769e012
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-en-rCA/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Tethering or hotspot active"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Tap to set up."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Tethering is disabled"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Contact your admin for details"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Hotspot and tethering status"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-en-rGB/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-en-rGB/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..769e012
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-en-rGB/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Tethering or hotspot active"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Tap to set up."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Tethering is disabled"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Contact your admin for details"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Hotspot and tethering status"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-en-rIN/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-en-rIN/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..769e012
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-en-rIN/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Tethering or hotspot active"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Tap to set up."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Tethering is disabled"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Contact your admin for details"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Hotspot and tethering status"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-en-rXC/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-en-rXC/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f1674be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-en-rXC/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‎‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‏‎‏‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‏‏‎‏‏‎‎‎‎‎Tethering or hotspot active‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‎‎‎‏‏‏‎‎‏‏‎‎‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‎‎‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‏‏‎‎‏‎‏‏‎‏‎‎‎‏‏‎‎‎‎Tap to set up.‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‏‎‎‏‏‎‏‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‏‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‎‏‎‎‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‏‎‏‎‎‎‏‏‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‎Tethering is disabled‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‏‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‏‎‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‏‏‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‎‏‎‏‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎Contact your admin for details‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‎‎‏‎‎‏‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‎‏‏‎‏‏‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‏‎Hotspot &amp; tethering status‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-es-rUS/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-es-rUS/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63689f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-es-rUS/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Conexión a red o hotspot conectados"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Presiona para configurar esta opción."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Se inhabilitó la conexión mediante dispositivo portátil"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Para obtener más información, comunícate con el administrador"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Estado del hotspot y la conexión mediante dispositivo portátil"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-es/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-es/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a34ed5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-es/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Conexión compartida o punto de acceso activos"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Toca para configurar."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"La conexión compartida está inhabilitada"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Solicita más información a tu administrador"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Estado del punto de acceso y de la conexión compartida"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-et/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-et/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0970341
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-et/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Jagamine või kuumkoht on aktiivne"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Puudutage seadistamiseks."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Jagamine on keelatud"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Lisateabe saamiseks võtke ühendust oma administraatoriga"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Kuumkoha ja jagamise olek"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-eu/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-eu/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..632019e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-eu/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Konexioa partekatzea edo wifi-gunea aktibo dago"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Sakatu konfiguratzeko."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Desgaituta dago konexioa partekatzeko aukera"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Xehetasunak lortzeko, jarri administratzailearekin harremanetan"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Wifi-gunearen eta konexioa partekatzeko eginbidearen egoera"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-fa/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-fa/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e21c85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-fa/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"اشتراک‌گذاری اینترنت یا نقطه اتصال فعال"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"برای راه‌اندازی ضربه بزنید."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"اشتراک‌گذاری اینترنت غیرفعال است"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"برای جزئیات، با سرپرستتان تماس بگیرید"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"وضعیت نقطه اتصال و اشتراک‌گذاری اینترنت"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-fi/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-fi/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..413db3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-fi/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Yhteyden jakaminen tai hotspot käytössä"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Ota käyttöön napauttamalla."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Yhteyden jakaminen on poistettu käytöstä"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Pyydä lisätietoja järjestelmänvalvojalta"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Hotspotin ja yhteyden jakamisen tila"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-fr-rCA/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-fr-rCA/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb2e4ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-fr-rCA/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Partage de connexion ou point d\'accès sans fil activé"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Touchez pour configurer."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Le partage de connexion est désactivé"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Communiquez avec votre administrateur pour obtenir plus de détails"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Point d\'accès et partage de connexion"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-fr/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-fr/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..22259c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-fr/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Partage de connexion ou point d\'accès activé"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Appuyez pour effectuer la configuration."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Le partage de connexion est désactivé"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Pour en savoir plus, contactez votre administrateur"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"État du point d\'accès et du partage de connexion"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-gl/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-gl/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ded82fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-gl/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Conexión compartida ou zona wifi activada"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Toca para configurar."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"A conexión compartida está desactivada"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Contacta co administrador para obter información"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Estado da zona wifi e da conexión compartida"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-gu/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-gu/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7cbbc2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-gu/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"ઇન્ટરનેટ શેર કરવાની સુવિધા અથવા હૉટસ્પૉટ સક્રિય છે"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"સેટઅપ કરવા માટે ટૅપ કરો."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"ઇન્ટરનેટ શેર કરવાની સુવિધા બંધ કરી છે"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"વિગતો માટે તમારા વ્યવસ્થાપકનો સંપર્ક કરો"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"હૉટસ્પૉટ અને ઇન્ટરનેટ શેર કરવાની સુવિધાનું સ્ટેટસ"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-hi/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-hi/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08af81b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-hi/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"टेदरिंग या हॉटस्पॉट चालू है"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"सेट अप करने के लिए टैप करें."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"टेदरिंग बंद है"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"जानकारी के लिए अपने एडमिन से संपर्क करें"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"हॉटस्पॉट और टेदरिंग की स्थिति"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-hr/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-hr/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..827c135
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-hr/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Modemsko povezivanje ili žarišna točka aktivni"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Dodirnite da biste postavili."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Modemsko je povezivanje onemogućeno"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Obratite se administratoru da biste saznali pojedinosti"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Status žarišne točke i modemskog povezivanja"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-hu/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-hu/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb68d6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-hu/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Megosztás vagy aktív hotspot"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Koppintson a beállításhoz."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Az internetmegosztás le van tiltva"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"A részletekért forduljon rendszergazdájához"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Hotspot és internetmegosztás állapota"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-hy/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-hy/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..912941e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-hy/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Մոդեմի ռեժիմը միացված է"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Հպեք՝ կարգավորելու համար։"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Մոդեմի ռեժիմն անջատված է"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Մանրամասների համար դիմեք ձեր ադմինիստրատորին"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Թեժ կետի և մոդեմի ռեժիմի կարգավիճակը"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-in/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-in/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4e175a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-in/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Tethering atau hotspot aktif"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Ketuk untuk menyiapkan."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Tethering dinonaktifkan"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Hubungi admin untuk mengetahui detailnya"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Status hotspot &amp; tethering"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-is/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-is/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e9f6670
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-is/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Kveikt á tjóðrun eða aðgangsstað"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Ýttu til að setja upp."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Slökkt er á tjóðrun"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Hafðu samband við kerfisstjórann til að fá upplýsingar"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Staða heits reits og tjóðrunar"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-it/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-it/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ffb9196
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-it/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Hotspot o tethering attivo"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Tocca per impostare."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Tethering disattivato"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Contatta il tuo amministratore per avere informazioni dettagliate"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Stato hotspot e tethering"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-iw/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-iw/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7adcb47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-iw/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"נקודה לשיתוף אינטרנט או שיתוף אינטרנט בין מכשירים: בסטטוס פעיל"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"יש להקיש כדי להגדיר."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"שיתוף האינטרנט בין מכשירים מושבת"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"לפרטים, יש לפנות למנהל המערכת"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"סטטוס של נקודה לשיתוף אינטרנט ושיתוף אינטרנט בין מכשירים"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-ja/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-ja/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f68a730
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-ja/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"テザリングまたはアクセス ポイントが有効です"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"タップしてセットアップします。"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"テザリングは無効に設定されています"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"詳しくは、管理者にお問い合わせください"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"アクセス ポイントとテザリングのステータス"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-ka/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-ka/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c22e82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-ka/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"ტეტერინგი ან უსადენო ქსელი აქტიურია"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"შეეხეთ დასაყენებლად."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"ტეტერინგი გათიშულია"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"დამატებითი ინფორმაციისთვის დაუკავშირდით თქვენს ადმინისტრატორს"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"უსადენო ქსელის და ტეტერინგის სტატუსი"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-kk/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-kk/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0857d06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-kk/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Тетеринг немесе хотспот қосулы"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Реттеу үшін түртіңіз."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Тетеринг өшірілді."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Мәліметтерді әкімшіден алыңыз."</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Хотспот және тетеринг күйі"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-km/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-km/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..536e3d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-km/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"ការភ្ជាប់ ឬហតស្ប៉ត​កំពុងដំណើរការ"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"ចុច​ដើម្បី​រៀបចំ។"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"ការភ្ជាប់​ត្រូវបានបិទ"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"ទាក់ទងអ្នកគ្រប់គ្រង​របស់អ្នក ដើម្បីទទួលបានព័ត៌មានលម្អិត"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"ស្ថានភាពនៃការភ្ជាប់ និងហតស្ប៉ត"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-kn/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-kn/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32f5492
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-kn/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"ಟೆಥರಿಂಗ್ ಅಥವಾ ಹಾಟ್‌ಸ್ಪಾಟ್ ಸಕ್ರಿಯವಾಗಿದೆ"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"ಸೆಟಪ್ ಮಾಡಲು ಟ್ಯಾಪ್ ಮಾಡಿ."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"ಟೆಥರಿಂಗ್ ಅನ್ನು ನಿಷ್ಕ್ರಿಯಗೊಳಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"ವಿವರಗಳಿಗಾಗಿ ನಿಮ್ಮ ನಿರ್ವಾಹಕರನ್ನು ಸಂಪರ್ಕಿಸಿ"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"ಹಾಟ್‌ಸ್ಪಾಟ್ ಮತ್ತು ಟೆಥರಿಂಗ್‌ ಸ್ಥಿತಿ"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-ko/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-ko/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..156b247
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-ko/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"테더링 또는 핫스팟 사용"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"설정하려면 탭하세요."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"테더링이 사용 중지됨"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"자세한 정보는 관리자에게 문의하세요."</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"핫스팟 및 테더링 상태"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-ky/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-ky/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..18ee5fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-ky/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Модем режими күйүп турат"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Жөндөө үчүн таптап коюңуз."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Телефонду модем катары колдонууга болбойт"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Кеңири маалымат үчүн администраторуңузга кайрылыңыз"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Байланыш түйүнүнүн жана модем режиминин статусу"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-lo/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-lo/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b127670
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-lo/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"ເປີດການປ່ອຍສັນຍານ ຫຼື ຮັອດສະປອດແລ້ວ"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"ແຕະເພື່ອຕັ້ງຄ່າ."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"ການປ່ອຍສັນຍານຖືກປິດໄວ້"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"ຕິດຕໍ່ຜູ້ເບິ່ງແຍງລະບົບສຳລັບລາຍລະອຽດ"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"ສະຖານະຮັອດສະປອດ ແລະ ການປ່ອຍສັນຍານ"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-lt/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-lt/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8427baf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-lt/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Įrenginys naudojamas kaip modemas arba įjungtas viešosios interneto prieigos taškas"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Palieskite, kad nustatytumėte."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Įrenginio kaip modemo naudojimas išjungtas"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Jei reikia išsamios informacijos, susisiekite su administratoriumi"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Viešosios interneto prieigos taško ir įrenginio kaip modemo naudojimo būsena"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-lv/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-lv/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa2d699
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-lv/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Piesaiste vai tīklājs ir aktīvs."</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Pieskarieties, lai to iestatītu."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Piesaiste ir atspējota"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Lai iegūtu detalizētu informāciju, sazinieties ar savu administratoru."</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Tīklāja un piesaistes statuss"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-af/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-af/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..052ca09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-af/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Warmkol het nie internet nie"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Toestelle kan nie aan internet koppel nie"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Skakel warmkol af"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Warmkol is aan"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Bykomende heffings kan geld terwyl jy swerf"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Gaan voort"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-am/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-am/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0518c5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-am/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"መገናኛ ነጥቡ በይነመረብ የለውም"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"መሣሪያዎች ከበይነመረብ ጋር መገናኘት አይችሉም"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"መገናኛ ነጥብ ያጥፉ"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"የመገናኛ ነጥብ በርቷል"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"በሚያንዣብብበት ጊዜ ተጨማሪ ክፍያዎች ተፈጻሚ ሊሆኑ ይችላሉ"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"ቀጥል"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-ar/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-ar/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6d8423
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-ar/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"نقطة الاتصال غير متصلة بالإنترنت."</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"لا يمكن للأجهزة الاتصال بالإنترنت."</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"إيقاف نقطة الاتصال"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"نقطة الاتصال مفعّلة"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"قد يتم تطبيق رسوم إضافية أثناء التجوال."</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"متابعة"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-as/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-as/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c57f21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-as/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"হটস্পটৰ কোনো ইণ্টাৰনেট নাই"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"ডিভাইচসমূহ ইণ্টাৰনেটৰ সৈতে সংযোগ কৰিব নোৱাৰি"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"হটস্পট অফ কৰক"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"হটস্পট অন হৈ আছে"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"ৰ\'মিঙত থাকিলে অতিৰিক্ত মাচুল প্ৰযোজ্য হ’ব পাৰে"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"অব্যাহত ৰাখক"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-az/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-az/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2610ab1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-az/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Hotspotun internetə girişi yoxdur"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Cihazlar internetə qoşula bilmir"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Hotspot\'u deaktiv edin"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Hotspot aktivdir"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Rouminq zamanı əlavə ödənişlər tətbiq edilə bilər"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Davam edin"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-b+sr+Latn/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-b+sr+Latn/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b032ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-b+sr+Latn/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Hotspot nema pristup internetu"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Uređaji ne mogu da se povežu na internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Isključi hotspot"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Hotspot je uključen"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Možda važe dodatni troškovi u romingu"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Nastavi"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-be/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-be/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2362a1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-be/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Хот-спот не падключаны да інтэрнэту"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Прылады не могуць падключацца да інтэрнэту"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Выключыць хот-спот"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Хот-спот уключаны"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Пры выкарыстанні роўмінгу можа спаганяцца дадатковая плата"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Працягнуць"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-bg/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-bg/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ef1b0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-bg/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Точката за достъп няма връзка с интернет"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Устройствата не могат да се свържат с интернет"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Изключване на точката за достъп"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Точката за достъп е включена"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Възможно е да ви бъдат начислени допълнителни такси при роуминг"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Напред"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-bn/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-bn/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a3033c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-bn/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"হটস্পটের সাথে ইন্টারনেট কানেক্ট করা নেই"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"ডিভাইস ইন্টারনেটের সাথে কানেক্ট করতে পারছে না"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"হটস্পট বন্ধ করুন"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"হটস্পট চালু আছে"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"রোমিংয়ের সময় অতিরিক্ত চার্জ করা হতে পারে"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"চালিয়ে যান"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-bs/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-bs/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..57f6d88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-bs/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Pristupna tačka nema internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Uređaji se ne mogu povezati na internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Isključi pristupnu tačku"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Pristupna tačka je uključena"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Mogu nastati dodatni troškovi u romingu"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Nastavi"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-ca/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-ca/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e3ad666
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-ca/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"El punt d\'accés Wi‑Fi no té accés a Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Els dispositius no es poden connectar a Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Desactiva el punt d\'accés Wi‑Fi"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"El punt d\'accés Wi‑Fi està activat"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"És possible que s\'apliquin costos addicionals en itinerància"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Continua"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-cs/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-cs/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f099281
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-cs/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Hotspot nemá připojení k internetu"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Zařízení se nemohou připojit k internetu"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Vypnout hotspot"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Hotspot je aktivní"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Při roamingu mohou být účtovány dodatečné poplatky"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Pokračovat"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-da/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-da/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1fb2374
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-da/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Hotspottet har intet internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Enheder kan ikke oprette forbindelse til internettet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Deaktiver hotspot"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Hotspottet er aktiveret"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Der opkræves muligvis yderligere gebyrer ved roaming"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Fortsæt"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-de/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-de/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56d1d1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-de/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Hotspot ist nicht mit dem Internet verbunden"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Geräte können nicht mit dem Internet verbunden werden"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Hotspot deaktivieren"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Hotspot aktiviert"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Für das Roaming können zusätzliche Gebühren anfallen"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Weiter"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-el/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-el/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..674f1f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-el/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Το σημείο πρόσβασης Wi-Fi δεν έχει πρόσβαση στο διαδίκτυο."</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Δεν είναι η δυνατή η σύνδεση των συσκευών στο διαδίκτυο."</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Απενεργοποίηση σημείου πρόσβασης Wi-Fi"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Σημείο πρόσβασης Wi-Fi ενεργό"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Ενδέχεται να ισχύουν επιπλέον χρεώσεις κατά την περιαγωγή."</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Συνέχεια"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-en-rAU/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-en-rAU/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3046a37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-en-rAU/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Hotspot has no Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Devices can’t connect to Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Turn off hotspot"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Hotspot is on"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Additional charges may apply while roaming"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Continue"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-en-rCA/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-en-rCA/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3046a37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-en-rCA/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Hotspot has no Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Devices can’t connect to Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Turn off hotspot"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Hotspot is on"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Additional charges may apply while roaming"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Continue"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-en-rGB/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-en-rGB/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3046a37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-en-rGB/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Hotspot has no Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Devices can’t connect to Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Turn off hotspot"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Hotspot is on"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Additional charges may apply while roaming"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Continue"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-en-rIN/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-en-rIN/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3046a37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-en-rIN/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Hotspot has no Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Devices can’t connect to Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Turn off hotspot"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Hotspot is on"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Additional charges may apply while roaming"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Continue"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-en-rXC/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-en-rXC/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..20c9b94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-en-rXC/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‏‏‎‏‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‏‏‎‏‏‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‏‎‏‎‎‎‏‏‎‏‎‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‎‎Hotspot has no internet‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‎‏‏‏‎‏‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‎‏‎‎‏‏‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‏‏‎‏‏‎Devices can’t connect to internet‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‏‎‎‎‏‏‎‎‏‎‎‏‏‎‏‎‎‏‎‏‎‎‏‏‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‎‎‏‏‎Turn off hotspot‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‎‎‏‎‎‏‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‏‎‎‏‏‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‎‏‎‏‏‎‏‎‏‎‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎Hotspot is on‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‎‎‏‏‎‏‏‎‎‎‏‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‎‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‏‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‏‎‎Additional charges may apply while roaming‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‏‎‎‎‏‏‎‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‏‏‏‎‏‎‏‏‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‎‎‏‎‎‏‏‎‎Continue‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-es-rUS/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-es-rUS/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..956547c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-es-rUS/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"El hotspot no tiene conexión a Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Los dispositivos no pueden conectarse a Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Desactiva el hotspot"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"El hotspot está activado"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Es posible que se apliquen cargos adicionales por roaming"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Continuar"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-es/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-es/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..831ec1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-es/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"El punto de acceso no tiene conexión a Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Los dispositivos no se pueden conectar a Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Desactivar punto de acceso"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Punto de acceso activado"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Puede que se apliquen cargos adicionales en itinerancia"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Continuar"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-et/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-et/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff8dde5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-et/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Kuumkohal puudub Interneti-ühendus"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Seadmed ei saa Internetiga ühendust luua"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Lülita kuumkoht välja"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Kuumkoht on sees"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Rändluse kasutamisega võivad kaasneda lisatasud"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Jätka"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-eu/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-eu/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c4f70a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-eu/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Sare publikoak ez du Interneteko konexiorik"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Gailuak ezin dira konektatu Internetera"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Desaktibatu sare publikoa"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Sare publikoa aktibatuta dago"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Baliteke kostu gehigarriak ordaindu behar izatea ibiltaritzan"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Egin aurrera"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-fa/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-fa/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79e3ef1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-fa/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"نقطه اتصال به اینترنت دسترسی ندارد"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"دستگاه‌ها به اینترنت متصل نشدند"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"نقطه اتصال را خاموش کنید"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"نقطه اتصال روشن است"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"ممکن است درحین فراگردی تغییرات دیگر اعمال شود"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"ادامه"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-fi/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-fi/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..64921bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-fi/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Hotspotilla ei ole internetyhteyttä"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Laitteet eivät voi yhdistää internetiin"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Laita hotspot pois päältä"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Hotspot on päällä"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Roaming voi aiheuttaa lisämaksuja"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Jatka"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-fr-rCA/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-fr-rCA/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eda7b59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-fr-rCA/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Le point d\'accès n\'est pas connecté à Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Appareils non connectés à Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Désactiver le point d\'accès"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Le point d\'accès est activé"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"En itinérance, des frais supplémentaires peuvent s\'appliquer"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Continuer"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-fr/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-fr/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eda7b59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-fr/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Le point d\'accès n\'est pas connecté à Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Appareils non connectés à Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Désactiver le point d\'accès"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Le point d\'accès est activé"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"En itinérance, des frais supplémentaires peuvent s\'appliquer"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Continuer"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-gl/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-gl/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c163c61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-gl/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"A zona wifi non ten acceso a Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Os dispositivos non se poden conectar a Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Desactivar zona wifi"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"A zona wifi está activada"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Pódense aplicar cargos adicionais en itinerancia"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Continuar"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-gu/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-gu/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..796d42e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-gu/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"હૉટસ્પૉટથી ઇન્ટરનેટ ચાલી રહ્યું નથી"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"ડિવાઇસ, ઇન્ટરનેટ સાથે કનેક્ટ થઈ શકતા નથી"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"હૉટસ્પૉટ બંધ કરો"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"હૉટસ્પૉટ ચાલુ છે"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"રોમિંગમાં વધારાના શુલ્ક લાગી શકે છે"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"આગળ વધો"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-hi/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-hi/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a244200
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-hi/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"हॉटस्पॉट से इंटरनेट नहीं चल रहा"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"डिवाइस इंटरनेट से कनेक्ट नहीं हो पा रहे"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"हॉटस्पॉट बंद करें"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"हॉटस्पॉट चालू है"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"रोमिंग के दौरान अतिरिक्त शुल्क लग सकता है"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"जारी रखें"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-hr/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-hr/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..41618af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-hr/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Žarišna točka nema pristup internetu"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Uređaji se ne mogu povezati s internetom"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Isključi žarišnu točku"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Žarišna je točka uključena"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"U roamingu su mogući dodatni troškovi"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Nastavi"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-hu/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-hu/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39b7a69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-hu/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"A hotspot nem csatlakozik az internethez"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Az eszközök nem tudnak csatlakozni az internethez"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Hotspot kikapcsolása"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"A hotspot be van kapcsolva"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Roaming során további díjak léphetnek fel"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Tovább"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-hy/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-hy/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c14ae10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-hy/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Թեժ կետը միացված չէ ինտերնետին"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Սարքերը չեն կարողանում միանալ ինտերնետին"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Անջատել թեժ կետը"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Թեժ կետը միացված է"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Ռոումինգում կարող են լրացուցիչ վճարներ գանձվել"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Շարունակել"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-in/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-in/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1243d22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-in/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Hotspot tidak memiliki koneksi internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Perangkat tidak dapat tersambung ke internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Nonaktifkan hotspot"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Hotspot aktif"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Biaya tambahan mungkin berlaku saat roaming"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Lanjutkan"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-is/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-is/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82a7d01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-is/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Heitur reitur er ekki nettengdur"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Tæki geta ekki tengst við internetið"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Slökkva á heitum reit"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Kveikt er á heitum reit"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Viðbótargjöld kunna að eiga við í reiki"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Halda áfram"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-it/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-it/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0f52dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-it/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"L\'hotspot non ha accesso a Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"I dispositivi non possono connettersi a Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Disattiva l\'hotspot"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Hotspot attivo"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Potrebbero essere applicati costi aggiuntivi durante il roaming"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Continua"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-iw/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-iw/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..80807bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-iw/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"לנקודה לשיתוף אינטרנט אין חיבור לאינטרנט"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"המכשירים לא יכולים להתחבר לאינטרנט"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"כיבוי הנקודה לשיתוף אינטרנט"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"הנקודה לשיתוף אינטרנט פועלת"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"ייתכנו חיובים נוספים בעת נדידה"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"המשך"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-ja/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-ja/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e21a7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-ja/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"アクセス ポイントがインターネットに接続されていません"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"デバイスをインターネットに接続できません"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"アクセス ポイントを OFF にする"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"アクセス ポイント: ON"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"ローミング時に追加料金が発生することがあります"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"続行"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-ka/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-ka/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d3b548
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-ka/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"უსადენო ქსელს არ აქვს ინტერნეტზე წვდომა"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"მოწყობილობები ვერ უკავშირდება ინტერნეტს"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"გამორთეთ უსადენო ქსელი"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"უსადენო ქსელი ჩართულია"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"როუმინგის გამოყენებისას შეიძლება ჩამოგეჭრათ დამატებითი საფასური"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"გაგრძელება"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-kk/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-kk/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..985fc3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-kk/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Хотспотта интернет жоқ"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Құрылғылар интернетке қосылмайды"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Хотспотты өшіру"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Хотспот қосулы"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Роуминг кезінде қосымша ақы алынуы мүмкін."</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Жалғастыру"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-km/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-km/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..03b5cb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-km/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"ហតស្ប៉ត​មិនមាន​អ៊ីនធឺណិត​ទេ"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"ឧបករណ៍​មិនអាច​ភ្ជាប់​អ៊ីនធឺណិត​បានទេ"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"បិទ​ហតស្ប៉ត"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"ហតស្ប៉ត​ត្រូវបានបើក"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"អាចមាន​ការគិតថ្លៃ​បន្ថែម នៅពេល​រ៉ូមីង"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"បន្ត"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-kn/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-kn/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f0adad8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-kn/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"ಹಾಟ್‌ಸ್ಪಾಟ್ ಯಾವುದೇ ಇಂಟರ್ನೆಟ್ ಸಂಪರ್ಕವನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿಲ್ಲ"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"ಇಂಟರ್ನೆಟ್‌ಗೆ ಸಂಪರ್ಕಗೊಳ್ಳಲು ಸಾಧನಗಳಿಗೆ ಸಾಧ್ಯವಾಗುತ್ತಿಲ್ಲ"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"ಹಾಟ್‌ಸ್ಪಾಟ್ ಆಫ್‌ ಮಾಡಿ"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"ಹಾಟ್‌ಸ್ಪಾಟ್ ಆನ್ ಆಗಿದೆ"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"ರೋಮಿಂಗ್‌ನಲ್ಲಿರುವಾಗ ಹೆಚ್ಚುವರಿ ಶುಲ್ಕಗಳು ಅನ್ವಯವಾಗಬಹುದು"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"ಮುಂದುವರಿಸಿ"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-ko/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-ko/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9218e9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-ko/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"핫스팟이 인터넷에 연결되지 않음"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"기기를 인터넷에 연결할 수 없음"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"핫스팟 사용 중지"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"핫스팟 사용 중"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"로밍 중에는 추가 요금이 발생할 수 있습니다."</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"계속"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-ky/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-ky/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..35a060a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-ky/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Байланыш түйүнүндө Интернет жок"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Түзмөктөр Интернетке туташпай жатат"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Туташуу түйүнүн өчүрүү"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Кошулуу түйүнү күйүк"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Роумингде кошумча акы алынышы мүмкүн"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Улантуу"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-lo/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-lo/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d9203b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-lo/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"ຮັອດສະປອດບໍ່ມີອິນເຕີເນັດ"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"ອຸປະກອນບໍ່ສາມາດເຊື່ອມຕໍ່ອິນເຕີເນັດໄດ້"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"ປິດຮັອດສະປອດ"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"ຮັອດສະປອດເປີດຢູ່"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"ອາດມີຄ່າໃຊ້ຈ່າຍເພີ່ມເຕີມໃນລະຫວ່າງການໂຣມມິງ"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"ສືບຕໍ່"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-lt/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-lt/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db5178b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-lt/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Nėra viešosios interneto prieigos taško interneto ryšio"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Įrenginiams nepavyksta prisijungti prie interneto"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Išjungti viešosios interneto prieigos tašką"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Viešosios interneto prieigos taškas įjungtas"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Veikiant tarptinkliniam ryšiui gali būti taikomi papildomi mokesčiai"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Tęsti"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-lv/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-lv/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c712173
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-lv/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Tīklājam nav interneta savienojuma"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Ierīces nevar izveidot savienojumu ar internetu"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Izslēgt tīklāju"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Tīklājs ir ieslēgts"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Viesabonēšanas laikā var tikt piemērota papildu samaksa"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Tālāk"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-mk/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-mk/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa44909
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-mk/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Точката на пристап нема интернет"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Уредите не може да се поврзат на интернет"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Исклучи ја точката на пристап"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Точката на пристап е вклучена"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"При роаминг може да се наплатат дополнителни трошоци"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Продолжи"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-ml/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-ml/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d376fe5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-ml/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"ഹോട്ട്സ്പോട്ടിൽ ഇന്റർനെറ്റ് ലഭ്യമല്ല"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ ഇന്റർനെറ്റിലേക്ക് കണക്റ്റ് ചെയ്യാനാവില്ല"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"ഹോട്ട്‌സ്‌പോട്ട് ഓഫാക്കുക"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"ഹോട്ട്സ്പോട്ട് ഓണാണ്"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"റോമിംഗ് ചെയ്യുമ്പോൾ അധിക നിരക്കുകൾ ബാധകമായേക്കാം"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"തുടരുക"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-mn/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-mn/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..417213f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-mn/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Сүлжээний цэг дээр интернэт алга байна"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Төхөөрөмжүүд нь интернэтэд холбогдох боломжгүй байна"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Сүлжээний цэгийг унтраах"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Сүлжээний цэг асаалттай байна"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Роумингийн үеэр нэмэлт төлбөр нэхэмжилж болзошгүй"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Үргэлжлүүлэх"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-mr/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-mr/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ed153fb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-mr/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"हॉटस्पॉटला इंटरनेट नाही"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"डिव्हाइस इंटरनेटला कनेक्ट करू शकत नाहीत"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"हॉटस्पॉट बंद करा"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"हॉटस्पॉट सुरू आहे"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"रोमिंगदरम्यान अतिरिक्त शुल्क लागू होऊ शकतात"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"सुरू ठेवा"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-ms/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-ms/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..50817fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-ms/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Tempat liputan tiada Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Peranti tidak dapat menyambung kepada Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Matikan tempat liputan"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Tempat liputan dihidupkan"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Caj tambahan mungkin digunakan semasa perayauan"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Teruskan"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-my/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-my/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0d70e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-my/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"ဟော့စပေါ့တွင် အင်တာနက်မရှိပါ"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"စက်များက အင်တာနက်ချိတ်ဆက်၍ မရပါ"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"ဟော့စပေါ့ ပိတ်ရန်"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"ဟော့စပေါ့ ဖွင့်ထားသည်"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"ပြင်ပကွန်ရက်နှင့် ချိတ်ဆက်သည့်အခါ နောက်ထပ်ကျသင့်မှုများ ရှိနိုင်သည်"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"ရှေ့ဆက်ရန်"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-nb/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-nb/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e7f1c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-nb/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Wi-Fi-sonen har ikke internettilgang"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Enheter kan ikke koble til internett"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Slå av Wi-Fi-sonen"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Wi-Fi-sonen er på"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Ytterligere kostnader kan påløpe under roaming"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Fortsett"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-ne/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-ne/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63ce155
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-ne/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"हटस्पटमा इन्टरनेट छैन"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"यन्त्रहरू इन्टरनेटमा कनेक्ट गर्न सकिएन"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"हटस्पट निष्क्रिय पार्नुहोस्"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"हटस्पट सक्रिय छ"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"रोमिङ सेवा प्रयोग गर्दा अतिरिक्त शुल्क लाग्न सक्छ"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"जारी राख्नुहोस्"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-nl/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-nl/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf14a0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-nl/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Hotspot heeft geen internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Apparaten kunnen geen verbinding maken met internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Hotspot uitschakelen"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Hotspot is ingeschakeld"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Er kunnen extra kosten voor roaming in rekening worden gebracht."</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Doorgaan"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-or/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-or/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab87b76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-or/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"ହଟସ୍ପଟରେ କୌଣସି ଇଣ୍ଟର୍ନେଟ୍ ସଂଯୋଗ ନାହିଁ"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"ଡିଭାଇସଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଇଣ୍ଟର୍ନେଟ୍ ସହ ସଂଯୋଗ କରାଯାଇପାରିବ ନାହିଁ"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"ହଟସ୍ପଟ ବନ୍ଦ କରନ୍ତୁ"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"ହଟସ୍ପଟ ଚାଲୁ ଅଛି"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"ରୋମିଂରେ ଥିବା ସମୟରେ ଅତିରିକ୍ତ ଶୁଳ୍କ ଲାଗୁ ହୋଇପାରେ"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"ଜାରି ରଖନ୍ତୁ"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-pa/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-pa/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b09f285
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-pa/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"ਹੌਟਸਪੌਟ ਕੋਲ ਇੰਟਰਨੈੱਟ ਪਹੁੰਚ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"ਡੀਵਾਈਸ ਇੰਟਰਨੈੱਟ ਨਾਲ ਕਨੈਕਟ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੋ ਸਕਦੇ"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"ਹੌਟਸਪੌਟ ਬੰਦ ਕਰੋ"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"ਹੌਟਸਪੌਟ ਚਾਲੂ ਹੈ"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"ਰੋਮਿੰਗ ਦੌਰਾਨ ਵਧੀਕ ਖਰਚੇ ਲਾਗੂ ਹੋ ਸਕਦੇ ਹਨ"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"ਜਾਰੀ ਰੱਖੋ"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-pl/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-pl/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8becd07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-pl/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Hotspot nie ma internetu"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Urządzenia nie mogą połączyć się z internetem"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Wyłącz hotspot"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Hotspot jest włączony"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Podczas korzystania z roamingu mogą zostać naliczone dodatkowe opłaty"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Dalej"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-pt-rBR/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-pt-rBR/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e01736
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-pt-rBR/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"O ponto de acesso não tem conexão com a Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Não foi possível conectar os dispositivos à Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Desativar ponto de acesso"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"O ponto de acesso está ativado"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Pode haver cobranças extras durante o roaming"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Continuar"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-pt-rPT/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-pt-rPT/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2356379
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-pt-rPT/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"A zona Wi-Fi não tem Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Não é possível ligar os dispositivos à Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Desativar zona Wi-Fi"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"A zona Wi-Fi está ativada"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Podem aplicar-se custos adicionais em roaming."</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Continuar"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-pt/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-pt/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e01736
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-pt/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"O ponto de acesso não tem conexão com a Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Não foi possível conectar os dispositivos à Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Desativar ponto de acesso"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"O ponto de acesso está ativado"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Pode haver cobranças extras durante o roaming"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Continuar"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-ro/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-ro/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e62bd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-ro/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Hotspotul nu are internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Dispozitivele nu se pot conecta la internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Dezactivați hotspotul"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Hotspotul este activ"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Se pot aplica taxe suplimentare pentru roaming"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Continuați"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-ru/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-ru/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2b1640
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-ru/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Точка доступа не подключена к Интернету"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Устройства не могут подключаться к Интернету"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Отключить точку доступа"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Точка доступа включена"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"За использование услуг связи в роуминге может взиматься дополнительная плата."</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Продолжить"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-si/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-si/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..632748a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-si/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"හොට්ස්පොට් හට අන්තර්ජාලය නැත"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"උපාංගවලට අන්තර්ජාලයට සම්බන්ධ විය නොහැකිය"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"හොට්ස්පොට් ක්‍රියාවිරහිත කරන්න"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"හොට්ස්පොට් ක්‍රියාත්මකයි"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"රෝමිං අතරතුර අමතර ගාස්තු අදාළ විය හැකිය"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"ඉදිරියට යන්න"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-sk/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-sk/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..247fc1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-sk/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Hotspot nemá internetové pripojenie"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Zariadenia sa nedajú pripojiť k internetu"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Vypnúť hotspot"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Hotspot je zapnutý"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Počas roamingu vám môžu byť účtované ďalšie poplatky"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Pokračovať"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-sl/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-sl/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed22372
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-sl/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Dostopna točka nima internetne povezave"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Naprave ne morejo vzpostaviti internetne povezave"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Izklopi dostopno točko"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Dostopna točka je vklopljena"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Med gostovanjem lahko nastanejo dodatni stroški"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Naprej"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-sq/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-sq/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4bfab6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-sq/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Zona e qasjes për internet nuk ka internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Pajisjet nuk mund të lidhen me internetin"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Çaktivizo zonën e qasjes për internet"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Zona e qasjes për internet është aktive"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Mund të zbatohen tarifime shtesë kur je në roaming"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Vazhdo"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-sr/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-sr/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..478d53a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-sr/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Хотспот нема приступ интернету"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Уређаји не могу да се повежу на интернет"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Искључи хотспот"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Хотспот је укључен"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Можда важе додатни трошкови у ромингу"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Настави"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-sv/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-sv/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a793ed6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-sv/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Surfzonen har ingen internetanslutning"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Enheterna har ingen internetanslutning"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Inaktivera surfzon"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Surfzonen är aktiverad"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Ytterligare avgifter kan tillkomma vid roaming"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Fortsätt"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-sw/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-sw/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..18ee457
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-sw/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Mtandao pepe hauna intaneti"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Vifaa vimeshindwa kuunganisha kwenye intaneti"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Zima mtandao pepe"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Mtandao pepe umewashwa"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Huenda ukatozwa gharama za ziada ukitumia mitandao ya ng\'ambo"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Endelea"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-ta/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-ta/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7eebd67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-ta/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"ஹாட்ஸ்பாட்டில் இணையம் இல்லை"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"சாதனங்களால் இணையத்தில் இணைய இயலவில்லை"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"ஹாட்ஸ்பாட்டை ஆஃப் செய்"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"ஹாட்ஸ்பாட் ஆன் செய்யப்பட்டுள்ளது"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"ரோமிங்கின்போது கூடுதல் கட்டணங்கள் விதிக்கப்படக்கூடும்"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"தொடர்க"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-te/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-te/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0986534
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-te/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"హాట్‌స్పాట్‌కు ఇంటర్నెట్ యాక్సెస్ లేదు"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"పరికరాలను ఇంటర్నెట్‌కి కనెక్ట్ చేయడం సాధ్యం కాదు"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"హాట్‌స్పాట్‌ని ఆఫ్ చేయండి"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"హాట్‌స్పాట్ ఆన్‌లో ఉంది"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"రోమింగ్‌లో ఉన్నప్పుడు అదనపు ఛార్జీలు వర్తించవచ్చు"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"కొనసాగించు"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-th/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-th/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3837002
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-th/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"ฮอตสปอตไม่ได้เชื่อมต่ออินเทอร์เน็ต"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"อุปกรณ์เชื่อมต่ออินเทอร์เน็ตไม่ได้"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"ปิดฮอตสปอต"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"ฮอตสปอตเปิดอยู่"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"อาจมีค่าใช้จ่ายเพิ่มเติมขณะโรมมิ่ง"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"ต่อไป"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-tl/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-tl/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..208f893
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-tl/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Walang internet ang hotspot"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Hindi makakonekta sa internet ang mga device"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"I-off ang hotspot"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Naka-on ang hotspot"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Posibleng magkaroon ng mga karagdagang singil habang nagro-roam"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Ituloy"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-tr/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-tr/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3482faf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-tr/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Hotspot\'un internet bağlantısı yok"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Cihazlar internete bağlanamıyor"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Hotspot\'u kapat"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Hotspot açık"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Dolaşım sırasında ek ücretler uygulanabilir"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Devam"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-uk/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-uk/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dea3114
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-uk/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Точка доступу не підключена до Інтернету"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Не вдається підключити пристрої до Інтернету"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Вимкнути точку доступу"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Точку доступу ввімкнено"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"У роумінгу може стягуватися додаткова плата"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Продовжити"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-ur/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-ur/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..09bc0c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-ur/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"ہاٹ اسپاٹ میں انٹرنیٹ نہیں ہے"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"آلات انٹرنیٹ سے منسلک نہیں ہو سکتے"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"ہاٹ اسپاٹ آف کریں"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"ہاٹ اسپاٹ آن ہے"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"رومنگ کے دوران اضافی چارجز لاگو ہو سکتے ہیں"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"جاری رکھیں"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-uz/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-uz/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..715d348
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-uz/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Hotspot internetga ulanmagan"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Qurilmalar internetga ulana olmayapti"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Hotspotni faolsizlantirish"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Hotspot yoniq"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Rouming vaqtida qoʻshimcha haq olinishi mumkin"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Davom etish"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-vi/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-vi/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf4ee10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-vi/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"Điểm phát sóng không có kết nối Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Các thiết bị không thể kết nối Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Tắt điểm phát sóng"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"Điểm phát sóng đang bật"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Bạn có thể mất thêm phí dữ liệu khi chuyển vùng"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Tiếp tục"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-zh-rCN/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-zh-rCN/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cdb4224
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-zh-rCN/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"热点没有网络连接"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"设备无法连接到互联网"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"关闭热点"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"热点已开启"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"漫游时可能会产生额外的费用"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"继续"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-zh-rHK/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-zh-rHK/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3bb52e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-zh-rHK/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"熱點沒有互聯網連線"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"裝置無法連線至互聯網"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"關閉熱點"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"已開啟熱點"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"漫遊時可能需要支付額外費用"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"繼續"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-zh-rTW/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-zh-rTW/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..298c3ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-zh-rTW/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"無線基地台沒有網際網路連線"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"裝置無法連上網際網路"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"關閉無線基地台"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"無線基地台已開啟"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"使用漫遊服務可能須支付額外費用"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"繼續"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-zu/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-zu/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3dc0078
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc204-mnc04-zu/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="6246167638178412020">"I-Hotspot ayina-inthanethi"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5010177541603431003">"Amadivayisi awakwazi ukuxhuma ku-inthanethi"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="2613861474440640595">"Vala i-hotspot"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3633925855626231152">"I-Hotspot ivuliwe"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="1396837704184358258">"Kungaba nezinkokhelo ezengeziwe uma uzula"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_continue_button" msgid="5324117849715705638">"Qhubeka"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-af/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-af/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..19d659c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-af/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Verbinding het nie internet nie"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Toestelle kan nie koppel nie"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Skakel verbinding af"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Warmkol of verbinding is aan"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Bykomende heffings kan geld terwyl jy swerf"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-am/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-am/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8995430
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-am/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"ማስተሳሰር ምንም በይነመረብ የለውም"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"መሣሪያዎችን ማገናኘት አይቻልም"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"ማስተሳሰርን አጥፋ"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"መገናኛ ነጥብ ወይም ማስተሳሰር በርቷል"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"በሚያንዣብብበት ጊዜ ተጨማሪ ክፍያዎች ተፈጻሚ ሊሆኑ ይችላሉ"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-ar/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-ar/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..54f3b53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-ar/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"ما مِن اتصال بالإنترنت خلال التوصيل"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"تعذّر اتصال الأجهزة"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"إيقاف التوصيل"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"نقطة الاتصال أو التوصيل مفعّلان"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"قد يتم تطبيق رسوم إضافية أثناء التجوال."</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-as/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-as/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e215141
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-as/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"টে\'ডাৰিঙৰ ইণ্টাৰনেট নাই"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"ডিভাইচসমূহ সংযোগ কৰিব নোৱাৰি"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"টে\'ডাৰিং অফ কৰক"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"হটস্পট অথবা টে\'ডাৰিং অন আছে"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"ৰ\'মিঙত থাকিলে অতিৰিক্ত মাচুল প্ৰযোজ্য হ’ব পাৰে"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-az/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-az/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1fd8e4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-az/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Modemin internetə girişi yoxdur"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Cihazları qoşmaq mümkün deyil"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Modemi deaktiv edin"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Hotspot və ya modem aktivdir"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Rouminq zamanı əlavə ödənişlər tətbiq edilə bilər"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-b+sr+Latn/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-b+sr+Latn/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1abe4f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-b+sr+Latn/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Privezivanje nema pristup internetu"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Povezivanje uređaja nije uspelo"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Isključi privezivanje"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Uključen je hotspot ili privezivanje"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Možda važe dodatni troškovi u romingu"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-be/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-be/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38dbd1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-be/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Рэжым мадэма выкарыстоўваецца без доступу да інтэрнэту"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Не ўдалося падключыць прылады"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Выключыць рэжым мадэма"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Хот-спот або рэжым мадэма ўключаны"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Пры выкарыстанні роўмінгу можа спаганяцца дадатковая плата"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-bg/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-bg/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..04b44db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-bg/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Тетърингът няма връзка с интернет"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Устройствата не могат да установят връзка"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Изключване на тетъринга"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Точката за достъп или тетърингът са включени"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Възможно е да ви бъдат начислени допълнителни такси при роуминг"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-bn/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-bn/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..579d1be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-bn/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"টিথারিং করার জন্য কোনও ইন্টারনেট কানেকশন নেই"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"ডিভাইস কানেক্ট করতে পারছে না"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"টিথারিং বন্ধ করুন"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"হটস্পট বা টিথারিং চালু আছে"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"রোমিংয়ের সময় অতিরিক্ত চার্জ করা হতে পারে"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-bs/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-bs/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ce3efe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-bs/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Povezivanje putem mobitela nema internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Uređaji se ne mogu povezati"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Isključi povezivanje putem mobitela"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Pristupna tačka ili povezivanje putem mobitela je uključeno"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Mogu nastati dodatni troškovi u romingu"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-ca/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-ca/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46d4c35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-ca/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"La compartició de xarxa no té accés a Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"No es poden connectar els dispositius"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Desactiva la compartició de xarxa"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"S\'ha activat el punt d\'accés Wi‑Fi o la compartició de xarxa"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"És possible que s\'apliquin costos addicionals en itinerància"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-cs/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-cs/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc13860
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-cs/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Tethering nemá připojení k internetu"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Zařízení se nemůžou připojit"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Vypnout tethering"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Je zapnutý hotspot nebo tethering"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Při roamingu mohou být účtovány dodatečné poplatky"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-da/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-da/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..92c3ae1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-da/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Netdeling har ingen internetforbindelse"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Enheder kan ikke oprette forbindelse"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Deaktiver netdeling"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Hotspot eller netdeling er aktiveret"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Der opkræves muligvis yderligere gebyrer ved roaming"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-de/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-de/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..967eb4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-de/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Tethering hat keinen Internetzugriff"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Geräte können sich nicht verbinden"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Tethering deaktivieren"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Hotspot oder Tethering ist aktiviert"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Für das Roaming können zusätzliche Gebühren anfallen"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-el/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-el/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5fb4974
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-el/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Η σύνδεση δεν έχει πρόσβαση στο διαδίκτυο"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Δεν είναι δυνατή η σύνδεση των συσκευών"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Απενεργοποιήστε τη σύνδεση"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Ενεργό σημείο πρόσβασης Wi-Fi ή ενεργή σύνδεση"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Ενδέχεται να ισχύουν επιπλέον χρεώσεις κατά την περιαγωγή."</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-en-rAU/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-en-rAU/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45647f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-en-rAU/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Tethering has no Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Devices can’t connect"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Turn off tethering"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Hotspot or tethering is on"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Additional charges may apply while roaming"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-en-rCA/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-en-rCA/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45647f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-en-rCA/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Tethering has no Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Devices can’t connect"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Turn off tethering"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Hotspot or tethering is on"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Additional charges may apply while roaming"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-en-rGB/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-en-rGB/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45647f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-en-rGB/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Tethering has no Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Devices can’t connect"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Turn off tethering"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Hotspot or tethering is on"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Additional charges may apply while roaming"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-en-rIN/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-en-rIN/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45647f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-en-rIN/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Tethering has no Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Devices can’t connect"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Turn off tethering"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Hotspot or tethering is on"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Additional charges may apply while roaming"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-en-rXC/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-en-rXC/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7877074
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-en-rXC/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‏‏‏‎‎‏‎‎‏‏‎‏‎‎‎‏‎‏‎‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‏‏‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‏‎‎‎‏‏‏‎‏‎‎‎Tethering has no internet‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‎‏‎‏‎‏‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‎‎‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‎‎‏‏‎‏‏‎‎‏‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‎Devices can’t connect‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‎‏‏‏‎‏‎‎‏‎‏‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‏‏‎‎‏‏‎‏‎‏‏‏‏‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‎‎‎‏‎‏‎‎‎‎Turn off tethering‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‎‏‏‎‏‎‏‎‏‎‏‏‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‎‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‎‏‏‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‎Hotspot or tethering is on‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‏‎‏‎‏‎‏‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‎‏‏‏‏‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‏‎‏‏‏‏‎‎Additional charges may apply while roaming‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-es-rUS/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-es-rUS/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08edd81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-es-rUS/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"La conexión mediante dispositivo móvil no tiene Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"No se pueden conectar los dispositivos"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Desactivar conexión mediante dispositivo móvil"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Se activó el hotspot o la conexión mediante dispositivo móvil"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Es posible que se apliquen cargos adicionales por roaming"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-es/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-es/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79f51d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-es/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"La conexión no se puede compartir, porque no hay acceso a Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Los dispositivos no se pueden conectar"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Desactivar conexión compartida"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Punto de acceso o conexión compartida activados"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Puede que se apliquen cargos adicionales en itinerancia"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-et/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-et/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2da5f8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-et/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Jagamisel puudub internetiühendus"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Seadmed ei saa ühendust luua"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Lülita jagamine välja"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Kuumkoht või jagamine on sisse lülitatud"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Rändluse kasutamisega võivad kaasneda lisatasud"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-eu/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-eu/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2073f28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-eu/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Konexioa partekatzeko aukerak ez du Interneteko konexiorik"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Ezin dira konektatu gailuak"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Desaktibatu konexioa partekatzeko aukera"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Wifi-gunea edo konexioa partekatzeko aukera aktibatuta dago"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Baliteke kostu gehigarriak ordaindu behar izatea ibiltaritzan"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-fa/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-fa/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e21b2a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-fa/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"«اشتراک‌گذاری اینترنت» به اینترنت دسترسی ندارد"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"دستگاه‌ها متصل نمی‌شوند"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"خاموش کردن «اشتراک‌گذاری اینترنت»"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"«نقطه اتصال» یا «اشتراک‌گذاری اینترنت» روشن است"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"ممکن است درحین فراگردی تغییرات دیگر اعمال شود"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-fi/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-fi/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88b0b13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-fi/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Ei jaettavaa internetyhteyttä"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Laitteet eivät voi muodostaa yhteyttä"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Laita yhteyden jakaminen pois päältä"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Hotspot tai yhteyden jakaminen on päällä"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Roaming voi aiheuttaa lisämaksuja"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-fr-rCA/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-fr-rCA/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b781bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-fr-rCA/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Le partage de connexion n\'est pas connecté à Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Impossible de connecter les appareils"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Désactiver le partage de connexion"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Le point d\'accès ou le partage de connexion est activé"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"En itinérance, des frais supplémentaires peuvent s\'appliquer"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-fr/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-fr/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51d7203
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-fr/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Aucune connexion à Internet n\'est disponible pour le partage de connexion"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Impossible de connecter les appareils"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Désactiver le partage de connexion"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Le point d\'accès ou le partage de connexion est activé"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"En itinérance, des frais supplémentaires peuvent s\'appliquer"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-gl/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-gl/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..008ccb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-gl/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"A conexión compartida non ten Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Non se puideron conectar os dispositivos"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Desactivar conexión compartida"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Está activada a zona wifi ou a conexión compartida"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Pódense aplicar cargos adicionais en itinerancia"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-gu/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-gu/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2e3b4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-gu/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"ઇન્ટરનેટ શેર કરવાની સુવિધામાં ઇન્ટરનેટ નથી"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"ડિવાઇસ કનેક્ટ કરી શકાતા નથી"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"ઇન્ટરનેટ શેર કરવાની સુવિધા બંધ કરો"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"હૉટસ્પૉટ અથવા ઇન્ટરનેટ શેર કરવાની સુવિધા ચાલુ છે"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"રોમિંગમાં વધારાના શુલ્ક લાગી શકે છે"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-hi/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-hi/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b11839d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-hi/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"टेदरिंग से इंटरनेट नहीं चल रहा"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"डिवाइस कनेक्ट नहीं हो पा रहे"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"टेदरिंग बंद करें"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"हॉटस्पॉट या टेदरिंग चालू है"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"रोमिंग के दौरान अतिरिक्त शुल्क लग सकता है"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-hr/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-hr/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a5aca2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-hr/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Modemsko povezivanje nema internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Uređaji se ne mogu povezati"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Isključivanje modemskog povezivanja"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Uključena je žarišna točka ili modemsko povezivanje"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"U roamingu su mogući dodatni troškovi"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-hu/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-hu/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21c689a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-hu/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Nincs internetkapcsolat az internet megosztásához"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Az eszközök nem tudnak csatlakozni"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Internetmegosztás kikapcsolása"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"A hotspot vagy az internetmegosztás be van kapcsolva"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Roaming során további díjak léphetnek fel"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-hy/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-hy/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..689d928
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-hy/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Մոդեմի ռեժիմի կապը բացակայում է"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Չհաջողվեց միացնել սարքը"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Անջատել մոդեմի ռեժիմը"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Թեժ կետը կամ մոդեմի ռեժիմը միացված է"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Ռոումինգում կարող են լրացուցիչ վճարներ գանձվել"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-in/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-in/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a5f4d19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-in/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Tidak ada koneksi internet di tethering"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Perangkat tidak dapat terhubung"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Nonaktifkan tethering"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Hotspot atau tethering aktif"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Biaya tambahan mungkin berlaku saat roaming"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-is/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-is/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc7e8aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-is/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Tjóðrun er ekki með internettengingu"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Tæki geta ekki tengst"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Slökkva á tjóðrun"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Kveikt er á heitum reit eða tjóðrun"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Viðbótargjöld kunna að eiga við í reiki"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-it/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-it/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6456dd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-it/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Nessuna connessione a Internet per il tethering"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Impossibile connettere i dispositivi"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Disattiva il tethering"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Hotspot o tethering attivi"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Potrebbero essere applicati costi aggiuntivi durante il roaming"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-iw/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-iw/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46b24bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-iw/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"אי אפשר להפעיל את תכונת שיתוף האינטרנט בין מכשירים כי אין חיבור לאינטרנט"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"למכשירים אין אפשרות להתחבר"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"השבתה של שיתוף האינטרנט בין מכשירים"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"תכונת הנקודה לשיתוף אינטרנט או תכונת שיתוף האינטרנט בין מכשירים פועלת"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"ייתכנו חיובים נוספים בעת נדידה"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-ja/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-ja/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6eb277
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-ja/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"テザリングがインターネットに接続されていません"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"デバイスを接続できません"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"テザリングを OFF にする"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"アクセス ポイントまたはテザリングが ON です"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"ローミング時に追加料金が発生することがあります"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-ka/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-ka/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aeddd71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-ka/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"ტეტერინგს არ აქვს ინტერნეტზე წვდომა"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"მოწყობილობები ვერ ახერხებენ დაკავშირებას"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"ტეტერინგის გამორთვა"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"ჩართულია უსადენო ქსელი ან ტეტერინგი"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"როუმინგის გამოყენებისას შეიძლება ჩამოგეჭრათ დამატებითი საფასური"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-kk/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-kk/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..255f0a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-kk/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Тетеринг режимі интернет байланысынсыз пайдаланылуда"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Құрылғыларды байланыстыру мүмкін емес"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Тетерингіні өшіру"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Хотспот немесе тетеринг қосулы"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Роуминг кезінде қосымша ақы алынуы мүмкін."</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-km/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-km/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2bceb1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-km/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"ការភ្ជាប់​មិនមានអ៊ីនធឺណិត​ទេ"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"មិនអាច​ភ្ជាប់ឧបករណ៍​បានទេ"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"បិទការភ្ជាប់"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"ហតស្ប៉ត ឬការភ្ជាប់​ត្រូវបានបើក"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"អាចមាន​ការគិតថ្លៃ​បន្ថែម នៅពេល​រ៉ូមីង"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-kn/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-kn/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed76930
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-kn/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"ಟೆಥರಿಂಗ್‌ ಯಾವುದೇ ಇಂಟರ್ನೆಟ್ ಕನೆಕ್ಷನ್ ಹೊಂದಿಲ್ಲ"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"ಸಾಧನಗಳನ್ನು ಕನೆಕ್ಟ್ ಮಾಡಲು ಸಾಧ್ಯವಿಲ್ಲ"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"ಟೆಥರಿಂಗ್‌ ಆಫ್ ಮಾಡಿ"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"ಹಾಟ್‌ಸ್ಪಾಟ್ ಅಥವಾ ಟೆಥರಿಂಗ್‌ ಆನ್ ಆಗಿದೆ"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"ರೋಮಿಂಗ್‌ನಲ್ಲಿರುವಾಗ ಹೆಚ್ಚುವರಿ ಶುಲ್ಕಗಳು ಅನ್ವಯವಾಗಬಹುದು"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-ko/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-ko/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e50494
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-ko/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"테더링으로 인터넷을 사용할 수 없음"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"기기에서 연결할 수 없음"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"테더링 사용 중지"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"핫스팟 또는 테더링 켜짐"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"로밍 중에는 추가 요금이 발생할 수 있습니다."</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-ky/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-ky/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d68128b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-ky/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Модем режими Интернети жок колдонулууда"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Түзмөктөр туташпай жатат"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Модем режимин өчүрүү"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Байланыш түйүнү же модем режими күйүк"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Роумингде кошумча акы алынышы мүмкүн"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-lo/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-lo/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..03e134a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-lo/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"ການປ່ອຍສັນຍານບໍ່ມີອິນເຕີເນັດ"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"ອຸປະກອນບໍ່ສາມາດເຊື່ອມຕໍ່ໄດ້"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"ປິດການປ່ອຍສັນຍານ"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"ເປີດໃຊ້ຮັອດສະປອດ ຫຼື ການປ່ອຍສັນຍານຢູ່"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"ອາດມີຄ່າໃຊ້ຈ່າຍເພີ່ມເຕີມໃນລະຫວ່າງການໂຣມມິງ"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-lt/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-lt/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..652cedc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-lt/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Nėra įrenginio kaip modemo naudojimo interneto ryšio"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Nepavyko susieti įrenginių"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Išjungti įrenginio kaip modemo naudojimą"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Įjungtas viešosios interneto prieigos taškas arba įrenginio kaip modemo naudojimas"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Veikiant tarptinkliniam ryšiui gali būti taikomi papildomi mokesčiai"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-lv/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-lv/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2219722
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-lv/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Piesaistei nav interneta savienojuma"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Nevar savienot ierīces"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Izslēgt piesaisti"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Ir ieslēgts tīklājs vai piesaiste"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Viesabonēšanas laikā var tikt piemērota papildu samaksa"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-mk/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-mk/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..227f9e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-mk/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Нема интернет преку мобилен"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Уредите не може да се поврзат"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Исклучи интернет преку мобилен"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Точката на пристап или интернетот преку мобилен е вклучен"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"При роаминг може да се наплатат дополнителни трошоци"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-ml/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-ml/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec43885
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-ml/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"ടെതറിംഗിന് ഇന്റർനെറ്റ് ഇല്ല"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ കണക്റ്റ് ചെയ്യാനാവില്ല"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"ടെതറിംഗ് ഓഫാക്കുക"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"ഹോട്ട്‌സ്‌പോട്ട് അല്ലെങ്കിൽ ടെതറിംഗ് ഓണാണ്"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"റോമിംഗ് ചെയ്യുമ്പോൾ അധിക നിരക്കുകൾ ബാധകമായേക്കാം"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-mn/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-mn/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e263573
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-mn/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Модемд интернэт алга байна"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Төхөөрөмжүүд холбогдох боломжгүй байна"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Модем болгохыг унтраах"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Сүлжээний цэг эсвэл модем болгох асаалттай байна"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Роумингийн үеэр нэмэлт төлбөр нэхэмжилж болзошгүй"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-mr/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-mr/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..adf845d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-mr/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"टेदरिंगला इंटरनेट नाही"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"डिव्हाइस कनेक्ट होऊ शकत नाहीत"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"टेदरिंग बंद करा"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"हॉटस्पॉट किंवा टेदरिंग सुरू आहे"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"रोमिंगदरम्यान अतिरिक्त शुल्क लागू होऊ शकतात"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-ms/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-ms/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f65c451
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-ms/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Penambatan tiada Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Peranti tidak dapat disambungkan"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Matikan penambatan"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Tempat liputan atau penambatan dihidupkan"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Caj tambahan mungkin digunakan semasa perayauan"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-my/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-my/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4118e77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-my/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"မိုဘိုင်းဖုန်းသုံး ချိတ်ဆက်မျှဝေခြင်းတွင် အင်တာနက် မရှိပါ"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"စက်များ ချိတ်ဆက်၍ မရပါ"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"မိုဘိုင်းဖုန်းသုံး ချိတ်ဆက်မျှဝေခြင်း ပိတ်ရန်"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"ဟော့စပေါ့ (သို့) မိုဘိုင်းဖုန်းသုံး ချိတ်ဆက်မျှဝေခြင်း ဖွင့်ထားသည်"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"ပြင်ပကွန်ရက်နှင့် ချိတ်ဆက်သည့်အခါ နောက်ထပ်ကျသင့်မှုများ ရှိနိုင်သည်"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-nb/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-nb/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3685358
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-nb/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Internettdeling har ikke internettilgang"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Enhetene kan ikke koble til"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Slå av internettdeling"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Wi-Fi-sone eller internettdeling er på"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Ytterligere kostnader kan påløpe under roaming"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-ne/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-ne/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d074f15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-ne/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"टेदरिङमार्फत इन्टरनेट कनेक्सन प्राप्त हुन सकेन"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"यन्त्रहरू कनेक्ट गर्न सकिएन"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"टेदरिङ निष्क्रिय पार्नुहोस्"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"हटस्पट वा टेदरिङ सक्रिय छ"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"रोमिङ सेवा प्रयोग गर्दा अतिरिक्त शुल्क लाग्न सक्छ"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-nl/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-nl/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d88894
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-nl/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Tethering heeft geen internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Apparaten kunnen niet worden verbonden"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Tethering uitschakelen"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Hotspot of tethering is ingeschakeld"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Er kunnen extra kosten voor roaming in rekening worden gebracht."</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-or/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-or/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8038815
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-or/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"ଟିଥରିଂ ପାଇଁ କୌଣସି ଇଣ୍ଟର୍ନେଟ୍ ସଂଯୋଗ ନାହିଁ"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"ଡିଭାଇସଗୁଡ଼ିକ ସଂଯୋଗ କରାଯାଇପାରିବ ନାହିଁ"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"ଟିଥରିଂ ବନ୍ଦ କରନ୍ତୁ"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"ହଟସ୍ପଟ୍ କିମ୍ବା ଟିଥରିଂ ଚାଲୁ ଅଛି"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"ରୋମିଂରେ ଥିବା ସମୟରେ ଅତିରିକ୍ତ ଶୁଳ୍କ ଲାଗୁ ହୋଇପାରେ"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-pa/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-pa/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..819833e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-pa/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"ਟੈਦਰਿੰਗ ਕੋਲ ਇੰਟਰਨੈੱਟ ਪਹੁੰਚ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"ਡੀਵਾਈਸ ਕਨੈਕਟ ਨਹੀਂ ਕੀਤੇ ਜਾ ਸਕਦੇ"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"ਟੈਦਰਿੰਗ ਬੰਦ ਕਰੋ"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"ਹੌਟਸਪੌਟ ਜਾਂ ਟੈਦਰਿੰਗ ਚਾਲੂ ਹੈ"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"ਰੋਮਿੰਗ ਦੌਰਾਨ ਵਧੀਕ ਖਰਚੇ ਲਾਗੂ ਹੋ ਸਕਦੇ ਹਨ"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-pl/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-pl/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65e4380
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-pl/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Tethering nie ma internetu"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Urządzenia nie mogą się połączyć"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Wyłącz tethering"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Hotspot lub tethering jest włączony"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Podczas korzystania z roamingu mogą zostać naliczone dodatkowe opłaty"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-pt-rBR/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-pt-rBR/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d886617
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-pt-rBR/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"O tethering não tem Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Não é possível conectar os dispositivos"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Desativar o tethering"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Ponto de acesso ou tethering ativado"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Pode haver cobranças extras durante o roaming"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-pt-rPT/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-pt-rPT/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bfd45ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-pt-rPT/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"A ligação (à Internet) via telemóvel não tem Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Não é possível ligar os dispositivos"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Desativar ligação (à Internet) via telemóvel"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"A zona Wi-Fi ou a ligação (à Internet) via telemóvel está ativada"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Podem aplicar-se custos adicionais em roaming."</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-pt/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-pt/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d886617
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-pt/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"O tethering não tem Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Não é possível conectar os dispositivos"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Desativar o tethering"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Ponto de acesso ou tethering ativado"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Pode haver cobranças extras durante o roaming"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-ro/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-ro/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d87a9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-ro/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Procesul de tethering nu are internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Dispozitivele nu se pot conecta"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Dezactivați procesul de tethering"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"S-a activat hotspotul sau tethering"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Se pot aplica taxe suplimentare pentru roaming"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-ru/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-ru/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dbdb9eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-ru/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Режим модема используется без доступа к Интернету"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Невозможно подключить устройства."</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Отключить режим модема"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Включены точка доступа или режим модема"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"За использование услуг связи в роуминге может взиматься дополнительная плата."</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-si/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-si/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8301e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-si/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"ටෙදරින් හට අන්තර්ජාලය නැත"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"උපාංගවලට සම්බන්ධ විය නොහැකිය"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"ටෙදරින් ක්‍රියාවිරහිත කරන්න"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"හොට්ස්පොට් හෝ ටෙදරින් ක්‍රියාත්මකයි"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"රෝමිං අතරතුර අමතර ගාස්තු අදාළ විය හැකිය"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-sk/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-sk/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bef7136
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-sk/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Tethering nemá internetové pripojenie"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Zariadenia sa nemôžu pripojiť"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Vypnúť tethering"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Je zapnutý hotspot alebo tethering"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Počas roamingu vám môžu byť účtované ďalšie poplatky"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-sl/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-sl/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3202c62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-sl/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Internetna povezava prek mobilnega telefona ni vzpostavljena"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Napravi se ne moreta povezati"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Izklopi internetno povezavo prek mobilnega telefona"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Dostopna točka ali internetna povezava prek mobilnega telefona je vklopljena"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Med gostovanjem lahko nastanejo dodatni stroški"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-sq/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-sq/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..37f6ad2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-sq/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Ndarja e internetit nuk ka internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Pajisjet nuk mund të lidhen"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Çaktivizo ndarjen e internetit"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Zona e qasjes për internet ose ndarja e internetit është aktive"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Mund të zbatohen tarifime shtesë kur je në roaming"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-sr/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-sr/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5566d03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-sr/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Привезивање нема приступ интернету"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Повезивање уређаја није успело"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Искључи привезивање"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Укључен је хотспот или привезивање"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Можда важе додатни трошкови у ромингу"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-sv/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-sv/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9765acd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-sv/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Det finns ingen internetanslutning för internetdelningen"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Enheterna kan inte anslutas"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Inaktivera internetdelning"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Surfzon eller internetdelning har aktiverats"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Ytterligare avgifter kan tillkomma vid roaming"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-sw/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-sw/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf850c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-sw/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Kipengele cha kusambaza mtandao hakina intaneti"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Imeshindwa kuunganisha vifaa"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Zima kipengele cha kusambaza mtandao"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Umewasha kipengele cha kusambaza mtandao au mtandao pepe"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Huenda ukatozwa gharama za ziada ukitumia mitandao ya ng\'ambo"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-ta/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-ta/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4b15aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-ta/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"இணைப்பு முறைக்கு இணைய இணைப்பு இல்லை"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"சாதனங்களால் இணைய முடியவில்லை"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"இணைப்பு முறையை ஆஃப் செய்"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"ஹாட்ஸ்பாட் அல்லது இணைப்பு முறை ஆன் செய்யப்பட்டுள்ளது"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"ரோமிங்கின்போது கூடுதல் கட்டணங்கள் விதிக்கப்படக்கூடும்"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-te/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-te/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..937d34d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-te/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"టెథరింగ్ చేయడానికి ఇంటర్నెట్ కనెక్షన్ లేదు"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"పరికరాలు కనెక్ట్ అవ్వడం లేదు"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"టెథరింగ్‌ను ఆఫ్ చేయండి"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"హాట్‌స్పాట్ లేదా టెథరింగ్ ఆన్‌లో ఉంది"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"రోమింగ్‌లో ఉన్నప్పుడు అదనపు ఛార్జీలు వర్తించవచ్చు"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-th/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-th/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f781fae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-th/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"การเชื่อมต่ออินเทอร์เน็ตผ่านมือถือไม่มีอินเทอร์เน็ต"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"อุปกรณ์เชื่อมต่อไม่ได้"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"ปิดการเชื่อมต่ออินเทอร์เน็ตผ่านมือถือ"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"ฮอตสปอตหรือการเชื่อมต่ออินเทอร์เน็ตผ่านมือถือเปิดอยู่"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"อาจมีค่าใช้จ่ายเพิ่มเติมขณะโรมมิ่ง"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-tl/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-tl/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d5d465
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-tl/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Walang internet ang pag-tether"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Hindi makakonekta ang mga device"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"I-off ang pag-tether"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Naka-on ang Hotspot o pag-tether"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Posibleng magkaroon ng mga karagdagang singil habang nagro-roam"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-tr/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-tr/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..80cab33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-tr/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Tethering\'in internet bağlantısı yok"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Cihazlar bağlanamıyor"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Tethering\'i kapat"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Hotspot veya tethering açık"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Dolaşım sırasında ek ücretler uygulanabilir"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-uk/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-uk/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c05932a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-uk/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Телефон, який використовується як модем, не підключений до Інтернету"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Не вдається підключити пристрої"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Вимкнути використання телефона як модема"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Увімкнено точку доступу або використання телефона як модема"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"У роумінгу може стягуватися додаткова плата"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-ur/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-ur/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d820eee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-ur/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"ٹیدرنگ میں انٹرنیٹ نہیں ہے"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"آلات منسلک نہیں ہو سکتے"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"ٹیدرنگ آف کریں"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"ہاٹ اسپاٹ یا ٹیدرنگ آن ہے"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"رومنگ کے دوران اضافی چارجز لاگو ہو سکتے ہیں"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-uz/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-uz/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..726148a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-uz/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Modem internetga ulanmagan"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Qurilmalar ulanmadi"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Modem rejimini faolsizlantirish"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Hotspot yoki modem rejimi yoniq"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Rouming vaqtida qoʻshimcha haq olinishi mumkin"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-vi/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-vi/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7cb045
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-vi/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Không có Internet để chia sẻ kết Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Các thiết bị không thể kết nối"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Tắt tính năng chia sẻ Internet"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"Điểm phát sóng hoặc tính năng chia sẻ Internet đang bật"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Bạn có thể mất thêm phí dữ liệu khi chuyển vùng"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-zh-rCN/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-zh-rCN/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af91aff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-zh-rCN/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"共享网络未连接到互联网"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"设备无法连接"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"关闭网络共享"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"热点或网络共享已开启"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"漫游时可能会产生额外的费用"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-zh-rHK/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-zh-rHK/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28e6b80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-zh-rHK/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"無法透過網絡共享連線至互聯網"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"裝置無法連接"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"關閉網絡共享"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"熱點或網絡共享已開啟"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"漫遊時可能需要支付額外費用"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-zh-rTW/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-zh-rTW/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..528a1e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-zh-rTW/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"無法透過網路共用連上網際網路"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"裝置無法連線"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"關閉網路共用"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"無線基地台或網路共用已開啟"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"使用漫遊服務可能須支付額外費用"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-zu/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-zu/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..11eb666
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-zu/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="5030042590486713460">"Ukusebenzisa ifoni njengemodemu akunayo i-inthanethi"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="3843613362272973447">"Amadivayisi awakwazi ukuxhumeka"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="6385491461813507624">"Vala ukusebenzisa ifoni njengemodemu"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="3015912166812283303">"I-hotspot noma ukusebenzisa ifoni njengemodemu kuvuliwe"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="6724434706748439902">"Kungaba nezinkokhelo ezengeziwe uma uzula"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004/config.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004/config.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c5be04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004/config.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+<resources>
+    <!-- Delay(millisecond) to show no upstream notification after there's no Backhaul. Set delay to
+         "0" for disable this feature. -->
+    <integer name="delay_to_show_no_upstream_after_no_backhaul">5000</integer>
+
+    <!-- Config for showing upstream roaming notification. -->
+    <bool name="config_upstream_roaming_notification">true</bool>
+</resources>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce9ff60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+<resources>
+    <!-- String for no upstream notification title [CHAR LIMIT=200] -->
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title">Tethering has no internet</string>
+    <!-- String for no upstream notification title [CHAR LIMIT=200] -->
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message">Devices can\u2019t connect</string>
+    <!-- String for no upstream notification disable button [CHAR LIMIT=200] -->
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button">Turn off tethering</string>
+
+    <!-- String for cellular roaming notification title [CHAR LIMIT=200] -->
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title">Hotspot or tethering is on</string>
+    <!-- String for cellular roaming notification message [CHAR LIMIT=500] -->
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message">Additional charges may apply while roaming</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-af/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-af/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9bfa531
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-af/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Verbinding het nie internet nie"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Toestelle kan nie koppel nie"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Skakel verbinding af"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Warmkol of verbinding is aan"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Bykomende heffings kan geld terwyl jy swerf"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-am/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-am/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5949dfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-am/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"ማስተሳሰር ምንም በይነመረብ የለውም"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"መሣሪያዎችን ማገናኘት አይቻልም"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"ማስተሳሰርን አጥፋ"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"መገናኛ ነጥብ ወይም ማስተሳሰር በርቷል"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"በሚያንዣብብበት ጊዜ ተጨማሪ ክፍያዎች ተፈጻሚ ሊሆኑ ይችላሉ"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-ar/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-ar/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8467f9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-ar/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"ما مِن اتصال بالإنترنت خلال التوصيل"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"تعذّر اتصال الأجهزة"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"إيقاف التوصيل"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"نقطة الاتصال أو التوصيل مفعّلان"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"قد يتم تطبيق رسوم إضافية أثناء التجوال."</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-as/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-as/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9776bd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-as/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"টে\'ডাৰিঙৰ ইণ্টাৰনেট নাই"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"ডিভাইচসমূহ সংযোগ কৰিব নোৱাৰি"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"টে\'ডাৰিং অফ কৰক"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"হটস্পট অথবা টে\'ডাৰিং অন আছে"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"ৰ\'মিঙত থাকিলে অতিৰিক্ত মাচুল প্ৰযোজ্য হ’ব পাৰে"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-az/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-az/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6d3eaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-az/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Modemin internetə girişi yoxdur"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Cihazları qoşmaq mümkün deyil"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Modemi deaktiv edin"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Hotspot və ya modem aktivdir"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Rouminq zamanı əlavə ödənişlər tətbiq edilə bilər"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-b+sr+Latn/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-b+sr+Latn/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c8a1df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-b+sr+Latn/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Privezivanje nema pristup internetu"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Povezivanje uređaja nije uspelo"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Isključi privezivanje"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Uključen je hotspot ili privezivanje"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Možda važe dodatni troškovi u romingu"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-be/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-be/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..edfa41e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-be/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Рэжым мадэма выкарыстоўваецца без доступу да інтэрнэту"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Не ўдалося падключыць прылады"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Выключыць рэжым мадэма"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Хот-спот або рэжым мадэма ўключаны"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Пры выкарыстанні роўмінгу можа спаганяцца дадатковая плата"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-bg/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-bg/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f563981
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-bg/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Тетърингът няма връзка с интернет"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Устройствата не могат да установят връзка"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Изключване на тетъринга"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Точката за достъп или тетърингът са включени"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Възможно е да ви бъдат начислени допълнителни такси при роуминг"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-bn/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-bn/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8ecd2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-bn/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"টিথারিং করার জন্য কোনও ইন্টারনেট কানেকশন নেই"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"ডিভাইস কানেক্ট করতে পারছে না"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"টিথারিং বন্ধ করুন"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"হটস্পট বা টিথারিং চালু আছে"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"রোমিংয়ের সময় অতিরিক্ত চার্জ করা হতে পারে"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-bs/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-bs/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b85fd5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-bs/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Povezivanje putem mobitela nema internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Uređaji se ne mogu povezati"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Isključi povezivanje putem mobitela"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Pristupna tačka ili povezivanje putem mobitela je uključeno"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Mogu nastati dodatni troškovi u romingu"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-ca/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-ca/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a357215
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-ca/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"La compartició de xarxa no té accés a Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"No es poden connectar els dispositius"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Desactiva la compartició de xarxa"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"S\'ha activat el punt d\'accés Wi‑Fi o la compartició de xarxa"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"És possible que s\'apliquin costos addicionals en itinerància"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-cs/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-cs/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91196be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-cs/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Tethering nemá připojení k internetu"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Zařízení se nemůžou připojit"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Vypnout tethering"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Je zapnutý hotspot nebo tethering"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Při roamingu mohou být účtovány dodatečné poplatky"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-da/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-da/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1968900
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-da/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Netdeling har ingen internetforbindelse"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Enheder kan ikke oprette forbindelse"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Deaktiver netdeling"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Hotspot eller netdeling er aktiveret"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Der opkræves muligvis yderligere gebyrer ved roaming"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-de/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-de/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb3f8c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-de/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Tethering hat keinen Internetzugriff"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Geräte können sich nicht verbinden"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Tethering deaktivieren"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Hotspot oder Tethering ist aktiviert"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Für das Roaming können zusätzliche Gebühren anfallen"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-el/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-el/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56c3d81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-el/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Η σύνδεση δεν έχει πρόσβαση στο διαδίκτυο"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Δεν είναι δυνατή η σύνδεση των συσκευών"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Απενεργοποιήστε τη σύνδεση"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Ενεργό σημείο πρόσβασης Wi-Fi ή ενεργή σύνδεση"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Ενδέχεται να ισχύουν επιπλέον χρεώσεις κατά την περιαγωγή."</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-en-rAU/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-en-rAU/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd1a197
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-en-rAU/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Tethering has no Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Devices can’t connect"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Turn off tethering"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Hotspot or tethering is on"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Additional charges may apply while roaming"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-en-rCA/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-en-rCA/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd1a197
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-en-rCA/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Tethering has no Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Devices can’t connect"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Turn off tethering"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Hotspot or tethering is on"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Additional charges may apply while roaming"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-en-rGB/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-en-rGB/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd1a197
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-en-rGB/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Tethering has no Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Devices can’t connect"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Turn off tethering"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Hotspot or tethering is on"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Additional charges may apply while roaming"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-en-rIN/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-en-rIN/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd1a197
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-en-rIN/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Tethering has no Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Devices can’t connect"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Turn off tethering"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Hotspot or tethering is on"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Additional charges may apply while roaming"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-en-rXC/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-en-rXC/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d3347aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-en-rXC/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‎‏‏‎‏‎‏‎‏‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‏‎‏‎‎‎‏‎‎‎Tethering has no internet‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‎‏‎‎‏‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‎‏‏‎‏‎‏‎‏‎‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‎‏‏‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‎Devices can’t connect‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‎‏‏‎‎‏‏‎‎‏‏‏‎‏‎‏‎‎‎‏‏‏‎‎‏‏‏‏‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‏‏‎‎‎Turn off tethering‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‎Hotspot or tethering is on‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‏‎‏‎‏‎‎‎‏‎‏‎‏‏‎‏‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‎‎‏‏‏‏‎‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‎‏‎‏‎‎‏‏‎‎‏‏‎Additional charges may apply while roaming‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-es-rUS/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-es-rUS/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f0504f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-es-rUS/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"La conexión mediante dispositivo móvil no tiene Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"No se pueden conectar los dispositivos"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Desactivar conexión mediante dispositivo móvil"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Se activó el hotspot o la conexión mediante dispositivo móvil"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Es posible que se apliquen cargos adicionales por roaming"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-es/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-es/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d8f882
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-es/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"La conexión no se puede compartir, porque no hay acceso a Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Los dispositivos no se pueden conectar"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Desactivar conexión compartida"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Punto de acceso o conexión compartida activados"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Puede que se apliquen cargos adicionales en itinerancia"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-et/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-et/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8493c47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-et/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Jagamisel puudub internetiühendus"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Seadmed ei saa ühendust luua"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Lülita jagamine välja"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Kuumkoht või jagamine on sisse lülitatud"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Rändluse kasutamisega võivad kaasneda lisatasud"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-eu/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-eu/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33bccab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-eu/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Konexioa partekatzeko aukerak ez du Interneteko konexiorik"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Ezin dira konektatu gailuak"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Desaktibatu konexioa partekatzeko aukera"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Wifi-gunea edo konexioa partekatzeko aukera aktibatuta dago"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Baliteke kostu gehigarriak ordaindu behar izatea ibiltaritzan"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-fa/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-fa/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf8a0cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-fa/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"«اشتراک‌گذاری اینترنت» به اینترنت دسترسی ندارد"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"دستگاه‌ها متصل نمی‌شوند"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"خاموش کردن «اشتراک‌گذاری اینترنت»"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"«نقطه اتصال» یا «اشتراک‌گذاری اینترنت» روشن است"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"ممکن است درحین فراگردی تغییرات دیگر اعمال شود"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-fi/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-fi/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a3ab80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-fi/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Ei jaettavaa internetyhteyttä"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Laitteet eivät voi muodostaa yhteyttä"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Laita yhteyden jakaminen pois päältä"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Hotspot tai yhteyden jakaminen on päällä"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Roaming voi aiheuttaa lisämaksuja"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-fr-rCA/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-fr-rCA/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ffb9bf6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-fr-rCA/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Le partage de connexion n\'est pas connecté à Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Impossible de connecter les appareils"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Désactiver le partage de connexion"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Le point d\'accès ou le partage de connexion est activé"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"En itinérance, des frais supplémentaires peuvent s\'appliquer"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-fr/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-fr/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..768bce3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-fr/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Aucune connexion à Internet n\'est disponible pour le partage de connexion"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Impossible de connecter les appareils"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Désactiver le partage de connexion"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Le point d\'accès ou le partage de connexion est activé"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"En itinérance, des frais supplémentaires peuvent s\'appliquer"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-gl/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-gl/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c4195a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-gl/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"A conexión compartida non ten Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Non se puideron conectar os dispositivos"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Desactivar conexión compartida"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Está activada a zona wifi ou a conexión compartida"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Pódense aplicar cargos adicionais en itinerancia"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-gu/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-gu/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e9d33a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-gu/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"ઇન્ટરનેટ શેર કરવાની સુવિધામાં ઇન્ટરનેટ નથી"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"ડિવાઇસ કનેક્ટ કરી શકાતા નથી"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"ઇન્ટરનેટ શેર કરવાની સુવિધા બંધ કરો"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"હૉટસ્પૉટ અથવા ઇન્ટરનેટ શેર કરવાની સુવિધા ચાલુ છે"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"રોમિંગમાં વધારાના શુલ્ક લાગી શકે છે"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-hi/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-hi/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa418ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-hi/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"टेदरिंग से इंटरनेट नहीं चल रहा"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"डिवाइस कनेक्ट नहीं हो पा रहे"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"टेदरिंग बंद करें"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"हॉटस्पॉट या टेदरिंग चालू है"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"रोमिंग के दौरान अतिरिक्त शुल्क लग सकता है"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-hr/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-hr/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51c524a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-hr/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Modemsko povezivanje nema internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Uređaji se ne mogu povezati"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Isključivanje modemskog povezivanja"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Uključena je žarišna točka ili modemsko povezivanje"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"U roamingu su mogući dodatni troškovi"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-hu/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-hu/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..164e45e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-hu/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Nincs internetkapcsolat az internet megosztásához"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Az eszközök nem tudnak csatlakozni"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Internetmegosztás kikapcsolása"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"A hotspot vagy az internetmegosztás be van kapcsolva"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Roaming során további díjak léphetnek fel"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-hy/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-hy/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e76c0a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-hy/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Մոդեմի ռեժիմի կապը բացակայում է"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Չհաջողվեց միացնել սարքը"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Անջատել մոդեմի ռեժիմը"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Թեժ կետը կամ մոդեմի ռեժիմը միացված է"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Ռոումինգում կարող են լրացուցիչ վճարներ գանձվել"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-in/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-in/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b817f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-in/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Tidak ada koneksi internet di tethering"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Perangkat tidak dapat terhubung"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Nonaktifkan tethering"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Hotspot atau tethering aktif"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Biaya tambahan mungkin berlaku saat roaming"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-is/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-is/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a338d9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-is/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Tjóðrun er ekki með internettengingu"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Tæki geta ekki tengst"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Slökkva á tjóðrun"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Kveikt er á heitum reit eða tjóðrun"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Viðbótargjöld kunna að eiga við í reiki"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-it/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-it/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..77769c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-it/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Nessuna connessione a Internet per il tethering"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Impossibile connettere i dispositivi"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Disattiva il tethering"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Hotspot o tethering attivi"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Potrebbero essere applicati costi aggiuntivi durante il roaming"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-iw/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-iw/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5267b51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-iw/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"אי אפשר להפעיל את תכונת שיתוף האינטרנט בין מכשירים כי אין חיבור לאינטרנט"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"למכשירים אין אפשרות להתחבר"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"השבתה של שיתוף האינטרנט בין מכשירים"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"תכונת הנקודה לשיתוף אינטרנט או תכונת שיתוף האינטרנט בין מכשירים פועלת"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"ייתכנו חיובים נוספים בעת נדידה"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-ja/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-ja/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66a9a6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-ja/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"テザリングがインターネットに接続されていません"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"デバイスを接続できません"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"テザリングを OFF にする"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"アクセス ポイントまたはテザリングが ON です"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"ローミング時に追加料金が発生することがあります"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-ka/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-ka/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8ad880
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-ka/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"ტეტერინგს არ აქვს ინტერნეტზე წვდომა"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"მოწყობილობები ვერ ახერხებენ დაკავშირებას"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"ტეტერინგის გამორთვა"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"ჩართულია უსადენო ქსელი ან ტეტერინგი"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"როუმინგის გამოყენებისას შეიძლება ჩამოგეჭრათ დამატებითი საფასური"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-kk/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-kk/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ddd6b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-kk/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Тетеринг режимі интернет байланысынсыз пайдаланылуда"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Құрылғыларды байланыстыру мүмкін емес"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Тетерингіні өшіру"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Хотспот немесе тетеринг қосулы"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Роуминг кезінде қосымша ақы алынуы мүмкін."</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-km/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-km/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf5a137
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-km/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"ការភ្ជាប់​មិនមានអ៊ីនធឺណិត​ទេ"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"មិនអាច​ភ្ជាប់ឧបករណ៍​បានទេ"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"បិទការភ្ជាប់"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"ហតស្ប៉ត ឬការភ្ជាប់​ត្រូវបានបើក"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"អាចមាន​ការគិតថ្លៃ​បន្ថែម នៅពេល​រ៉ូមីង"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-kn/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-kn/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..68ae68b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-kn/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"ಟೆಥರಿಂಗ್‌ ಯಾವುದೇ ಇಂಟರ್ನೆಟ್ ಕನೆಕ್ಷನ್ ಹೊಂದಿಲ್ಲ"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"ಸಾಧನಗಳನ್ನು ಕನೆಕ್ಟ್ ಮಾಡಲು ಸಾಧ್ಯವಿಲ್ಲ"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"ಟೆಥರಿಂಗ್‌ ಆಫ್ ಮಾಡಿ"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"ಹಾಟ್‌ಸ್ಪಾಟ್ ಅಥವಾ ಟೆಥರಿಂಗ್‌ ಆನ್ ಆಗಿದೆ"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"ರೋಮಿಂಗ್‌ನಲ್ಲಿರುವಾಗ ಹೆಚ್ಚುವರಿ ಶುಲ್ಕಗಳು ಅನ್ವಯವಾಗಬಹುದು"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-ko/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-ko/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..17185ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-ko/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"테더링으로 인터넷을 사용할 수 없음"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"기기에서 연결할 수 없음"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"테더링 사용 중지"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"핫스팟 또는 테더링 켜짐"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"로밍 중에는 추가 요금이 발생할 수 있습니다."</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-ky/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-ky/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a9fb98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-ky/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Модем режими Интернети жок колдонулууда"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Түзмөктөр туташпай жатат"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Модем режимин өчүрүү"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Байланыш түйүнү же модем режими күйүк"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Роумингде кошумча акы алынышы мүмкүн"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-lo/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-lo/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bcc4b57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-lo/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"ການປ່ອຍສັນຍານບໍ່ມີອິນເຕີເນັດ"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"ອຸປະກອນບໍ່ສາມາດເຊື່ອມຕໍ່ໄດ້"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"ປິດການປ່ອຍສັນຍານ"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"ເປີດໃຊ້ຮັອດສະປອດ ຫຼື ການປ່ອຍສັນຍານຢູ່"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"ອາດມີຄ່າໃຊ້ຈ່າຍເພີ່ມເຕີມໃນລະຫວ່າງການໂຣມມິງ"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-lt/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-lt/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..011c2c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-lt/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Nėra įrenginio kaip modemo naudojimo interneto ryšio"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Nepavyko susieti įrenginių"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Išjungti įrenginio kaip modemo naudojimą"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Įjungtas viešosios interneto prieigos taškas arba įrenginio kaip modemo naudojimas"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Veikiant tarptinkliniam ryšiui gali būti taikomi papildomi mokesčiai"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-lv/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-lv/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5cb2f3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-lv/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Piesaistei nav interneta savienojuma"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Nevar savienot ierīces"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Izslēgt piesaisti"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Ir ieslēgts tīklājs vai piesaiste"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Viesabonēšanas laikā var tikt piemērota papildu samaksa"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-mk/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-mk/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4cbfd88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-mk/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Нема интернет преку мобилен"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Уредите не може да се поврзат"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Исклучи интернет преку мобилен"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Точката на пристап или интернетот преку мобилен е вклучен"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"При роаминг може да се наплатат дополнителни трошоци"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-ml/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-ml/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9cf4eaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-ml/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"ടെതറിംഗിന് ഇന്റർനെറ്റ് ഇല്ല"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ കണക്റ്റ് ചെയ്യാനാവില്ല"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"ടെതറിംഗ് ഓഫാക്കുക"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"ഹോട്ട്‌സ്‌പോട്ട് അല്ലെങ്കിൽ ടെതറിംഗ് ഓണാണ്"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"റോമിംഗ് ചെയ്യുമ്പോൾ അധിക നിരക്കുകൾ ബാധകമായേക്കാം"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-mn/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-mn/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..47c82c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-mn/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Модемд интернэт алга байна"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Төхөөрөмжүүд холбогдох боломжгүй байна"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Модем болгохыг унтраах"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Сүлжээний цэг эсвэл модем болгох асаалттай байна"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Роумингийн үеэр нэмэлт төлбөр нэхэмжилж болзошгүй"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-mr/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-mr/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad9e809
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-mr/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"टेदरिंगला इंटरनेट नाही"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"डिव्हाइस कनेक्ट होऊ शकत नाहीत"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"टेदरिंग बंद करा"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"हॉटस्पॉट किंवा टेदरिंग सुरू आहे"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"रोमिंगदरम्यान अतिरिक्त शुल्क लागू होऊ शकतात"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-ms/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-ms/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e708cb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-ms/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Penambatan tiada Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Peranti tidak dapat disambungkan"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Matikan penambatan"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Tempat liputan atau penambatan dihidupkan"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Caj tambahan mungkin digunakan semasa perayauan"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-my/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-my/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba54622
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-my/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"မိုဘိုင်းဖုန်းသုံး ချိတ်ဆက်မျှဝေခြင်းတွင် အင်တာနက် မရှိပါ"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"စက်များ ချိတ်ဆက်၍ မရပါ"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"မိုဘိုင်းဖုန်းသုံး ချိတ်ဆက်မျှဝေခြင်း ပိတ်ရန်"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"ဟော့စပေါ့ (သို့) မိုဘိုင်းဖုန်းသုံး ချိတ်ဆက်မျှဝေခြင်း ဖွင့်ထားသည်"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"ပြင်ပကွန်ရက်နှင့် ချိတ်ဆက်သည့်အခါ နောက်ထပ်ကျသင့်မှုများ ရှိနိုင်သည်"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-nb/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-nb/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..57db484
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-nb/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Internettdeling har ikke internettilgang"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Enhetene kan ikke koble til"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Slå av internettdeling"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Wi-Fi-sone eller internettdeling er på"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Ytterligere kostnader kan påløpe under roaming"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-ne/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-ne/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1503244
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-ne/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"टेदरिङमार्फत इन्टरनेट कनेक्सन प्राप्त हुन सकेन"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"यन्त्रहरू कनेक्ट गर्न सकिएन"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"टेदरिङ निष्क्रिय पार्नुहोस्"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"हटस्पट वा टेदरिङ सक्रिय छ"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"रोमिङ सेवा प्रयोग गर्दा अतिरिक्त शुल्क लाग्न सक्छ"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-nl/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-nl/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b08133f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-nl/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Tethering heeft geen internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Apparaten kunnen niet worden verbonden"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Tethering uitschakelen"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Hotspot of tethering is ingeschakeld"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Er kunnen extra kosten voor roaming in rekening worden gebracht."</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-or/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-or/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ad4ca3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-or/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"ଟିଥରିଂ ପାଇଁ କୌଣସି ଇଣ୍ଟର୍ନେଟ୍ ସଂଯୋଗ ନାହିଁ"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"ଡିଭାଇସଗୁଡ଼ିକ ସଂଯୋଗ କରାଯାଇପାରିବ ନାହିଁ"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"ଟିଥରିଂ ବନ୍ଦ କରନ୍ତୁ"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"ହଟସ୍ପଟ୍ କିମ୍ବା ଟିଥରିଂ ଚାଲୁ ଅଛି"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"ରୋମିଂରେ ଥିବା ସମୟରେ ଅତିରିକ୍ତ ଶୁଳ୍କ ଲାଗୁ ହୋଇପାରେ"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-pa/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-pa/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88def56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-pa/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"ਟੈਦਰਿੰਗ ਕੋਲ ਇੰਟਰਨੈੱਟ ਪਹੁੰਚ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"ਡੀਵਾਈਸ ਕਨੈਕਟ ਨਹੀਂ ਕੀਤੇ ਜਾ ਸਕਦੇ"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"ਟੈਦਰਿੰਗ ਬੰਦ ਕਰੋ"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"ਹੌਟਸਪੌਟ ਜਾਂ ਟੈਦਰਿੰਗ ਚਾਲੂ ਹੈ"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"ਰੋਮਿੰਗ ਦੌਰਾਨ ਵਧੀਕ ਖਰਚੇ ਲਾਗੂ ਹੋ ਸਕਦੇ ਹਨ"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-pl/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-pl/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9890ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-pl/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Tethering nie ma internetu"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Urządzenia nie mogą się połączyć"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Wyłącz tethering"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Hotspot lub tethering jest włączony"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Podczas korzystania z roamingu mogą zostać naliczone dodatkowe opłaty"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-pt-rBR/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-pt-rBR/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce3b884
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-pt-rBR/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"O tethering não tem Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Não é possível conectar os dispositivos"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Desativar o tethering"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Ponto de acesso ou tethering ativado"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Pode haver cobranças extras durante o roaming"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-pt-rPT/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-pt-rPT/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e883ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-pt-rPT/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"A ligação (à Internet) via telemóvel não tem Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Não é possível ligar os dispositivos"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Desativar ligação (à Internet) via telemóvel"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"A zona Wi-Fi ou a ligação (à Internet) via telemóvel está ativada"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Podem aplicar-se custos adicionais em roaming."</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-pt/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-pt/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce3b884
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-pt/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"O tethering não tem Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Não é possível conectar os dispositivos"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Desativar o tethering"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Ponto de acesso ou tethering ativado"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Pode haver cobranças extras durante o roaming"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-ro/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-ro/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1009417
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-ro/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Procesul de tethering nu are internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Dispozitivele nu se pot conecta"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Dezactivați procesul de tethering"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"S-a activat hotspotul sau tethering"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Se pot aplica taxe suplimentare pentru roaming"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-ru/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-ru/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88683be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-ru/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Режим модема используется без доступа к Интернету"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Невозможно подключить устройства."</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Отключить режим модема"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Включены точка доступа или режим модема"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"За использование услуг связи в роуминге может взиматься дополнительная плата."</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-si/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-si/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..176bcdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-si/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"ටෙදරින් හට අන්තර්ජාලය නැත"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"උපාංගවලට සම්බන්ධ විය නොහැකිය"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"ටෙදරින් ක්‍රියාවිරහිත කරන්න"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"හොට්ස්පොට් හෝ ටෙදරින් ක්‍රියාත්මකයි"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"රෝමිං අතරතුර අමතර ගාස්තු අදාළ විය හැකිය"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-sk/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-sk/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9e2127
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-sk/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Tethering nemá internetové pripojenie"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Zariadenia sa nemôžu pripojiť"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Vypnúť tethering"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Je zapnutý hotspot alebo tethering"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Počas roamingu vám môžu byť účtované ďalšie poplatky"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-sl/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-sl/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8140e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-sl/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Internetna povezava prek mobilnega telefona ni vzpostavljena"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Napravi se ne moreta povezati"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Izklopi internetno povezavo prek mobilnega telefona"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Dostopna točka ali internetna povezava prek mobilnega telefona je vklopljena"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Med gostovanjem lahko nastanejo dodatni stroški"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-sq/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-sq/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..61e698d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-sq/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Ndarja e internetit nuk ka internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Pajisjet nuk mund të lidhen"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Çaktivizo ndarjen e internetit"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Zona e qasjes për internet ose ndarja e internetit është aktive"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Mund të zbatohen tarifime shtesë kur je në roaming"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-sr/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-sr/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4c411c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-sr/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Привезивање нема приступ интернету"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Повезивање уређаја није успело"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Искључи привезивање"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Укључен је хотспот или привезивање"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Можда важе додатни трошкови у ромингу"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-sv/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-sv/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f543e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-sv/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Det finns ingen internetanslutning för internetdelningen"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Enheterna kan inte anslutas"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Inaktivera internetdelning"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Surfzon eller internetdelning har aktiverats"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Ytterligare avgifter kan tillkomma vid roaming"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-sw/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-sw/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac347ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-sw/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Kipengele cha kusambaza mtandao hakina intaneti"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Imeshindwa kuunganisha vifaa"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Zima kipengele cha kusambaza mtandao"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Umewasha kipengele cha kusambaza mtandao au mtandao pepe"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Huenda ukatozwa gharama za ziada ukitumia mitandao ya ng\'ambo"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-ta/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-ta/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ea2467
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-ta/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"இணைப்பு முறைக்கு இணைய இணைப்பு இல்லை"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"சாதனங்களால் இணைய முடியவில்லை"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"இணைப்பு முறையை ஆஃப் செய்"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"ஹாட்ஸ்பாட் அல்லது இணைப்பு முறை ஆன் செய்யப்பட்டுள்ளது"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"ரோமிங்கின்போது கூடுதல் கட்டணங்கள் விதிக்கப்படக்கூடும்"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-te/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-te/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9360297
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-te/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"టెథరింగ్ చేయడానికి ఇంటర్నెట్ కనెక్షన్ లేదు"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"పరికరాలు కనెక్ట్ అవ్వడం లేదు"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"టెథరింగ్‌ను ఆఫ్ చేయండి"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"హాట్‌స్పాట్ లేదా టెథరింగ్ ఆన్‌లో ఉంది"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"రోమింగ్‌లో ఉన్నప్పుడు అదనపు ఛార్జీలు వర్తించవచ్చు"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-th/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-th/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c4d7e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-th/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"การเชื่อมต่ออินเทอร์เน็ตผ่านมือถือไม่มีอินเทอร์เน็ต"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"อุปกรณ์เชื่อมต่อไม่ได้"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"ปิดการเชื่อมต่ออินเทอร์เน็ตผ่านมือถือ"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"ฮอตสปอตหรือการเชื่อมต่ออินเทอร์เน็ตผ่านมือถือเปิดอยู่"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"อาจมีค่าใช้จ่ายเพิ่มเติมขณะโรมมิ่ง"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-tl/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-tl/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a7c78a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-tl/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Walang internet ang pag-tether"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Hindi makakonekta ang mga device"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"I-off ang pag-tether"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Naka-on ang Hotspot o pag-tether"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Posibleng magkaroon ng mga karagdagang singil habang nagro-roam"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-tr/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-tr/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..93da2c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-tr/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Tethering\'in internet bağlantısı yok"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Cihazlar bağlanamıyor"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Tethering\'i kapat"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Hotspot veya tethering açık"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Dolaşım sırasında ek ücretler uygulanabilir"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-uk/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-uk/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee0dcd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-uk/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Телефон, який використовується як модем, не підключений до Інтернету"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Не вдається підключити пристрої"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Вимкнути використання телефона як модема"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Увімкнено точку доступу або використання телефона як модема"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"У роумінгу може стягуватися додаткова плата"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-ur/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-ur/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..41cd28e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-ur/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"ٹیدرنگ میں انٹرنیٹ نہیں ہے"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"آلات منسلک نہیں ہو سکتے"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"ٹیدرنگ آف کریں"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"ہاٹ اسپاٹ یا ٹیدرنگ آن ہے"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"رومنگ کے دوران اضافی چارجز لاگو ہو سکتے ہیں"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-uz/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-uz/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c847bc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-uz/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Modem internetga ulanmagan"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Qurilmalar ulanmadi"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Modem rejimini faolsizlantirish"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Hotspot yoki modem rejimi yoniq"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Rouming vaqtida qoʻshimcha haq olinishi mumkin"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-vi/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-vi/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a74326f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-vi/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Không có Internet để chia sẻ kết Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Các thiết bị không thể kết nối"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Tắt tính năng chia sẻ Internet"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"Điểm phát sóng hoặc tính năng chia sẻ Internet đang bật"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Bạn có thể mất thêm phí dữ liệu khi chuyển vùng"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-zh-rCN/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-zh-rCN/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d737003
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-zh-rCN/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"共享网络未连接到互联网"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"设备无法连接"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"关闭网络共享"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"热点或网络共享已开启"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"漫游时可能会产生额外的费用"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-zh-rHK/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-zh-rHK/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f378a9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-zh-rHK/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"無法透過網絡共享連線至互聯網"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"裝置無法連接"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"關閉網絡共享"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"熱點或網絡共享已開啟"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"漫遊時可能需要支付額外費用"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-zh-rTW/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-zh-rTW/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd653df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-zh-rTW/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"無法透過網路共用連上網際網路"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"裝置無法連線"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"關閉網路共用"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"無線基地台或網路共用已開啟"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"使用漫遊服務可能須支付額外費用"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-zu/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-zu/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32f6df5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480-zu/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="611650570559011140">"Ukusebenzisa ifoni njengemodemu akunayo i-inthanethi"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="6508394877641864863">"Amadivayisi awakwazi ukuxhumeka"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="7609346639290990508">"Vala ukusebenzisa ifoni njengemodemu"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="6032901176124830787">"I-hotspot noma ukusebenzisa ifoni njengemodemu kuvuliwe"</string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="7599056263326217523">"Kungaba nezinkokhelo ezengeziwe uma uzula"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480/config.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480/config.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c5be04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480/config.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+<resources>
+    <!-- Delay(millisecond) to show no upstream notification after there's no Backhaul. Set delay to
+         "0" for disable this feature. -->
+    <integer name="delay_to_show_no_upstream_after_no_backhaul">5000</integer>
+
+    <!-- Config for showing upstream roaming notification. -->
+    <bool name="config_upstream_roaming_notification">true</bool>
+</resources>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce9ff60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc311-mnc480/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+<resources>
+    <!-- String for no upstream notification title [CHAR LIMIT=200] -->
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title">Tethering has no internet</string>
+    <!-- String for no upstream notification title [CHAR LIMIT=200] -->
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message">Devices can\u2019t connect</string>
+    <!-- String for no upstream notification disable button [CHAR LIMIT=200] -->
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button">Turn off tethering</string>
+
+    <!-- String for cellular roaming notification title [CHAR LIMIT=200] -->
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title">Hotspot or tethering is on</string>
+    <!-- String for cellular roaming notification message [CHAR LIMIT=500] -->
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message">Additional charges may apply while roaming</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mk/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mk/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ad9b9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mk/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Активно е врзување или точка на пристап"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Допрете за поставување."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Врзувањето е оневозможено"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Контактирајте со администраторот за детали"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Статус на точката на пристап и врзувањето"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-ml/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-ml/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9db79ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-ml/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"ടെതറിംഗ് അല്ലെങ്കിൽ ഹോട്ട്സ്‌പോട്ട് സജീവമാണ്"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"സജ്ജീകരിക്കാൻ ടാപ്പ് ചെയ്യുക."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"ടെതറിംഗ് പ്രവർത്തനരഹിതമാക്കിയിരിക്കുന്നു"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"വിശദാംശങ്ങൾക്ക് നിങ്ങളുടെ അഡ്മിനെ ബന്ധപ്പെടുക"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"ഹോട്ട്‌സ്പോട്ടിന്റെയും ടെതറിംഗിന്റെയും നില"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mn/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mn/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42d1edb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mn/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Модем болгох эсвэл сүлжээний цэг идэвхтэй байна"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Тохируулахын тулд товшино уу."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Модем болгохыг идэвхгүй болгосон"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Дэлгэрэнгүй мэдээлэл авахын тулд админтайгаа холбогдоно уу"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Сүлжээний цэг болон модем болгох төлөв"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mr/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mr/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..13995b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mr/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"टेदरिंग किंवा हॉटस्पॉट अ‍ॅक्टिव्ह आहे"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"सेट करण्यासाठी टॅप करा."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"टेदरिंग बंद केले आहे"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"तपशीलांसाठी तुमच्या ॲडमिनशी संपर्क साधा"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"हॉटस्पॉट आणि टेदरिंगची स्थिती"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-ms/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-ms/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d6a67f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-ms/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Penambatan atau tempat liputan aktif"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Ketik untuk membuat persediaan."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Penambatan dilumpuhkan"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Hubungi pentadbir anda untuk mendapatkan maklumat lanjut"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Status tempat liputan &amp; penambatan"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-my/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-my/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49f6b88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-my/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"မိုဘိုင်းဖုန်းသုံး ချိတ်ဆက်မျှဝေခြင်း သို့မဟုတ် ဟော့စပေါ့ ဖွင့်ထားသည်"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"စနစ်ထည့်သွင်းရန် တို့ပါ။"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"မိုဘိုင်းဖုန်းသုံး ချိတ်ဆက်မျှဝေခြင်းကို ပိတ်ထားသည်"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"အသေးစိတ်အတွက် သင့်စီမံခန့်ခွဲသူကို ဆက်သွယ်ပါ"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"ဟော့စပေါ့နှင့် မိုဘိုင်းဖုန်းသုံး ချိတ်ဆက်မျှဝေခြင်း အခြေအနေ"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-nb/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-nb/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9594e0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-nb/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Internettdeling eller Wi-Fi-sone er aktiv"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Trykk for å konfigurere."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Internettdeling er slått av"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Ta kontakt med administratoren din for å få mer informasjon"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Status for Wi-Fi-sone og internettdeling"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-ne/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-ne/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72ae3a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-ne/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"टेदरिङ वा हटस्पट सक्रिय छ"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"सेटअप गर्न ट्याप गर्नुहोस्।"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"टेदरिङ सुविधा असक्षम पारिएको छ"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"विवरणहरूका लागि आफ्ना प्रशासकलाई सम्पर्क गर्नुहोस्"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"हटस्पट तथा टेदरिङको स्थिति"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-nl/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-nl/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..18b2bbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-nl/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Tethering of hotspot actief"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Tik om in te stellen."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Tethering is uitgeschakeld"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Neem contact op met je beheerder voor meer informatie"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Status van hotspot en tethering"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-or/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-or/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a15a6db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-or/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"ଟିଥେରିଂ କିମ୍ୱା ହଟସ୍ପଟ୍ ସକ୍ରିୟ ଅଛି"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"ସେଟ୍ ଅପ୍ କରିବାକୁ ଟାପ୍ କରନ୍ତୁ।"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"ଟିଥେରିଂ ଅକ୍ଷମ କରାଯାଇଛି"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"ବିବରଣୀଗୁଡ଼ିକ ପାଇଁ ଆପଣଙ୍କ ଆଡମିନଙ୍କ ସହ ଯୋଗାଯୋଗ କରନ୍ତୁ"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"ହଟସ୍ପଟ୍ ଓ ଟିଥେରିଂ ସ୍ଥିତି"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-pa/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-pa/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8235e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-pa/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"ਟੈਦਰਿੰਗ ਜਾਂ ਹੌਟਸਪੌਟ ਕਿਰਿਆਸ਼ੀਲ"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"ਸੈੱਟਅੱਪ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਟੈਪ ਕਰੋ।"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"ਟੈਦਰਿੰਗ ਨੂੰ ਬੰਦ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"ਵੇਰਵਿਆਂ ਲਈ ਆਪਣੇ ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਾਸਕ ਨਾਲ ਸੰਪਰਕ ਕਰੋ"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"ਹੌਟਸਪੌਟ ਅਤੇ ਟੈਦਰਿੰਗ ਦੀ ਸਥਿਤੀ"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-pl/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-pl/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ccb017d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-pl/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Aktywny tethering lub punkt dostępu"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Kliknij, by skonfigurować"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Tethering został wyłączony"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Aby uzyskać szczegółowe informacje, skontaktuj się z administratorem"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Hotspot i tethering – stan"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-pt-rBR/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-pt-rBR/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0a4745
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-pt-rBR/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Ponto de acesso ou tethering ativo"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Toque para configurar."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Tethering desativado"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Fale com seu administrador para saber detalhes"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Status de ponto de acesso e tethering"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-pt-rPT/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-pt-rPT/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e3f03fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-pt-rPT/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Ligação (à Internet) via telemóvel ou zona Wi-Fi ativas"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Toque para configurar."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"A ligação (à Internet) via telemóvel está desativada."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Contacte o administrador para obter detalhes."</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Estado da zona Wi-Fi e da ligação (à Internet) via telemóvel"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-pt/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-pt/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0a4745
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-pt/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Ponto de acesso ou tethering ativo"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Toque para configurar."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Tethering desativado"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Fale com seu administrador para saber detalhes"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Status de ponto de acesso e tethering"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-ro/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-ro/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5706a4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-ro/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Tethering sau hotspot activ"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Atingeți ca să configurați."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Tetheringul este dezactivat"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Contactați administratorul pentru detalii"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Starea hotspotului și a tetheringului"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-ru/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-ru/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7cb6f7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-ru/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Включен режим модема или точка доступа"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Нажмите, чтобы настроить."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Использование телефона в качестве модема запрещено"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Чтобы узнать подробности, обратитесь к администратору."</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Статус хот-спота и режима модема"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-si/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-si/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec34c22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-si/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"ටෙදරින් හෝ හොට්ස්පොට් සක්‍රීයයි"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"පිහිටුවීමට තට්ටු කරන්න."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"ටෙදරින් අබල කර ඇත"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"විස්තර සඳහා ඔබගේ පරිපාලක අමතන්න"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"හොට්ස්පොට් &amp; ටෙදරින් තත්ත්වය"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-sk/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-sk/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43e787c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-sk/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Tethering alebo prístupový bod je aktívny"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Klepnutím prejdete na nastavenie."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Tethering je deaktivovaný"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"O podrobnosti požiadajte svojho správcu"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Stav hotspotu a tetheringu"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-sl/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-sl/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5943362
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-sl/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Povezava z internetom prek mobilnega telefona ali dostopna točka je aktivna"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Dotaknite se, če želite nastaviti."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Povezava z internetom prek mobilnega telefona je onemogočena"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Za podrobnosti se obrnite na skrbnika"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Stanje dostopne točke in povezave z internetom prek mobilnega telefona"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-sq/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-sq/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21e1155
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-sq/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Ndarja e internetit ose zona e qasjes së internetit është aktive"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Trokit për ta konfiguruar."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Ndarja e internetit është çaktivizuar"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Kontakto me administratorin për detaje"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Statusi i zonës së qasjes dhe ndarjes së internetit"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-sr/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-sr/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2e4dc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-sr/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Привезивање или хотспот је активан"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Додирните да бисте подесили."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Привезивање је онемогућено"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Потражите детаље од администратора"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Статус хотспота и привезивања"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-sv/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-sv/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72702c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-sv/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Internetdelning eller surfzon har aktiverats"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Tryck om du vill konfigurera."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Internetdelning har inaktiverats"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Kontakta administratören om du vill veta mer"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Trådlös surfzon och internetdelning har inaktiverats"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-sw/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-sw/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65e4aa8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-sw/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Kusambaza mtandao au mtandaopepe umewashwa"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Gusa ili uweke mipangilio."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Umezima kipengele cha kusambaza mtandao"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Wasiliana na msimamizi wako ili upate maelezo zaidi"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Mtandaopepe na hali ya kusambaza mtandao"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-ta/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-ta/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4aba62d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-ta/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"டெதெரிங் அல்லது ஹாட்ஸ்பாட் இயங்குகிறது"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"அமைக்க, தட்டவும்."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"டெதெரிங் முடக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"விவரங்களுக்கு உங்கள் நிர்வாகியைத் தொடர்புகொள்ளவும்"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"ஹாட்ஸ்பாட் &amp; டெதெரிங் நிலை"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-te/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-te/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f91791
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-te/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"టెథరింగ్ లేదా హాట్‌స్పాట్ యాక్టివ్‌గా ఉంది"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"సెటప్ చేయడానికి ట్యాప్ చేయండి."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"టెథరింగ్ డిజేబుల్ చేయబడింది"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"వివరాల కోసం మీ అడ్మిన్‌ని సంప్రదించండి"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"హాట్‌స్పాట్ &amp; టెథరింగ్ స్థితి"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-th/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-th/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..44171c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-th/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"การเชื่อมต่ออินเทอร์เน็ตผ่านมือถือหรือฮอตสปอตทำงานอยู่"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"แตะเพื่อตั้งค่า"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"ปิดใช้การเชื่อมต่ออินเทอร์เน็ตผ่านมือถือแล้ว"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"ติดต่อผู้ดูแลระบบเพื่อขอรายละเอียด"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"สถานะฮอตสปอตและการเชื่อมต่ออินเทอร์เน็ตผ่านมือถือ"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-tl/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-tl/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7347dd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-tl/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Aktibo ang pag-tether o hotspot"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"I-tap para i-set up."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Naka-disable ang pag-tether"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Makipag-ugnayan sa iyong admin para sa mga detalye"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Status ng hotspot at pag-tether"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-tr/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-tr/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32030f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-tr/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Tethering veya hotspot etkin"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Ayarlamak için dokunun."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Tethering devre dışı bırakıldı"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Ayrıntılı bilgi için yöneticinize başvurun"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Hotspot ve tethering durumu"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-uk/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-uk/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ca89b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-uk/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Модем чи точка доступу активні"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Натисніть, щоб налаштувати."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Використання телефона як модема вимкнено"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Щоб дізнатися більше, зв\'яжіться з адміністратором"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Статус точки доступу та модема"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-ur/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-ur/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d72c7d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-ur/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"ٹیدرنگ یا ہاٹ اسپاٹ فعال"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"سیٹ اپ کرنے کیلئے تھپتھپائیں۔"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"ٹیدرنگ غیر فعال ہے"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"تفصیلات کے لئے اپنے منتظم سے رابطہ کریں"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"ہاٹ اسپاٹ اور ٹیتھرنگ کا اسٹیٹس"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-uz/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-uz/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af3b2eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-uz/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Modem rejimi yoki hotspot yoniq"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Sozlash uchun bosing."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Modem rejimi faolsizlantirildi"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Tafsilotlari uchun administratoringizga murojaat qiling"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Hotspot va modem rejimi holati"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-vi/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-vi/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21a0735
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-vi/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Tính năng chia sẻ Internet hoặc điểm phát sóng đang hoạt động"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Hãy nhấn để thiết lập."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Đã tắt tính năng chia sẻ Internet"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Hãy liên hệ với quản trị viên của bạn để biết chi tiết"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"Trạng thái điểm phát sóng và chia sẻ Internet"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-zh-rCN/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-zh-rCN/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..98e3b4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-zh-rCN/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"网络共享或热点已启用"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"点按即可设置。"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"网络共享已停用"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"如需了解详情，请与您的管理员联系"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"热点和网络共享状态"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-zh-rHK/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-zh-rHK/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9cafd42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-zh-rHK/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"網絡共享或熱點已啟用"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"輕按即可設定。"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"網絡共享已停用"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"請聯絡您的管理員以瞭解詳情"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"熱點和網絡共享狀態"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-zh-rTW/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-zh-rTW/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..50a50bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-zh-rTW/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"網路共用或無線基地台已啟用"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"輕觸即可進行設定。"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"網路共用已停用"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"詳情請洽你的管理員"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"無線基地台與網路共用狀態"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-zu/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-zu/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f210f87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-zu/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--  Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title" msgid="6426563586025792944">"Ukusebenzisa njengemodemu noma i-hotspot ephathekayo kuvuliwe"</string>
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message" msgid="64800879503420696">"Thepha ukuze usethe."</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title" msgid="3004509127903564191">"Ukusebenzisa ifoni njengemodemu kukhutshaziwe"</string>
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message" msgid="6717523799293901476">"Xhumana nomphathi wakho ukuze uthole imininingwane"</string>
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status" msgid="2663463891530932727">"I-Hotspot nesimo sokusebenzisa ifoni njengemodemu"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="1204601824631788482"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="8586582938243032621"></string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="8800919436924640822"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="4772373823198997030"></string>
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="3985577843181551650"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values/config.xml b/Tethering/res/values/config.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0412a49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values/config.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+<resources>
+    <!--
+    OEMs that wish to change the below settings must do so via a runtime resource overlay package
+    and *NOT* by changing this file. This file is part of the tethering mainline module.
+    TODO: define two resources for each config item: a default_* resource and a config_* resource,
+    config_* is empty by default but may be overridden by RROs.
+    -->
+    <!-- List of regexpressions describing the interface (if any) that represent tetherable
+         USB interfaces.  If the device doesn't want to support tethering over USB this should
+         be empty.  An example would be "usb.*" -->
+    <string-array translatable="false" name="config_tether_usb_regexs">
+        <item>"usb\\d"</item>
+        <item>"rndis\\d"</item>
+    </string-array>
+
+    <!-- List of regexpressions describing the interface (if any) that represent tetherable
+         NCM interfaces.  If the device doesn't want to support tethering over NCM this should
+         be empty. -->
+    <string-array translatable="false" name="config_tether_ncm_regexs">
+    </string-array>
+
+    <!-- List of regexpressions describing the interface (if any) that represent tetherable
+         Wifi interfaces.  If the device doesn't want to support tethering over Wifi this
+         should be empty.  An example would be "softap.*" -->
+    <string-array translatable="false" name="config_tether_wifi_regexs">
+        <item>"wlan\\d"</item>
+        <item>"softap\\d"</item>
+        <item>"ap_br_wlan\\d"</item>
+        <item>"ap_br_softap\\d"</item>
+    </string-array>
+
+    <!-- List of regexpressions describing the interface (if any) that represent tetherable
+         WiGig interfaces.  If the device doesn't want to support tethering over WiGig this
+         should be empty.  An example would be "wigig\\d" -->
+    <string-array translatable="false" name="config_tether_wigig_regexs">
+        <item>"wigig\\d"</item>
+    </string-array>
+
+    <!-- List of regexpressions describing the interface (if any) that represent tetherable
+         Wifi P2P interfaces.  If the device doesn't want to support tethering over Wifi P2p this
+         should be empty.  An example would be "p2p-p2p\\d-.*" -->
+    <string-array translatable="false" name="config_tether_wifi_p2p_regexs">
+        <item>"p2p-p2p\\d-.*"</item>
+        <item>"p2p\\d"</item>
+    </string-array>
+
+    <!-- List of regexpressions describing the interface (if any) that represent tetherable
+         bluetooth interfaces.  If the device doesn't want to support tethering over bluetooth this
+         should be empty. -->
+    <string-array translatable="false" name="config_tether_bluetooth_regexs">
+        <item>"bt-pan"</item>
+    </string-array>
+
+    <!-- Use the BPF offload for tethering when the kernel has support. True by default.
+         If the device doesn't want to support tether BPF offload, this should be false.
+         Note that this setting could be overridden by device config.
+    -->
+    <bool translatable="false" name="config_tether_enable_bpf_offload">true</bool>
+
+    <!-- Use the old dnsmasq DHCP server for tethering instead of the framework implementation. -->
+    <bool translatable="false" name="config_tether_enable_legacy_dhcp_server">false</bool>
+
+    <!-- Use legacy wifi p2p dedicated address instead of randomize address. -->
+    <bool translatable="false" name="config_tether_enable_legacy_wifi_p2p_dedicated_ip">false</bool>
+
+    <!-- Dhcp range (min, max) to use for tethering purposes -->
+    <string-array translatable="false" name="config_tether_dhcp_range">
+    </string-array>
+
+    <!-- Used to config periodic polls tether offload stats from tethering offload HAL to make the
+     data warnings work. 5000(ms) by default. If the device doesn't want to poll tether
+     offload stats, this should be -1. Note that this setting could be override by
+     runtime resource overlays.
+    -->
+    <integer translatable="false" name="config_tether_offload_poll_interval">5000</integer>
+
+    <!-- Array of ConnectivityManager.TYPE_{BLUETOOTH, ETHERNET, MOBILE, MOBILE_DUN, MOBILE_HIPRI,
+         WIFI} values allowable for tethering.
+
+         Common options are [1, 4] for TYPE_WIFI and TYPE_MOBILE_DUN or
+         [1,7,0] for TYPE_WIFI, TYPE_BLUETOOTH, and TYPE_MOBILE.
+
+         This list is also modified by code within the framework, including:
+
+             - TYPE_ETHERNET (9) is prepended to this list, and
+
+             - the return value of TelephonyManager.isTetheringApnRequired()
+               determines how the array is further modified:
+
+                   * TRUE (DUN REQUIRED).
+                     TYPE_MOBILE is removed (if present).
+                     TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI is removed (if present).
+                     TYPE_MOBILE_DUN is appended (if not already present).
+
+                   * FALSE (DUN NOT REQUIRED).
+                     TYPE_MOBILE_DUN is removed (if present).
+                     If both of TYPE_MOBILE{,_HIPRI} are not present:
+                        TYPE_MOBILE is appended.
+                        TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI is appended.
+
+         For other changes applied to this list, now and in the future, see
+         com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetheringConfiguration.
+
+         Note also: the order of this is important. The first upstream type
+         for which a satisfying network exists is used.
+    -->
+    <integer-array translatable="false" name="config_tether_upstream_types">
+    </integer-array>
+
+    <!-- When true, the tethering upstream network follows the current default
+         Internet network (except when the current default network is mobile,
+         in which case a DUN network will be used if required).
+
+         When true, overrides the config_tether_upstream_types setting above.
+    -->
+    <bool translatable="false" name="config_tether_upstream_automatic">true</bool>
+
+
+    <!-- If the mobile hotspot feature requires provisioning, a package name and class name
+         can be provided to launch a supported application that provisions the devices.
+         EntitlementManager will send an intent to Settings with the specified package name and
+         class name in extras to launch provision app.
+         TODO: note what extras here.
+
+         See EntitlementManager#runUiTetherProvisioning and
+         packages/apps/Settings/src/com/android/settings/network/TetherProvisioningActivity.java
+         for more details.
+
+         For ui-less/periodic recheck support see config_mobile_hotspot_provision_app_no_ui
+        -->
+    <!-- The first element is the package name and the second element is the class name
+         of the provisioning app -->
+    <string-array translatable="false" name="config_mobile_hotspot_provision_app">
+    <!--
+        <item>com.example.provisioning</item>
+        <item>com.example.provisioning.Activity</item>
+    -->
+    </string-array>
+
+    <!-- If the mobile hotspot feature requires provisioning, an action can be provided
+         that will be broadcast in non-ui cases for checking the provisioning status.
+         EntitlementManager will pass the specified name to Settings and Settings would
+         launch provisioning app by sending an intent with the package name.
+
+         A second broadcast, action defined by config_mobile_hotspot_provision_response,
+         will be sent back to notify if provisioning succeeded or not.  The response will
+         match that of the activity in config_mobile_hotspot_provision_app, but instead
+         contained within the int extra "EntitlementResult".
+         TODO: provide the system api for "EntitlementResult" extra and note it here.
+
+         See EntitlementManager#runSilentTetherProvisioning and
+         packages/apps/Settings/src/com/android/settings/wifi/tether/TetherService.java for more
+         details.
+        -->
+    <string translatable="false" name="config_mobile_hotspot_provision_app_no_ui"></string>
+
+    <!-- Sent in response to a provisioning check. The caller must hold the
+         permission android.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED for Settings to
+         receive this response.
+
+         See config_mobile_hotspot_provision_response
+         -->
+    <string translatable="false" name="config_mobile_hotspot_provision_response"></string>
+
+    <!-- Number of hours between each background provisioning call -->
+    <integer translatable="false" name="config_mobile_hotspot_provision_check_period">24</integer>
+
+    <!-- ComponentName of the service used to run no ui tether provisioning. -->
+    <string translatable="false" name="config_wifi_tether_enable">com.android.settings/.wifi.tether.TetherService</string>
+
+    <!-- No upstream notification is shown when there is a downstream but no upstream that is able
+         to do the tethering. -->
+    <!-- Delay(millisecond) to show no upstream notification after there's no Backhaul. Set delay to
+         "-1" for disable this feature. -->
+    <integer name="delay_to_show_no_upstream_after_no_backhaul">-1</integer>
+
+    <!-- Cellular roaming notification is shown when upstream is cellular network and in roaming
+         state. -->
+    <!-- Config for showing upstream roaming notification. -->
+    <bool name="config_upstream_roaming_notification">false</bool>
+
+    <!-- Which USB function should be enabled when TETHERING_USB is requested. 0: RNDIS, 1: NCM.
+         -->
+    <integer translatable="false" name="config_tether_usb_functions">0</integer>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values/overlayable.xml b/Tethering/res/values/overlayable.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91fbd7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values/overlayable.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
+    <overlayable name="TetheringConfig">
+        <policy type="product|system|vendor">
+            <!-- Params from config.xml that can be overlaid -->
+            <item type="array" name="config_tether_usb_regexs"/>
+            <item type="array" name="config_tether_ncm_regexs" />
+            <item type="array" name="config_tether_wifi_regexs"/>
+            <item type="array" name="config_tether_wigig_regexs"/>
+            <item type="array" name="config_tether_wifi_p2p_regexs"/>
+            <item type="array" name="config_tether_bluetooth_regexs"/>
+            <item type="array" name="config_tether_dhcp_range"/>
+            <item type="integer" name="config_tether_usb_functions"/>
+            <!-- Use the BPF offload for tethering when the kernel has support. True by default.
+                 If the device doesn't want to support tether BPF offload, this should be false.
+                 Note that this setting could be overridden by device config.
+            -->
+            <item type="bool" name="config_tether_enable_bpf_offload"/>
+            <item type="bool" name="config_tether_enable_legacy_dhcp_server"/>
+            <item type="bool" name="config_tether_enable_legacy_wifi_p2p_dedicated_ip"/>
+            <item type="integer" name="config_tether_offload_poll_interval"/>
+            <item type="array" name="config_tether_upstream_types"/>
+            <item type="bool" name="config_tether_upstream_automatic"/>
+            <!-- Configuration values for tethering entitlement check -->
+            <item type="array" name="config_mobile_hotspot_provision_app"/>
+            <item type="string" name="config_mobile_hotspot_provision_app_no_ui"/>
+            <item type="string" name="config_mobile_hotspot_provision_response"/>
+            <item type="integer" name="config_mobile_hotspot_provision_check_period"/>
+            <item type="string" name="config_wifi_tether_enable"/>
+            <!-- Params from config.xml that can be overlaid -->
+        </policy>
+    </overlayable>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d63c7c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/res/values/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+<resources xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <!-- Shown when the device is tethered -->
+    <!-- String for tethered notification title [CHAR LIMIT=200] -->
+    <string name="tethered_notification_title">Tethering or hotspot active</string>
+    <!-- String for tethered notification message [CHAR LIMIT=200] -->
+    <string name="tethered_notification_message">Tap to set up.</string>
+
+    <!-- This notification is shown when tethering has been disabled on a user's device.
+    The device is managed by the user's employer. Tethering can't be turned on unless the
+    IT administrator allows it. The noun "admin" is another reference for "IT administrator." -->
+    <!-- String for tether disabling notification title [CHAR LIMIT=200] -->
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_title">Tethering is disabled</string>
+    <!-- String for tether disabling notification message [CHAR LIMIT=200] -->
+    <string name="disable_tether_notification_message">Contact your admin for details</string>
+
+    <!-- This string should be consistent with the "Hotspot & tethering" text in the "Network and
+    Internet" settings page. That is currently the tether_settings_title_all string. -->
+    <!-- String for tether notification channel name [CHAR LIMIT=200] -->
+    <string name="notification_channel_tethering_status">Hotspot &amp; tethering status</string>
+
+    <!-- String for no upstream notification title [CHAR LIMIT=200] -->
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_title"></string>
+    <!-- String for no upstream notification message [CHAR LIMIT=200] -->
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_message"></string>
+    <!-- String for no upstream notification disable button [CHAR LIMIT=200] -->
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button"></string>
+
+    <!-- String for cellular roaming notification title [CHAR LIMIT=200] -->
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title"></string>
+    <!-- String for cellular roaming notification message [CHAR LIMIT=500] -->
+    <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message"></string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/src/android/net/dhcp/DhcpServerCallbacks.java b/Tethering/src/android/net/dhcp/DhcpServerCallbacks.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9fda125
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/src/android/net/dhcp/DhcpServerCallbacks.java
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.dhcp;
+
+/**
+ * Convenience wrapper around IDhcpServerCallbacks.Stub that implements getInterfaceVersion().
+ * @hide
+ */
+public abstract class DhcpServerCallbacks extends IDhcpServerCallbacks.Stub {
+    /**
+     * Get the version of the aidl interface implemented by the callbacks.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public int getInterfaceVersion() {
+        return IDhcpServerCallbacks.VERSION;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getInterfaceHash() {
+        return IDhcpServerCallbacks.HASH;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/src/android/net/dhcp/DhcpServingParamsParcelExt.java b/Tethering/src/android/net/dhcp/DhcpServingParamsParcelExt.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aaaec17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/src/android/net/dhcp/DhcpServingParamsParcelExt.java
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.dhcp;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.Inet4AddressUtils.inet4AddressToIntHTH;
+
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * Subclass of {@link DhcpServingParamsParcel} with additional utility methods for building.
+ *
+ * <p>This utility class does not check for validity of the parameters: invalid parameters are
+ * reported by the receiving module when unparceling the parcel.
+ *
+ * @see DhcpServingParams
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class DhcpServingParamsParcelExt extends DhcpServingParamsParcel {
+    public static final int MTU_UNSET = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Set the server address and served prefix for the DHCP server.
+     *
+     * <p>This parameter is required.
+     */
+    public DhcpServingParamsParcelExt setServerAddr(@NonNull LinkAddress serverAddr) {
+        this.serverAddr = inet4AddressToIntHTH((Inet4Address) serverAddr.getAddress());
+        this.serverAddrPrefixLength = serverAddr.getPrefixLength();
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the default routers to be advertised to DHCP clients.
+     *
+     * <p>Each router must be inside the served prefix. This may be an empty set, but it must
+     * always be set explicitly.
+     */
+    public DhcpServingParamsParcelExt setDefaultRouters(@NonNull Set<Inet4Address> defaultRouters) {
+        this.defaultRouters = toIntArray(defaultRouters);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the default routers to be advertised to DHCP clients.
+     *
+     * <p>Each router must be inside the served prefix. This may be an empty list of routers,
+     * but it must always be set explicitly.
+     */
+    public DhcpServingParamsParcelExt setDefaultRouters(@NonNull Inet4Address... defaultRouters) {
+        return setDefaultRouters(newArraySet(defaultRouters));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience method to build the parameters with no default router.
+     *
+     * <p>Equivalent to calling {@link #setDefaultRouters(Inet4Address...)} with no address.
+     */
+    public DhcpServingParamsParcelExt setNoDefaultRouter() {
+        return setDefaultRouters();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the DNS servers to be advertised to DHCP clients.
+     *
+     * <p>This may be an empty set, but it must always be set explicitly.
+     */
+    public DhcpServingParamsParcelExt setDnsServers(@NonNull Set<Inet4Address> dnsServers) {
+        this.dnsServers = toIntArray(dnsServers);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the DNS servers to be advertised to DHCP clients.
+     *
+     * <p>This may be an empty list of servers, but it must always be set explicitly.
+     */
+    public DhcpServingParamsParcelExt setDnsServers(@NonNull Inet4Address... dnsServers) {
+        return setDnsServers(newArraySet(dnsServers));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience method to build the parameters with no DNS server.
+     *
+     * <p>Equivalent to calling {@link #setDnsServers(Inet4Address...)} with no address.
+     */
+    public DhcpServingParamsParcelExt setNoDnsServer() {
+        return setDnsServers();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set excluded addresses that the DHCP server is not allowed to assign to clients.
+     *
+     * <p>This parameter is optional. DNS servers and default routers are always excluded
+     * and do not need to be set here.
+     */
+    public DhcpServingParamsParcelExt setExcludedAddrs(@NonNull Set<Inet4Address> excludedAddrs) {
+        this.excludedAddrs = toIntArray(excludedAddrs);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set excluded addresses that the DHCP server is not allowed to assign to clients.
+     *
+     * <p>This parameter is optional. DNS servers and default routers are always excluded
+     * and do not need to be set here.
+     */
+    public DhcpServingParamsParcelExt setExcludedAddrs(@NonNull Inet4Address... excludedAddrs) {
+        return setExcludedAddrs(newArraySet(excludedAddrs));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the lease time for leases assigned by the DHCP server.
+     *
+     * <p>This parameter is required.
+     */
+    public DhcpServingParamsParcelExt setDhcpLeaseTimeSecs(long dhcpLeaseTimeSecs) {
+        this.dhcpLeaseTimeSecs = dhcpLeaseTimeSecs;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the link MTU to be advertised to DHCP clients.
+     *
+     * <p>If set to {@link #MTU_UNSET}, no MTU will be advertised to clients. This parameter
+     * is optional and defaults to {@link #MTU_UNSET}.
+     */
+    public DhcpServingParamsParcelExt setLinkMtu(int linkMtu) {
+        this.linkMtu = linkMtu;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set whether the DHCP server should send the ANDROID_METERED vendor-specific option.
+     *
+     * <p>If not set, the default value is false.
+     */
+    public DhcpServingParamsParcelExt setMetered(boolean metered) {
+        this.metered = metered;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the client address to tell DHCP server only offer this address.
+     * The client's prefix length is the same as server's.
+     *
+     * <p>If not set, the default value is null.
+     */
+    public DhcpServingParamsParcelExt setSingleClientAddr(@Nullable Inet4Address clientAddr) {
+        this.singleClientAddr = clientAddr == null ? 0 : inet4AddressToIntHTH(clientAddr);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set whether the DHCP server should request a new prefix from IpServer when receiving
+     * DHCPDECLINE message in certain particular link (e.g. there is only one downstream USB
+     * tethering client). If it's false, process DHCPDECLINE message as RFC2131#4.3.3 suggests.
+     *
+     * <p>If not set, the default value is false.
+     */
+    public DhcpServingParamsParcelExt setChangePrefixOnDecline(boolean changePrefixOnDecline) {
+        this.changePrefixOnDecline = changePrefixOnDecline;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    private static int[] toIntArray(@NonNull Collection<Inet4Address> addrs) {
+        int[] res = new int[addrs.size()];
+        int i = 0;
+        for (Inet4Address addr : addrs) {
+            res[i] = inet4AddressToIntHTH(addr);
+            i++;
+        }
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    private static ArraySet<Inet4Address> newArraySet(Inet4Address... addrs) {
+        ArraySet<Inet4Address> addrSet = new ArraySet<>(addrs.length);
+        Collections.addAll(addrSet, addrs);
+        return addrSet;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/DadProxy.java b/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/DadProxy.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36ecfe3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/DadProxy.java
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.ip;
+
+import android.os.Handler;
+
+import androidx.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.InterfaceParams;
+
+/**
+ * Basic Duplicate address detection proxy.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class DadProxy {
+    private static final String TAG = DadProxy.class.getSimpleName();
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static NeighborPacketForwarder naForwarder;
+    public static NeighborPacketForwarder nsForwarder;
+
+    public DadProxy(Handler h, InterfaceParams tetheredIface) {
+        naForwarder = new NeighborPacketForwarder(h, tetheredIface,
+                                        NeighborPacketForwarder.ICMPV6_NEIGHBOR_ADVERTISEMENT);
+        nsForwarder = new NeighborPacketForwarder(h, tetheredIface,
+                                        NeighborPacketForwarder.ICMPV6_NEIGHBOR_SOLICITATION);
+    }
+
+    /** Stop NS/NA Forwarders. */
+    public void stop() {
+        naForwarder.stop();
+        nsForwarder.stop();
+    }
+
+    /** Set upstream iface on both forwarders. */
+    public void setUpstreamIface(InterfaceParams upstreamIface) {
+        naForwarder.setUpstreamIface(upstreamIface);
+        nsForwarder.setUpstreamIface(upstreamIface);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java b/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..acd2625
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1497 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.ip;
+
+import static android.net.RouteInfo.RTN_UNICAST;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest.checkStaticAddressConfiguration;
+import static android.net.dhcp.IDhcpServer.STATUS_SUCCESS;
+import static android.net.util.NetworkConstants.RFC7421_PREFIX_LENGTH;
+import static android.net.util.NetworkConstants.asByte;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.Inet4AddressUtils.intToInet4AddressHTH;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.UpstreamNetworkState.isVcnInterface;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.PrefixUtils.asIpPrefix;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.TetheringMessageBase.BASE_IPSERVER;
+
+import android.net.INetd;
+import android.net.INetworkStackStatusCallback;
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.MacAddress;
+import android.net.RouteInfo;
+import android.net.TetheredClient;
+import android.net.TetheringManager;
+import android.net.TetheringRequestParcel;
+import android.net.dhcp.DhcpLeaseParcelable;
+import android.net.dhcp.DhcpServerCallbacks;
+import android.net.dhcp.DhcpServingParamsParcel;
+import android.net.dhcp.DhcpServingParamsParcelExt;
+import android.net.dhcp.IDhcpEventCallbacks;
+import android.net.dhcp.IDhcpServer;
+import android.net.ip.IpNeighborMonitor.NeighborEvent;
+import android.net.ip.RouterAdvertisementDaemon.RaParams;
+import android.net.util.SharedLog;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.Message;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.SparseArray;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+
+import com.android.internal.util.MessageUtils;
+import com.android.internal.util.State;
+import com.android.internal.util.StateMachine;
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+import com.android.net.module.util.InterfaceParams;
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetdUtils;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator.ClientInfo;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator.Ipv6ForwardingRule;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.PrivateAddressCoordinator;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetheringConfiguration;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.InterfaceSet;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.PrefixUtils;
+
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Random;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * Provides the interface to IP-layer serving functionality for a given network
+ * interface, e.g. for tethering or "local-only hotspot" mode.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class IpServer extends StateMachine {
+    public static final int STATE_UNAVAILABLE = 0;
+    public static final int STATE_AVAILABLE   = 1;
+    public static final int STATE_TETHERED    = 2;
+    public static final int STATE_LOCAL_ONLY  = 3;
+
+    /** Get string name of |state|.*/
+    public static String getStateString(int state) {
+        switch (state) {
+            case STATE_UNAVAILABLE: return "UNAVAILABLE";
+            case STATE_AVAILABLE:   return "AVAILABLE";
+            case STATE_TETHERED:    return "TETHERED";
+            case STATE_LOCAL_ONLY:  return "LOCAL_ONLY";
+        }
+        return "UNKNOWN: " + state;
+    }
+
+    private static final byte DOUG_ADAMS = (byte) 42;
+
+    // TODO: have PanService use some visible version of this constant
+    private static final String BLUETOOTH_IFACE_ADDR = "192.168.44.1/24";
+
+    // TODO: have this configurable
+    private static final int DHCP_LEASE_TIME_SECS = 3600;
+
+    private static final MacAddress NULL_MAC_ADDRESS = MacAddress.fromString("00:00:00:00:00:00");
+
+    private static final String TAG = "IpServer";
+    private static final boolean DBG = false;
+    private static final boolean VDBG = false;
+    private static final Class[] sMessageClasses = {
+            IpServer.class
+    };
+    private static final SparseArray<String> sMagicDecoderRing =
+            MessageUtils.findMessageNames(sMessageClasses);
+
+    /** IpServer callback. */
+    public static class Callback {
+        /**
+         * Notify that |who| has changed its tethering state.
+         *
+         * @param who the calling instance of IpServer
+         * @param state one of STATE_*
+         * @param lastError one of TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_*
+         */
+        public void updateInterfaceState(IpServer who, int state, int lastError) { }
+
+        /**
+         * Notify that |who| has new LinkProperties.
+         *
+         * @param who the calling instance of IpServer
+         * @param newLp the new LinkProperties to report
+         */
+        public void updateLinkProperties(IpServer who, LinkProperties newLp) { }
+
+        /**
+         * Notify that the DHCP leases changed in one of the IpServers.
+         */
+        public void dhcpLeasesChanged() { }
+
+        /**
+         * Request Tethering change.
+         *
+         * @param tetheringType the downstream type of this IpServer.
+         * @param enabled enable or disable tethering.
+         */
+        public void requestEnableTethering(int tetheringType, boolean enabled) { }
+    }
+
+    /** Capture IpServer dependencies, for injection. */
+    public abstract static class Dependencies {
+        /**
+         * Create a DadProxy instance to be used by IpServer.
+         * To support multiple tethered interfaces concurrently DAD Proxy
+         * needs to be supported per IpServer instead of per upstream.
+         */
+        public DadProxy getDadProxy(Handler handler, InterfaceParams ifParams) {
+            return new DadProxy(handler, ifParams);
+        }
+
+        /** Create an IpNeighborMonitor to be used by this IpServer */
+        public IpNeighborMonitor getIpNeighborMonitor(Handler handler, SharedLog log,
+                IpNeighborMonitor.NeighborEventConsumer consumer) {
+            return new IpNeighborMonitor(handler, log, consumer);
+        }
+
+        /** Create a RouterAdvertisementDaemon instance to be used by IpServer.*/
+        public RouterAdvertisementDaemon getRouterAdvertisementDaemon(InterfaceParams ifParams) {
+            return new RouterAdvertisementDaemon(ifParams);
+        }
+
+        /** Get |ifName|'s interface information.*/
+        public InterfaceParams getInterfaceParams(String ifName) {
+            return InterfaceParams.getByName(ifName);
+        }
+
+        /** Create a DhcpServer instance to be used by IpServer. */
+        public abstract void makeDhcpServer(String ifName, DhcpServingParamsParcel params,
+                DhcpServerCallbacks cb);
+    }
+
+    // request from the user that it wants to tether
+    public static final int CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED            = BASE_IPSERVER + 1;
+    // request from the user that it wants to untether
+    public static final int CMD_TETHER_UNREQUESTED          = BASE_IPSERVER + 2;
+    // notification that this interface is down
+    public static final int CMD_INTERFACE_DOWN              = BASE_IPSERVER + 3;
+    // notification from the {@link Tethering.TetherMainSM} that it had trouble enabling IP
+    // Forwarding
+    public static final int CMD_IP_FORWARDING_ENABLE_ERROR  = BASE_IPSERVER + 4;
+    // notification from the {@link Tethering.TetherMainSM} SM that it had trouble disabling IP
+    // Forwarding
+    public static final int CMD_IP_FORWARDING_DISABLE_ERROR = BASE_IPSERVER + 5;
+    // notification from the {@link Tethering.TetherMainSM} SM that it had trouble starting
+    // tethering
+    public static final int CMD_START_TETHERING_ERROR       = BASE_IPSERVER + 6;
+    // notification from the {@link Tethering.TetherMainSM} that it had trouble stopping tethering
+    public static final int CMD_STOP_TETHERING_ERROR        = BASE_IPSERVER + 7;
+    // notification from the {@link Tethering.TetherMainSM} that it had trouble setting the DNS
+    // forwarders
+    public static final int CMD_SET_DNS_FORWARDERS_ERROR    = BASE_IPSERVER + 8;
+    // the upstream connection has changed
+    public static final int CMD_TETHER_CONNECTION_CHANGED   = BASE_IPSERVER + 9;
+    // new IPv6 tethering parameters need to be processed
+    public static final int CMD_IPV6_TETHER_UPDATE          = BASE_IPSERVER + 10;
+    // new neighbor cache entry on our interface
+    public static final int CMD_NEIGHBOR_EVENT              = BASE_IPSERVER + 11;
+    // request from DHCP server that it wants to have a new prefix
+    public static final int CMD_NEW_PREFIX_REQUEST          = BASE_IPSERVER + 12;
+    // request from PrivateAddressCoordinator to restart tethering.
+    public static final int CMD_NOTIFY_PREFIX_CONFLICT      = BASE_IPSERVER + 13;
+
+    private final State mInitialState;
+    private final State mLocalHotspotState;
+    private final State mTetheredState;
+    private final State mUnavailableState;
+    private final State mWaitingForRestartState;
+
+    private final SharedLog mLog;
+    private final INetd mNetd;
+    @NonNull
+    private final BpfCoordinator mBpfCoordinator;
+    private final Callback mCallback;
+    private final InterfaceController mInterfaceCtrl;
+    private final PrivateAddressCoordinator mPrivateAddressCoordinator;
+
+    private final String mIfaceName;
+    private final int mInterfaceType;
+    private final LinkProperties mLinkProperties;
+    private final boolean mUsingLegacyDhcp;
+    private final boolean mUsingBpfOffload;
+
+    private final Dependencies mDeps;
+
+    private int mLastError;
+    private int mServingMode;
+    private InterfaceSet mUpstreamIfaceSet;  // may change over time
+    private InterfaceParams mInterfaceParams;
+    // TODO: De-duplicate this with mLinkProperties above. Currently, these link
+    // properties are those selected by the IPv6TetheringCoordinator and relayed
+    // to us. By comparison, mLinkProperties contains the addresses and directly
+    // connected routes that have been formed from these properties iff. we have
+    // succeeded in configuring them and are able to announce them within Router
+    // Advertisements (otherwise, we do not add them to mLinkProperties at all).
+    private LinkProperties mLastIPv6LinkProperties;
+    private RouterAdvertisementDaemon mRaDaemon;
+    private DadProxy mDadProxy;
+
+    // To be accessed only on the handler thread
+    private int mDhcpServerStartIndex = 0;
+    private IDhcpServer mDhcpServer;
+    private RaParams mLastRaParams;
+
+    private LinkAddress mStaticIpv4ServerAddr;
+    private LinkAddress mStaticIpv4ClientAddr;
+
+    @NonNull
+    private List<TetheredClient> mDhcpLeases = Collections.emptyList();
+
+    private int mLastIPv6UpstreamIfindex = 0;
+
+    private class MyNeighborEventConsumer implements IpNeighborMonitor.NeighborEventConsumer {
+        public void accept(NeighborEvent e) {
+            sendMessage(CMD_NEIGHBOR_EVENT, e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private final IpNeighborMonitor mIpNeighborMonitor;
+
+    private LinkAddress mIpv4Address;
+
+    // TODO: Add a dependency object to pass the data members or variables from the tethering
+    // object. It helps to reduce the arguments of the constructor.
+    public IpServer(
+            String ifaceName, Looper looper, int interfaceType, SharedLog log,
+            INetd netd, @NonNull BpfCoordinator coordinator, Callback callback,
+            TetheringConfiguration config, PrivateAddressCoordinator addressCoordinator,
+            Dependencies deps) {
+        super(ifaceName, looper);
+        mLog = log.forSubComponent(ifaceName);
+        mNetd = netd;
+        mBpfCoordinator = coordinator;
+        mCallback = callback;
+        mInterfaceCtrl = new InterfaceController(ifaceName, mNetd, mLog);
+        mIfaceName = ifaceName;
+        mInterfaceType = interfaceType;
+        mLinkProperties = new LinkProperties();
+        mUsingLegacyDhcp = config.useLegacyDhcpServer();
+        mUsingBpfOffload = config.isBpfOffloadEnabled();
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator = addressCoordinator;
+        mDeps = deps;
+        resetLinkProperties();
+        mLastError = TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+        mServingMode = STATE_AVAILABLE;
+
+        mIpNeighborMonitor = mDeps.getIpNeighborMonitor(getHandler(), mLog,
+                new MyNeighborEventConsumer());
+
+        // IP neighbor monitor monitors the neighbor events for adding/removing offload
+        // forwarding rules per client. If BPF offload is not supported, don't start listening
+        // for neighbor events. See updateIpv6ForwardingRules, addIpv6ForwardingRule,
+        // removeIpv6ForwardingRule.
+        if (mUsingBpfOffload && !mIpNeighborMonitor.start()) {
+            mLog.e("Failed to create IpNeighborMonitor on " + mIfaceName);
+        }
+
+        mInitialState = new InitialState();
+        mLocalHotspotState = new LocalHotspotState();
+        mTetheredState = new TetheredState();
+        mUnavailableState = new UnavailableState();
+        mWaitingForRestartState = new WaitingForRestartState();
+        addState(mInitialState);
+        addState(mLocalHotspotState);
+        addState(mTetheredState);
+        addState(mWaitingForRestartState, mTetheredState);
+        addState(mUnavailableState);
+
+        setInitialState(mInitialState);
+    }
+
+    /** Interface name which IpServer served.*/
+    public String interfaceName() {
+        return mIfaceName;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tethering downstream type. It would be one of TetheringManager#TETHERING_*.
+     */
+    public int interfaceType() {
+        return mInterfaceType;
+    }
+
+    /** Last error from this IpServer. */
+    public int lastError() {
+        return mLastError;
+    }
+
+    /** Serving mode is the current state of IpServer state machine. */
+    public int servingMode() {
+        return mServingMode;
+    }
+
+    /** The properties of the network link which IpServer is serving. */
+    public LinkProperties linkProperties() {
+        return new LinkProperties(mLinkProperties);
+    }
+
+    /** The address which IpServer is using. */
+    public LinkAddress getAddress() {
+        return mIpv4Address;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the latest list of DHCP leases that was reported. Must be called on the IpServer looper
+     * thread.
+     */
+    public List<TetheredClient> getAllLeases() {
+        return Collections.unmodifiableList(mDhcpLeases);
+    }
+
+    /** Stop this IpServer. After this is called this IpServer should not be used any more. */
+    public void stop() {
+        sendMessage(CMD_INTERFACE_DOWN);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tethering is canceled. IpServer state machine will be available and wait for
+     * next tethering request.
+     */
+    public void unwanted() {
+        sendMessage(CMD_TETHER_UNREQUESTED);
+    }
+
+    /** Internals. */
+
+    private boolean startIPv4() {
+        return configureIPv4(true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience wrapper around INetworkStackStatusCallback to run callbacks on the IpServer
+     * handler.
+     *
+     * <p>Different instances of this class can be created for each call to IDhcpServer methods,
+     * with different implementations of the callback, to differentiate handling of success/error in
+     * each call.
+     */
+    private abstract class OnHandlerStatusCallback extends INetworkStackStatusCallback.Stub {
+        @Override
+        public void onStatusAvailable(int statusCode) {
+            getHandler().post(() -> callback(statusCode));
+        }
+
+        public abstract void callback(int statusCode);
+
+        @Override
+        public int getInterfaceVersion() {
+            return this.VERSION;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String getInterfaceHash() {
+            return this.HASH;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class DhcpServerCallbacksImpl extends DhcpServerCallbacks {
+        private final int mStartIndex;
+
+        private DhcpServerCallbacksImpl(int startIndex) {
+            mStartIndex = startIndex;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onDhcpServerCreated(int statusCode, IDhcpServer server) throws RemoteException {
+            getHandler().post(() -> {
+                // We are on the handler thread: mDhcpServerStartIndex can be read safely.
+                if (mStartIndex != mDhcpServerStartIndex) {
+                     // This start request is obsolete. Explicitly stop the DHCP server to shut
+                     // down its thread. When the |server| binder token goes out of scope, the
+                     // garbage collector will finalize it, which causes the network stack process
+                     // garbage collector to collect the server itself.
+                    try {
+                        server.stop(null);
+                    } catch (RemoteException e) { }
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                if (statusCode != STATUS_SUCCESS) {
+                    mLog.e("Error obtaining DHCP server: " + statusCode);
+                    handleError();
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                mDhcpServer = server;
+                try {
+                    mDhcpServer.startWithCallbacks(new OnHandlerStatusCallback() {
+                        @Override
+                        public void callback(int startStatusCode) {
+                            if (startStatusCode != STATUS_SUCCESS) {
+                                mLog.e("Error starting DHCP server: " + startStatusCode);
+                                handleError();
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }, new DhcpEventCallback());
+                } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                    throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        private void handleError() {
+            mLastError = TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_DHCPSERVER_ERROR;
+            transitionTo(mInitialState);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class DhcpEventCallback extends IDhcpEventCallbacks.Stub {
+        @Override
+        public void onLeasesChanged(List<DhcpLeaseParcelable> leaseParcelables) {
+            final ArrayList<TetheredClient> leases = new ArrayList<>();
+            for (DhcpLeaseParcelable lease : leaseParcelables) {
+                final LinkAddress address = new LinkAddress(
+                        intToInet4AddressHTH(lease.netAddr), lease.prefixLength,
+                        0 /* flags */, RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE /* as per RFC6724#3.2 */,
+                        lease.expTime /* deprecationTime */, lease.expTime /* expirationTime */);
+
+                final MacAddress macAddress;
+                try {
+                    macAddress = MacAddress.fromBytes(lease.hwAddr);
+                } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+                    Log.wtf(TAG, "Invalid address received from DhcpServer: "
+                            + Arrays.toString(lease.hwAddr));
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                final TetheredClient.AddressInfo addressInfo = new TetheredClient.AddressInfo(
+                        address, lease.hostname);
+                leases.add(new TetheredClient(
+                        macAddress,
+                        Collections.singletonList(addressInfo),
+                        mInterfaceType));
+            }
+
+            getHandler().post(() -> {
+                mDhcpLeases = leases;
+                mCallback.dhcpLeasesChanged();
+            });
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onNewPrefixRequest(@NonNull final IpPrefix currentPrefix) {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(currentPrefix);
+            sendMessage(CMD_NEW_PREFIX_REQUEST, currentPrefix);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int getInterfaceVersion() {
+            return this.VERSION;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String getInterfaceHash() throws RemoteException {
+            return this.HASH;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private RouteInfo getDirectConnectedRoute(@NonNull final LinkAddress ipv4Address) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(ipv4Address);
+        return new RouteInfo(PrefixUtils.asIpPrefix(ipv4Address), null, mIfaceName, RTN_UNICAST);
+    }
+
+    private DhcpServingParamsParcel makeServingParams(@NonNull final Inet4Address defaultRouter,
+            @NonNull final Inet4Address dnsServer, @NonNull LinkAddress serverAddr,
+            @Nullable Inet4Address clientAddr) {
+        final boolean changePrefixOnDecline =
+                (mInterfaceType == TetheringManager.TETHERING_NCM && clientAddr == null);
+        return new DhcpServingParamsParcelExt()
+            .setDefaultRouters(defaultRouter)
+            .setDhcpLeaseTimeSecs(DHCP_LEASE_TIME_SECS)
+            .setDnsServers(dnsServer)
+            .setServerAddr(serverAddr)
+            .setMetered(true)
+            .setSingleClientAddr(clientAddr)
+            .setChangePrefixOnDecline(changePrefixOnDecline);
+            // TODO: also advertise link MTU
+    }
+
+    private boolean startDhcp(final LinkAddress serverLinkAddr, final LinkAddress clientLinkAddr) {
+        if (mUsingLegacyDhcp) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        final Inet4Address addr = (Inet4Address) serverLinkAddr.getAddress();
+        final Inet4Address clientAddr = clientLinkAddr == null ? null :
+                (Inet4Address) clientLinkAddr.getAddress();
+
+        final DhcpServingParamsParcel params = makeServingParams(addr /* defaultRouter */,
+                addr /* dnsServer */, serverLinkAddr, clientAddr);
+        mDhcpServerStartIndex++;
+        mDeps.makeDhcpServer(
+                mIfaceName, params, new DhcpServerCallbacksImpl(mDhcpServerStartIndex));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private void stopDhcp() {
+        // Make all previous start requests obsolete so servers are not started later
+        mDhcpServerStartIndex++;
+
+        if (mDhcpServer != null) {
+            try {
+                mDhcpServer.stop(new OnHandlerStatusCallback() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void callback(int statusCode) {
+                        if (statusCode != STATUS_SUCCESS) {
+                            mLog.e("Error stopping DHCP server: " + statusCode);
+                            mLastError = TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_DHCPSERVER_ERROR;
+                            // Not much more we can do here
+                        }
+                        mDhcpLeases.clear();
+                        getHandler().post(mCallback::dhcpLeasesChanged);
+                    }
+                });
+                mDhcpServer = null;
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                mLog.e("Error stopping DHCP server", e);
+                // Not much more we can do here
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean configureDhcp(boolean enable, final LinkAddress serverAddr,
+            final LinkAddress clientAddr) {
+        if (enable) {
+            return startDhcp(serverAddr, clientAddr);
+        } else {
+            stopDhcp();
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void stopIPv4() {
+        configureIPv4(false);
+        // NOTE: All of configureIPv4() will be refactored out of existence
+        // into calls to InterfaceController, shared with startIPv4().
+        mInterfaceCtrl.clearIPv4Address();
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.releaseDownstream(this);
+        mBpfCoordinator.tetherOffloadClientClear(this);
+        mIpv4Address = null;
+        mStaticIpv4ServerAddr = null;
+        mStaticIpv4ClientAddr = null;
+    }
+
+    private boolean configureIPv4(boolean enabled) {
+        if (VDBG) Log.d(TAG, "configureIPv4(" + enabled + ")");
+
+        if (enabled) {
+            mIpv4Address = requestIpv4Address(true /* useLastAddress */);
+        }
+
+        if (mIpv4Address == null) {
+            mLog.e("No available ipv4 address");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (shouldNotConfigureBluetoothInterface()) {
+            // Interface was already configured elsewhere, only start DHCP.
+            return configureDhcp(enabled, mIpv4Address, null /* clientAddress */);
+        }
+
+        final IpPrefix ipv4Prefix = asIpPrefix(mIpv4Address);
+
+        final Boolean setIfaceUp;
+        if (mInterfaceType == TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI
+                || mInterfaceType == TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI_P2P
+                || mInterfaceType == TetheringManager.TETHERING_ETHERNET
+                || mInterfaceType == TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIGIG) {
+            // The WiFi and Ethernet stack has ownership of the interface up/down state.
+            // It is unclear whether the Bluetooth or USB stacks will manage their own
+            // state.
+            setIfaceUp = null;
+        } else {
+            setIfaceUp = enabled;
+        }
+        if (!mInterfaceCtrl.setInterfaceConfiguration(mIpv4Address, setIfaceUp)) {
+            mLog.e("Error configuring interface");
+            if (!enabled) stopDhcp();
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (enabled) {
+            mLinkProperties.addLinkAddress(mIpv4Address);
+            mLinkProperties.addRoute(getDirectConnectedRoute(mIpv4Address));
+        } else {
+            mLinkProperties.removeLinkAddress(mIpv4Address);
+            mLinkProperties.removeRoute(getDirectConnectedRoute(mIpv4Address));
+        }
+        return configureDhcp(enabled, mIpv4Address, mStaticIpv4ClientAddr);
+    }
+
+    private boolean shouldNotConfigureBluetoothInterface() {
+        // Before T, bluetooth tethering configures the interface elsewhere.
+        return (mInterfaceType == TetheringManager.TETHERING_BLUETOOTH) && !SdkLevel.isAtLeastT();
+    }
+
+    private LinkAddress requestIpv4Address(final boolean useLastAddress) {
+        if (mStaticIpv4ServerAddr != null) return mStaticIpv4ServerAddr;
+
+        if (shouldNotConfigureBluetoothInterface()) return new LinkAddress(BLUETOOTH_IFACE_ADDR);
+
+        return mPrivateAddressCoordinator.requestDownstreamAddress(this, useLastAddress);
+    }
+
+    private boolean startIPv6() {
+        mInterfaceParams = mDeps.getInterfaceParams(mIfaceName);
+        if (mInterfaceParams == null) {
+            mLog.e("Failed to find InterfaceParams");
+            stopIPv6();
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        mRaDaemon = mDeps.getRouterAdvertisementDaemon(mInterfaceParams);
+        if (!mRaDaemon.start()) {
+            stopIPv6();
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastS()) {
+            // DAD Proxy starts forwarding packets after IPv6 upstream is present.
+            mDadProxy = mDeps.getDadProxy(getHandler(), mInterfaceParams);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private void stopIPv6() {
+        mInterfaceParams = null;
+        setRaParams(null);
+
+        if (mRaDaemon != null) {
+            mRaDaemon.stop();
+            mRaDaemon = null;
+        }
+
+        if (mDadProxy != null) {
+            mDadProxy.stop();
+            mDadProxy = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // IPv6TetheringCoordinator sends updates with carefully curated IPv6-only
+    // LinkProperties. These have extraneous data filtered out and only the
+    // necessary prefixes included (per its prefix distribution policy).
+    //
+    // TODO: Evaluate using a data structure than is more directly suited to
+    // communicating only the relevant information.
+    private void updateUpstreamIPv6LinkProperties(LinkProperties v6only, int ttlAdjustment) {
+        if (mRaDaemon == null) return;
+
+        // Avoid unnecessary work on spurious updates.
+        if (Objects.equals(mLastIPv6LinkProperties, v6only)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        RaParams params = null;
+        String upstreamIface = null;
+        InterfaceParams upstreamIfaceParams = null;
+        int upstreamIfIndex = 0;
+
+        if (v6only != null) {
+            upstreamIface = v6only.getInterfaceName();
+            upstreamIfaceParams = mDeps.getInterfaceParams(upstreamIface);
+            if (upstreamIfaceParams != null) {
+                upstreamIfIndex = upstreamIfaceParams.index;
+            }
+            params = new RaParams();
+            params.mtu = v6only.getMtu();
+            params.hasDefaultRoute = v6only.hasIpv6DefaultRoute();
+
+            if (params.hasDefaultRoute) params.hopLimit = getHopLimit(upstreamIface, ttlAdjustment);
+
+            for (LinkAddress linkAddr : v6only.getLinkAddresses()) {
+                if (linkAddr.getPrefixLength() != RFC7421_PREFIX_LENGTH) continue;
+
+                final IpPrefix prefix = new IpPrefix(
+                        linkAddr.getAddress(), linkAddr.getPrefixLength());
+                params.prefixes.add(prefix);
+
+                final Inet6Address dnsServer = getLocalDnsIpFor(prefix);
+                if (dnsServer != null) {
+                    params.dnses.add(dnsServer);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Add upstream index to name mapping. See the comment of the interface mapping update in
+        // CMD_TETHER_CONNECTION_CHANGED. Adding the mapping update here to the avoid potential
+        // timing issue. It prevents that the IPv6 capability is updated later than
+        // CMD_TETHER_CONNECTION_CHANGED.
+        mBpfCoordinator.addUpstreamNameToLookupTable(upstreamIfIndex, upstreamIface);
+
+        // If v6only is null, we pass in null to setRaParams(), which handles
+        // deprecation of any existing RA data.
+
+        setRaParams(params);
+        // Be aware that updateIpv6ForwardingRules use mLastIPv6LinkProperties, so this line should
+        // be eariler than updateIpv6ForwardingRules.
+        // TODO: avoid this dependencies and move this logic into BpfCoordinator.
+        mLastIPv6LinkProperties = v6only;
+
+        updateIpv6ForwardingRules(mLastIPv6UpstreamIfindex, upstreamIfIndex, null);
+        mLastIPv6UpstreamIfindex = upstreamIfIndex;
+        if (mDadProxy != null) {
+            mDadProxy.setUpstreamIface(upstreamIfaceParams);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void removeRoutesFromLocalNetwork(@NonNull final List<RouteInfo> toBeRemoved) {
+        final int removalFailures = NetdUtils.removeRoutesFromLocalNetwork(
+                mNetd, toBeRemoved);
+        if (removalFailures > 0) {
+            mLog.e(String.format("Failed to remove %d IPv6 routes from local table.",
+                    removalFailures));
+        }
+
+        for (RouteInfo route : toBeRemoved) mLinkProperties.removeRoute(route);
+    }
+
+    private void addRoutesToLocalNetwork(@NonNull final List<RouteInfo> toBeAdded) {
+        try {
+            // It's safe to call networkAddInterface() even if
+            // the interface is already in the local_network.
+            mNetd.networkAddInterface(INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID, mIfaceName);
+            try {
+                // Add routes from local network. Note that adding routes that
+                // already exist does not cause an error (EEXIST is silently ignored).
+                NetdUtils.addRoutesToLocalNetwork(mNetd, mIfaceName, toBeAdded);
+            } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
+                mLog.e("Failed to add IPv4/v6 routes to local table: " + e);
+                return;
+            }
+        } catch (ServiceSpecificException | RemoteException e) {
+            mLog.e("Failed to add " + mIfaceName + " to local table: ", e);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        for (RouteInfo route : toBeAdded) mLinkProperties.addRoute(route);
+    }
+
+    private void configureLocalIPv6Routes(
+            HashSet<IpPrefix> deprecatedPrefixes, HashSet<IpPrefix> newPrefixes) {
+        // [1] Remove the routes that are deprecated.
+        if (!deprecatedPrefixes.isEmpty()) {
+            removeRoutesFromLocalNetwork(getLocalRoutesFor(mIfaceName, deprecatedPrefixes));
+        }
+
+        // [2] Add only the routes that have not previously been added.
+        if (newPrefixes != null && !newPrefixes.isEmpty()) {
+            HashSet<IpPrefix> addedPrefixes = (HashSet) newPrefixes.clone();
+            if (mLastRaParams != null) {
+                addedPrefixes.removeAll(mLastRaParams.prefixes);
+            }
+
+            if (!addedPrefixes.isEmpty()) {
+                addRoutesToLocalNetwork(getLocalRoutesFor(mIfaceName, addedPrefixes));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void configureLocalIPv6Dns(
+            HashSet<Inet6Address> deprecatedDnses, HashSet<Inet6Address> newDnses) {
+        // TODO: Is this really necessary? Can we not fail earlier if INetd cannot be located?
+        if (mNetd == null) {
+            if (newDnses != null) newDnses.clear();
+            mLog.e("No netd service instance available; not setting local IPv6 addresses");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // [1] Remove deprecated local DNS IP addresses.
+        if (!deprecatedDnses.isEmpty()) {
+            for (Inet6Address dns : deprecatedDnses) {
+                if (!mInterfaceCtrl.removeAddress(dns, RFC7421_PREFIX_LENGTH)) {
+                    mLog.e("Failed to remove local dns IP " + dns);
+                }
+
+                mLinkProperties.removeLinkAddress(new LinkAddress(dns, RFC7421_PREFIX_LENGTH));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // [2] Add only the local DNS IP addresses that have not previously been added.
+        if (newDnses != null && !newDnses.isEmpty()) {
+            final HashSet<Inet6Address> addedDnses = (HashSet) newDnses.clone();
+            if (mLastRaParams != null) {
+                addedDnses.removeAll(mLastRaParams.dnses);
+            }
+
+            for (Inet6Address dns : addedDnses) {
+                if (!mInterfaceCtrl.addAddress(dns, RFC7421_PREFIX_LENGTH)) {
+                    mLog.e("Failed to add local dns IP " + dns);
+                    newDnses.remove(dns);
+                }
+
+                mLinkProperties.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress(dns, RFC7421_PREFIX_LENGTH));
+            }
+        }
+
+        try {
+            mNetd.tetherApplyDnsInterfaces();
+        } catch (ServiceSpecificException | RemoteException e) {
+            mLog.e("Failed to update local DNS caching server");
+            if (newDnses != null) newDnses.clear();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void addIpv6ForwardingRule(Ipv6ForwardingRule rule) {
+        // Theoretically, we don't need this check because IP neighbor monitor doesn't start if BPF
+        // offload is disabled. Add this check just in case.
+        // TODO: Perhaps remove this protection check.
+        if (!mUsingBpfOffload) return;
+
+        mBpfCoordinator.tetherOffloadRuleAdd(this, rule);
+    }
+
+    private void removeIpv6ForwardingRule(Ipv6ForwardingRule rule) {
+        // TODO: Perhaps remove this protection check.
+        // See the related comment in #addIpv6ForwardingRule.
+        if (!mUsingBpfOffload) return;
+
+        mBpfCoordinator.tetherOffloadRuleRemove(this, rule);
+    }
+
+    private void clearIpv6ForwardingRules() {
+        if (!mUsingBpfOffload) return;
+
+        mBpfCoordinator.tetherOffloadRuleClear(this);
+    }
+
+    private void updateIpv6ForwardingRule(int newIfindex) {
+        // TODO: Perhaps remove this protection check.
+        // See the related comment in #addIpv6ForwardingRule.
+        if (!mUsingBpfOffload) return;
+
+        mBpfCoordinator.tetherOffloadRuleUpdate(this, newIfindex);
+    }
+
+    private boolean isIpv6VcnNetworkInterface() {
+        if (mLastIPv6LinkProperties == null) return false;
+
+        return isVcnInterface(mLastIPv6LinkProperties.getInterfaceName());
+    }
+
+    // Handles all updates to IPv6 forwarding rules. These can currently change only if the upstream
+    // changes or if a neighbor event is received.
+    private void updateIpv6ForwardingRules(int prevUpstreamIfindex, int upstreamIfindex,
+            NeighborEvent e) {
+        // If no longer have an upstream or it is virtual network, clear forwarding rules and do
+        // nothing else.
+        // TODO: Rather than always clear rules, ensure whether ipv6 ever enable first.
+        if (upstreamIfindex == 0 || isIpv6VcnNetworkInterface()) {
+            clearIpv6ForwardingRules();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // If the upstream interface has changed, remove all rules and re-add them with the new
+        // upstream interface.
+        if (prevUpstreamIfindex != upstreamIfindex) {
+            updateIpv6ForwardingRule(upstreamIfindex);
+        }
+
+        // If we're here to process a NeighborEvent, do so now.
+        // mInterfaceParams must be non-null or the event would not have arrived.
+        if (e == null) return;
+        if (!(e.ip instanceof Inet6Address) || e.ip.isMulticastAddress()
+                || e.ip.isLoopbackAddress() || e.ip.isLinkLocalAddress()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // When deleting rules, we still need to pass a non-null MAC, even though it's ignored.
+        // Do this here instead of in the Ipv6ForwardingRule constructor to ensure that we never
+        // add rules with a null MAC, only delete them.
+        MacAddress dstMac = e.isValid() ? e.macAddr : NULL_MAC_ADDRESS;
+        Ipv6ForwardingRule rule = new Ipv6ForwardingRule(upstreamIfindex,
+                mInterfaceParams.index, (Inet6Address) e.ip, mInterfaceParams.macAddr, dstMac);
+        if (e.isValid()) {
+            addIpv6ForwardingRule(rule);
+        } else {
+            removeIpv6ForwardingRule(rule);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // TODO: consider moving into BpfCoordinator.
+    private void updateClientInfoIpv4(NeighborEvent e) {
+        // TODO: Perhaps remove this protection check.
+        // See the related comment in #addIpv6ForwardingRule.
+        if (!mUsingBpfOffload) return;
+
+        if (e == null) return;
+        if (!(e.ip instanceof Inet4Address) || e.ip.isMulticastAddress()
+                || e.ip.isLoopbackAddress() || e.ip.isLinkLocalAddress()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // When deleting clients, IpServer still need to pass a non-null MAC, even though it's
+        // ignored. Do this here instead of in the ClientInfo constructor to ensure that
+        // IpServer never add clients with a null MAC, only delete them.
+        final MacAddress clientMac = e.isValid() ? e.macAddr : NULL_MAC_ADDRESS;
+        final ClientInfo clientInfo = new ClientInfo(mInterfaceParams.index,
+                mInterfaceParams.macAddr, (Inet4Address) e.ip, clientMac);
+        if (e.isValid()) {
+            mBpfCoordinator.tetherOffloadClientAdd(this, clientInfo);
+        } else {
+            mBpfCoordinator.tetherOffloadClientRemove(this, clientInfo);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void handleNeighborEvent(NeighborEvent e) {
+        if (mInterfaceParams != null
+                && mInterfaceParams.index == e.ifindex
+                && mInterfaceParams.hasMacAddress) {
+            updateIpv6ForwardingRules(mLastIPv6UpstreamIfindex, mLastIPv6UpstreamIfindex, e);
+            updateClientInfoIpv4(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void handleNewPrefixRequest(@NonNull final IpPrefix currentPrefix) {
+        if (!currentPrefix.contains(mIpv4Address.getAddress())
+                || currentPrefix.getPrefixLength() != mIpv4Address.getPrefixLength()) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Invalid prefix: " + currentPrefix);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final LinkAddress deprecatedLinkAddress = mIpv4Address;
+        mIpv4Address = requestIpv4Address(false);
+        if (mIpv4Address == null) {
+            mLog.e("Fail to request a new downstream prefix");
+            return;
+        }
+        final Inet4Address srvAddr = (Inet4Address) mIpv4Address.getAddress();
+
+        // Add new IPv4 address on the interface.
+        if (!mInterfaceCtrl.addAddress(srvAddr, currentPrefix.getPrefixLength())) {
+            mLog.e("Failed to add new IP " + srvAddr);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Remove deprecated routes from local network.
+        removeRoutesFromLocalNetwork(
+                Collections.singletonList(getDirectConnectedRoute(deprecatedLinkAddress)));
+        mLinkProperties.removeLinkAddress(deprecatedLinkAddress);
+
+        // Add new routes to local network.
+        addRoutesToLocalNetwork(
+                Collections.singletonList(getDirectConnectedRoute(mIpv4Address)));
+        mLinkProperties.addLinkAddress(mIpv4Address);
+
+        // Update local DNS caching server with new IPv4 address, otherwise, dnsmasq doesn't
+        // listen on the interface configured with new IPv4 address, that results DNS validation
+        // failure of downstream client even if appropriate routes have been configured.
+        try {
+            mNetd.tetherApplyDnsInterfaces();
+        } catch (ServiceSpecificException | RemoteException e) {
+            mLog.e("Failed to update local DNS caching server");
+            return;
+        }
+        sendLinkProperties();
+
+        // Notify DHCP server that new prefix/route has been applied on IpServer.
+        final Inet4Address clientAddr = mStaticIpv4ClientAddr == null ? null :
+                (Inet4Address) mStaticIpv4ClientAddr.getAddress();
+        final DhcpServingParamsParcel params = makeServingParams(srvAddr /* defaultRouter */,
+                srvAddr /* dnsServer */, mIpv4Address /* serverLinkAddress */, clientAddr);
+        try {
+            mDhcpServer.updateParams(params, new OnHandlerStatusCallback() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void callback(int statusCode) {
+                        if (statusCode != STATUS_SUCCESS) {
+                            mLog.e("Error updating DHCP serving params: " + statusCode);
+                        }
+                    }
+            });
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            mLog.e("Error updating DHCP serving params", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private byte getHopLimit(String upstreamIface, int adjustTTL) {
+        try {
+            int upstreamHopLimit = Integer.parseUnsignedInt(
+                    mNetd.getProcSysNet(INetd.IPV6, INetd.CONF, upstreamIface, "hop_limit"));
+            upstreamHopLimit = upstreamHopLimit + adjustTTL;
+            // Cap the hop limit to 255.
+            return (byte) Integer.min(upstreamHopLimit, 255);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            mLog.e("Failed to find upstream interface hop limit", e);
+        }
+        return RaParams.DEFAULT_HOPLIMIT;
+    }
+
+    private void setRaParams(RaParams newParams) {
+        if (mRaDaemon != null) {
+            final RaParams deprecatedParams =
+                    RaParams.getDeprecatedRaParams(mLastRaParams, newParams);
+
+            configureLocalIPv6Routes(deprecatedParams.prefixes,
+                    (newParams != null) ? newParams.prefixes : null);
+
+            configureLocalIPv6Dns(deprecatedParams.dnses,
+                    (newParams != null) ? newParams.dnses : null);
+
+            mRaDaemon.buildNewRa(deprecatedParams, newParams);
+        }
+
+        mLastRaParams = newParams;
+    }
+
+    private void maybeLogMessage(State state, int what) {
+        switch (what) {
+            // Suppress some CMD_* to avoid log flooding.
+            case CMD_IPV6_TETHER_UPDATE:
+            case CMD_NEIGHBOR_EVENT:
+                break;
+            default:
+                mLog.log(state.getName() + " got "
+                        + sMagicDecoderRing.get(what, Integer.toString(what)));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void sendInterfaceState(int newInterfaceState) {
+        mServingMode = newInterfaceState;
+        mCallback.updateInterfaceState(this, newInterfaceState, mLastError);
+        sendLinkProperties();
+    }
+
+    private void sendLinkProperties() {
+        mCallback.updateLinkProperties(this, new LinkProperties(mLinkProperties));
+    }
+
+    private void resetLinkProperties() {
+        mLinkProperties.clear();
+        mLinkProperties.setInterfaceName(mIfaceName);
+    }
+
+    private void maybeConfigureStaticIp(final TetheringRequestParcel request) {
+        // Ignore static address configuration if they are invalid or null. In theory, static
+        // addresses should not be invalid here because TetheringManager do not allow caller to
+        // specify invalid static address configuration.
+        if (request == null || request.localIPv4Address == null
+                || request.staticClientAddress == null || !checkStaticAddressConfiguration(
+                request.localIPv4Address, request.staticClientAddress)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        mStaticIpv4ServerAddr = request.localIPv4Address;
+        mStaticIpv4ClientAddr = request.staticClientAddress;
+    }
+
+    class InitialState extends State {
+        @Override
+        public void enter() {
+            sendInterfaceState(STATE_AVAILABLE);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean processMessage(Message message) {
+            maybeLogMessage(this, message.what);
+            switch (message.what) {
+                case CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED:
+                    mLastError = TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+                    switch (message.arg1) {
+                        case STATE_LOCAL_ONLY:
+                            maybeConfigureStaticIp((TetheringRequestParcel) message.obj);
+                            transitionTo(mLocalHotspotState);
+                            break;
+                        case STATE_TETHERED:
+                            maybeConfigureStaticIp((TetheringRequestParcel) message.obj);
+                            transitionTo(mTetheredState);
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                            mLog.e("Invalid tethering interface serving state specified.");
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case CMD_INTERFACE_DOWN:
+                    transitionTo(mUnavailableState);
+                    break;
+                case CMD_IPV6_TETHER_UPDATE:
+                    updateUpstreamIPv6LinkProperties((LinkProperties) message.obj, message.arg1);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    return NOT_HANDLED;
+            }
+            return HANDLED;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void startConntrackMonitoring() {
+        mBpfCoordinator.startMonitoring(this);
+    }
+
+    private void stopConntrackMonitoring() {
+        mBpfCoordinator.stopMonitoring(this);
+    }
+
+    class BaseServingState extends State {
+        @Override
+        public void enter() {
+            startConntrackMonitoring();
+
+            if (!startIPv4()) {
+                mLastError = TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_IFACE_CFG_ERROR;
+                return;
+            }
+
+            try {
+                NetdUtils.tetherInterface(mNetd, mIfaceName, asIpPrefix(mIpv4Address));
+            } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException | IllegalStateException e) {
+                mLog.e("Error Tethering", e);
+                mLastError = TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_TETHER_IFACE_ERROR;
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (!startIPv6()) {
+                mLog.e("Failed to startIPv6");
+                // TODO: Make this a fatal error once Bluetooth IPv6 is sorted.
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void exit() {
+            // Note that at this point, we're leaving the tethered state.  We can fail any
+            // of these operations, but it doesn't really change that we have to try them
+            // all in sequence.
+            stopIPv6();
+
+            try {
+                NetdUtils.untetherInterface(mNetd, mIfaceName);
+            } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+                mLastError = TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_UNTETHER_IFACE_ERROR;
+                mLog.e("Failed to untether interface: " + e);
+            }
+
+            stopIPv4();
+            stopConntrackMonitoring();
+
+            resetLinkProperties();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean processMessage(Message message) {
+            switch (message.what) {
+                case CMD_TETHER_UNREQUESTED:
+                    transitionTo(mInitialState);
+                    if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Untethered (unrequested)" + mIfaceName);
+                    break;
+                case CMD_INTERFACE_DOWN:
+                    transitionTo(mUnavailableState);
+                    if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Untethered (ifdown)" + mIfaceName);
+                    break;
+                case CMD_IPV6_TETHER_UPDATE:
+                    updateUpstreamIPv6LinkProperties((LinkProperties) message.obj, message.arg1);
+                    sendLinkProperties();
+                    break;
+                case CMD_IP_FORWARDING_ENABLE_ERROR:
+                case CMD_IP_FORWARDING_DISABLE_ERROR:
+                case CMD_START_TETHERING_ERROR:
+                case CMD_STOP_TETHERING_ERROR:
+                case CMD_SET_DNS_FORWARDERS_ERROR:
+                    mLastError = TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+                    transitionTo(mInitialState);
+                    break;
+                case CMD_NEW_PREFIX_REQUEST:
+                    handleNewPrefixRequest((IpPrefix) message.obj);
+                    break;
+                case CMD_NOTIFY_PREFIX_CONFLICT:
+                    mLog.i("restart tethering: " + mInterfaceType);
+                    mCallback.requestEnableTethering(mInterfaceType, false /* enabled */);
+                    transitionTo(mWaitingForRestartState);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    return false;
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Handling errors in BaseServingState.enter() by transitioning is
+    // problematic because transitioning during a multi-state jump yields
+    // a Log.wtf(). Ultimately, there should be only one ServingState,
+    // and forwarding and NAT rules should be handled by a coordinating
+    // functional element outside of IpServer.
+    class LocalHotspotState extends BaseServingState {
+        @Override
+        public void enter() {
+            super.enter();
+            if (mLastError != TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR) {
+                transitionTo(mInitialState);
+            }
+
+            if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Local hotspot " + mIfaceName);
+            sendInterfaceState(STATE_LOCAL_ONLY);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean processMessage(Message message) {
+            if (super.processMessage(message)) return true;
+
+            maybeLogMessage(this, message.what);
+            switch (message.what) {
+                case CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED:
+                    mLog.e("CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED while in local-only hotspot mode.");
+                    break;
+                case CMD_TETHER_CONNECTION_CHANGED:
+                    // Ignored in local hotspot state.
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    return false;
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Handling errors in BaseServingState.enter() by transitioning is
+    // problematic because transitioning during a multi-state jump yields
+    // a Log.wtf(). Ultimately, there should be only one ServingState,
+    // and forwarding and NAT rules should be handled by a coordinating
+    // functional element outside of IpServer.
+    class TetheredState extends BaseServingState {
+        @Override
+        public void enter() {
+            super.enter();
+            if (mLastError != TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR) {
+                transitionTo(mInitialState);
+            }
+
+            if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Tethered " + mIfaceName);
+            sendInterfaceState(STATE_TETHERED);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void exit() {
+            cleanupUpstream();
+            super.exit();
+        }
+
+        // Note that IPv4 offload rules cleanup is implemented in BpfCoordinator while upstream
+        // state is null or changed because IPv4 and IPv6 tethering have different code flow
+        // and behaviour. While upstream is switching from offload supported interface to
+        // offload non-supportted interface, event CMD_TETHER_CONNECTION_CHANGED calls
+        // #cleanupUpstreamInterface but #cleanupUpstream because new UpstreamIfaceSet is not null.
+        // This case won't happen in IPv6 tethering because IPv6 tethering upstream state is
+        // reported by IPv6TetheringCoordinator. #cleanupUpstream is also called by unwirding
+        // adding NAT failure. In that case, the IPv4 offload rules are removed by #stopIPv4
+        // in the state machine. Once there is any case out whish is not covered by previous cases,
+        // probably consider clearing rules in #cleanupUpstream as well.
+        private void cleanupUpstream() {
+            if (mUpstreamIfaceSet == null) return;
+
+            for (String ifname : mUpstreamIfaceSet.ifnames) cleanupUpstreamInterface(ifname);
+            mUpstreamIfaceSet = null;
+            clearIpv6ForwardingRules();
+        }
+
+        private void cleanupUpstreamInterface(String upstreamIface) {
+            // Note that we don't care about errors here.
+            // Sometimes interfaces are gone before we get
+            // to remove their rules, which generates errors.
+            // Just do the best we can.
+            mBpfCoordinator.maybeDetachProgram(mIfaceName, upstreamIface);
+            try {
+                mNetd.ipfwdRemoveInterfaceForward(mIfaceName, upstreamIface);
+            } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+                mLog.e("Exception in ipfwdRemoveInterfaceForward: " + e.toString());
+            }
+            try {
+                mNetd.tetherRemoveForward(mIfaceName, upstreamIface);
+            } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+                mLog.e("Exception in disableNat: " + e.toString());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean processMessage(Message message) {
+            if (super.processMessage(message)) return true;
+
+            maybeLogMessage(this, message.what);
+            switch (message.what) {
+                case CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED:
+                    mLog.e("CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED while already tethering.");
+                    break;
+                case CMD_TETHER_CONNECTION_CHANGED:
+                    final InterfaceSet newUpstreamIfaceSet = (InterfaceSet) message.obj;
+                    if (noChangeInUpstreamIfaceSet(newUpstreamIfaceSet)) {
+                        if (VDBG) Log.d(TAG, "Connection changed noop - dropping");
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    if (newUpstreamIfaceSet == null) {
+                        cleanupUpstream();
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    for (String removed : upstreamInterfacesRemoved(newUpstreamIfaceSet)) {
+                        cleanupUpstreamInterface(removed);
+                    }
+
+                    final Set<String> added = upstreamInterfacesAdd(newUpstreamIfaceSet);
+                    // This makes the call to cleanupUpstream() in the error
+                    // path for any interface neatly cleanup all the interfaces.
+                    mUpstreamIfaceSet = newUpstreamIfaceSet;
+
+                    for (String ifname : added) {
+                        // Add upstream index to name mapping for the tether stats usage in the
+                        // coordinator. Although this mapping could be added by both class
+                        // Tethering and IpServer, adding mapping from IpServer guarantees that
+                        // the mapping is added before adding forwarding rules. That is because
+                        // there are different state machines in both classes. It is hard to
+                        // guarantee the link property update order between multiple state machines.
+                        // Note that both IPv4 and IPv6 interface may be added because
+                        // Tethering::setUpstreamNetwork calls getTetheringInterfaces which merges
+                        // IPv4 and IPv6 interface name (if any) into an InterfaceSet. The IPv6
+                        // capability may be updated later. In that case, IPv6 interface mapping is
+                        // updated in updateUpstreamIPv6LinkProperties.
+                        if (!ifname.startsWith("v4-")) {  // ignore clat interfaces
+                            final InterfaceParams upstreamIfaceParams =
+                                    mDeps.getInterfaceParams(ifname);
+                            if (upstreamIfaceParams != null) {
+                                mBpfCoordinator.addUpstreamNameToLookupTable(
+                                        upstreamIfaceParams.index, ifname);
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        mBpfCoordinator.maybeAttachProgram(mIfaceName, ifname);
+                        try {
+                            mNetd.tetherAddForward(mIfaceName, ifname);
+                            mNetd.ipfwdAddInterfaceForward(mIfaceName, ifname);
+                        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+                            mLog.e("Exception enabling NAT: " + e.toString());
+                            cleanupUpstream();
+                            mLastError = TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_ENABLE_FORWARDING_ERROR;
+                            transitionTo(mInitialState);
+                            return true;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case CMD_NEIGHBOR_EVENT:
+                    handleNeighborEvent((NeighborEvent) message.obj);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    return false;
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        private boolean noChangeInUpstreamIfaceSet(InterfaceSet newIfaces) {
+            if (mUpstreamIfaceSet == null && newIfaces == null) return true;
+            if (mUpstreamIfaceSet != null && newIfaces != null) {
+                return mUpstreamIfaceSet.equals(newIfaces);
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        private Set<String> upstreamInterfacesRemoved(InterfaceSet newIfaces) {
+            if (mUpstreamIfaceSet == null) return new HashSet<>();
+
+            final HashSet<String> removed = new HashSet<>(mUpstreamIfaceSet.ifnames);
+            removed.removeAll(newIfaces.ifnames);
+            return removed;
+        }
+
+        private Set<String> upstreamInterfacesAdd(InterfaceSet newIfaces) {
+            final HashSet<String> added = new HashSet<>(newIfaces.ifnames);
+            if (mUpstreamIfaceSet != null) added.removeAll(mUpstreamIfaceSet.ifnames);
+            return added;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This state is terminal for the per interface state machine.  At this
+     * point, the tethering main state machine should have removed this interface
+     * specific state machine from its list of possible recipients of
+     * tethering requests.  The state machine itself will hang around until
+     * the garbage collector finds it.
+     */
+    class UnavailableState extends State {
+        @Override
+        public void enter() {
+            mIpNeighborMonitor.stop();
+            mLastError = TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+            sendInterfaceState(STATE_UNAVAILABLE);
+        }
+    }
+
+    class WaitingForRestartState extends State {
+        @Override
+        public boolean processMessage(Message message) {
+            maybeLogMessage(this, message.what);
+            switch (message.what) {
+                case CMD_TETHER_UNREQUESTED:
+                    transitionTo(mInitialState);
+                    mLog.i("Untethered (unrequested) and restarting " + mIfaceName);
+                    mCallback.requestEnableTethering(mInterfaceType, true /* enabled */);
+                    break;
+                case CMD_INTERFACE_DOWN:
+                    transitionTo(mUnavailableState);
+                    mLog.i("Untethered (interface down) and restarting " + mIfaceName);
+                    mCallback.requestEnableTethering(mInterfaceType, true /* enabled */);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    return false;
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Accumulate routes representing "prefixes to be assigned to the local
+    // interface", for subsequent modification of local_network routing.
+    private static ArrayList<RouteInfo> getLocalRoutesFor(
+            String ifname, HashSet<IpPrefix> prefixes) {
+        final ArrayList<RouteInfo> localRoutes = new ArrayList<RouteInfo>();
+        for (IpPrefix ipp : prefixes) {
+            localRoutes.add(new RouteInfo(ipp, null, ifname, RTN_UNICAST));
+        }
+        return localRoutes;
+    }
+
+    // Given a prefix like 2001:db8::/64 return an address like 2001:db8::1.
+    private static Inet6Address getLocalDnsIpFor(IpPrefix localPrefix) {
+        final byte[] dnsBytes = localPrefix.getRawAddress();
+        dnsBytes[dnsBytes.length - 1] = getRandomSanitizedByte(DOUG_ADAMS, asByte(0), asByte(1));
+        try {
+            return Inet6Address.getByAddress(null, dnsBytes, 0);
+        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "Failed to construct Inet6Address from: " + localPrefix);
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static byte getRandomSanitizedByte(byte dflt, byte... excluded) {
+        final byte random = (byte) (new Random()).nextInt();
+        for (int value : excluded) {
+            if (random == value) return dflt;
+        }
+        return random;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/NeighborPacketForwarder.java b/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/NeighborPacketForwarder.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..723bd63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/NeighborPacketForwarder.java
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.ip;
+
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET6;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_PACKET;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.ETH_P_IPV6;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_RAW;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_DGRAM;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_NONBLOCK;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_RAW;
+
+import android.net.util.SocketUtils;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.system.Os;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.InterfaceParams;
+import com.android.net.module.util.PacketReader;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.TetheringUtils;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.SocketAddress;
+import java.net.SocketException;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+/**
+ * Basic IPv6 Neighbor Advertisement Forwarder.
+ *
+ * Forward NA packets from upstream iface to tethered iface
+ * and NS packets from tethered iface to upstream iface.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class NeighborPacketForwarder extends PacketReader {
+    private final String mTag;
+
+    private FileDescriptor mFd;
+
+    // TODO: get these from NetworkStackConstants.
+    private static final int IPV6_ADDR_LEN = 16;
+    private static final int IPV6_DST_ADDR_OFFSET = 24;
+    private static final int IPV6_HEADER_LEN = 40;
+    private static final int ETH_HEADER_LEN = 14;
+
+    private InterfaceParams mListenIfaceParams, mSendIfaceParams;
+
+    private final int mType;
+    public static final int ICMPV6_NEIGHBOR_ADVERTISEMENT  = 136;
+    public static final int ICMPV6_NEIGHBOR_SOLICITATION = 135;
+
+    public NeighborPacketForwarder(Handler h, InterfaceParams tetheredInterface, int type) {
+        super(h);
+        mTag = NeighborPacketForwarder.class.getSimpleName() + "-"
+                + tetheredInterface.name + "-" + type;
+        mType = type;
+
+        if (mType == ICMPV6_NEIGHBOR_ADVERTISEMENT) {
+            mSendIfaceParams = tetheredInterface;
+        } else {
+            mListenIfaceParams = tetheredInterface;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Set new upstream iface and start/stop based on new params. */
+    public void setUpstreamIface(InterfaceParams upstreamParams) {
+        final InterfaceParams oldUpstreamParams;
+
+        if (mType == ICMPV6_NEIGHBOR_ADVERTISEMENT) {
+            oldUpstreamParams = mListenIfaceParams;
+            mListenIfaceParams = upstreamParams;
+        } else {
+            oldUpstreamParams = mSendIfaceParams;
+            mSendIfaceParams = upstreamParams;
+        }
+
+        if (oldUpstreamParams == null && upstreamParams != null) {
+            start();
+        } else if (oldUpstreamParams != null && upstreamParams == null) {
+            stop();
+        } else if (oldUpstreamParams != null && upstreamParams != null
+                   && oldUpstreamParams.index != upstreamParams.index) {
+            stop();
+            start();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // TODO: move NetworkStackUtils.closeSocketQuietly to
+    // frameworks/libs/net/common/device/com/android/net/module/util/[someclass].
+    private void closeSocketQuietly(FileDescriptor fd) {
+        try {
+            SocketUtils.closeSocket(fd);
+        } catch (IOException ignored) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected FileDescriptor createFd() {
+        try {
+            // ICMPv6 packets from modem do not have eth header, so RAW socket cannot be used.
+            // To keep uniformity in both directions PACKET socket can be used.
+            mFd = Os.socket(AF_PACKET, SOCK_DGRAM | SOCK_NONBLOCK, 0);
+
+            // TODO: convert setup*Socket to setupICMPv6BpfFilter with filter type?
+            if (mType == ICMPV6_NEIGHBOR_ADVERTISEMENT) {
+                TetheringUtils.setupNaSocket(mFd);
+            } else if (mType == ICMPV6_NEIGHBOR_SOLICITATION) {
+                TetheringUtils.setupNsSocket(mFd);
+            }
+
+            SocketAddress bindAddress = SocketUtils.makePacketSocketAddress(
+                                                        ETH_P_IPV6, mListenIfaceParams.index);
+            Os.bind(mFd, bindAddress);
+        } catch (ErrnoException | SocketException e) {
+            Log.wtf(mTag, "Failed to create  socket", e);
+            closeSocketQuietly(mFd);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return mFd;
+    }
+
+    private Inet6Address getIpv6DestinationAddress(byte[] recvbuf) {
+        Inet6Address dstAddr;
+        try {
+            dstAddr = (Inet6Address) Inet6Address.getByAddress(Arrays.copyOfRange(recvbuf,
+                    IPV6_DST_ADDR_OFFSET, IPV6_DST_ADDR_OFFSET + IPV6_ADDR_LEN));
+        } catch (UnknownHostException | ClassCastException impossible) {
+            throw new AssertionError("16-byte array not valid IPv6 address?");
+        }
+        return dstAddr;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void handlePacket(byte[] recvbuf, int length) {
+        if (mSendIfaceParams == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // The BPF filter should already have checked the length of the packet, but...
+        if (length < IPV6_HEADER_LEN) {
+            return;
+        }
+        Inet6Address destv6 = getIpv6DestinationAddress(recvbuf);
+        if (!destv6.isMulticastAddress()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        InetSocketAddress dest = new InetSocketAddress(destv6, 0);
+
+        FileDescriptor fd = null;
+        try {
+            fd = Os.socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_RAW | SOCK_NONBLOCK, IPPROTO_RAW);
+            SocketUtils.bindSocketToInterface(fd, mSendIfaceParams.name);
+
+            int ret = Os.sendto(fd, recvbuf, 0, length, 0, dest);
+        } catch (ErrnoException | SocketException e) {
+            Log.e(mTag, "handlePacket error: " + e);
+        } finally {
+            closeSocketQuietly(fd);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/RouterAdvertisementDaemon.java b/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/RouterAdvertisementDaemon.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c452e55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/RouterAdvertisementDaemon.java
@@ -0,0 +1,659 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.ip;
+
+import static android.net.util.NetworkConstants.RFC7421_PREFIX_LENGTH;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET6;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_ICMPV6;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_RAW;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.SOL_SOCKET;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.SO_SNDTIMEO;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ICMPV6_ND_OPTION_SLLA;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ICMPV6_RA_HEADER_LEN;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ICMPV6_ROUTER_ADVERTISEMENT;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ICMPV6_ROUTER_SOLICITATION;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_MIN_MTU;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.PIO_FLAG_AUTONOMOUS;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.PIO_FLAG_ON_LINK;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.TAG_SYSTEM_NEIGHBOR;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.TetheringUtils.getAllNodesForScopeId;
+
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.MacAddress;
+import android.net.TrafficStats;
+import android.net.util.SocketUtils;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.system.Os;
+import android.system.StructTimeval;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
+import com.android.net.module.util.InterfaceParams;
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.Icmpv6Header;
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.LlaOption;
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.MtuOption;
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.PrefixInformationOption;
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.RaHeader;
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.RdnssOption;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.TetheringUtils;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.SocketException;
+import java.nio.BufferOverflowException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Random;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+
+/**
+ * Basic IPv6 Router Advertisement Daemon.
+ *
+ * TODO:
+ *
+ *     - Rewrite using Handler (and friends) so that AlarmManager can deliver
+ *       "kick" messages when it's time to send a multicast RA.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class RouterAdvertisementDaemon {
+    private static final String TAG = RouterAdvertisementDaemon.class.getSimpleName();
+
+    // Summary of various timers and lifetimes.
+    private static final int MIN_RTR_ADV_INTERVAL_SEC = 300;
+    private static final int MAX_RTR_ADV_INTERVAL_SEC = 600;
+    // In general, router, prefix, and DNS lifetimes are all advised to be
+    // greater than or equal to 3 * MAX_RTR_ADV_INTERVAL.  Here, we double
+    // that to allow for multicast packet loss.
+    //
+    // This MAX_RTR_ADV_INTERVAL_SEC and DEFAULT_LIFETIME are also consistent
+    // with the https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7772#section-4 discussion of
+    // "approximately 7 RAs per hour".
+    private static final int DEFAULT_LIFETIME = 6 * MAX_RTR_ADV_INTERVAL_SEC;
+    // From https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4861#section-10 .
+    private static final int MIN_DELAY_BETWEEN_RAS_SEC = 3;
+    // Both initial and final RAs, but also for changes in RA contents.
+    // From https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4861#section-10 .
+    private static final int  MAX_URGENT_RTR_ADVERTISEMENTS = 5;
+
+    private static final int DAY_IN_SECONDS = 86_400;
+
+    private final InterfaceParams mInterface;
+    private final InetSocketAddress mAllNodes;
+
+    // This lock is to protect the RA from being updated while being
+    // transmitted on another thread  (multicast or unicast).
+    //
+    // TODO: This should be handled with a more RCU-like approach.
+    private final Object mLock = new Object();
+    @GuardedBy("mLock")
+    private final byte[] mRA = new byte[IPV6_MIN_MTU];
+    @GuardedBy("mLock")
+    private int mRaLength;
+    @GuardedBy("mLock")
+    private final DeprecatedInfoTracker mDeprecatedInfoTracker;
+    @GuardedBy("mLock")
+    private RaParams mRaParams;
+
+    private volatile FileDescriptor mSocket;
+    private volatile MulticastTransmitter mMulticastTransmitter;
+    private volatile UnicastResponder mUnicastResponder;
+
+    /** Encapsulate the RA parameters for RouterAdvertisementDaemon.*/
+    public static class RaParams {
+        // Tethered traffic will have the hop limit properly decremented.
+        // Consequently, set the hoplimit greater by one than the upstream
+        // unicast hop limit.
+        //
+        // TODO: Dynamically pass down the IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS value from the
+        // upstream interface for more correct behaviour.
+        static final byte DEFAULT_HOPLIMIT = 65;
+
+        public boolean hasDefaultRoute;
+        public byte hopLimit;
+        public int mtu;
+        public HashSet<IpPrefix> prefixes;
+        public HashSet<Inet6Address> dnses;
+
+        public RaParams() {
+            hasDefaultRoute = false;
+            hopLimit = DEFAULT_HOPLIMIT;
+            mtu = IPV6_MIN_MTU;
+            prefixes = new HashSet<IpPrefix>();
+            dnses = new HashSet<Inet6Address>();
+        }
+
+        public RaParams(RaParams other) {
+            hasDefaultRoute = other.hasDefaultRoute;
+            hopLimit = other.hopLimit;
+            mtu = other.mtu;
+            prefixes = (HashSet) other.prefixes.clone();
+            dnses = (HashSet) other.dnses.clone();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Returns the subset of RA parameters that become deprecated when
+         * moving from announcing oldRa to announcing newRa.
+         *
+         * Currently only tracks differences in |prefixes| and |dnses|.
+         */
+        public static RaParams getDeprecatedRaParams(RaParams oldRa, RaParams newRa) {
+            RaParams newlyDeprecated = new RaParams();
+
+            if (oldRa != null) {
+                for (IpPrefix ipp : oldRa.prefixes) {
+                    if (newRa == null || !newRa.prefixes.contains(ipp)) {
+                        newlyDeprecated.prefixes.add(ipp);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                for (Inet6Address dns : oldRa.dnses) {
+                    if (newRa == null || !newRa.dnses.contains(dns)) {
+                        newlyDeprecated.dnses.add(dns);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return newlyDeprecated;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class DeprecatedInfoTracker {
+        private final HashMap<IpPrefix, Integer> mPrefixes = new HashMap<>();
+        private final HashMap<Inet6Address, Integer> mDnses = new HashMap<>();
+
+        Set<IpPrefix> getPrefixes() {
+            return mPrefixes.keySet();
+        }
+
+        void putPrefixes(Set<IpPrefix> prefixes) {
+            for (IpPrefix ipp : prefixes) {
+                mPrefixes.put(ipp, MAX_URGENT_RTR_ADVERTISEMENTS);
+            }
+        }
+
+        void removePrefixes(Set<IpPrefix> prefixes) {
+            for (IpPrefix ipp : prefixes) {
+                mPrefixes.remove(ipp);
+            }
+        }
+
+        Set<Inet6Address> getDnses() {
+            return mDnses.keySet();
+        }
+
+        void putDnses(Set<Inet6Address> dnses) {
+            for (Inet6Address dns : dnses) {
+                mDnses.put(dns, MAX_URGENT_RTR_ADVERTISEMENTS);
+            }
+        }
+
+        void removeDnses(Set<Inet6Address> dnses) {
+            for (Inet6Address dns : dnses) {
+                mDnses.remove(dns);
+            }
+        }
+
+        boolean isEmpty() {
+            return mPrefixes.isEmpty() && mDnses.isEmpty();
+        }
+
+        private boolean decrementCounters() {
+            boolean removed = decrementCounter(mPrefixes);
+            removed |= decrementCounter(mDnses);
+            return removed;
+        }
+
+        private <T> boolean decrementCounter(HashMap<T, Integer> map) {
+            boolean removed = false;
+
+            for (Iterator<Map.Entry<T, Integer>> it = map.entrySet().iterator();
+                    it.hasNext();) {
+                Map.Entry<T, Integer> kv = it.next();
+                if (kv.getValue() == 0) {
+                    it.remove();
+                    removed = true;
+                } else {
+                    kv.setValue(kv.getValue() - 1);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return removed;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public RouterAdvertisementDaemon(InterfaceParams ifParams) {
+        mInterface = ifParams;
+        mAllNodes = new InetSocketAddress(getAllNodesForScopeId(mInterface.index), 0);
+        mDeprecatedInfoTracker = new DeprecatedInfoTracker();
+    }
+
+    /** Build new RA.*/
+    public void buildNewRa(RaParams deprecatedParams, RaParams newParams) {
+        synchronized (mLock) {
+            if (deprecatedParams != null) {
+                mDeprecatedInfoTracker.putPrefixes(deprecatedParams.prefixes);
+                mDeprecatedInfoTracker.putDnses(deprecatedParams.dnses);
+            }
+
+            if (newParams != null) {
+                // Process information that is no longer deprecated.
+                mDeprecatedInfoTracker.removePrefixes(newParams.prefixes);
+                mDeprecatedInfoTracker.removeDnses(newParams.dnses);
+            }
+
+            mRaParams = newParams;
+            assembleRaLocked();
+        }
+
+        maybeNotifyMulticastTransmitter();
+    }
+
+    /** Start router advertisement daemon. */
+    public boolean start() {
+        if (!createSocket()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        mMulticastTransmitter = new MulticastTransmitter();
+        mMulticastTransmitter.start();
+
+        mUnicastResponder = new UnicastResponder();
+        mUnicastResponder.start();
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /** Stop router advertisement daemon. */
+    public void stop() {
+        closeSocket();
+        // Wake up mMulticastTransmitter thread to interrupt a potential 1 day sleep before
+        // the thread's termination.
+        maybeNotifyMulticastTransmitter();
+        mMulticastTransmitter = null;
+        mUnicastResponder = null;
+    }
+
+    @GuardedBy("mLock")
+    private void assembleRaLocked() {
+        final ByteBuffer ra = ByteBuffer.wrap(mRA);
+        ra.order(ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN);
+
+        final boolean haveRaParams = (mRaParams != null);
+        boolean shouldSendRA = false;
+
+        try {
+            putHeader(ra, haveRaParams && mRaParams.hasDefaultRoute,
+                    haveRaParams ? mRaParams.hopLimit : RaParams.DEFAULT_HOPLIMIT);
+            putSlla(ra, mInterface.macAddr.toByteArray());
+            mRaLength = ra.position();
+
+            // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5175#section-4 says:
+            //
+            //     "MUST NOT be added to a Router Advertisement message
+            //      if no flags in the option are set."
+            //
+            // putExpandedFlagsOption(ra);
+
+            if (haveRaParams) {
+                putMtu(ra, mRaParams.mtu);
+                mRaLength = ra.position();
+
+                for (IpPrefix ipp : mRaParams.prefixes) {
+                    putPio(ra, ipp, DEFAULT_LIFETIME, DEFAULT_LIFETIME);
+                    mRaLength = ra.position();
+                    shouldSendRA = true;
+                }
+
+                if (mRaParams.dnses.size() > 0) {
+                    putRdnss(ra, mRaParams.dnses, DEFAULT_LIFETIME);
+                    mRaLength = ra.position();
+                    shouldSendRA = true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            for (IpPrefix ipp : mDeprecatedInfoTracker.getPrefixes()) {
+                putPio(ra, ipp, 0, 0);
+                mRaLength = ra.position();
+                shouldSendRA = true;
+            }
+
+            final Set<Inet6Address> deprecatedDnses = mDeprecatedInfoTracker.getDnses();
+            if (!deprecatedDnses.isEmpty()) {
+                putRdnss(ra, deprecatedDnses, 0);
+                mRaLength = ra.position();
+                shouldSendRA = true;
+            }
+        } catch (BufferOverflowException e) {
+            // The packet up to mRaLength  is valid, since it has been updated
+            // progressively as the RA was built. Log an error, and continue
+            // on as best as possible.
+            Log.e(TAG, "Could not construct new RA: " + e);
+        }
+
+        // We have nothing worth announcing; indicate as much to maybeSendRA().
+        if (!shouldSendRA) {
+            mRaLength = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void maybeNotifyMulticastTransmitter() {
+        final MulticastTransmitter m = mMulticastTransmitter;
+        if (m != null) {
+            m.hup();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static byte asByte(int value) {
+        return (byte) value;
+    }
+    private static short asShort(int value) {
+        return (short) value;
+    }
+
+    private static void putHeader(ByteBuffer ra, boolean hasDefaultRoute, byte hopLimit) {
+        // RFC 4191 "high" preference, iff. advertising a default route.
+        final byte flags = hasDefaultRoute ? asByte(0x08) : asByte(0);
+        final short lifetime = hasDefaultRoute ? asShort(DEFAULT_LIFETIME) : asShort(0);
+        final Icmpv6Header icmpv6Header =
+                new Icmpv6Header(asByte(ICMPV6_ROUTER_ADVERTISEMENT) /* type */,
+                        asByte(0) /* code */, asShort(0) /* checksum */);
+        final RaHeader raHeader = new RaHeader(hopLimit, flags, lifetime, 0 /* reachableTime */,
+                0 /* retransTimer */);
+        icmpv6Header.writeToByteBuffer(ra);
+        raHeader.writeToByteBuffer(ra);
+    }
+
+    private static void putSlla(ByteBuffer ra, byte[] slla) {
+        if (slla == null || slla.length != 6) {
+            // Only IEEE 802.3 6-byte addresses are supported.
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final ByteBuffer sllaOption = LlaOption.build(asByte(ICMPV6_ND_OPTION_SLLA),
+                MacAddress.fromBytes(slla));
+        ra.put(sllaOption);
+    }
+
+    private static void putExpandedFlagsOption(ByteBuffer ra) {
+        /**
+            Router Advertisement Expanded Flags Option
+
+             0                   1                   2                   3
+             0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+            +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+            |     Type      |    Length     |         Bit fields available ..
+            +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+            ... for assignment                                              |
+            +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+         */
+
+        final byte nd_option__efo = 26;
+        final byte efo_num_8octets = 1;
+
+        ra.put(nd_option__efo)
+            .put(efo_num_8octets)
+            .putShort(asShort(0))
+            .putInt(0);
+    }
+
+    private static void putMtu(ByteBuffer ra, int mtu) {
+        final ByteBuffer mtuOption = MtuOption.build((mtu < IPV6_MIN_MTU) ? IPV6_MIN_MTU : mtu);
+        ra.put(mtuOption);
+    }
+
+    private static void putPio(ByteBuffer ra, IpPrefix ipp,
+                               int validTime, int preferredTime) {
+        final int prefixLength = ipp.getPrefixLength();
+        if (prefixLength != 64) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (validTime < 0) validTime = 0;
+        if (preferredTime < 0) preferredTime = 0;
+        if (preferredTime > validTime) preferredTime = validTime;
+
+        final ByteBuffer pioOption = PrefixInformationOption.build(ipp,
+                asByte(PIO_FLAG_ON_LINK | PIO_FLAG_AUTONOMOUS), validTime, preferredTime);
+        ra.put(pioOption);
+    }
+
+    private static void putRio(ByteBuffer ra, IpPrefix ipp) {
+        /**
+            Route Information Option
+
+             0                   1                   2                   3
+             0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+            +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+            |     Type      |    Length     | Prefix Length |Resvd|Prf|Resvd|
+            +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+            |                        Route Lifetime                         |
+            +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+            |                   Prefix (Variable Length)                    |
+            .                                                               .
+            .                                                               .
+            +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+         */
+        final int prefixLength = ipp.getPrefixLength();
+        if (prefixLength > 64) {
+            return;
+        }
+        final byte nd_option_rio = 24;
+        final byte rio_num_8octets = asByte(
+                (prefixLength == 0) ? 1 : (prefixLength <= 8) ? 2 : 3);
+
+        final byte[] addr = ipp.getAddress().getAddress();
+        ra.put(nd_option_rio)
+            .put(rio_num_8octets)
+            .put(asByte(prefixLength))
+            .put(asByte(0x18))
+            .putInt(DEFAULT_LIFETIME);
+
+        // Rely upon an IpPrefix's address being properly zeroed.
+        if (prefixLength > 0) {
+            ra.put(addr, 0, (prefixLength <= 64) ? 8 : 16);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void putRdnss(ByteBuffer ra, Set<Inet6Address> dnses, int lifetime) {
+        final HashSet<Inet6Address> filteredDnses = new HashSet<>();
+        for (Inet6Address dns : dnses) {
+            if ((new LinkAddress(dns, RFC7421_PREFIX_LENGTH)).isGlobalPreferred()) {
+                filteredDnses.add(dns);
+            }
+        }
+        if (filteredDnses.isEmpty()) return;
+
+        final Inet6Address[] dnsesArray =
+                filteredDnses.toArray(new Inet6Address[filteredDnses.size()]);
+        final ByteBuffer rdnssOption = RdnssOption.build(lifetime, dnsesArray);
+        // NOTE: If the full of list DNS servers doesn't fit in the packet,
+        // this code will cause a buffer overflow and the RA won't include
+        // this instance of the option at all.
+        //
+        // TODO: Consider looking at ra.remaining() to determine how many
+        // DNS servers will fit, and adding only those.
+        ra.put(rdnssOption);
+    }
+
+    private boolean createSocket() {
+        final int send_timout_ms = 300;
+
+        final int oldTag = TrafficStats.getAndSetThreadStatsTag(TAG_SYSTEM_NEIGHBOR);
+        try {
+            mSocket = Os.socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMPV6);
+            // Setting SNDTIMEO is purely for defensive purposes.
+            Os.setsockoptTimeval(
+                    mSocket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDTIMEO, StructTimeval.fromMillis(send_timout_ms));
+            SocketUtils.bindSocketToInterface(mSocket, mInterface.name);
+            TetheringUtils.setupRaSocket(mSocket, mInterface.index);
+        } catch (ErrnoException | IOException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to create RA daemon socket: " + e);
+            return false;
+        } finally {
+            TrafficStats.setThreadStatsTag(oldTag);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private void closeSocket() {
+        if (mSocket != null) {
+            try {
+                SocketUtils.closeSocket(mSocket);
+            } catch (IOException ignored) { }
+        }
+        mSocket = null;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isSocketValid() {
+        final FileDescriptor s = mSocket;
+        return (s != null) && s.valid();
+    }
+
+    private boolean isSuitableDestination(InetSocketAddress dest) {
+        if (mAllNodes.equals(dest)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        final InetAddress destip = dest.getAddress();
+        return (destip instanceof Inet6Address)
+               && destip.isLinkLocalAddress()
+               && (((Inet6Address) destip).getScopeId() == mInterface.index);
+    }
+
+    private void maybeSendRA(InetSocketAddress dest) {
+        if (dest == null || !isSuitableDestination(dest)) {
+            dest = mAllNodes;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            synchronized (mLock) {
+                if (mRaLength < ICMPV6_RA_HEADER_LEN) {
+                    // No actual RA to send.
+                    return;
+                }
+                Os.sendto(mSocket, mRA, 0, mRaLength, 0, dest);
+            }
+            Log.d(TAG, "RA sendto " + dest.getAddress().getHostAddress());
+        } catch (ErrnoException | SocketException e) {
+            if (isSocketValid()) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "sendto error: " + e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private final class UnicastResponder extends Thread {
+        private final InetSocketAddress mSolicitor = new InetSocketAddress(0);
+        // The recycled buffer for receiving Router Solicitations from clients.
+        // If the RS is larger than IPV6_MIN_MTU the packets are truncated.
+        // This is fine since currently only byte 0 is examined anyway.
+        private final byte[] mSolicitation = new byte[IPV6_MIN_MTU];
+
+        @Override
+        public void run() {
+            while (isSocketValid()) {
+                try {
+                    // Blocking receive.
+                    final int rval = Os.recvfrom(
+                            mSocket, mSolicitation, 0, mSolicitation.length, 0, mSolicitor);
+                    // Do the least possible amount of validation.
+                    if (rval < 1 || mSolicitation[0] != asByte(ICMPV6_ROUTER_SOLICITATION)) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                } catch (ErrnoException | SocketException e) {
+                    if (isSocketValid()) {
+                        Log.e(TAG, "recvfrom error: " + e);
+                    }
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                maybeSendRA(mSolicitor);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Consider moving this to run on a provided Looper as a Handler,
+    // with WakeupMessage-style messages providing the timer driven input.
+    private final class MulticastTransmitter extends Thread {
+        private final Random mRandom = new Random();
+        private final AtomicInteger mUrgentAnnouncements = new AtomicInteger(0);
+
+        @Override
+        public void run() {
+            while (isSocketValid()) {
+                try {
+                    Thread.sleep(getNextMulticastTransmitDelayMs());
+                } catch (InterruptedException ignored) {
+                    // Stop sleeping, immediately send an RA, and continue.
+                }
+
+                maybeSendRA(mAllNodes);
+                synchronized (mLock) {
+                    if (mDeprecatedInfoTracker.decrementCounters()) {
+                        // At least one deprecated PIO has been removed;
+                        // reassemble the RA.
+                        assembleRaLocked();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void hup() {
+            // Set to one fewer that the desired number, because as soon as
+            // the thread interrupt is processed we immediately send an RA
+            // and mUrgentAnnouncements is not examined until the subsequent
+            // sleep interval computation (i.e. this way we send 3 and not 4).
+            mUrgentAnnouncements.set(MAX_URGENT_RTR_ADVERTISEMENTS - 1);
+            interrupt();
+        }
+
+        private int getNextMulticastTransmitDelaySec() {
+            boolean deprecationInProgress = false;
+            synchronized (mLock) {
+                if (mRaLength < ICMPV6_RA_HEADER_LEN) {
+                    // No actual RA to send; just sleep for 1 day.
+                    return DAY_IN_SECONDS;
+                }
+                deprecationInProgress = !mDeprecatedInfoTracker.isEmpty();
+            }
+
+            final int urgentPending = mUrgentAnnouncements.getAndDecrement();
+            if ((urgentPending > 0) || deprecationInProgress) {
+                return MIN_DELAY_BETWEEN_RAS_SEC;
+            }
+
+            return MIN_RTR_ADV_INTERVAL_SEC + mRandom.nextInt(
+                    MAX_RTR_ADV_INTERVAL_SEC - MIN_RTR_ADV_INTERVAL_SEC);
+        }
+
+        private long getNextMulticastTransmitDelayMs() {
+            return 1000 * (long) getNextMulticastTransmitDelaySec();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinator.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinator.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..225bd58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinator.java
@@ -0,0 +1,2037 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_NO;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.ROAMING_NO;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.SET_DEFAULT;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.UID_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.UID_TETHERING;
+import static android.net.ip.ConntrackMonitor.ConntrackEvent;
+import static android.net.netstats.provider.NetworkStatsProvider.QUOTA_UNLIMITED;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.ETH_P_IP;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.ETH_P_IPV6;
+
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfUtils.DOWNSTREAM;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfUtils.UPSTREAM;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetheringConfiguration.DEFAULT_TETHER_OFFLOAD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.UpstreamNetworkState.isVcnInterface;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.TetheringUtils.getTetheringJniLibraryName;
+
+import android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager;
+import android.net.INetd;
+import android.net.MacAddress;
+import android.net.NetworkStats;
+import android.net.NetworkStats.Entry;
+import android.net.TetherOffloadRuleParcel;
+import android.net.ip.ConntrackMonitor;
+import android.net.ip.ConntrackMonitor.ConntrackEventConsumer;
+import android.net.ip.IpServer;
+import android.net.netstats.provider.NetworkStatsProvider;
+import android.net.util.SharedLog;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.system.OsConstants;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
+import android.util.Base64;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.SparseArray;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.internal.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+import com.android.net.module.util.BpfMap;
+import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.InterfaceParams;
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.U32;
+import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Key;
+import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Value;
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.ConntrackMessage;
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants;
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkSocket;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.apishim.common.BpfCoordinatorShim;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.TetheringUtils.ForwardedStats;
+
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ *  This coordinator is responsible for providing BPF offload relevant functionality.
+ *  - Get tethering stats.
+ *  - Set data limit.
+ *  - Set global alert.
+ *  - Add/remove forwarding rules.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class BpfCoordinator {
+    // Ensure the JNI code is loaded. In production this will already have been loaded by
+    // TetherService, but for tests it needs to be either loaded here or loaded by every test.
+    // TODO: is there a better way?
+    static {
+        System.loadLibrary(getTetheringJniLibraryName());
+    }
+
+    private static final String TAG = BpfCoordinator.class.getSimpleName();
+    private static final int DUMP_TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000;
+    private static final MacAddress NULL_MAC_ADDRESS = MacAddress.fromString(
+            "00:00:00:00:00:00");
+    private static final String TETHER_DOWNSTREAM4_MAP_PATH = makeMapPath(DOWNSTREAM, 4);
+    private static final String TETHER_UPSTREAM4_MAP_PATH = makeMapPath(UPSTREAM, 4);
+    private static final String TETHER_DOWNSTREAM6_FS_PATH = makeMapPath(DOWNSTREAM, 6);
+    private static final String TETHER_UPSTREAM6_FS_PATH = makeMapPath(UPSTREAM, 6);
+    private static final String TETHER_STATS_MAP_PATH = makeMapPath("stats");
+    private static final String TETHER_LIMIT_MAP_PATH = makeMapPath("limit");
+    private static final String TETHER_ERROR_MAP_PATH = makeMapPath("error");
+    private static final String TETHER_DEV_MAP_PATH = makeMapPath("dev");
+
+    // Using "," as a separator is safe because base64 characters are [0-9a-zA-Z/=+].
+    private static final String DUMP_BASE64_DELIMITER = ",";
+
+    /** The names of all the BPF counters defined in bpf_tethering.h. */
+    public static final String[] sBpfCounterNames = getBpfCounterNames();
+
+    private static String makeMapPath(String which) {
+        return "/sys/fs/bpf/tethering/map_offload_tether_" + which + "_map";
+    }
+
+    private static String makeMapPath(boolean downstream, int ipVersion) {
+        return makeMapPath((downstream ? "downstream" : "upstream") + ipVersion);
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static final int CONNTRACK_TIMEOUT_UPDATE_INTERVAL_MS = 60_000;
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static final int NF_CONNTRACK_TCP_TIMEOUT_ESTABLISHED = 432_000;
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static final int NF_CONNTRACK_UDP_TIMEOUT_STREAM = 180;
+
+    // List of TCP port numbers which aren't offloaded because the packets require the netfilter
+    // conntrack helper. See also TetherController::setForwardRules in netd.
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static final short [] NON_OFFLOADED_UPSTREAM_IPV4_TCP_PORTS = new short [] {
+            21 /* ftp */, 1723 /* pptp */};
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    enum StatsType {
+        STATS_PER_IFACE,
+        STATS_PER_UID,
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    private final Handler mHandler;
+    @NonNull
+    private final INetd mNetd;
+    @NonNull
+    private final SharedLog mLog;
+    @NonNull
+    private final Dependencies mDeps;
+    @NonNull
+    private final ConntrackMonitor mConntrackMonitor;
+    @Nullable
+    private final BpfTetherStatsProvider mStatsProvider;
+    @NonNull
+    private final BpfCoordinatorShim mBpfCoordinatorShim;
+    @NonNull
+    private final BpfConntrackEventConsumer mBpfConntrackEventConsumer;
+
+    // True if BPF offload is supported, false otherwise. The BPF offload could be disabled by
+    // a runtime resource overlay package or device configuration. This flag is only initialized
+    // in the constructor because it is hard to unwind all existing change once device
+    // configuration is changed. Especially the forwarding rules. Keep the same setting
+    // to make it simpler. See also TetheringConfiguration.
+    private final boolean mIsBpfEnabled;
+
+    // Tracks whether BPF tethering is started or not. This is set by tethering before it
+    // starts the first IpServer and is cleared by tethering shortly before the last IpServer
+    // is stopped. Note that rule updates (especially deletions, but sometimes additions as
+    // well) may arrive when this is false. If they do, they must be communicated to netd.
+    // Changes in data limits may also arrive when this is false, and if they do, they must
+    // also be communicated to netd.
+    private boolean mPollingStarted = false;
+
+    // Tracking remaining alert quota. Unlike limit quota is subject to interface, the alert
+    // quota is interface independent and global for tether offload.
+    private long mRemainingAlertQuota = QUOTA_UNLIMITED;
+
+    // Maps upstream interface index to offloaded traffic statistics.
+    // Always contains the latest total bytes/packets, since each upstream was started, received
+    // from the BPF maps for each interface.
+    private final SparseArray<ForwardedStats> mStats = new SparseArray<>();
+
+    // Maps upstream interface names to interface quotas.
+    // Always contains the latest value received from the framework for each interface, regardless
+    // of whether offload is currently running (or is even supported) on that interface. Only
+    // includes interfaces that have a quota set. Note that this map is used for storing the quota
+    // which is set from the service. Because the service uses the interface name to present the
+    // interface, this map uses the interface name to be the mapping index.
+    private final HashMap<String, Long> mInterfaceQuotas = new HashMap<>();
+
+    // Maps upstream interface index to interface names.
+    // Store all interface name since boot. Used for lookup what interface name it is from the
+    // tether stats got from netd because netd reports interface index to present an interface.
+    // TODO: Remove the unused interface name.
+    private final SparseArray<String> mInterfaceNames = new SparseArray<>();
+
+    // Map of downstream rule maps. Each of these maps represents the IPv6 forwarding rules for a
+    // given downstream. Each map:
+    // - Is owned by the IpServer that is responsible for that downstream.
+    // - Must only be modified by that IpServer.
+    // - Is created when the IpServer adds its first rule, and deleted when the IpServer deletes
+    //   its last rule (or clears its rules).
+    // TODO: Perhaps seal the map and rule operations which communicates with netd into a class.
+    // TODO: Does this need to be a LinkedHashMap or can it just be a HashMap? Also, could it be
+    // a ConcurrentHashMap, in order to avoid the copies in tetherOffloadRuleClear
+    // and tetherOffloadRuleUpdate?
+    // TODO: Perhaps use one-dimensional map and access specific downstream rules via downstream
+    // index. For doing that, IpServer must guarantee that it always has a valid IPv6 downstream
+    // interface index while calling function to clear all rules. IpServer may be calling clear
+    // rules function without a valid IPv6 downstream interface index even if it may have one
+    // before. IpServer would need to call getInterfaceParams() in the constructor instead of when
+    // startIpv6() is called, and make mInterfaceParams final.
+    private final HashMap<IpServer, LinkedHashMap<Inet6Address, Ipv6ForwardingRule>>
+            mIpv6ForwardingRules = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+
+    // Map of downstream client maps. Each of these maps represents the IPv4 clients for a given
+    // downstream. Needed to build IPv4 forwarding rules when conntrack events are received.
+    // Each map:
+    // - Is owned by the IpServer that is responsible for that downstream.
+    // - Must only be modified by that IpServer.
+    // - Is created when the IpServer adds its first client, and deleted when the IpServer deletes
+    //   its last client.
+    // Note that relying on the client address for finding downstream is okay for now because the
+    // client address is unique. See PrivateAddressCoordinator#requestDownstreamAddress.
+    // TODO: Refactor if any possible that the client address is not unique.
+    private final HashMap<IpServer, HashMap<Inet4Address, ClientInfo>>
+            mTetherClients = new HashMap<>();
+
+    // Set for which downstream is monitoring the conntrack netlink message.
+    private final Set<IpServer> mMonitoringIpServers = new HashSet<>();
+
+    // Map of upstream interface IPv4 address to interface index.
+    // TODO: consider making the key to be unique because the upstream address is not unique. It
+    // is okay for now because there have only one upstream generally.
+    private final HashMap<Inet4Address, Integer> mIpv4UpstreamIndices = new HashMap<>();
+
+    // Map for upstream and downstream pair.
+    private final HashMap<String, HashSet<String>> mForwardingPairs = new HashMap<>();
+
+    // Set for upstream and downstream device map. Used for caching BPF dev map status and
+    // reduce duplicate adding or removing map operations. Use LinkedHashSet because the test
+    // BpfCoordinatorTest needs predictable iteration order.
+    private final Set<Integer> mDeviceMapSet = new LinkedHashSet<>();
+
+    // Tracks the last IPv4 upstream index. Support single upstream only.
+    // TODO: Support multi-upstream interfaces.
+    private int mLastIPv4UpstreamIfindex = 0;
+
+    // Runnable that used by scheduling next polling of stats.
+    private final Runnable mScheduledPollingStats = () -> {
+        updateForwardedStats();
+        maybeSchedulePollingStats();
+    };
+
+    // Runnable that used by scheduling next refreshing of conntrack timeout.
+    private final Runnable mScheduledConntrackTimeoutUpdate = () -> {
+        refreshAllConntrackTimeouts();
+        maybeScheduleConntrackTimeoutUpdate();
+    };
+
+    // TODO: add BpfMap<TetherDownstream64Key, TetherDownstream64Value> retrieving function.
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public abstract static class Dependencies {
+        /** Get handler. */
+        @NonNull public abstract Handler getHandler();
+
+        /** Get netd. */
+        @NonNull public abstract INetd getNetd();
+
+        /** Get network stats manager. */
+        @NonNull public abstract NetworkStatsManager getNetworkStatsManager();
+
+        /** Get shared log. */
+        @NonNull public abstract SharedLog getSharedLog();
+
+        /** Get tethering configuration. */
+        @Nullable public abstract TetheringConfiguration getTetherConfig();
+
+        /** Get conntrack monitor. */
+        @NonNull public ConntrackMonitor getConntrackMonitor(ConntrackEventConsumer consumer) {
+            return new ConntrackMonitor(getHandler(), getSharedLog(), consumer);
+        }
+
+        /** Get interface information for a given interface. */
+        @NonNull public InterfaceParams getInterfaceParams(String ifName) {
+            return InterfaceParams.getByName(ifName);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Represents an estimate of elapsed time since boot in nanoseconds.
+         */
+        public long elapsedRealtimeNanos() {
+            return SystemClock.elapsedRealtimeNanos();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Check OS Build at least S.
+         *
+         * TODO: move to BpfCoordinatorShim once the test doesn't need the mocked OS build for
+         * testing different code flows concurrently.
+         */
+        public boolean isAtLeastS() {
+            return SdkLevel.isAtLeastS();
+        }
+
+        /** Get downstream4 BPF map. */
+        @Nullable public BpfMap<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> getBpfDownstream4Map() {
+            if (!isAtLeastS()) return null;
+            try {
+                return new BpfMap<>(TETHER_DOWNSTREAM4_MAP_PATH,
+                    BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR, Tether4Key.class, Tether4Value.class);
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Cannot create downstream4 map: " + e);
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /** Get upstream4 BPF map. */
+        @Nullable public BpfMap<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> getBpfUpstream4Map() {
+            if (!isAtLeastS()) return null;
+            try {
+                return new BpfMap<>(TETHER_UPSTREAM4_MAP_PATH,
+                    BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR, Tether4Key.class, Tether4Value.class);
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Cannot create upstream4 map: " + e);
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /** Get downstream6 BPF map. */
+        @Nullable public BpfMap<TetherDownstream6Key, Tether6Value> getBpfDownstream6Map() {
+            if (!isAtLeastS()) return null;
+            try {
+                return new BpfMap<>(TETHER_DOWNSTREAM6_FS_PATH,
+                    BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR, TetherDownstream6Key.class, Tether6Value.class);
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Cannot create downstream6 map: " + e);
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /** Get upstream6 BPF map. */
+        @Nullable public BpfMap<TetherUpstream6Key, Tether6Value> getBpfUpstream6Map() {
+            if (!isAtLeastS()) return null;
+            try {
+                return new BpfMap<>(TETHER_UPSTREAM6_FS_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR,
+                        TetherUpstream6Key.class, Tether6Value.class);
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Cannot create upstream6 map: " + e);
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /** Get stats BPF map. */
+        @Nullable public BpfMap<TetherStatsKey, TetherStatsValue> getBpfStatsMap() {
+            if (!isAtLeastS()) return null;
+            try {
+                return new BpfMap<>(TETHER_STATS_MAP_PATH,
+                    BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR, TetherStatsKey.class, TetherStatsValue.class);
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Cannot create stats map: " + e);
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /** Get limit BPF map. */
+        @Nullable public BpfMap<TetherLimitKey, TetherLimitValue> getBpfLimitMap() {
+            if (!isAtLeastS()) return null;
+            try {
+                return new BpfMap<>(TETHER_LIMIT_MAP_PATH,
+                    BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR, TetherLimitKey.class, TetherLimitValue.class);
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Cannot create limit map: " + e);
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /** Get dev BPF map. */
+        @Nullable public BpfMap<TetherDevKey, TetherDevValue> getBpfDevMap() {
+            if (!isAtLeastS()) return null;
+            try {
+                return new BpfMap<>(TETHER_DEV_MAP_PATH,
+                    BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR, TetherDevKey.class, TetherDevValue.class);
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Cannot create dev map: " + e);
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public BpfCoordinator(@NonNull Dependencies deps) {
+        mDeps = deps;
+        mHandler = mDeps.getHandler();
+        mNetd = mDeps.getNetd();
+        mLog = mDeps.getSharedLog().forSubComponent(TAG);
+        mIsBpfEnabled = isBpfEnabled();
+
+        // The conntrack consummer needs to be initialized in BpfCoordinator constructor because it
+        // have to access the data members of BpfCoordinator which is not a static class. The
+        // consumer object is also needed for initializing the conntrack monitor which may be
+        // mocked for testing.
+        mBpfConntrackEventConsumer = new BpfConntrackEventConsumer();
+        mConntrackMonitor = mDeps.getConntrackMonitor(mBpfConntrackEventConsumer);
+
+        BpfTetherStatsProvider provider = new BpfTetherStatsProvider();
+        try {
+            mDeps.getNetworkStatsManager().registerNetworkStatsProvider(
+                    getClass().getSimpleName(), provider);
+        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+            // TODO: Perhaps not allow to use BPF offload because the reregistration failure
+            // implied that no data limit could be applies on a metered upstream if any.
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "Cannot register offload stats provider: " + e);
+            provider = null;
+        }
+        mStatsProvider = provider;
+
+        mBpfCoordinatorShim = BpfCoordinatorShim.getBpfCoordinatorShim(deps);
+        if (!mBpfCoordinatorShim.isInitialized()) {
+            mLog.e("Bpf shim not initialized");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start BPF tethering offload stats polling when the first upstream is started.
+     * Note that this can be only called on handler thread.
+     * TODO: Perhaps check BPF support before starting.
+     * TODO: Start the stats polling only if there is any client on the downstream.
+     */
+    public void startPolling() {
+        if (mPollingStarted) return;
+
+        if (!isUsingBpf()) {
+            mLog.i("BPF is not using");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        mPollingStarted = true;
+        maybeSchedulePollingStats();
+        maybeScheduleConntrackTimeoutUpdate();
+
+        mLog.i("Polling started");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stop BPF tethering offload stats polling.
+     * The data limit cleanup and the tether stats maps cleanup are not implemented here.
+     * These cleanups rely on all IpServers calling #tetherOffloadRuleRemove. After the
+     * last rule is removed from the upstream, #tetherOffloadRuleRemove does the cleanup
+     * functionality.
+     * Note that this can be only called on handler thread.
+     */
+    public void stopPolling() {
+        if (!mPollingStarted) return;
+
+        // Stop scheduled polling conntrack timeout.
+        if (mHandler.hasCallbacks(mScheduledConntrackTimeoutUpdate)) {
+            mHandler.removeCallbacks(mScheduledConntrackTimeoutUpdate);
+        }
+        // Stop scheduled polling stats and poll the latest stats from BPF maps.
+        if (mHandler.hasCallbacks(mScheduledPollingStats)) {
+            mHandler.removeCallbacks(mScheduledPollingStats);
+        }
+        updateForwardedStats();
+        mPollingStarted = false;
+
+        mLog.i("Polling stopped");
+    }
+
+    private boolean isUsingBpf() {
+        return mIsBpfEnabled && mBpfCoordinatorShim.isInitialized();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start conntrack message monitoring.
+     * Note that this can be only called on handler thread.
+     *
+     * TODO: figure out a better logging for non-interesting conntrack message.
+     * For example, the following logging is an IPCTNL_MSG_CT_GET message but looks scary.
+     * +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+     * | ERROR unparsable netlink msg: 1400000001010103000000000000000002000000    |
+     * +------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
+     * |                  | struct nlmsghdr                                        |
+     * | 14000000         | length = 20                                            |
+     * | 0101             | type = NFNL_SUBSYS_CTNETLINK << 8 | IPCTNL_MSG_CT_GET  |
+     * | 0103             | flags                                                  |
+     * | 00000000         | seqno = 0                                              |
+     * | 00000000         | pid = 0                                                |
+     * |                  | struct nfgenmsg                                        |
+     * | 02               | nfgen_family  = AF_INET                                |
+     * | 00               | version = NFNETLINK_V0                                 |
+     * | 0000             | res_id                                                 |
+     * +------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
+     * See NetlinkMonitor#handlePacket, NetlinkMessage#parseNfMessage.
+     */
+    public void startMonitoring(@NonNull final IpServer ipServer) {
+        // TODO: Wrap conntrackMonitor starting function into mBpfCoordinatorShim.
+        if (!isUsingBpf() || !mDeps.isAtLeastS()) return;
+
+        if (mMonitoringIpServers.contains(ipServer)) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "The same downstream " + ipServer.interfaceName()
+                    + " should not start monitoring twice.");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (mMonitoringIpServers.isEmpty()) {
+            mConntrackMonitor.start();
+            mLog.i("Monitoring started");
+        }
+
+        mMonitoringIpServers.add(ipServer);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stop conntrack event monitoring.
+     * Note that this can be only called on handler thread.
+     */
+    public void stopMonitoring(@NonNull final IpServer ipServer) {
+        // TODO: Wrap conntrackMonitor stopping function into mBpfCoordinatorShim.
+        if (!isUsingBpf() || !mDeps.isAtLeastS()) return;
+
+        mMonitoringIpServers.remove(ipServer);
+
+        if (!mMonitoringIpServers.isEmpty()) return;
+
+        mConntrackMonitor.stop();
+        mLog.i("Monitoring stopped");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add forwarding rule. After adding the first rule on a given upstream, must add the data
+     * limit on the given upstream.
+     * Note that this can be only called on handler thread.
+     */
+    public void tetherOffloadRuleAdd(
+            @NonNull final IpServer ipServer, @NonNull final Ipv6ForwardingRule rule) {
+        if (!isUsingBpf()) return;
+
+        // TODO: Perhaps avoid to add a duplicate rule.
+        if (!mBpfCoordinatorShim.tetherOffloadRuleAdd(rule)) return;
+
+        if (!mIpv6ForwardingRules.containsKey(ipServer)) {
+            mIpv6ForwardingRules.put(ipServer, new LinkedHashMap<Inet6Address,
+                    Ipv6ForwardingRule>());
+        }
+        LinkedHashMap<Inet6Address, Ipv6ForwardingRule> rules = mIpv6ForwardingRules.get(ipServer);
+
+        // Add upstream and downstream interface index to dev map.
+        maybeAddDevMap(rule.upstreamIfindex, rule.downstreamIfindex);
+
+        // When the first rule is added to an upstream, setup upstream forwarding and data limit.
+        maybeSetLimit(rule.upstreamIfindex);
+
+        if (!isAnyRuleFromDownstreamToUpstream(rule.downstreamIfindex, rule.upstreamIfindex)) {
+            final int downstream = rule.downstreamIfindex;
+            final int upstream = rule.upstreamIfindex;
+            // TODO: support upstream forwarding on non-point-to-point interfaces.
+            // TODO: get the MTU from LinkProperties and update the rules when it changes.
+            if (!mBpfCoordinatorShim.startUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(downstream, upstream, rule.srcMac,
+                    NULL_MAC_ADDRESS, NULL_MAC_ADDRESS, NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_MTU)) {
+                mLog.e("Failed to enable upstream IPv6 forwarding from "
+                        + mInterfaceNames.get(downstream) + " to " + mInterfaceNames.get(upstream));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Must update the adding rule after calling #isAnyRuleOnUpstream because it needs to
+        // check if it is about adding a first rule for a given upstream.
+        rules.put(rule.address, rule);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove forwarding rule. After removing the last rule on a given upstream, must clear
+     * data limit, update the last tether stats and remove the tether stats in the BPF maps.
+     * Note that this can be only called on handler thread.
+     */
+    public void tetherOffloadRuleRemove(
+            @NonNull final IpServer ipServer, @NonNull final Ipv6ForwardingRule rule) {
+        if (!isUsingBpf()) return;
+
+        if (!mBpfCoordinatorShim.tetherOffloadRuleRemove(rule)) return;
+
+        LinkedHashMap<Inet6Address, Ipv6ForwardingRule> rules = mIpv6ForwardingRules.get(ipServer);
+        if (rules == null) return;
+
+        // Must remove rules before calling #isAnyRuleOnUpstream because it needs to check if
+        // the last rule is removed for a given upstream. If no rule is removed, return early.
+        // Avoid unnecessary work on a non-existent rule which may have never been added or
+        // removed already.
+        if (rules.remove(rule.address) == null) return;
+
+        // Remove the downstream entry if it has no more rule.
+        if (rules.isEmpty()) {
+            mIpv6ForwardingRules.remove(ipServer);
+        }
+
+        // If no more rules between this upstream and downstream, stop upstream forwarding.
+        if (!isAnyRuleFromDownstreamToUpstream(rule.downstreamIfindex, rule.upstreamIfindex)) {
+            final int downstream = rule.downstreamIfindex;
+            final int upstream = rule.upstreamIfindex;
+            if (!mBpfCoordinatorShim.stopUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(downstream, upstream,
+                    rule.srcMac)) {
+                mLog.e("Failed to disable upstream IPv6 forwarding from "
+                        + mInterfaceNames.get(downstream) + " to " + mInterfaceNames.get(upstream));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Do cleanup functionality if there is no more rule on the given upstream.
+        maybeClearLimit(rule.upstreamIfindex);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clear all forwarding rules for a given downstream.
+     * Note that this can be only called on handler thread.
+     * TODO: rename to tetherOffloadRuleClear6 because of IPv6 only.
+     */
+    public void tetherOffloadRuleClear(@NonNull final IpServer ipServer) {
+        if (!isUsingBpf()) return;
+
+        final LinkedHashMap<Inet6Address, Ipv6ForwardingRule> rules = mIpv6ForwardingRules.get(
+                ipServer);
+        if (rules == null) return;
+
+        // Need to build a rule list because the rule map may be changed in the iteration.
+        for (final Ipv6ForwardingRule rule : new ArrayList<Ipv6ForwardingRule>(rules.values())) {
+            tetherOffloadRuleRemove(ipServer, rule);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Update existing forwarding rules to new upstream for a given downstream.
+     * Note that this can be only called on handler thread.
+     */
+    public void tetherOffloadRuleUpdate(@NonNull final IpServer ipServer, int newUpstreamIfindex) {
+        if (!isUsingBpf()) return;
+
+        final LinkedHashMap<Inet6Address, Ipv6ForwardingRule> rules = mIpv6ForwardingRules.get(
+                ipServer);
+        if (rules == null) return;
+
+        // Need to build a rule list because the rule map may be changed in the iteration.
+        // First remove all the old rules, then add all the new rules. This is because the upstream
+        // forwarding code in tetherOffloadRuleAdd cannot support rules on two upstreams at the
+        // same time. Deleting the rules first ensures that upstream forwarding is disabled on the
+        // old upstream when the last rule is removed from it, and re-enabled on the new upstream
+        // when the first rule is added to it.
+        // TODO: Once the IPv6 client processing code has moved from IpServer to BpfCoordinator, do
+        // something smarter.
+        final ArrayList<Ipv6ForwardingRule> rulesCopy = new ArrayList<>(rules.values());
+        for (final Ipv6ForwardingRule rule : rulesCopy) {
+            // Remove the old rule before adding the new one because the map uses the same key for
+            // both rules. Reversing the processing order causes that the new rule is removed as
+            // unexpected.
+            // TODO: Add new rule first to reduce the latency which has no rule.
+            tetherOffloadRuleRemove(ipServer, rule);
+        }
+        for (final Ipv6ForwardingRule rule : rulesCopy) {
+            tetherOffloadRuleAdd(ipServer, rule.onNewUpstream(newUpstreamIfindex));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add upstream name to lookup table. The lookup table is used for tether stats interface name
+     * lookup because the netd only reports interface index in BPF tether stats but the service
+     * expects the interface name in NetworkStats object.
+     * Note that this can be only called on handler thread.
+     */
+    public void addUpstreamNameToLookupTable(int upstreamIfindex, @NonNull String upstreamIface) {
+        if (!isUsingBpf()) return;
+
+        if (upstreamIfindex == 0 || TextUtils.isEmpty(upstreamIface)) return;
+
+        if (isVcnInterface(upstreamIface)) return;
+
+        // The same interface index to name mapping may be added by different IpServer objects or
+        // re-added by reconnection on the same upstream interface. Ignore the duplicate one.
+        final String iface = mInterfaceNames.get(upstreamIfindex);
+        if (iface == null) {
+            mInterfaceNames.put(upstreamIfindex, upstreamIface);
+        } else if (!TextUtils.equals(iface, upstreamIface)) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "The upstream interface name " + upstreamIface
+                    + " is different from the existing interface name "
+                    + iface + " for index " + upstreamIfindex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add downstream client.
+     * Note that this can be only called on handler thread.
+     */
+    public void tetherOffloadClientAdd(@NonNull final IpServer ipServer,
+            @NonNull final ClientInfo client) {
+        if (!isUsingBpf()) return;
+
+        if (!mTetherClients.containsKey(ipServer)) {
+            mTetherClients.put(ipServer, new HashMap<Inet4Address, ClientInfo>());
+        }
+
+        HashMap<Inet4Address, ClientInfo> clients = mTetherClients.get(ipServer);
+        clients.put(client.clientAddress, client);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove a downstream client and its rules if any.
+     * Note that this can be only called on handler thread.
+     */
+    public void tetherOffloadClientRemove(@NonNull final IpServer ipServer,
+            @NonNull final ClientInfo client) {
+        if (!isUsingBpf()) return;
+
+        // No clients on the downstream, return early.
+        HashMap<Inet4Address, ClientInfo> clients = mTetherClients.get(ipServer);
+        if (clients == null) return;
+
+        // No client is removed, return early.
+        if (clients.remove(client.clientAddress) == null) return;
+
+        // Remove the client's rules. Removing the client implies that its rules are not used
+        // anymore.
+        tetherOffloadRuleClear(client);
+
+        // Remove the downstream entry if it has no more client.
+        if (clients.isEmpty()) {
+            mTetherClients.remove(ipServer);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clear all downstream clients and their rules if any.
+     * Note that this can be only called on handler thread.
+     */
+    public void tetherOffloadClientClear(@NonNull final IpServer ipServer) {
+        if (!isUsingBpf()) return;
+
+        final HashMap<Inet4Address, ClientInfo> clients = mTetherClients.get(ipServer);
+        if (clients == null) return;
+
+        // Need to build a client list because the client map may be changed in the iteration.
+        for (final ClientInfo c : new ArrayList<ClientInfo>(clients.values())) {
+            tetherOffloadClientRemove(ipServer, c);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clear all forwarding IPv4 rules for a given client.
+     * Note that this can be only called on handler thread.
+     */
+    private void tetherOffloadRuleClear(@NonNull final ClientInfo clientInfo) {
+        // TODO: consider removing the rules in #tetherOffloadRuleForEach once BpfMap#forEach
+        // can guarantee that deleting some pass-in rules in the BPF map iteration can still
+        // walk through every entry.
+        final Inet4Address clientAddr = clientInfo.clientAddress;
+        final Set<Integer> upstreamIndiceSet = new ArraySet<Integer>();
+        final Set<Tether4Key> deleteUpstreamRuleKeys = new ArraySet<Tether4Key>();
+        final Set<Tether4Key> deleteDownstreamRuleKeys = new ArraySet<Tether4Key>();
+
+        // Find the rules which are related with the given client.
+        mBpfCoordinatorShim.tetherOffloadRuleForEach(UPSTREAM, (k, v) -> {
+            if (Arrays.equals(k.src4, clientAddr.getAddress())) {
+                deleteUpstreamRuleKeys.add(k);
+            }
+        });
+        mBpfCoordinatorShim.tetherOffloadRuleForEach(DOWNSTREAM, (k, v) -> {
+            if (Arrays.equals(v.dst46, toIpv4MappedAddressBytes(clientAddr))) {
+                deleteDownstreamRuleKeys.add(k);
+                upstreamIndiceSet.add((int) k.iif);
+            }
+        });
+
+        // The rules should be paired on upstream and downstream map because they are added by
+        // conntrack events which have bidirectional information.
+        // TODO: Consider figuring out a way to fix. Probably delete all rules to fallback.
+        if (deleteUpstreamRuleKeys.size() != deleteDownstreamRuleKeys.size()) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "The deleting rule numbers are different on upstream4 and downstream4 ("
+                    + "upstream: " + deleteUpstreamRuleKeys.size() + ", "
+                    + "downstream: " + deleteDownstreamRuleKeys.size() + ").");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Delete the rules which are related with the given client.
+        for (final Tether4Key k : deleteUpstreamRuleKeys) {
+            mBpfCoordinatorShim.tetherOffloadRuleRemove(UPSTREAM, k);
+        }
+        for (final Tether4Key k : deleteDownstreamRuleKeys) {
+            mBpfCoordinatorShim.tetherOffloadRuleRemove(DOWNSTREAM, k);
+        }
+
+        // Cleanup each upstream interface by a set which avoids duplicated work on the same
+        // upstream interface. Cleaning up the same interface twice (or more) here may raise
+        // an exception because all related information were removed in the first deletion.
+        for (final int upstreamIndex : upstreamIndiceSet) {
+            maybeClearLimit(upstreamIndex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clear all forwarding IPv4 rules for a given downstream. Needed because the client may still
+     * connect on the downstream but the existing rules are not required anymore. Ex: upstream
+     * changed.
+     */
+    private void tetherOffloadRule4Clear(@NonNull final IpServer ipServer) {
+        if (!isUsingBpf()) return;
+
+        final HashMap<Inet4Address, ClientInfo> clients = mTetherClients.get(ipServer);
+        if (clients == null) return;
+
+        // The value should be unique as its key because currently the key was using from its
+        // client address of ClientInfo. See #tetherOffloadClientAdd.
+        for (final ClientInfo client : clients.values()) {
+            tetherOffloadRuleClear(client);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean isValidUpstreamIpv4Address(@NonNull final InetAddress addr) {
+        if (!(addr instanceof Inet4Address)) return false;
+        Inet4Address v4 = (Inet4Address) addr;
+        if (v4.isAnyLocalAddress() || v4.isLinkLocalAddress()
+                || v4.isLoopbackAddress() || v4.isMulticastAddress()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Call when UpstreamNetworkState may be changed.
+     * If upstream has ipv4 for tethering, update this new UpstreamNetworkState
+     * to BpfCoordinator for building upstream interface index mapping. Otherwise,
+     * clear the all existing rules if any.
+     *
+     * Note that this can be only called on handler thread.
+     */
+    public void updateUpstreamNetworkState(UpstreamNetworkState ns) {
+        if (!isUsingBpf()) return;
+
+        int upstreamIndex = 0;
+
+        // This will not work on a network that is using 464xlat because hasIpv4Address will not be
+        // true.
+        // TODO: need to consider 464xlat.
+        if (ns != null && ns.linkProperties != null && ns.linkProperties.hasIpv4Address()) {
+            // TODO: support ether ip upstream interface.
+            final String ifaceName = ns.linkProperties.getInterfaceName();
+            final InterfaceParams params = mDeps.getInterfaceParams(ifaceName);
+            final boolean isVcn = isVcnInterface(ifaceName);
+            if (!isVcn && params != null && !params.hasMacAddress /* raw ip upstream only */) {
+                upstreamIndex = params.index;
+            }
+        }
+        if (mLastIPv4UpstreamIfindex == upstreamIndex) return;
+
+        // Clear existing rules if upstream interface is changed. The existing rules should be
+        // cleared before upstream index mapping is cleared. It can avoid that ipServer or
+        // conntrack event may use the non-existing upstream interfeace index to build a removing
+        // key while removeing the rules. Can't notify each IpServer to clear the rules as
+        // IPv6TetheringCoordinator#updateUpstreamNetworkState because the IpServer may not
+        // handle the upstream changing notification before changing upstream index mapping.
+        if (mLastIPv4UpstreamIfindex != 0) {
+            // Clear all forwarding IPv4 rules for all downstreams.
+            for (final IpServer ipserver : mTetherClients.keySet()) {
+                tetherOffloadRule4Clear(ipserver);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Don't update mLastIPv4UpstreamIfindex before clearing existing rules if any. Need that
+        // to tell if it is required to clean the out-of-date rules.
+        mLastIPv4UpstreamIfindex = upstreamIndex;
+
+        // If link properties are valid, build the upstream information mapping. Otherwise, clear
+        // the upstream interface index mapping, to ensure that any conntrack events that arrive
+        // after the upstream is lost do not incorrectly add rules pointing at the upstream.
+        if (upstreamIndex == 0) {
+            mIpv4UpstreamIndices.clear();
+            return;
+        }
+        Collection<InetAddress> addresses = ns.linkProperties.getAddresses();
+        for (final InetAddress addr: addresses) {
+            if (isValidUpstreamIpv4Address(addr)) {
+                mIpv4UpstreamIndices.put((Inet4Address) addr, upstreamIndex);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Attach BPF program
+     *
+     * TODO: consider error handling if the attach program failed.
+     */
+    public void maybeAttachProgram(@NonNull String intIface, @NonNull String extIface) {
+        if (isVcnInterface(extIface)) return;
+
+        if (forwardingPairExists(intIface, extIface)) return;
+
+        boolean firstDownstreamForThisUpstream = !isAnyForwardingPairOnUpstream(extIface);
+        forwardingPairAdd(intIface, extIface);
+
+        mBpfCoordinatorShim.attachProgram(intIface, UPSTREAM);
+        // Attach if the upstream is the first time to be used in a forwarding pair.
+        if (firstDownstreamForThisUpstream) {
+            mBpfCoordinatorShim.attachProgram(extIface, DOWNSTREAM);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Detach BPF program
+     */
+    public void maybeDetachProgram(@NonNull String intIface, @NonNull String extIface) {
+        forwardingPairRemove(intIface, extIface);
+
+        // Detaching program may fail because the interface has been removed already.
+        mBpfCoordinatorShim.detachProgram(intIface);
+        // Detach if no more forwarding pair is using the upstream.
+        if (!isAnyForwardingPairOnUpstream(extIface)) {
+            mBpfCoordinatorShim.detachProgram(extIface);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // TODO: make mInterfaceNames accessible to the shim and move this code to there.
+    private String getIfName(long ifindex) {
+        return mInterfaceNames.get((int) ifindex, Long.toString(ifindex));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Dump information.
+     * Block the function until all the data are dumped on the handler thread or timed-out. The
+     * reason is that dumpsys invokes this function on the thread of caller and the data may only
+     * be allowed to be accessed on the handler thread.
+     */
+    public void dump(@NonNull IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
+        pw.println("mIsBpfEnabled: " + mIsBpfEnabled);
+        pw.println("Polling " + (mPollingStarted ? "started" : "not started"));
+        pw.println("Stats provider " + (mStatsProvider != null
+                ? "registered" : "not registered"));
+        pw.println("Upstream quota: " + mInterfaceQuotas.toString());
+        pw.println("Polling interval: " + getPollingInterval() + " ms");
+        pw.println("Bpf shim: " + mBpfCoordinatorShim.toString());
+
+        pw.println("Forwarding stats:");
+        pw.increaseIndent();
+        if (mStats.size() == 0) {
+            pw.println("<empty>");
+        } else {
+            dumpStats(pw);
+        }
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
+
+        pw.println("BPF stats:");
+        pw.increaseIndent();
+        dumpBpfStats(pw);
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
+        pw.println();
+
+        pw.println("Forwarding rules:");
+        pw.increaseIndent();
+        dumpIpv6UpstreamRules(pw);
+        dumpIpv6ForwardingRules(pw);
+        dumpIpv4ForwardingRules(pw);
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
+        pw.println();
+
+        pw.println("Device map:");
+        pw.increaseIndent();
+        dumpDevmap(pw);
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
+
+        pw.println("Client Information:");
+        pw.increaseIndent();
+        if (mTetherClients.isEmpty()) {
+            pw.println("<empty>");
+        } else {
+            pw.println(mTetherClients.toString());
+        }
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
+
+        pw.println("IPv4 Upstream Indices:");
+        pw.increaseIndent();
+        if (mIpv4UpstreamIndices.isEmpty()) {
+            pw.println("<empty>");
+        } else {
+            pw.println(mIpv4UpstreamIndices.toString());
+        }
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
+
+        pw.println();
+        pw.println("Forwarding counters:");
+        pw.increaseIndent();
+        dumpCounters(pw);
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
+    }
+
+    private void dumpStats(@NonNull IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < mStats.size(); i++) {
+            final int upstreamIfindex = mStats.keyAt(i);
+            final ForwardedStats stats = mStats.get(upstreamIfindex);
+            pw.println(String.format("%d(%s) - %s", upstreamIfindex, mInterfaceNames.get(
+                    upstreamIfindex), stats.toString()));
+        }
+    }
+    private void dumpBpfStats(@NonNull IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
+        try (BpfMap<TetherStatsKey, TetherStatsValue> map = mDeps.getBpfStatsMap()) {
+            if (map == null) {
+                pw.println("No BPF stats map");
+                return;
+            }
+            if (map.isEmpty()) {
+                pw.println("<empty>");
+            }
+            map.forEach((k, v) -> {
+                pw.println(String.format("%s: %s", k, v));
+            });
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            pw.println("Error dumping BPF stats map: " + e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void dumpIpv6ForwardingRules(@NonNull IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
+        if (mIpv6ForwardingRules.size() == 0) {
+            pw.println("No IPv6 rules");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        for (Map.Entry<IpServer, LinkedHashMap<Inet6Address, Ipv6ForwardingRule>> entry :
+                mIpv6ForwardingRules.entrySet()) {
+            IpServer ipServer = entry.getKey();
+            // The rule downstream interface index is paired with the interface name from
+            // IpServer#interfaceName. See #startIPv6, #updateIpv6ForwardingRules in IpServer.
+            final String downstreamIface = ipServer.interfaceName();
+            pw.println("[" + downstreamIface + "]: iif(iface) oif(iface) v6addr srcmac dstmac");
+
+            pw.increaseIndent();
+            LinkedHashMap<Inet6Address, Ipv6ForwardingRule> rules = entry.getValue();
+            for (Ipv6ForwardingRule rule : rules.values()) {
+                final int upstreamIfindex = rule.upstreamIfindex;
+                pw.println(String.format("%d(%s) %d(%s) %s %s %s", upstreamIfindex,
+                        mInterfaceNames.get(upstreamIfindex), rule.downstreamIfindex,
+                        downstreamIface, rule.address.getHostAddress(), rule.srcMac, rule.dstMac));
+            }
+            pw.decreaseIndent();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private String ipv6UpstreamRuletoString(TetherUpstream6Key key, Tether6Value value) {
+        return String.format("%d(%s) %s -> %d(%s) %04x %s %s",
+                key.iif, getIfName(key.iif), key.dstMac, value.oif, getIfName(value.oif),
+                value.ethProto, value.ethSrcMac, value.ethDstMac);
+    }
+
+    private void dumpIpv6UpstreamRules(IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
+        try (BpfMap<TetherUpstream6Key, Tether6Value> map = mDeps.getBpfUpstream6Map()) {
+            if (map == null) {
+                pw.println("No IPv6 upstream");
+                return;
+            }
+            if (map.isEmpty()) {
+                pw.println("No IPv6 upstream rules");
+                return;
+            }
+            map.forEach((k, v) -> pw.println(ipv6UpstreamRuletoString(k, v)));
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            pw.println("Error dumping IPv6 upstream map: " + e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private String ipv4RuleToBase64String(Tether4Key key, Tether4Value value) {
+        final byte[] keyBytes = key.writeToBytes();
+        final String keyBase64Str = Base64.encodeToString(keyBytes, Base64.DEFAULT)
+                .replace("\n", "");
+        final byte[] valueBytes = value.writeToBytes();
+        final String valueBase64Str = Base64.encodeToString(valueBytes, Base64.DEFAULT)
+                .replace("\n", "");
+
+        return keyBase64Str + DUMP_BASE64_DELIMITER + valueBase64Str;
+    }
+
+    private void dumpRawIpv4ForwardingRuleMap(
+            BpfMap<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> map, IndentingPrintWriter pw) throws ErrnoException {
+        if (map == null) {
+            pw.println("No IPv4 support");
+            return;
+        }
+        if (map.isEmpty()) {
+            pw.println("No rules");
+            return;
+        }
+        map.forEach((k, v) -> pw.println(ipv4RuleToBase64String(k, v)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Dump raw BPF map in base64 encoded strings. For test only.
+     */
+    public void dumpRawMap(@NonNull IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
+        try (BpfMap<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> upstreamMap = mDeps.getBpfUpstream4Map()) {
+            // TODO: dump downstream map.
+            dumpRawIpv4ForwardingRuleMap(upstreamMap, pw);
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            pw.println("Error dumping IPv4 map: " + e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private String l4protoToString(int proto) {
+        if (proto == OsConstants.IPPROTO_TCP) {
+            return "tcp";
+        } else if (proto == OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP) {
+            return "udp";
+        }
+        return String.format("unknown(%d)", proto);
+    }
+
+    private String ipv4RuleToString(long now, boolean downstream,
+            Tether4Key key, Tether4Value value) {
+        final String src4, public4, dst4;
+        final int publicPort;
+        try {
+            src4 = InetAddress.getByAddress(key.src4).getHostAddress();
+            if (downstream) {
+                public4 = InetAddress.getByAddress(key.dst4).getHostAddress();
+                publicPort = key.dstPort;
+            } else {
+                public4 = InetAddress.getByAddress(value.src46).getHostAddress();
+                publicPort = value.srcPort;
+            }
+            dst4 = InetAddress.getByAddress(value.dst46).getHostAddress();
+        } catch (UnknownHostException impossible) {
+            throw new AssertionError("IP address array not valid IPv4 address!");
+        }
+
+        final String ageStr = (value.lastUsed == 0) ? "-"
+                : String.format("%dms", (now - value.lastUsed) / 1_000_000);
+        return String.format("%s [%s] %d(%s) %s:%d -> %d(%s) %s:%d -> %s:%d [%s] %s",
+                l4protoToString(key.l4proto), key.dstMac, key.iif, getIfName(key.iif),
+                src4, key.srcPort, value.oif, getIfName(value.oif),
+                public4, publicPort, dst4, value.dstPort, value.ethDstMac, ageStr);
+    }
+
+    private void dumpIpv4ForwardingRuleMap(long now, boolean downstream,
+            BpfMap<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> map, IndentingPrintWriter pw) throws ErrnoException {
+        if (map == null) {
+            pw.println("No IPv4 support");
+            return;
+        }
+        if (map.isEmpty()) {
+            pw.println("No rules");
+            return;
+        }
+        map.forEach((k, v) -> pw.println(ipv4RuleToString(now, downstream, k, v)));
+    }
+
+    private void dumpIpv4ForwardingRules(IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
+        final long now = SystemClock.elapsedRealtimeNanos();
+
+        try (BpfMap<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> upstreamMap = mDeps.getBpfUpstream4Map();
+                BpfMap<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> downstreamMap = mDeps.getBpfDownstream4Map()) {
+            pw.println("IPv4 Upstream: proto [inDstMac] iif(iface) src -> nat -> "
+                    + "dst [outDstMac] age");
+            pw.increaseIndent();
+            dumpIpv4ForwardingRuleMap(now, UPSTREAM, upstreamMap, pw);
+            pw.decreaseIndent();
+
+            pw.println("IPv4 Downstream: proto [inDstMac] iif(iface) src -> nat -> "
+                    + "dst [outDstMac] age");
+            pw.increaseIndent();
+            dumpIpv4ForwardingRuleMap(now, DOWNSTREAM, downstreamMap, pw);
+            pw.decreaseIndent();
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            pw.println("Error dumping IPv4 map: " + e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void dumpCounters(@NonNull IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
+        if (!mDeps.isAtLeastS()) {
+            pw.println("No counter support");
+            return;
+        }
+        try (BpfMap<U32, U32> map = new BpfMap<>(TETHER_ERROR_MAP_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_RDONLY,
+                U32.class, U32.class)) {
+
+            map.forEach((k, v) -> {
+                String counterName;
+                try {
+                    counterName = sBpfCounterNames[(int) k.val];
+                } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+                    // Should never happen because this code gets the counter name from the same
+                    // include file as the BPF program that increments the counter.
+                    Log.wtf(TAG, "Unknown tethering counter type " + k.val);
+                    counterName = Long.toString(k.val);
+                }
+                if (v.val > 0) pw.println(String.format("%s: %d", counterName, v.val));
+            });
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            pw.println("Error dumping counter map: " + e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void dumpDevmap(@NonNull IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
+        try (BpfMap<TetherDevKey, TetherDevValue> map = mDeps.getBpfDevMap()) {
+            if (map == null) {
+                pw.println("No devmap support");
+                return;
+            }
+            if (map.isEmpty()) {
+                pw.println("<empty>");
+                return;
+            }
+            pw.println("ifindex (iface) -> ifindex (iface)");
+            pw.increaseIndent();
+            map.forEach((k, v) -> {
+                // Only get upstream interface name. Just do the best to make the index readable.
+                // TODO: get downstream interface name because the index is either upstream or
+                // downstream interface in dev map.
+                pw.println(String.format("%d (%s) -> %d (%s)", k.ifIndex, getIfName(k.ifIndex),
+                        v.ifIndex, getIfName(v.ifIndex)));
+            });
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            pw.println("Error dumping dev map: " + e);
+        }
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
+    }
+
+    /** IPv6 forwarding rule class. */
+    public static class Ipv6ForwardingRule {
+        // The upstream6 and downstream6 rules are built as the following tables. Only raw ip
+        // upstream interface is supported.
+        // TODO: support ether ip upstream interface.
+        //
+        // NAT network topology:
+        //
+        //         public network (rawip)                 private network
+        //                   |                 UE                |
+        // +------------+    V    +------------+------------+    V    +------------+
+        // |   Sever    +---------+  Upstream  | Downstream +---------+   Client   |
+        // +------------+         +------------+------------+         +------------+
+        //
+        // upstream6 key and value:
+        //
+        // +------+-------------+
+        // | TetherUpstream6Key |
+        // +------+------+------+
+        // |field |iif   |dstMac|
+        // |      |      |      |
+        // +------+------+------+
+        // |value |downst|downst|
+        // |      |ream  |ream  |
+        // +------+------+------+
+        //
+        // +------+----------------------------------+
+        // |      |Tether6Value                      |
+        // +------+------+------+------+------+------+
+        // |field |oif   |ethDst|ethSrc|ethPro|pmtu  |
+        // |      |      |mac   |mac   |to    |      |
+        // +------+------+------+------+------+------+
+        // |value |upstre|--    |--    |ETH_P_|1500  |
+        // |      |am    |      |      |IP    |      |
+        // +------+------+------+------+------+------+
+        //
+        // downstream6 key and value:
+        //
+        // +------+--------------------+
+        // |      |TetherDownstream6Key|
+        // +------+------+------+------+
+        // |field |iif   |dstMac|neigh6|
+        // |      |      |      |      |
+        // +------+------+------+------+
+        // |value |upstre|--    |client|
+        // |      |am    |      |      |
+        // +------+------+------+------+
+        //
+        // +------+----------------------------------+
+        // |      |Tether6Value                      |
+        // +------+------+------+------+------+------+
+        // |field |oif   |ethDst|ethSrc|ethPro|pmtu  |
+        // |      |      |mac   |mac   |to    |      |
+        // +------+------+------+------+------+------+
+        // |value |downst|client|downst|ETH_P_|1500  |
+        // |      |ream  |      |ream  |IP    |      |
+        // +------+------+------+------+------+------+
+        //
+        public final int upstreamIfindex;
+        public final int downstreamIfindex;
+
+        // TODO: store a ClientInfo object instead of storing address, srcMac, and dstMac directly.
+        @NonNull
+        public final Inet6Address address;
+        @NonNull
+        public final MacAddress srcMac;
+        @NonNull
+        public final MacAddress dstMac;
+
+        public Ipv6ForwardingRule(int upstreamIfindex, int downstreamIfIndex,
+                @NonNull Inet6Address address, @NonNull MacAddress srcMac,
+                @NonNull MacAddress dstMac) {
+            this.upstreamIfindex = upstreamIfindex;
+            this.downstreamIfindex = downstreamIfIndex;
+            this.address = address;
+            this.srcMac = srcMac;
+            this.dstMac = dstMac;
+        }
+
+        /** Return a new rule object which updates with new upstream index. */
+        @NonNull
+        public Ipv6ForwardingRule onNewUpstream(int newUpstreamIfindex) {
+            return new Ipv6ForwardingRule(newUpstreamIfindex, downstreamIfindex, address, srcMac,
+                    dstMac);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Don't manipulate TetherOffloadRuleParcel directly because implementing onNewUpstream()
+         * would be error-prone due to generated stable AIDL classes not having a copy constructor.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public TetherOffloadRuleParcel toTetherOffloadRuleParcel() {
+            final TetherOffloadRuleParcel parcel = new TetherOffloadRuleParcel();
+            parcel.inputInterfaceIndex = upstreamIfindex;
+            parcel.outputInterfaceIndex = downstreamIfindex;
+            parcel.destination = address.getAddress();
+            parcel.prefixLength = 128;
+            parcel.srcL2Address = srcMac.toByteArray();
+            parcel.dstL2Address = dstMac.toByteArray();
+            return parcel;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Return a TetherDownstream6Key object built from the rule.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public TetherDownstream6Key makeTetherDownstream6Key() {
+            return new TetherDownstream6Key(upstreamIfindex, NULL_MAC_ADDRESS,
+                    address.getAddress());
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Return a Tether6Value object built from the rule.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Tether6Value makeTether6Value() {
+            return new Tether6Value(downstreamIfindex, dstMac, srcMac, ETH_P_IPV6,
+                    NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_MTU);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean equals(Object o) {
+            if (!(o instanceof Ipv6ForwardingRule)) return false;
+            Ipv6ForwardingRule that = (Ipv6ForwardingRule) o;
+            return this.upstreamIfindex == that.upstreamIfindex
+                    && this.downstreamIfindex == that.downstreamIfindex
+                    && Objects.equals(this.address, that.address)
+                    && Objects.equals(this.srcMac, that.srcMac)
+                    && Objects.equals(this.dstMac, that.dstMac);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int hashCode() {
+            // TODO: if this is ever used in production code, don't pass ifindices
+            // to Objects.hash() to avoid autoboxing overhead.
+            return Objects.hash(upstreamIfindex, downstreamIfindex, address, srcMac, dstMac);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Tethering client information class. */
+    public static class ClientInfo {
+        public final int downstreamIfindex;
+
+        @NonNull
+        public final MacAddress downstreamMac;
+        @NonNull
+        public final Inet4Address clientAddress;
+        @NonNull
+        public final MacAddress clientMac;
+
+        public ClientInfo(int downstreamIfindex,
+                @NonNull MacAddress downstreamMac, @NonNull Inet4Address clientAddress,
+                @NonNull MacAddress clientMac) {
+            this.downstreamIfindex = downstreamIfindex;
+            this.downstreamMac = downstreamMac;
+            this.clientAddress = clientAddress;
+            this.clientMac = clientMac;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean equals(Object o) {
+            if (!(o instanceof ClientInfo)) return false;
+            ClientInfo that = (ClientInfo) o;
+            return this.downstreamIfindex == that.downstreamIfindex
+                    && Objects.equals(this.downstreamMac, that.downstreamMac)
+                    && Objects.equals(this.clientAddress, that.clientAddress)
+                    && Objects.equals(this.clientMac, that.clientMac);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int hashCode() {
+            return Objects.hash(downstreamIfindex, downstreamMac, clientAddress, clientMac);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return String.format("downstream: %d (%s), client: %s (%s)",
+                    downstreamIfindex, downstreamMac, clientAddress, clientMac);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A BPF tethering stats provider to provide network statistics to the system.
+     * Note that this class' data may only be accessed on the handler thread.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    class BpfTetherStatsProvider extends NetworkStatsProvider {
+        // The offloaded traffic statistics per interface that has not been reported since the
+        // last call to pushTetherStats. Only the interfaces that were ever tethering upstreams
+        // and has pending tether stats delta are included in this NetworkStats object.
+        private NetworkStats mIfaceStats = new NetworkStats(0L, 0);
+
+        // The same stats as above, but counts network stats per uid.
+        private NetworkStats mUidStats = new NetworkStats(0L, 0);
+
+        @Override
+        public void onRequestStatsUpdate(int token) {
+            mHandler.post(() -> pushTetherStats());
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onSetAlert(long quotaBytes) {
+            mHandler.post(() -> updateAlertQuota(quotaBytes));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onSetLimit(@NonNull String iface, long quotaBytes) {
+            if (quotaBytes < QUOTA_UNLIMITED) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("invalid quota value " + quotaBytes);
+            }
+
+            mHandler.post(() -> {
+                final Long curIfaceQuota = mInterfaceQuotas.get(iface);
+
+                if (null == curIfaceQuota && QUOTA_UNLIMITED == quotaBytes) return;
+
+                if (quotaBytes == QUOTA_UNLIMITED) {
+                    mInterfaceQuotas.remove(iface);
+                } else {
+                    mInterfaceQuotas.put(iface, quotaBytes);
+                }
+                maybeUpdateDataLimit(iface);
+            });
+        }
+
+        @VisibleForTesting
+        void pushTetherStats() {
+            try {
+                // The token is not used for now. See b/153606961.
+                notifyStatsUpdated(0 /* token */, mIfaceStats, mUidStats);
+
+                // Clear the accumulated tether stats delta after reported. Note that create a new
+                // empty object because NetworkStats#clear is @hide.
+                mIfaceStats = new NetworkStats(0L, 0);
+                mUidStats = new NetworkStats(0L, 0);
+            } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+                mLog.e("Cannot report network stats: ", e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void accumulateDiff(@NonNull NetworkStats ifaceDiff,
+                @NonNull NetworkStats uidDiff) {
+            mIfaceStats = mIfaceStats.add(ifaceDiff);
+            mUidStats = mUidStats.add(uidDiff);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    private ClientInfo getClientInfo(@NonNull Inet4Address clientAddress) {
+        for (HashMap<Inet4Address, ClientInfo> clients : mTetherClients.values()) {
+            for (ClientInfo client : clients.values()) {
+                if (clientAddress.equals(client.clientAddress)) {
+                    return client;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static byte[] toIpv4MappedAddressBytes(Inet4Address ia4) {
+        final byte[] addr4 = ia4.getAddress();
+        final byte[] addr6 = new byte[16];
+        addr6[10] = (byte) 0xff;
+        addr6[11] = (byte) 0xff;
+        addr6[12] = addr4[0];
+        addr6[13] = addr4[1];
+        addr6[14] = addr4[2];
+        addr6[15] = addr4[3];
+        return addr6;
+    }
+
+    // TODO: parse CTA_PROTOINFO of conntrack event in ConntrackMonitor. For TCP, only add rules
+    // while TCP status is established.
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    class BpfConntrackEventConsumer implements ConntrackEventConsumer {
+        // The upstream4 and downstream4 rules are built as the following tables. Only raw ip
+        // upstream interface is supported. Note that the field "lastUsed" is only updated by
+        // BPF program which records the last used time for a given rule.
+        // TODO: support ether ip upstream interface.
+        //
+        // NAT network topology:
+        //
+        //         public network (rawip)                 private network
+        //                   |                 UE                |
+        // +------------+    V    +------------+------------+    V    +------------+
+        // |   Sever    +---------+  Upstream  | Downstream +---------+   Client   |
+        // +------------+         +------------+------------+         +------------+
+        //
+        // upstream4 key and value:
+        //
+        // +------+------------------------------------------------+
+        // |      |      TetherUpstream4Key                        |
+        // +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
+        // |field |iif   |dstMac|l4prot|src4  |dst4  |srcPor|dstPor|
+        // |      |      |      |o     |      |      |t     |t     |
+        // +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
+        // |value |downst|downst|tcp/  |client|server|client|server|
+        // |      |ream  |ream  |udp   |      |      |      |      |
+        // +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
+        //
+        // +------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
+        // |      |      TetherUpstream4Value                                           |
+        // +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
+        // |field |oif   |ethDst|ethSrc|ethPro|pmtu  |src46 |dst46 |srcPor|dstPor|lastUs|
+        // |      |      |mac   |mac   |to    |      |      |      |t     |t     |ed    |
+        // +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
+        // |value |upstre|--    |--    |ETH_P_|1500  |upstre|server|upstre|server|--    |
+        // |      |am    |      |      |IP    |      |am    |      |am    |      |      |
+        // +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
+        //
+        // downstream4 key and value:
+        //
+        // +------+------------------------------------------------+
+        // |      |      TetherDownstream4Key                      |
+        // +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
+        // |field |iif   |dstMac|l4prot|src4  |dst4  |srcPor|dstPor|
+        // |      |      |      |o     |      |      |t     |t     |
+        // +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
+        // |value |upstre|--    |tcp/  |server|upstre|server|upstre|
+        // |      |am    |      |udp   |      |am    |      |am    |
+        // +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
+        //
+        // +------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
+        // |      |      TetherDownstream4Value                                         |
+        // +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
+        // |field |oif   |ethDst|ethSrc|ethPro|pmtu  |src46 |dst46 |srcPor|dstPor|lastUs|
+        // |      |      |mac   |mac   |to    |      |      |      |t     |t     |ed    |
+        // +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
+        // |value |downst|client|downst|ETH_P_|1500  |server|client|server|client|--    |
+        // |      |ream  |      |ream  |IP    |      |      |      |      |      |      |
+        // +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
+        //
+        @NonNull
+        private Tether4Key makeTetherUpstream4Key(
+                @NonNull ConntrackEvent e, @NonNull ClientInfo c) {
+            return new Tether4Key(c.downstreamIfindex, c.downstreamMac,
+                    e.tupleOrig.protoNum, e.tupleOrig.srcIp.getAddress(),
+                    e.tupleOrig.dstIp.getAddress(), e.tupleOrig.srcPort, e.tupleOrig.dstPort);
+        }
+
+        @NonNull
+        private Tether4Key makeTetherDownstream4Key(
+                @NonNull ConntrackEvent e, @NonNull ClientInfo c, int upstreamIndex) {
+            return new Tether4Key(upstreamIndex, NULL_MAC_ADDRESS /* dstMac (rawip) */,
+                    e.tupleReply.protoNum, e.tupleReply.srcIp.getAddress(),
+                    e.tupleReply.dstIp.getAddress(), e.tupleReply.srcPort, e.tupleReply.dstPort);
+        }
+
+        @NonNull
+        private Tether4Value makeTetherUpstream4Value(@NonNull ConntrackEvent e,
+                int upstreamIndex) {
+            return new Tether4Value(upstreamIndex,
+                    NULL_MAC_ADDRESS /* ethDstMac (rawip) */,
+                    NULL_MAC_ADDRESS /* ethSrcMac (rawip) */, ETH_P_IP,
+                    NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_MTU, toIpv4MappedAddressBytes(e.tupleReply.dstIp),
+                    toIpv4MappedAddressBytes(e.tupleReply.srcIp), e.tupleReply.dstPort,
+                    e.tupleReply.srcPort, 0 /* lastUsed, filled by bpf prog only */);
+        }
+
+        @NonNull
+        private Tether4Value makeTetherDownstream4Value(@NonNull ConntrackEvent e,
+                @NonNull ClientInfo c, int upstreamIndex) {
+            return new Tether4Value(c.downstreamIfindex,
+                    c.clientMac, c.downstreamMac, ETH_P_IP, NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_MTU,
+                    toIpv4MappedAddressBytes(e.tupleOrig.dstIp),
+                    toIpv4MappedAddressBytes(e.tupleOrig.srcIp),
+                    e.tupleOrig.dstPort, e.tupleOrig.srcPort,
+                    0 /* lastUsed, filled by bpf prog only */);
+        }
+
+        private boolean allowOffload(ConntrackEvent e) {
+            if (e.tupleOrig.protoNum != OsConstants.IPPROTO_TCP) return true;
+            return !CollectionUtils.contains(
+                    NON_OFFLOADED_UPSTREAM_IPV4_TCP_PORTS, e.tupleOrig.dstPort);
+        }
+
+        public void accept(ConntrackEvent e) {
+            if (!allowOffload(e)) return;
+
+            final ClientInfo tetherClient = getClientInfo(e.tupleOrig.srcIp);
+            if (tetherClient == null) return;
+
+            final Integer upstreamIndex = mIpv4UpstreamIndices.get(e.tupleReply.dstIp);
+            if (upstreamIndex == null) return;
+
+            final Tether4Key upstream4Key = makeTetherUpstream4Key(e, tetherClient);
+            final Tether4Key downstream4Key = makeTetherDownstream4Key(e, tetherClient,
+                    upstreamIndex);
+
+            if (e.msgType == (NetlinkConstants.NFNL_SUBSYS_CTNETLINK << 8
+                    | NetlinkConstants.IPCTNL_MSG_CT_DELETE)) {
+                final boolean deletedUpstream = mBpfCoordinatorShim.tetherOffloadRuleRemove(
+                        UPSTREAM, upstream4Key);
+                final boolean deletedDownstream = mBpfCoordinatorShim.tetherOffloadRuleRemove(
+                        DOWNSTREAM, downstream4Key);
+
+                if (!deletedUpstream && !deletedDownstream) {
+                    // The rules may have been already removed by losing client or losing upstream.
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                if (deletedUpstream != deletedDownstream) {
+                    Log.wtf(TAG, "The bidirectional rules should be removed concurrently ("
+                            + "upstream: " + deletedUpstream
+                            + ", downstream: " + deletedDownstream + ")");
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                maybeClearLimit(upstreamIndex);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            final Tether4Value upstream4Value = makeTetherUpstream4Value(e, upstreamIndex);
+            final Tether4Value downstream4Value = makeTetherDownstream4Value(e, tetherClient,
+                    upstreamIndex);
+
+            maybeAddDevMap(upstreamIndex, tetherClient.downstreamIfindex);
+            maybeSetLimit(upstreamIndex);
+            mBpfCoordinatorShim.tetherOffloadRuleAdd(UPSTREAM, upstream4Key, upstream4Value);
+            mBpfCoordinatorShim.tetherOffloadRuleAdd(DOWNSTREAM, downstream4Key, downstream4Value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean isBpfEnabled() {
+        final TetheringConfiguration config = mDeps.getTetherConfig();
+        return (config != null) ? config.isBpfOffloadEnabled() : true /* default value */;
+    }
+
+    private int getInterfaceIndexFromRules(@NonNull String ifName) {
+        for (LinkedHashMap<Inet6Address, Ipv6ForwardingRule> rules : mIpv6ForwardingRules
+                .values()) {
+            for (Ipv6ForwardingRule rule : rules.values()) {
+                final int upstreamIfindex = rule.upstreamIfindex;
+                if (TextUtils.equals(ifName, mInterfaceNames.get(upstreamIfindex))) {
+                    return upstreamIfindex;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    private long getQuotaBytes(@NonNull String iface) {
+        final Long limit = mInterfaceQuotas.get(iface);
+        final long quotaBytes = (limit != null) ? limit : QUOTA_UNLIMITED;
+
+        return quotaBytes;
+    }
+
+    private boolean sendDataLimitToBpfMap(int ifIndex, long quotaBytes) {
+        if (ifIndex == 0) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "Invalid interface index.");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return mBpfCoordinatorShim.tetherOffloadSetInterfaceQuota(ifIndex, quotaBytes);
+    }
+
+    // Handle the data limit update from the service which is the stats provider registered for.
+    private void maybeUpdateDataLimit(@NonNull String iface) {
+        // Set data limit only on a given upstream which has at least one rule. If we can't get
+        // an interface index for a given interface name, it means either there is no rule for
+        // a given upstream or the interface name is not an upstream which is monitored by the
+        // coordinator.
+        final int ifIndex = getInterfaceIndexFromRules(iface);
+        if (ifIndex == 0) return;
+
+        final long quotaBytes = getQuotaBytes(iface);
+        sendDataLimitToBpfMap(ifIndex, quotaBytes);
+    }
+
+    // Handle the data limit update while adding forwarding rules.
+    private boolean updateDataLimit(int ifIndex) {
+        final String iface = mInterfaceNames.get(ifIndex);
+        if (iface == null) {
+            mLog.e("Fail to get the interface name for index " + ifIndex);
+            return false;
+        }
+        final long quotaBytes = getQuotaBytes(iface);
+        return sendDataLimitToBpfMap(ifIndex, quotaBytes);
+    }
+
+    private void maybeSetLimit(int upstreamIfindex) {
+        if (isAnyRuleOnUpstream(upstreamIfindex)
+                || mBpfCoordinatorShim.isAnyIpv4RuleOnUpstream(upstreamIfindex)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // If failed to set a data limit, probably should not use this upstream, because
+        // the upstream may not want to blow through the data limit that was told to apply.
+        // TODO: Perhaps stop the coordinator.
+        boolean success = updateDataLimit(upstreamIfindex);
+        if (!success) {
+            final String iface = mInterfaceNames.get(upstreamIfindex);
+            mLog.e("Setting data limit for " + iface + " failed.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    // TODO: This should be also called while IpServer wants to clear all IPv4 rules. Relying on
+    // conntrack event can't cover this case.
+    private void maybeClearLimit(int upstreamIfindex) {
+        if (isAnyRuleOnUpstream(upstreamIfindex)
+                || mBpfCoordinatorShim.isAnyIpv4RuleOnUpstream(upstreamIfindex)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final TetherStatsValue statsValue =
+                mBpfCoordinatorShim.tetherOffloadGetAndClearStats(upstreamIfindex);
+        if (statsValue == null) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "Fail to cleanup tether stats for upstream index " + upstreamIfindex);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        SparseArray<TetherStatsValue> tetherStatsList = new SparseArray<TetherStatsValue>();
+        tetherStatsList.put(upstreamIfindex, statsValue);
+
+        // Update the last stats delta and delete the local cache for a given upstream.
+        updateQuotaAndStatsFromSnapshot(tetherStatsList);
+        mStats.remove(upstreamIfindex);
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Rename to isAnyIpv6RuleOnUpstream and define an isAnyRuleOnUpstream method that called
+    // both isAnyIpv6RuleOnUpstream and mBpfCoordinatorShim.isAnyIpv4RuleOnUpstream.
+    private boolean isAnyRuleOnUpstream(int upstreamIfindex) {
+        for (LinkedHashMap<Inet6Address, Ipv6ForwardingRule> rules : mIpv6ForwardingRules
+                .values()) {
+            for (Ipv6ForwardingRule rule : rules.values()) {
+                if (upstreamIfindex == rule.upstreamIfindex) return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isAnyRuleFromDownstreamToUpstream(int downstreamIfindex, int upstreamIfindex) {
+        for (LinkedHashMap<Inet6Address, Ipv6ForwardingRule> rules : mIpv6ForwardingRules
+                .values()) {
+            for (Ipv6ForwardingRule rule : rules.values()) {
+                if (downstreamIfindex == rule.downstreamIfindex
+                        && upstreamIfindex == rule.upstreamIfindex) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // TODO: remove the index from map while the interface has been removed because the map size
+    // is 64 entries. See packages\modules\Connectivity\Tethering\bpf_progs\offload.c.
+    private void maybeAddDevMap(int upstreamIfindex, int downstreamIfindex) {
+        for (Integer index : new Integer[] {upstreamIfindex, downstreamIfindex}) {
+            if (mDeviceMapSet.contains(index)) continue;
+            if (mBpfCoordinatorShim.addDevMap(index)) mDeviceMapSet.add(index);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void forwardingPairAdd(@NonNull String intIface, @NonNull String extIface) {
+        if (!mForwardingPairs.containsKey(extIface)) {
+            mForwardingPairs.put(extIface, new HashSet<String>());
+        }
+        mForwardingPairs.get(extIface).add(intIface);
+    }
+
+    private void forwardingPairRemove(@NonNull String intIface, @NonNull String extIface) {
+        HashSet<String> downstreams = mForwardingPairs.get(extIface);
+        if (downstreams == null) return;
+        if (!downstreams.remove(intIface)) return;
+
+        if (downstreams.isEmpty()) {
+            mForwardingPairs.remove(extIface);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean forwardingPairExists(@NonNull String intIface, @NonNull String extIface) {
+        if (!mForwardingPairs.containsKey(extIface)) return false;
+
+        return mForwardingPairs.get(extIface).contains(intIface);
+    }
+
+    private boolean isAnyForwardingPairOnUpstream(@NonNull String extIface) {
+        return mForwardingPairs.containsKey(extIface);
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    private NetworkStats buildNetworkStats(@NonNull StatsType type, int ifIndex,
+            @NonNull final ForwardedStats diff) {
+        NetworkStats stats = new NetworkStats(0L, 0);
+        final String iface = mInterfaceNames.get(ifIndex);
+        if (iface == null) {
+            // TODO: Use Log.wtf once the coordinator owns full control of tether stats from netd.
+            // For now, netd may add the empty stats for the upstream which is not monitored by
+            // the coordinator. Silently ignore it.
+            return stats;
+        }
+        final int uid = (type == StatsType.STATS_PER_UID) ? UID_TETHERING : UID_ALL;
+        // Note that the argument 'metered', 'roaming' and 'defaultNetwork' are not recorded for
+        // network stats snapshot. See NetworkStatsRecorder#recordSnapshotLocked.
+        return stats.addEntry(new Entry(iface, uid, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO,
+                ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, diff.rxBytes, diff.rxPackets,
+                diff.txBytes, diff.txPackets, 0L /* operations */));
+    }
+
+    private void updateAlertQuota(long newQuota) {
+        if (newQuota < QUOTA_UNLIMITED) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("invalid quota value " + newQuota);
+        }
+        if (mRemainingAlertQuota == newQuota) return;
+
+        mRemainingAlertQuota = newQuota;
+        if (mRemainingAlertQuota == 0) {
+            mLog.i("onAlertReached");
+            if (mStatsProvider != null) mStatsProvider.notifyAlertReached();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void updateQuotaAndStatsFromSnapshot(
+            @NonNull final SparseArray<TetherStatsValue> tetherStatsList) {
+        long usedAlertQuota = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < tetherStatsList.size(); i++) {
+            final Integer ifIndex = tetherStatsList.keyAt(i);
+            final TetherStatsValue tetherStats = tetherStatsList.valueAt(i);
+            final ForwardedStats curr = new ForwardedStats(tetherStats);
+            final ForwardedStats base = mStats.get(ifIndex);
+            final ForwardedStats diff = (base != null) ? curr.subtract(base) : curr;
+            usedAlertQuota += diff.rxBytes + diff.txBytes;
+
+            // Update the local cache for counting tether stats delta.
+            mStats.put(ifIndex, curr);
+
+            // Update the accumulated tether stats delta to the stats provider for the service
+            // querying.
+            if (mStatsProvider != null) {
+                try {
+                    mStatsProvider.accumulateDiff(
+                            buildNetworkStats(StatsType.STATS_PER_IFACE, ifIndex, diff),
+                            buildNetworkStats(StatsType.STATS_PER_UID, ifIndex, diff));
+                } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+                    Log.wtf(TAG, "Fail to update the accumulated stats delta for interface index "
+                            + ifIndex + " : ", e);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (mRemainingAlertQuota > 0 && usedAlertQuota > 0) {
+            // Trim to zero if overshoot.
+            final long newQuota = Math.max(mRemainingAlertQuota - usedAlertQuota, 0);
+            updateAlertQuota(newQuota);
+        }
+
+        // TODO: Count the used limit quota for notifying data limit reached.
+    }
+
+    private void updateForwardedStats() {
+        final SparseArray<TetherStatsValue> tetherStatsList =
+                mBpfCoordinatorShim.tetherOffloadGetStats();
+
+        if (tetherStatsList == null) {
+            mLog.e("Problem fetching tethering stats");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        updateQuotaAndStatsFromSnapshot(tetherStatsList);
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    int getPollingInterval() {
+        // The valid range of interval is DEFAULT_TETHER_OFFLOAD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS..max_long.
+        // Ignore the config value is less than the minimum polling interval. Note that the
+        // minimum interval definition is invoked as OffloadController#isPollingStatsNeeded does.
+        // TODO: Perhaps define a minimum polling interval constant.
+        final TetheringConfiguration config = mDeps.getTetherConfig();
+        final int configInterval = (config != null) ? config.getOffloadPollInterval() : 0;
+        return Math.max(DEFAULT_TETHER_OFFLOAD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS, configInterval);
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    private Inet4Address parseIPv4Address(byte[] addrBytes) {
+        try {
+            final InetAddress ia = Inet4Address.getByAddress(addrBytes);
+            if (ia instanceof Inet4Address) return (Inet4Address) ia;
+        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
+            mLog.e("Failed to parse IPv4 address: " + e);
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    // Update CTA_TUPLE_ORIG timeout for a given conntrack entry. Note that there will also be
+    // coming a conntrack event to notify updated timeout.
+    private void updateConntrackTimeout(byte proto, Inet4Address src4, short srcPort,
+            Inet4Address dst4, short dstPort) {
+        if (src4 == null || dst4 == null) {
+            mLog.e("Either source or destination IPv4 address is invalid ("
+                    + "proto: " + proto + ", "
+                    + "src4: " + src4 + ", "
+                    + "srcPort: " + Short.toUnsignedInt(srcPort) + ", "
+                    + "dst4: " + dst4 + ", "
+                    + "dstPort: " + Short.toUnsignedInt(dstPort) + ")");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // TODO: consider acquiring the timeout setting from nf_conntrack_* variables.
+        // - proc/sys/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established
+        // - proc/sys/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_udp_timeout_stream
+        // See kernel document nf_conntrack-sysctl.txt.
+        final int timeoutSec = (proto == OsConstants.IPPROTO_TCP)
+                ? NF_CONNTRACK_TCP_TIMEOUT_ESTABLISHED
+                : NF_CONNTRACK_UDP_TIMEOUT_STREAM;
+        final byte[] msg = ConntrackMessage.newIPv4TimeoutUpdateRequest(
+                proto, src4, (int) srcPort, dst4, (int) dstPort, timeoutSec);
+        try {
+            NetlinkSocket.sendOneShotKernelMessage(OsConstants.NETLINK_NETFILTER, msg);
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            // Lower the log level for the entry not existing. The conntrack entry may have been
+            // deleted and not handled by the conntrack event monitor yet. In other words, the
+            // rule has not been deleted from the BPF map yet. Deleting a non-existent entry may
+            // happen during the conntrack timeout refreshing iteration. Note that ENOENT may be
+            // a real error but is hard to distinguish.
+            // TODO: Figure out a better way to handle this.
+            final String errMsg = "Failed to update conntrack entry ("
+                    + "proto: " + proto + ", "
+                    + "src4: " + src4 + ", "
+                    + "srcPort: " + Short.toUnsignedInt(srcPort) + ", "
+                    + "dst4: " + dst4 + ", "
+                    + "dstPort: " + Short.toUnsignedInt(dstPort) + "), "
+                    + "msg: " + NetlinkConstants.hexify(msg) + ", "
+                    + "e: " + e;
+            if (OsConstants.ENOENT == e.errno) {
+                mLog.w(errMsg);
+            } else {
+                mLog.e(errMsg);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void refreshAllConntrackTimeouts() {
+        final long now = mDeps.elapsedRealtimeNanos();
+
+        // TODO: Consider ignoring TCP traffic on upstream and monitor on downstream only
+        // because TCP is a bidirectional traffic. Probably don't need to extend timeout by
+        // both directions for TCP.
+        mBpfCoordinatorShim.tetherOffloadRuleForEach(UPSTREAM, (k, v) -> {
+            if ((now - v.lastUsed) / 1_000_000 < CONNTRACK_TIMEOUT_UPDATE_INTERVAL_MS) {
+                updateConntrackTimeout((byte) k.l4proto,
+                        parseIPv4Address(k.src4), (short) k.srcPort,
+                        parseIPv4Address(k.dst4), (short) k.dstPort);
+            }
+        });
+
+        // Reverse the source and destination {address, port} from downstream value because
+        // #updateConntrackTimeout refresh the timeout of netlink attribute CTA_TUPLE_ORIG
+        // which is opposite direction for downstream map value.
+        mBpfCoordinatorShim.tetherOffloadRuleForEach(DOWNSTREAM, (k, v) -> {
+            if ((now - v.lastUsed) / 1_000_000 < CONNTRACK_TIMEOUT_UPDATE_INTERVAL_MS) {
+                updateConntrackTimeout((byte) k.l4proto,
+                        parseIPv4Address(v.dst46), (short) v.dstPort,
+                        parseIPv4Address(v.src46), (short) v.srcPort);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    private void maybeSchedulePollingStats() {
+        if (!mPollingStarted) return;
+
+        if (mHandler.hasCallbacks(mScheduledPollingStats)) {
+            mHandler.removeCallbacks(mScheduledPollingStats);
+        }
+
+        mHandler.postDelayed(mScheduledPollingStats, getPollingInterval());
+    }
+
+    private void maybeScheduleConntrackTimeoutUpdate() {
+        if (!mPollingStarted) return;
+
+        if (mHandler.hasCallbacks(mScheduledConntrackTimeoutUpdate)) {
+            mHandler.removeCallbacks(mScheduledConntrackTimeoutUpdate);
+        }
+
+        mHandler.postDelayed(mScheduledConntrackTimeoutUpdate,
+                CONNTRACK_TIMEOUT_UPDATE_INTERVAL_MS);
+    }
+
+    // Return forwarding rule map. This is used for testing only.
+    // Note that this can be only called on handler thread.
+    @NonNull
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    final HashMap<IpServer, LinkedHashMap<Inet6Address, Ipv6ForwardingRule>>
+            getForwardingRulesForTesting() {
+        return mIpv6ForwardingRules;
+    }
+
+    // Return upstream interface name map. This is used for testing only.
+    // Note that this can be only called on handler thread.
+    @NonNull
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    final SparseArray<String> getInterfaceNamesForTesting() {
+        return mInterfaceNames;
+    }
+
+    // Return BPF conntrack event consumer. This is used for testing only.
+    // Note that this can be only called on handler thread.
+    @NonNull
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    final BpfConntrackEventConsumer getBpfConntrackEventConsumerForTesting() {
+        return mBpfConntrackEventConsumer;
+    }
+
+    private static native String[] getBpfCounterNames();
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfUtils.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfUtils.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d2dfaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfUtils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+
+import static android.system.OsConstants.ETH_P_IP;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.ETH_P_IPV6;
+
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.TetheringUtils.getTetheringJniLibraryName;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.InterfaceParams;
+import com.android.net.module.util.TcUtils;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+/**
+ * The classes and the methods for BPF utilization.
+ *
+ * {@hide}
+ */
+public class BpfUtils {
+    static {
+        System.loadLibrary(getTetheringJniLibraryName());
+    }
+
+    // For better code clarity when used for 'bool ingress' parameter.
+    static final boolean EGRESS = false;
+    static final boolean INGRESS = true;
+
+    // For better code clarify when used for 'bool downstream' parameter.
+    //
+    // This is talking about the direction of travel of the offloaded packets.
+    //
+    // Upstream means packets heading towards the internet/uplink (upload),
+    // thus for tethering this is attached to ingress on the downstream interface,
+    // while for clat this is attached to egress on the v4-* clat interface.
+    //
+    // Downstream means packets coming from the internet/uplink (download), thus
+    // for both clat and tethering this is attached to ingress on the upstream interface.
+    static final boolean DOWNSTREAM = true;
+    static final boolean UPSTREAM = false;
+
+    // The priority of tether hooks - smaller is higher priority.
+    // TC tether is higher priority then TC clat to match XDP winning over TC.
+    // Sync from system/netd/server/TcUtils.h.
+    static final short PRIO_TETHER6 = 2;
+    static final short PRIO_TETHER4 = 3;
+    // note that the above must be lower than PRIO_CLAT from netd's OffloadUtils.cpp
+
+    private static String makeProgPath(boolean downstream, int ipVersion, boolean ether) {
+        String path = "/sys/fs/bpf/tethering/prog_offload_schedcls_tether_"
+                + (downstream ? "downstream" : "upstream")
+                + ipVersion + "_"
+                + (ether ? "ether" : "rawip");
+        return path;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Attach BPF program
+     *
+     * TODO: use interface index to replace interface name.
+     */
+    public static void attachProgram(@NonNull String iface, boolean downstream)
+            throws IOException {
+        final InterfaceParams params = InterfaceParams.getByName(iface);
+        if (params == null) {
+            throw new IOException("Fail to get interface params for interface " + iface);
+        }
+
+        boolean ether;
+        try {
+            ether = TcUtils.isEthernet(iface);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new IOException("isEthernet(" + params.index + "[" + iface + "]) failure: " + e);
+        }
+
+        try {
+            // tc filter add dev .. ingress prio 1 protocol ipv6 bpf object-pinned /sys/fs/bpf/...
+            // direct-action
+            TcUtils.tcFilterAddDevBpf(params.index, INGRESS, PRIO_TETHER6, (short) ETH_P_IPV6,
+                    makeProgPath(downstream, 6, ether));
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new IOException("tc filter add dev (" + params.index + "[" + iface
+                    + "]) ingress prio PRIO_TETHER6 protocol ipv6 failure: " + e);
+        }
+
+        try {
+            // tc filter add dev .. ingress prio 2 protocol ip bpf object-pinned /sys/fs/bpf/...
+            // direct-action
+            TcUtils.tcFilterAddDevBpf(params.index, INGRESS, PRIO_TETHER4, (short) ETH_P_IP,
+                    makeProgPath(downstream, 4, ether));
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new IOException("tc filter add dev (" + params.index + "[" + iface
+                    + "]) ingress prio PRIO_TETHER4 protocol ip failure: " + e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Detach BPF program
+     *
+     * TODO: use interface index to replace interface name.
+     */
+    public static void detachProgram(@NonNull String iface) throws IOException {
+        final InterfaceParams params = InterfaceParams.getByName(iface);
+        if (params == null) {
+            throw new IOException("Fail to get interface params for interface " + iface);
+        }
+
+        try {
+            // tc filter del dev .. ingress prio 1 protocol ipv6
+            TcUtils.tcFilterDelDev(params.index, INGRESS, PRIO_TETHER6, (short) ETH_P_IPV6);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new IOException("tc filter del dev (" + params.index + "[" + iface
+                    + "]) ingress prio PRIO_TETHER6 protocol ipv6 failure: " + e);
+        }
+
+        try {
+            // tc filter del dev .. ingress prio 2 protocol ip
+            TcUtils.tcFilterDelDev(params.index, INGRESS, PRIO_TETHER4, (short) ETH_P_IP);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new IOException("tc filter del dev (" + params.index + "[" + iface
+                    + "]) ingress prio PRIO_TETHER4 protocol ip failure: " + e);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/ConnectedClientsTracker.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/ConnectedClientsTracker.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a96988
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/ConnectedClientsTracker.java
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI;
+
+import android.net.MacAddress;
+import android.net.TetheredClient;
+import android.net.TetheredClient.AddressInfo;
+import android.net.ip.IpServer;
+import android.net.wifi.WifiClient;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+import androidx.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * Tracker for clients connected to downstreams.
+ *
+ * <p>This class is not thread safe, it is intended to be used only from the tethering handler
+ * thread.
+ */
+public class ConnectedClientsTracker {
+    private final Clock mClock;
+
+    @NonNull
+    private List<WifiClient> mLastWifiClients = Collections.emptyList();
+    @NonNull
+    private List<TetheredClient> mLastTetheredClients = Collections.emptyList();
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static class Clock {
+        public long elapsedRealtime() {
+            return SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public ConnectedClientsTracker() {
+        this(new Clock());
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    ConnectedClientsTracker(Clock clock) {
+        mClock = clock;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Update the tracker with new connected clients.
+     *
+     * <p>The new list can be obtained through {@link #getLastTetheredClients()}.
+     * @param ipServers The IpServers used to assign addresses to clients.
+     * @param wifiClients The list of L2-connected WiFi clients. Null for no change since last
+     *                    update.
+     * @return True if the list of clients changed since the last calculation.
+     */
+    public boolean updateConnectedClients(
+            Iterable<IpServer> ipServers, @Nullable List<WifiClient> wifiClients) {
+        final long now = mClock.elapsedRealtime();
+
+        if (wifiClients != null) {
+            mLastWifiClients = wifiClients;
+        }
+        final Set<MacAddress> wifiClientMacs = getClientMacs(mLastWifiClients);
+
+        // Build the list of non-expired leases from all IpServers, grouped by mac address
+        final Map<MacAddress, TetheredClient> clientsMap = new HashMap<>();
+        for (IpServer server : ipServers) {
+            for (TetheredClient client : server.getAllLeases()) {
+                if (client.getTetheringType() == TETHERING_WIFI
+                        && !wifiClientMacs.contains(client.getMacAddress())) {
+                    // Skip leases of WiFi clients that are not (or no longer) L2-connected
+                    continue;
+                }
+                final TetheredClient prunedClient = pruneExpired(client, now);
+                if (prunedClient == null) continue; // All addresses expired
+
+                addLease(clientsMap, prunedClient);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // TODO: add IPv6 addresses from netlink
+
+        // Add connected WiFi clients that do not have any known address
+        for (MacAddress client : wifiClientMacs) {
+            if (clientsMap.containsKey(client)) continue;
+            clientsMap.put(client, new TetheredClient(
+                    client, Collections.emptyList() /* addresses */, TETHERING_WIFI));
+        }
+
+        final HashSet<TetheredClient> clients = new HashSet<>(clientsMap.values());
+        final boolean clientsChanged = clients.size() != mLastTetheredClients.size()
+                || !clients.containsAll(mLastTetheredClients);
+        mLastTetheredClients = Collections.unmodifiableList(new ArrayList<>(clients));
+        return clientsChanged;
+    }
+
+    private static void addLease(Map<MacAddress, TetheredClient> clientsMap, TetheredClient lease) {
+        final TetheredClient aggregateClient = clientsMap.getOrDefault(
+                lease.getMacAddress(), lease);
+        if (aggregateClient == lease) {
+            // This is the first lease with this mac address
+            clientsMap.put(lease.getMacAddress(), lease);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Only add the address info; this assumes that the tethering type is the same when the mac
+        // address is the same. If a client is connected through different tethering types with the
+        // same mac address, connected clients callbacks will report all of its addresses under only
+        // one of these tethering types. This keeps the API simple considering that such a scenario
+        // would really be a rare edge case.
+        clientsMap.put(lease.getMacAddress(), aggregateClient.addAddresses(lease));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the last list of tethered clients, as calculated in {@link #updateConnectedClients}.
+     *
+     * <p>The returned list is immutable.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public List<TetheredClient> getLastTetheredClients() {
+        return mLastTetheredClients;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean hasExpiredAddress(List<AddressInfo> addresses, long now) {
+        for (AddressInfo info : addresses) {
+            if (info.getExpirationTime() <= now) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    private static TetheredClient pruneExpired(TetheredClient client, long now) {
+        final List<AddressInfo> addresses = client.getAddresses();
+        if (addresses.size() == 0) return null;
+        if (!hasExpiredAddress(addresses, now)) return client;
+
+        final ArrayList<AddressInfo> newAddrs = new ArrayList<>(addresses.size() - 1);
+        for (AddressInfo info : addresses) {
+            if (info.getExpirationTime() > now) {
+                newAddrs.add(info);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (newAddrs.size() == 0) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return new TetheredClient(client.getMacAddress(), newAddrs, client.getTetheringType());
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    private static Set<MacAddress> getClientMacs(@NonNull List<WifiClient> clients) {
+        final Set<MacAddress> macs = new HashSet<>(clients.size());
+        for (WifiClient c : clients) {
+            macs.add(c.getMacAddress());
+        }
+        return macs;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/EntitlementManager.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/EntitlementManager.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..844efde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/EntitlementManager.java
@@ -0,0 +1,750 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.GET_ACTIVITIES;
+import static android.net.TetheringConstants.EXTRA_ADD_TETHER_TYPE;
+import static android.net.TetheringConstants.EXTRA_PROVISION_CALLBACK;
+import static android.net.TetheringConstants.EXTRA_RUN_PROVISION;
+import static android.net.TetheringConstants.EXTRA_TETHER_PROVISIONING_RESPONSE;
+import static android.net.TetheringConstants.EXTRA_TETHER_SILENT_PROVISIONING_ACTION;
+import static android.net.TetheringConstants.EXTRA_TETHER_SUBID;
+import static android.net.TetheringConstants.EXTRA_TETHER_UI_PROVISIONING_APP_NAME;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_BLUETOOTH;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_ETHERNET;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_INVALID;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_USB;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKNOWN;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED;
+
+import static com.android.networkstack.apishim.ConstantsShim.ACTION_TETHER_UNSUPPORTED_CARRIER_UI;
+import static com.android.networkstack.apishim.ConstantsShim.KEY_CARRIER_SUPPORTS_TETHERING_BOOL;
+
+import android.app.AlarmManager;
+import android.app.PendingIntent;
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
+import android.content.ComponentName;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.IntentFilter;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.net.util.SharedLog;
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.PersistableBundle;
+import android.os.ResultReceiver;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+import android.os.SystemProperties;
+import android.provider.Settings;
+import android.telephony.CarrierConfigManager;
+import android.util.SparseIntArray;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.util.BitSet;
+
+/**
+ * Re-check tethering provisioning for enabled downstream tether types.
+ * Reference TetheringManager.TETHERING_{@code *} for each tether type.
+ *
+ * All methods of this class must be accessed from the thread of tethering
+ * state machine.
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class EntitlementManager {
+    private static final String TAG = EntitlementManager.class.getSimpleName();
+    private static final boolean DBG = false;
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected static final String DISABLE_PROVISIONING_SYSPROP_KEY = "net.tethering.noprovisioning";
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected static final String ACTION_PROVISIONING_ALARM =
+            "com.android.networkstack.tethering.PROVISIONING_RECHECK_ALARM";
+
+    // Indicate tether provisioning is not required by carrier.
+    private static final int TETHERING_PROVISIONING_REQUIRED = 1000;
+    // Indicate tether provisioning is required by carrier.
+    private static final int TETHERING_PROVISIONING_NOT_REQUIRED = 1001;
+    // Indicate tethering is not supported by carrier.
+    private static final int TETHERING_PROVISIONING_CARRIER_UNSUPPORT = 1002;
+
+    private final ComponentName mSilentProvisioningService;
+    private static final int MS_PER_HOUR = 60 * 60 * 1000;
+    private static final int DUMP_TIMEOUT = 10_000;
+
+    // The BitSet is the bit map of each enabled downstream types, ex:
+    // {@link TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI}
+    // {@link TetheringManager.TETHERING_USB}
+    // {@link TetheringManager.TETHERING_BLUETOOTH}
+    private final BitSet mCurrentDownstreams;
+    private final BitSet mExemptedDownstreams;
+    private final Context mContext;
+    private final SharedLog mLog;
+    private final SparseIntArray mEntitlementCacheValue;
+    private final Handler mHandler;
+    // Key: TetheringManager.TETHERING_*(downstream).
+    // Value: TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_{NO_ERROR or PROVISION_FAILED}(provisioning result).
+    private final SparseIntArray mCurrentEntitlementResults;
+    private final Runnable mPermissionChangeCallback;
+    private PendingIntent mProvisioningRecheckAlarm;
+    private boolean mLastCellularUpstreamPermitted = true;
+    private boolean mUsingCellularAsUpstream = false;
+    private boolean mNeedReRunProvisioningUi = false;
+    private OnTetherProvisioningFailedListener mListener;
+    private TetheringConfigurationFetcher mFetcher;
+
+    public EntitlementManager(Context ctx, Handler h, SharedLog log,
+            Runnable callback) {
+        mContext = ctx;
+        mLog = log.forSubComponent(TAG);
+        mCurrentDownstreams = new BitSet();
+        mExemptedDownstreams = new BitSet();
+        mCurrentEntitlementResults = new SparseIntArray();
+        mEntitlementCacheValue = new SparseIntArray();
+        mPermissionChangeCallback = callback;
+        mHandler = h;
+        mContext.registerReceiver(mReceiver, new IntentFilter(ACTION_PROVISIONING_ALARM),
+                null, mHandler);
+        mSilentProvisioningService = ComponentName.unflattenFromString(
+                mContext.getResources().getString(R.string.config_wifi_tether_enable));
+    }
+
+    public void setOnTetherProvisioningFailedListener(
+            final OnTetherProvisioningFailedListener listener) {
+        mListener = listener;
+    }
+
+    /** Callback fired when UI entitlement failed. */
+    public interface OnTetherProvisioningFailedListener {
+        /**
+         * Ui entitlement check fails in |downstream|.
+         *
+         * @param downstream tethering type from TetheringManager.TETHERING_{@code *}.
+         * @param reason Failed reason.
+         */
+        void onTetherProvisioningFailed(int downstream, String reason);
+    }
+
+    public void setTetheringConfigurationFetcher(final TetheringConfigurationFetcher fetcher) {
+        mFetcher = fetcher;
+    }
+
+    /** Interface to fetch TetheringConfiguration. */
+    public interface TetheringConfigurationFetcher {
+        /**
+         * Fetch current tethering configuration. This will be called to ensure whether entitlement
+         * check is needed.
+         * @return TetheringConfiguration instance.
+         */
+        TetheringConfiguration fetchTetheringConfiguration();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if cellular upstream is permitted.
+     */
+    public boolean isCellularUpstreamPermitted() {
+        final TetheringConfiguration config = mFetcher.fetchTetheringConfiguration();
+
+        return isCellularUpstreamPermitted(config);
+    }
+
+    private boolean isCellularUpstreamPermitted(final TetheringConfiguration config) {
+        // If #getTetherProvisioningCondition return TETHERING_PROVISIONING_CARRIER_UNSUPPORT,
+        // that means cellular upstream is not supported and entitlement check result is empty
+        // because entitlement check should not be run.
+        if (!isTetherProvisioningRequired(config)) return true;
+
+        // If provisioning is required and EntitlementManager doesn't know any downstreams, cellular
+        // upstream should not be enabled. Enable cellular upstream for exempted downstreams only
+        // when there is no non-exempted downstream.
+        if (mCurrentDownstreams.isEmpty()) return !mExemptedDownstreams.isEmpty();
+
+        return mCurrentEntitlementResults.indexOfValue(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR) > -1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set exempted downstream type. If there is only exempted downstream type active,
+     * corresponding entitlement check will not be run and cellular upstream will be permitted
+     * by default. If a privileged app enables tethering without a provisioning check, and then
+     * another app enables tethering of the same type but does not disable the provisioning check,
+     * then the downstream immediately loses exempt status and a provisioning check is run.
+     * If any non-exempted downstream type is active, the cellular upstream will be gated by the
+     * result of entitlement check from non-exempted downstreams. If entitlement check is still
+     * in progress on non-exempt downstreams, ceullar upstream would default be disabled. When any
+     * non-exempted downstream gets positive entitlement result, ceullar upstream will be enabled.
+     */
+    public void setExemptedDownstreamType(final int type) {
+        mExemptedDownstreams.set(type, true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This is called when tethering starts.
+     * Launch provisioning app if upstream is cellular.
+     *
+     * @param downstreamType tethering type from TetheringManager.TETHERING_{@code *}
+     * @param showProvisioningUi a boolean indicating whether to show the
+     *        provisioning app UI if there is one.
+     */
+    public void startProvisioningIfNeeded(int downstreamType, boolean showProvisioningUi) {
+        if (!isValidDownstreamType(downstreamType)) return;
+
+        mCurrentDownstreams.set(downstreamType, true);
+
+        mExemptedDownstreams.set(downstreamType, false);
+
+        final TetheringConfiguration config = mFetcher.fetchTetheringConfiguration();
+        if (!isTetherProvisioningRequired(config)) return;
+
+        // If upstream is not cellular, provisioning app would not be launched
+        // till upstream change to cellular.
+        if (mUsingCellularAsUpstream) {
+            runTetheringProvisioning(showProvisioningUi, downstreamType, config);
+            mNeedReRunProvisioningUi = false;
+        } else {
+            mNeedReRunProvisioningUi |= showProvisioningUi;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tell EntitlementManager that a given type of tethering has been disabled
+     *
+     * @param type tethering type from TetheringManager.TETHERING_{@code *}
+     */
+    public void stopProvisioningIfNeeded(int downstreamType) {
+        if (!isValidDownstreamType(downstreamType)) return;
+
+        mCurrentDownstreams.set(downstreamType, false);
+        // There are lurking bugs where the notion of "provisioning required" or
+        // "tethering supported" may change without without tethering being notified properly.
+        // Remove the mapping all the time no matter provisioning is required or not.
+        removeDownstreamMapping(downstreamType);
+        mExemptedDownstreams.set(downstreamType, false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Notify EntitlementManager if upstream is cellular or not.
+     *
+     * @param isCellular whether tethering upstream is cellular.
+     */
+    public void notifyUpstream(boolean isCellular) {
+        if (DBG) {
+            mLog.i("notifyUpstream: " + isCellular
+                    + ", mLastCellularUpstreamPermitted: " + mLastCellularUpstreamPermitted
+                    + ", mNeedReRunProvisioningUi: " + mNeedReRunProvisioningUi);
+        }
+        mUsingCellularAsUpstream = isCellular;
+
+        if (mUsingCellularAsUpstream) {
+            final TetheringConfiguration config = mFetcher.fetchTetheringConfiguration();
+            maybeRunProvisioning(config);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Run provisioning if needed */
+    public void maybeRunProvisioning() {
+        final TetheringConfiguration config = mFetcher.fetchTetheringConfiguration();
+        maybeRunProvisioning(config);
+    }
+
+    private void maybeRunProvisioning(final TetheringConfiguration config) {
+        if (mCurrentDownstreams.isEmpty() || !isTetherProvisioningRequired(config)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Whenever any entitlement value changes, all downstreams will re-evaluate whether they
+        // are allowed. Therefore even if the silent check here ends in a failure and the UI later
+        // yields success, then the downstream that got a failure will re-evaluate as a result of
+        // the change and get the new correct value.
+        for (int downstream = mCurrentDownstreams.nextSetBit(0); downstream >= 0;
+                downstream = mCurrentDownstreams.nextSetBit(downstream + 1)) {
+            // If tethering provisioning is required but entitlement check result is empty,
+            // this means tethering may need to run entitlement check or carrier network
+            // is not supported.
+            if (mCurrentEntitlementResults.indexOfKey(downstream) < 0) {
+                runTetheringProvisioning(mNeedReRunProvisioningUi, downstream, config);
+                mNeedReRunProvisioningUi = false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tether provisioning has these conditions to control provisioning behavior.
+     *  1st priority : Uses system property to disable any provisioning behavior.
+     *  2nd priority : Uses {@code CarrierConfigManager#KEY_CARRIER_SUPPORTS_TETHERING_BOOL} to
+     *                 decide current carrier support cellular upstream tethering or not.
+     *                 If value is true, it means check follow up condition to know whether
+     *                 provisioning is required.
+     *                 If value is false, it means tethering could not use cellular as upstream.
+     *  3rd priority : Uses {@code CarrierConfigManager#KEY_REQUIRE_ENTITLEMENT_CHECKS_BOOL} to
+     *                 decide current carrier require the provisioning.
+     *  4th priority : Checks whether provisioning is required from RRO configuration.
+     *
+     * @param config
+     * @return integer {@see #TETHERING_PROVISIONING_NOT_REQUIRED,
+     *                 #TETHERING_PROVISIONING_REQUIRED,
+     *                 #TETHERING_PROVISIONING_CARRIER_UNSUPPORT}
+     */
+    private int getTetherProvisioningCondition(final TetheringConfiguration config) {
+        if (SystemProperties.getBoolean(DISABLE_PROVISIONING_SYSPROP_KEY, false)) {
+            return TETHERING_PROVISIONING_NOT_REQUIRED;
+        }
+        // TODO: Find a way to avoid get carrier config twice.
+        if (carrierConfigAffirmsCarrierNotSupport(config)) {
+            // To block tethering, behave as if running provisioning check and failed.
+            return TETHERING_PROVISIONING_CARRIER_UNSUPPORT;
+        }
+
+        if (carrierConfigAffirmsEntitlementCheckNotRequired(config)) {
+            return TETHERING_PROVISIONING_NOT_REQUIRED;
+        }
+        return (config.provisioningApp.length == 2)
+                ? TETHERING_PROVISIONING_REQUIRED : TETHERING_PROVISIONING_NOT_REQUIRED;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if the device requires a provisioning check in order to enable tethering.
+     *
+     * @param config an object that encapsulates the various tethering configuration elements.
+     * @return a boolean - {@code true} indicating tether provisioning is required by the carrier.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected boolean isTetherProvisioningRequired(final TetheringConfiguration config) {
+        return getTetherProvisioningCondition(config) != TETHERING_PROVISIONING_NOT_REQUIRED;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Confirms the need of tethering provisioning but no entitlement package exists.
+     */
+    public boolean isProvisioningNeededButUnavailable() {
+        final TetheringConfiguration config = mFetcher.fetchTetheringConfiguration();
+        return getTetherProvisioningCondition(config) == TETHERING_PROVISIONING_REQUIRED
+                && !doesEntitlementPackageExist(config);
+    }
+
+    private boolean doesEntitlementPackageExist(final TetheringConfiguration config) {
+        final PackageManager pm = mContext.getPackageManager();
+        try {
+            pm.getPackageInfo(config.provisioningApp[0], GET_ACTIVITIES);
+        } catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Re-check tethering provisioning for all enabled tether types.
+     * Reference TetheringManager.TETHERING_{@code *} for each tether type.
+     *
+     * @param config an object that encapsulates the various tethering configuration elements.
+     * Note: this method is only called from @{link Tethering.TetherMainSM} on the handler thread.
+     * If there are new callers from different threads, the logic should move to
+     * @{link Tethering.TetherMainSM} handler to avoid race conditions.
+     */
+    public void reevaluateSimCardProvisioning(final TetheringConfiguration config) {
+        if (DBG) mLog.i("reevaluateSimCardProvisioning");
+
+        if (!mHandler.getLooper().isCurrentThread()) {
+            // Except for test, this log should not appear in normal flow.
+            mLog.log("reevaluateSimCardProvisioning() don't run in TetherMainSM thread");
+        }
+        mEntitlementCacheValue.clear();
+        mCurrentEntitlementResults.clear();
+
+        if (!isTetherProvisioningRequired(config)) {
+            evaluateCellularPermission(config);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (mUsingCellularAsUpstream) {
+            maybeRunProvisioning(config);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get carrier configuration bundle.
+     * @param config an object that encapsulates the various tethering configuration elements.
+     * */
+    public PersistableBundle getCarrierConfig(final TetheringConfiguration config) {
+        final CarrierConfigManager configManager = mContext
+                .getSystemService(CarrierConfigManager.class);
+        if (configManager == null) return null;
+
+        final PersistableBundle carrierConfig = configManager.getConfigForSubId(
+                config.activeDataSubId);
+
+        if (CarrierConfigManager.isConfigForIdentifiedCarrier(carrierConfig)) {
+            return carrierConfig;
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    // The logic here is aimed solely at confirming that a CarrierConfig exists
+    // and affirms that entitlement checks are not required.
+    //
+    // TODO: find a better way to express this, or alter the checking process
+    // entirely so that this is more intuitive.
+    // TODO: Find a way to avoid using getCarrierConfig everytime.
+    private boolean carrierConfigAffirmsEntitlementCheckNotRequired(
+            final TetheringConfiguration config) {
+        // Check carrier config for entitlement checks
+        final PersistableBundle carrierConfig = getCarrierConfig(config);
+        if (carrierConfig == null) return false;
+
+        // A CarrierConfigManager was found and it has a config.
+        final boolean isEntitlementCheckRequired = carrierConfig.getBoolean(
+                CarrierConfigManager.KEY_REQUIRE_ENTITLEMENT_CHECKS_BOOL);
+        return !isEntitlementCheckRequired;
+    }
+
+    private boolean carrierConfigAffirmsCarrierNotSupport(final TetheringConfiguration config) {
+        if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // Check carrier config for entitlement checks
+        final PersistableBundle carrierConfig = getCarrierConfig(config);
+        if (carrierConfig == null) return false;
+
+        // A CarrierConfigManager was found and it has a config.
+        final boolean mIsCarrierSupport = carrierConfig.getBoolean(
+                KEY_CARRIER_SUPPORTS_TETHERING_BOOL, true);
+        return !mIsCarrierSupport;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Run no UI tethering provisioning check.
+     * @param type tethering type from TetheringManager.TETHERING_{@code *}
+     * @param subId default data subscription ID.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected Intent runSilentTetherProvisioning(
+            int type, final TetheringConfiguration config, ResultReceiver receiver) {
+        if (DBG) mLog.i("runSilentTetherProvisioning: " + type);
+
+        Intent intent = new Intent();
+        intent.putExtra(EXTRA_ADD_TETHER_TYPE, type);
+        intent.putExtra(EXTRA_RUN_PROVISION, true);
+        intent.putExtra(EXTRA_TETHER_SILENT_PROVISIONING_ACTION, config.provisioningAppNoUi);
+        intent.putExtra(EXTRA_TETHER_PROVISIONING_RESPONSE, config.provisioningResponse);
+        intent.putExtra(EXTRA_PROVISION_CALLBACK, receiver);
+        intent.putExtra(EXTRA_TETHER_SUBID, config.activeDataSubId);
+        intent.setComponent(mSilentProvisioningService);
+        // Only admin user can change tethering and SilentTetherProvisioning don't need to
+        // show UI, it is fine to always start setting's background service as system user.
+        mContext.startService(intent);
+        return intent;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Run the UI-enabled tethering provisioning check.
+     * @param type tethering type from TetheringManager.TETHERING_{@code *}
+     * @param subId default data subscription ID.
+     * @param receiver to receive entitlement check result.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected Intent runUiTetherProvisioning(int type, final TetheringConfiguration config,
+            ResultReceiver receiver) {
+        if (DBG) mLog.i("runUiTetherProvisioning: " + type);
+
+        Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_TETHER_PROVISIONING_UI);
+        intent.putExtra(EXTRA_ADD_TETHER_TYPE, type);
+        intent.putExtra(EXTRA_TETHER_UI_PROVISIONING_APP_NAME, config.provisioningApp);
+        intent.putExtra(EXTRA_PROVISION_CALLBACK, receiver);
+        intent.putExtra(EXTRA_TETHER_SUBID, config.activeDataSubId);
+        intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
+        // Only launch entitlement UI for system user. Entitlement UI should not appear for other
+        // user because only admin user is allowed to change tethering.
+        mContext.startActivity(intent);
+        return intent;
+    }
+
+    private void runTetheringProvisioning(
+            boolean showProvisioningUi, int downstreamType, final TetheringConfiguration config) {
+        if (carrierConfigAffirmsCarrierNotSupport(config)) {
+            mListener.onTetherProvisioningFailed(downstreamType, "Carrier does not support.");
+            if (showProvisioningUi) {
+                showCarrierUnsupportedDialog();
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        ResultReceiver receiver =
+                buildProxyReceiver(downstreamType, showProvisioningUi/* notifyFail */, null);
+        if (showProvisioningUi) {
+            runUiTetherProvisioning(downstreamType, config, receiver);
+        } else {
+            runSilentTetherProvisioning(downstreamType, config, receiver);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void showCarrierUnsupportedDialog() {
+        // This is only used when carrierConfigAffirmsCarrierNotSupport() is true.
+        if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        Intent intent = new Intent(ACTION_TETHER_UNSUPPORTED_CARRIER_UI);
+        intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
+        mContext.startActivity(intent);
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    PendingIntent createRecheckAlarmIntent() {
+        final Intent intent = new Intent(ACTION_PROVISIONING_ALARM);
+        return PendingIntent.getBroadcast(mContext, 0, intent, PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
+    }
+
+    // Not needed to check if this don't run on the handler thread because it's private.
+    private void scheduleProvisioningRecheck(final TetheringConfiguration config) {
+        if (mProvisioningRecheckAlarm == null) {
+            final int period = config.provisioningCheckPeriod;
+            if (period <= 0) return;
+
+            mProvisioningRecheckAlarm = createRecheckAlarmIntent();
+            AlarmManager alarmManager = (AlarmManager) mContext.getSystemService(
+                    Context.ALARM_SERVICE);
+            long triggerAtMillis = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() + (period * MS_PER_HOUR);
+            alarmManager.setExact(AlarmManager.ELAPSED_REALTIME_WAKEUP, triggerAtMillis,
+                    mProvisioningRecheckAlarm);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void cancelTetherProvisioningRechecks() {
+        if (mProvisioningRecheckAlarm != null) {
+            AlarmManager alarmManager = (AlarmManager) mContext.getSystemService(
+                    Context.ALARM_SERVICE);
+            alarmManager.cancel(mProvisioningRecheckAlarm);
+            mProvisioningRecheckAlarm = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void rescheduleProvisioningRecheck(final TetheringConfiguration config) {
+        cancelTetherProvisioningRechecks();
+        scheduleProvisioningRecheck(config);
+    }
+
+    private void evaluateCellularPermission(final TetheringConfiguration config) {
+        final boolean permitted = isCellularUpstreamPermitted(config);
+
+        if (DBG) {
+            mLog.i("Cellular permission change from " + mLastCellularUpstreamPermitted
+                    + " to " + permitted);
+        }
+
+        if (mLastCellularUpstreamPermitted != permitted) {
+            mLog.log("Cellular permission change: " + permitted);
+            mPermissionChangeCallback.run();
+        }
+        // Only schedule periodic re-check when tether is provisioned
+        // and the result is ok.
+        if (permitted && mCurrentEntitlementResults.size() > 0) {
+            scheduleProvisioningRecheck(config);
+        } else {
+            cancelTetherProvisioningRechecks();
+        }
+        mLastCellularUpstreamPermitted = permitted;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add the mapping between provisioning result and tethering type.
+     * Notify UpstreamNetworkMonitor if Cellular permission changes.
+     *
+     * @param type tethering type from TetheringManager.TETHERING_{@code *}
+     * @param resultCode Provisioning result
+     */
+    protected void addDownstreamMapping(int type, int resultCode) {
+        mLog.i("addDownstreamMapping: " + type + ", result: " + resultCode
+                + " ,TetherTypeRequested: " + mCurrentDownstreams.get(type));
+        if (!mCurrentDownstreams.get(type)) return;
+
+        mCurrentEntitlementResults.put(type, resultCode);
+        final TetheringConfiguration config = mFetcher.fetchTetheringConfiguration();
+        evaluateCellularPermission(config);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove the mapping for input tethering type.
+     * @param type tethering type from TetheringManager.TETHERING_{@code *}
+     */
+    protected void removeDownstreamMapping(int type) {
+        mLog.i("removeDownstreamMapping: " + type);
+        mCurrentEntitlementResults.delete(type);
+        final TetheringConfiguration config = mFetcher.fetchTetheringConfiguration();
+        evaluateCellularPermission(config);
+    }
+
+    private final BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
+        @Override
+        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+            if (ACTION_PROVISIONING_ALARM.equals(intent.getAction())) {
+                mLog.log("Received provisioning alarm");
+                final TetheringConfiguration config = mFetcher.fetchTetheringConfiguration();
+                rescheduleProvisioningRecheck(config);
+                reevaluateSimCardProvisioning(config);
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    private static boolean isValidDownstreamType(int type) {
+        switch (type) {
+            case TETHERING_BLUETOOTH:
+            case TETHERING_ETHERNET:
+            case TETHERING_USB:
+            case TETHERING_WIFI:
+                return true;
+            default:
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Dump the infromation of EntitlementManager.
+     * @param pw {@link PrintWriter} is used to print formatted
+     */
+    public void dump(PrintWriter pw) {
+        pw.print("isCellularUpstreamPermitted: ");
+        pw.println(isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
+        for (int type = mCurrentDownstreams.nextSetBit(0); type >= 0;
+                type = mCurrentDownstreams.nextSetBit(type + 1)) {
+            pw.print("Type: ");
+            pw.print(typeString(type));
+            if (mCurrentEntitlementResults.indexOfKey(type) > -1) {
+                pw.print(", Value: ");
+                pw.println(errorString(mCurrentEntitlementResults.get(type)));
+            } else {
+                pw.println(", Value: empty");
+            }
+        }
+        pw.print("Exempted: [");
+        for (int type = mExemptedDownstreams.nextSetBit(0); type >= 0;
+                type = mExemptedDownstreams.nextSetBit(type + 1)) {
+            pw.print(typeString(type));
+            pw.print(", ");
+        }
+        pw.println("]");
+    }
+
+    private static String typeString(int type) {
+        switch (type) {
+            case TETHERING_BLUETOOTH: return "TETHERING_BLUETOOTH";
+            case TETHERING_INVALID: return "TETHERING_INVALID";
+            case TETHERING_USB: return "TETHERING_USB";
+            case TETHERING_WIFI: return "TETHERING_WIFI";
+            default:
+                return String.format("TETHERING UNKNOWN TYPE (%d)", type);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static String errorString(int value) {
+        switch (value) {
+            case TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKNOWN: return "TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKONWN";
+            case TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR: return "TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR";
+            case TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED: return "TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED";
+            default:
+                return String.format("UNKNOWN ERROR (%d)", value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private ResultReceiver buildProxyReceiver(int type, boolean notifyFail,
+            final ResultReceiver receiver) {
+        ResultReceiver rr = new ResultReceiver(mHandler) {
+            @Override
+            protected void onReceiveResult(int resultCode, Bundle resultData) {
+                int updatedCacheValue = updateEntitlementCacheValue(type, resultCode);
+                addDownstreamMapping(type, updatedCacheValue);
+                if (updatedCacheValue == TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED && notifyFail) {
+                    mListener.onTetherProvisioningFailed(
+                            type, "Tethering provisioning failed.");
+                }
+                if (receiver != null) receiver.send(updatedCacheValue, null);
+            }
+        };
+
+        return writeToParcel(rr);
+    }
+
+    // Instances of ResultReceiver need to be public classes for remote processes to be able
+    // to load them (otherwise, ClassNotFoundException). For private classes, this method
+    // performs a trick : round-trip parceling any instance of ResultReceiver will return a
+    // vanilla instance of ResultReceiver sharing the binder token with the original receiver.
+    // The binder token has a reference to the original instance of the private class and will
+    // still call its methods, and can be sent over. However it cannot be used for anything
+    // else than sending over a Binder call.
+    // While round-trip parceling is not great, there is currently no other way of generating
+    // a vanilla instance of ResultReceiver because all its fields are private.
+    private ResultReceiver writeToParcel(final ResultReceiver receiver) {
+        Parcel parcel = Parcel.obtain();
+        receiver.writeToParcel(parcel, 0);
+        parcel.setDataPosition(0);
+        ResultReceiver receiverForSending = ResultReceiver.CREATOR.createFromParcel(parcel);
+        parcel.recycle();
+        return receiverForSending;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Update the last entitlement value to internal cache
+     *
+     * @param type tethering type from TetheringManager.TETHERING_{@code *}
+     * @param resultCode last entitlement value
+     * @return the last updated entitlement value
+     */
+    private int updateEntitlementCacheValue(int type, int resultCode) {
+        if (DBG) {
+            mLog.i("updateEntitlementCacheValue: " + type + ", result: " + resultCode);
+        }
+        if (resultCode == TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR) {
+            mEntitlementCacheValue.put(type, resultCode);
+            return resultCode;
+        } else {
+            mEntitlementCacheValue.put(type, TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED);
+            return TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Get the last value of the tethering entitlement check. */
+    public void requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(int downstream, ResultReceiver receiver,
+            boolean showEntitlementUi) {
+        if (!isValidDownstreamType(downstream)) {
+            receiver.send(TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKNOWN, null);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final TetheringConfiguration config = mFetcher.fetchTetheringConfiguration();
+
+        switch (getTetherProvisioningCondition(config)) {
+            case TETHERING_PROVISIONING_NOT_REQUIRED:
+                receiver.send(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR, null);
+                return;
+            case TETHERING_PROVISIONING_CARRIER_UNSUPPORT:
+                receiver.send(TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED, null);
+                return;
+        }
+
+        final int cacheValue = mEntitlementCacheValue.get(
+                downstream, TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKNOWN);
+        if (cacheValue == TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR || !showEntitlementUi) {
+            receiver.send(cacheValue, null);
+        } else {
+            ResultReceiver proxy = buildProxyReceiver(downstream, false/* notifyFail */, receiver);
+            runUiTetherProvisioning(downstream, config, proxy);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/IPv6TetheringCoordinator.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/IPv6TetheringCoordinator.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3dcaa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/IPv6TetheringCoordinator.java
@@ -0,0 +1,328 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.RouteInfo;
+import android.net.ip.IpServer;
+import android.net.util.NetworkConstants;
+import android.net.util.SharedLog;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.Random;
+
+
+/**
+ * IPv6 tethering is rather different from IPv4 owing to the absence of NAT.
+ * This coordinator is responsible for evaluating the dedicated prefixes
+ * assigned to the device and deciding how to divvy them up among downstream
+ * interfaces.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class IPv6TetheringCoordinator {
+    private static final String TAG = IPv6TetheringCoordinator.class.getSimpleName();
+    private static final boolean DBG = false;
+    private static final boolean VDBG = false;
+
+    private static class Downstream {
+        public final IpServer ipServer;
+        public final int mode;  // IpServer.STATE_*
+        // Used to append to a ULA /48, constructing a ULA /64 for local use.
+        public final short subnetId;
+
+        Downstream(IpServer ipServer, int mode, short subnetId) {
+            this.ipServer = ipServer;
+            this.mode = mode;
+            this.subnetId = subnetId;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private final ArrayList<IpServer> mNotifyList;
+    private final SharedLog mLog;
+    // NOTE: mActiveDownstreams is a list and not a hash data structure because
+    // we keep active downstreams in arrival order.  This is done so /64s can
+    // be parceled out on a "first come, first served" basis and a /64 used by
+    // a downstream that is no longer active can be redistributed to any next
+    // waiting active downstream (again, in arrival order).
+    private final LinkedList<Downstream> mActiveDownstreams;
+    private final byte[] mUniqueLocalPrefix;
+    private short mNextSubnetId;
+    private UpstreamNetworkState mUpstreamNetworkState;
+
+    public IPv6TetheringCoordinator(ArrayList<IpServer> notifyList, SharedLog log) {
+        mNotifyList = notifyList;
+        mLog = log.forSubComponent(TAG);
+        mActiveDownstreams = new LinkedList<>();
+        mUniqueLocalPrefix = generateUniqueLocalPrefix();
+        mNextSubnetId = 0;
+    }
+
+    /** Add active downstream to ipv6 tethering candidate list. */
+    public void addActiveDownstream(IpServer downstream, int mode) {
+        if (findDownstream(downstream) == null) {
+            // Adding a new downstream appends it to the list. Adding a
+            // downstream a second time without first removing it has no effect.
+            // We never change the mode of a downstream except by first removing
+            // it and then re-adding it (with its new mode specified);
+            if (mActiveDownstreams.offer(new Downstream(downstream, mode, mNextSubnetId))) {
+                // Make sure subnet IDs are always positive. They are appended
+                // to a ULA /48 to make a ULA /64 for local use.
+                mNextSubnetId = (short) Math.max(0, mNextSubnetId + 1);
+            }
+            updateIPv6TetheringInterfaces();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Remove downstream from ipv6 tethering candidate list. */
+    public void removeActiveDownstream(IpServer downstream) {
+        stopIPv6TetheringOn(downstream);
+        if (mActiveDownstreams.remove(findDownstream(downstream))) {
+            updateIPv6TetheringInterfaces();
+        }
+
+        // When tethering is stopping we can reset the subnet counter.
+        if (mNotifyList.isEmpty()) {
+            if (!mActiveDownstreams.isEmpty()) {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "Tethering notify list empty, IPv6 downstreams non-empty.");
+            }
+            mNextSubnetId = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Call when UpstreamNetworkState may be changed.
+     * If upstream has ipv6 for tethering, update this new UpstreamNetworkState
+     * to IpServer. Otherwise stop ipv6 tethering on downstream interfaces.
+     */
+    public void updateUpstreamNetworkState(UpstreamNetworkState ns) {
+        if (VDBG) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "updateUpstreamNetworkState: " + toDebugString(ns));
+        }
+        if (TetheringInterfaceUtils.getIPv6Interface(ns) == null) {
+            stopIPv6TetheringOnAllInterfaces();
+            setUpstreamNetworkState(null);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (mUpstreamNetworkState != null
+                && !ns.network.equals(mUpstreamNetworkState.network)) {
+            stopIPv6TetheringOnAllInterfaces();
+        }
+
+        setUpstreamNetworkState(ns);
+        updateIPv6TetheringInterfaces();
+    }
+
+    private void stopIPv6TetheringOnAllInterfaces() {
+        for (IpServer ipServer : mNotifyList) {
+            stopIPv6TetheringOn(ipServer);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void setUpstreamNetworkState(UpstreamNetworkState ns) {
+        if (ns == null) {
+            mUpstreamNetworkState = null;
+        } else {
+            // Make a deep copy of the parts we need.
+            mUpstreamNetworkState = new UpstreamNetworkState(
+                    new LinkProperties(ns.linkProperties),
+                    new NetworkCapabilities(ns.networkCapabilities),
+                    new Network(ns.network));
+        }
+
+        mLog.log("setUpstreamNetworkState: " + toDebugString(mUpstreamNetworkState));
+    }
+
+    private void updateIPv6TetheringInterfaces() {
+        for (IpServer ipServer : mNotifyList) {
+            final LinkProperties lp = getInterfaceIPv6LinkProperties(ipServer);
+            ipServer.sendMessage(IpServer.CMD_IPV6_TETHER_UPDATE, getTtlAdjustment(), 0, lp);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int getTtlAdjustment() {
+        if (mUpstreamNetworkState == null || mUpstreamNetworkState.networkCapabilities == null) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        // If upstream is cellular, set the TTL in Router Advertisements to "network-set TTL" - 1
+        // for carrier requirement.
+        if (mUpstreamNetworkState.networkCapabilities.hasTransport(
+                NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        // For other non-cellular upstream, set TTL as "network-set TTL" + 1 to preventing arbitrary
+        // distinction between tethered and untethered traffic.
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    private LinkProperties getInterfaceIPv6LinkProperties(IpServer ipServer) {
+        final Downstream ds = findDownstream(ipServer);
+        if (ds == null) return null;
+
+        if (ds.mode == IpServer.STATE_LOCAL_ONLY) {
+            // Build a Unique Locally-assigned Prefix configuration.
+            return getUniqueLocalConfig(mUniqueLocalPrefix, ds.subnetId);
+        }
+
+        // This downstream is in IpServer.STATE_TETHERED mode.
+        if (mUpstreamNetworkState == null || mUpstreamNetworkState.linkProperties == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        // NOTE: Here, in future, we would have policies to decide how to divvy
+        // up the available dedicated prefixes among downstream interfaces.
+        // At this time we have no such mechanism--we only support tethering
+        // IPv6 toward the oldest (first requested) active downstream.
+
+        final Downstream currentActive = mActiveDownstreams.peek();
+        if (currentActive != null && currentActive.ipServer == ipServer) {
+            final LinkProperties lp = getIPv6OnlyLinkProperties(
+                    mUpstreamNetworkState.linkProperties);
+            if (lp.hasIpv6DefaultRoute() && lp.hasGlobalIpv6Address()) {
+                return lp;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    Downstream findDownstream(IpServer ipServer) {
+        for (Downstream ds : mActiveDownstreams) {
+            if (ds.ipServer == ipServer) return ds;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private static LinkProperties getIPv6OnlyLinkProperties(LinkProperties lp) {
+        final LinkProperties v6only = new LinkProperties();
+        if (lp == null) {
+            return v6only;
+        }
+
+        // NOTE: At this time we don't copy over any information about any
+        // stacked links. No current stacked link configuration has IPv6.
+
+        v6only.setInterfaceName(lp.getInterfaceName());
+
+        v6only.setMtu(lp.getMtu());
+
+        for (LinkAddress linkAddr : lp.getLinkAddresses()) {
+            if (linkAddr.isGlobalPreferred() && linkAddr.getPrefixLength() == 64) {
+                v6only.addLinkAddress(linkAddr);
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (RouteInfo routeInfo : lp.getRoutes()) {
+            final IpPrefix destination = routeInfo.getDestination();
+            if ((destination.getAddress() instanceof Inet6Address)
+                    && (destination.getPrefixLength() <= 64)) {
+                v6only.addRoute(routeInfo);
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (InetAddress dnsServer : lp.getDnsServers()) {
+            if (isIPv6GlobalAddress(dnsServer)) {
+                // For now we include ULAs.
+                v6only.addDnsServer(dnsServer);
+            }
+        }
+
+        v6only.setDomains(lp.getDomains());
+
+        return v6only;
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Delete this and switch to LinkAddress#isGlobalPreferred once we
+    // announce our own IPv6 address as DNS server.
+    private static boolean isIPv6GlobalAddress(InetAddress ip) {
+        return (ip instanceof Inet6Address)
+               && !ip.isAnyLocalAddress()
+               && !ip.isLoopbackAddress()
+               && !ip.isLinkLocalAddress()
+               && !ip.isSiteLocalAddress()
+               && !ip.isMulticastAddress();
+    }
+
+    private static LinkProperties getUniqueLocalConfig(byte[] ulp, short subnetId) {
+        final LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+
+        final IpPrefix local48 = makeUniqueLocalPrefix(ulp, (short) 0, 48);
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(local48, null, null, RouteInfo.RTN_UNICAST));
+
+        final IpPrefix local64 = makeUniqueLocalPrefix(ulp, subnetId, 64);
+        // Because this is a locally-generated ULA, we don't have an upstream
+        // address. But because the downstream IP address management code gets
+        // its prefix from the upstream's IP address, we create a fake one here.
+        lp.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress(local64.getAddress(), 64));
+
+        lp.setMtu(NetworkConstants.ETHER_MTU);
+        return lp;
+    }
+
+    private static IpPrefix makeUniqueLocalPrefix(byte[] in6addr, short subnetId, int prefixlen) {
+        final byte[] bytes = Arrays.copyOf(in6addr, in6addr.length);
+        bytes[7] = (byte) (subnetId >> 8);
+        bytes[8] = (byte) subnetId;
+        final InetAddress addr;
+        try {
+            addr = InetAddress.getByAddress(bytes);
+        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid address length: " + bytes.length, e);
+        }
+        return new IpPrefix(addr, prefixlen);
+    }
+
+    // Generates a Unique Locally-assigned Prefix:
+    //
+    //     https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4193#section-3.1
+    //
+    // The result is a /48 that can be used for local-only communications.
+    private static byte[] generateUniqueLocalPrefix() {
+        final byte[] ulp = new byte[6];  // 6 = 48bits / 8bits/byte
+        (new Random()).nextBytes(ulp);
+
+        final byte[] in6addr = Arrays.copyOf(ulp, NetworkConstants.IPV6_ADDR_LEN);
+        in6addr[0] = (byte) 0xfd;  // fc00::/7 and L=1
+
+        return in6addr;
+    }
+
+    private static String toDebugString(UpstreamNetworkState ns) {
+        if (ns == null) {
+            return "UpstreamNetworkState{null}";
+        }
+        return ns.toString();
+    }
+
+    private static void stopIPv6TetheringOn(IpServer ipServer) {
+        ipServer.sendMessage(IpServer.CMD_IPV6_TETHER_UPDATE, 0, 0, null);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadController.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadController.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d60c21d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadController.java
@@ -0,0 +1,884 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_NO;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.ROAMING_NO;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.SET_DEFAULT;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.UID_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.UID_TETHERING;
+import static android.net.netstats.provider.NetworkStatsProvider.QUOTA_UNLIMITED;
+import static android.provider.Settings.Global.TETHER_OFFLOAD_DISABLED;
+
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.OffloadHardwareInterface.OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_0;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.OffloadHardwareInterface.OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_1;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.OffloadHardwareInterface.OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_NONE;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetheringConfiguration.DEFAULT_TETHER_OFFLOAD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager;
+import android.content.ContentResolver;
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.NetworkStats;
+import android.net.NetworkStats.Entry;
+import android.net.RouteInfo;
+import android.net.netstats.provider.NetworkStatsProvider;
+import android.net.util.SharedLog;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.provider.Settings;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.system.OsConstants;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.internal.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.ConntrackMessage;
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants;
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkSocket;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.OffloadHardwareInterface.ForwardedStats;
+
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+
+/**
+ * A class to encapsulate the business logic of programming the tethering
+ * hardware offload interface.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class OffloadController {
+    private static final String TAG = OffloadController.class.getSimpleName();
+    private static final boolean DBG = false;
+    private static final String ANYIP = "0.0.0.0";
+    private static final ForwardedStats EMPTY_STATS = new ForwardedStats();
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    enum StatsType {
+        STATS_PER_IFACE,
+        STATS_PER_UID,
+    }
+
+    private enum UpdateType { IF_NEEDED, FORCE };
+
+    private final Handler mHandler;
+    private final OffloadHardwareInterface mHwInterface;
+    private final ContentResolver mContentResolver;
+    @Nullable
+    private final OffloadTetheringStatsProvider mStatsProvider;
+    private final SharedLog mLog;
+    private final HashMap<String, LinkProperties> mDownstreams;
+    private boolean mConfigInitialized;
+    @OffloadHardwareInterface.OffloadHalVersion
+    private int mControlHalVersion;
+    private LinkProperties mUpstreamLinkProperties;
+    // The complete set of offload-exempt prefixes passed in via Tethering from
+    // all upstream and downstream sources.
+    private Set<IpPrefix> mExemptPrefixes;
+    // A strictly "smaller" set of prefixes, wherein offload-approved prefixes
+    // (e.g. downstream on-link prefixes) have been removed and replaced with
+    // prefixes representing only the locally-assigned IP addresses.
+    private Set<String> mLastLocalPrefixStrs;
+
+    // Maps upstream interface names to offloaded traffic statistics.
+    // Always contains the latest value received from the hardware for each interface, regardless of
+    // whether offload is currently running on that interface.
+    private ConcurrentHashMap<String, ForwardedStats> mForwardedStats =
+            new ConcurrentHashMap<>(16, 0.75F, 1);
+
+    private static class InterfaceQuota {
+        public final long warningBytes;
+        public final long limitBytes;
+
+        public static InterfaceQuota MAX_VALUE = new InterfaceQuota(Long.MAX_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE);
+
+        InterfaceQuota(long warningBytes, long limitBytes) {
+            this.warningBytes = warningBytes;
+            this.limitBytes = limitBytes;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean equals(Object o) {
+            if (this == o) return true;
+            if (!(o instanceof InterfaceQuota)) return false;
+            InterfaceQuota that = (InterfaceQuota) o;
+            return warningBytes == that.warningBytes
+                    && limitBytes == that.limitBytes;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int hashCode() {
+            return (int) (warningBytes * 3 + limitBytes * 5);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return "InterfaceQuota{" + "warning=" + warningBytes + ", limit=" + limitBytes + '}';
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Maps upstream interface names to interface quotas.
+    // Always contains the latest value received from the framework for each interface, regardless
+    // of whether offload is currently running (or is even supported) on that interface. Only
+    // includes upstream interfaces that have a quota set.
+    private HashMap<String, InterfaceQuota> mInterfaceQuotas = new HashMap<>();
+
+    // Tracking remaining alert quota. Unlike limit quota is subject to interface, the alert
+    // quota is interface independent and global for tether offload. Note that this is only
+    // accessed on the handler thread and in the constructor.
+    private long mRemainingAlertQuota = QUOTA_UNLIMITED;
+    // Runnable that used to schedule the next stats poll.
+    private final Runnable mScheduledPollingTask = () -> {
+        updateStatsForCurrentUpstream();
+        maybeSchedulePollingStats();
+    };
+
+    private int mNatUpdateCallbacksReceived;
+    private int mNatUpdateNetlinkErrors;
+
+    @NonNull
+    private final Dependencies mDeps;
+
+    // TODO: Put more parameters in constructor into dependency object.
+    interface Dependencies {
+        @NonNull
+        TetheringConfiguration getTetherConfig();
+    }
+
+    public OffloadController(Handler h, OffloadHardwareInterface hwi,
+            ContentResolver contentResolver, NetworkStatsManager nsm, SharedLog log,
+            @NonNull Dependencies deps) {
+        mHandler = h;
+        mHwInterface = hwi;
+        mContentResolver = contentResolver;
+        mLog = log.forSubComponent(TAG);
+        mDownstreams = new HashMap<>();
+        mExemptPrefixes = new HashSet<>();
+        mLastLocalPrefixStrs = new HashSet<>();
+        OffloadTetheringStatsProvider provider = new OffloadTetheringStatsProvider();
+        try {
+            nsm.registerNetworkStatsProvider(getClass().getSimpleName(), provider);
+        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "Cannot register offload stats provider: " + e);
+            provider = null;
+        }
+        mStatsProvider = provider;
+        mDeps = deps;
+    }
+
+    /** Start hardware offload. */
+    public boolean start() {
+        if (started()) return true;
+
+        if (isOffloadDisabled()) {
+            mLog.i("tethering offload disabled");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!mConfigInitialized) {
+            mConfigInitialized = mHwInterface.initOffloadConfig();
+            if (!mConfigInitialized) {
+                mLog.i("tethering offload config not supported");
+                stop();
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        mControlHalVersion = mHwInterface.initOffloadControl(
+                // OffloadHardwareInterface guarantees that these callback
+                // methods are called on the handler passed to it, which is the
+                // same as mHandler, as coordinated by the setup in Tethering.
+                new OffloadHardwareInterface.ControlCallback() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onStarted() {
+                        if (!started()) return;
+                        mLog.log("onStarted");
+                    }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void onStoppedError() {
+                        if (!started()) return;
+                        mLog.log("onStoppedError");
+                    }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void onStoppedUnsupported() {
+                        if (!started()) return;
+                        mLog.log("onStoppedUnsupported");
+                        // Poll for statistics and trigger a sweep of tethering
+                        // stats by observers. This might not succeed, but it's
+                        // worth trying anyway. We need to do this because from
+                        // this point on we continue with software forwarding,
+                        // and we need to synchronize stats and limits between
+                        // software and hardware forwarding.
+                        updateStatsForAllUpstreams();
+                        if (mStatsProvider != null) mStatsProvider.pushTetherStats();
+                    }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void onSupportAvailable() {
+                        if (!started()) return;
+                        mLog.log("onSupportAvailable");
+
+                        // [1] Poll for statistics and trigger a sweep of stats
+                        // by observers. We need to do this to ensure that any
+                        // limits set take into account any software tethering
+                        // traffic that has been happening in the meantime.
+                        updateStatsForAllUpstreams();
+                        if (mStatsProvider != null) mStatsProvider.pushTetherStats();
+                        // [2] (Re)Push all state.
+                        computeAndPushLocalPrefixes(UpdateType.FORCE);
+                        pushAllDownstreamState();
+                        pushUpstreamParameters(null);
+                    }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void onStoppedLimitReached() {
+                        if (!started()) return;
+                        mLog.log("onStoppedLimitReached");
+
+                        // We cannot reliably determine on which interface the limit was reached,
+                        // because the HAL interface does not specify it. We cannot just use the
+                        // current upstream, because that might have changed since the time that
+                        // the HAL queued the callback.
+                        // TODO: rev the HAL so that it provides an interface name.
+
+                        updateStatsForCurrentUpstream();
+                        if (mStatsProvider != null) {
+                            mStatsProvider.pushTetherStats();
+                            // Push stats to service does not cause the service react to it
+                            // immediately. Inform the service about limit reached.
+                            mStatsProvider.notifyLimitReached();
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void onWarningReached() {
+                        if (!started()) return;
+                        mLog.log("onWarningReached");
+
+                        updateStatsForCurrentUpstream();
+                        if (mStatsProvider != null) {
+                            mStatsProvider.pushTetherStats();
+                            mStatsProvider.notifyWarningReached();
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void onNatTimeoutUpdate(int proto,
+                                                   String srcAddr, int srcPort,
+                                                   String dstAddr, int dstPort) {
+                        if (!started()) return;
+                        updateNatTimeout(proto, srcAddr, srcPort, dstAddr, dstPort);
+                    }
+                });
+
+        final boolean isStarted = started();
+        if (!isStarted) {
+            mLog.i("tethering offload control not supported");
+            stop();
+        } else {
+            mLog.log("tethering offload started, version: "
+                    + OffloadHardwareInterface.halVerToString(mControlHalVersion));
+            mNatUpdateCallbacksReceived = 0;
+            mNatUpdateNetlinkErrors = 0;
+            maybeSchedulePollingStats();
+        }
+        return isStarted;
+    }
+
+    /** Stop hardware offload. */
+    public void stop() {
+        // Completely stops tethering offload. After this method is called, it is no longer safe to
+        // call any HAL method, no callbacks from the hardware will be delivered, and any in-flight
+        // callbacks must be ignored. Offload may be started again by calling start().
+        final boolean wasStarted = started();
+        updateStatsForCurrentUpstream();
+        mUpstreamLinkProperties = null;
+        mHwInterface.stopOffloadControl();
+        mControlHalVersion = OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_NONE;
+        mConfigInitialized = false;
+        if (mHandler.hasCallbacks(mScheduledPollingTask)) {
+            mHandler.removeCallbacks(mScheduledPollingTask);
+        }
+        if (wasStarted) mLog.log("tethering offload stopped");
+    }
+
+    private boolean started() {
+        return mConfigInitialized && mControlHalVersion != OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_NONE;
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    class OffloadTetheringStatsProvider extends NetworkStatsProvider {
+        // These stats must only ever be touched on the handler thread.
+        @NonNull
+        private NetworkStats mIfaceStats = new NetworkStats(0L, 0);
+        @NonNull
+        private NetworkStats mUidStats = new NetworkStats(0L, 0);
+
+        /**
+         * A helper function that collect tether stats from local hashmap. Note that this does not
+         * invoke binder call.
+         */
+        @VisibleForTesting
+        @NonNull
+        NetworkStats getTetherStats(@NonNull StatsType how) {
+            NetworkStats stats = new NetworkStats(0L, 0);
+            final int uid = (how == StatsType.STATS_PER_UID) ? UID_TETHERING : UID_ALL;
+
+            for (final Map.Entry<String, ForwardedStats> kv : mForwardedStats.entrySet()) {
+                final ForwardedStats value = kv.getValue();
+                final Entry entry = new Entry(kv.getKey(), uid, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO,
+                        ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, value.rxBytes, 0L, value.txBytes, 0L, 0L);
+                stats = stats.addEntry(entry);
+            }
+
+            return stats;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onSetLimit(String iface, long quotaBytes) {
+            onSetWarningAndLimit(iface, QUOTA_UNLIMITED, quotaBytes);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onSetWarningAndLimit(@NonNull String iface,
+                long warningBytes, long limitBytes) {
+            // Listen for all iface is necessary since upstream might be changed after limit
+            // is set.
+            mHandler.post(() -> {
+                final InterfaceQuota curIfaceQuota = mInterfaceQuotas.get(iface);
+                final InterfaceQuota newIfaceQuota = new InterfaceQuota(
+                        warningBytes == QUOTA_UNLIMITED ? Long.MAX_VALUE : warningBytes,
+                        limitBytes == QUOTA_UNLIMITED ? Long.MAX_VALUE : limitBytes);
+
+                // If the quota is set to unlimited, the value set to HAL is Long.MAX_VALUE,
+                // which is ~8.4 x 10^6 TiB, no one can actually reach it. Thus, it is not
+                // useful to set it multiple times.
+                // Otherwise, the quota needs to be updated to tell HAL to re-count from now even
+                // if the quota is the same as the existing one.
+                if (null == curIfaceQuota && InterfaceQuota.MAX_VALUE.equals(newIfaceQuota)) {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                if (InterfaceQuota.MAX_VALUE.equals(newIfaceQuota)) {
+                    mInterfaceQuotas.remove(iface);
+                } else {
+                    mInterfaceQuotas.put(iface, newIfaceQuota);
+                }
+                maybeUpdateDataWarningAndLimit(iface);
+            });
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Push stats to service, but does not cause a force polling. Note that this can only be
+         * called on the handler thread.
+         */
+        public void pushTetherStats() {
+            // TODO: remove the accumulated stats and report the diff from HAL directly.
+            final NetworkStats ifaceDiff =
+                    getTetherStats(StatsType.STATS_PER_IFACE).subtract(mIfaceStats);
+            final NetworkStats uidDiff =
+                    getTetherStats(StatsType.STATS_PER_UID).subtract(mUidStats);
+            try {
+                notifyStatsUpdated(0 /* token */, ifaceDiff, uidDiff);
+                mIfaceStats = mIfaceStats.add(ifaceDiff);
+                mUidStats = mUidStats.add(uidDiff);
+            } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+                mLog.e("Cannot report network stats: ", e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onRequestStatsUpdate(int token) {
+            // Do not attempt to update stats by querying the offload HAL
+            // synchronously from a different thread than the Handler thread. http://b/64771555.
+            mHandler.post(() -> {
+                updateStatsForCurrentUpstream();
+                pushTetherStats();
+            });
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onSetAlert(long quotaBytes) {
+            // Ignore set alert calls from HAL V1.1 since the hardware supports set warning now.
+            // Thus, the software polling mechanism is not needed.
+            if (!useStatsPolling()) {
+                return;
+            }
+            // Post it to handler thread since it access remaining quota bytes.
+            mHandler.post(() -> {
+                updateAlertQuota(quotaBytes);
+                maybeSchedulePollingStats();
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    private String currentUpstreamInterface() {
+        return (mUpstreamLinkProperties != null)
+                ? mUpstreamLinkProperties.getInterfaceName() : null;
+    }
+
+    private void maybeUpdateStats(String iface) {
+        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(iface)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Always called on the handler thread.
+        //
+        // Use get()/put() instead of updating ForwardedStats in place because we can be called
+        // concurrently with getTetherStats. In combination with the guarantees provided by
+        // ConcurrentHashMap, this ensures that getTetherStats always gets the most recent copy of
+        // the stats for each interface, and does not observe partial writes where rxBytes is
+        // updated and txBytes is not.
+        ForwardedStats diff = mHwInterface.getForwardedStats(iface);
+        final long usedAlertQuota = diff.rxBytes + diff.txBytes;
+        ForwardedStats base = mForwardedStats.get(iface);
+        if (base != null) {
+            diff.add(base);
+        }
+
+        // Update remaining alert quota if it is still positive.
+        if (mRemainingAlertQuota > 0 && usedAlertQuota > 0) {
+            // Trim to zero if overshoot.
+            final long newQuota = Math.max(mRemainingAlertQuota - usedAlertQuota, 0);
+            updateAlertQuota(newQuota);
+        }
+
+        mForwardedStats.put(iface, diff);
+        // diff is a new object, just created by getForwardedStats(). Therefore, anyone reading from
+        // mForwardedStats (i.e., any caller of getTetherStats) will see the new stats immediately.
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Update remaining alert quota, fire the {@link NetworkStatsProvider#notifyAlertReached()}
+     * callback when it reaches zero. This can be invoked either from service setting the alert, or
+     * {@code maybeUpdateStats} when updating stats. Note that this can be only called on
+     * handler thread.
+     *
+     * @param newQuota non-negative value to indicate the new quota, or
+     *                 {@link NetworkStatsProvider#QUOTA_UNLIMITED} to indicate there is no
+     *                 quota.
+     */
+    private void updateAlertQuota(long newQuota) {
+        if (newQuota < QUOTA_UNLIMITED) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("invalid quota value " + newQuota);
+        }
+        if (mRemainingAlertQuota == newQuota) return;
+
+        mRemainingAlertQuota = newQuota;
+        if (mRemainingAlertQuota == 0) {
+            mLog.i("notifyAlertReached");
+            if (mStatsProvider != null) mStatsProvider.notifyAlertReached();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Schedule polling if needed, this will be stopped if offload has been
+     * stopped or remaining quota reaches zero or upstream is empty.
+     * Note that this can be only called on handler thread.
+     */
+    private void maybeSchedulePollingStats() {
+        if (!isPollingStatsNeeded()) return;
+
+        if (mHandler.hasCallbacks(mScheduledPollingTask)) {
+            mHandler.removeCallbacks(mScheduledPollingTask);
+        }
+        mHandler.postDelayed(mScheduledPollingTask,
+                mDeps.getTetherConfig().getOffloadPollInterval());
+    }
+
+    private boolean isPollingStatsNeeded() {
+        return started() && mRemainingAlertQuota > 0
+                && useStatsPolling()
+                && !TextUtils.isEmpty(currentUpstreamInterface())
+                && mDeps.getTetherConfig() != null
+                && mDeps.getTetherConfig().getOffloadPollInterval()
+                >= DEFAULT_TETHER_OFFLOAD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS;
+    }
+
+    private boolean useStatsPolling() {
+        return mControlHalVersion == OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_0;
+    }
+
+    private boolean maybeUpdateDataWarningAndLimit(String iface) {
+        // setDataLimit or setDataWarningAndLimit may only be called while offload is occurring
+        // on this upstream.
+        if (!started() || !TextUtils.equals(iface, currentUpstreamInterface())) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        final InterfaceQuota quota = mInterfaceQuotas.getOrDefault(iface, InterfaceQuota.MAX_VALUE);
+        final boolean ret;
+        if (mControlHalVersion >= OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_1) {
+            ret = mHwInterface.setDataWarningAndLimit(iface, quota.warningBytes, quota.limitBytes);
+        } else {
+            ret = mHwInterface.setDataLimit(iface, quota.limitBytes);
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    private void updateStatsForCurrentUpstream() {
+        maybeUpdateStats(currentUpstreamInterface());
+    }
+
+    private void updateStatsForAllUpstreams() {
+        // In practice, there should only ever be a single digit number of
+        // upstream interfaces over the lifetime of an active tethering session.
+        // Roughly speaking, imagine a very ambitious one or two of each of the
+        // following interface types: [ "rmnet_data", "wlan", "eth", "rndis" ].
+        for (Map.Entry<String, ForwardedStats> kv : mForwardedStats.entrySet()) {
+            maybeUpdateStats(kv.getKey());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Set current tethering upstream LinkProperties. */
+    public void setUpstreamLinkProperties(LinkProperties lp) {
+        if (!started() || Objects.equals(mUpstreamLinkProperties, lp)) return;
+
+        final String prevUpstream = currentUpstreamInterface();
+
+        mUpstreamLinkProperties = (lp != null) ? new LinkProperties(lp) : null;
+        // Make sure we record this interface in the ForwardedStats map.
+        final String iface = currentUpstreamInterface();
+        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(iface)) mForwardedStats.putIfAbsent(iface, EMPTY_STATS);
+
+        maybeSchedulePollingStats();
+
+        // TODO: examine return code and decide what to do if programming
+        // upstream parameters fails (probably just wait for a subsequent
+        // onOffloadEvent() callback to tell us offload is available again and
+        // then reapply all state).
+        computeAndPushLocalPrefixes(UpdateType.IF_NEEDED);
+        pushUpstreamParameters(prevUpstream);
+    }
+
+    /** Set local prefixes. */
+    public void setLocalPrefixes(Set<IpPrefix> localPrefixes) {
+        mExemptPrefixes = localPrefixes;
+
+        if (!started()) return;
+        computeAndPushLocalPrefixes(UpdateType.IF_NEEDED);
+    }
+
+    /** Update current downstream LinkProperties. */
+    public void notifyDownstreamLinkProperties(LinkProperties lp) {
+        final String ifname = lp.getInterfaceName();
+        final LinkProperties oldLp = mDownstreams.put(ifname, new LinkProperties(lp));
+        if (Objects.equals(oldLp, lp)) return;
+
+        if (!started()) return;
+        pushDownstreamState(oldLp, lp);
+    }
+
+    private void pushDownstreamState(LinkProperties oldLp, LinkProperties newLp) {
+        final String ifname = newLp.getInterfaceName();
+        final List<RouteInfo> oldRoutes =
+                (oldLp != null) ? oldLp.getRoutes() : Collections.EMPTY_LIST;
+        final List<RouteInfo> newRoutes = newLp.getRoutes();
+
+        // For each old route, if not in new routes: remove.
+        for (RouteInfo ri : oldRoutes) {
+            if (shouldIgnoreDownstreamRoute(ri)) continue;
+            if (!newRoutes.contains(ri)) {
+                mHwInterface.removeDownstreamPrefix(ifname, ri.getDestination().toString());
+            }
+        }
+
+        // For each new route, if not in old routes: add.
+        for (RouteInfo ri : newRoutes) {
+            if (shouldIgnoreDownstreamRoute(ri)) continue;
+            if (!oldRoutes.contains(ri)) {
+                mHwInterface.addDownstreamPrefix(ifname, ri.getDestination().toString());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void pushAllDownstreamState() {
+        for (LinkProperties lp : mDownstreams.values()) {
+            pushDownstreamState(null, lp);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Remove downstream interface from offload hardware. */
+    public void removeDownstreamInterface(String ifname) {
+        final LinkProperties lp = mDownstreams.remove(ifname);
+        if (lp == null) return;
+
+        if (!started()) return;
+
+        for (RouteInfo route : lp.getRoutes()) {
+            if (shouldIgnoreDownstreamRoute(route)) continue;
+            mHwInterface.removeDownstreamPrefix(ifname, route.getDestination().toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean isOffloadDisabled() {
+        final int defaultDisposition = mHwInterface.getDefaultTetherOffloadDisabled();
+        return (Settings.Global.getInt(
+                mContentResolver, TETHER_OFFLOAD_DISABLED, defaultDisposition) != 0);
+    }
+
+    private boolean pushUpstreamParameters(String prevUpstream) {
+        final String iface = currentUpstreamInterface();
+
+        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(iface)) {
+            final boolean rval = mHwInterface.setUpstreamParameters("", ANYIP, ANYIP, null);
+            // Update stats after we've told the hardware to stop forwarding so
+            // we don't miss packets.
+            maybeUpdateStats(prevUpstream);
+            return rval;
+        }
+
+        // A stacked interface cannot be an upstream for hardware offload.
+        // Consequently, we examine only the primary interface name, look at
+        // getAddresses() rather than getAllAddresses(), and check getRoutes()
+        // rather than getAllRoutes().
+        final ArrayList<String> v6gateways = new ArrayList<>();
+        String v4addr = null;
+        String v4gateway = null;
+
+        for (InetAddress ip : mUpstreamLinkProperties.getAddresses()) {
+            if (ip instanceof Inet4Address) {
+                v4addr = ip.getHostAddress();
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Find the gateway addresses of all default routes of either address family.
+        for (RouteInfo ri : mUpstreamLinkProperties.getRoutes()) {
+            if (!ri.hasGateway()) continue;
+
+            final String gateway = ri.getGateway().getHostAddress();
+            final InetAddress address = ri.getDestination().getAddress();
+            if (ri.isDefaultRoute() && address instanceof Inet4Address) {
+                v4gateway = gateway;
+            } else if (ri.isDefaultRoute() && address instanceof Inet6Address) {
+                v6gateways.add(gateway);
+            }
+        }
+
+        boolean success = mHwInterface.setUpstreamParameters(
+                iface, v4addr, v4gateway, (v6gateways.isEmpty() ? null : v6gateways));
+
+        if (!success) {
+            return success;
+        }
+
+        // Update stats after we've told the hardware to change routing so we don't miss packets.
+        maybeUpdateStats(prevUpstream);
+
+        // Data limits can only be set once offload is running on the upstream.
+        success = maybeUpdateDataWarningAndLimit(iface);
+        if (!success) {
+            // If we failed to set a data limit, don't use this upstream, because we don't want to
+            // blow through the data limit that we were told to apply.
+            mLog.log("Setting data limit for " + iface + " failed, disabling offload.");
+            stop();
+        }
+
+        return success;
+    }
+
+    private boolean computeAndPushLocalPrefixes(UpdateType how) {
+        final boolean force = (how == UpdateType.FORCE);
+        final Set<String> localPrefixStrs = computeLocalPrefixStrings(
+                mExemptPrefixes, mUpstreamLinkProperties);
+        if (!force && mLastLocalPrefixStrs.equals(localPrefixStrs)) return true;
+
+        mLastLocalPrefixStrs = localPrefixStrs;
+        return mHwInterface.setLocalPrefixes(new ArrayList<>(localPrefixStrs));
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Factor in downstream LinkProperties once that information is available.
+    private static Set<String> computeLocalPrefixStrings(
+            Set<IpPrefix> localPrefixes, LinkProperties upstreamLinkProperties) {
+        // Create an editable copy.
+        final Set<IpPrefix> prefixSet = new HashSet<>(localPrefixes);
+
+        // TODO: If a downstream interface (not currently passed in) is reusing
+        // the /64 of the upstream (64share) then:
+        //
+        //     [a] remove that /64 from the local prefixes
+        //     [b] add in /128s for IP addresses on the downstream interface
+        //     [c] add in /128s for IP addresses on the upstream interface
+        //
+        // Until downstream information is available here, simply add /128s from
+        // the upstream network; they'll just be redundant with their /64.
+        if (upstreamLinkProperties != null) {
+            for (LinkAddress linkAddr : upstreamLinkProperties.getLinkAddresses()) {
+                if (!linkAddr.isGlobalPreferred()) continue;
+                final InetAddress ip = linkAddr.getAddress();
+                if (!(ip instanceof Inet6Address)) continue;
+                prefixSet.add(new IpPrefix(ip, 128));
+            }
+        }
+
+        final HashSet<String> localPrefixStrs = new HashSet<>();
+        for (IpPrefix pfx : prefixSet) localPrefixStrs.add(pfx.toString());
+        return localPrefixStrs;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean shouldIgnoreDownstreamRoute(RouteInfo route) {
+        // Ignore any link-local routes.
+        final IpPrefix destination = route.getDestination();
+        final LinkAddress linkAddr = new LinkAddress(destination.getAddress(),
+                destination.getPrefixLength());
+        if (!linkAddr.isGlobalPreferred()) return true;
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /** Dump information. */
+    public void dump(IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
+        if (isOffloadDisabled()) {
+            pw.println("Offload disabled");
+            return;
+        }
+        final boolean isStarted = started();
+        pw.println("Offload HALs " + (isStarted ? "started" : "not started"));
+        pw.println("Offload Control HAL version: "
+                + OffloadHardwareInterface.halVerToString(mControlHalVersion));
+        LinkProperties lp = mUpstreamLinkProperties;
+        String upstream = (lp != null) ? lp.getInterfaceName() : null;
+        pw.println("Current upstream: " + upstream);
+        pw.println("Exempt prefixes: " + mLastLocalPrefixStrs);
+        pw.println("NAT timeout update callbacks received during the "
+                + (isStarted ? "current" : "last")
+                + " offload session: "
+                + mNatUpdateCallbacksReceived);
+        pw.println("NAT timeout update netlink errors during the "
+                + (isStarted ? "current" : "last")
+                + " offload session: "
+                + mNatUpdateNetlinkErrors);
+    }
+
+    private void updateNatTimeout(
+            int proto, String srcAddr, int srcPort, String dstAddr, int dstPort) {
+        final String protoName = protoNameFor(proto);
+        if (protoName == null) {
+            mLog.e("Unknown NAT update callback protocol: " + proto);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final Inet4Address src = parseIPv4Address(srcAddr);
+        if (src == null) {
+            mLog.e("Failed to parse IPv4 address: " + srcAddr);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (!isValidUdpOrTcpPort(srcPort)) {
+            mLog.e("Invalid src port: " + srcPort);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final Inet4Address dst = parseIPv4Address(dstAddr);
+        if (dst == null) {
+            mLog.e("Failed to parse IPv4 address: " + dstAddr);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (!isValidUdpOrTcpPort(dstPort)) {
+            mLog.e("Invalid dst port: " + dstPort);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        mNatUpdateCallbacksReceived++;
+        final String natDescription = String.format("%s (%s, %s) -> (%s, %s)",
+                protoName, srcAddr, srcPort, dstAddr, dstPort);
+        if (DBG) {
+            mLog.log("NAT timeout update: " + natDescription);
+        }
+
+        final int timeoutSec = connectionTimeoutUpdateSecondsFor(proto);
+        final byte[] msg = ConntrackMessage.newIPv4TimeoutUpdateRequest(
+                proto, src, srcPort, dst, dstPort, timeoutSec);
+
+        try {
+            NetlinkSocket.sendOneShotKernelMessage(OsConstants.NETLINK_NETFILTER, msg);
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            mNatUpdateNetlinkErrors++;
+            mLog.e("Error updating NAT conntrack entry >" + natDescription + "<: " + e
+                    + ", msg: " + NetlinkConstants.hexify(msg));
+            mLog.log("NAT timeout update callbacks received: " + mNatUpdateCallbacksReceived);
+            mLog.log("NAT timeout update netlink errors: " + mNatUpdateNetlinkErrors);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static Inet4Address parseIPv4Address(String addrString) {
+        try {
+            final InetAddress ip = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(addrString);
+            // TODO: Consider other sanitization steps here, including perhaps:
+            //           not eql to 0.0.0.0
+            //           not within 169.254.0.0/16
+            //           not within ::ffff:0.0.0.0/96
+            //           not within ::/96
+            // et cetera.
+            if (ip instanceof Inet4Address) {
+                return (Inet4Address) ip;
+            }
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) { }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private static String protoNameFor(int proto) {
+        // OsConstants values are not constant expressions; no switch statement.
+        if (proto == OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP) {
+            return "UDP";
+        } else if (proto == OsConstants.IPPROTO_TCP) {
+            return "TCP";
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private static int connectionTimeoutUpdateSecondsFor(int proto) {
+        // TODO: Replace this with more thoughtful work, perhaps reading from
+        // and maybe writing to any required
+        //
+        //     /proc/sys/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_*
+        //     /proc/sys/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_udp_timeout{,_stream}
+        //
+        // entries.  TBD.
+        if (proto == OsConstants.IPPROTO_TCP) {
+            // Cf. /proc/sys/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established
+            return 432000;
+        } else {
+            // Cf. /proc/sys/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_udp_timeout_stream
+            return 180;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isValidUdpOrTcpPort(int port) {
+        return port > 0 && port < 65536;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadHardwareInterface.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadHardwareInterface.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9da66d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadHardwareInterface.java
@@ -0,0 +1,695 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.StructNlMsgHdr.NLM_F_DUMP;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.StructNlMsgHdr.NLM_F_REQUEST;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.TetheringUtils.uint16;
+
+import android.annotation.IntDef;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.hardware.tetheroffload.config.V1_0.IOffloadConfig;
+import android.hardware.tetheroffload.control.V1_0.IOffloadControl;
+import android.hardware.tetheroffload.control.V1_0.NatTimeoutUpdate;
+import android.hardware.tetheroffload.control.V1_0.NetworkProtocol;
+import android.hardware.tetheroffload.control.V1_0.OffloadCallbackEvent;
+import android.hardware.tetheroffload.control.V1_1.ITetheringOffloadCallback;
+import android.net.util.SharedLog;
+import android.net.util.SocketUtils;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.NativeHandle;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.system.Os;
+import android.system.OsConstants;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.Pair;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkSocket;
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.StructNfGenMsg;
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.StructNlMsgHdr;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InterruptedIOException;
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.net.SocketAddress;
+import java.net.SocketException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+
+
+/**
+ * Capture tethering dependencies, for injection.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class OffloadHardwareInterface {
+    private static final String TAG = OffloadHardwareInterface.class.getSimpleName();
+    private static final String YIELDS = " -> ";
+    // Change this value to control whether tether offload is enabled or
+    // disabled by default in the absence of an explicit Settings value.
+    // See accompanying unittest to distinguish 0 from non-0 values.
+    private static final int DEFAULT_TETHER_OFFLOAD_DISABLED = 0;
+    private static final String NO_INTERFACE_NAME = "";
+    private static final String NO_IPV4_ADDRESS = "";
+    private static final String NO_IPV4_GATEWAY = "";
+    // Reference kernel/uapi/linux/netfilter/nfnetlink_compat.h
+    public static final int NF_NETLINK_CONNTRACK_NEW = 1;
+    public static final int NF_NETLINK_CONNTRACK_UPDATE = 2;
+    public static final int NF_NETLINK_CONNTRACK_DESTROY = 4;
+    // Reference libnetfilter_conntrack/linux_nfnetlink_conntrack.h
+    public static final short NFNL_SUBSYS_CTNETLINK = 1;
+    public static final short IPCTNL_MSG_CT_NEW = 0;
+    public static final short IPCTNL_MSG_CT_GET = 1;
+
+    private final long NETLINK_MESSAGE_TIMEOUT_MS = 500;
+
+    private final Handler mHandler;
+    private final SharedLog mLog;
+    private final Dependencies mDeps;
+    private IOffloadControl mOffloadControl;
+
+    // TODO: Use major-minor version control to prevent from defining new constants.
+    static final int OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_NONE = 0;
+    static final int OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_0 = 1;
+    static final int OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_1 = 2;
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(prefix = "OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_", value = {
+            OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_NONE,
+            OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_0,
+            OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_1
+    })
+    public @interface OffloadHalVersion {}
+    @OffloadHalVersion
+    private int mOffloadControlVersion = OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_NONE;
+
+    @NonNull
+    static String halVerToString(int version) {
+        switch(version) {
+            case OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_0:
+                return "1.0";
+            case OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_1:
+                return "1.1";
+            case OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_NONE:
+                return "None";
+            default:
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported version int " + version);
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    private TetheringOffloadCallback mTetheringOffloadCallback;
+    private ControlCallback mControlCallback;
+
+    /** The callback to notify status of offload management process. */
+    public static class ControlCallback {
+        /** Offload started. */
+        public void onStarted() {}
+        /**
+         * Offload stopped because an error has occurred in lower layer.
+         */
+        public void onStoppedError() {}
+        /**
+         * Offload stopped because the device has moved to a bearer on which hardware offload is
+         * not supported. Subsequent calls to setUpstreamParameters and add/removeDownstream will
+         * likely fail and cannot be presumed to be saved inside of the hardware management process.
+         * Upon receiving #onSupportAvailable(), the caller should reprogram the hardware to begin
+         * offload again.
+         */
+        public void onStoppedUnsupported() {}
+        /** Indicate that offload is able to proivde support for this time. */
+        public void onSupportAvailable() {}
+        /** Offload stopped because of usage limit reached. */
+        public void onStoppedLimitReached() {}
+        /** Indicate that data warning quota is reached. */
+        public void onWarningReached() {}
+
+        /** Indicate to update NAT timeout. */
+        public void onNatTimeoutUpdate(int proto,
+                                       String srcAddr, int srcPort,
+                                       String dstAddr, int dstPort) {}
+    }
+
+    /** The object which records Tx/Rx forwarded bytes. */
+    public static class ForwardedStats {
+        public long rxBytes;
+        public long txBytes;
+
+        public ForwardedStats() {
+            rxBytes = 0;
+            txBytes = 0;
+        }
+
+        @VisibleForTesting
+        public ForwardedStats(long rxBytes, long txBytes) {
+            this.rxBytes = rxBytes;
+            this.txBytes = txBytes;
+        }
+
+        /** Add Tx/Rx bytes. */
+        public void add(ForwardedStats other) {
+            rxBytes += other.rxBytes;
+            txBytes += other.txBytes;
+        }
+
+        /** Returns the string representation of this object. */
+        public String toString() {
+            return String.format("rx:%s tx:%s", rxBytes, txBytes);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public OffloadHardwareInterface(Handler h, SharedLog log) {
+        this(h, log, new Dependencies(log));
+    }
+
+    OffloadHardwareInterface(Handler h, SharedLog log, Dependencies deps) {
+        mHandler = h;
+        mLog = log.forSubComponent(TAG);
+        mDeps = deps;
+    }
+
+    /** Capture OffloadHardwareInterface dependencies, for injection. */
+    static class Dependencies {
+        private final SharedLog mLog;
+
+        Dependencies(SharedLog log) {
+            mLog = log;
+        }
+
+        public IOffloadConfig getOffloadConfig() {
+            try {
+                return IOffloadConfig.getService(true /*retry*/);
+            } catch (RemoteException | NoSuchElementException e) {
+                mLog.e("getIOffloadConfig error " + e);
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        @NonNull
+        public Pair<IOffloadControl, Integer> getOffloadControl() {
+            IOffloadControl hal = null;
+            int version = OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_NONE;
+            try {
+                hal = android.hardware.tetheroffload.control
+                        .V1_1.IOffloadControl.getService(true /*retry*/);
+                version = OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_1;
+            } catch (NoSuchElementException e) {
+                // Unsupported by device.
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                mLog.e("Unable to get offload control " + OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_1);
+            }
+            if (hal == null) {
+                try {
+                    hal = IOffloadControl.getService(true /*retry*/);
+                    version = OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_0;
+                } catch (NoSuchElementException e) {
+                    // Unsupported by device.
+                } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                    mLog.e("Unable to get offload control " + OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_0);
+                }
+            }
+            return new Pair<IOffloadControl, Integer>(hal, version);
+        }
+
+        public NativeHandle createConntrackSocket(final int groups) {
+            final FileDescriptor fd;
+            try {
+                fd = NetlinkSocket.forProto(OsConstants.NETLINK_NETFILTER);
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                mLog.e("Unable to create conntrack socket " + e);
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            final SocketAddress sockAddr = SocketUtils.makeNetlinkSocketAddress(0, groups);
+            try {
+                Os.bind(fd, sockAddr);
+            } catch (ErrnoException | SocketException e) {
+                mLog.e("Unable to bind conntrack socket for groups " + groups + " error: " + e);
+                try {
+                    SocketUtils.closeSocket(fd);
+                } catch (IOException ie) {
+                    // Nothing we can do here
+                }
+                return null;
+            }
+            try {
+                Os.connect(fd, sockAddr);
+            } catch (ErrnoException | SocketException e) {
+                mLog.e("connect to kernel fail for groups " + groups + " error: " + e);
+                try {
+                    SocketUtils.closeSocket(fd);
+                } catch (IOException ie) {
+                    // Nothing we can do here
+                }
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            return new NativeHandle(fd, true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Get default value indicating whether offload is supported. */
+    public int getDefaultTetherOffloadDisabled() {
+        return DEFAULT_TETHER_OFFLOAD_DISABLED;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Offload management process need to know conntrack rules to support NAT, but it may not have
+     * permission to create netlink netfilter sockets. Create two netlink netfilter sockets and
+     * share them with offload management process.
+     */
+    public boolean initOffloadConfig() {
+        final IOffloadConfig offloadConfig = mDeps.getOffloadConfig();
+        if (offloadConfig == null) {
+            mLog.e("Could not find IOffloadConfig service");
+            return false;
+        }
+        // Per the IConfigOffload definition:
+        //
+        // h1    provides a file descriptor bound to the following netlink groups
+        //       (NF_NETLINK_CONNTRACK_NEW | NF_NETLINK_CONNTRACK_DESTROY).
+        //
+        // h2    provides a file descriptor bound to the following netlink groups
+        //       (NF_NETLINK_CONNTRACK_UPDATE | NF_NETLINK_CONNTRACK_DESTROY).
+        final NativeHandle h1 = mDeps.createConntrackSocket(
+                NF_NETLINK_CONNTRACK_NEW | NF_NETLINK_CONNTRACK_DESTROY);
+        if (h1 == null) return false;
+
+        sendIpv4NfGenMsg(h1, (short) ((NFNL_SUBSYS_CTNETLINK << 8) | IPCTNL_MSG_CT_GET),
+                           (short) (NLM_F_REQUEST | NLM_F_DUMP));
+
+        final NativeHandle h2 = mDeps.createConntrackSocket(
+                NF_NETLINK_CONNTRACK_UPDATE | NF_NETLINK_CONNTRACK_DESTROY);
+        if (h2 == null) {
+            closeFdInNativeHandle(h1);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        final CbResults results = new CbResults();
+        try {
+            offloadConfig.setHandles(h1, h2,
+                    (boolean success, String errMsg) -> {
+                        results.mSuccess = success;
+                        results.mErrMsg = errMsg;
+                    });
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            record("initOffloadConfig, setHandles fail", e);
+            return false;
+        }
+        // Explicitly close FDs.
+        closeFdInNativeHandle(h1);
+        closeFdInNativeHandle(h2);
+
+        record("initOffloadConfig, setHandles results:", results);
+        return results.mSuccess;
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public void sendIpv4NfGenMsg(@NonNull NativeHandle handle, short type, short flags) {
+        final int length = StructNlMsgHdr.STRUCT_SIZE + StructNfGenMsg.STRUCT_SIZE;
+        final byte[] msg = new byte[length];
+        final ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(msg);
+        byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+
+        final StructNlMsgHdr nlh = new StructNlMsgHdr();
+        nlh.nlmsg_len = length;
+        nlh.nlmsg_type = type;
+        nlh.nlmsg_flags = flags;
+        nlh.nlmsg_seq = 0;
+        nlh.pack(byteBuffer);
+
+        // Header needs to be added to buffer since a generic netlink request is being sent.
+        final StructNfGenMsg nfh = new StructNfGenMsg((byte) OsConstants.AF_INET);
+        nfh.pack(byteBuffer);
+
+        try {
+            NetlinkSocket.sendMessage(handle.getFileDescriptor(), msg, 0 /* offset */, length,
+                                      NETLINK_MESSAGE_TIMEOUT_MS);
+        } catch (ErrnoException | InterruptedIOException e) {
+            mLog.e("Unable to send netfilter message, error: " + e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void closeFdInNativeHandle(final NativeHandle h) {
+        try {
+            h.close();
+        } catch (IOException | IllegalStateException e) {
+            // IllegalStateException means fd is already closed, do nothing here.
+            // Also nothing we can do if IOException.
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Initialize the tethering offload HAL.
+     *
+     * @return one of {@code OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_*} represents the HAL version, or
+     *         {@link #OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_NONE} if failed.
+     */
+    public int initOffloadControl(ControlCallback controlCb) {
+        mControlCallback = controlCb;
+
+        if (mOffloadControl == null) {
+            final Pair<IOffloadControl, Integer> halAndVersion = mDeps.getOffloadControl();
+            mOffloadControl = halAndVersion.first;
+            mOffloadControlVersion = halAndVersion.second;
+            if (mOffloadControl == null) {
+                mLog.e("tethering IOffloadControl.getService() returned null");
+                return OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_NONE;
+            }
+            mLog.i("tethering offload control version "
+                    + halVerToString(mOffloadControlVersion) + " is supported.");
+        }
+
+        final String logmsg = String.format("initOffloadControl(%s)",
+                (controlCb == null) ? "null"
+                        : "0x" + Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(controlCb)));
+
+        mTetheringOffloadCallback = new TetheringOffloadCallback(
+                mHandler, mControlCallback, mLog, mOffloadControlVersion);
+        final CbResults results = new CbResults();
+        try {
+            mOffloadControl.initOffload(
+                    mTetheringOffloadCallback,
+                    (boolean success, String errMsg) -> {
+                        results.mSuccess = success;
+                        results.mErrMsg = errMsg;
+                    });
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            record(logmsg, e);
+            return OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_NONE;
+        }
+
+        record(logmsg, results);
+        return results.mSuccess ? mOffloadControlVersion : OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_NONE;
+    }
+
+    /** Stop IOffloadControl. */
+    public void stopOffloadControl() {
+        if (mOffloadControl != null) {
+            try {
+                mOffloadControl.stopOffload(
+                        (boolean success, String errMsg) -> {
+                            if (!success) mLog.e("stopOffload failed: " + errMsg);
+                        });
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                mLog.e("failed to stopOffload: " + e);
+            }
+        }
+        mOffloadControl = null;
+        mTetheringOffloadCallback = null;
+        mControlCallback = null;
+        mLog.log("stopOffloadControl()");
+    }
+
+    /** Get Tx/Rx usage from last query. */
+    public ForwardedStats getForwardedStats(String upstream) {
+        final String logmsg = String.format("getForwardedStats(%s)",  upstream);
+
+        final ForwardedStats stats = new ForwardedStats();
+        try {
+            mOffloadControl.getForwardedStats(
+                    upstream,
+                    (long rxBytes, long txBytes) -> {
+                        stats.rxBytes = (rxBytes > 0) ? rxBytes : 0;
+                        stats.txBytes = (txBytes > 0) ? txBytes : 0;
+                    });
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            record(logmsg, e);
+            return stats;
+        }
+
+        return stats;
+    }
+
+    /** Set local prefixes to offload management process. */
+    public boolean setLocalPrefixes(ArrayList<String> localPrefixes) {
+        final String logmsg = String.format("setLocalPrefixes([%s])",
+                String.join(",", localPrefixes));
+
+        final CbResults results = new CbResults();
+        try {
+            mOffloadControl.setLocalPrefixes(localPrefixes,
+                    (boolean success, String errMsg) -> {
+                        results.mSuccess = success;
+                        results.mErrMsg = errMsg;
+                    });
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            record(logmsg, e);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        record(logmsg, results);
+        return results.mSuccess;
+    }
+
+    /** Set data limit value to offload management process. */
+    public boolean setDataLimit(String iface, long limit) {
+
+        final String logmsg = String.format("setDataLimit(%s, %d)", iface, limit);
+
+        final CbResults results = new CbResults();
+        try {
+            mOffloadControl.setDataLimit(
+                    iface, limit,
+                    (boolean success, String errMsg) -> {
+                        results.mSuccess = success;
+                        results.mErrMsg = errMsg;
+                    });
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            record(logmsg, e);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        record(logmsg, results);
+        return results.mSuccess;
+    }
+
+    /** Set data warning and limit value to offload management process. */
+    public boolean setDataWarningAndLimit(String iface, long warning, long limit) {
+        if (mOffloadControlVersion < OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_1) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "setDataWarningAndLimit is not supported below HAL V1.1");
+        }
+        final String logmsg =
+                String.format("setDataWarningAndLimit(%s, %d, %d)", iface, warning, limit);
+
+        final CbResults results = new CbResults();
+        try {
+            ((android.hardware.tetheroffload.control.V1_1.IOffloadControl) mOffloadControl)
+                    .setDataWarningAndLimit(
+                            iface, warning, limit,
+                            (boolean success, String errMsg) -> {
+                                results.mSuccess = success;
+                                results.mErrMsg = errMsg;
+                            });
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            record(logmsg, e);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        record(logmsg, results);
+        return results.mSuccess;
+    }
+
+    /** Set upstream parameters to offload management process. */
+    public boolean setUpstreamParameters(
+            String iface, String v4addr, String v4gateway, ArrayList<String> v6gws) {
+        iface = (iface != null) ? iface : NO_INTERFACE_NAME;
+        v4addr = (v4addr != null) ? v4addr : NO_IPV4_ADDRESS;
+        v4gateway = (v4gateway != null) ? v4gateway : NO_IPV4_GATEWAY;
+        v6gws = (v6gws != null) ? v6gws : new ArrayList<>();
+
+        final String logmsg = String.format("setUpstreamParameters(%s, %s, %s, [%s])",
+                iface, v4addr, v4gateway, String.join(",", v6gws));
+
+        final CbResults results = new CbResults();
+        try {
+            mOffloadControl.setUpstreamParameters(
+                    iface, v4addr, v4gateway, v6gws,
+                    (boolean success, String errMsg) -> {
+                        results.mSuccess = success;
+                        results.mErrMsg = errMsg;
+                    });
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            record(logmsg, e);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        record(logmsg, results);
+        return results.mSuccess;
+    }
+
+    /** Add downstream prefix to offload management process. */
+    public boolean addDownstreamPrefix(String ifname, String prefix) {
+        final String logmsg = String.format("addDownstreamPrefix(%s, %s)", ifname, prefix);
+
+        final CbResults results = new CbResults();
+        try {
+            mOffloadControl.addDownstream(ifname, prefix,
+                    (boolean success, String errMsg) -> {
+                        results.mSuccess = success;
+                        results.mErrMsg = errMsg;
+                    });
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            record(logmsg, e);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        record(logmsg, results);
+        return results.mSuccess;
+    }
+
+    /** Remove downstream prefix from offload management process. */
+    public boolean removeDownstreamPrefix(String ifname, String prefix) {
+        final String logmsg = String.format("removeDownstreamPrefix(%s, %s)", ifname, prefix);
+
+        final CbResults results = new CbResults();
+        try {
+            mOffloadControl.removeDownstream(ifname, prefix,
+                    (boolean success, String errMsg) -> {
+                        results.mSuccess = success;
+                        results.mErrMsg = errMsg;
+                    });
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            record(logmsg, e);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        record(logmsg, results);
+        return results.mSuccess;
+    }
+
+    private void record(String msg, Throwable t) {
+        mLog.e(msg + YIELDS + "exception: " + t);
+    }
+
+    private void record(String msg, CbResults results) {
+        final String logmsg = msg + YIELDS + results;
+        if (!results.mSuccess) {
+            mLog.e(logmsg);
+        } else {
+            mLog.log(logmsg);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class TetheringOffloadCallback extends ITetheringOffloadCallback.Stub {
+        public final Handler handler;
+        public final ControlCallback controlCb;
+        public final SharedLog log;
+        private final int mOffloadControlVersion;
+
+        TetheringOffloadCallback(
+                Handler h, ControlCallback cb, SharedLog sharedLog, int offloadControlVersion) {
+            handler = h;
+            controlCb = cb;
+            log = sharedLog;
+            this.mOffloadControlVersion = offloadControlVersion;
+        }
+
+        private void handleOnEvent(int event) {
+            switch (event) {
+                case OffloadCallbackEvent.OFFLOAD_STARTED:
+                    controlCb.onStarted();
+                    break;
+                case OffloadCallbackEvent.OFFLOAD_STOPPED_ERROR:
+                    controlCb.onStoppedError();
+                    break;
+                case OffloadCallbackEvent.OFFLOAD_STOPPED_UNSUPPORTED:
+                    controlCb.onStoppedUnsupported();
+                    break;
+                case OffloadCallbackEvent.OFFLOAD_SUPPORT_AVAILABLE:
+                    controlCb.onSupportAvailable();
+                    break;
+                case OffloadCallbackEvent.OFFLOAD_STOPPED_LIMIT_REACHED:
+                    controlCb.onStoppedLimitReached();
+                    break;
+                case android.hardware.tetheroffload.control
+                        .V1_1.OffloadCallbackEvent.OFFLOAD_WARNING_REACHED:
+                    controlCb.onWarningReached();
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    log.e("Unsupported OffloadCallbackEvent: " + event);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onEvent(int event) {
+            // The implementation should never call onEvent()) if the event is already reported
+            // through newer callback.
+            if (mOffloadControlVersion > OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_0) {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "onEvent(" + event + ") fired on HAL "
+                        + halVerToString(mOffloadControlVersion));
+            }
+            handler.post(() -> {
+                handleOnEvent(event);
+            });
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onEvent_1_1(int event) {
+            if (mOffloadControlVersion < OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_1) {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "onEvent_1_1(" + event + ") fired on HAL "
+                        + halVerToString(mOffloadControlVersion));
+                return;
+            }
+            handler.post(() -> {
+                handleOnEvent(event);
+            });
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void updateTimeout(NatTimeoutUpdate params) {
+            handler.post(() -> {
+                controlCb.onNatTimeoutUpdate(
+                        networkProtocolToOsConstant(params.proto),
+                        params.src.addr, uint16(params.src.port),
+                        params.dst.addr, uint16(params.dst.port));
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static int networkProtocolToOsConstant(int proto) {
+        switch (proto) {
+            case NetworkProtocol.TCP: return OsConstants.IPPROTO_TCP;
+            case NetworkProtocol.UDP: return OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP;
+            default:
+                // The caller checks this value and will log an error. Just make
+                // sure it won't collide with valid OsContants.IPPROTO_* values.
+                return -Math.abs(proto);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class CbResults {
+        boolean mSuccess;
+        String mErrMsg;
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            if (mSuccess) {
+                return "ok";
+            } else {
+                return "fail: " + mErrMsg;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/PrivateAddressCoordinator.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/PrivateAddressCoordinator.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc2422f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/PrivateAddressCoordinator.java
@@ -0,0 +1,413 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_BLUETOOTH;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI_P2P;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.Inet4AddressUtils.inet4AddressToIntHTH;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.Inet4AddressUtils.intToInet4AddressHTH;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.Inet4AddressUtils.prefixLengthToV4NetmaskIntHTH;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.PrefixUtils.asIpPrefix;
+
+import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.ip.IpServer;
+import android.util.ArrayMap;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
+import android.util.SparseArray;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.internal.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
+
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Random;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * This class coordinate IP addresses conflict problem.
+ *
+ * Tethering downstream IP addresses may conflict with network assigned addresses. This
+ * coordinator is responsible for recording all of network assigned addresses and dispatched
+ * free address to downstream interfaces.
+ *
+ * This class is not thread-safe and should be accessed on the same tethering internal thread.
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class PrivateAddressCoordinator {
+    public static final int PREFIX_LENGTH = 24;
+
+    // Upstream monitor would be stopped when tethering is down. When tethering restart, downstream
+    // address may be requested before coordinator get current upstream notification. To ensure
+    // coordinator do not select conflict downstream prefix, mUpstreamPrefixMap would not be cleared
+    // when tethering is down. Instead tethering would remove all deprecated upstreams from
+    // mUpstreamPrefixMap when tethering is starting. See #maybeRemoveDeprecatedUpstreams().
+    private final ArrayMap<Network, List<IpPrefix>> mUpstreamPrefixMap;
+    private final ArraySet<IpServer> mDownstreams;
+    private static final String LEGACY_WIFI_P2P_IFACE_ADDRESS = "192.168.49.1/24";
+    private static final String LEGACY_BLUETOOTH_IFACE_ADDRESS = "192.168.44.1/24";
+    private final List<IpPrefix> mTetheringPrefixes;
+    private final ConnectivityManager mConnectivityMgr;
+    private final TetheringConfiguration mConfig;
+    // keyed by downstream type(TetheringManager.TETHERING_*).
+    private final SparseArray<LinkAddress> mCachedAddresses;
+
+    public PrivateAddressCoordinator(Context context, TetheringConfiguration config) {
+        mDownstreams = new ArraySet<>();
+        mUpstreamPrefixMap = new ArrayMap<>();
+        mConnectivityMgr = (ConnectivityManager) context.getSystemService(
+                Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
+        mConfig = config;
+        mCachedAddresses = new SparseArray<>();
+        // Reserved static addresses for bluetooth and wifi p2p.
+        mCachedAddresses.put(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH, new LinkAddress(LEGACY_BLUETOOTH_IFACE_ADDRESS));
+        mCachedAddresses.put(TETHERING_WIFI_P2P, new LinkAddress(LEGACY_WIFI_P2P_IFACE_ADDRESS));
+
+        mTetheringPrefixes = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(new IpPrefix("192.168.0.0/16"),
+            new IpPrefix("172.16.0.0/12"), new IpPrefix("10.0.0.0/8")));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Record a new upstream IpPrefix which may conflict with tethering downstreams.
+     * The downstreams will be notified if a conflict is found. When updateUpstreamPrefix is called,
+     * UpstreamNetworkState must have an already populated LinkProperties.
+     */
+    public void updateUpstreamPrefix(final UpstreamNetworkState ns) {
+        // Do not support VPN as upstream. Normally, networkCapabilities is not expected to be null,
+        // but just checking to be sure.
+        if (ns.networkCapabilities != null && ns.networkCapabilities.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN)) {
+            removeUpstreamPrefix(ns.network);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final ArrayList<IpPrefix> ipv4Prefixes = getIpv4Prefixes(
+                ns.linkProperties.getAllLinkAddresses());
+        if (ipv4Prefixes.isEmpty()) {
+            removeUpstreamPrefix(ns.network);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        mUpstreamPrefixMap.put(ns.network, ipv4Prefixes);
+        handleMaybePrefixConflict(ipv4Prefixes);
+    }
+
+    private ArrayList<IpPrefix> getIpv4Prefixes(final List<LinkAddress> linkAddresses) {
+        final ArrayList<IpPrefix> list = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (LinkAddress address : linkAddresses) {
+            if (!address.isIpv4()) continue;
+
+            list.add(asIpPrefix(address));
+        }
+
+        return list;
+    }
+
+    private void handleMaybePrefixConflict(final List<IpPrefix> prefixes) {
+        for (IpServer downstream : mDownstreams) {
+            final IpPrefix target = getDownstreamPrefix(downstream);
+
+            for (IpPrefix source : prefixes) {
+                if (isConflictPrefix(source, target)) {
+                    downstream.sendMessage(IpServer.CMD_NOTIFY_PREFIX_CONFLICT);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Remove IpPrefix records corresponding to input network. */
+    public void removeUpstreamPrefix(final Network network) {
+        mUpstreamPrefixMap.remove(network);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Maybe remove deprecated upstream records, this would be called once tethering started without
+     * any exiting tethered downstream.
+     */
+    public void maybeRemoveDeprecatedUpstreams() {
+        if (mUpstreamPrefixMap.isEmpty()) return;
+
+        // Remove all upstreams that are no longer valid networks
+        final Set<Network> toBeRemoved = new HashSet<>(mUpstreamPrefixMap.keySet());
+        toBeRemoved.removeAll(asList(mConnectivityMgr.getAllNetworks()));
+
+        mUpstreamPrefixMap.removeAll(toBeRemoved);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Pick a random available address and mark its prefix as in use for the provided IpServer,
+     * returns null if there is no available address.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public LinkAddress requestDownstreamAddress(final IpServer ipServer, boolean useLastAddress) {
+        if (mConfig.shouldEnableWifiP2pDedicatedIp()
+                && ipServer.interfaceType() == TETHERING_WIFI_P2P) {
+            return new LinkAddress(LEGACY_WIFI_P2P_IFACE_ADDRESS);
+        }
+
+        final LinkAddress cachedAddress = mCachedAddresses.get(ipServer.interfaceType());
+        if (useLastAddress && cachedAddress != null
+                && !isConflictWithUpstream(asIpPrefix(cachedAddress))) {
+            mDownstreams.add(ipServer);
+            return cachedAddress;
+        }
+
+        for (IpPrefix prefixRange : mTetheringPrefixes) {
+            final LinkAddress newAddress = chooseDownstreamAddress(prefixRange);
+            if (newAddress != null) {
+                mDownstreams.add(ipServer);
+                mCachedAddresses.put(ipServer.interfaceType(), newAddress);
+                return newAddress;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // No available address.
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private int getPrefixBaseAddress(final IpPrefix prefix) {
+        return inet4AddressToIntHTH((Inet4Address) prefix.getAddress());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check whether input prefix conflict with upstream prefixes or in-use downstream prefixes.
+     * If yes, return one of them.
+     */
+    private IpPrefix getConflictPrefix(final IpPrefix prefix) {
+        final IpPrefix upstream = getConflictWithUpstream(prefix);
+        if (upstream != null) return upstream;
+
+        return getInUseDownstreamPrefix(prefix);
+    }
+
+    // Get the next non-conflict sub prefix. E.g: To get next sub prefix from 10.0.0.0/8, if the
+    // previously selected prefix is 10.20.42.0/24(subPrefix: 0.20.42.0) and the conflicting prefix
+    // is 10.16.0.0/20 (10.16.0.0 ~ 10.16.15.255), then the max address under subPrefix is
+    // 0.16.15.255 and the next subPrefix is 0.16.16.255/24 (0.16.15.255 + 0.0.1.0).
+    // Note: the sub address 0.0.0.255 here is fine to be any value that it will be replaced as
+    // selected random sub address later.
+    private int getNextSubPrefix(final IpPrefix conflictPrefix, final int prefixRangeMask) {
+        final int suffixMask = ~prefixLengthToV4NetmaskIntHTH(conflictPrefix.getPrefixLength());
+        // The largest offset within the prefix assignment block that still conflicts with
+        // conflictPrefix.
+        final int maxConflict =
+                (getPrefixBaseAddress(conflictPrefix) | suffixMask) & ~prefixRangeMask;
+
+        final int prefixMask = prefixLengthToV4NetmaskIntHTH(PREFIX_LENGTH);
+        // Pick a sub prefix a full prefix (1 << (32 - PREFIX_LENGTH) addresses) greater than
+        // maxConflict. This ensures that the selected prefix never overlaps with conflictPrefix.
+        // There is no need to mask the result with PREFIX_LENGTH bits because this is done by
+        // findAvailablePrefixFromRange when it constructs the prefix.
+        return maxConflict + (1 << (32 - PREFIX_LENGTH));
+    }
+
+    private LinkAddress chooseDownstreamAddress(final IpPrefix prefixRange) {
+        // The netmask of the prefix assignment block (e.g., 0xfff00000 for 172.16.0.0/12).
+        final int prefixRangeMask = prefixLengthToV4NetmaskIntHTH(prefixRange.getPrefixLength());
+
+        // The zero address in the block (e.g., 0xac100000 for 172.16.0.0/12).
+        final int baseAddress = getPrefixBaseAddress(prefixRange);
+
+        // The subnet mask corresponding to PREFIX_LENGTH.
+        final int prefixMask = prefixLengthToV4NetmaskIntHTH(PREFIX_LENGTH);
+
+        // The offset within prefixRange of a randomly-selected prefix of length PREFIX_LENGTH.
+        // This may not be the prefix of the address returned by this method:
+        // - If it is already in use, the method will return an address in another prefix.
+        // - If all prefixes within prefixRange are in use, the method will return null. For
+        // example, for a /24 prefix within 172.26.0.0/12, this will be a multiple of 256 in
+        // [0, 1048576). In other words, a random 32-bit number with mask 0x000fff00.
+        //
+        // prefixRangeMask is required to ensure no wrapping. For example, consider:
+        // - prefixRange 127.0.0.0/8
+        // - randomPrefixStart 127.255.255.0
+        // - A conflicting prefix of 127.255.254.0/23
+        // In this case without prefixRangeMask, getNextSubPrefix would return 128.0.0.0, which
+        // means the "start < end" check in findAvailablePrefixFromRange would not reject the prefix
+        // because Java doesn't have unsigned integers, so 128.0.0.0 = 0x80000000 = -2147483648
+        // is less than 127.0.0.0 = 0x7f000000 = 2130706432.
+        //
+        // Additionally, it makes debug output easier to read by making the numbers smaller.
+        final int randomPrefixStart = getRandomInt() & ~prefixRangeMask & prefixMask;
+
+        // A random offset within the prefix. Used to determine the local address once the prefix
+        // is selected. It does not result in an IPv4 address ending in .0, .1, or .255
+        // For a PREFIX_LENGTH of 255, this is a number between 2 and 254.
+        final int subAddress = getSanitizedSubAddr(~prefixMask);
+
+        // Find a prefix length PREFIX_LENGTH between randomPrefixStart and the end of the block,
+        // such that the prefix does not conflict with any upstream.
+        IpPrefix downstreamPrefix = findAvailablePrefixFromRange(
+                 randomPrefixStart, (~prefixRangeMask) + 1, baseAddress, prefixRangeMask);
+        if (downstreamPrefix != null) return getLinkAddress(downstreamPrefix, subAddress);
+
+        // If that failed, do the same, but between 0 and randomPrefixStart.
+        downstreamPrefix = findAvailablePrefixFromRange(
+                0, randomPrefixStart, baseAddress, prefixRangeMask);
+
+        return getLinkAddress(downstreamPrefix, subAddress);
+    }
+
+    private LinkAddress getLinkAddress(final IpPrefix prefix, final int subAddress) {
+        if (prefix == null) return null;
+
+        final InetAddress address = intToInet4AddressHTH(getPrefixBaseAddress(prefix) | subAddress);
+        return new LinkAddress(address, PREFIX_LENGTH);
+    }
+
+    private IpPrefix findAvailablePrefixFromRange(final int start, final int end,
+            final int baseAddress, final int prefixRangeMask) {
+        int newSubPrefix = start;
+        while (newSubPrefix < end) {
+            final InetAddress address = intToInet4AddressHTH(baseAddress | newSubPrefix);
+            final IpPrefix prefix = new IpPrefix(address, PREFIX_LENGTH);
+
+            final IpPrefix conflictPrefix = getConflictPrefix(prefix);
+
+            if (conflictPrefix == null) return prefix;
+
+            newSubPrefix = getNextSubPrefix(conflictPrefix, prefixRangeMask);
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /** Get random int which could be used to generate random address. */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public int getRandomInt() {
+        return (new Random()).nextInt();
+    }
+
+    /** Get random subAddress and avoid selecting x.x.x.0, x.x.x.1 and x.x.x.255 address. */
+    private int getSanitizedSubAddr(final int subAddrMask) {
+        final int randomSubAddr = getRandomInt() & subAddrMask;
+        // If prefix length > 30, the selecting speace would be less than 4 which may be hard to
+        // avoid 3 consecutive address.
+        if (PREFIX_LENGTH > 30) return randomSubAddr;
+
+        // TODO: maybe it is not necessary to avoid .0, .1 and .255 address because tethering
+        // address would not be conflicted. This code only works because PREFIX_LENGTH is not longer
+        // than 24
+        final int candidate = randomSubAddr & 0xff;
+        if (candidate == 0 || candidate == 1 || candidate == 255) {
+            return (randomSubAddr & 0xfffffffc) + 2;
+        }
+
+        return randomSubAddr;
+    }
+
+    /** Release downstream record for IpServer. */
+    public void releaseDownstream(final IpServer ipServer) {
+        mDownstreams.remove(ipServer);
+    }
+
+    /** Clear current upstream prefixes records. */
+    public void clearUpstreamPrefixes() {
+        mUpstreamPrefixMap.clear();
+    }
+
+    private IpPrefix getConflictWithUpstream(final IpPrefix prefix) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < mUpstreamPrefixMap.size(); i++) {
+            final List<IpPrefix> list = mUpstreamPrefixMap.valueAt(i);
+            for (IpPrefix upstream : list) {
+                if (isConflictPrefix(prefix, upstream)) return upstream;
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isConflictWithUpstream(final IpPrefix prefix) {
+        return getConflictWithUpstream(prefix) != null;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isConflictPrefix(final IpPrefix prefix1, final IpPrefix prefix2) {
+        if (prefix2.getPrefixLength() < prefix1.getPrefixLength()) {
+            return prefix2.contains(prefix1.getAddress());
+        }
+
+        return prefix1.contains(prefix2.getAddress());
+    }
+
+    // InUse Prefixes are prefixes of mCachedAddresses which are active downstream addresses, last
+    // downstream addresses(reserved for next time) and static addresses(e.g. bluetooth, wifi p2p).
+    private IpPrefix getInUseDownstreamPrefix(final IpPrefix prefix) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < mCachedAddresses.size(); i++) {
+            final IpPrefix downstream = asIpPrefix(mCachedAddresses.valueAt(i));
+            if (isConflictPrefix(prefix, downstream)) return downstream;
+        }
+
+        // IpServer may use manually-defined address (mStaticIpv4ServerAddr) which does not include
+        // in mCachedAddresses.
+        for (IpServer downstream : mDownstreams) {
+            final IpPrefix target = getDownstreamPrefix(downstream);
+
+            if (isConflictPrefix(prefix, target)) return target;
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    private IpPrefix getDownstreamPrefix(final IpServer downstream) {
+        final LinkAddress address = downstream.getAddress();
+
+        return asIpPrefix(address);
+    }
+
+    void dump(final IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
+        pw.println("mTetheringPrefixes:");
+        pw.increaseIndent();
+        for (IpPrefix prefix : mTetheringPrefixes) {
+            pw.println(prefix);
+        }
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
+
+        pw.println("mUpstreamPrefixMap:");
+        pw.increaseIndent();
+        for (int i = 0; i < mUpstreamPrefixMap.size(); i++) {
+            pw.println(mUpstreamPrefixMap.keyAt(i) + " - " + mUpstreamPrefixMap.valueAt(i));
+        }
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
+
+        pw.println("mDownstreams:");
+        pw.increaseIndent();
+        for (IpServer ipServer : mDownstreams) {
+            pw.println(ipServer.interfaceType() + " - " + ipServer.getAddress());
+        }
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
+
+        pw.println("mCachedAddresses:");
+        pw.increaseIndent();
+        for (int i = 0; i < mCachedAddresses.size(); i++) {
+            pw.println(mCachedAddresses.keyAt(i) + " - " + mCachedAddresses.valueAt(i));
+        }
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tether6Value.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tether6Value.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b3107fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tether6Value.java
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+
+import android.net.MacAddress;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/** Value type for downstream and upstream IPv6 forwarding maps. */
+public class Tether6Value extends Struct {
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.S32)
+    public final int oif; // The output interface index.
+
+    // The ethhdr struct which is defined in uapi/linux/if_ether.h
+    @Field(order = 1, type = Type.EUI48)
+    public final MacAddress ethDstMac; // The destination mac address.
+    @Field(order = 2, type = Type.EUI48)
+    public final MacAddress ethSrcMac; // The source mac address.
+    @Field(order = 3, type = Type.UBE16)
+    public final int ethProto; // Packet type ID field.
+
+    @Field(order = 4, type = Type.U16)
+    public final int pmtu; // The maximum L3 output path/route mtu.
+
+    public Tether6Value(final int oif, @NonNull final MacAddress ethDstMac,
+            @NonNull final MacAddress ethSrcMac, final int ethProto, final int pmtu) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(ethSrcMac);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(ethDstMac);
+
+        this.oif = oif;
+        this.ethDstMac = ethDstMac;
+        this.ethSrcMac = ethSrcMac;
+        this.ethProto = ethProto;
+        this.pmtu = pmtu;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return String.format("oif: %d, dstMac: %s, srcMac: %s, proto: %d, pmtu: %d", oif,
+                ethDstMac, ethSrcMac, ethProto, pmtu);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherDevKey.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherDevKey.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4283c1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherDevKey.java
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Field;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Type;
+
+/** The key of BpfMap which is used for mapping interface index. */
+public class TetherDevKey extends Struct {
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U32)
+    public final long ifIndex;  // interface index
+
+    public TetherDevKey(final long ifIndex) {
+        this.ifIndex = ifIndex;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherDevValue.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherDevValue.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1cd99b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherDevValue.java
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Field;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Type;
+
+/** The key of BpfMap which is used for mapping interface index. */
+public class TetherDevValue extends Struct {
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U32)
+    public final long ifIndex;  // interface index
+
+    public TetherDevValue(final long ifIndex) {
+        this.ifIndex = ifIndex;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherDownstream6Key.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherDownstream6Key.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a08ad4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherDownstream6Key.java
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+
+import android.net.MacAddress;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Field;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Type;
+
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/** The key of BpfMap which is used for bpf offload. */
+public class TetherDownstream6Key extends Struct {
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U32)
+    public final long iif; // The input interface index.
+
+    @Field(order = 1, type = Type.EUI48, padding = 2)
+    public final MacAddress dstMac; // Destination ethernet mac address (zeroed iff rawip ingress).
+
+    @Field(order = 2, type = Type.ByteArray, arraysize = 16)
+    public final byte[] neigh6; // The destination IPv6 address.
+
+    public TetherDownstream6Key(final long iif, @NonNull final MacAddress dstMac,
+            final byte[] neigh6) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(dstMac);
+
+        try {
+            final Inet6Address unused = (Inet6Address) InetAddress.getByAddress(neigh6);
+        } catch (ClassCastException | UnknownHostException e) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid IPv6 address: "
+                    + Arrays.toString(neigh6));
+        }
+        this.iif = iif;
+        this.dstMac = dstMac;
+        this.neigh6 = neigh6;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        try {
+            return String.format("iif: %d, dstMac: %s, neigh: %s", iif, dstMac,
+                    Inet6Address.getByAddress(neigh6));
+        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
+            // Should not happen because construtor already verify neigh6.
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid TetherDownstream6Key");
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherLimitKey.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherLimitKey.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc9bb47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherLimitKey.java
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Field;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Type;
+
+/** The key of BpfMap which is used for tethering per-interface limit. */
+public class TetherLimitKey extends Struct {
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U32)
+    public final long ifindex;  // upstream interface index
+
+    public TetherLimitKey(final long ifindex) {
+        this.ifindex = ifindex;
+    }
+
+    // TODO: remove equals, hashCode and toString once aosp/1536721 is merged.
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+        if (this == obj) return true;
+
+        if (!(obj instanceof TetherLimitKey)) return false;
+
+        final TetherLimitKey that = (TetherLimitKey) obj;
+
+        return ifindex == that.ifindex;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Long.hashCode(ifindex);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return String.format("ifindex: %d", ifindex);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherLimitValue.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherLimitValue.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed7e7d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherLimitValue.java
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Field;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Type;
+
+/** The value of BpfMap which is used for tethering per-interface limit. */
+public class TetherLimitValue extends Struct {
+    // Use the signed long variable to store the int64 limit on limit BPF map.
+    // S64 is enough for each interface limit even at 5Gbps for ~468 years.
+    // 2^63 / (5 * 1000 * 1000 * 1000) * 8 / 86400 / 365 = 468.
+    // Note that QUOTA_UNLIMITED (-1) indicates there is no limit.
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.S64)
+    public final long limit;
+
+    public TetherLimitValue(final long limit) {
+        this.limit = limit;
+    }
+
+    // TODO: remove equals, hashCode and toString once aosp/1536721 is merged.
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+        if (this == obj) return true;
+
+        if (!(obj instanceof TetherLimitValue)) return false;
+
+        final TetherLimitValue that = (TetherLimitValue) obj;
+
+        return limit == that.limit;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Long.hashCode(limit);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return String.format("limit: %d", limit);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherStatsKey.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherStatsKey.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5442480
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherStatsKey.java
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Field;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Type;
+
+/** The key of BpfMap which is used for tethering stats. */
+public class TetherStatsKey extends Struct {
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U32)
+    public final long ifindex;  // upstream interface index
+
+    public TetherStatsKey(final long ifindex) {
+        this.ifindex = ifindex;
+    }
+
+    // TODO: remove equals, hashCode and toString once aosp/1536721 is merged.
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+        if (this == obj) return true;
+
+        if (!(obj instanceof TetherStatsKey)) return false;
+
+        final TetherStatsKey that = (TetherStatsKey) obj;
+
+        return ifindex == that.ifindex;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Long.hashCode(ifindex);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return String.format("ifindex: %d", ifindex);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherStatsValue.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherStatsValue.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..844d2e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherStatsValue.java
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Field;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Type;
+
+/** The key of BpfMap which is used for tethering stats. */
+public class TetherStatsValue extends Struct {
+    // Use the signed long variable to store the uint64 stats from stats BPF map.
+    // U63 is enough for each data element even at 5Gbps for ~468 years.
+    // 2^63 / (5 * 1000 * 1000 * 1000) * 8 / 86400 / 365 = 468.
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U63)
+    public final long rxPackets;
+    @Field(order = 1, type = Type.U63)
+    public final long rxBytes;
+    @Field(order = 2, type = Type.U63)
+    public final long rxErrors;
+    @Field(order = 3, type = Type.U63)
+    public final long txPackets;
+    @Field(order = 4, type = Type.U63)
+    public final long txBytes;
+    @Field(order = 5, type = Type.U63)
+    public final long txErrors;
+
+    public TetherStatsValue(final long rxPackets, final long rxBytes, final long rxErrors,
+            final long txPackets, final long txBytes, final long txErrors) {
+        this.rxPackets = rxPackets;
+        this.rxBytes = rxBytes;
+        this.rxErrors = rxErrors;
+        this.txPackets = txPackets;
+        this.txBytes = txBytes;
+        this.txErrors = txErrors;
+    }
+
+    // TODO: remove equals, hashCode and toString once aosp/1536721 is merged.
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+        if (this == obj) return true;
+
+        if (!(obj instanceof TetherStatsValue)) return false;
+
+        final TetherStatsValue that = (TetherStatsValue) obj;
+
+        return rxPackets == that.rxPackets
+                && rxBytes == that.rxBytes
+                && rxErrors == that.rxErrors
+                && txPackets == that.txPackets
+                && txBytes == that.txBytes
+                && txErrors == that.txErrors;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Long.hashCode(rxPackets) ^ Long.hashCode(rxBytes) ^ Long.hashCode(rxErrors)
+                ^ Long.hashCode(txPackets) ^ Long.hashCode(txBytes) ^ Long.hashCode(txErrors);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return String.format("rxPackets: %s, rxBytes: %s, rxErrors: %s, txPackets: %s, "
+                + "txBytes: %s, txErrors: %s", rxPackets, rxBytes, rxErrors, txPackets,
+                txBytes, txErrors);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherUpstream6Key.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherUpstream6Key.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5893885
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherUpstream6Key.java
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+
+import android.net.MacAddress;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/** Key type for upstream IPv6 forwarding map. */
+public class TetherUpstream6Key extends Struct {
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.S32)
+    public final int iif; // The input interface index.
+
+    @Field(order = 1, type = Type.EUI48, padding = 2)
+    public final MacAddress dstMac; // Destination ethernet mac address (zeroed iff rawip ingress).
+
+    public TetherUpstream6Key(int iif, @NonNull final MacAddress dstMac) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(dstMac);
+
+        this.iif = iif;
+        this.dstMac = dstMac;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b607bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java
@@ -0,0 +1,2744 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+
+import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
+import static android.hardware.usb.UsbManager.USB_CONFIGURED;
+import static android.hardware.usb.UsbManager.USB_CONNECTED;
+import static android.hardware.usb.UsbManager.USB_FUNCTION_NCM;
+import static android.hardware.usb.UsbManager.USB_FUNCTION_RNDIS;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO;
+import static android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.ACTION_TETHER_STATE_CHANGED;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.EXTRA_ACTIVE_LOCAL_ONLY;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.EXTRA_ACTIVE_TETHER;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.EXTRA_AVAILABLE_TETHER;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.EXTRA_ERRORED_TETHER;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_BLUETOOTH;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_ETHERNET;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_INVALID;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_NCM;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_USB;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI_P2P;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIGIG;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAIL;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_UNAVAIL_IFACE;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_IFACE;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_TYPE;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_FAILED;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STARTED;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STOPPED;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.toIfaces;
+import static android.net.wifi.WifiManager.EXTRA_WIFI_AP_INTERFACE_NAME;
+import static android.net.wifi.WifiManager.EXTRA_WIFI_AP_MODE;
+import static android.net.wifi.WifiManager.EXTRA_WIFI_AP_STATE;
+import static android.net.wifi.WifiManager.IFACE_IP_MODE_CONFIGURATION_ERROR;
+import static android.net.wifi.WifiManager.IFACE_IP_MODE_LOCAL_ONLY;
+import static android.net.wifi.WifiManager.IFACE_IP_MODE_TETHERED;
+import static android.net.wifi.WifiManager.IFACE_IP_MODE_UNSPECIFIED;
+import static android.net.wifi.WifiManager.WIFI_AP_STATE_DISABLED;
+import static android.telephony.CarrierConfigManager.ACTION_CARRIER_CONFIG_CHANGED;
+import static android.telephony.SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID;
+
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetheringConfiguration.TETHER_FORCE_USB_FUNCTIONS;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetheringNotificationUpdater.DOWNSTREAM_NONE;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.UpstreamNetworkMonitor.isCellular;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.TetheringMessageBase.BASE_MAIN_SM;
+
+import android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager;
+import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
+import android.bluetooth.BluetoothPan;
+import android.bluetooth.BluetoothProfile;
+import android.bluetooth.BluetoothProfile.ServiceListener;
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.IntentFilter;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.database.ContentObserver;
+import android.hardware.usb.UsbManager;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.EthernetManager;
+import android.net.IIntResultListener;
+import android.net.INetd;
+import android.net.ITetheringEventCallback;
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkInfo;
+import android.net.TetherStatesParcel;
+import android.net.TetheredClient;
+import android.net.TetheringCallbackStartedParcel;
+import android.net.TetheringConfigurationParcel;
+import android.net.TetheringInterface;
+import android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest;
+import android.net.TetheringRequestParcel;
+import android.net.ip.IpServer;
+import android.net.shared.NetdUtils;
+import android.net.util.SharedLog;
+import android.net.wifi.WifiClient;
+import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
+import android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pGroup;
+import android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pInfo;
+import android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager;
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.Message;
+import android.os.RemoteCallbackList;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.os.ResultReceiver;
+import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
+import android.os.UserManager;
+import android.provider.Settings;
+import android.telephony.PhoneStateListener;
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+import android.util.ArrayMap;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.Pair;
+import android.util.SparseArray;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.internal.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
+import com.android.internal.util.MessageUtils;
+import com.android.internal.util.State;
+import com.android.internal.util.StateMachine;
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+import com.android.net.module.util.BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.BluetoothPanShim;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.BluetoothPanShim.TetheredInterfaceCallbackShim;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.BluetoothPanShim.TetheredInterfaceRequestShim;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.UnsupportedApiLevelException;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.InterfaceSet;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.PrefixUtils;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.TetheringUtils;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.VersionedBroadcastListener;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
+
+/**
+ *
+ * This class holds much of the business logic to allow Android devices
+ * to act as IP gateways via USB, BT, and WiFi interfaces.
+ */
+public class Tethering {
+
+    private static final String TAG = Tethering.class.getSimpleName();
+    private static final boolean DBG = false;
+    private static final boolean VDBG = false;
+
+    private static final Class[] sMessageClasses = {
+            Tethering.class, TetherMainSM.class, IpServer.class
+    };
+    private static final SparseArray<String> sMagicDecoderRing =
+            MessageUtils.findMessageNames(sMessageClasses);
+
+    private static final int DUMP_TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000;
+
+    // Keep in sync with NETID_UNSET in system/netd/include/netid_client.h
+    private static final int NETID_UNSET = 0;
+
+    private static class TetherState {
+        public final IpServer ipServer;
+        public int lastState;
+        public int lastError;
+        // This field only valid for TETHERING_USB and TETHERING_NCM.
+        // TODO: Change this from boolean to int for extension.
+        public final boolean isNcm;
+
+        TetherState(IpServer ipServer, boolean isNcm) {
+            this.ipServer = ipServer;
+            // Assume all state machines start out available and with no errors.
+            lastState = IpServer.STATE_AVAILABLE;
+            lastError = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+            this.isNcm = isNcm;
+        }
+
+        public boolean isCurrentlyServing() {
+            switch (lastState) {
+                case IpServer.STATE_TETHERED:
+                case IpServer.STATE_LOCAL_ONLY:
+                    return true;
+                default:
+                    return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Cookie added when registering {@link android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringEventCallback}.
+     */
+    private static class CallbackCookie {
+        public final boolean hasListClientsPermission;
+
+        private CallbackCookie(boolean hasListClientsPermission) {
+            this.hasListClientsPermission = hasListClientsPermission;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private final SharedLog mLog = new SharedLog(TAG);
+    private final RemoteCallbackList<ITetheringEventCallback> mTetheringEventCallbacks =
+            new RemoteCallbackList<>();
+    // Currently active tethering requests per tethering type. Only one of each type can be
+    // requested at a time. After a tethering type is requested, the map keeps tethering parameters
+    // to be used after the interface comes up asynchronously.
+    private final SparseArray<TetheringRequestParcel> mActiveTetheringRequests =
+            new SparseArray<>();
+
+    private final Context mContext;
+    private final ArrayMap<String, TetherState> mTetherStates;
+    private final BroadcastReceiver mStateReceiver;
+    private final Looper mLooper;
+    private final TetherMainSM mTetherMainSM;
+    private final OffloadController mOffloadController;
+    private final UpstreamNetworkMonitor mUpstreamNetworkMonitor;
+    // TODO: Figure out how to merge this and other downstream-tracking objects
+    // into a single coherent structure.
+    private final HashSet<IpServer> mForwardedDownstreams;
+    private final VersionedBroadcastListener mCarrierConfigChange;
+    private final TetheringDependencies mDeps;
+    private final EntitlementManager mEntitlementMgr;
+    private final Handler mHandler;
+    private final INetd mNetd;
+    private final NetdCallback mNetdCallback;
+    private final UserRestrictionActionListener mTetheringRestriction;
+    private final ActiveDataSubIdListener mActiveDataSubIdListener;
+    private final ConnectedClientsTracker mConnectedClientsTracker;
+    private final TetheringThreadExecutor mExecutor;
+    private final TetheringNotificationUpdater mNotificationUpdater;
+    private final UserManager mUserManager;
+    private final BpfCoordinator mBpfCoordinator;
+    private final PrivateAddressCoordinator mPrivateAddressCoordinator;
+    private int mActiveDataSubId = INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID;
+
+    private volatile TetheringConfiguration mConfig;
+    private InterfaceSet mCurrentUpstreamIfaceSet;
+
+    private boolean mRndisEnabled;       // track the RNDIS function enabled state
+    private boolean mNcmEnabled;         // track the NCM function enabled state
+    // True iff. WiFi tethering should be started when soft AP is ready.
+    private boolean mWifiTetherRequested;
+    private Network mTetherUpstream;
+    private TetherStatesParcel mTetherStatesParcel;
+    private boolean mDataSaverEnabled = false;
+    private String mWifiP2pTetherInterface = null;
+    private int mOffloadStatus = TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STOPPED;
+
+    private EthernetManager.TetheredInterfaceRequest mEthernetIfaceRequest;
+    private TetheredInterfaceRequestShim mBluetoothIfaceRequest;
+    private String mConfiguredEthernetIface;
+    private String mConfiguredBluetoothIface;
+    private EthernetCallback mEthernetCallback;
+    private TetheredInterfaceCallbackShim mBluetoothCallback;
+    private SettingsObserver mSettingsObserver;
+    private BluetoothPan mBluetoothPan;
+    private PanServiceListener mBluetoothPanListener;
+    private ArrayList<Pair<Boolean, IIntResultListener>> mPendingPanRequests;
+
+    public Tethering(TetheringDependencies deps) {
+        mLog.mark("Tethering.constructed");
+        mDeps = deps;
+        mContext = mDeps.getContext();
+        mNetd = mDeps.getINetd(mContext);
+        mLooper = mDeps.getTetheringLooper();
+        mNotificationUpdater = mDeps.getNotificationUpdater(mContext, mLooper);
+
+        // This is intended to ensrure that if something calls startTethering(bluetooth) just after
+        // bluetooth is enabled. Before onServiceConnected is called, store the calls into this
+        // list and handle them as soon as onServiceConnected is called.
+        mPendingPanRequests = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        mTetherStates = new ArrayMap<>();
+        mConnectedClientsTracker = new ConnectedClientsTracker();
+
+        mTetherMainSM = new TetherMainSM("TetherMain", mLooper, deps);
+        mTetherMainSM.start();
+
+        mHandler = mTetherMainSM.getHandler();
+        mOffloadController = mDeps.getOffloadController(mHandler, mLog,
+                new OffloadController.Dependencies() {
+
+                    @Override
+                    public TetheringConfiguration getTetherConfig() {
+                        return mConfig;
+                    }
+                });
+        mUpstreamNetworkMonitor = mDeps.getUpstreamNetworkMonitor(mContext, mTetherMainSM, mLog,
+                TetherMainSM.EVENT_UPSTREAM_CALLBACK);
+        mForwardedDownstreams = new HashSet<>();
+
+        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
+        filter.addAction(ACTION_CARRIER_CONFIG_CHANGED);
+        // EntitlementManager will send EVENT_UPSTREAM_PERMISSION_CHANGED when cellular upstream
+        // permission is changed according to entitlement check result.
+        mEntitlementMgr = mDeps.getEntitlementManager(mContext, mHandler, mLog,
+                () -> mTetherMainSM.sendMessage(
+                TetherMainSM.EVENT_UPSTREAM_PERMISSION_CHANGED));
+        mEntitlementMgr.setOnTetherProvisioningFailedListener((downstream, reason) -> {
+            mLog.log("OBSERVED OnTetherProvisioningFailed : " + reason);
+            stopTethering(downstream);
+        });
+        mEntitlementMgr.setTetheringConfigurationFetcher(() -> {
+            return mConfig;
+        });
+
+        mCarrierConfigChange = new VersionedBroadcastListener(
+                "CarrierConfigChangeListener", mContext, mHandler, filter,
+                (Intent ignored) -> {
+                    mLog.log("OBSERVED carrier config change");
+                    updateConfiguration();
+                    mEntitlementMgr.reevaluateSimCardProvisioning(mConfig);
+                });
+
+        mSettingsObserver = new SettingsObserver(mHandler);
+        mContext.getContentResolver().registerContentObserver(
+                Settings.Global.getUriFor(TETHER_FORCE_USB_FUNCTIONS), false, mSettingsObserver);
+
+        mStateReceiver = new StateReceiver();
+
+        mUserManager = (UserManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.USER_SERVICE);
+        mTetheringRestriction = new UserRestrictionActionListener(
+                mUserManager, this, mNotificationUpdater);
+        mExecutor = new TetheringThreadExecutor(mHandler);
+        mActiveDataSubIdListener = new ActiveDataSubIdListener(mExecutor);
+        mNetdCallback = new NetdCallback();
+
+        // Load tethering configuration.
+        updateConfiguration();
+        // It is OK for the configuration to be passed to the PrivateAddressCoordinator at
+        // construction time because the only part of the configuration it uses is
+        // shouldEnableWifiP2pDedicatedIp(), and currently do not support changing that.
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator = mDeps.getPrivateAddressCoordinator(mContext, mConfig);
+
+        // Must be initialized after tethering configuration is loaded because BpfCoordinator
+        // constructor needs to use the configuration.
+        mBpfCoordinator = mDeps.getBpfCoordinator(
+                new BpfCoordinator.Dependencies() {
+                    @NonNull
+                    public Handler getHandler() {
+                        return mHandler;
+                    }
+
+                    @NonNull
+                    public INetd getNetd() {
+                        return mNetd;
+                    }
+
+                    @NonNull
+                    public NetworkStatsManager getNetworkStatsManager() {
+                        return mContext.getSystemService(NetworkStatsManager.class);
+                    }
+
+                    @NonNull
+                    public SharedLog getSharedLog() {
+                        return mLog;
+                    }
+
+                    @Nullable
+                    public TetheringConfiguration getTetherConfig() {
+                        return mConfig;
+                    }
+                });
+
+        startStateMachineUpdaters();
+    }
+
+    private class SettingsObserver extends ContentObserver {
+        SettingsObserver(Handler handler) {
+            super(handler);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onChange(boolean selfChange) {
+            mLog.i("OBSERVED Settings change");
+            final boolean isUsingNcm = mConfig.isUsingNcm();
+            updateConfiguration();
+            if (isUsingNcm != mConfig.isUsingNcm()) {
+                stopTetheringInternal(TETHERING_USB);
+                stopTetheringInternal(TETHERING_NCM);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    ContentObserver getSettingsObserverForTest() {
+        return mSettingsObserver;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start to register callbacks.
+     * Call this function when tethering is ready to handle callback events.
+     */
+    private void startStateMachineUpdaters() {
+        try {
+            mNetd.registerUnsolicitedEventListener(mNetdCallback);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            mLog.e("Unable to register netd UnsolicitedEventListener");
+        }
+        mCarrierConfigChange.startListening();
+        mContext.getSystemService(TelephonyManager.class).listen(mActiveDataSubIdListener,
+                PhoneStateListener.LISTEN_ACTIVE_DATA_SUBSCRIPTION_ID_CHANGE);
+
+        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
+        filter.addAction(UsbManager.ACTION_USB_STATE);
+        filter.addAction(CONNECTIVITY_ACTION);
+        filter.addAction(WifiManager.WIFI_AP_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION);
+        filter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_CONFIGURATION_CHANGED);
+        filter.addAction(WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_CONNECTION_CHANGED_ACTION);
+        filter.addAction(UserManager.ACTION_USER_RESTRICTIONS_CHANGED);
+        filter.addAction(ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED);
+        mContext.registerReceiver(mStateReceiver, filter, null, mHandler);
+
+        final IntentFilter noUpstreamFilter = new IntentFilter();
+        noUpstreamFilter.addAction(TetheringNotificationUpdater.ACTION_DISABLE_TETHERING);
+        mContext.registerReceiver(
+                mStateReceiver, noUpstreamFilter, PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, mHandler);
+
+        final WifiManager wifiManager = getWifiManager();
+        if (wifiManager != null) {
+            wifiManager.registerSoftApCallback(mExecutor, new TetheringSoftApCallback());
+        }
+
+        startTrackDefaultNetwork();
+    }
+
+    private class TetheringThreadExecutor implements Executor {
+        private final Handler mTetherHandler;
+        TetheringThreadExecutor(Handler handler) {
+            mTetherHandler = handler;
+        }
+        @Override
+        public void execute(Runnable command) {
+            if (!mTetherHandler.post(command)) {
+                throw new RejectedExecutionException(mTetherHandler + " is shutting down");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class ActiveDataSubIdListener extends PhoneStateListener {
+        ActiveDataSubIdListener(Executor executor) {
+            super(executor);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onActiveDataSubscriptionIdChanged(int subId) {
+            mLog.log("OBSERVED active data subscription change, from " + mActiveDataSubId
+                    + " to " + subId);
+            if (subId == mActiveDataSubId) return;
+
+            mActiveDataSubId = subId;
+            updateConfiguration();
+            mNotificationUpdater.onActiveDataSubscriptionIdChanged(subId);
+            // To avoid launching unexpected provisioning checks, ignore re-provisioning
+            // when no CarrierConfig loaded yet. Assume reevaluateSimCardProvisioning()
+            // will be triggered again when CarrierConfig is loaded.
+            if (mEntitlementMgr.getCarrierConfig(mConfig) != null) {
+                mEntitlementMgr.reevaluateSimCardProvisioning(mConfig);
+            } else {
+                mLog.log("IGNORED reevaluate provisioning, no carrier config loaded");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private WifiManager getWifiManager() {
+        return (WifiManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);
+    }
+
+    // NOTE: This is always invoked on the mLooper thread.
+    private void updateConfiguration() {
+        mConfig = mDeps.generateTetheringConfiguration(mContext, mLog, mActiveDataSubId);
+        mUpstreamNetworkMonitor.setUpstreamConfig(mConfig.chooseUpstreamAutomatically,
+                mConfig.isDunRequired);
+        reportConfigurationChanged(mConfig.toStableParcelable());
+    }
+
+    private void maybeDunSettingChanged() {
+        final boolean isDunRequired = TetheringConfiguration.checkDunRequired(mContext);
+        if (isDunRequired == mConfig.isDunRequired) return;
+        updateConfiguration();
+    }
+
+    private class NetdCallback extends BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener {
+        @Override
+        public void onInterfaceChanged(String ifName, boolean up) {
+            mHandler.post(() -> interfaceStatusChanged(ifName, up));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onInterfaceLinkStateChanged(String ifName, boolean up) {
+            mHandler.post(() -> interfaceLinkStateChanged(ifName, up));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onInterfaceAdded(String ifName) {
+            mHandler.post(() -> interfaceAdded(ifName));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onInterfaceRemoved(String ifName) {
+            mHandler.post(() -> interfaceRemoved(ifName));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class TetheringSoftApCallback implements WifiManager.SoftApCallback {
+        // TODO: Remove onStateChanged override when this method has default on
+        // WifiManager#SoftApCallback interface.
+        // Wifi listener for state change of the soft AP
+        @Override
+        public void onStateChanged(final int state, final int failureReason) {
+            // Nothing
+        }
+
+        // Called by wifi when the number of soft AP clients changed.
+        @Override
+        public void onConnectedClientsChanged(final List<WifiClient> clients) {
+            updateConnectedClients(clients);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // This method needs to exist because TETHERING_BLUETOOTH before Android T and TETHERING_WIGIG
+    // can't use enableIpServing.
+    private void processInterfaceStateChange(final String iface, boolean enabled) {
+        // Do not listen to USB interface state changes or USB interface add/removes. USB tethering
+        // is driven only by USB_ACTION broadcasts.
+        final int type = ifaceNameToType(iface);
+        if (type == TETHERING_USB || type == TETHERING_NCM) return;
+
+        if (type == TETHERING_BLUETOOTH && SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) return;
+
+        if (enabled) {
+            ensureIpServerStarted(iface);
+        } else {
+            ensureIpServerStopped(iface);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void interfaceStatusChanged(String iface, boolean up) {
+        // Never called directly: only called from interfaceLinkStateChanged.
+        // See NetlinkHandler.cpp: notifyInterfaceChanged.
+        if (VDBG) Log.d(TAG, "interfaceStatusChanged " + iface + ", " + up);
+
+        final int type = ifaceNameToType(iface);
+        if (!up && type != TETHERING_BLUETOOTH && type != TETHERING_WIGIG) {
+            // Ignore usb interface down after enabling RNDIS.
+            // We will handle disconnect in interfaceRemoved.
+            // Similarly, ignore interface down for WiFi.  We monitor WiFi AP status
+            // through the WifiManager.WIFI_AP_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION intent.
+            if (VDBG) Log.d(TAG, "ignore interface down for " + iface);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        processInterfaceStateChange(iface, up);
+    }
+
+    void interfaceLinkStateChanged(String iface, boolean up) {
+        interfaceStatusChanged(iface, up);
+    }
+
+    private int ifaceNameToType(String iface) {
+        final TetheringConfiguration cfg = mConfig;
+
+        if (cfg.isWifi(iface)) {
+            return TETHERING_WIFI;
+        } else if (cfg.isWigig(iface)) {
+            return TETHERING_WIGIG;
+        } else if (cfg.isWifiP2p(iface)) {
+            return TETHERING_WIFI_P2P;
+        } else if (cfg.isUsb(iface)) {
+            return TETHERING_USB;
+        } else if (cfg.isBluetooth(iface)) {
+            return TETHERING_BLUETOOTH;
+        } else if (cfg.isNcm(iface)) {
+            return TETHERING_NCM;
+        }
+        return TETHERING_INVALID;
+    }
+
+    void interfaceAdded(String iface) {
+        if (VDBG) Log.d(TAG, "interfaceAdded " + iface);
+        processInterfaceStateChange(iface, true /* enabled */);
+    }
+
+    void interfaceRemoved(String iface) {
+        if (VDBG) Log.d(TAG, "interfaceRemoved " + iface);
+        processInterfaceStateChange(iface, false /* enabled */);
+    }
+
+    void startTethering(final TetheringRequestParcel request, final IIntResultListener listener) {
+        mHandler.post(() -> {
+            final TetheringRequestParcel unfinishedRequest = mActiveTetheringRequests.get(
+                    request.tetheringType);
+            // If tethering is already enabled with a different request,
+            // disable before re-enabling.
+            if (unfinishedRequest != null
+                    && !TetheringUtils.isTetheringRequestEquals(unfinishedRequest, request)) {
+                enableTetheringInternal(request.tetheringType, false /* disabled */, null);
+                mEntitlementMgr.stopProvisioningIfNeeded(request.tetheringType);
+            }
+            mActiveTetheringRequests.put(request.tetheringType, request);
+
+            if (request.exemptFromEntitlementCheck) {
+                mEntitlementMgr.setExemptedDownstreamType(request.tetheringType);
+            } else {
+                mEntitlementMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(request.tetheringType,
+                        request.showProvisioningUi);
+            }
+            enableTetheringInternal(request.tetheringType, true /* enabled */, listener);
+        });
+    }
+
+    void stopTethering(int type) {
+        mHandler.post(() -> {
+            stopTetheringInternal(type);
+        });
+    }
+    void stopTetheringInternal(int type) {
+        mActiveTetheringRequests.remove(type);
+
+        enableTetheringInternal(type, false /* disabled */, null);
+        mEntitlementMgr.stopProvisioningIfNeeded(type);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Enables or disables tethering for the given type. If provisioning is required, it will
+     * schedule provisioning rechecks for the specified interface.
+     */
+    private void enableTetheringInternal(int type, boolean enable,
+            final IIntResultListener listener) {
+        int result = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+        switch (type) {
+            case TETHERING_WIFI:
+                result = setWifiTethering(enable);
+                break;
+            case TETHERING_USB:
+                result = setUsbTethering(enable);
+                break;
+            case TETHERING_BLUETOOTH:
+                setBluetoothTethering(enable, listener);
+                break;
+            case TETHERING_NCM:
+                result = setNcmTethering(enable);
+                break;
+            case TETHERING_ETHERNET:
+                result = setEthernetTethering(enable);
+                break;
+            default:
+                Log.w(TAG, "Invalid tether type.");
+                result = TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_TYPE;
+        }
+
+        // The result of Bluetooth tethering will be sent by #setBluetoothTethering.
+        if (type != TETHERING_BLUETOOTH) {
+            sendTetherResult(listener, result, type);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void sendTetherResult(final IIntResultListener listener, final int result,
+            final int type) {
+        if (listener != null) {
+            try {
+                listener.onResult(result);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) { }
+        }
+
+        // If changing tethering fail, remove corresponding request
+        // no matter who trigger the start/stop.
+        if (result != TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR) mActiveTetheringRequests.remove(type);
+    }
+
+    private int setWifiTethering(final boolean enable) {
+        final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+        try {
+            final WifiManager mgr = getWifiManager();
+            if (mgr == null) {
+                mLog.e("setWifiTethering: failed to get WifiManager!");
+                return TETHER_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAIL;
+            }
+            if ((enable && mgr.startTetheredHotspot(null /* use existing softap config */))
+                    || (!enable && mgr.stopSoftAp())) {
+                mWifiTetherRequested = enable;
+                return TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+            }
+        } finally {
+            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(ident);
+        }
+
+        return TETHER_ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    private void setBluetoothTethering(final boolean enable, final IIntResultListener listener) {
+        final BluetoothAdapter adapter = mDeps.getBluetoothAdapter();
+        if (adapter == null || !adapter.isEnabled()) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "Tried to enable bluetooth tethering with null or disabled adapter. null: "
+                    + (adapter == null));
+            sendTetherResult(listener, TETHER_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAIL, TETHERING_BLUETOOTH);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (mBluetoothPanListener != null && mBluetoothPanListener.isConnected()) {
+            // The PAN service is connected. Enable or disable bluetooth tethering.
+            // When bluetooth tethering is enabled, any time a PAN client pairs with this
+            // host, bluetooth will bring up a bt-pan interface and notify tethering to
+            // enable IP serving.
+            setBluetoothTetheringSettings(mBluetoothPan, enable, listener);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // The reference of IIntResultListener should only exist when application want to start
+        // tethering but tethering is not bound to pan service yet. Even if the calling process
+        // dies, the referenice of IIntResultListener would still keep in mPendingPanRequests. Once
+        // tethering bound to pan service (onServiceConnected) or bluetooth just crash
+        // (onServiceDisconnected), all the references from mPendingPanRequests would be cleared.
+        mPendingPanRequests.add(new Pair(enable, listener));
+
+        // Bluetooth tethering is not a popular feature. To avoid bind to bluetooth pan service all
+        // the time but user never use bluetooth tethering. mBluetoothPanListener is created first
+        // time someone calls a bluetooth tethering method (even if it's just to disable tethering
+        // when it's already disabled) and never unset after that.
+        if (mBluetoothPanListener == null) {
+            mBluetoothPanListener = new PanServiceListener();
+            adapter.getProfileProxy(mContext, mBluetoothPanListener, BluetoothProfile.PAN);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class PanServiceListener implements ServiceListener {
+        private boolean mIsConnected = false;
+
+        @Override
+        public void onServiceConnected(int profile, BluetoothProfile proxy) {
+            // Posting this to handling onServiceConnected in tethering handler thread may have
+            // race condition that bluetooth service may disconnected when tethering thread
+            // actaully handle onServiceconnected. If this race happen, calling
+            // BluetoothPan#setBluetoothTethering would silently fail. It is fine because pan
+            // service is unreachable and both bluetooth and bluetooth tethering settings are off.
+            mHandler.post(() -> {
+                mBluetoothPan = (BluetoothPan) proxy;
+                mIsConnected = true;
+
+                for (Pair<Boolean, IIntResultListener> request : mPendingPanRequests) {
+                    setBluetoothTetheringSettings(mBluetoothPan, request.first, request.second);
+                }
+                mPendingPanRequests.clear();
+            });
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onServiceDisconnected(int profile) {
+            mHandler.post(() -> {
+                // onServiceDisconnected means Bluetooth is off (or crashed) and is not
+                // reachable before next onServiceConnected.
+                mIsConnected = false;
+
+                for (Pair<Boolean, IIntResultListener> request : mPendingPanRequests) {
+                    sendTetherResult(request.second, TETHER_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAIL,
+                            TETHERING_BLUETOOTH);
+                }
+                mPendingPanRequests.clear();
+                mBluetoothIfaceRequest = null;
+                mBluetoothCallback = null;
+                maybeDisableBluetoothIpServing();
+            });
+        }
+
+        public boolean isConnected() {
+            return mIsConnected;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void setBluetoothTetheringSettings(@NonNull final BluetoothPan bluetoothPan,
+            final boolean enable, final IIntResultListener listener) {
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
+            changeBluetoothTetheringSettings(bluetoothPan, enable);
+        } else {
+            changeBluetoothTetheringSettingsPreT(bluetoothPan, enable);
+        }
+
+        // Enabling bluetooth tethering settings can silently fail. Send internal error if the
+        // result is not expected.
+        final int result = bluetoothPan.isTetheringOn() == enable
+                ? TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR : TETHER_ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        sendTetherResult(listener, result, TETHERING_BLUETOOTH);
+    }
+
+    private void changeBluetoothTetheringSettingsPreT(@NonNull final BluetoothPan bluetoothPan,
+            final boolean enable) {
+        bluetoothPan.setBluetoothTethering(enable);
+    }
+
+    private void changeBluetoothTetheringSettings(@NonNull final BluetoothPan bluetoothPan,
+            final boolean enable) {
+        final BluetoothPanShim panShim = mDeps.getBluetoothPanShim(bluetoothPan);
+        if (enable) {
+            if (mBluetoothIfaceRequest != null) {
+                Log.d(TAG, "Bluetooth tethering settings already enabled");
+                return;
+            }
+
+            mBluetoothCallback = new BluetoothCallback();
+            try {
+                mBluetoothIfaceRequest = panShim.requestTetheredInterface(mExecutor,
+                        mBluetoothCallback);
+            } catch (UnsupportedApiLevelException e) {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "Use unsupported API, " + e);
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (mBluetoothIfaceRequest == null) {
+                Log.d(TAG, "Bluetooth tethering settings already disabled");
+                return;
+            }
+
+            mBluetoothIfaceRequest.release();
+            mBluetoothIfaceRequest = null;
+            mBluetoothCallback = null;
+            // If bluetooth request is released, tethering won't able to receive
+            // onUnavailable callback, explicitly disable bluetooth IpServer manually.
+            maybeDisableBluetoothIpServing();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // BluetoothCallback is only called after T. Before T, PanService would call tether/untether to
+    // notify bluetooth interface status.
+    private class BluetoothCallback implements TetheredInterfaceCallbackShim {
+        @Override
+        public void onAvailable(String iface) {
+            if (this != mBluetoothCallback) return;
+
+            enableIpServing(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH, iface, getRequestedState(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH));
+            mConfiguredBluetoothIface = iface;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onUnavailable() {
+            if (this != mBluetoothCallback) return;
+
+            maybeDisableBluetoothIpServing();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void maybeDisableBluetoothIpServing() {
+        if (mConfiguredBluetoothIface == null) return;
+
+        ensureIpServerStopped(mConfiguredBluetoothIface);
+        mConfiguredBluetoothIface = null;
+    }
+
+    private int setEthernetTethering(final boolean enable) {
+        final EthernetManager em = (EthernetManager) mContext.getSystemService(
+                Context.ETHERNET_SERVICE);
+        if (enable) {
+            if (mEthernetCallback != null) {
+                Log.d(TAG, "Ethernet tethering already started");
+                return TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+            }
+
+            mEthernetCallback = new EthernetCallback();
+            mEthernetIfaceRequest = em.requestTetheredInterface(mExecutor, mEthernetCallback);
+        } else {
+            stopEthernetTethering();
+        }
+        return TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    private void stopEthernetTethering() {
+        if (mConfiguredEthernetIface != null) {
+            ensureIpServerStopped(mConfiguredEthernetIface);
+            mConfiguredEthernetIface = null;
+        }
+        if (mEthernetCallback != null) {
+            mEthernetIfaceRequest.release();
+            mEthernetCallback = null;
+            mEthernetIfaceRequest = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class EthernetCallback implements EthernetManager.TetheredInterfaceCallback {
+        @Override
+        public void onAvailable(String iface) {
+            if (this != mEthernetCallback) {
+                // Ethernet callback arrived after Ethernet tethering stopped. Ignore.
+                return;
+            }
+            enableIpServing(TETHERING_ETHERNET, iface, getRequestedState(TETHERING_ETHERNET));
+            mConfiguredEthernetIface = iface;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onUnavailable() {
+            if (this != mEthernetCallback) {
+                // onAvailable called after stopping Ethernet tethering.
+                return;
+            }
+            stopEthernetTethering();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void tether(String iface, int requestedState, final IIntResultListener listener) {
+        mHandler.post(() -> {
+            try {
+                listener.onResult(tether(iface, requestedState));
+            } catch (RemoteException e) { }
+        });
+    }
+
+    private int tether(String iface, int requestedState) {
+        if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Tethering " + iface);
+        TetherState tetherState = mTetherStates.get(iface);
+        if (tetherState == null) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Tried to Tether an unknown iface: " + iface + ", ignoring");
+            return TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_IFACE;
+        }
+        // Ignore the error status of the interface.  If the interface is available,
+        // the errors are referring to past tethering attempts anyway.
+        if (tetherState.lastState != IpServer.STATE_AVAILABLE) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Tried to Tether an unavailable iface: " + iface + ", ignoring");
+            return TETHER_ERROR_UNAVAIL_IFACE;
+        }
+        // NOTE: If a CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED message is already in the TISM's queue but not yet
+        // processed, this will be a no-op and it will not return an error.
+        //
+        // This code cannot race with untether() because they both run on the handler thread.
+        final int type = tetherState.ipServer.interfaceType();
+        final TetheringRequestParcel request = mActiveTetheringRequests.get(type, null);
+        if (request != null) {
+            mActiveTetheringRequests.delete(type);
+        }
+        tetherState.ipServer.sendMessage(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED, requestedState, 0,
+                request);
+        return TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    void untether(String iface, final IIntResultListener listener) {
+        mHandler.post(() -> {
+            try {
+                listener.onResult(untether(iface));
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    int untether(String iface) {
+        if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Untethering " + iface);
+        TetherState tetherState = mTetherStates.get(iface);
+        if (tetherState == null) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Tried to Untether an unknown iface :" + iface + ", ignoring");
+            return TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_IFACE;
+        }
+        if (!tetherState.isCurrentlyServing()) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Tried to untether an inactive iface :" + iface + ", ignoring");
+            return TETHER_ERROR_UNAVAIL_IFACE;
+        }
+        tetherState.ipServer.sendMessage(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_UNREQUESTED);
+        return TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    void untetherAll() {
+        stopTethering(TETHERING_WIFI);
+        stopTethering(TETHERING_WIFI_P2P);
+        stopTethering(TETHERING_USB);
+        stopTethering(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH);
+        stopTethering(TETHERING_ETHERNET);
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    int getLastErrorForTest(String iface) {
+        TetherState tetherState = mTetherStates.get(iface);
+        if (tetherState == null) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Tried to getLastErrorForTest on an unknown iface :" + iface
+                    + ", ignoring");
+            return TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_IFACE;
+        }
+        return tetherState.lastError;
+    }
+
+    boolean isTetherProvisioningRequired() {
+        final TetheringConfiguration cfg = mConfig;
+        return mEntitlementMgr.isTetherProvisioningRequired(cfg);
+    }
+
+    private int getRequestedState(int type) {
+        final TetheringRequestParcel request = mActiveTetheringRequests.get(type);
+
+        // The request could have been deleted before we had a chance to complete it.
+        // If so, assume that the scope is the default scope for this tethering type.
+        // This likely doesn't matter - if the request has been deleted, then tethering is
+        // likely going to be stopped soon anyway.
+        final int connectivityScope = (request != null)
+                ? request.connectivityScope
+                : TetheringRequest.getDefaultConnectivityScope(type);
+
+        return connectivityScope == CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL
+                ? IpServer.STATE_LOCAL_ONLY
+                : IpServer.STATE_TETHERED;
+    }
+
+    private int getServedUsbType(boolean forNcmFunction) {
+        // TETHERING_NCM is only used if the device does not use NCM for regular USB tethering.
+        if (forNcmFunction && !mConfig.isUsingNcm()) return TETHERING_NCM;
+
+        return TETHERING_USB;
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Figure out how to update for local hotspot mode interfaces.
+    private void sendTetherStateChangedBroadcast() {
+        if (!isTetheringSupported()) return;
+
+        final ArrayList<TetheringInterface> available = new ArrayList<>();
+        final ArrayList<TetheringInterface> tethered = new ArrayList<>();
+        final ArrayList<TetheringInterface> localOnly = new ArrayList<>();
+        final ArrayList<TetheringInterface> errored = new ArrayList<>();
+        final ArrayList<Integer> lastErrors = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        final TetheringConfiguration cfg = mConfig;
+
+        int downstreamTypesMask = DOWNSTREAM_NONE;
+        for (int i = 0; i < mTetherStates.size(); i++) {
+            final TetherState tetherState = mTetherStates.valueAt(i);
+            final int type = tetherState.ipServer.interfaceType();
+            final String iface = mTetherStates.keyAt(i);
+            final TetheringInterface tetheringIface = new TetheringInterface(type, iface);
+            if (tetherState.lastError != TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR) {
+                errored.add(tetheringIface);
+                lastErrors.add(tetherState.lastError);
+            } else if (tetherState.lastState == IpServer.STATE_AVAILABLE) {
+                available.add(tetheringIface);
+            } else if (tetherState.lastState == IpServer.STATE_LOCAL_ONLY) {
+                localOnly.add(tetheringIface);
+            } else if (tetherState.lastState == IpServer.STATE_TETHERED) {
+                switch (type) {
+                    case TETHERING_USB:
+                    case TETHERING_WIFI:
+                    case TETHERING_BLUETOOTH:
+                        downstreamTypesMask |= (1 << type);
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        // Do nothing.
+                }
+                tethered.add(tetheringIface);
+            }
+        }
+
+        mTetherStatesParcel = buildTetherStatesParcel(available, localOnly, tethered, errored,
+                lastErrors);
+        reportTetherStateChanged(mTetherStatesParcel);
+
+        mContext.sendStickyBroadcastAsUser(buildStateChangeIntent(available, localOnly, tethered,
+                errored), UserHandle.ALL);
+        if (DBG) {
+            Log.d(TAG, String.format(
+                    "reportTetherStateChanged %s=[%s] %s=[%s] %s=[%s] %s=[%s]",
+                    "avail", TextUtils.join(",", available),
+                    "local_only", TextUtils.join(",", localOnly),
+                    "tether", TextUtils.join(",", tethered),
+                    "error", TextUtils.join(",", errored)));
+        }
+
+        mNotificationUpdater.onDownstreamChanged(downstreamTypesMask);
+    }
+
+    private TetherStatesParcel buildTetherStatesParcel(
+            final ArrayList<TetheringInterface> available,
+            final ArrayList<TetheringInterface> localOnly,
+            final ArrayList<TetheringInterface> tethered,
+            final ArrayList<TetheringInterface> errored,
+            final ArrayList<Integer> lastErrors) {
+        final TetherStatesParcel parcel = new TetherStatesParcel();
+
+        parcel.availableList = available.toArray(new TetheringInterface[0]);
+        parcel.tetheredList = tethered.toArray(new TetheringInterface[0]);
+        parcel.localOnlyList = localOnly.toArray(new TetheringInterface[0]);
+        parcel.erroredIfaceList = errored.toArray(new TetheringInterface[0]);
+        parcel.lastErrorList = new int[lastErrors.size()];
+        for (int i = 0; i < lastErrors.size(); i++) {
+            parcel.lastErrorList[i] = lastErrors.get(i);
+        }
+
+        return parcel;
+    }
+
+    private Intent buildStateChangeIntent(final ArrayList<TetheringInterface> available,
+            final ArrayList<TetheringInterface> localOnly,
+            final ArrayList<TetheringInterface> tethered,
+            final ArrayList<TetheringInterface> errored) {
+        final Intent bcast = new Intent(ACTION_TETHER_STATE_CHANGED);
+        bcast.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_REPLACE_PENDING);
+
+        bcast.putStringArrayListExtra(EXTRA_AVAILABLE_TETHER, toIfaces(available));
+        bcast.putStringArrayListExtra(EXTRA_ACTIVE_LOCAL_ONLY, toIfaces(localOnly));
+        bcast.putStringArrayListExtra(EXTRA_ACTIVE_TETHER, toIfaces(tethered));
+        bcast.putStringArrayListExtra(EXTRA_ERRORED_TETHER, toIfaces(errored));
+
+        return bcast;
+    }
+
+    private class StateReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
+        @Override
+        public void onReceive(Context content, Intent intent) {
+            final String action = intent.getAction();
+            if (action == null) return;
+
+            if (action.equals(UsbManager.ACTION_USB_STATE)) {
+                handleUsbAction(intent);
+            } else if (action.equals(CONNECTIVITY_ACTION)) {
+                handleConnectivityAction(intent);
+            } else if (action.equals(WifiManager.WIFI_AP_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION)) {
+                handleWifiApAction(intent);
+            } else if (action.equals(WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_CONNECTION_CHANGED_ACTION)) {
+                handleWifiP2pAction(intent);
+            } else if (action.equals(Intent.ACTION_CONFIGURATION_CHANGED)) {
+                mLog.log("OBSERVED configuration changed");
+                updateConfiguration();
+            } else if (action.equals(UserManager.ACTION_USER_RESTRICTIONS_CHANGED)) {
+                mLog.log("OBSERVED user restrictions changed");
+                handleUserRestrictionAction();
+            } else if (action.equals(ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED)) {
+                mLog.log("OBSERVED data saver changed");
+                handleDataSaverChanged();
+            } else if (action.equals(TetheringNotificationUpdater.ACTION_DISABLE_TETHERING)) {
+                untetherAll();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void handleConnectivityAction(Intent intent) {
+            final NetworkInfo networkInfo =
+                    (NetworkInfo) intent.getParcelableExtra(EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO);
+            if (networkInfo == null
+                    || networkInfo.getDetailedState() == NetworkInfo.DetailedState.FAILED) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (VDBG) Log.d(TAG, "Tethering got CONNECTIVITY_ACTION: " + networkInfo.toString());
+            mTetherMainSM.sendMessage(TetherMainSM.CMD_UPSTREAM_CHANGED);
+        }
+
+        private void handleUsbAction(Intent intent) {
+            final boolean usbConnected = intent.getBooleanExtra(USB_CONNECTED, false);
+            final boolean usbConfigured = intent.getBooleanExtra(USB_CONFIGURED, false);
+            final boolean usbRndis = intent.getBooleanExtra(USB_FUNCTION_RNDIS, false);
+            final boolean usbNcm = intent.getBooleanExtra(USB_FUNCTION_NCM, false);
+
+            mLog.i(String.format("USB bcast connected:%s configured:%s rndis:%s ncm:%s",
+                    usbConnected, usbConfigured, usbRndis, usbNcm));
+
+            // There are three types of ACTION_USB_STATE:
+            //
+            //     - DISCONNECTED (USB_CONNECTED and USB_CONFIGURED are 0)
+            //       Meaning: USB connection has ended either because of
+            //       software reset or hard unplug.
+            //
+            //     - CONNECTED (USB_CONNECTED is 1, USB_CONFIGURED is 0)
+            //       Meaning: the first stage of USB protocol handshake has
+            //       occurred but it is not complete.
+            //
+            //     - CONFIGURED (USB_CONNECTED and USB_CONFIGURED are 1)
+            //       Meaning: the USB handshake is completely done and all the
+            //       functions are ready to use.
+            //
+            // For more explanation, see b/62552150 .
+            boolean rndisEnabled = usbConfigured && usbRndis;
+            boolean ncmEnabled = usbConfigured && usbNcm;
+            if (!usbConnected) {
+                // Don't stop provisioning if function is disabled but usb is still connected. The
+                // function may be disable/enable to handle ip conflict condition (disabling the
+                // function is necessary to ensure the connected device sees a disconnect).
+                // Normally the provisioning should be stopped by stopTethering(int)
+                maybeStopUsbProvisioning();
+                rndisEnabled = false;
+                ncmEnabled = false;
+            }
+
+            if (mRndisEnabled != rndisEnabled) {
+                changeUsbIpServing(rndisEnabled, false /* forNcmFunction */);
+                mRndisEnabled = rndisEnabled;
+            }
+
+            if (mNcmEnabled != ncmEnabled) {
+                changeUsbIpServing(ncmEnabled, true /* forNcmFunction */);
+                mNcmEnabled = ncmEnabled;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void changeUsbIpServing(boolean enable, boolean forNcmFunction) {
+            if (enable) {
+                // enable ip serving if function is enabled and usb is configured.
+                enableUsbIpServing(forNcmFunction);
+            } else {
+                disableUsbIpServing(forNcmFunction);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void maybeStopUsbProvisioning() {
+            for (int i = 0; i < mTetherStates.size(); i++) {
+                final int type = mTetherStates.valueAt(i).ipServer.interfaceType();
+                if (type == TETHERING_USB || type == TETHERING_NCM) {
+                    mEntitlementMgr.stopProvisioningIfNeeded(type);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void handleWifiApAction(Intent intent) {
+            final int curState = intent.getIntExtra(EXTRA_WIFI_AP_STATE, WIFI_AP_STATE_DISABLED);
+            final String ifname = intent.getStringExtra(EXTRA_WIFI_AP_INTERFACE_NAME);
+            final int ipmode = intent.getIntExtra(EXTRA_WIFI_AP_MODE, IFACE_IP_MODE_UNSPECIFIED);
+
+            switch (curState) {
+                case WifiManager.WIFI_AP_STATE_ENABLING:
+                    // We can see this state on the way to both enabled and failure states.
+                    break;
+                case WifiManager.WIFI_AP_STATE_ENABLED:
+                    enableWifiIpServing(ifname, ipmode);
+                    break;
+                case WifiManager.WIFI_AP_STATE_DISABLING:
+                    // We can see this state on the way to disabled.
+                    break;
+                case WifiManager.WIFI_AP_STATE_DISABLED:
+                case WifiManager.WIFI_AP_STATE_FAILED:
+                default:
+                    disableWifiIpServing(ifname, curState);
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private boolean isGroupOwner(WifiP2pGroup group) {
+            return group != null && group.isGroupOwner()
+                    && !TextUtils.isEmpty(group.getInterface());
+        }
+
+        private void handleWifiP2pAction(Intent intent) {
+            if (mConfig.isWifiP2pLegacyTetheringMode()) return;
+
+            final WifiP2pInfo p2pInfo =
+                    (WifiP2pInfo) intent.getParcelableExtra(WifiP2pManager.EXTRA_WIFI_P2P_INFO);
+            final WifiP2pGroup group =
+                    (WifiP2pGroup) intent.getParcelableExtra(WifiP2pManager.EXTRA_WIFI_P2P_GROUP);
+
+            mLog.i("WifiP2pAction: P2pInfo: " + p2pInfo + " Group: " + group);
+
+            // if no group is formed, bring it down if needed.
+            if (p2pInfo == null || !p2pInfo.groupFormed) {
+                disableWifiP2pIpServingIfNeeded(mWifiP2pTetherInterface);
+                mWifiP2pTetherInterface = null;
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // If there is a group but the device is not the owner, bail out.
+            if (!isGroupOwner(group)) return;
+
+            // If already serving from the correct interface, nothing to do.
+            if (group.getInterface().equals(mWifiP2pTetherInterface)) return;
+
+            // If already serving from another interface, turn it down first.
+            if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(mWifiP2pTetherInterface)) {
+                mLog.w("P2P tethered interface " + mWifiP2pTetherInterface
+                        + "is different from current interface "
+                        + group.getInterface() + ", re-tether it");
+                disableWifiP2pIpServingIfNeeded(mWifiP2pTetherInterface);
+            }
+
+            // Finally bring up serving on the new interface
+            mWifiP2pTetherInterface = group.getInterface();
+            enableWifiIpServing(mWifiP2pTetherInterface, IFACE_IP_MODE_LOCAL_ONLY);
+        }
+
+        private void handleUserRestrictionAction() {
+            mTetheringRestriction.onUserRestrictionsChanged();
+        }
+
+        private void handleDataSaverChanged() {
+            final ConnectivityManager connMgr = (ConnectivityManager) mContext.getSystemService(
+                    Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
+            final boolean isDataSaverEnabled = connMgr.getRestrictBackgroundStatus()
+                    != ConnectivityManager.RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_DISABLED;
+
+            if (mDataSaverEnabled == isDataSaverEnabled) return;
+
+            mDataSaverEnabled = isDataSaverEnabled;
+            if (mDataSaverEnabled) {
+                untetherAll();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    SparseArray<TetheringRequestParcel> getActiveTetheringRequests() {
+        return mActiveTetheringRequests;
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    boolean isTetheringActive() {
+        return getTetheredIfaces().length > 0;
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected static class UserRestrictionActionListener {
+        private final UserManager mUserMgr;
+        private final Tethering mTethering;
+        private final TetheringNotificationUpdater mNotificationUpdater;
+        public boolean mDisallowTethering;
+
+        public UserRestrictionActionListener(@NonNull UserManager um, @NonNull Tethering tethering,
+                @NonNull TetheringNotificationUpdater updater) {
+            mUserMgr = um;
+            mTethering = tethering;
+            mNotificationUpdater = updater;
+            mDisallowTethering = false;
+        }
+
+        public void onUserRestrictionsChanged() {
+            // getUserRestrictions gets restriction for this process' user, which is the primary
+            // user. This is fine because DISALLOW_CONFIG_TETHERING can only be set on the primary
+            // user. See UserManager.DISALLOW_CONFIG_TETHERING.
+            final Bundle restrictions = mUserMgr.getUserRestrictions();
+            final boolean newlyDisallowed =
+                    restrictions.getBoolean(UserManager.DISALLOW_CONFIG_TETHERING);
+            final boolean prevDisallowed = mDisallowTethering;
+            mDisallowTethering = newlyDisallowed;
+
+            final boolean tetheringDisallowedChanged = (newlyDisallowed != prevDisallowed);
+            if (!tetheringDisallowedChanged) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (!newlyDisallowed) {
+                // Clear the restricted notification when user is allowed to have tethering
+                // function.
+                mNotificationUpdater.tetheringRestrictionLifted();
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (mTethering.isTetheringActive()) {
+                // Restricted notification is shown when tethering function is disallowed on
+                // user's device.
+                mNotificationUpdater.notifyTetheringDisabledByRestriction();
+
+                // Untether from all downstreams since tethering is disallowed.
+                mTethering.untetherAll();
+            }
+            // TODO(b/148139325): send tetheringSupported on restriction change
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void enableIpServing(int tetheringType, String ifname, int ipServingMode) {
+        enableIpServing(tetheringType, ifname, ipServingMode, false /* isNcm */);
+    }
+
+    private void enableIpServing(int tetheringType, String ifname, int ipServingMode,
+            boolean isNcm) {
+        ensureIpServerStarted(ifname, tetheringType, isNcm);
+        changeInterfaceState(ifname, ipServingMode);
+    }
+
+    private void disableWifiIpServingCommon(int tetheringType, String ifname, int apState) {
+        mLog.log("Canceling WiFi tethering request -"
+                + " type=" + tetheringType
+                + " interface=" + ifname
+                + " state=" + apState);
+
+        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(ifname)) {
+            final TetherState ts = mTetherStates.get(ifname);
+            if (ts != null) {
+                ts.ipServer.unwanted();
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < mTetherStates.size(); i++) {
+            final IpServer ipServer = mTetherStates.valueAt(i).ipServer;
+            if (ipServer.interfaceType() == tetheringType) {
+                ipServer.unwanted();
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        mLog.log("Error disabling Wi-Fi IP serving; "
+                + (TextUtils.isEmpty(ifname) ? "no interface name specified"
+                                           : "specified interface: " + ifname));
+    }
+
+    private void disableWifiIpServing(String ifname, int apState) {
+        // Regardless of whether we requested this transition, the AP has gone
+        // down.  Don't try to tether again unless we're requested to do so.
+        // TODO: Remove this altogether, once Wi-Fi reliably gives us an
+        // interface name with every broadcast.
+        mWifiTetherRequested = false;
+
+        disableWifiIpServingCommon(TETHERING_WIFI, ifname, apState);
+    }
+
+    private void disableWifiP2pIpServingIfNeeded(String ifname) {
+        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(ifname)) return;
+
+        disableWifiIpServingCommon(TETHERING_WIFI_P2P, ifname, /* fake */ 0);
+    }
+
+    private void enableWifiIpServing(String ifname, int wifiIpMode) {
+        // Map wifiIpMode values to IpServer.Callback serving states, inferring
+        // from mWifiTetherRequested as a final "best guess".
+        final int ipServingMode;
+        switch (wifiIpMode) {
+            case IFACE_IP_MODE_TETHERED:
+                ipServingMode = IpServer.STATE_TETHERED;
+                break;
+            case IFACE_IP_MODE_LOCAL_ONLY:
+                ipServingMode = IpServer.STATE_LOCAL_ONLY;
+                break;
+            default:
+                mLog.e("Cannot enable IP serving in unknown WiFi mode: " + wifiIpMode);
+                return;
+        }
+
+        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(ifname)) {
+            ensureIpServerStarted(ifname);
+            changeInterfaceState(ifname, ipServingMode);
+        } else {
+            mLog.e(String.format(
+                    "Cannot enable IP serving in mode %s on missing interface name",
+                    ipServingMode));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Pass TetheringRequest into this method. The code can look at the existing requests
+    // to see which one matches the function that was enabled. That will tell the code what
+    // tethering type was requested, without having to guess it from the configuration.
+    // This method:
+    //     - allows requesting either tethering or local hotspot serving states
+    //     - only tethers the first matching interface in listInterfaces()
+    //       order of a given type
+    private void enableUsbIpServing(boolean forNcmFunction) {
+        // Note: TetheringConfiguration#isUsingNcm can change between the call to
+        // startTethering(TETHERING_USB) and the ACTION_USB_STATE broadcast. If the USB tethering
+        // function changes from NCM to RNDIS, this can lead to Tethering starting NCM tethering
+        // as local-only. But if this happens, the SettingsObserver will call stopTetheringInternal
+        // for both TETHERING_USB and TETHERING_NCM, so the local-only NCM interface will be
+        // stopped immediately.
+        final int tetheringType = getServedUsbType(forNcmFunction);
+        final int requestedState = getRequestedState(tetheringType);
+        String[] ifaces = null;
+        try {
+            ifaces = mNetd.interfaceGetList();
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            mLog.e("Cannot enableUsbIpServing due to error listing Interfaces" + e);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (ifaces != null) {
+            for (String iface : ifaces) {
+                if (ifaceNameToType(iface) == tetheringType) {
+                    enableIpServing(tetheringType, iface, requestedState, forNcmFunction);
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        mLog.e("could not enable IpServer for function " + (forNcmFunction ? "NCM" : "RNDIS"));
+    }
+
+    private void disableUsbIpServing(boolean forNcmFunction) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < mTetherStates.size(); i++) {
+            final TetherState state = mTetherStates.valueAt(i);
+            final int type = state.ipServer.interfaceType();
+            if (type != TETHERING_USB && type != TETHERING_NCM) continue;
+
+            if (state.isNcm == forNcmFunction) {
+                ensureIpServerStopped(state.ipServer.interfaceName());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void changeInterfaceState(String ifname, int requestedState) {
+        final int result;
+        switch (requestedState) {
+            case IpServer.STATE_UNAVAILABLE:
+            case IpServer.STATE_AVAILABLE:
+                result = untether(ifname);
+                break;
+            case IpServer.STATE_TETHERED:
+            case IpServer.STATE_LOCAL_ONLY:
+                result = tether(ifname, requestedState);
+                break;
+            default:
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "Unknown interface state: " + requestedState);
+                return;
+        }
+        if (result != TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "unable start or stop tethering on iface " + ifname);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    TetheringConfiguration getTetheringConfiguration() {
+        return mConfig;
+    }
+
+    boolean hasAnySupportedDownstream() {
+        if ((mConfig.tetherableUsbRegexs.length != 0)
+                || (mConfig.tetherableWifiRegexs.length != 0)
+                || (mConfig.tetherableBluetoothRegexs.length != 0)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // Before T, isTetheringSupported would return true if wifi, usb and bluetooth tethering are
+        // disabled (whole tethering settings would be hidden). This means tethering would also not
+        // support wifi p2p, ethernet tethering and mirrorlink. This is wrong but probably there are
+        // some devices in the field rely on this to disable tethering entirely.
+        if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) return false;
+
+        return (mConfig.tetherableWifiP2pRegexs.length != 0)
+                || (mConfig.tetherableNcmRegexs.length != 0)
+                || isEthernetSupported();
+    }
+
+    // TODO: using EtherentManager new API to check whether ethernet is supported when the API is
+    // ready to use.
+    private boolean isEthernetSupported() {
+        return mContext.getSystemService(Context.ETHERNET_SERVICE) != null;
+    }
+
+    void setUsbTethering(boolean enable, IIntResultListener listener) {
+        mHandler.post(() -> {
+            try {
+                listener.onResult(setUsbTethering(enable));
+            } catch (RemoteException e) { }
+        });
+    }
+
+    private int setUsbTethering(boolean enable) {
+        if (VDBG) Log.d(TAG, "setUsbTethering(" + enable + ")");
+        UsbManager usbManager = (UsbManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.USB_SERVICE);
+        if (usbManager == null) {
+            mLog.e("setUsbTethering: failed to get UsbManager!");
+            return TETHER_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAIL;
+        }
+
+        final long usbFunction = mConfig.isUsingNcm()
+                ? UsbManager.FUNCTION_NCM : UsbManager.FUNCTION_RNDIS;
+        usbManager.setCurrentFunctions(enable ? usbFunction : UsbManager.FUNCTION_NONE);
+
+        return TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    private int setNcmTethering(boolean enable) {
+        if (VDBG) Log.d(TAG, "setNcmTethering(" + enable + ")");
+
+        // If TETHERING_USB is forced to use ncm function, TETHERING_NCM would no longer be
+        // available.
+        if (mConfig.isUsingNcm() && enable) return TETHER_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAIL;
+
+        UsbManager usbManager = (UsbManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.USB_SERVICE);
+        usbManager.setCurrentFunctions(enable ? UsbManager.FUNCTION_NCM : UsbManager.FUNCTION_NONE);
+        return TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    // TODO review API - figure out how to delete these entirely.
+    String[] getTetheredIfaces() {
+        ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
+        for (int i = 0; i < mTetherStates.size(); i++) {
+            TetherState tetherState = mTetherStates.valueAt(i);
+            if (tetherState.lastState == IpServer.STATE_TETHERED) {
+                list.add(mTetherStates.keyAt(i));
+            }
+        }
+        return list.toArray(new String[list.size()]);
+    }
+
+    String[] getTetherableIfacesForTest() {
+        ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
+        for (int i = 0; i < mTetherStates.size(); i++) {
+            TetherState tetherState = mTetherStates.valueAt(i);
+            if (tetherState.lastState == IpServer.STATE_AVAILABLE) {
+                list.add(mTetherStates.keyAt(i));
+            }
+        }
+        return list.toArray(new String[list.size()]);
+    }
+
+    private void logMessage(State state, int what) {
+        mLog.log(state.getName() + " got " + sMagicDecoderRing.get(what, Integer.toString(what)));
+    }
+
+    private boolean upstreamWanted() {
+        if (!mForwardedDownstreams.isEmpty()) return true;
+        return mWifiTetherRequested;
+    }
+
+    // Needed because the canonical source of upstream truth is just the
+    // upstream interface set, |mCurrentUpstreamIfaceSet|.
+    private boolean pertainsToCurrentUpstream(UpstreamNetworkState ns) {
+        if (ns != null && ns.linkProperties != null && mCurrentUpstreamIfaceSet != null) {
+            for (String ifname : ns.linkProperties.getAllInterfaceNames()) {
+                if (mCurrentUpstreamIfaceSet.ifnames.contains(ifname)) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    class TetherMainSM extends StateMachine {
+        // an interface SM has requested Tethering/Local Hotspot
+        static final int EVENT_IFACE_SERVING_STATE_ACTIVE       = BASE_MAIN_SM + 1;
+        // an interface SM has unrequested Tethering/Local Hotspot
+        static final int EVENT_IFACE_SERVING_STATE_INACTIVE     = BASE_MAIN_SM + 2;
+        // upstream connection change - do the right thing
+        static final int CMD_UPSTREAM_CHANGED                   = BASE_MAIN_SM + 3;
+        // we don't have a valid upstream conn, check again after a delay
+        static final int CMD_RETRY_UPSTREAM                     = BASE_MAIN_SM + 4;
+        // Events from NetworkCallbacks that we process on the main state
+        // machine thread on behalf of the UpstreamNetworkMonitor.
+        static final int EVENT_UPSTREAM_CALLBACK                = BASE_MAIN_SM + 5;
+        // we treated the error and want now to clear it
+        static final int CMD_CLEAR_ERROR                        = BASE_MAIN_SM + 6;
+        static final int EVENT_IFACE_UPDATE_LINKPROPERTIES      = BASE_MAIN_SM + 7;
+        // Events from EntitlementManager to choose upstream again.
+        static final int EVENT_UPSTREAM_PERMISSION_CHANGED      = BASE_MAIN_SM + 8;
+        private final State mInitialState;
+        private final State mTetherModeAliveState;
+
+        private final State mSetIpForwardingEnabledErrorState;
+        private final State mSetIpForwardingDisabledErrorState;
+        private final State mStartTetheringErrorState;
+        private final State mStopTetheringErrorState;
+        private final State mSetDnsForwardersErrorState;
+
+        // This list is a little subtle.  It contains all the interfaces that currently are
+        // requesting tethering, regardless of whether these interfaces are still members of
+        // mTetherStates.  This allows us to maintain the following predicates:
+        //
+        // 1) mTetherStates contains the set of all currently existing, tetherable, link state up
+        //    interfaces.
+        // 2) mNotifyList contains all state machines that may have outstanding tethering state
+        //    that needs to be torn down.
+        // 3) Use mNotifyList for predictable ordering order for ConnectedClientsTracker.
+        //
+        // Because we excise interfaces immediately from mTetherStates, we must maintain mNotifyList
+        // so that the garbage collector does not clean up the state machine before it has a chance
+        // to tear itself down.
+        private final ArrayList<IpServer> mNotifyList;
+        private final IPv6TetheringCoordinator mIPv6TetheringCoordinator;
+        private final OffloadWrapper mOffload;
+
+        private static final int UPSTREAM_SETTLE_TIME_MS     = 10000;
+
+        TetherMainSM(String name, Looper looper, TetheringDependencies deps) {
+            super(name, looper);
+
+            mInitialState = new InitialState();
+            mTetherModeAliveState = new TetherModeAliveState();
+            mSetIpForwardingEnabledErrorState = new SetIpForwardingEnabledErrorState();
+            mSetIpForwardingDisabledErrorState = new SetIpForwardingDisabledErrorState();
+            mStartTetheringErrorState = new StartTetheringErrorState();
+            mStopTetheringErrorState = new StopTetheringErrorState();
+            mSetDnsForwardersErrorState = new SetDnsForwardersErrorState();
+
+            addState(mInitialState);
+            addState(mTetherModeAliveState);
+            addState(mSetIpForwardingEnabledErrorState);
+            addState(mSetIpForwardingDisabledErrorState);
+            addState(mStartTetheringErrorState);
+            addState(mStopTetheringErrorState);
+            addState(mSetDnsForwardersErrorState);
+
+            mNotifyList = new ArrayList<>();
+            mIPv6TetheringCoordinator = deps.getIPv6TetheringCoordinator(mNotifyList, mLog);
+            mOffload = new OffloadWrapper();
+
+            setInitialState(mInitialState);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Returns all downstreams that are serving clients, regardless of they are actually
+         * tethered or localOnly. This must be called on the tethering thread (not thread-safe).
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public List<IpServer> getAllDownstreams() {
+            return mNotifyList;
+        }
+
+        class InitialState extends State {
+            @Override
+            public boolean processMessage(Message message) {
+                logMessage(this, message.what);
+                switch (message.what) {
+                    case EVENT_IFACE_SERVING_STATE_ACTIVE: {
+                        final IpServer who = (IpServer) message.obj;
+                        if (VDBG) Log.d(TAG, "Tether Mode requested by " + who);
+                        handleInterfaceServingStateActive(message.arg1, who);
+                        transitionTo(mTetherModeAliveState);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    case EVENT_IFACE_SERVING_STATE_INACTIVE: {
+                        final IpServer who = (IpServer) message.obj;
+                        if (VDBG) Log.d(TAG, "Tether Mode unrequested by " + who);
+                        handleInterfaceServingStateInactive(who);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    case EVENT_IFACE_UPDATE_LINKPROPERTIES:
+                        // Silently ignore these for now.
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        return NOT_HANDLED;
+                }
+                return HANDLED;
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected boolean turnOnMainTetherSettings() {
+            final TetheringConfiguration cfg = mConfig;
+            try {
+                mNetd.ipfwdEnableForwarding(TAG);
+            } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+                mLog.e(e);
+                transitionTo(mSetIpForwardingEnabledErrorState);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // TODO: Randomize DHCPv4 ranges, especially in hotspot mode.
+            // Legacy DHCP server is disabled if passed an empty ranges array
+            final String[] dhcpRanges = cfg.useLegacyDhcpServer()
+                    ? cfg.legacyDhcpRanges : new String[0];
+            try {
+                NetdUtils.tetherStart(mNetd, true /** usingLegacyDnsProxy */, dhcpRanges);
+            } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+                try {
+                    // Stop and retry.
+                    mNetd.tetherStop();
+                    NetdUtils.tetherStart(mNetd, true /** usingLegacyDnsProxy */, dhcpRanges);
+                } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException ee) {
+                    mLog.e(ee);
+                    transitionTo(mStartTetheringErrorState);
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            mLog.log("SET main tether settings: ON");
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        protected boolean turnOffMainTetherSettings() {
+            try {
+                mNetd.tetherStop();
+            } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+                mLog.e(e);
+                transitionTo(mStopTetheringErrorState);
+                return false;
+            }
+            try {
+                mNetd.ipfwdDisableForwarding(TAG);
+            } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+                mLog.e(e);
+                transitionTo(mSetIpForwardingDisabledErrorState);
+                return false;
+            }
+            transitionTo(mInitialState);
+            mLog.log("SET main tether settings: OFF");
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        protected void chooseUpstreamType(boolean tryCell) {
+            // We rebuild configuration on ACTION_CONFIGURATION_CHANGED, but we
+            // do not currently know how to watch for changes in DUN settings.
+            maybeDunSettingChanged();
+
+            final TetheringConfiguration config = mConfig;
+            final UpstreamNetworkState ns = (config.chooseUpstreamAutomatically)
+                    ? mUpstreamNetworkMonitor.getCurrentPreferredUpstream()
+                    : mUpstreamNetworkMonitor.selectPreferredUpstreamType(
+                            config.preferredUpstreamIfaceTypes);
+
+            if (ns == null) {
+                if (tryCell) {
+                    mUpstreamNetworkMonitor.setTryCell(true);
+                    // We think mobile should be coming up; don't set a retry.
+                } else {
+                    sendMessageDelayed(CMD_RETRY_UPSTREAM, UPSTREAM_SETTLE_TIME_MS);
+                }
+            } else if (!isCellular(ns)) {
+                mUpstreamNetworkMonitor.setTryCell(false);
+            }
+
+            setUpstreamNetwork(ns);
+            final Network newUpstream = (ns != null) ? ns.network : null;
+            if (mTetherUpstream != newUpstream) {
+                mTetherUpstream = newUpstream;
+                mUpstreamNetworkMonitor.setCurrentUpstream(mTetherUpstream);
+                reportUpstreamChanged(ns);
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected void setUpstreamNetwork(UpstreamNetworkState ns) {
+            InterfaceSet ifaces = null;
+            if (ns != null) {
+                // Find the interface with the default IPv4 route. It may be the
+                // interface described by linkProperties, or one of the interfaces
+                // stacked on top of it.
+                mLog.i("Looking for default routes on: " + ns.linkProperties);
+                ifaces = TetheringInterfaceUtils.getTetheringInterfaces(ns);
+                mLog.i("Found upstream interface(s): " + ifaces);
+            }
+
+            if (ifaces != null) {
+                setDnsForwarders(ns.network, ns.linkProperties);
+            }
+            notifyDownstreamsOfNewUpstreamIface(ifaces);
+            if (ns != null && pertainsToCurrentUpstream(ns)) {
+                // If we already have UpstreamNetworkState for this network update it immediately.
+                handleNewUpstreamNetworkState(ns);
+            } else if (mCurrentUpstreamIfaceSet == null) {
+                // There are no available upstream networks.
+                handleNewUpstreamNetworkState(null);
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected void setDnsForwarders(final Network network, final LinkProperties lp) {
+            // TODO: Set v4 and/or v6 DNS per available connectivity.
+            final Collection<InetAddress> dnses = lp.getDnsServers();
+            // TODO: Properly support the absence of DNS servers.
+            final String[] dnsServers;
+            if (dnses != null && !dnses.isEmpty()) {
+                dnsServers = new String[dnses.size()];
+                int i = 0;
+                for (InetAddress dns : dnses) {
+                    dnsServers[i++] = dns.getHostAddress();
+                }
+            } else {
+                dnsServers = mConfig.defaultIPv4DNS;
+            }
+            final int netId = (network != null) ? network.getNetId() : NETID_UNSET;
+            try {
+                mNetd.tetherDnsSet(netId, dnsServers);
+                mLog.log(String.format(
+                        "SET DNS forwarders: network=%s dnsServers=%s",
+                        network, Arrays.toString(dnsServers)));
+            } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+                // TODO: Investigate how this can fail and what exactly
+                // happens if/when such failures occur.
+                mLog.e("setting DNS forwarders failed, " + e);
+                transitionTo(mSetDnsForwardersErrorState);
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected void notifyDownstreamsOfNewUpstreamIface(InterfaceSet ifaces) {
+            mCurrentUpstreamIfaceSet = ifaces;
+            for (IpServer ipServer : mNotifyList) {
+                ipServer.sendMessage(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_CONNECTION_CHANGED, ifaces);
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected void handleNewUpstreamNetworkState(UpstreamNetworkState ns) {
+            mIPv6TetheringCoordinator.updateUpstreamNetworkState(ns);
+            mOffload.updateUpstreamNetworkState(ns);
+            mBpfCoordinator.updateUpstreamNetworkState(ns);
+        }
+
+        private void handleInterfaceServingStateActive(int mode, IpServer who) {
+            if (mNotifyList.indexOf(who) < 0) {
+                mNotifyList.add(who);
+                mIPv6TetheringCoordinator.addActiveDownstream(who, mode);
+            }
+
+            if (mode == IpServer.STATE_TETHERED) {
+                // No need to notify OffloadController just yet as there are no
+                // "offload-able" prefixes to pass along. This will handled
+                // when the TISM informs Tethering of its LinkProperties.
+                mForwardedDownstreams.add(who);
+            } else {
+                mOffload.excludeDownstreamInterface(who.interfaceName());
+                mForwardedDownstreams.remove(who);
+            }
+
+            // If this is a Wi-Fi interface, notify WifiManager of the active serving state.
+            if (who.interfaceType() == TETHERING_WIFI) {
+                final WifiManager mgr = getWifiManager();
+                final String iface = who.interfaceName();
+                switch (mode) {
+                    case IpServer.STATE_TETHERED:
+                        mgr.updateInterfaceIpState(iface, IFACE_IP_MODE_TETHERED);
+                        break;
+                    case IpServer.STATE_LOCAL_ONLY:
+                        mgr.updateInterfaceIpState(iface, IFACE_IP_MODE_LOCAL_ONLY);
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        Log.wtf(TAG, "Unknown active serving mode: " + mode);
+                        break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void handleInterfaceServingStateInactive(IpServer who) {
+            mNotifyList.remove(who);
+            mIPv6TetheringCoordinator.removeActiveDownstream(who);
+            mOffload.excludeDownstreamInterface(who.interfaceName());
+            mForwardedDownstreams.remove(who);
+            updateConnectedClients(null /* wifiClients */);
+
+            // If this is a Wi-Fi interface, tell WifiManager of any errors
+            // or the inactive serving state.
+            if (who.interfaceType() == TETHERING_WIFI) {
+                final WifiManager mgr = getWifiManager();
+                final String iface = who.interfaceName();
+                if (mgr == null) {
+                    Log.wtf(TAG, "Skipping WifiManager notification about inactive tethering");
+                } else if (who.lastError() != TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR) {
+                    mgr.updateInterfaceIpState(iface, IFACE_IP_MODE_CONFIGURATION_ERROR);
+                } else {
+                    mgr.updateInterfaceIpState(iface, IFACE_IP_MODE_UNSPECIFIED);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        @VisibleForTesting
+        void handleUpstreamNetworkMonitorCallback(int arg1, Object o) {
+            if (arg1 == UpstreamNetworkMonitor.NOTIFY_LOCAL_PREFIXES) {
+                mOffload.sendOffloadExemptPrefixes((Set<IpPrefix>) o);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            final UpstreamNetworkState ns = (UpstreamNetworkState) o;
+            switch (arg1) {
+                case UpstreamNetworkMonitor.EVENT_ON_LINKPROPERTIES:
+                    mPrivateAddressCoordinator.updateUpstreamPrefix(ns);
+                    break;
+                case UpstreamNetworkMonitor.EVENT_ON_LOST:
+                    mPrivateAddressCoordinator.removeUpstreamPrefix(ns.network);
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            if (mConfig.chooseUpstreamAutomatically
+                    && arg1 == UpstreamNetworkMonitor.EVENT_DEFAULT_SWITCHED) {
+                chooseUpstreamType(true);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (ns == null || !pertainsToCurrentUpstream(ns)) {
+                // TODO: In future, this is where upstream evaluation and selection
+                // could be handled for notifications which include sufficient data.
+                // For example, after CONNECTIVITY_ACTION listening is removed, here
+                // is where we could observe a Wi-Fi network becoming available and
+                // passing validation.
+                if (mCurrentUpstreamIfaceSet == null) {
+                    // If we have no upstream interface, try to run through upstream
+                    // selection again.  If, for example, IPv4 connectivity has shown up
+                    // after IPv6 (e.g., 464xlat became available) we want the chance to
+                    // notice and act accordingly.
+                    chooseUpstreamType(false);
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+
+            switch (arg1) {
+                case UpstreamNetworkMonitor.EVENT_ON_CAPABILITIES:
+                    if (ns.network.equals(mTetherUpstream)) {
+                        mNotificationUpdater.onUpstreamCapabilitiesChanged(ns.networkCapabilities);
+                    }
+                    handleNewUpstreamNetworkState(ns);
+                    break;
+                case UpstreamNetworkMonitor.EVENT_ON_LINKPROPERTIES:
+                    chooseUpstreamType(false);
+                    break;
+                case UpstreamNetworkMonitor.EVENT_ON_LOST:
+                    // TODO: Re-evaluate possible upstreams. Currently upstream
+                    // reevaluation is triggered via received CONNECTIVITY_ACTION
+                    // broadcasts that result in being passed a
+                    // TetherMainSM.CMD_UPSTREAM_CHANGED.
+                    handleNewUpstreamNetworkState(null);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    mLog.e("Unknown arg1 value: " + arg1);
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        class TetherModeAliveState extends State {
+            boolean mUpstreamWanted = false;
+            boolean mTryCell = true;
+
+            @Override
+            public void enter() {
+                // If turning on main tether settings fails, we have already
+                // transitioned to an error state; exit early.
+                if (!turnOnMainTetherSettings()) {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                mPrivateAddressCoordinator.maybeRemoveDeprecatedUpstreams();
+                mUpstreamNetworkMonitor.startObserveAllNetworks();
+
+                // TODO: De-duplicate with updateUpstreamWanted() below.
+                if (upstreamWanted()) {
+                    mUpstreamWanted = true;
+                    mOffload.start();
+                    chooseUpstreamType(true);
+                    mTryCell = false;
+                }
+
+                // TODO: Check the upstream interface if it is managed by BPF offload.
+                mBpfCoordinator.startPolling();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void exit() {
+                mOffload.stop();
+                mUpstreamNetworkMonitor.stop();
+                notifyDownstreamsOfNewUpstreamIface(null);
+                handleNewUpstreamNetworkState(null);
+                if (mTetherUpstream != null) {
+                    mTetherUpstream = null;
+                    reportUpstreamChanged(null);
+                }
+                mBpfCoordinator.stopPolling();
+            }
+
+            private boolean updateUpstreamWanted() {
+                final boolean previousUpstreamWanted = mUpstreamWanted;
+                mUpstreamWanted = upstreamWanted();
+                if (mUpstreamWanted != previousUpstreamWanted) {
+                    if (mUpstreamWanted) {
+                        mOffload.start();
+                    } else {
+                        mOffload.stop();
+                    }
+                }
+                return previousUpstreamWanted;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public boolean processMessage(Message message) {
+                logMessage(this, message.what);
+                boolean retValue = true;
+                switch (message.what) {
+                    case EVENT_IFACE_SERVING_STATE_ACTIVE: {
+                        IpServer who = (IpServer) message.obj;
+                        if (VDBG) Log.d(TAG, "Tether Mode requested by " + who);
+                        handleInterfaceServingStateActive(message.arg1, who);
+                        who.sendMessage(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_CONNECTION_CHANGED,
+                                mCurrentUpstreamIfaceSet);
+                        // If there has been a change and an upstream is now
+                        // desired, kick off the selection process.
+                        final boolean previousUpstreamWanted = updateUpstreamWanted();
+                        if (!previousUpstreamWanted && mUpstreamWanted) {
+                            chooseUpstreamType(true);
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    case EVENT_IFACE_SERVING_STATE_INACTIVE: {
+                        IpServer who = (IpServer) message.obj;
+                        if (VDBG) Log.d(TAG, "Tether Mode unrequested by " + who);
+                        handleInterfaceServingStateInactive(who);
+
+                        if (mNotifyList.isEmpty()) {
+                            // This transitions us out of TetherModeAliveState,
+                            // either to InitialState or an error state.
+                            turnOffMainTetherSettings();
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        if (DBG) {
+                            Log.d(TAG, "TetherModeAlive still has " + mNotifyList.size()
+                                    + " live requests:");
+                            for (IpServer o : mNotifyList) {
+                                Log.d(TAG, "  " + o);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        // If there has been a change and an upstream is no
+                        // longer desired, release any mobile requests.
+                        final boolean previousUpstreamWanted = updateUpstreamWanted();
+                        if (previousUpstreamWanted && !mUpstreamWanted) {
+                            mUpstreamNetworkMonitor.setTryCell(false);
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    case EVENT_IFACE_UPDATE_LINKPROPERTIES: {
+                        final LinkProperties newLp = (LinkProperties) message.obj;
+                        if (message.arg1 == IpServer.STATE_TETHERED) {
+                            mOffload.updateDownstreamLinkProperties(newLp);
+                        } else {
+                            mOffload.excludeDownstreamInterface(newLp.getInterfaceName());
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    case EVENT_UPSTREAM_PERMISSION_CHANGED:
+                    case CMD_UPSTREAM_CHANGED:
+                        updateUpstreamWanted();
+                        if (!mUpstreamWanted) break;
+
+                        // Need to try DUN immediately if Wi-Fi goes down.
+                        chooseUpstreamType(true);
+                        mTryCell = false;
+                        break;
+                    case CMD_RETRY_UPSTREAM:
+                        updateUpstreamWanted();
+                        if (!mUpstreamWanted) break;
+
+                        chooseUpstreamType(mTryCell);
+                        mTryCell = !mTryCell;
+                        break;
+                    case EVENT_UPSTREAM_CALLBACK: {
+                        updateUpstreamWanted();
+                        if (mUpstreamWanted) {
+                            handleUpstreamNetworkMonitorCallback(message.arg1, message.obj);
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    default:
+                        retValue = false;
+                        break;
+                }
+                return retValue;
+            }
+        }
+
+        class ErrorState extends State {
+            private int mErrorNotification;
+
+            @Override
+            public boolean processMessage(Message message) {
+                boolean retValue = true;
+                switch (message.what) {
+                    case EVENT_IFACE_SERVING_STATE_ACTIVE:
+                        IpServer who = (IpServer) message.obj;
+                        who.sendMessage(mErrorNotification);
+                        break;
+                    case CMD_CLEAR_ERROR:
+                        mErrorNotification = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+                        transitionTo(mInitialState);
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        retValue = false;
+                }
+                return retValue;
+            }
+
+            void notify(int msgType) {
+                mErrorNotification = msgType;
+                for (IpServer ipServer : mNotifyList) {
+                    ipServer.sendMessage(msgType);
+                }
+            }
+
+        }
+
+        class SetIpForwardingEnabledErrorState extends ErrorState {
+            @Override
+            public void enter() {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Error in setIpForwardingEnabled");
+                notify(IpServer.CMD_IP_FORWARDING_ENABLE_ERROR);
+            }
+        }
+
+        class SetIpForwardingDisabledErrorState extends ErrorState {
+            @Override
+            public void enter() {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Error in setIpForwardingDisabled");
+                notify(IpServer.CMD_IP_FORWARDING_DISABLE_ERROR);
+            }
+        }
+
+        class StartTetheringErrorState extends ErrorState {
+            @Override
+            public void enter() {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Error in startTethering");
+                notify(IpServer.CMD_START_TETHERING_ERROR);
+                try {
+                    mNetd.ipfwdDisableForwarding(TAG);
+                } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) { }
+            }
+        }
+
+        class StopTetheringErrorState extends ErrorState {
+            @Override
+            public void enter() {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Error in stopTethering");
+                notify(IpServer.CMD_STOP_TETHERING_ERROR);
+                try {
+                    mNetd.ipfwdDisableForwarding(TAG);
+                } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) { }
+            }
+        }
+
+        class SetDnsForwardersErrorState extends ErrorState {
+            @Override
+            public void enter() {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Error in setDnsForwarders");
+                notify(IpServer.CMD_SET_DNS_FORWARDERS_ERROR);
+                try {
+                    mNetd.tetherStop();
+                } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) { }
+                try {
+                    mNetd.ipfwdDisableForwarding(TAG);
+                } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) { }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // A wrapper class to handle multiple situations where several calls to
+        // the OffloadController need to happen together.
+        //
+        // TODO: This suggests that the interface between OffloadController and
+        // Tethering is in need of improvement. Refactor these calls into the
+        // OffloadController implementation.
+        class OffloadWrapper {
+            public void start() {
+                final int status = mOffloadController.start() ? TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STARTED
+                        : TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_FAILED;
+                updateOffloadStatus(status);
+                sendOffloadExemptPrefixes();
+            }
+
+            public void stop() {
+                mOffloadController.stop();
+                updateOffloadStatus(TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STOPPED);
+            }
+
+            public void updateUpstreamNetworkState(UpstreamNetworkState ns) {
+                mOffloadController.setUpstreamLinkProperties(
+                        (ns != null) ? ns.linkProperties : null);
+            }
+
+            public void updateDownstreamLinkProperties(LinkProperties newLp) {
+                // Update the list of offload-exempt prefixes before adding
+                // new prefixes on downstream interfaces to the offload HAL.
+                sendOffloadExemptPrefixes();
+                mOffloadController.notifyDownstreamLinkProperties(newLp);
+            }
+
+            public void excludeDownstreamInterface(String ifname) {
+                // This and other interfaces may be in local-only hotspot mode;
+                // resend all local prefixes to the OffloadController.
+                sendOffloadExemptPrefixes();
+                mOffloadController.removeDownstreamInterface(ifname);
+            }
+
+            public void sendOffloadExemptPrefixes() {
+                sendOffloadExemptPrefixes(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor.getLocalPrefixes());
+            }
+
+            public void sendOffloadExemptPrefixes(final Set<IpPrefix> localPrefixes) {
+                // Add in well-known minimum set.
+                PrefixUtils.addNonForwardablePrefixes(localPrefixes);
+                // Add tragically hardcoded prefixes.
+                localPrefixes.add(PrefixUtils.DEFAULT_WIFI_P2P_PREFIX);
+
+                // Maybe add prefixes or addresses for downstreams, depending on
+                // the IP serving mode of each.
+                for (IpServer ipServer : mNotifyList) {
+                    final LinkProperties lp = ipServer.linkProperties();
+
+                    switch (ipServer.servingMode()) {
+                        case IpServer.STATE_UNAVAILABLE:
+                        case IpServer.STATE_AVAILABLE:
+                            // No usable LinkProperties in these states.
+                            continue;
+                        case IpServer.STATE_TETHERED:
+                            // Only add IPv4 /32 and IPv6 /128 prefixes. The
+                            // directly-connected prefixes will be sent as
+                            // downstream "offload-able" prefixes.
+                            for (LinkAddress addr : lp.getAllLinkAddresses()) {
+                                final InetAddress ip = addr.getAddress();
+                                if (ip.isLinkLocalAddress()) continue;
+                                localPrefixes.add(PrefixUtils.ipAddressAsPrefix(ip));
+                            }
+                            break;
+                        case IpServer.STATE_LOCAL_ONLY:
+                            // Add prefixes covering all local IPs.
+                            localPrefixes.addAll(PrefixUtils.localPrefixesFrom(lp));
+                            break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                mOffloadController.setLocalPrefixes(localPrefixes);
+            }
+
+            private void updateOffloadStatus(final int newStatus) {
+                if (newStatus == mOffloadStatus) return;
+
+                mOffloadStatus = newStatus;
+                reportOffloadStatusChanged(mOffloadStatus);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void startTrackDefaultNetwork() {
+        mUpstreamNetworkMonitor.startTrackDefaultNetwork(mEntitlementMgr);
+    }
+
+    /** Get the latest value of the tethering entitlement check. */
+    void requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(int type, ResultReceiver receiver,
+            boolean showEntitlementUi) {
+        if (receiver == null) return;
+
+        mHandler.post(() -> {
+            mEntitlementMgr.requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(type, receiver,
+                    showEntitlementUi);
+        });
+    }
+
+    /** Register tethering event callback */
+    void registerTetheringEventCallback(ITetheringEventCallback callback) {
+        final boolean hasListPermission =
+                hasCallingPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS)
+                        || hasCallingPermission(PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK)
+                        || hasCallingPermission(NETWORK_STACK);
+        mHandler.post(() -> {
+            mTetheringEventCallbacks.register(callback, new CallbackCookie(hasListPermission));
+            final TetheringCallbackStartedParcel parcel = new TetheringCallbackStartedParcel();
+            parcel.tetheringSupported = isTetheringSupported();
+            parcel.upstreamNetwork = mTetherUpstream;
+            parcel.config = mConfig.toStableParcelable();
+            parcel.states =
+                    mTetherStatesParcel != null ? mTetherStatesParcel : emptyTetherStatesParcel();
+            parcel.tetheredClients = hasListPermission
+                    ? mConnectedClientsTracker.getLastTetheredClients()
+                    : Collections.emptyList();
+            parcel.offloadStatus = mOffloadStatus;
+            try {
+                callback.onCallbackStarted(parcel);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                // Not really very much to do here.
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    private TetherStatesParcel emptyTetherStatesParcel() {
+        final TetherStatesParcel parcel = new TetherStatesParcel();
+        parcel.availableList = new TetheringInterface[0];
+        parcel.tetheredList = new TetheringInterface[0];
+        parcel.localOnlyList = new TetheringInterface[0];
+        parcel.erroredIfaceList = new TetheringInterface[0];
+        parcel.lastErrorList = new int[0];
+
+        return parcel;
+    }
+
+    private boolean hasCallingPermission(@NonNull String permission) {
+        return mContext.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(permission) == PERMISSION_GRANTED;
+    }
+
+    /** Unregister tethering event callback */
+    void unregisterTetheringEventCallback(ITetheringEventCallback callback) {
+        mHandler.post(() -> {
+            mTetheringEventCallbacks.unregister(callback);
+        });
+    }
+
+    private void reportUpstreamChanged(UpstreamNetworkState ns) {
+        final int length = mTetheringEventCallbacks.beginBroadcast();
+        final Network network = (ns != null) ? ns.network : null;
+        final NetworkCapabilities capabilities = (ns != null) ? ns.networkCapabilities : null;
+        try {
+            for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+                try {
+                    mTetheringEventCallbacks.getBroadcastItem(i).onUpstreamChanged(network);
+                } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                    // Not really very much to do here.
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            mTetheringEventCallbacks.finishBroadcast();
+        }
+        // Need to notify capabilities change after upstream network changed because new network's
+        // capabilities should be checked every time.
+        mNotificationUpdater.onUpstreamCapabilitiesChanged(capabilities);
+    }
+
+    private void reportConfigurationChanged(TetheringConfigurationParcel config) {
+        final int length = mTetheringEventCallbacks.beginBroadcast();
+        try {
+            for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+                try {
+                    mTetheringEventCallbacks.getBroadcastItem(i).onConfigurationChanged(config);
+                    // TODO(b/148139325): send tetheringSupported on configuration change
+                } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                    // Not really very much to do here.
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            mTetheringEventCallbacks.finishBroadcast();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void reportTetherStateChanged(TetherStatesParcel states) {
+        final int length = mTetheringEventCallbacks.beginBroadcast();
+        try {
+            for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+                try {
+                    mTetheringEventCallbacks.getBroadcastItem(i).onTetherStatesChanged(states);
+                } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                    // Not really very much to do here.
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            mTetheringEventCallbacks.finishBroadcast();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void reportTetherClientsChanged(List<TetheredClient> clients) {
+        final int length = mTetheringEventCallbacks.beginBroadcast();
+        try {
+            for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+                try {
+                    final CallbackCookie cookie =
+                            (CallbackCookie) mTetheringEventCallbacks.getBroadcastCookie(i);
+                    if (!cookie.hasListClientsPermission) continue;
+                    mTetheringEventCallbacks.getBroadcastItem(i).onTetherClientsChanged(clients);
+                } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                    // Not really very much to do here.
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            mTetheringEventCallbacks.finishBroadcast();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void reportOffloadStatusChanged(final int status) {
+        final int length = mTetheringEventCallbacks.beginBroadcast();
+        try {
+            for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+                try {
+                    mTetheringEventCallbacks.getBroadcastItem(i).onOffloadStatusChanged(status);
+                } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                    // Not really very much to do here.
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            mTetheringEventCallbacks.finishBroadcast();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // if ro.tether.denied = true we default to no tethering
+    // gservices could set the secure setting to 1 though to enable it on a build where it
+    // had previously been turned off.
+    boolean isTetheringSupported() {
+        final int defaultVal = mDeps.isTetheringDenied() ? 0 : 1;
+        final boolean tetherSupported = Settings.Global.getInt(mContext.getContentResolver(),
+                Settings.Global.TETHER_SUPPORTED, defaultVal) != 0;
+        final boolean tetherEnabledInSettings = tetherSupported
+                && !mUserManager.hasUserRestriction(UserManager.DISALLOW_CONFIG_TETHERING);
+
+        return tetherEnabledInSettings && hasAnySupportedDownstream()
+                && !mEntitlementMgr.isProvisioningNeededButUnavailable();
+    }
+
+    private void dumpBpf(IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
+        pw.println("BPF offload:");
+        pw.increaseIndent();
+        mBpfCoordinator.dump(pw);
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
+    }
+
+    void doDump(@NonNull FileDescriptor fd, @NonNull PrintWriter writer, @Nullable String[] args) {
+        // Binder.java closes the resource for us.
+        @SuppressWarnings("resource") final IndentingPrintWriter pw = new IndentingPrintWriter(
+                writer, "  ");
+
+        // Used for testing instead of human debug.
+        // TODO: add options to choose which map to dump.
+        if (argsContain(args, "bpfRawMap")) {
+            mBpfCoordinator.dumpRawMap(pw);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (argsContain(args, "bpf")) {
+            dumpBpf(pw);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        pw.println("Tethering:");
+        pw.increaseIndent();
+
+        pw.println("Callbacks registered: "
+                + mTetheringEventCallbacks.getRegisteredCallbackCount());
+
+        pw.println("Configuration:");
+        pw.increaseIndent();
+        final TetheringConfiguration cfg = mConfig;
+        cfg.dump(pw);
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
+
+        pw.println("Entitlement:");
+        pw.increaseIndent();
+        mEntitlementMgr.dump(pw);
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
+
+        pw.println("Tether state:");
+        pw.increaseIndent();
+        for (int i = 0; i < mTetherStates.size(); i++) {
+            final String iface = mTetherStates.keyAt(i);
+            final TetherState tetherState = mTetherStates.valueAt(i);
+            pw.print(iface + " - ");
+
+            switch (tetherState.lastState) {
+                case IpServer.STATE_UNAVAILABLE:
+                    pw.print("UnavailableState");
+                    break;
+                case IpServer.STATE_AVAILABLE:
+                    pw.print("AvailableState");
+                    break;
+                case IpServer.STATE_TETHERED:
+                    pw.print("TetheredState");
+                    break;
+                case IpServer.STATE_LOCAL_ONLY:
+                    pw.print("LocalHotspotState");
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    pw.print("UnknownState");
+                    break;
+            }
+            pw.println(" - lastError = " + tetherState.lastError);
+        }
+        pw.println("Upstream wanted: " + upstreamWanted());
+        pw.println("Current upstream interface(s): " + mCurrentUpstreamIfaceSet);
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
+
+        pw.println("Hardware offload:");
+        pw.increaseIndent();
+        mOffloadController.dump(pw);
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
+
+        dumpBpf(pw);
+
+        pw.println("Private address coordinator:");
+        pw.increaseIndent();
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.dump(pw);
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
+
+        pw.println("Log:");
+        pw.increaseIndent();
+        if (argsContain(args, "--short")) {
+            pw.println("<log removed for brevity>");
+        } else {
+            mLog.dump(fd, pw, args);
+        }
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
+
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
+    }
+
+    void dump(@NonNull FileDescriptor fd, @NonNull PrintWriter writer, @Nullable String[] args) {
+        if (mContext.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(android.Manifest.permission.DUMP)
+                != PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
+            writer.println("Permission Denial: can't dump.");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+
+        // Don't crash the system if something in doDump throws an exception, but try to propagate
+        // the exception to the caller.
+        AtomicReference<RuntimeException> exceptionRef = new AtomicReference<>();
+        mHandler.post(() -> {
+            try {
+                doDump(fd, writer, args);
+            } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+                exceptionRef.set(e);
+            }
+            latch.countDown();
+        });
+
+        try {
+            if (!latch.await(DUMP_TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)) {
+                writer.println("Dump timeout after " + DUMP_TIMEOUT_MS + "ms");
+                return;
+            }
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            exceptionRef.compareAndSet(null, new IllegalStateException("Dump interrupted", e));
+        }
+
+        final RuntimeException e = exceptionRef.get();
+        if (e != null) throw e;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean argsContain(String[] args, String target) {
+        for (String arg : args) {
+            if (target.equals(arg)) return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private void updateConnectedClients(final List<WifiClient> wifiClients) {
+        if (mConnectedClientsTracker.updateConnectedClients(mTetherMainSM.getAllDownstreams(),
+                wifiClients)) {
+            reportTetherClientsChanged(mConnectedClientsTracker.getLastTetheredClients());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private IpServer.Callback makeControlCallback() {
+        return new IpServer.Callback() {
+            @Override
+            public void updateInterfaceState(IpServer who, int state, int lastError) {
+                notifyInterfaceStateChange(who, state, lastError);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void updateLinkProperties(IpServer who, LinkProperties newLp) {
+                notifyLinkPropertiesChanged(who, newLp);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void dhcpLeasesChanged() {
+                updateConnectedClients(null /* wifiClients */);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void requestEnableTethering(int tetheringType, boolean enabled) {
+                enableTetheringInternal(tetheringType, enabled, null);
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Move into TetherMainSM.
+    private void notifyInterfaceStateChange(IpServer who, int state, int error) {
+        final String iface = who.interfaceName();
+        final TetherState tetherState = mTetherStates.get(iface);
+        if (tetherState != null && tetherState.ipServer.equals(who)) {
+            tetherState.lastState = state;
+            tetherState.lastError = error;
+        } else {
+            if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "got notification from stale iface " + iface);
+        }
+
+        mLog.log(String.format("OBSERVED iface=%s state=%s error=%s", iface, state, error));
+
+        // If TetherMainSM is in ErrorState, TetherMainSM stays there.
+        // Thus we give a chance for TetherMainSM to recover to InitialState
+        // by sending CMD_CLEAR_ERROR
+        if (error == TETHER_ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR) {
+            mTetherMainSM.sendMessage(TetherMainSM.CMD_CLEAR_ERROR, who);
+        }
+        int which;
+        switch (state) {
+            case IpServer.STATE_UNAVAILABLE:
+            case IpServer.STATE_AVAILABLE:
+                which = TetherMainSM.EVENT_IFACE_SERVING_STATE_INACTIVE;
+                break;
+            case IpServer.STATE_TETHERED:
+            case IpServer.STATE_LOCAL_ONLY:
+                which = TetherMainSM.EVENT_IFACE_SERVING_STATE_ACTIVE;
+                break;
+            default:
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "Unknown interface state: " + state);
+                return;
+        }
+        mTetherMainSM.sendMessage(which, state, 0, who);
+        sendTetherStateChangedBroadcast();
+    }
+
+    private void notifyLinkPropertiesChanged(IpServer who, LinkProperties newLp) {
+        final String iface = who.interfaceName();
+        final int state;
+        final TetherState tetherState = mTetherStates.get(iface);
+        if (tetherState != null && tetherState.ipServer.equals(who)) {
+            state = tetherState.lastState;
+        } else {
+            mLog.log("got notification from stale iface " + iface);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        mLog.log(String.format(
+                "OBSERVED LinkProperties update iface=%s state=%s lp=%s",
+                iface, IpServer.getStateString(state), newLp));
+        final int which = TetherMainSM.EVENT_IFACE_UPDATE_LINKPROPERTIES;
+        mTetherMainSM.sendMessage(which, state, 0, newLp);
+    }
+
+    private void ensureIpServerStarted(final String iface) {
+        // If we don't care about this type of interface, ignore.
+        final int interfaceType = ifaceNameToType(iface);
+        if (interfaceType == TETHERING_INVALID) {
+            mLog.log(iface + " is not a tetherable iface, ignoring");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final PackageManager pm = mContext.getPackageManager();
+        if ((interfaceType == TETHERING_WIFI || interfaceType == TETHERING_WIGIG)
+                && !pm.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI)) {
+            mLog.log(iface + " is not tetherable, because WiFi feature is disabled");
+            return;
+        }
+        if (interfaceType == TETHERING_WIFI_P2P
+                && !pm.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI_DIRECT)) {
+            mLog.log(iface + " is not tetherable, because WiFi Direct feature is disabled");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        ensureIpServerStarted(iface, interfaceType, false /* isNcm */);
+    }
+
+    private void ensureIpServerStarted(final String iface, int interfaceType, boolean isNcm) {
+        // If we have already started a TISM for this interface, skip.
+        if (mTetherStates.containsKey(iface)) {
+            mLog.log("active iface (" + iface + ") reported as added, ignoring");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        mLog.i("adding IpServer for: " + iface);
+        final TetherState tetherState = new TetherState(
+                new IpServer(iface, mLooper, interfaceType, mLog, mNetd, mBpfCoordinator,
+                             makeControlCallback(), mConfig, mPrivateAddressCoordinator,
+                             mDeps.getIpServerDependencies()), isNcm);
+        mTetherStates.put(iface, tetherState);
+        tetherState.ipServer.start();
+    }
+
+    private void ensureIpServerStopped(final String iface) {
+        final TetherState tetherState = mTetherStates.get(iface);
+        if (tetherState == null) return;
+
+        tetherState.ipServer.stop();
+        mLog.i("removing IpServer for: " + iface);
+        mTetherStates.remove(iface);
+    }
+
+    private static String[] copy(String[] strarray) {
+        return Arrays.copyOf(strarray, strarray.length);
+    }
+
+    void setPreferTestNetworks(final boolean prefer, IIntResultListener listener) {
+        mHandler.post(() -> {
+            mUpstreamNetworkMonitor.setPreferTestNetworks(prefer);
+            try {
+                listener.onResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) { }
+        });
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfiguration.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfiguration.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eaf8589
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfiguration.java
@@ -0,0 +1,590 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+
+import static android.content.Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_ETHERNET;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_DUN;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI;
+import static android.provider.DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.DeviceConfigUtils.TETHERING_MODULE_NAME;
+
+import android.content.ContentResolver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.res.Resources;
+import android.net.TetheringConfigurationParcel;
+import android.net.util.SharedLog;
+import android.provider.DeviceConfig;
+import android.provider.Settings;
+import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager;
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+import com.android.net.module.util.DeviceConfigUtils;
+
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.StringJoiner;
+
+/**
+ * A utility class to encapsulate the various tethering configuration elements.
+ *
+ * This configuration data includes elements describing upstream properties
+ * (preferred and required types of upstream connectivity as well as default
+ * DNS servers to use if none are available) and downstream properties (such
+ * as regular expressions use to match suitable downstream interfaces and the
+ * DHCPv4 ranges to use).
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class TetheringConfiguration {
+    private static final String TAG = TetheringConfiguration.class.getSimpleName();
+
+    private static final String[] EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY = new String[0];
+
+    // Default ranges used for the legacy DHCP server.
+    // USB is  192.168.42.1 and 255.255.255.0
+    // Wifi is 192.168.43.1 and 255.255.255.0
+    // BT is limited to max default of 5 connections. 192.168.44.1 to 192.168.48.1
+    // with 255.255.255.0
+    // P2P is 192.168.49.1 and 255.255.255.0
+    private static final String[] LEGACY_DHCP_DEFAULT_RANGE = {
+        "192.168.42.2", "192.168.42.254", "192.168.43.2", "192.168.43.254",
+        "192.168.44.2", "192.168.44.254", "192.168.45.2", "192.168.45.254",
+        "192.168.46.2", "192.168.46.254", "192.168.47.2", "192.168.47.254",
+        "192.168.48.2", "192.168.48.254", "192.168.49.2", "192.168.49.254",
+    };
+
+    private static final String[] DEFAULT_IPV4_DNS = {"8.8.4.4", "8.8.8.8"};
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static final int TETHER_USB_RNDIS_FUNCTION = 0;
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static final int TETHER_USB_NCM_FUNCTION   = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * Override enabling BPF offload configuration for tethering.
+     */
+    public static final String OVERRIDE_TETHER_ENABLE_BPF_OFFLOAD =
+            "override_tether_enable_bpf_offload";
+
+    /**
+     * Use the old dnsmasq DHCP server for tethering instead of the framework implementation.
+     */
+    public static final String TETHER_ENABLE_LEGACY_DHCP_SERVER =
+            "tether_enable_legacy_dhcp_server";
+
+    public static final String USE_LEGACY_WIFI_P2P_DEDICATED_IP =
+            "use_legacy_wifi_p2p_dedicated_ip";
+
+    /**
+     * Experiment flag to force choosing upstreams automatically.
+     *
+     * This setting is intended to help force-enable the feature on OEM devices that disabled it
+     * via resource overlays, and later noticed issues. To that end, it overrides
+     * config_tether_upstream_automatic when set to true.
+     *
+     * This flag is enabled if !=0 and less than the module APEX version: see
+     * {@link DeviceConfigUtils#isFeatureEnabled}. It is also ignored after R, as later devices
+     * should just set config_tether_upstream_automatic to true instead.
+     */
+    public static final String TETHER_FORCE_UPSTREAM_AUTOMATIC_VERSION =
+            "tether_force_upstream_automatic_version";
+
+    /**
+     * Settings key to foce choosing usb functions for usb tethering.
+     *
+     * TODO: Remove this hard code string and make Settings#TETHER_FORCE_USB_FUNCTIONS as API.
+     */
+    public static final String TETHER_FORCE_USB_FUNCTIONS =
+            "tether_force_usb_functions";
+    /**
+     * Default value that used to periodic polls tether offload stats from tethering offload HAL
+     * to make the data warnings work.
+     */
+    public static final int DEFAULT_TETHER_OFFLOAD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS = 5000;
+
+    public final String[] tetherableUsbRegexs;
+    public final String[] tetherableWifiRegexs;
+    public final String[] tetherableWigigRegexs;
+    public final String[] tetherableWifiP2pRegexs;
+    public final String[] tetherableBluetoothRegexs;
+    public final String[] tetherableNcmRegexs;
+    public final boolean isDunRequired;
+    public final boolean chooseUpstreamAutomatically;
+    public final Collection<Integer> preferredUpstreamIfaceTypes;
+    public final String[] legacyDhcpRanges;
+    public final String[] defaultIPv4DNS;
+
+    public final String[] provisioningApp;
+    public final String provisioningAppNoUi;
+    public final int provisioningCheckPeriod;
+    public final String provisioningResponse;
+
+    public final int activeDataSubId;
+
+    private final boolean mEnableLegacyDhcpServer;
+    private final int mOffloadPollInterval;
+    // TODO: Add to TetheringConfigurationParcel if required.
+    private final boolean mEnableBpfOffload;
+    private final boolean mEnableWifiP2pDedicatedIp;
+
+    private final int mUsbTetheringFunction;
+    protected final ContentResolver mContentResolver;
+
+    public TetheringConfiguration(Context ctx, SharedLog log, int id) {
+        final SharedLog configLog = log.forSubComponent("config");
+
+        activeDataSubId = id;
+        Resources res = getResources(ctx, activeDataSubId);
+        mContentResolver = ctx.getContentResolver();
+
+        mUsbTetheringFunction = getUsbTetheringFunction(res);
+
+        final String[] ncmRegexs = getResourceStringArray(res, R.array.config_tether_ncm_regexs);
+        // If usb tethering use NCM and config_tether_ncm_regexs is not empty, use
+        // config_tether_ncm_regexs for tetherableUsbRegexs.
+        if (isUsingNcm() && (ncmRegexs.length != 0)) {
+            tetherableUsbRegexs = ncmRegexs;
+            tetherableNcmRegexs = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
+        } else {
+            tetherableUsbRegexs = getResourceStringArray(res, R.array.config_tether_usb_regexs);
+            tetherableNcmRegexs = ncmRegexs;
+        }
+        // TODO: Evaluate deleting this altogether now that Wi-Fi always passes
+        // us an interface name. Careful consideration needs to be given to
+        // implications for Settings and for provisioning checks.
+        tetherableWifiRegexs = getResourceStringArray(res, R.array.config_tether_wifi_regexs);
+        // TODO: Remove entire wigig code once tethering module no longer support R devices.
+        tetherableWigigRegexs = SdkLevel.isAtLeastS()
+                ? new String[0] : getResourceStringArray(res, R.array.config_tether_wigig_regexs);
+        tetherableWifiP2pRegexs = getResourceStringArray(
+                res, R.array.config_tether_wifi_p2p_regexs);
+        tetherableBluetoothRegexs = getResourceStringArray(
+                res, R.array.config_tether_bluetooth_regexs);
+
+        isDunRequired = checkDunRequired(ctx);
+
+        final boolean forceAutomaticUpstream = !SdkLevel.isAtLeastS()
+                && isFeatureEnabled(ctx, TETHER_FORCE_UPSTREAM_AUTOMATIC_VERSION);
+        chooseUpstreamAutomatically = forceAutomaticUpstream || getResourceBoolean(
+                res, R.bool.config_tether_upstream_automatic, false /** defaultValue */);
+        preferredUpstreamIfaceTypes = getUpstreamIfaceTypes(res, isDunRequired);
+
+        legacyDhcpRanges = getLegacyDhcpRanges(res);
+        defaultIPv4DNS = copy(DEFAULT_IPV4_DNS);
+        mEnableBpfOffload = getEnableBpfOffload(res);
+        mEnableLegacyDhcpServer = getEnableLegacyDhcpServer(res);
+
+        provisioningApp = getResourceStringArray(res, R.array.config_mobile_hotspot_provision_app);
+        provisioningAppNoUi = getResourceString(res,
+                R.string.config_mobile_hotspot_provision_app_no_ui);
+        provisioningCheckPeriod = getResourceInteger(res,
+                R.integer.config_mobile_hotspot_provision_check_period,
+                0 /* No periodic re-check */);
+        provisioningResponse = getResourceString(res,
+                R.string.config_mobile_hotspot_provision_response);
+
+        mOffloadPollInterval = getResourceInteger(res,
+                R.integer.config_tether_offload_poll_interval,
+                DEFAULT_TETHER_OFFLOAD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS);
+
+        mEnableWifiP2pDedicatedIp = getResourceBoolean(res,
+                R.bool.config_tether_enable_legacy_wifi_p2p_dedicated_ip,
+                false /* defaultValue */);
+
+        configLog.log(toString());
+    }
+
+    /** Check whether using legacy dhcp server. */
+    public boolean useLegacyDhcpServer() {
+        return mEnableLegacyDhcpServer;
+    }
+
+    /** Check whether using ncm for usb tethering */
+    public boolean isUsingNcm() {
+        return mUsbTetheringFunction == TETHER_USB_NCM_FUNCTION;
+    }
+
+    /** Check whether input interface belong to usb.*/
+    public boolean isUsb(String iface) {
+        return matchesDownstreamRegexs(iface, tetherableUsbRegexs);
+    }
+
+    /** Check whether input interface belong to wifi.*/
+    public boolean isWifi(String iface) {
+        return matchesDownstreamRegexs(iface, tetherableWifiRegexs);
+    }
+
+    /** Check whether input interface belong to wigig.*/
+    public boolean isWigig(String iface) {
+        return matchesDownstreamRegexs(iface, tetherableWigigRegexs);
+    }
+
+    /** Check whether this interface is Wifi P2P interface. */
+    public boolean isWifiP2p(String iface) {
+        return matchesDownstreamRegexs(iface, tetherableWifiP2pRegexs);
+    }
+
+    /** Check whether using legacy mode for wifi P2P. */
+    public boolean isWifiP2pLegacyTetheringMode() {
+        return (tetherableWifiP2pRegexs == null || tetherableWifiP2pRegexs.length == 0);
+    }
+
+    /** Check whether input interface belong to bluetooth.*/
+    public boolean isBluetooth(String iface) {
+        return matchesDownstreamRegexs(iface, tetherableBluetoothRegexs);
+    }
+
+    /** Check if interface is ncm */
+    public boolean isNcm(String iface) {
+        return matchesDownstreamRegexs(iface, tetherableNcmRegexs);
+    }
+
+    /** Check whether no ui entitlement application is available.*/
+    public boolean hasMobileHotspotProvisionApp() {
+        return !TextUtils.isEmpty(provisioningAppNoUi);
+    }
+
+    /** Check whether dedicated wifi p2p address is enabled. */
+    public boolean shouldEnableWifiP2pDedicatedIp() {
+        return mEnableWifiP2pDedicatedIp;
+    }
+
+    /** Does the dumping.*/
+    public void dump(PrintWriter pw) {
+        pw.print("activeDataSubId: ");
+        pw.println(activeDataSubId);
+
+        dumpStringArray(pw, "tetherableUsbRegexs", tetherableUsbRegexs);
+        dumpStringArray(pw, "tetherableWifiRegexs", tetherableWifiRegexs);
+        dumpStringArray(pw, "tetherableWifiP2pRegexs", tetherableWifiP2pRegexs);
+        dumpStringArray(pw, "tetherableBluetoothRegexs", tetherableBluetoothRegexs);
+        dumpStringArray(pw, "tetherableNcmRegexs", tetherableNcmRegexs);
+
+        pw.print("isDunRequired: ");
+        pw.println(isDunRequired);
+
+        pw.print("chooseUpstreamAutomatically: ");
+        pw.println(chooseUpstreamAutomatically);
+        pw.print("legacyPreredUpstreamIfaceTypes: ");
+        pw.println(Arrays.toString(toIntArray(preferredUpstreamIfaceTypes)));
+
+        dumpStringArray(pw, "legacyDhcpRanges", legacyDhcpRanges);
+        dumpStringArray(pw, "defaultIPv4DNS", defaultIPv4DNS);
+
+        pw.print("offloadPollInterval: ");
+        pw.println(mOffloadPollInterval);
+
+        dumpStringArray(pw, "provisioningApp", provisioningApp);
+        pw.print("provisioningAppNoUi: ");
+        pw.println(provisioningAppNoUi);
+
+        pw.print("enableBpfOffload: ");
+        pw.println(mEnableBpfOffload);
+
+        pw.print("enableLegacyDhcpServer: ");
+        pw.println(mEnableLegacyDhcpServer);
+
+        pw.print("enableWifiP2pDedicatedIp: ");
+        pw.println(mEnableWifiP2pDedicatedIp);
+
+        pw.print("mUsbTetheringFunction: ");
+        pw.println(isUsingNcm() ? "NCM" : "RNDIS");
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the string representation of this object.*/
+    public String toString() {
+        final StringJoiner sj = new StringJoiner(" ");
+        sj.add(String.format("activeDataSubId:%d", activeDataSubId));
+        sj.add(String.format("tetherableUsbRegexs:%s", makeString(tetherableUsbRegexs)));
+        sj.add(String.format("tetherableWifiRegexs:%s", makeString(tetherableWifiRegexs)));
+        sj.add(String.format("tetherableWifiP2pRegexs:%s", makeString(tetherableWifiP2pRegexs)));
+        sj.add(String.format("tetherableBluetoothRegexs:%s",
+                makeString(tetherableBluetoothRegexs)));
+        sj.add(String.format("isDunRequired:%s", isDunRequired));
+        sj.add(String.format("chooseUpstreamAutomatically:%s", chooseUpstreamAutomatically));
+        sj.add(String.format("offloadPollInterval:%d", mOffloadPollInterval));
+        sj.add(String.format("preferredUpstreamIfaceTypes:%s",
+                toIntArray(preferredUpstreamIfaceTypes)));
+        sj.add(String.format("provisioningApp:%s", makeString(provisioningApp)));
+        sj.add(String.format("provisioningAppNoUi:%s", provisioningAppNoUi));
+        sj.add(String.format("enableBpfOffload:%s", mEnableBpfOffload));
+        sj.add(String.format("enableLegacyDhcpServer:%s", mEnableLegacyDhcpServer));
+        return String.format("TetheringConfiguration{%s}", sj.toString());
+    }
+
+    private static void dumpStringArray(PrintWriter pw, String label, String[] values) {
+        pw.print(label);
+        pw.print(": ");
+
+        if (values != null) {
+            final StringJoiner sj = new StringJoiner(", ", "[", "]");
+            for (String value : values) sj.add(value);
+            pw.print(sj.toString());
+        } else {
+            pw.print("null");
+        }
+
+        pw.println();
+    }
+
+    private static String makeString(String[] strings) {
+        if (strings == null) return "null";
+        final StringJoiner sj = new StringJoiner(",", "[", "]");
+        for (String s : strings) sj.add(s);
+        return sj.toString();
+    }
+
+    /** Check whether dun is required. */
+    public static boolean checkDunRequired(Context ctx) {
+        final TelephonyManager tm = (TelephonyManager) ctx.getSystemService(TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
+        // TelephonyManager would uses the active data subscription, which should be the one used
+        // by tethering.
+        return (tm != null) ? tm.isTetheringApnRequired() : false;
+    }
+
+    public int getOffloadPollInterval() {
+        return mOffloadPollInterval;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isBpfOffloadEnabled() {
+        return mEnableBpfOffload;
+    }
+
+    private int getUsbTetheringFunction(Resources res) {
+        final int valueFromRes = getResourceInteger(res, R.integer.config_tether_usb_functions,
+                TETHER_USB_RNDIS_FUNCTION /* defaultValue */);
+        return getSettingsIntValue(TETHER_FORCE_USB_FUNCTIONS, valueFromRes);
+    }
+
+    private int getSettingsIntValue(final String name, final int defaultValue) {
+        final String value = getSettingsValue(name);
+        try {
+            return value != null ? Integer.parseInt(value) : defaultValue;
+        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+            return defaultValue;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected String getSettingsValue(final String name) {
+        return Settings.Global.getString(mContentResolver, name);
+    }
+
+    private static Collection<Integer> getUpstreamIfaceTypes(Resources res, boolean dunRequired) {
+        final int[] ifaceTypes = res.getIntArray(R.array.config_tether_upstream_types);
+        final ArrayList<Integer> upstreamIfaceTypes = new ArrayList<>(ifaceTypes.length);
+        for (int i : ifaceTypes) {
+            switch (i) {
+                case TYPE_MOBILE:
+                case TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI:
+                    if (dunRequired) continue;
+                    break;
+                case TYPE_MOBILE_DUN:
+                    if (!dunRequired) continue;
+                    break;
+            }
+            upstreamIfaceTypes.add(i);
+        }
+
+        // Fix up upstream interface types for DUN or mobile. NOTE: independent
+        // of the value of |dunRequired|, cell data of one form or another is
+        // *always* an upstream, regardless of the upstream interface types
+        // specified by configuration resources.
+        if (dunRequired) {
+            appendIfNotPresent(upstreamIfaceTypes, TYPE_MOBILE_DUN);
+        } else {
+            // Do not modify if a cellular interface type is already present in the
+            // upstream interface types. Add TYPE_MOBILE and TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI if no
+            // cellular interface types are found in the upstream interface types.
+            // This preserves backwards compatibility and prevents the DUN and default
+            // mobile types incorrectly appearing together, which could happen on
+            // previous releases in the common case where checkDunRequired returned
+            // DUN_UNSPECIFIED.
+            if (!containsOneOf(upstreamIfaceTypes, TYPE_MOBILE, TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI)) {
+                upstreamIfaceTypes.add(TYPE_MOBILE);
+                upstreamIfaceTypes.add(TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Always make sure our good friend Ethernet is present.
+        // TODO: consider unilaterally forcing this at the front.
+        prependIfNotPresent(upstreamIfaceTypes, TYPE_ETHERNET);
+
+        return upstreamIfaceTypes;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean matchesDownstreamRegexs(String iface, String[] regexs) {
+        for (String regex : regexs) {
+            if (iface.matches(regex)) return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private static String[] getLegacyDhcpRanges(Resources res) {
+        final String[] fromResource = getResourceStringArray(res, R.array.config_tether_dhcp_range);
+        if ((fromResource.length > 0) && (fromResource.length % 2 == 0)) {
+            return fromResource;
+        }
+        return copy(LEGACY_DHCP_DEFAULT_RANGE);
+    }
+
+    private static String getResourceString(Resources res, final int resId) {
+        try {
+            return res.getString(resId);
+        } catch (Resources.NotFoundException e) {
+            return "";
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static boolean getResourceBoolean(Resources res, int resId, boolean defaultValue) {
+        try {
+            return res.getBoolean(resId);
+        } catch (Resources.NotFoundException e404) {
+            return defaultValue;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static String[] getResourceStringArray(Resources res, int resId) {
+        try {
+            final String[] strArray = res.getStringArray(resId);
+            return (strArray != null) ? strArray : EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
+        } catch (Resources.NotFoundException e404) {
+            return EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static int getResourceInteger(Resources res, int resId, int defaultValue) {
+        try {
+            return res.getInteger(resId);
+        } catch (Resources.NotFoundException e404) {
+            return defaultValue;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean getEnableBpfOffload(final Resources res) {
+        // Get BPF offload config
+        // Priority 1: Device config
+        // Priority 2: Resource config
+        // Priority 3: Default value
+        final boolean defaultValue = getResourceBoolean(
+                res, R.bool.config_tether_enable_bpf_offload, true /** default value */);
+
+        return getDeviceConfigBoolean(OVERRIDE_TETHER_ENABLE_BPF_OFFLOAD, defaultValue);
+    }
+
+    private boolean getEnableLegacyDhcpServer(final Resources res) {
+        return getResourceBoolean(
+                res, R.bool.config_tether_enable_legacy_dhcp_server, false /** defaultValue */)
+                || getDeviceConfigBoolean(
+                TETHER_ENABLE_LEGACY_DHCP_SERVER, false /** defaultValue */);
+    }
+
+    private boolean getDeviceConfigBoolean(final String name, final boolean defaultValue) {
+        // Due to the limitation of static mock for testing, using #getDeviceConfigProperty instead
+        // of DeviceConfig#getBoolean. If using #getBoolean here, the test can't know that the
+        // returned boolean value comes from device config or default value (because of null
+        // property string). See the test case testBpfOffload{*} in TetheringConfigurationTest.java.
+        final String value = getDeviceConfigProperty(name);
+        return value != null ? Boolean.parseBoolean(value) : defaultValue;
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected String getDeviceConfigProperty(String name) {
+        return DeviceConfig.getProperty(NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY, name);
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected boolean isFeatureEnabled(Context ctx, String featureVersionFlag) {
+        return DeviceConfigUtils.isFeatureEnabled(ctx, NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY, featureVersionFlag,
+                TETHERING_MODULE_NAME, false /* defaultEnabled */);
+    }
+
+    private Resources getResources(Context ctx, int subId) {
+        if (subId != SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID) {
+            return getResourcesForSubIdWrapper(ctx, subId);
+        } else {
+            return ctx.getResources();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected Resources getResourcesForSubIdWrapper(Context ctx, int subId) {
+        return SubscriptionManager.getResourcesForSubId(ctx, subId);
+    }
+
+    private static String[] copy(String[] strarray) {
+        return Arrays.copyOf(strarray, strarray.length);
+    }
+
+    private static void prependIfNotPresent(ArrayList<Integer> list, int value) {
+        if (list.contains(value)) return;
+        list.add(0, value);
+    }
+
+    private static void appendIfNotPresent(ArrayList<Integer> list, int value) {
+        if (list.contains(value)) return;
+        list.add(value);
+    }
+
+    private static boolean containsOneOf(ArrayList<Integer> list, Integer... values) {
+        for (Integer value : values) {
+            if (list.contains(value)) return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private static int[] toIntArray(Collection<Integer> values) {
+        final int[] result = new int[values.size()];
+        int index = 0;
+        for (Integer value : values) {
+            result[index++] = value;
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convert this TetheringConfiguration to a TetheringConfigurationParcel.
+     */
+    public TetheringConfigurationParcel toStableParcelable() {
+        final TetheringConfigurationParcel parcel = new TetheringConfigurationParcel();
+        parcel.subId = activeDataSubId;
+        parcel.tetherableUsbRegexs = tetherableUsbRegexs;
+        parcel.tetherableWifiRegexs = tetherableWifiRegexs;
+        parcel.tetherableBluetoothRegexs = tetherableBluetoothRegexs;
+        parcel.isDunRequired = isDunRequired;
+        parcel.chooseUpstreamAutomatically = chooseUpstreamAutomatically;
+
+        parcel.preferredUpstreamIfaceTypes = toIntArray(preferredUpstreamIfaceTypes);
+
+        parcel.legacyDhcpRanges = legacyDhcpRanges;
+        parcel.defaultIPv4DNS = defaultIPv4DNS;
+        parcel.enableLegacyDhcpServer = mEnableLegacyDhcpServer;
+        parcel.provisioningApp = provisioningApp;
+        parcel.provisioningAppNoUi = provisioningAppNoUi;
+        parcel.provisioningCheckPeriod = provisioningCheckPeriod;
+        return parcel;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringDependencies.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringDependencies.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9224213
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringDependencies.java
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+
+import android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager;
+import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
+import android.bluetooth.BluetoothPan;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.INetd;
+import android.net.ip.IpServer;
+import android.net.util.SharedLog;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.SystemProperties;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+
+import com.android.internal.util.StateMachine;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.BluetoothPanShimImpl;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.BluetoothPanShim;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+
+
+/**
+ * Capture tethering dependencies, for injection.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public abstract class TetheringDependencies {
+    /**
+     * Get a reference to the BpfCoordinator to be used by tethering.
+     */
+    public @NonNull BpfCoordinator getBpfCoordinator(
+            @NonNull BpfCoordinator.Dependencies deps) {
+        return new BpfCoordinator(deps);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a reference to the offload hardware interface to be used by tethering.
+     */
+    public OffloadHardwareInterface getOffloadHardwareInterface(Handler h, SharedLog log) {
+        return new OffloadHardwareInterface(h, log);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a reference to the offload controller to be used by tethering.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public OffloadController getOffloadController(@NonNull Handler h,
+            @NonNull SharedLog log, @NonNull OffloadController.Dependencies deps) {
+        final NetworkStatsManager statsManager =
+                (NetworkStatsManager) getContext().getSystemService(Context.NETWORK_STATS_SERVICE);
+        return new OffloadController(h, getOffloadHardwareInterface(h, log),
+                getContext().getContentResolver(), statsManager, log, deps);
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Get a reference to the UpstreamNetworkMonitor to be used by tethering.
+     */
+    public UpstreamNetworkMonitor getUpstreamNetworkMonitor(Context ctx, StateMachine target,
+            SharedLog log, int what) {
+        return new UpstreamNetworkMonitor(ctx, target, log, what);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a reference to the IPv6TetheringCoordinator to be used by tethering.
+     */
+    public IPv6TetheringCoordinator getIPv6TetheringCoordinator(
+            ArrayList<IpServer> notifyList, SharedLog log) {
+        return new IPv6TetheringCoordinator(notifyList, log);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get dependencies to be used by IpServer.
+     */
+    public abstract IpServer.Dependencies getIpServerDependencies();
+
+    /**
+     * Get a reference to the EntitlementManager to be used by tethering.
+     */
+    public EntitlementManager getEntitlementManager(Context ctx, Handler h, SharedLog log,
+            Runnable callback) {
+        return new EntitlementManager(ctx, h, log, callback);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generate a new TetheringConfiguration according to input sub Id.
+     */
+    public TetheringConfiguration generateTetheringConfiguration(Context ctx, SharedLog log,
+            int subId) {
+        return new TetheringConfiguration(ctx, log, subId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a reference to INetd to be used by tethering.
+     */
+    public INetd getINetd(Context context) {
+        return INetd.Stub.asInterface(
+                (IBinder) context.getSystemService(Context.NETD_SERVICE));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a reference to the TetheringNotificationUpdater to be used by tethering.
+     */
+    public TetheringNotificationUpdater getNotificationUpdater(@NonNull final Context ctx,
+            @NonNull final Looper looper) {
+        return new TetheringNotificationUpdater(ctx, looper);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get tethering thread looper.
+     */
+    public abstract Looper getTetheringLooper();
+
+    /**
+     *  Get Context of TetheringSerice.
+     */
+    public abstract Context getContext();
+
+    /**
+     * Get a reference to BluetoothAdapter to be used by tethering.
+     */
+    public abstract BluetoothAdapter getBluetoothAdapter();
+
+    /**
+     * Get SystemProperties which indicate whether tethering is denied.
+     */
+    public boolean isTetheringDenied() {
+        return TextUtils.equals(SystemProperties.get("ro.tether.denied"), "true");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a reference to PrivateAddressCoordinator to be used by Tethering.
+     */
+    public PrivateAddressCoordinator getPrivateAddressCoordinator(Context ctx,
+            TetheringConfiguration cfg) {
+        return new PrivateAddressCoordinator(ctx, cfg);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get BluetoothPanShim object to enable/disable bluetooth tethering.
+     *
+     * TODO: use BluetoothPan directly when mainline module is built with API 32.
+     */
+    public BluetoothPanShim getBluetoothPanShim(BluetoothPan pan) {
+        return BluetoothPanShimImpl.newInstance(pan);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringInterfaceUtils.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringInterfaceUtils.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3974fa5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringInterfaceUtils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.RouteInfo;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetUtils;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.InterfaceSet;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+
+/**
+ * @hide
+ */
+public final class TetheringInterfaceUtils {
+    private static final InetAddress IN6ADDR_ANY = getByAddress(
+            new byte[] {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0});
+    private static final InetAddress INADDR_ANY = getByAddress(new byte[] {0, 0, 0, 0});
+
+    /**
+     * Get upstream interfaces for tethering based on default routes for IPv4/IPv6.
+     * @return null if there is no usable interface, or a set of at least one interface otherwise.
+     */
+    public static @Nullable InterfaceSet getTetheringInterfaces(UpstreamNetworkState ns) {
+        if (ns == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        final LinkProperties lp = ns.linkProperties;
+        final String if4 = getInterfaceForDestination(lp, INADDR_ANY);
+        final String if6 = getIPv6Interface(ns);
+
+        return (if4 == null && if6 == null) ? null : new InterfaceSet(if4, if6);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the upstream interface for IPv6 tethering.
+     * @return null if there is no usable interface, or the interface name otherwise.
+     */
+    public static @Nullable String getIPv6Interface(UpstreamNetworkState ns) {
+        // Broadly speaking:
+        //
+        //     [1] does the upstream have an IPv6 default route?
+        //
+        // and
+        //
+        //     [2] does the upstream have one or more global IPv6 /64s
+        //         dedicated to this device?
+        //
+        // In lieu of Prefix Delegation and other evaluation of whether a
+        // prefix may or may not be dedicated to this device, for now just
+        // check whether the upstream is TRANSPORT_CELLULAR. This works
+        // because "[t]he 3GPP network allocates each default bearer a unique
+        // /64 prefix", per RFC 6459, Section 5.2.
+        final boolean canTether =
+                (ns != null) && (ns.network != null)
+                && (ns.linkProperties != null) && (ns.networkCapabilities != null)
+                // At least one upstream DNS server:
+                && ns.linkProperties.hasIpv6DnsServer()
+                // Minimal amount of IPv6 provisioning:
+                && ns.linkProperties.hasGlobalIpv6Address()
+                // Temporary approximation of "dedicated prefix":
+                && allowIpv6Tethering(ns.networkCapabilities);
+
+        return canTether
+                ? getInterfaceForDestination(ns.linkProperties, IN6ADDR_ANY)
+                : null;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean allowIpv6Tethering(@NonNull final NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        return nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR) || nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_TEST);
+    }
+
+    private static String getInterfaceForDestination(LinkProperties lp, InetAddress dst) {
+        final RouteInfo ri = (lp != null)
+                ? NetUtils.selectBestRoute(lp.getAllRoutes(), dst)
+                : null;
+        return (ri != null) ? ri.getInterface() : null;
+    }
+
+    private static InetAddress getByAddress(final byte[] addr) {
+        try {
+            return InetAddress.getByAddress(null, addr);
+        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
+            throw new AssertionError("illegal address length" + addr.length);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringNotificationUpdater.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringNotificationUpdater.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0198cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringNotificationUpdater.java
@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING;
+import static android.text.TextUtils.isEmpty;
+
+import android.app.Notification;
+import android.app.Notification.Action;
+import android.app.NotificationChannel;
+import android.app.NotificationManager;
+import android.app.PendingIntent;
+import android.content.ComponentName;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.content.res.Configuration;
+import android.content.res.Resources;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.Message;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
+import android.provider.Settings;
+import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager;
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
+import android.util.SparseArray;
+
+import androidx.annotation.DrawableRes;
+import androidx.annotation.IntDef;
+import androidx.annotation.IntRange;
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+
+/**
+ * A class to display tethering-related notifications.
+ *
+ * <p>This class is not thread safe, it is intended to be used only from the tethering handler
+ * thread. However the constructor is an exception, as it is called on another thread ;
+ * therefore for thread safety all members of this class MUST either be final or initialized
+ * to their default value (0, false or null).
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class TetheringNotificationUpdater {
+    private static final String TAG = TetheringNotificationUpdater.class.getSimpleName();
+    private static final String CHANNEL_ID = "TETHERING_STATUS";
+    private static final String WIFI_DOWNSTREAM = "WIFI";
+    private static final String USB_DOWNSTREAM = "USB";
+    private static final String BLUETOOTH_DOWNSTREAM = "BT";
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static final String ACTION_DISABLE_TETHERING =
+            "com.android.server.connectivity.tethering.DISABLE_TETHERING";
+    private static final boolean NOTIFY_DONE = true;
+    private static final boolean NO_NOTIFY = false;
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static final int EVENT_SHOW_NO_UPSTREAM = 1;
+    // Id to update and cancel restricted notification. Must be unique within the tethering app.
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static final int RESTRICTED_NOTIFICATION_ID = 1001;
+    // Id to update and cancel no upstream notification. Must be unique within the tethering app.
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static final int NO_UPSTREAM_NOTIFICATION_ID = 1002;
+    // Id to update and cancel roaming notification. Must be unique within the tethering app.
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static final int ROAMING_NOTIFICATION_ID = 1003;
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static final int NO_ICON_ID = 0;
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static final int DOWNSTREAM_NONE = 0;
+    // Refer to TelephonyManager#getSimCarrierId for more details about carrier id.
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static final int VERIZON_CARRIER_ID = 1839;
+    private final Context mContext;
+    private final NotificationManager mNotificationManager;
+    private final NotificationChannel mChannel;
+    private final Handler mHandler;
+
+    // WARNING : the constructor is called on a different thread. Thread safety therefore
+    // relies on these values being initialized to 0, false or null, and not any other value. If you
+    // need to change this, you will need to change the thread where the constructor is invoked, or
+    // to introduce synchronization.
+    // Downstream type is one of ConnectivityManager.TETHERING_* constants, 0 1 or 2.
+    // This value has to be made 1 2 and 4, and OR'd with the others.
+    private int mDownstreamTypesMask = DOWNSTREAM_NONE;
+    private boolean mNoUpstream = false;
+    private boolean mRoaming = false;
+
+    // WARNING : this value is not able to being initialized to 0 and must have volatile because
+    // telephony service is not guaranteed that is up before tethering service starts. If telephony
+    // is up later than tethering, TetheringNotificationUpdater will use incorrect and valid
+    // subscription id(0) to query resources. Therefore, initialized subscription id must be
+    // INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID.
+    private volatile int mActiveDataSubId = SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID;
+
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(value = {
+            RESTRICTED_NOTIFICATION_ID,
+            NO_UPSTREAM_NOTIFICATION_ID,
+            ROAMING_NOTIFICATION_ID
+    })
+    @interface NotificationId {}
+
+    private static final class MccMncOverrideInfo {
+        public final String visitedMccMnc;
+        public final int homeMcc;
+        public final int homeMnc;
+        MccMncOverrideInfo(String visitedMccMnc, int mcc, int mnc) {
+            this.visitedMccMnc = visitedMccMnc;
+            this.homeMcc = mcc;
+            this.homeMnc = mnc;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static final SparseArray<MccMncOverrideInfo> sCarrierIdToMccMnc = new SparseArray<>();
+
+    static {
+        sCarrierIdToMccMnc.put(VERIZON_CARRIER_ID, new MccMncOverrideInfo("20404", 311, 480));
+    }
+
+    public TetheringNotificationUpdater(@NonNull final Context context,
+            @NonNull final Looper looper) {
+        mContext = context;
+        mNotificationManager = (NotificationManager) context.createContextAsUser(UserHandle.ALL, 0)
+                .getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
+        mChannel = new NotificationChannel(
+                CHANNEL_ID,
+                context.getResources().getString(R.string.notification_channel_tethering_status),
+                NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_LOW);
+        mNotificationManager.createNotificationChannel(mChannel);
+        mHandler = new NotificationHandler(looper);
+    }
+
+    private class NotificationHandler extends Handler {
+        NotificationHandler(Looper looper) {
+            super(looper);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
+            switch(msg.what) {
+                case EVENT_SHOW_NO_UPSTREAM:
+                    notifyTetheringNoUpstream();
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Called when downstream has changed */
+    public void onDownstreamChanged(@IntRange(from = 0, to = 7) final int downstreamTypesMask) {
+        updateActiveNotifications(
+                mActiveDataSubId, downstreamTypesMask, mNoUpstream, mRoaming);
+    }
+
+    /** Called when active data subscription id changed */
+    public void onActiveDataSubscriptionIdChanged(final int subId) {
+        updateActiveNotifications(subId, mDownstreamTypesMask, mNoUpstream, mRoaming);
+    }
+
+    /** Called when upstream network capabilities changed */
+    public void onUpstreamCapabilitiesChanged(@Nullable final NetworkCapabilities capabilities) {
+        final boolean isNoUpstream = (capabilities == null);
+        final boolean isRoaming = capabilities != null
+                && !capabilities.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING);
+        updateActiveNotifications(
+                mActiveDataSubId, mDownstreamTypesMask, isNoUpstream, isRoaming);
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    final Handler getHandler() {
+        return mHandler;
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    Resources getResourcesForSubId(@NonNull final Context context, final int subId) {
+        final Resources res = SubscriptionManager.getResourcesForSubId(context, subId);
+        final TelephonyManager tm =
+                ((TelephonyManager) context.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE))
+                        .createForSubscriptionId(mActiveDataSubId);
+        final int carrierId = tm.getSimCarrierId();
+        final String mccmnc = tm.getSimOperator();
+        final MccMncOverrideInfo overrideInfo = sCarrierIdToMccMnc.get(carrierId);
+        if (overrideInfo != null && overrideInfo.visitedMccMnc.equals(mccmnc)) {
+            // Re-configure MCC/MNC value to specific carrier to get right resources.
+            final Configuration config = res.getConfiguration();
+            config.mcc = overrideInfo.homeMcc;
+            config.mnc = overrideInfo.homeMnc;
+            return context.createConfigurationContext(config).getResources();
+        }
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    private void updateActiveNotifications(final int subId, final int downstreamTypes,
+            final boolean noUpstream, final boolean isRoaming) {
+        final boolean tetheringActiveChanged =
+                (downstreamTypes == DOWNSTREAM_NONE) != (mDownstreamTypesMask == DOWNSTREAM_NONE);
+        final boolean subIdChanged = subId != mActiveDataSubId;
+        final boolean upstreamChanged = noUpstream != mNoUpstream;
+        final boolean roamingChanged = isRoaming != mRoaming;
+        final boolean updateAll = tetheringActiveChanged || subIdChanged;
+        mActiveDataSubId = subId;
+        mDownstreamTypesMask = downstreamTypes;
+        mNoUpstream = noUpstream;
+        mRoaming = isRoaming;
+
+        if (updateAll || upstreamChanged) updateNoUpstreamNotification();
+        if (updateAll || roamingChanged) updateRoamingNotification();
+    }
+
+    private void updateNoUpstreamNotification() {
+        final boolean tetheringInactive = mDownstreamTypesMask == DOWNSTREAM_NONE;
+
+        if (tetheringInactive || !mNoUpstream || setupNoUpstreamNotification() == NO_NOTIFY) {
+            clearNotification(NO_UPSTREAM_NOTIFICATION_ID);
+            mHandler.removeMessages(EVENT_SHOW_NO_UPSTREAM);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void updateRoamingNotification() {
+        final boolean tetheringInactive = mDownstreamTypesMask == DOWNSTREAM_NONE;
+
+        if (tetheringInactive || !mRoaming || setupRoamingNotification() == NO_NOTIFY) {
+            clearNotification(ROAMING_NOTIFICATION_ID);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    void tetheringRestrictionLifted() {
+        clearNotification(RESTRICTED_NOTIFICATION_ID);
+    }
+
+    private void clearNotification(@NotificationId final int id) {
+        mNotificationManager.cancel(null /* tag */, id);
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static String getSettingsPackageName(@NonNull final PackageManager pm) {
+        final Intent settingsIntent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_SETTINGS);
+        final ComponentName settingsComponent = settingsIntent.resolveActivity(pm);
+        return settingsComponent != null
+                ? settingsComponent.getPackageName() : "com.android.settings";
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    void notifyTetheringDisabledByRestriction() {
+        final Resources res = getResourcesForSubId(mContext, mActiveDataSubId);
+        final String title = res.getString(R.string.disable_tether_notification_title);
+        final String message = res.getString(R.string.disable_tether_notification_message);
+        if (isEmpty(title) || isEmpty(message)) return;
+
+        final PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getActivity(
+                mContext.createContextAsUser(UserHandle.CURRENT, 0 /* flags */),
+                0 /* requestCode */,
+                new Intent(Settings.ACTION_TETHER_SETTINGS)
+                        .setPackage(getSettingsPackageName(mContext.getPackageManager()))
+                        .addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK),
+                PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE,
+                null /* options */);
+
+        showNotification(R.drawable.stat_sys_tether_general, title, message,
+                RESTRICTED_NOTIFICATION_ID, false /* ongoing */, pi, new Action[0]);
+    }
+
+    private void notifyTetheringNoUpstream() {
+        final Resources res = getResourcesForSubId(mContext, mActiveDataSubId);
+        final String title = res.getString(R.string.no_upstream_notification_title);
+        final String message = res.getString(R.string.no_upstream_notification_message);
+        final String disableButton =
+                res.getString(R.string.no_upstream_notification_disable_button);
+        if (isEmpty(title) || isEmpty(message) || isEmpty(disableButton)) return;
+
+        final Intent intent = new Intent(ACTION_DISABLE_TETHERING);
+        intent.setPackage(mContext.getPackageName());
+        final PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(
+                mContext.createContextAsUser(UserHandle.CURRENT, 0 /* flags */),
+                0 /* requestCode */,
+                intent,
+                PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
+        final Action action = new Action.Builder(NO_ICON_ID, disableButton, pi).build();
+
+        showNotification(R.drawable.stat_sys_tether_general, title, message,
+                NO_UPSTREAM_NOTIFICATION_ID, true /* ongoing */, null /* pendingIntent */, action);
+    }
+
+    private boolean setupRoamingNotification() {
+        final Resources res = getResourcesForSubId(mContext, mActiveDataSubId);
+        final boolean upstreamRoamingNotification =
+                res.getBoolean(R.bool.config_upstream_roaming_notification);
+
+        if (!upstreamRoamingNotification) return NO_NOTIFY;
+
+        final String title = res.getString(R.string.upstream_roaming_notification_title);
+        final String message = res.getString(R.string.upstream_roaming_notification_message);
+        if (isEmpty(title) || isEmpty(message)) return NO_NOTIFY;
+
+        final PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getActivity(
+                mContext.createContextAsUser(UserHandle.CURRENT, 0 /* flags */),
+                0 /* requestCode */,
+                new Intent(Settings.ACTION_TETHER_SETTINGS)
+                        .setPackage(getSettingsPackageName(mContext.getPackageManager()))
+                        .addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK),
+                PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE,
+                null /* options */);
+
+        showNotification(R.drawable.stat_sys_tether_general, title, message,
+                ROAMING_NOTIFICATION_ID, true /* ongoing */, pi, new Action[0]);
+        return NOTIFY_DONE;
+    }
+
+    private boolean setupNoUpstreamNotification() {
+        final Resources res = getResourcesForSubId(mContext, mActiveDataSubId);
+        final int delayToShowUpstreamNotification =
+                res.getInteger(R.integer.delay_to_show_no_upstream_after_no_backhaul);
+
+        if (delayToShowUpstreamNotification < 0) return NO_NOTIFY;
+
+        mHandler.sendMessageDelayed(mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_SHOW_NO_UPSTREAM),
+                delayToShowUpstreamNotification);
+        return NOTIFY_DONE;
+    }
+
+    private void showNotification(@DrawableRes final int iconId, @NonNull final String title,
+            @NonNull final String message, @NotificationId final int id, final boolean ongoing,
+            @Nullable PendingIntent pi, @NonNull final Action... actions) {
+        final Notification notification =
+                new Notification.Builder(mContext, mChannel.getId())
+                        .setSmallIcon(iconId)
+                        .setContentTitle(title)
+                        .setContentText(message)
+                        .setOngoing(ongoing)
+                        .setColor(mContext.getColor(
+                                android.R.color.system_notification_accent_color))
+                        .setVisibility(Notification.VISIBILITY_PUBLIC)
+                        .setCategory(Notification.CATEGORY_STATUS)
+                        .setContentIntent(pi)
+                        .setActions(actions)
+                        .build();
+
+        mNotificationManager.notify(null /* tag */, id, notification);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringService.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringService.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9fb61fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringService.java
@@ -0,0 +1,384 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+
+import static android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
+import static android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_NO_ACCESS_TETHERING_PERMISSION;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED;
+import static android.net.dhcp.IDhcpServer.STATUS_UNKNOWN_ERROR;
+
+import android.app.Service;
+import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.net.IIntResultListener;
+import android.net.INetworkStackConnector;
+import android.net.ITetheringConnector;
+import android.net.ITetheringEventCallback;
+import android.net.NetworkStack;
+import android.net.TetheringRequestParcel;
+import android.net.dhcp.DhcpServerCallbacks;
+import android.net.dhcp.DhcpServingParamsParcel;
+import android.net.ip.IpServer;
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.HandlerThread;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.os.ResultReceiver;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.SettingsShimImpl;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.SettingsShim;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+
+/**
+ * Android service used to manage tethering.
+ *
+ * <p>The service returns a binder for the system server to communicate with the tethering.
+ */
+public class TetheringService extends Service {
+    private static final String TAG = TetheringService.class.getSimpleName();
+
+    private TetheringConnector mConnector;
+    private SettingsShim mSettingsShim;
+
+    @Override
+    public void onCreate() {
+        final TetheringDependencies deps = makeTetheringDependencies();
+        // The Tethering object needs a fully functional context to start, so this can't be done
+        // in the constructor.
+        mConnector = new TetheringConnector(makeTethering(deps), TetheringService.this);
+
+        mSettingsShim = SettingsShimImpl.newInstance();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Make a reference to Tethering object.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public Tethering makeTethering(TetheringDependencies deps) {
+        return new Tethering(deps);
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    @Override
+    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
+        return mConnector;
+    }
+
+    private static class TetheringConnector extends ITetheringConnector.Stub {
+        private final TetheringService mService;
+        private final Tethering mTethering;
+
+        TetheringConnector(Tethering tether, TetheringService service) {
+            mTethering = tether;
+            mService = service;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void tether(String iface, String callerPkg, String callingAttributionTag,
+                IIntResultListener listener) {
+            if (checkAndNotifyCommonError(callerPkg, callingAttributionTag, listener)) return;
+
+            mTethering.tether(iface, IpServer.STATE_TETHERED, listener);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void untether(String iface, String callerPkg, String callingAttributionTag,
+                IIntResultListener listener) {
+            if (checkAndNotifyCommonError(callerPkg, callingAttributionTag, listener)) return;
+
+            mTethering.untether(iface, listener);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void setUsbTethering(boolean enable, String callerPkg, String callingAttributionTag,
+                IIntResultListener listener) {
+            if (checkAndNotifyCommonError(callerPkg, callingAttributionTag, listener)) return;
+
+            mTethering.setUsbTethering(enable, listener);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void startTethering(TetheringRequestParcel request, String callerPkg,
+                String callingAttributionTag, IIntResultListener listener) {
+            if (checkAndNotifyCommonError(callerPkg,
+                    callingAttributionTag,
+                    request.exemptFromEntitlementCheck /* onlyAllowPrivileged */,
+                    listener)) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            mTethering.startTethering(request, listener);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void stopTethering(int type, String callerPkg, String callingAttributionTag,
+                IIntResultListener listener) {
+            if (checkAndNotifyCommonError(callerPkg, callingAttributionTag, listener)) return;
+
+            try {
+                mTethering.stopTethering(type);
+                listener.onResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) { }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(int type, ResultReceiver receiver,
+                boolean showEntitlementUi, String callerPkg, String callingAttributionTag) {
+            if (checkAndNotifyCommonError(callerPkg, callingAttributionTag, receiver)) return;
+
+            mTethering.requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(type, receiver, showEntitlementUi);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void registerTetheringEventCallback(ITetheringEventCallback callback,
+                String callerPkg) {
+            try {
+                if (!hasTetherAccessPermission()) {
+                    callback.onCallbackStopped(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ACCESS_TETHERING_PERMISSION);
+                    return;
+                }
+                mTethering.registerTetheringEventCallback(callback);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) { }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void unregisterTetheringEventCallback(ITetheringEventCallback callback,
+                String callerPkg) {
+            try {
+                if (!hasTetherAccessPermission()) {
+                    callback.onCallbackStopped(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ACCESS_TETHERING_PERMISSION);
+                    return;
+                }
+                mTethering.unregisterTetheringEventCallback(callback);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) { }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void stopAllTethering(String callerPkg, String callingAttributionTag,
+                IIntResultListener listener) {
+            if (checkAndNotifyCommonError(callerPkg, callingAttributionTag, listener)) return;
+
+            try {
+                mTethering.untetherAll();
+                listener.onResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) { }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void isTetheringSupported(String callerPkg, String callingAttributionTag,
+                IIntResultListener listener) {
+            if (checkAndNotifyCommonError(callerPkg, callingAttributionTag, listener)) return;
+
+            try {
+                listener.onResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) { }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void setPreferTestNetworks(boolean prefer, IIntResultListener listener) {
+            if (!checkCallingOrSelfPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS)) {
+                try {
+                    listener.onResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION);
+                } catch (RemoteException e) { }
+                return;
+            }
+
+            mTethering.setPreferTestNetworks(prefer, listener);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected void dump(@NonNull FileDescriptor fd, @NonNull PrintWriter writer,
+                    @Nullable String[] args) {
+            mTethering.dump(fd, writer, args);
+        }
+
+        private boolean checkAndNotifyCommonError(final String callerPkg,
+                final String callingAttributionTag, final IIntResultListener listener) {
+            return checkAndNotifyCommonError(callerPkg, callingAttributionTag,
+                    false /* onlyAllowPrivileged */, listener);
+        }
+
+        private boolean checkAndNotifyCommonError(final String callerPkg,
+                final String callingAttributionTag, final boolean onlyAllowPrivileged,
+                final IIntResultListener listener) {
+            try {
+                if (!hasTetherChangePermission(callerPkg, callingAttributionTag,
+                        onlyAllowPrivileged)) {
+                    listener.onResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION);
+                    return true;
+                }
+                if (!mTethering.isTetheringSupported()) {
+                    listener.onResult(TETHER_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED);
+                    return true;
+                }
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        private boolean checkAndNotifyCommonError(final String callerPkg,
+                final String callingAttributionTag, final ResultReceiver receiver) {
+            if (!hasTetherChangePermission(callerPkg, callingAttributionTag,
+                    false /* onlyAllowPrivileged */)) {
+                receiver.send(TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION, null);
+                return true;
+            }
+            if (!mTethering.isTetheringSupported()) {
+                receiver.send(TETHER_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED, null);
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        private boolean hasNetworkStackPermission() {
+            return checkCallingOrSelfPermission(NETWORK_STACK)
+                    || checkCallingOrSelfPermission(PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK);
+        }
+
+        private boolean hasTetherPrivilegedPermission() {
+            return checkCallingOrSelfPermission(TETHER_PRIVILEGED);
+        }
+
+        private boolean checkCallingOrSelfPermission(final String permission) {
+            return mService.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(permission) == PERMISSION_GRANTED;
+        }
+
+        private boolean hasTetherChangePermission(final String callerPkg,
+                final String callingAttributionTag, final boolean onlyAllowPrivileged) {
+            if (onlyAllowPrivileged && !hasNetworkStackPermission()) return false;
+
+            if (hasTetherPrivilegedPermission()) return true;
+
+            if (mTethering.isTetherProvisioningRequired()) return false;
+
+            int uid = Binder.getCallingUid();
+
+            // If callerPkg's uid is not same as Binder.getCallingUid(),
+            // checkAndNoteWriteSettingsOperation will return false and the operation will be
+            // denied.
+            return mService.checkAndNoteWriteSettingsOperation(mService, uid, callerPkg,
+                    callingAttributionTag, false /* throwException */);
+        }
+
+        private boolean hasTetherAccessPermission() {
+            if (hasTetherPrivilegedPermission()) return true;
+
+            return mService.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(
+                    ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) == PERMISSION_GRANTED;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if the package is a allowed to write settings. This also accounts that such an access
+     * happened.
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} iff the package is allowed to write settings.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    boolean checkAndNoteWriteSettingsOperation(@NonNull Context context, int uid,
+            @NonNull String callingPackage, @Nullable String callingAttributionTag,
+            boolean throwException) {
+        return mSettingsShim.checkAndNoteWriteSettingsOperation(context, uid, callingPackage,
+                callingAttributionTag, throwException);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * An injection method for testing.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public TetheringDependencies makeTetheringDependencies() {
+        return new TetheringDependencies() {
+            @Override
+            public Looper getTetheringLooper() {
+                final HandlerThread tetherThread = new HandlerThread("android.tethering");
+                tetherThread.start();
+                return tetherThread.getLooper();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public Context getContext() {
+                return TetheringService.this;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public IpServer.Dependencies getIpServerDependencies() {
+                return new IpServer.Dependencies() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void makeDhcpServer(String ifName, DhcpServingParamsParcel params,
+                            DhcpServerCallbacks cb) {
+                        try {
+                            final INetworkStackConnector service = getNetworkStackConnector();
+                            if (service == null) return;
+
+                            service.makeDhcpServer(ifName, params, cb);
+                        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                            Log.e(TAG, "Fail to make dhcp server");
+                            try {
+                                cb.onDhcpServerCreated(STATUS_UNKNOWN_ERROR, null);
+                            } catch (RemoteException re) { }
+                        }
+                    }
+                };
+            }
+
+            // TODO: replace this by NetworkStackClient#getRemoteConnector after refactoring
+            // networkStackClient.
+            static final int NETWORKSTACK_TIMEOUT_MS = 60_000;
+            private INetworkStackConnector getNetworkStackConnector() {
+                IBinder connector;
+                try {
+                    final long before = System.currentTimeMillis();
+                    while ((connector = NetworkStack.getService()) == null) {
+                        if (System.currentTimeMillis() - before > NETWORKSTACK_TIMEOUT_MS) {
+                            Log.wtf(TAG, "Timeout, fail to get INetworkStackConnector");
+                            return null;
+                        }
+                        Thread.sleep(200);
+                    }
+                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                    Log.wtf(TAG, "Interrupted, fail to get INetworkStackConnector");
+                    return null;
+                }
+                return INetworkStackConnector.Stub.asInterface(connector);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public BluetoothAdapter getBluetoothAdapter() {
+                return BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
+            }
+        };
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitor.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitor.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f8dd673
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitor.java
@@ -0,0 +1,709 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_BLUETOOTH;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_ETHERNET;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_DUN;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_DUN;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback;
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.net.util.SharedLog;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.SparseIntArray;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.internal.util.StateMachine;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.ConnectivityManagerShimImpl;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.ConnectivityManagerShim;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.PrefixUtils;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+
+/**
+ * A class to centralize all the network and link properties information
+ * pertaining to the current and any potential upstream network.
+ *
+ * The owner of UNM gets it to register network callbacks by calling the
+ * following methods :
+ * Calling #startTrackDefaultNetwork() to track the system default network.
+ * Calling #startObserveAllNetworks() to observe all networks. Listening all
+ * networks is necessary while the expression of preferred upstreams remains
+ * a list of legacy connectivity types.  In future, this can be revisited.
+ * Calling #setTryCell() to request bringing up mobile DUN or HIPRI.
+ *
+ * The methods and data members of this class are only to be accessed and
+ * modified from the tethering main state machine thread. Any other
+ * access semantics would necessitate the addition of locking.
+ *
+ * TODO: Move upstream selection logic here.
+ *
+ * All callback methods are run on the same thread as the specified target
+ * state machine.  This class does not require locking when accessed from this
+ * thread.  Access from other threads is not advised.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class UpstreamNetworkMonitor {
+    private static final String TAG = UpstreamNetworkMonitor.class.getSimpleName();
+    private static final boolean DBG = false;
+    private static final boolean VDBG = false;
+
+    public static final int EVENT_ON_CAPABILITIES   = 1;
+    public static final int EVENT_ON_LINKPROPERTIES = 2;
+    public static final int EVENT_ON_LOST           = 3;
+    public static final int EVENT_DEFAULT_SWITCHED  = 4;
+    public static final int NOTIFY_LOCAL_PREFIXES   = 10;
+    // This value is used by deprecated preferredUpstreamIfaceTypes selection which is default
+    // disabled.
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static final int TYPE_NONE = -1;
+
+    private static final int CALLBACK_LISTEN_ALL = 1;
+    private static final int CALLBACK_DEFAULT_INTERNET = 2;
+    private static final int CALLBACK_MOBILE_REQUEST = 3;
+
+    private static final SparseIntArray sLegacyTypeToTransport = new SparseIntArray();
+    static {
+        sLegacyTypeToTransport.put(TYPE_MOBILE,       NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        sLegacyTypeToTransport.put(TYPE_MOBILE_DUN,   NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        sLegacyTypeToTransport.put(TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI, NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        sLegacyTypeToTransport.put(TYPE_WIFI,         NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        sLegacyTypeToTransport.put(TYPE_BLUETOOTH,    NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH);
+        sLegacyTypeToTransport.put(TYPE_ETHERNET,     NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET);
+    }
+
+    private final Context mContext;
+    private final SharedLog mLog;
+    private final StateMachine mTarget;
+    private final Handler mHandler;
+    private final int mWhat;
+    private final HashMap<Network, UpstreamNetworkState> mNetworkMap = new HashMap<>();
+    private HashSet<IpPrefix> mLocalPrefixes;
+    private ConnectivityManager mCM;
+    private EntitlementManager mEntitlementMgr;
+    private NetworkCallback mListenAllCallback;
+    private NetworkCallback mDefaultNetworkCallback;
+    private NetworkCallback mMobileNetworkCallback;
+
+    /** Whether Tethering has requested a cellular upstream. */
+    private boolean mTryCell;
+    /** Whether the carrier requires DUN. */
+    private boolean mDunRequired;
+    /** Whether automatic upstream selection is enabled. */
+    private boolean mAutoUpstream;
+
+    // Whether the current default upstream is mobile or not.
+    private boolean mIsDefaultCellularUpstream;
+    // The current system default network (not really used yet).
+    private Network mDefaultInternetNetwork;
+    // The current upstream network used for tethering.
+    private Network mTetheringUpstreamNetwork;
+    private boolean mPreferTestNetworks;
+
+    public UpstreamNetworkMonitor(Context ctx, StateMachine tgt, SharedLog log, int what) {
+        mContext = ctx;
+        mTarget = tgt;
+        mHandler = mTarget.getHandler();
+        mLog = log.forSubComponent(TAG);
+        mWhat = what;
+        mLocalPrefixes = new HashSet<>();
+        mIsDefaultCellularUpstream = false;
+        mCM = (ConnectivityManager) ctx.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tracking the system default network. This method should be only called once when system is
+     * ready, and the callback is never unregistered.
+     *
+     * @param entitle a EntitlementManager object to communicate between EntitlementManager and
+     * UpstreamNetworkMonitor
+     */
+    public void startTrackDefaultNetwork(EntitlementManager entitle) {
+        if (mDefaultNetworkCallback != null) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "default network callback is already registered");
+            return;
+        }
+        ConnectivityManagerShim mCmShim = ConnectivityManagerShimImpl.newInstance(mContext);
+        mDefaultNetworkCallback = new UpstreamNetworkCallback(CALLBACK_DEFAULT_INTERNET);
+        mCmShim.registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(mDefaultNetworkCallback, mHandler);
+        if (mEntitlementMgr == null) {
+            mEntitlementMgr = entitle;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Listen all networks. */
+    public void startObserveAllNetworks() {
+        stop();
+
+        final NetworkRequest listenAllRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .clearCapabilities().build();
+        mListenAllCallback = new UpstreamNetworkCallback(CALLBACK_LISTEN_ALL);
+        cm().registerNetworkCallback(listenAllRequest, mListenAllCallback, mHandler);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stop tracking candidate tethering upstreams and release mobile network request.
+     * Note: this function is used when tethering is stopped because tethering do not need to
+     * choose upstream anymore. But it would not stop default network tracking because
+     * EntitlementManager may need to know default network to decide whether to request entitlement
+     * check even tethering is not active yet.
+     */
+    public void stop() {
+        setTryCell(false);
+
+        releaseCallback(mListenAllCallback);
+        mListenAllCallback = null;
+
+        mTetheringUpstreamNetwork = null;
+        mNetworkMap.clear();
+    }
+
+    private void reevaluateUpstreamRequirements(boolean tryCell, boolean autoUpstream,
+            boolean dunRequired) {
+        final boolean mobileRequestRequired = tryCell && (dunRequired || !autoUpstream);
+        final boolean dunRequiredChanged = (mDunRequired != dunRequired);
+
+        mTryCell = tryCell;
+        mDunRequired = dunRequired;
+        mAutoUpstream = autoUpstream;
+
+        if (mobileRequestRequired && !mobileNetworkRequested()) {
+            registerMobileNetworkRequest();
+        } else if (mobileNetworkRequested() && !mobileRequestRequired) {
+            releaseMobileNetworkRequest();
+        } else if (mobileNetworkRequested() && dunRequiredChanged) {
+            releaseMobileNetworkRequest();
+            if (mobileRequestRequired) {
+                registerMobileNetworkRequest();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Informs UpstreamNetworkMonitor that a cellular upstream is desired.
+     *
+     * This may result in filing a NetworkRequest for DUN if it is required, or for MOBILE_HIPRI if
+     * automatic upstream selection is disabled and MOBILE_HIPRI is the preferred upstream.
+     */
+    public void setTryCell(boolean tryCell) {
+        reevaluateUpstreamRequirements(tryCell, mAutoUpstream, mDunRequired);
+    }
+
+    /** Informs UpstreamNetworkMonitor of upstream configuration parameters. */
+    public void setUpstreamConfig(boolean autoUpstream, boolean dunRequired) {
+        reevaluateUpstreamRequirements(mTryCell, autoUpstream, dunRequired);
+    }
+
+    /** Whether mobile network is requested. */
+    public boolean mobileNetworkRequested() {
+        return (mMobileNetworkCallback != null);
+    }
+
+    /** Request mobile network if mobile upstream is permitted. */
+    private void registerMobileNetworkRequest() {
+        if (!isCellularUpstreamPermitted()) {
+            mLog.i("registerMobileNetworkRequest() is not permitted");
+            releaseMobileNetworkRequest();
+            return;
+        }
+        if (mMobileNetworkCallback != null) {
+            mLog.e("registerMobileNetworkRequest() already registered");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final NetworkRequest mobileUpstreamRequest;
+        if (mDunRequired) {
+            mobileUpstreamRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                    .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_DUN)
+                    .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+                    .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR).build();
+        } else {
+            mobileUpstreamRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                    .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                    .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR).build();
+        }
+
+        // The existing default network and DUN callbacks will be notified.
+        // Therefore, to avoid duplicate notifications, we only register a no-op.
+        mMobileNetworkCallback = new UpstreamNetworkCallback(CALLBACK_MOBILE_REQUEST);
+
+        // The following use of the legacy type system cannot be removed until
+        // upstream selection no longer finds networks by legacy type.
+        // See also http://b/34364553 .
+        final int legacyType = mDunRequired ? TYPE_MOBILE_DUN : TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI;
+
+        // TODO: Change the timeout from 0 (no onUnavailable callback) to some
+        // moderate callback timeout. This might be useful for updating some UI.
+        // Additionally, we log a message to aid in any subsequent debugging.
+        mLog.i("requesting mobile upstream network: " + mobileUpstreamRequest
+                + " mTryCell=" + mTryCell + " mAutoUpstream=" + mAutoUpstream
+                + " mDunRequired=" + mDunRequired);
+
+        cm().requestNetwork(mobileUpstreamRequest, 0, legacyType, mHandler,
+                mMobileNetworkCallback);
+    }
+
+    /** Release mobile network request. */
+    private void releaseMobileNetworkRequest() {
+        if (mMobileNetworkCallback == null) return;
+
+        cm().unregisterNetworkCallback(mMobileNetworkCallback);
+        mMobileNetworkCallback = null;
+    }
+
+    // So many TODOs here, but chief among them is: make this functionality an
+    // integral part of this class such that whenever a higher priority network
+    // becomes available and useful we (a) file a request to keep it up as
+    // necessary and (b) change all upstream tracking state accordingly (by
+    // passing LinkProperties up to Tethering).
+    /**
+     * Select the first available network from |perferredTypes|.
+     */
+    public UpstreamNetworkState selectPreferredUpstreamType(Iterable<Integer> preferredTypes) {
+        final TypeStatePair typeStatePair = findFirstAvailableUpstreamByType(
+                mNetworkMap.values(), preferredTypes, isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
+
+        mLog.log("preferred upstream type: " + typeStatePair.type);
+
+        switch (typeStatePair.type) {
+            case TYPE_MOBILE_DUN:
+            case TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI:
+                // Tethering just selected mobile upstream in spite of the default network being
+                // not mobile. This can happen because of the priority list.
+                // Notify EntitlementManager to check permission for using mobile upstream.
+                if (!mIsDefaultCellularUpstream) {
+                    mEntitlementMgr.maybeRunProvisioning();
+                }
+                break;
+        }
+
+        return typeStatePair.ns;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get current preferred upstream network. If default network is cellular and DUN is required,
+     * preferred upstream would be DUN otherwise preferred upstream is the same as default network.
+     * Returns null if no current upstream is available.
+     */
+    public UpstreamNetworkState getCurrentPreferredUpstream() {
+        final UpstreamNetworkState dfltState = (mDefaultInternetNetwork != null)
+                ? mNetworkMap.get(mDefaultInternetNetwork)
+                : null;
+        if (mPreferTestNetworks) {
+            final UpstreamNetworkState testState = findFirstTestNetwork(mNetworkMap.values());
+            if (testState != null) return testState;
+        }
+
+        if (isNetworkUsableAndNotCellular(dfltState)) return dfltState;
+
+        if (!isCellularUpstreamPermitted()) return null;
+
+        if (!mDunRequired) return dfltState;
+
+        // Find a DUN network. Note that code in Tethering causes a DUN request
+        // to be filed, but this might be moved into this class in future.
+        return findFirstDunNetwork(mNetworkMap.values());
+    }
+
+    /** Tell UpstreamNetworkMonitor which network is the current upstream of tethering. */
+    public void setCurrentUpstream(Network upstream) {
+        mTetheringUpstreamNetwork = upstream;
+    }
+
+    /** Return local prefixes. */
+    public Set<IpPrefix> getLocalPrefixes() {
+        return (Set<IpPrefix>) mLocalPrefixes.clone();
+    }
+
+    private boolean isCellularUpstreamPermitted() {
+        if (mEntitlementMgr != null) {
+            return mEntitlementMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted();
+        } else {
+            // This flow should only happens in testing.
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void handleAvailable(Network network) {
+        if (mNetworkMap.containsKey(network)) return;
+
+        if (VDBG) Log.d(TAG, "onAvailable for " + network);
+        mNetworkMap.put(network, new UpstreamNetworkState(null, null, network));
+    }
+
+    private void handleNetCap(Network network, NetworkCapabilities newNc) {
+        final UpstreamNetworkState prev = mNetworkMap.get(network);
+        if (prev == null || newNc.equals(prev.networkCapabilities)) {
+            // Ignore notifications about networks for which we have not yet
+            // received onAvailable() (should never happen) and any duplicate
+            // notifications (e.g. matching more than one of our callbacks).
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (VDBG) {
+            Log.d(TAG, String.format("EVENT_ON_CAPABILITIES for %s: %s",
+                    network, newNc));
+        }
+
+        mNetworkMap.put(network, new UpstreamNetworkState(
+                prev.linkProperties, newNc, network));
+        // TODO: If sufficient information is available to select a more
+        // preferable upstream, do so now and notify the target.
+        notifyTarget(EVENT_ON_CAPABILITIES, network);
+    }
+
+    private @Nullable UpstreamNetworkState updateLinkProperties(@NonNull Network network,
+            LinkProperties newLp) {
+        final UpstreamNetworkState prev = mNetworkMap.get(network);
+        if (prev == null || newLp.equals(prev.linkProperties)) {
+            // Ignore notifications about networks for which we have not yet
+            // received onAvailable() (should never happen) and any duplicate
+            // notifications (e.g. matching more than one of our callbacks).
+            //
+            // Also, it can happen that onLinkPropertiesChanged is called after
+            // onLost removed the state from mNetworkMap. This is due to a bug
+            // in disconnectAndDestroyNetwork, which calls nai.clatd.update()
+            // after the onLost callbacks. This was fixed in S.
+            // TODO: make this method void when R is no longer supported.
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        if (VDBG) {
+            Log.d(TAG, String.format("EVENT_ON_LINKPROPERTIES for %s: %s",
+                    network, newLp));
+        }
+
+        final UpstreamNetworkState ns = new UpstreamNetworkState(newLp, prev.networkCapabilities,
+                network);
+        mNetworkMap.put(network, ns);
+        return ns;
+    }
+
+    private void handleLinkProp(Network network, LinkProperties newLp) {
+        final UpstreamNetworkState ns = updateLinkProperties(network, newLp);
+        if (ns != null) {
+            notifyTarget(EVENT_ON_LINKPROPERTIES, ns);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void handleLost(Network network) {
+        // There are few TODOs within ConnectivityService's rematching code
+        // pertaining to spurious onLost() notifications.
+        //
+        // TODO: simplify this, probably if favor of code that:
+        //     - selects a new upstream if mTetheringUpstreamNetwork has
+        //       been lost (by any callback)
+        //     - deletes the entry from the map only when the LISTEN_ALL
+        //       callback gets notified.
+
+        if (!mNetworkMap.containsKey(network)) {
+            // Ignore loss of networks about which we had not previously
+            // learned any information or for which we have already processed
+            // an onLost() notification.
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (VDBG) Log.d(TAG, "EVENT_ON_LOST for " + network);
+
+        // TODO: If sufficient information is available to select a more
+        // preferable upstream, do so now and notify the target.  Likewise,
+        // if the current upstream network is gone, notify the target of the
+        // fact that we now have no upstream at all.
+        notifyTarget(EVENT_ON_LOST, mNetworkMap.remove(network));
+    }
+
+    private void maybeHandleNetworkSwitch(@NonNull Network network) {
+        if (Objects.equals(mDefaultInternetNetwork, network)) return;
+
+        final UpstreamNetworkState ns = mNetworkMap.get(network);
+        if (ns == null) {
+            // Can never happen unless there is a bug in ConnectivityService. Entries are only
+            // removed from mNetworkMap when receiving onLost, and onLost for a given network can
+            // never be followed by any other callback on that network.
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "maybeHandleNetworkSwitch: no UpstreamNetworkState for " + network);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Default network changed. Update local data and notify tethering.
+        Log.d(TAG, "New default Internet network: " + network);
+        mDefaultInternetNetwork = network;
+        notifyTarget(EVENT_DEFAULT_SWITCHED, ns);
+    }
+
+    private void recomputeLocalPrefixes() {
+        final HashSet<IpPrefix> localPrefixes = allLocalPrefixes(mNetworkMap.values());
+        if (!mLocalPrefixes.equals(localPrefixes)) {
+            mLocalPrefixes = localPrefixes;
+            notifyTarget(NOTIFY_LOCAL_PREFIXES, localPrefixes.clone());
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Fetch (and cache) a ConnectivityManager only if and when we need one.
+    private ConnectivityManager cm() {
+        if (mCM == null) {
+            // MUST call the String variant to be able to write unittests.
+            mCM = (ConnectivityManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
+        }
+        return mCM;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A NetworkCallback class that handles information of interest directly
+     * in the thread on which it is invoked. To avoid locking, this MUST be
+     * run on the same thread as the target state machine's handler.
+     */
+    private class UpstreamNetworkCallback extends NetworkCallback {
+        private final int mCallbackType;
+
+        UpstreamNetworkCallback(int callbackType) {
+            mCallbackType = callbackType;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onAvailable(Network network) {
+            handleAvailable(network);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onCapabilitiesChanged(Network network, NetworkCapabilities newNc) {
+            if (mCallbackType == CALLBACK_DEFAULT_INTERNET) {
+                // mDefaultInternetNetwork is not updated here because upstream selection must only
+                // run when the LinkProperties have been updated as well as the capabilities. If
+                // this callback is due to a default network switch, then the system will invoke
+                // onLinkPropertiesChanged right after this method and mDefaultInternetNetwork will
+                // be updated then.
+                //
+                // Technically, not updating here isn't necessary, because the notifications to
+                // Tethering sent by notifyTarget are messages sent to a state machine running on
+                // the same thread as this method, and so cannot arrive until after this method has
+                // returned. However, it is not a good idea to rely on that because fact that
+                // Tethering uses multiple state machines running on the same thread is a major
+                // source of race conditions and something that should be fixed.
+                //
+                // TODO: is it correct that this code always updates EntitlementManager?
+                // This code runs when the default network connects or changes capabilities, but the
+                // default network might not be the tethering upstream.
+                final boolean newIsCellular = isCellular(newNc);
+                if (mIsDefaultCellularUpstream != newIsCellular) {
+                    mIsDefaultCellularUpstream = newIsCellular;
+                    mEntitlementMgr.notifyUpstream(newIsCellular);
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+
+            handleNetCap(network, newNc);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onLinkPropertiesChanged(Network network, LinkProperties newLp) {
+            handleLinkProp(network, newLp);
+
+            if (mCallbackType == CALLBACK_DEFAULT_INTERNET) {
+                // When the default network callback calls onLinkPropertiesChanged, it means that
+                // all the network information for the default network is known (because
+                // onLinkPropertiesChanged is called after onAvailable and onCapabilitiesChanged).
+                // Inform tethering that the default network might have changed.
+                maybeHandleNetworkSwitch(network);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // Any non-LISTEN_ALL callback will necessarily concern a network that will
+            // also match the LISTEN_ALL callback by construction of the LISTEN_ALL callback.
+            // So it's not useful to do this work for non-LISTEN_ALL callbacks.
+            if (mCallbackType == CALLBACK_LISTEN_ALL) {
+                recomputeLocalPrefixes();
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onLost(Network network) {
+            if (mCallbackType == CALLBACK_DEFAULT_INTERNET) {
+                mDefaultInternetNetwork = null;
+                mIsDefaultCellularUpstream = false;
+                mEntitlementMgr.notifyUpstream(false);
+                Log.d(TAG, "Lost default Internet network: " + network);
+                notifyTarget(EVENT_DEFAULT_SWITCHED, null);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            handleLost(network);
+            // Any non-LISTEN_ALL callback will necessarily concern a network that will
+            // also match the LISTEN_ALL callback by construction of the LISTEN_ALL callback.
+            // So it's not useful to do this work for non-LISTEN_ALL callbacks.
+            if (mCallbackType == CALLBACK_LISTEN_ALL) {
+                recomputeLocalPrefixes();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void releaseCallback(NetworkCallback cb) {
+        if (cb != null) cm().unregisterNetworkCallback(cb);
+    }
+
+    private void notifyTarget(int which, Network network) {
+        notifyTarget(which, mNetworkMap.get(network));
+    }
+
+    private void notifyTarget(int which, Object obj) {
+        mTarget.sendMessage(mWhat, which, 0, obj);
+    }
+
+    private static class TypeStatePair {
+        public int type = TYPE_NONE;
+        public UpstreamNetworkState ns = null;
+    }
+
+    private static TypeStatePair findFirstAvailableUpstreamByType(
+            Iterable<UpstreamNetworkState> netStates, Iterable<Integer> preferredTypes,
+            boolean isCellularUpstreamPermitted) {
+        final TypeStatePair result = new TypeStatePair();
+
+        for (int type : preferredTypes) {
+            NetworkCapabilities nc;
+            try {
+                nc = networkCapabilitiesForType(type);
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "No NetworkCapabilities mapping for legacy type: " + type);
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (!isCellularUpstreamPermitted && isCellular(nc)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            for (UpstreamNetworkState value : netStates) {
+                if (!nc.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(value.networkCapabilities)) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                result.type = type;
+                result.ns = value;
+                return result;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    private static HashSet<IpPrefix> allLocalPrefixes(Iterable<UpstreamNetworkState> netStates) {
+        final HashSet<IpPrefix> prefixSet = new HashSet<>();
+
+        for (UpstreamNetworkState ns : netStates) {
+            final LinkProperties lp = ns.linkProperties;
+            if (lp == null) continue;
+            prefixSet.addAll(PrefixUtils.localPrefixesFrom(lp));
+        }
+
+        return prefixSet;
+    }
+
+    /** Check whether upstream is cellular. */
+    static boolean isCellular(UpstreamNetworkState ns) {
+        return (ns != null) && isCellular(ns.networkCapabilities);
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isCellular(NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        return (nc != null) && nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+               && nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN);
+    }
+
+    private static boolean hasCapability(UpstreamNetworkState ns, int netCap) {
+        return (ns != null) && (ns.networkCapabilities != null)
+               && ns.networkCapabilities.hasCapability(netCap);
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isNetworkUsableAndNotCellular(UpstreamNetworkState ns) {
+        return (ns != null) && (ns.networkCapabilities != null) && (ns.linkProperties != null)
+               && !isCellular(ns.networkCapabilities);
+    }
+
+    private static UpstreamNetworkState findFirstDunNetwork(
+            Iterable<UpstreamNetworkState> netStates) {
+        for (UpstreamNetworkState ns : netStates) {
+            if (isCellular(ns) && hasCapability(ns, NET_CAPABILITY_DUN)) return ns;
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    static boolean isTestNetwork(UpstreamNetworkState ns) {
+        return ((ns != null) && (ns.networkCapabilities != null)
+                && ns.networkCapabilities.hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST));
+    }
+
+    private UpstreamNetworkState findFirstTestNetwork(
+            Iterable<UpstreamNetworkState> netStates) {
+        for (UpstreamNetworkState ns : netStates) {
+            if (isTestNetwork(ns)) return ns;
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Given a legacy type (TYPE_WIFI, ...) returns the corresponding NetworkCapabilities instance.
+     * This function is used for deprecated legacy type and be disabled by default.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilitiesForType(int type) {
+        final NetworkCapabilities.Builder builder = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder();
+
+        // Map from type to transports.
+        final int notFound = -1;
+        final int transport = sLegacyTypeToTransport.get(type, notFound);
+        if (transport == notFound) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("unknown legacy type: " + type);
+        }
+        builder.addTransportType(transport);
+
+        if (type == TYPE_MOBILE_DUN) {
+            builder.addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_DUN);
+            // DUN is restricted network, see NetworkCapabilities#FORCE_RESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES.
+            builder.removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED);
+        } else {
+            builder.addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
+        }
+        return builder.build();
+    }
+
+    /** Set test network as preferred upstream. */
+    public void setPreferTestNetworks(boolean prefer) {
+        mPreferTestNetworks = prefer;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkState.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkState.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..986c3f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkState.java
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+
+import static android.net.INetd.IPSEC_INTERFACE_PREFIX;
+
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+
+/**
+ * Snapshot of tethering upstream network state.
+ */
+public class UpstreamNetworkState {
+    /** {@link LinkProperties}. */
+    public final LinkProperties linkProperties;
+    /** {@link NetworkCapabilities}. */
+    public final NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities;
+    /** {@link Network}. */
+    public final Network network;
+
+    /** Constructs a new UpstreamNetworkState. */
+    public UpstreamNetworkState(LinkProperties linkProperties,
+            NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities, Network network) {
+        this.linkProperties = linkProperties;
+        this.networkCapabilities = networkCapabilities;
+        this.network = network;
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return String.format("UpstreamNetworkState{%s, %s, %s}",
+                network == null ? "null" : network,
+                networkCapabilities == null ? "null" : networkCapabilities,
+                linkProperties == null ? "null" : linkProperties);
+    }
+
+    /** Check whether the interface is VCN. */
+    public static boolean isVcnInterface(@NonNull String iface) {
+        return iface.startsWith(IPSEC_INTERFACE_PREFIX);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/InterfaceSet.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/InterfaceSet.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..44573f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/InterfaceSet.java
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering.util;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.StringJoiner;
+
+
+/**
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class InterfaceSet {
+    public final Set<String> ifnames;
+
+    public InterfaceSet(String... names) {
+        final Set<String> nameSet = new HashSet<>();
+        for (String name : names) {
+            if (name != null) nameSet.add(name);
+        }
+        ifnames = Collections.unmodifiableSet(nameSet);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        final StringJoiner sj = new StringJoiner(",", "[", "]");
+        for (String ifname : ifnames) sj.add(ifname);
+        return sj.toString();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+        return obj != null
+                && obj instanceof InterfaceSet
+                && ifnames.equals(((InterfaceSet) obj).ifnames);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/PrefixUtils.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/PrefixUtils.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..50e5c4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/PrefixUtils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering.util;
+
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.util.NetworkConstants;
+
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+
+/**
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class PrefixUtils {
+    private static final IpPrefix[] MIN_NON_FORWARDABLE_PREFIXES = {
+            pfx("127.0.0.0/8"),     // IPv4 loopback
+            pfx("169.254.0.0/16"),  // IPv4 link-local, RFC3927#section-8
+            pfx("::/3"),
+            pfx("fe80::/64"),       // IPv6 link-local
+            pfx("fc00::/7"),        // IPv6 ULA
+            pfx("ff02::/8"),        // IPv6 link-local multicast
+    };
+
+    public static final IpPrefix DEFAULT_WIFI_P2P_PREFIX = pfx("192.168.49.0/24");
+
+    /** Get non forwardable prefixes. */
+    public static Set<IpPrefix> getNonForwardablePrefixes() {
+        final HashSet<IpPrefix> prefixes = new HashSet<>();
+        addNonForwardablePrefixes(prefixes);
+        return prefixes;
+    }
+
+    /** Add non forwardable prefixes. */
+    public static void addNonForwardablePrefixes(Set<IpPrefix> prefixes) {
+        Collections.addAll(prefixes, MIN_NON_FORWARDABLE_PREFIXES);
+    }
+
+    /** Get local prefixes from |lp|. */
+    public static Set<IpPrefix> localPrefixesFrom(LinkProperties lp) {
+        final HashSet<IpPrefix> localPrefixes = new HashSet<>();
+        if (lp == null) return localPrefixes;
+
+        for (LinkAddress addr : lp.getAllLinkAddresses()) {
+            if (addr.getAddress().isLinkLocalAddress()) continue;
+            localPrefixes.add(asIpPrefix(addr));
+        }
+        // TODO: Add directly-connected routes as well (ones from which we did
+        // not also form a LinkAddress)?
+
+        return localPrefixes;
+    }
+
+    /** Convert LinkAddress |addr| to IpPrefix. */
+    public static IpPrefix asIpPrefix(LinkAddress addr) {
+        return new IpPrefix(addr.getAddress(), addr.getPrefixLength());
+    }
+
+    /** Convert InetAddress |ip| to IpPrefix. */
+    public static IpPrefix ipAddressAsPrefix(InetAddress ip) {
+        final int bitLength = (ip instanceof Inet4Address)
+                ? NetworkConstants.IPV4_ADDR_BITS
+                : NetworkConstants.IPV6_ADDR_BITS;
+        return new IpPrefix(ip, bitLength);
+    }
+
+    private static IpPrefix pfx(String prefixStr) {
+        return new IpPrefix(prefixStr);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/TetheringMessageBase.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/TetheringMessageBase.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27bb0f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/TetheringMessageBase.java
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering.util;
+
+/**
+ * This class defines Message.what base addresses for various state machine.
+ */
+public class TetheringMessageBase {
+    public static final int BASE_MAIN_SM   = 0;
+    public static final int BASE_IPSERVER = 100;
+
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/TetheringUtils.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/TetheringUtils.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66d67a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/TetheringUtils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering.util;
+
+import android.net.TetherStatsParcel;
+import android.net.TetheringRequestParcel;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.JniUtil;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetherStatsValue;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.SocketException;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * The classes and the methods for tethering utilization.
+ *
+ * {@hide}
+ */
+public class TetheringUtils {
+    static {
+        System.loadLibrary(getTetheringJniLibraryName());
+    }
+
+    public static final byte[] ALL_NODES = new byte[] {
+        (byte) 0xff, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1
+    };
+
+    /** The name should be com_android_networkstack_tethering_util_jni. */
+    public static String getTetheringJniLibraryName() {
+        return JniUtil.getJniLibraryName(TetheringUtils.class.getPackage());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Configures a socket for receiving and sending ICMPv6 neighbor advertisments.
+     * @param fd the socket's {@link FileDescriptor}.
+     */
+    public static native void setupNaSocket(FileDescriptor fd)
+            throws SocketException;
+
+    /**
+     * Configures a socket for receiving and sending ICMPv6 neighbor solicitations.
+     * @param fd the socket's {@link FileDescriptor}.
+     */
+    public static native void setupNsSocket(FileDescriptor fd)
+            throws SocketException;
+
+    /**
+     *  The object which records offload Tx/Rx forwarded bytes/packets.
+     *  TODO: Replace the inner class ForwardedStats of class OffloadHardwareInterface with
+     *  this class as well.
+     */
+    public static class ForwardedStats {
+        public final long rxBytes;
+        public final long rxPackets;
+        public final long txBytes;
+        public final long txPackets;
+
+        public ForwardedStats() {
+            rxBytes = 0;
+            rxPackets = 0;
+            txBytes = 0;
+            txPackets = 0;
+        }
+
+        public ForwardedStats(long rxBytes, long txBytes) {
+            this.rxBytes = rxBytes;
+            this.rxPackets = 0;
+            this.txBytes = txBytes;
+            this.txPackets = 0;
+        }
+
+        public ForwardedStats(long rxBytes, long rxPackets, long txBytes, long txPackets) {
+            this.rxBytes = rxBytes;
+            this.rxPackets = rxPackets;
+            this.txBytes = txBytes;
+            this.txPackets = txPackets;
+        }
+
+        public ForwardedStats(@NonNull TetherStatsParcel tetherStats) {
+            rxBytes = tetherStats.rxBytes;
+            rxPackets = tetherStats.rxPackets;
+            txBytes = tetherStats.txBytes;
+            txPackets = tetherStats.txPackets;
+        }
+
+        public ForwardedStats(@NonNull TetherStatsValue tetherStats) {
+            rxBytes = tetherStats.rxBytes;
+            rxPackets = tetherStats.rxPackets;
+            txBytes = tetherStats.txBytes;
+            txPackets = tetherStats.txPackets;
+        }
+
+        public ForwardedStats(@NonNull ForwardedStats other) {
+            rxBytes = other.rxBytes;
+            rxPackets = other.rxPackets;
+            txBytes = other.txBytes;
+            txPackets = other.txPackets;
+        }
+
+        /** Add Tx/Rx bytes/packets and return the result as a new object. */
+        @NonNull
+        public ForwardedStats add(@NonNull ForwardedStats other) {
+            return new ForwardedStats(rxBytes + other.rxBytes, rxPackets + other.rxPackets,
+                    txBytes + other.txBytes, txPackets + other.txPackets);
+        }
+
+        /** Subtract Tx/Rx bytes/packets and return the result as a new object. */
+        @NonNull
+        public ForwardedStats subtract(@NonNull ForwardedStats other) {
+            // TODO: Perhaps throw an exception if any negative difference value just in case.
+            final long rxBytesDiff = Math.max(rxBytes - other.rxBytes, 0);
+            final long rxPacketsDiff = Math.max(rxPackets - other.rxPackets, 0);
+            final long txBytesDiff = Math.max(txBytes - other.txBytes, 0);
+            final long txPacketsDiff = Math.max(txPackets - other.txPackets, 0);
+            return new ForwardedStats(rxBytesDiff, rxPacketsDiff, txBytesDiff, txPacketsDiff);
+        }
+
+        /** Returns the string representation of this object. */
+        @NonNull
+        public String toString() {
+            return String.format("ForwardedStats(rxb: %d, rxp: %d, txb: %d, txp: %d)", rxBytes,
+                    rxPackets, txBytes, txPackets);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Configures a socket for receiving ICMPv6 router solicitations and sending advertisements.
+     * @param fd the socket's {@link FileDescriptor}.
+     * @param ifIndex the interface index.
+     */
+    public static native void setupRaSocket(FileDescriptor fd, int ifIndex)
+            throws SocketException;
+
+    /**
+     * Read s as an unsigned 16-bit integer.
+     */
+    public static int uint16(short s) {
+        return s & 0xffff;
+    }
+
+    /** Check whether two TetheringRequestParcels are the same. */
+    public static boolean isTetheringRequestEquals(final TetheringRequestParcel request,
+            final TetheringRequestParcel otherRequest) {
+        if (request == otherRequest) return true;
+
+        return request != null && otherRequest != null
+                && request.tetheringType == otherRequest.tetheringType
+                && Objects.equals(request.localIPv4Address, otherRequest.localIPv4Address)
+                && Objects.equals(request.staticClientAddress, otherRequest.staticClientAddress)
+                && request.exemptFromEntitlementCheck == otherRequest.exemptFromEntitlementCheck
+                && request.showProvisioningUi == otherRequest.showProvisioningUi
+                && request.connectivityScope == otherRequest.connectivityScope;
+    }
+
+    /** Get inet6 address for all nodes given scope ID. */
+    public static Inet6Address getAllNodesForScopeId(int scopeId) {
+        try {
+            return Inet6Address.getByAddress("ff02::1", ALL_NODES, scopeId);
+        } catch (UnknownHostException uhe) {
+            Log.wtf("TetheringUtils", "Failed to construct Inet6Address from "
+                    + Arrays.toString(ALL_NODES) + " and scopedId " + scopeId);
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/VersionedBroadcastListener.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/VersionedBroadcastListener.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9e75c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/VersionedBroadcastListener.java
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering.util;
+
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.IntentFilter;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+
+
+/**
+ * A utility class that runs the provided callback on the provided handler when
+ * intents matching the provided filter arrive. Intents received by a stale
+ * receiver are safely ignored.
+ *
+ * Calls to startListening() and stopListening() must happen on the same thread.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class VersionedBroadcastListener {
+    private static final boolean DBG = false;
+
+    private final String mTag;
+    private final Context mContext;
+    private final Handler mHandler;
+    private final IntentFilter mFilter;
+    private final Consumer<Intent> mCallback;
+    private final AtomicInteger mGenerationNumber;
+    private BroadcastReceiver mReceiver;
+
+    public VersionedBroadcastListener(String tag, Context ctx, Handler handler,
+            IntentFilter filter, Consumer<Intent> callback) {
+        mTag = tag;
+        mContext = ctx;
+        mHandler = handler;
+        mFilter = filter;
+        mCallback = callback;
+        mGenerationNumber = new AtomicInteger(0);
+    }
+
+    /** Start listening to intent broadcast. */
+    public void startListening() {
+        if (DBG) Log.d(mTag, "startListening");
+        if (mReceiver != null) return;
+
+        mReceiver = new Receiver(mTag, mGenerationNumber, mCallback);
+        mContext.registerReceiver(mReceiver, mFilter, null, mHandler);
+    }
+
+    /** Stop listening to intent broadcast. */
+    public void stopListening() {
+        if (DBG) Log.d(mTag, "stopListening");
+        if (mReceiver == null) return;
+
+        mGenerationNumber.incrementAndGet();
+        mContext.unregisterReceiver(mReceiver);
+        mReceiver = null;
+    }
+
+    private static class Receiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
+        public final String tag;
+        public final AtomicInteger atomicGenerationNumber;
+        public final Consumer<Intent> callback;
+        // Used to verify this receiver is still current.
+        public final int generationNumber;
+
+        Receiver(String tag, AtomicInteger atomicGenerationNumber, Consumer<Intent> callback) {
+            this.tag = tag;
+            this.atomicGenerationNumber = atomicGenerationNumber;
+            this.callback = callback;
+            generationNumber = atomicGenerationNumber.incrementAndGet();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+            final int currentGenerationNumber = atomicGenerationNumber.get();
+
+            if (DBG) {
+                Log.d(tag, "receiver generationNumber=" + generationNumber
+                        + ", current generationNumber=" + currentGenerationNumber);
+            }
+            if (generationNumber != currentGenerationNumber) return;
+
+            callback.accept(intent);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/Android.bp b/Tethering/tests/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72ca666
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+filegroup {
+    name: "TetheringTestsJarJarRules",
+    srcs: ["jarjar-rules.txt"],
+    visibility: [
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/tests:__subpackages__",
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/Tethering/tests:__subpackages__",
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/integration/Android.bp b/Tethering/tests/integration/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eaf68b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/integration/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+java_defaults {
+    name: "TetheringIntegrationTestsDefaults",
+    defaults: ["framework-connectivity-test-defaults"],
+    srcs: [
+        "src/**/*.java",
+        "src/**/*.kt",
+    ],
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+    static_libs: [
+        "NetworkStackApiStableLib",
+        "androidx.test.rules",
+        "mockito-target-extended-minus-junit4",
+        "net-tests-utils",
+        "net-utils-device-common-bpf",
+        "testables",
+    ],
+    libs: [
+        "android.test.runner",
+        "android.test.base",
+        "android.test.mock",
+    ],
+    jni_libs: [
+        // For mockito extended
+        "libdexmakerjvmtiagent",
+        "libstaticjvmtiagent",
+    ],
+}
+
+// Library including tethering integration tests targeting the latest stable SDK.
+// Use with NetworkStackJarJarRules.
+android_library {
+    name: "TetheringIntegrationTestsLatestSdkLib",
+    target_sdk_version: "31",
+    platform_apis: true,
+    defaults: ["TetheringIntegrationTestsDefaults"],
+    visibility: [
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/tests/cts/tethering",
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/tests:__subpackages__",
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/Tethering/tests:__subpackages__",
+    ]
+}
+
+// Library including tethering integration tests targeting current development SDK.
+// Use with NetworkStackJarJarRules.
+android_library {
+    name: "TetheringIntegrationTestsLib",
+    target_sdk_version: "current",
+    platform_apis: true,
+    defaults: ["TetheringIntegrationTestsDefaults"],
+    visibility: [
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/tests/cts/tethering",
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/Tethering/tests/mts",
+    ]
+}
+
+android_test {
+    name: "TetheringIntegrationTests",
+    platform_apis: true,
+    defaults: ["TetheringIntegrationTestsDefaults"],
+    test_suites: [
+        "device-tests",
+        "mts-tethering",
+    ],
+    compile_multilib: "both",
+    jarjar_rules: ":NetworkStackJarJarRules",
+}
+
+android_library {
+    name: "TetheringCoverageTestsLib",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+    static_libs: [
+        "NetdStaticLibTestsLib",
+        "NetworkStaticLibTestsLib",
+        "NetworkStackTestsLib",
+        "TetheringTestsLatestSdkLib",
+        "TetheringIntegrationTestsLatestSdkLib",
+    ],
+    // Jarjar rules should normally be applied on final artifacts and not intermediate libraries as
+    // applying different rules on intermediate libraries can cause conflicts when combining them
+    // (the resulting artifact can end up with multiple incompatible implementations of the same
+    // classes). But this library is used to combine tethering coverage tests with connectivity
+    // coverage tests into a single coverage target. The tests need to use the same jarjar rules as
+    // covered production code for coverage to be calculated properly, so jarjar is applied
+    // separately on each set of tests.
+    jarjar_rules: ":TetheringCoverageJarJarRules",
+    manifest: "AndroidManifest_coverage.xml",
+    visibility: [
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/tests:__subpackages__"
+    ],
+}
+
+// Combine NetworkStack and Tethering jarjar rules for coverage target. The jarjar files are
+// simply concatenated in the order specified in srcs.
+genrule {
+    name: "TetheringCoverageJarJarRules",
+    srcs: [
+        ":TetheringTestsJarJarRules",
+        ":NetworkStackJarJarRules",
+    ],
+    out: ["jarjar-rules-tethering-coverage.txt"],
+    cmd: "cat $(in) > $(out)",
+    visibility: ["//visibility:private"],
+}
+
+// Special version of the tethering tests that includes all tests necessary for code coverage
+// purposes. This is currently the union of TetheringTests, TetheringIntegrationTests and
+// NetworkStackTests.
+// TODO: remove in favor of ConnectivityCoverageTests, which includes below tests and more
+android_test {
+    name: "TetheringCoverageTests",
+    platform_apis: true,
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+    target_sdk_version: "31",
+    test_suites: ["device-tests", "mts-tethering"],
+    test_config: "AndroidTest_Coverage.xml",
+    defaults: ["libnetworkstackutilsjni_deps"],
+    static_libs: [
+        "modules-utils-native-coverage-listener",
+        "TetheringCoverageTestsLib",
+    ],
+    jni_libs: [
+        // For mockito extended
+        "libdexmakerjvmtiagent",
+        "libstaticjvmtiagent",
+        // For NetworkStackUtils included in NetworkStackBase
+        "libnetworkstackutilsjni",
+        "libcom_android_networkstack_tethering_util_jni",
+    ],
+    compile_multilib: "both",
+    manifest: "AndroidManifest_coverage.xml",
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/integration/AndroidManifest.xml b/Tethering/tests/integration/AndroidManifest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c89c556
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/integration/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+          package="com.android.networkstack.tethering.tests.integration">
+
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
+    <!-- The test need CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE permission to use requestNetwork API to setup test
+         network. Since R shell application don't have such permission, grant permission to the test
+         here. TODO: Remove CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE permission here and use adopt shell perssion to
+         obtain CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE for testing once R device is no longer supported. -->
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE"/>
+
+    <application android:debuggable="true">
+        <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />
+    </application>
+    <instrumentation android:name="androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
+        android:targetPackage="com.android.networkstack.tethering.tests.integration"
+        android:label="Tethering integration tests">
+    </instrumentation>
+</manifest>
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/integration/AndroidManifest_coverage.xml b/Tethering/tests/integration/AndroidManifest_coverage.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..06de00d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/integration/AndroidManifest_coverage.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+          xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
+          package="com.android.networkstack.tethering.tests.coverage">
+
+    <application tools:replace="android:label"
+                 android:debuggable="true"
+                 android:label="Tethering coverage tests">
+        <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />
+    </application>
+    <instrumentation android:name="androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
+                     android:targetPackage="com.android.networkstack.tethering.tests.coverage"
+                     android:label="Tethering coverage tests">
+    </instrumentation>
+</manifest>
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/integration/AndroidTest_Coverage.xml b/Tethering/tests/integration/AndroidTest_Coverage.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33c5b3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/integration/AndroidTest_Coverage.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<configuration description="Runs coverage tests for Tethering">
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.TestAppInstallSetup">
+        <option name="test-file-name" value="TetheringCoverageTests.apk" />
+    </target_preparer>
+
+    <option name="test-tag" value="TetheringCoverageTests" />
+    <test class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.AndroidJUnitTest" >
+        <option name="package" value="com.android.networkstack.tethering.tests.coverage" />
+        <option name="runner" value="androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner" />
+        <option name="hidden-api-checks" value="false"/>
+        <option name="device-listeners" value="com.android.modules.utils.testing.NativeCoverageHackInstrumentationListener" />
+    </test>
+</configuration>
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java b/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de81a38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1061 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.DUMP;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED;
+import static android.net.InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_ETHERNET;
+import static android.net.TetheringTester.RemoteResponder;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_ICMPV6;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_IP;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.ConnectivityUtils.isIPv6ULA;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.HexDump.dumpHexString;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_TYPE_IPV4;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_TYPE_IPV6;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ICMPV6_ROUTER_ADVERTISEMENT;
+import static com.android.testutils.TestNetworkTrackerKt.initTestNetwork;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
+
+import android.app.UiAutomation;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.EthernetManager.TetheredInterfaceCallback;
+import android.net.EthernetManager.TetheredInterfaceRequest;
+import android.net.TetheringManager.StartTetheringCallback;
+import android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringEventCallback;
+import android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest;
+import android.net.TetheringTester.TetheredDevice;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.HandlerThread;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+import android.os.SystemProperties;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+import android.util.Base64;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.Pair;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
+import androidx.test.filters.MediumTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.PacketBuilder;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Key;
+import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Value;
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.EthernetHeader;
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.Icmpv6Header;
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.Ipv4Header;
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.Ipv6Header;
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.UdpHeader;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+import com.android.testutils.DumpTestUtils;
+import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils;
+import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReader;
+import com.android.testutils.TestNetworkTracker;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.InterfaceAddress;
+import java.net.NetworkInterface;
+import java.net.SocketException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Random;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@MediumTest
+public class EthernetTetheringTest {
+    @Rule
+    public final DevSdkIgnoreRule mIgnoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
+
+    private static final String TAG = EthernetTetheringTest.class.getSimpleName();
+    private static final int TIMEOUT_MS = 5000;
+    private static final int TETHER_REACHABILITY_ATTEMPTS = 20;
+    private static final int DUMP_POLLING_MAX_RETRY = 100;
+    private static final int DUMP_POLLING_INTERVAL_MS = 50;
+    // Kernel treats a confirmed UDP connection which active after two seconds as stream mode.
+    // See upstream commit b7b1d02fc43925a4d569ec221715db2dfa1ce4f5.
+    private static final int UDP_STREAM_TS_MS = 2000;
+    private static final LinkAddress TEST_IP4_ADDR = new LinkAddress("10.0.0.1/8");
+    private static final LinkAddress TEST_IP6_ADDR = new LinkAddress("2001:db8:1::101/64");
+    private static final InetAddress TEST_IP4_DNS = parseNumericAddress("8.8.8.8");
+    private static final InetAddress TEST_IP6_DNS = parseNumericAddress("2001:db8:1::888");
+    private static final ByteBuffer TEST_REACHABILITY_PAYLOAD =
+            ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[] { (byte) 0x55, (byte) 0xaa });
+
+    private static final String DUMPSYS_TETHERING_RAWMAP_ARG = "bpfRawMap";
+    private static final String BASE64_DELIMITER = ",";
+    private static final String LINE_DELIMITER = "\\n";
+
+    private final Context mContext = InstrumentationRegistry.getContext();
+    private final EthernetManager mEm = mContext.getSystemService(EthernetManager.class);
+    private final TetheringManager mTm = mContext.getSystemService(TetheringManager.class);
+
+    private TestNetworkInterface mDownstreamIface;
+    private HandlerThread mHandlerThread;
+    private Handler mHandler;
+    private TapPacketReader mDownstreamReader;
+    private TapPacketReader mUpstreamReader;
+
+    private TetheredInterfaceRequester mTetheredInterfaceRequester;
+    private MyTetheringEventCallback mTetheringEventCallback;
+
+    private UiAutomation mUiAutomation =
+            InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getUiAutomation();
+    private boolean mRunTests;
+
+    private TestNetworkTracker mUpstreamTracker;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        // Needed to create a TestNetworkInterface, to call requestTetheredInterface, and to receive
+        // tethered client callbacks. The restricted networks permission is needed to ensure that
+        // EthernetManager#isAvailable will correctly return true on devices where Ethernet is
+        // marked restricted, like cuttlefish. The dump permission is needed to verify bpf related
+        // functions via dumpsys output.
+        mUiAutomation.adoptShellPermissionIdentity(
+                MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS, NETWORK_SETTINGS, TETHER_PRIVILEGED, ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE,
+                CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS, DUMP);
+        mRunTests = mTm.isTetheringSupported() && mEm != null;
+        assumeTrue(mRunTests);
+
+        mHandlerThread = new HandlerThread(getClass().getSimpleName());
+        mHandlerThread.start();
+        mHandler = new Handler(mHandlerThread.getLooper());
+        mTetheredInterfaceRequester = new TetheredInterfaceRequester(mHandler, mEm);
+    }
+
+    private void cleanUp() throws Exception {
+        mTm.setPreferTestNetworks(false);
+
+        if (mUpstreamTracker != null) {
+            mUpstreamTracker.teardown();
+            mUpstreamTracker = null;
+        }
+        if (mUpstreamReader != null) {
+            TapPacketReader reader = mUpstreamReader;
+            mHandler.post(() -> reader.stop());
+            mUpstreamReader = null;
+        }
+
+        mTm.stopTethering(TETHERING_ETHERNET);
+        if (mTetheringEventCallback != null) {
+            mTetheringEventCallback.awaitInterfaceUntethered();
+            mTetheringEventCallback.unregister();
+            mTetheringEventCallback = null;
+        }
+        if (mDownstreamReader != null) {
+            TapPacketReader reader = mDownstreamReader;
+            mHandler.post(() -> reader.stop());
+            mDownstreamReader = null;
+        }
+        mHandlerThread.quitSafely();
+        mTetheredInterfaceRequester.release();
+        mEm.setIncludeTestInterfaces(false);
+        maybeDeleteTestInterface();
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        try {
+            if (mRunTests) cleanUp();
+        } finally {
+            mUiAutomation.dropShellPermissionIdentity();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testVirtualEthernetAlreadyExists() throws Exception {
+        // This test requires manipulating packets. Skip if there is a physical Ethernet connected.
+        assumeFalse(mEm.isAvailable());
+
+        mDownstreamIface = createTestInterface();
+        // This must be done now because as soon as setIncludeTestInterfaces(true) is called, the
+        // interface will be placed in client mode, which will delete the link-local address.
+        // At that point NetworkInterface.getByName() will cease to work on the interface, because
+        // starting in R NetworkInterface can no longer see interfaces without IP addresses.
+        int mtu = getMTU(mDownstreamIface);
+
+        Log.d(TAG, "Including test interfaces");
+        mEm.setIncludeTestInterfaces(true);
+
+        final String iface = mTetheredInterfaceRequester.getInterface();
+        assertEquals("TetheredInterfaceCallback for unexpected interface",
+                mDownstreamIface.getInterfaceName(), iface);
+
+        checkVirtualEthernet(mDownstreamIface, mtu);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testVirtualEthernet() throws Exception {
+        // This test requires manipulating packets. Skip if there is a physical Ethernet connected.
+        assumeFalse(mEm.isAvailable());
+
+        CompletableFuture<String> futureIface = mTetheredInterfaceRequester.requestInterface();
+
+        mEm.setIncludeTestInterfaces(true);
+
+        mDownstreamIface = createTestInterface();
+
+        final String iface = futureIface.get(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        assertEquals("TetheredInterfaceCallback for unexpected interface",
+                mDownstreamIface.getInterfaceName(), iface);
+
+        checkVirtualEthernet(mDownstreamIface, getMTU(mDownstreamIface));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStaticIpv4() throws Exception {
+        assumeFalse(mEm.isAvailable());
+
+        mEm.setIncludeTestInterfaces(true);
+
+        mDownstreamIface = createTestInterface();
+
+        final String iface = mTetheredInterfaceRequester.getInterface();
+        assertEquals("TetheredInterfaceCallback for unexpected interface",
+                mDownstreamIface.getInterfaceName(), iface);
+
+        assertInvalidStaticIpv4Request(iface, null, null);
+        assertInvalidStaticIpv4Request(iface, "2001:db8::1/64", "2001:db8:2::/64");
+        assertInvalidStaticIpv4Request(iface, "192.0.2.2/28", "2001:db8:2::/28");
+        assertInvalidStaticIpv4Request(iface, "2001:db8:2::/28", "192.0.2.2/28");
+        assertInvalidStaticIpv4Request(iface, "192.0.2.2/28", null);
+        assertInvalidStaticIpv4Request(iface, null, "192.0.2.2/28");
+        assertInvalidStaticIpv4Request(iface, "192.0.2.3/27", "192.0.2.2/28");
+
+        final String localAddr = "192.0.2.3/28";
+        final String clientAddr = "192.0.2.2/28";
+        mTetheringEventCallback = enableEthernetTethering(iface,
+                requestWithStaticIpv4(localAddr, clientAddr), null /* any upstream */);
+
+        mTetheringEventCallback.awaitInterfaceTethered();
+        assertInterfaceHasIpAddress(iface, localAddr);
+
+        byte[] client1 = MacAddress.fromString("1:2:3:4:5:6").toByteArray();
+        byte[] client2 = MacAddress.fromString("a:b:c:d:e:f").toByteArray();
+
+        FileDescriptor fd = mDownstreamIface.getFileDescriptor().getFileDescriptor();
+        mDownstreamReader = makePacketReader(fd, getMTU(mDownstreamIface));
+        TetheringTester tester = new TetheringTester(mDownstreamReader);
+        DhcpResults dhcpResults = tester.runDhcp(client1);
+        assertEquals(new LinkAddress(clientAddr), dhcpResults.ipAddress);
+
+        try {
+            tester.runDhcp(client2);
+            fail("Only one client should get an IP address");
+        } catch (TimeoutException expected) { }
+
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isRouterAdvertisement(byte[] pkt) {
+        if (pkt == null) return false;
+
+        ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.wrap(pkt);
+
+        final EthernetHeader ethHdr = Struct.parse(EthernetHeader.class, buf);
+        if (ethHdr.etherType != ETHER_TYPE_IPV6) return false;
+
+        final Ipv6Header ipv6Hdr = Struct.parse(Ipv6Header.class, buf);
+        if (ipv6Hdr.nextHeader != (byte) IPPROTO_ICMPV6) return false;
+
+        final Icmpv6Header icmpv6Hdr = Struct.parse(Icmpv6Header.class, buf);
+        return icmpv6Hdr.type == (short) ICMPV6_ROUTER_ADVERTISEMENT;
+    }
+
+    private static void expectRouterAdvertisement(TapPacketReader reader, String iface,
+            long timeoutMs) {
+        final long deadline = SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + timeoutMs;
+        do {
+            byte[] pkt = reader.popPacket(timeoutMs);
+            if (isRouterAdvertisement(pkt)) return;
+            timeoutMs = deadline - SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
+        } while (timeoutMs > 0);
+        fail("Did not receive router advertisement on " + iface + " after "
+                +  timeoutMs + "ms idle");
+    }
+
+    private static void expectLocalOnlyAddresses(String iface) throws Exception {
+        final List<InterfaceAddress> interfaceAddresses =
+                NetworkInterface.getByName(iface).getInterfaceAddresses();
+
+        boolean foundIpv6Ula = false;
+        for (InterfaceAddress ia : interfaceAddresses) {
+            final InetAddress addr = ia.getAddress();
+            if (isIPv6ULA(addr)) {
+                foundIpv6Ula = true;
+            }
+            final int prefixlen = ia.getNetworkPrefixLength();
+            final LinkAddress la = new LinkAddress(addr, prefixlen);
+            if (la.isIpv6() && la.isGlobalPreferred()) {
+                fail("Found global IPv6 address on local-only interface: " + interfaceAddresses);
+            }
+        }
+
+        assertTrue("Did not find IPv6 ULA on local-only interface " + iface,
+                foundIpv6Ula);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLocalOnlyTethering() throws Exception {
+        assumeFalse(mEm.isAvailable());
+
+        mEm.setIncludeTestInterfaces(true);
+
+        mDownstreamIface = createTestInterface();
+
+        final String iface = mTetheredInterfaceRequester.getInterface();
+        assertEquals("TetheredInterfaceCallback for unexpected interface",
+                mDownstreamIface.getInterfaceName(), iface);
+
+        final TetheringRequest request = new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_ETHERNET)
+                .setConnectivityScope(CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL).build();
+        mTetheringEventCallback = enableEthernetTethering(iface, request,
+                null /* any upstream */);
+        mTetheringEventCallback.awaitInterfaceLocalOnly();
+
+        // makePacketReader only works after tethering is started, because until then the interface
+        // does not have an IP address, and unprivileged apps cannot see interfaces without IP
+        // addresses. This shouldn't be flaky because the TAP interface will buffer all packets even
+        // before the reader is started.
+        mDownstreamReader = makePacketReader(mDownstreamIface);
+
+        expectRouterAdvertisement(mDownstreamReader, iface, 2000 /* timeoutMs */);
+        expectLocalOnlyAddresses(iface);
+    }
+
+    private boolean isAdbOverNetwork() {
+        // If adb TCP port opened, this test may running by adb over network.
+        return (SystemProperties.getInt("persist.adb.tcp.port", -1) > -1)
+                || (SystemProperties.getInt("service.adb.tcp.port", -1) > -1);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPhysicalEthernet() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mEm.isAvailable());
+        // Do not run this test if adb is over network and ethernet is connected.
+        // It is likely the adb run over ethernet, the adb would break when ethernet is switching
+        // from client mode to server mode. See b/160389275.
+        assumeFalse(isAdbOverNetwork());
+
+        // Get an interface to use.
+        final String iface = mTetheredInterfaceRequester.getInterface();
+
+        // Enable Ethernet tethering and check that it starts.
+        mTetheringEventCallback = enableEthernetTethering(iface, null /* any upstream */);
+
+        // There is nothing more we can do on a physical interface without connecting an actual
+        // client, which is not possible in this test.
+    }
+
+    private static final class MyTetheringEventCallback implements TetheringEventCallback {
+        private final TetheringManager mTm;
+        private final CountDownLatch mTetheringStartedLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        private final CountDownLatch mTetheringStoppedLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        private final CountDownLatch mLocalOnlyStartedLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        private final CountDownLatch mLocalOnlyStoppedLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        private final CountDownLatch mClientConnectedLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        private final CountDownLatch mUpstreamLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        private final TetheringInterface mIface;
+        private final Network mExpectedUpstream;
+
+        private boolean mAcceptAnyUpstream = false;
+
+        private volatile boolean mInterfaceWasTethered = false;
+        private volatile boolean mInterfaceWasLocalOnly = false;
+        private volatile boolean mUnregistered = false;
+        private volatile Collection<TetheredClient> mClients = null;
+        private volatile Network mUpstream = null;
+
+        MyTetheringEventCallback(TetheringManager tm, String iface) {
+            this(tm, iface, null);
+            mAcceptAnyUpstream = true;
+        }
+
+        MyTetheringEventCallback(TetheringManager tm, String iface, Network expectedUpstream) {
+            mTm = tm;
+            mIface = new TetheringInterface(TETHERING_ETHERNET, iface);
+            mExpectedUpstream = expectedUpstream;
+        }
+
+        public void unregister() {
+            mTm.unregisterTetheringEventCallback(this);
+            mUnregistered = true;
+        }
+        @Override
+        public void onTetheredInterfacesChanged(List<String> interfaces) {
+            fail("Should only call callback that takes a Set<TetheringInterface>");
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onTetheredInterfacesChanged(Set<TetheringInterface> interfaces) {
+            // Ignore stale callbacks registered by previous test cases.
+            if (mUnregistered) return;
+
+            if (!mInterfaceWasTethered && interfaces.contains(mIface)) {
+                // This interface is being tethered for the first time.
+                Log.d(TAG, "Tethering started: " + interfaces);
+                mInterfaceWasTethered = true;
+                mTetheringStartedLatch.countDown();
+            } else if (mInterfaceWasTethered && !interfaces.contains(mIface)) {
+                Log.d(TAG, "Tethering stopped: " + interfaces);
+                mTetheringStoppedLatch.countDown();
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onLocalOnlyInterfacesChanged(List<String> interfaces) {
+            fail("Should only call callback that takes a Set<TetheringInterface>");
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onLocalOnlyInterfacesChanged(Set<TetheringInterface> interfaces) {
+            // Ignore stale callbacks registered by previous test cases.
+            if (mUnregistered) return;
+
+            if (!mInterfaceWasLocalOnly && interfaces.contains(mIface)) {
+                // This interface is being put into local-only mode for the first time.
+                Log.d(TAG, "Local-only started: " + interfaces);
+                mInterfaceWasLocalOnly = true;
+                mLocalOnlyStartedLatch.countDown();
+            } else if (mInterfaceWasLocalOnly && !interfaces.contains(mIface)) {
+                Log.d(TAG, "Local-only stopped: " + interfaces);
+                mLocalOnlyStoppedLatch.countDown();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void awaitInterfaceTethered() throws Exception {
+            assertTrue("Ethernet not tethered after " + TIMEOUT_MS + "ms",
+                    mTetheringStartedLatch.await(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+        }
+
+        public void awaitInterfaceLocalOnly() throws Exception {
+            assertTrue("Ethernet not local-only after " + TIMEOUT_MS + "ms",
+                    mLocalOnlyStartedLatch.await(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+        }
+
+        public void awaitInterfaceUntethered() throws Exception {
+            // Don't block teardown if the interface was never tethered.
+            // This is racy because the interface might become tethered right after this check, but
+            // that can only happen in tearDown if startTethering timed out, which likely means
+            // the test has already failed.
+            if (!mInterfaceWasTethered && !mInterfaceWasLocalOnly) return;
+
+            if (mInterfaceWasTethered) {
+                assertTrue(mIface + " not untethered after " + TIMEOUT_MS + "ms",
+                        mTetheringStoppedLatch.await(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+            } else if (mInterfaceWasLocalOnly) {
+                assertTrue(mIface + " not untethered after " + TIMEOUT_MS + "ms",
+                        mLocalOnlyStoppedLatch.await(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+            } else {
+                fail(mIface + " cannot be both tethered and local-only. Update this test class.");
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onError(String ifName, int error) {
+            // Ignore stale callbacks registered by previous test cases.
+            if (mUnregistered) return;
+
+            fail("TetheringEventCallback got error:" + error + " on iface " + ifName);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onClientsChanged(Collection<TetheredClient> clients) {
+            // Ignore stale callbacks registered by previous test cases.
+            if (mUnregistered) return;
+
+            Log.d(TAG, "Got clients changed: " + clients);
+            mClients = clients;
+            if (clients.size() > 0) {
+                mClientConnectedLatch.countDown();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public Collection<TetheredClient> awaitClientConnected() throws Exception {
+            assertTrue("Did not receive client connected callback after " + TIMEOUT_MS + "ms",
+                    mClientConnectedLatch.await(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+            return mClients;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onUpstreamChanged(Network network) {
+            // Ignore stale callbacks registered by previous test cases.
+            if (mUnregistered) return;
+
+            Log.d(TAG, "Got upstream changed: " + network);
+            mUpstream = network;
+            if (mAcceptAnyUpstream || Objects.equals(mUpstream, mExpectedUpstream)) {
+                mUpstreamLatch.countDown();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public Network awaitUpstreamChanged() throws Exception {
+            if (!mUpstreamLatch.await(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)) {
+                fail("Did not receive upstream " + (mAcceptAnyUpstream ? "any" : mExpectedUpstream)
+                        + " callback after " + TIMEOUT_MS + "ms");
+            }
+            return mUpstream;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private MyTetheringEventCallback enableEthernetTethering(String iface,
+            TetheringRequest request, Network expectedUpstream) throws Exception {
+        // Enable ethernet tethering with null expectedUpstream means the test accept any upstream
+        // after etherent tethering started.
+        final MyTetheringEventCallback callback;
+        if (expectedUpstream != null) {
+            callback = new MyTetheringEventCallback(mTm, iface, expectedUpstream);
+        } else {
+            callback = new MyTetheringEventCallback(mTm, iface);
+        }
+        mTm.registerTetheringEventCallback(mHandler::post, callback);
+
+        StartTetheringCallback startTetheringCallback = new StartTetheringCallback() {
+            @Override
+            public void onTetheringFailed(int resultCode) {
+                fail("Unexpectedly got onTetheringFailed");
+            }
+        };
+        Log.d(TAG, "Starting Ethernet tethering");
+        mTm.startTethering(request, mHandler::post /* executor */,  startTetheringCallback);
+
+        final int connectivityType = request.getConnectivityScope();
+        switch (connectivityType) {
+            case CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL:
+                callback.awaitInterfaceTethered();
+                break;
+            case CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL:
+                callback.awaitInterfaceLocalOnly();
+                break;
+            default:
+                fail("Unexpected connectivity type requested: " + connectivityType);
+        }
+
+        return callback;
+    }
+
+    private MyTetheringEventCallback enableEthernetTethering(String iface, Network expectedUpstream)
+            throws Exception {
+        return enableEthernetTethering(iface,
+                new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_ETHERNET)
+                .setShouldShowEntitlementUi(false).build(), expectedUpstream);
+    }
+
+    private int getMTU(TestNetworkInterface iface) throws SocketException {
+        NetworkInterface nif = NetworkInterface.getByName(iface.getInterfaceName());
+        assertNotNull("Can't get NetworkInterface object for " + iface.getInterfaceName(), nif);
+        return nif.getMTU();
+    }
+
+    private TapPacketReader makePacketReader(final TestNetworkInterface iface) throws Exception {
+        FileDescriptor fd = iface.getFileDescriptor().getFileDescriptor();
+        return makePacketReader(fd, getMTU(iface));
+    }
+
+    private TapPacketReader makePacketReader(FileDescriptor fd, int mtu) {
+        final TapPacketReader reader = new TapPacketReader(mHandler, fd, mtu);
+        mHandler.post(() -> reader.start());
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandler, TIMEOUT_MS);
+        return reader;
+    }
+
+    private void checkVirtualEthernet(TestNetworkInterface iface, int mtu) throws Exception {
+        FileDescriptor fd = iface.getFileDescriptor().getFileDescriptor();
+        mDownstreamReader = makePacketReader(fd, mtu);
+        mTetheringEventCallback = enableEthernetTethering(iface.getInterfaceName(),
+                null /* any upstream */);
+        checkTetheredClientCallbacks(mDownstreamReader);
+    }
+
+    private void checkTetheredClientCallbacks(TapPacketReader packetReader) throws Exception {
+        // Create a fake client.
+        byte[] clientMacAddr = new byte[6];
+        new Random().nextBytes(clientMacAddr);
+
+        TetheringTester tester = new TetheringTester(packetReader);
+        DhcpResults dhcpResults = tester.runDhcp(clientMacAddr);
+
+        final Collection<TetheredClient> clients = mTetheringEventCallback.awaitClientConnected();
+        assertEquals(1, clients.size());
+        final TetheredClient client = clients.iterator().next();
+
+        // Check the MAC address.
+        assertEquals(MacAddress.fromBytes(clientMacAddr), client.getMacAddress());
+        assertEquals(TETHERING_ETHERNET, client.getTetheringType());
+
+        // Check the hostname.
+        assertEquals(1, client.getAddresses().size());
+        TetheredClient.AddressInfo info = client.getAddresses().get(0);
+        assertEquals(TetheringTester.DHCP_HOSTNAME, info.getHostname());
+
+        // Check the address is the one that was handed out in the DHCP ACK.
+        assertLinkAddressMatches(dhcpResults.ipAddress, info.getAddress());
+
+        // Check that the lifetime is correct +/- 10s.
+        final long now = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
+        final long actualLeaseDuration = (info.getAddress().getExpirationTime() - now) / 1000;
+        final String msg = String.format("IP address should have lifetime of %d, got %d",
+                dhcpResults.leaseDuration, actualLeaseDuration);
+        assertTrue(msg, Math.abs(dhcpResults.leaseDuration - actualLeaseDuration) < 10);
+    }
+
+    private static final class TetheredInterfaceRequester implements TetheredInterfaceCallback {
+        private final Handler mHandler;
+        private final EthernetManager mEm;
+
+        private TetheredInterfaceRequest mRequest;
+        private final CompletableFuture<String> mFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+
+        TetheredInterfaceRequester(Handler handler, EthernetManager em) {
+            mHandler = handler;
+            mEm = em;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onAvailable(String iface) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "Ethernet interface available: " + iface);
+            mFuture.complete(iface);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onUnavailable() {
+            mFuture.completeExceptionally(new IllegalStateException("onUnavailable received"));
+        }
+
+        public CompletableFuture<String> requestInterface() {
+            assertNull("BUG: more than one tethered interface request", mRequest);
+            Log.d(TAG, "Requesting tethered interface");
+            mRequest = mEm.requestTetheredInterface(mHandler::post, this);
+            return mFuture;
+        }
+
+        public String getInterface() throws Exception {
+            return requestInterface().get(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        }
+
+        public void release() {
+            if (mRequest != null) {
+                mFuture.obtrudeException(new IllegalStateException("Request already released"));
+                mRequest.release();
+                mRequest = null;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void assertLinkAddressMatches(LinkAddress l1, LinkAddress l2) {
+        // Check all fields except the deprecation and expiry times.
+        String msg = String.format("LinkAddresses do not match. expected: %s actual: %s", l1, l2);
+        assertTrue(msg, l1.isSameAddressAs(l2));
+        assertEquals("LinkAddress flags do not match", l1.getFlags(), l2.getFlags());
+        assertEquals("LinkAddress scope does not match", l1.getScope(), l2.getScope());
+    }
+
+    private TetheringRequest requestWithStaticIpv4(String local, String client) {
+        LinkAddress localAddr = local == null ? null : new LinkAddress(local);
+        LinkAddress clientAddr = client == null ? null : new LinkAddress(client);
+        return new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_ETHERNET)
+                .setStaticIpv4Addresses(localAddr, clientAddr)
+                .setShouldShowEntitlementUi(false).build();
+    }
+
+    private void assertInvalidStaticIpv4Request(String iface, String local, String client)
+            throws Exception {
+        try {
+            enableEthernetTethering(iface, requestWithStaticIpv4(local, client),
+                    null /* any upstream */);
+            fail("Unexpectedly accepted invalid IPv4 configuration: " + local + ", " + client);
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException | NullPointerException expected) { }
+    }
+
+    private void assertInterfaceHasIpAddress(String iface, String expected) throws Exception {
+        LinkAddress expectedAddr = new LinkAddress(expected);
+        NetworkInterface nif = NetworkInterface.getByName(iface);
+        for (InterfaceAddress ia : nif.getInterfaceAddresses()) {
+            final LinkAddress addr = new LinkAddress(ia.getAddress(), ia.getNetworkPrefixLength());
+            if (expectedAddr.equals(addr)) {
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+        fail("Expected " + iface + " to have IP address " + expected + ", found "
+                + nif.getInterfaceAddresses());
+    }
+
+    private TestNetworkInterface createTestInterface() throws Exception {
+        TestNetworkManager tnm = mContext.getSystemService(TestNetworkManager.class);
+        TestNetworkInterface iface = tnm.createTapInterface();
+        Log.d(TAG, "Created test interface " + iface.getInterfaceName());
+        return iface;
+    }
+
+    private void maybeDeleteTestInterface() throws Exception {
+        if (mDownstreamIface != null) {
+            mDownstreamIface.getFileDescriptor().close();
+            Log.d(TAG, "Deleted test interface " + mDownstreamIface.getInterfaceName());
+            mDownstreamIface = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private TestNetworkTracker createTestUpstream(final List<LinkAddress> addresses)
+            throws Exception {
+        mTm.setPreferTestNetworks(true);
+
+        return initTestNetwork(mContext, addresses, TIMEOUT_MS);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTestNetworkUpstream() throws Exception {
+        assumeFalse(mEm.isAvailable());
+
+        // MyTetheringEventCallback currently only support await first available upstream. Tethering
+        // may select internet network as upstream if test network is not available and not be
+        // preferred yet. Create test upstream network before enable tethering.
+        mUpstreamTracker = createTestUpstream(toList(TEST_IP4_ADDR, TEST_IP6_ADDR));
+
+        mDownstreamIface = createTestInterface();
+        mEm.setIncludeTestInterfaces(true);
+
+        final String iface = mTetheredInterfaceRequester.getInterface();
+        assertEquals("TetheredInterfaceCallback for unexpected interface",
+                mDownstreamIface.getInterfaceName(), iface);
+
+        mTetheringEventCallback = enableEthernetTethering(mDownstreamIface.getInterfaceName(),
+                mUpstreamTracker.getNetwork());
+        assertEquals("onUpstreamChanged for unexpected network", mUpstreamTracker.getNetwork(),
+                mTetheringEventCallback.awaitUpstreamChanged());
+
+        mDownstreamReader = makePacketReader(mDownstreamIface);
+        // TODO: do basic forwarding test here.
+    }
+
+    // Test network topology:
+    //
+    //         public network (rawip)                 private network
+    //                   |                 UE                |
+    // +------------+    V    +------------+------------+    V    +------------+
+    // |   Sever    +---------+  Upstream  | Downstream +---------+   Client   |
+    // +------------+         +------------+------------+         +------------+
+    // remote ip              public ip                           private ip
+    // 8.8.8.8:443            <Upstream ip>:9876                  <TetheredDevice ip>:9876
+    //
+    private static final Inet4Address REMOTE_IP4_ADDR =
+            (Inet4Address) parseNumericAddress("8.8.8.8");
+    // Used by public port and private port. Assume port 9876 has not been used yet before the
+    // testing that public port and private port are the same in the testing. Note that NAT port
+    // forwarding could be different between private port and public port.
+    private static final short LOCAL_PORT = 9876;
+    private static final short REMOTE_PORT = 433;
+    private static final byte TYPE_OF_SERVICE = 0;
+    private static final short ID = 27149;
+    private static final short ID2 = 27150;
+    private static final short ID3 = 27151;
+    private static final short FLAGS_AND_FRAGMENT_OFFSET = (short) 0x4000; // flags=DF, offset=0
+    private static final byte TIME_TO_LIVE = (byte) 0x40;
+    private static final ByteBuffer PAYLOAD =
+            ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[] { (byte) 0x12, (byte) 0x34 });
+    private static final ByteBuffer PAYLOAD2 =
+            ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[] { (byte) 0x56, (byte) 0x78 });
+    private static final ByteBuffer PAYLOAD3 =
+            ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[] { (byte) 0x9a, (byte) 0xbc });
+
+    private boolean isExpectedUdpPacket(@NonNull final byte[] rawPacket, boolean hasEther,
+            @NonNull final ByteBuffer payload) {
+        final ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.wrap(rawPacket);
+
+        if (hasEther) {
+            final EthernetHeader etherHeader = Struct.parse(EthernetHeader.class, buf);
+            if (etherHeader == null) return false;
+        }
+
+        final Ipv4Header ipv4Header = Struct.parse(Ipv4Header.class, buf);
+        if (ipv4Header == null) return false;
+
+        final UdpHeader udpHeader = Struct.parse(UdpHeader.class, buf);
+        if (udpHeader == null) return false;
+
+        if (buf.remaining() != payload.limit()) return false;
+
+        return Arrays.equals(Arrays.copyOfRange(buf.array(), buf.position(), buf.limit()),
+                payload.array());
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    private ByteBuffer buildUdpv4Packet(@Nullable final MacAddress srcMac,
+            @Nullable final MacAddress dstMac, short id,
+            @NonNull final Inet4Address srcIp, @NonNull final Inet4Address dstIp,
+            short srcPort, short dstPort, @Nullable final ByteBuffer payload)
+            throws Exception {
+        final boolean hasEther = (srcMac != null && dstMac != null);
+        final int payloadLen = (payload == null) ? 0 : payload.limit();
+        final ByteBuffer buffer = PacketBuilder.allocate(hasEther, IPPROTO_IP, IPPROTO_UDP,
+                payloadLen);
+        final PacketBuilder packetBuilder = new PacketBuilder(buffer);
+
+        if (hasEther) packetBuilder.writeL2Header(srcMac, dstMac, (short) ETHER_TYPE_IPV4);
+        packetBuilder.writeIpv4Header(TYPE_OF_SERVICE, ID, FLAGS_AND_FRAGMENT_OFFSET,
+                TIME_TO_LIVE, (byte) IPPROTO_UDP, srcIp, dstIp);
+        packetBuilder.writeUdpHeader(srcPort, dstPort);
+        if (payload != null) {
+            buffer.put(payload);
+            // in case data might be reused by caller, restore the position and
+            // limit of bytebuffer.
+            payload.clear();
+        }
+
+        return packetBuilder.finalizePacket();
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    private ByteBuffer buildUdpv4Packet(short id, @NonNull final Inet4Address srcIp,
+            @NonNull final Inet4Address dstIp, short srcPort, short dstPort,
+            @Nullable final ByteBuffer payload) throws Exception {
+        return buildUdpv4Packet(null /* srcMac */, null /* dstMac */, id, srcIp, dstIp, srcPort,
+                dstPort, payload);
+    }
+
+    // TODO: remove this verification once upstream connected notification race is fixed.
+    // See #runUdp4Test.
+    private boolean isIpv4TetherConnectivityVerified(TetheringTester tester,
+            RemoteResponder remote, TetheredDevice tethered) throws Exception {
+        final ByteBuffer probePacket = buildUdpv4Packet(tethered.macAddr,
+                tethered.routerMacAddr, ID, tethered.ipv4Addr /* srcIp */,
+                REMOTE_IP4_ADDR /* dstIp */, LOCAL_PORT /* srcPort */, REMOTE_PORT /*dstPort */,
+                TEST_REACHABILITY_PAYLOAD);
+
+        // Send a UDP packet from client and check the packet can be found on upstream interface.
+        for (int i = 0; i < TETHER_REACHABILITY_ATTEMPTS; i++) {
+            tester.sendPacket(probePacket);
+            byte[] expectedPacket = remote.getNextMatchedPacket(p -> {
+                Log.d(TAG, "Packet in upstream: " + dumpHexString(p));
+                return isExpectedUdpPacket(p, false /* hasEther */, TEST_REACHABILITY_PAYLOAD);
+            });
+            if (expectedPacket != null) return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private void runUdp4Test(TetheringTester tester, RemoteResponder remote, boolean usingBpf)
+            throws Exception {
+        final TetheredDevice tethered = tester.createTetheredDevice(MacAddress.fromString(
+                "1:2:3:4:5:6"));
+
+        // TODO: remove the connectivity verification for upstream connected notification race.
+        // Because async upstream connected notification can't guarantee the tethering routing is
+        // ready to use. Need to test tethering connectivity before testing.
+        // For short term plan, consider using IPv6 RA to get MAC address because the prefix comes
+        // from upstream. That can guarantee that the routing is ready. Long term plan is that
+        // refactors upstream connected notification from async to sync.
+        assertTrue(isIpv4TetherConnectivityVerified(tester, remote, tethered));
+
+        // Send a UDP packet in original direction.
+        final ByteBuffer originalPacket = buildUdpv4Packet(tethered.macAddr,
+                tethered.routerMacAddr, ID, tethered.ipv4Addr /* srcIp */,
+                REMOTE_IP4_ADDR /* dstIp */, LOCAL_PORT /* srcPort */, REMOTE_PORT /*dstPort */,
+                PAYLOAD /* payload */);
+        tester.verifyUpload(remote, originalPacket, p -> {
+            Log.d(TAG, "Packet in upstream: " + dumpHexString(p));
+            return isExpectedUdpPacket(p, false /* hasEther */, PAYLOAD);
+        });
+
+        // Send a UDP packet in reply direction.
+        final Inet4Address publicIp4Addr = (Inet4Address) TEST_IP4_ADDR.getAddress();
+        final ByteBuffer replyPacket = buildUdpv4Packet(ID2, REMOTE_IP4_ADDR /* srcIp */,
+                publicIp4Addr /* dstIp */, REMOTE_PORT /* srcPort */, LOCAL_PORT /*dstPort */,
+                PAYLOAD2 /* payload */);
+        remote.verifyDownload(tester, replyPacket, p -> {
+            Log.d(TAG, "Packet in downstream: " + dumpHexString(p));
+            return isExpectedUdpPacket(p, true/* hasEther */, PAYLOAD2);
+        });
+
+        if (usingBpf) {
+            // Send second UDP packet in original direction.
+            // The BPF coordinator only offloads the ASSURED conntrack entry. The "request + reply"
+            // packets can make status IPS_SEEN_REPLY to be set. Need one more packet to make
+            // conntrack status IPS_ASSURED_BIT to be set. Note the third packet needs to delay
+            // 2 seconds because kernel monitors a UDP connection which still alive after 2 seconds
+            // and apply ASSURED flag.
+            // See kernel upstream commit b7b1d02fc43925a4d569ec221715db2dfa1ce4f5 and
+            // nf_conntrack_udp_packet in net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_proto_udp.c
+            Thread.sleep(UDP_STREAM_TS_MS);
+            final ByteBuffer originalPacket2 = buildUdpv4Packet(tethered.macAddr,
+                    tethered.routerMacAddr, ID, tethered.ipv4Addr /* srcIp */,
+                    REMOTE_IP4_ADDR /* dstIp */, LOCAL_PORT /* srcPort */,
+                    REMOTE_PORT /*dstPort */, PAYLOAD3 /* payload */);
+            tester.verifyUpload(remote, originalPacket2, p -> {
+                Log.d(TAG, "Packet in upstream: " + dumpHexString(p));
+                return isExpectedUdpPacket(p, false /* hasEther */, PAYLOAD3);
+            });
+
+            final HashMap<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> upstreamMap = pollIpv4UpstreamMapFromDump();
+            assertNotNull(upstreamMap);
+            assertEquals(1, upstreamMap.size());
+
+            final Map.Entry<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> rule =
+                    upstreamMap.entrySet().iterator().next();
+
+            final Tether4Key key = rule.getKey();
+            assertEquals(IPPROTO_UDP, key.l4proto);
+            assertTrue(Arrays.equals(tethered.ipv4Addr.getAddress(), key.src4));
+            assertEquals(LOCAL_PORT, key.srcPort);
+            assertTrue(Arrays.equals(REMOTE_IP4_ADDR.getAddress(), key.dst4));
+            assertEquals(REMOTE_PORT, key.dstPort);
+
+            final Tether4Value value = rule.getValue();
+            assertTrue(Arrays.equals(publicIp4Addr.getAddress(),
+                    InetAddress.getByAddress(value.src46).getAddress()));
+            assertEquals(LOCAL_PORT, value.srcPort);
+            assertTrue(Arrays.equals(REMOTE_IP4_ADDR.getAddress(),
+                    InetAddress.getByAddress(value.dst46).getAddress()));
+            assertEquals(REMOTE_PORT, value.dstPort);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void initializeTethering() throws Exception {
+        assumeFalse(mEm.isAvailable());
+
+        // MyTetheringEventCallback currently only support await first available upstream. Tethering
+        // may select internet network as upstream if test network is not available and not be
+        // preferred yet. Create test upstream network before enable tethering.
+        mUpstreamTracker = createTestUpstream(toList(TEST_IP4_ADDR));
+
+        mDownstreamIface = createTestInterface();
+        mEm.setIncludeTestInterfaces(true);
+
+        final String iface = mTetheredInterfaceRequester.getInterface();
+        assertEquals("TetheredInterfaceCallback for unexpected interface",
+                mDownstreamIface.getInterfaceName(), iface);
+
+        mTetheringEventCallback = enableEthernetTethering(mDownstreamIface.getInterfaceName(),
+                mUpstreamTracker.getNetwork());
+        assertEquals("onUpstreamChanged for unexpected network", mUpstreamTracker.getNetwork(),
+                mTetheringEventCallback.awaitUpstreamChanged());
+
+        mDownstreamReader = makePacketReader(mDownstreamIface);
+        mUpstreamReader = makePacketReader(mUpstreamTracker.getTestIface());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testTetherUdpV4WithoutBpf() throws Exception {
+        initializeTethering();
+        runUdp4Test(new TetheringTester(mDownstreamReader), new RemoteResponder(mUpstreamReader),
+                false /* usingBpf */);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testTetherUdpV4WithBpf() throws Exception {
+        initializeTethering();
+        runUdp4Test(new TetheringTester(mDownstreamReader), new RemoteResponder(mUpstreamReader),
+                true /* usingBpf */);
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    private Pair<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> parseTether4KeyValue(@NonNull String dumpStr) {
+        Log.w(TAG, "Parsing string: " + dumpStr);
+
+        String[] keyValueStrs = dumpStr.split(BASE64_DELIMITER);
+        if (keyValueStrs.length != 2 /* key + value */) {
+            fail("The length is " + keyValueStrs.length + " but expect 2. "
+                    + "Split string(s): " + TextUtils.join(",", keyValueStrs));
+        }
+
+        final byte[] keyBytes = Base64.decode(keyValueStrs[0], Base64.DEFAULT);
+        Log.d(TAG, "keyBytes: " + dumpHexString(keyBytes));
+        final ByteBuffer keyByteBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(keyBytes);
+        keyByteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+        final Tether4Key tether4Key = Struct.parse(Tether4Key.class, keyByteBuffer);
+        Log.w(TAG, "tether4Key: " + tether4Key);
+
+        final byte[] valueBytes = Base64.decode(keyValueStrs[1], Base64.DEFAULT);
+        Log.d(TAG, "valueBytes: " + dumpHexString(valueBytes));
+        final ByteBuffer valueByteBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(valueBytes);
+        valueByteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+        final Tether4Value tether4Value = Struct.parse(Tether4Value.class, valueByteBuffer);
+        Log.w(TAG, "tether4Value: " + tether4Value);
+
+        return new Pair<>(tether4Key, tether4Value);
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    private HashMap<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> dumpIpv4UpstreamMap() throws Exception {
+        final String rawMapStr = DumpTestUtils.dumpService(Context.TETHERING_SERVICE,
+                DUMPSYS_TETHERING_RAWMAP_ARG);
+        final HashMap<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> map = new HashMap<>();
+
+        for (final String line : rawMapStr.split(LINE_DELIMITER)) {
+            final Pair<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> rule = parseTether4KeyValue(line.trim());
+            map.put(rule.first, rule.second);
+        }
+        return map;
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    private HashMap<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> pollIpv4UpstreamMapFromDump() throws Exception {
+        for (int retryCount = 0; retryCount < DUMP_POLLING_MAX_RETRY; retryCount++) {
+            final HashMap<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> map = dumpIpv4UpstreamMap();
+            if (!map.isEmpty()) return map;
+
+            Thread.sleep(DUMP_POLLING_INTERVAL_MS);
+        }
+
+        fail("Cannot get rules after " + DUMP_POLLING_MAX_RETRY * DUMP_POLLING_INTERVAL_MS + "ms");
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private <T> List<T> toList(T... array) {
+        return Arrays.asList(array);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/TetheringTester.java b/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/TetheringTester.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d24661a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/TetheringTester.java
@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ARP_REPLY;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ARP_REQUEST;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_ADDR_LEN;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_BROADCAST;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import android.net.dhcp.DhcpAckPacket;
+import android.net.dhcp.DhcpOfferPacket;
+import android.net.dhcp.DhcpPacket;
+import android.util.ArrayMap;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+
+import com.android.networkstack.arp.ArpPacket;
+import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReader;
+
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.Random;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
+
+/**
+ * A class simulate tethered client. When caller create TetheringTester, it would connect to
+ * tethering module that do the dhcp and slaac to obtain ipv4 and ipv6 address. Then caller can
+ * send/receive packets by this class.
+ */
+public final class TetheringTester {
+    private static final String TAG = TetheringTester.class.getSimpleName();
+    private static final int PACKET_READ_TIMEOUT_MS = 100;
+    private static final int DHCP_DISCOVER_ATTEMPTS = 10;
+    private static final byte[] DHCP_REQUESTED_PARAMS = new byte[] {
+            DhcpPacket.DHCP_SUBNET_MASK,
+            DhcpPacket.DHCP_ROUTER,
+            DhcpPacket.DHCP_DNS_SERVER,
+            DhcpPacket.DHCP_LEASE_TIME,
+    };
+
+    public static final String DHCP_HOSTNAME = "testhostname";
+
+    private final ArrayMap<MacAddress, TetheredDevice> mTetheredDevices;
+    private final TapPacketReader mDownstreamReader;
+
+    public TetheringTester(TapPacketReader downstream) {
+        if (downstream == null) fail("Downstream reader could not be NULL");
+
+        mDownstreamReader = downstream;
+        mTetheredDevices = new ArrayMap<>();
+    }
+
+    public TetheredDevice createTetheredDevice(MacAddress macAddr) throws Exception {
+        if (mTetheredDevices.get(macAddr) != null) {
+            fail("Tethered device already created");
+        }
+
+        TetheredDevice tethered = new TetheredDevice(macAddr);
+        mTetheredDevices.put(macAddr, tethered);
+
+        return tethered;
+    }
+
+    public class TetheredDevice {
+        public final MacAddress macAddr;
+        public final MacAddress routerMacAddr;
+        public final Inet4Address ipv4Addr;
+
+        private TetheredDevice(MacAddress mac) throws Exception {
+            macAddr = mac;
+
+            DhcpResults dhcpResults = runDhcp(macAddr.toByteArray());
+            ipv4Addr = (Inet4Address) dhcpResults.ipAddress.getAddress();
+            routerMacAddr = getRouterMacAddressFromArp(ipv4Addr, macAddr,
+                    dhcpResults.serverAddress);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Simulate dhcp client to obtain ipv4 address. */
+    public DhcpResults runDhcp(byte[] clientMacAddr)
+            throws Exception {
+        // We have to retransmit DHCP requests because IpServer declares itself to be ready before
+        // its DhcpServer is actually started. TODO: fix this race and remove this loop.
+        DhcpPacket offerPacket = null;
+        for (int i = 0; i < DHCP_DISCOVER_ATTEMPTS; i++) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "Sending DHCP discover");
+            sendDhcpDiscover(clientMacAddr);
+            offerPacket = getNextDhcpPacket();
+            if (offerPacket instanceof DhcpOfferPacket) break;
+        }
+        if (!(offerPacket instanceof DhcpOfferPacket)) {
+            throw new TimeoutException("No DHCPOFFER received on interface within timeout");
+        }
+
+        sendDhcpRequest(offerPacket, clientMacAddr);
+        DhcpPacket ackPacket = getNextDhcpPacket();
+        if (!(ackPacket instanceof DhcpAckPacket)) {
+            throw new TimeoutException("No DHCPACK received on interface within timeout");
+        }
+
+        return ackPacket.toDhcpResults();
+    }
+
+    private void sendDhcpDiscover(byte[] macAddress) throws Exception {
+        ByteBuffer packet = DhcpPacket.buildDiscoverPacket(DhcpPacket.ENCAP_L2,
+                new Random().nextInt() /* transactionId */, (short) 0 /* secs */,
+                macAddress,  false /* unicast */, DHCP_REQUESTED_PARAMS,
+                false /* rapid commit */,  DHCP_HOSTNAME);
+        mDownstreamReader.sendResponse(packet);
+    }
+
+    private void sendDhcpRequest(DhcpPacket offerPacket, byte[] macAddress)
+            throws Exception {
+        DhcpResults results = offerPacket.toDhcpResults();
+        Inet4Address clientIp = (Inet4Address) results.ipAddress.getAddress();
+        Inet4Address serverIdentifier = results.serverAddress;
+        ByteBuffer packet = DhcpPacket.buildRequestPacket(DhcpPacket.ENCAP_L2,
+                0 /* transactionId */, (short) 0 /* secs */, DhcpPacket.INADDR_ANY /* clientIp */,
+                false /* broadcast */, macAddress, clientIp /* requestedIpAddress */,
+                serverIdentifier, DHCP_REQUESTED_PARAMS, DHCP_HOSTNAME);
+        mDownstreamReader.sendResponse(packet);
+    }
+
+    private DhcpPacket getNextDhcpPacket() throws Exception {
+        final byte[] packet = getNextMatchedPacket((p) -> {
+            // Test whether this is DHCP packet.
+            try {
+                DhcpPacket.decodeFullPacket(p, p.length, DhcpPacket.ENCAP_L2);
+            } catch (DhcpPacket.ParseException e) {
+                // Not a DHCP packet.
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        });
+
+        return packet == null ? null :
+                DhcpPacket.decodeFullPacket(packet, packet.length, DhcpPacket.ENCAP_L2);
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    private ArpPacket parseArpPacket(final byte[] packet) {
+        try {
+            return ArpPacket.parseArpPacket(packet, packet.length);
+        } catch (ArpPacket.ParseException e) {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void maybeReplyArp(byte[] packet) {
+        ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.wrap(packet);
+
+        final ArpPacket arpPacket = parseArpPacket(packet);
+        if (arpPacket == null || arpPacket.opCode != ARP_REQUEST) return;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < mTetheredDevices.size(); i++) {
+            TetheredDevice tethered = mTetheredDevices.valueAt(i);
+            if (!arpPacket.targetIp.equals(tethered.ipv4Addr)) continue;
+
+            final ByteBuffer arpReply = ArpPacket.buildArpPacket(
+                    arpPacket.senderHwAddress.toByteArray() /* dst */,
+                    tethered.macAddr.toByteArray() /* srcMac */,
+                    arpPacket.senderIp.getAddress() /* target IP */,
+                    arpPacket.senderHwAddress.toByteArray() /* target HW address */,
+                    tethered.ipv4Addr.getAddress() /* sender IP */,
+                    (short) ARP_REPLY);
+            try {
+                sendPacket(arpReply);
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                fail("Failed to reply ARP for " + tethered.ipv4Addr);
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private MacAddress getRouterMacAddressFromArp(final Inet4Address tetherIp,
+            final MacAddress tetherMac, final Inet4Address routerIp) throws Exception {
+        final ByteBuffer arpProbe = ArpPacket.buildArpPacket(ETHER_BROADCAST /* dst */,
+                tetherMac.toByteArray() /* srcMac */, routerIp.getAddress() /* target IP */,
+                new byte[ETHER_ADDR_LEN] /* target HW address */,
+                tetherIp.getAddress() /* sender IP */, (short) ARP_REQUEST);
+        sendPacket(arpProbe);
+
+        final byte[] packet = getNextMatchedPacket((p) -> {
+            final ArpPacket arpPacket = parseArpPacket(p);
+            if (arpPacket == null || arpPacket.opCode != ARP_REPLY) return false;
+            return arpPacket.targetIp.equals(tetherIp);
+        });
+
+        if (packet != null) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "Get Mac address from ARP");
+            final ArpPacket arpReply = ArpPacket.parseArpPacket(packet, packet.length);
+            return arpReply.senderHwAddress;
+        }
+
+        fail("Could not get ARP packet");
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public void sendPacket(ByteBuffer packet) throws Exception {
+        mDownstreamReader.sendResponse(packet);
+    }
+
+    public byte[] getNextMatchedPacket(Predicate<byte[]> filter) {
+        byte[] packet;
+        while ((packet = mDownstreamReader.poll(PACKET_READ_TIMEOUT_MS)) != null) {
+            if (filter.test(packet)) return packet;
+
+            maybeReplyArp(packet);
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public void verifyUpload(final RemoteResponder dst, final ByteBuffer packet,
+            final Predicate<byte[]> filter) throws Exception {
+        sendPacket(packet);
+        assertNotNull("Upload fail", dst.getNextMatchedPacket(filter));
+    }
+
+    public static class RemoteResponder {
+        final TapPacketReader mUpstreamReader;
+        public RemoteResponder(TapPacketReader reader) {
+            mUpstreamReader = reader;
+        }
+
+        public void sendPacket(ByteBuffer packet) throws Exception {
+            mUpstreamReader.sendResponse(packet);
+        }
+
+        public byte[] getNextMatchedPacket(Predicate<byte[]> filter) throws Exception {
+            return mUpstreamReader.poll(PACKET_READ_TIMEOUT_MS, filter);
+        }
+
+        public void verifyDownload(final TetheringTester dst, final ByteBuffer packet,
+                final Predicate<byte[]> filter) throws Exception {
+            sendPacket(packet);
+            assertNotNull("Download fail", dst.getNextMatchedPacket(filter));
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/jarjar-rules.txt b/Tethering/tests/jarjar-rules.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a7c7488
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/jarjar-rules.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# Don't jar-jar the entire package because this test use some
+# internal classes (like ArrayUtils in com.android.internal.util)
+rule com.android.internal.util.BitUtils* com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.BitUtils@1
+rule com.android.internal.util.IndentingPrintWriter* com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.IndentingPrintWriter@1
+rule com.android.internal.util.IState* com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.IState@1
+rule com.android.internal.util.MessageUtils* com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.MessageUtils@1
+rule com.android.internal.util.State* com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.State@1
+rule com.android.internal.util.StateMachine* com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.StateMachine@1
+rule com.android.internal.util.TrafficStatsConstants* com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.TrafficStatsConstants@1
+
+rule android.util.LocalLog* com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.LocalLog@1
+
+# Classes from net-utils-framework-common
+rule com.android.net.module.util.** com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.@1
+
+# Classes from net-tests-utils
+rule com.android.testutils.TestBpfMap* com.android.networkstack.tethering.testutils.TestBpfMap@1
+
+# TODO: either stop using frameworks-base-testutils or remove the unit test classes it contains.
+# TestableLooper from "testables" can be used instead of TestLooper from frameworks-base-testutils.
+zap android.os.test.TestLooperTest*
+zap com.android.test.filters.SelectTestTests*
+
+# When used in combined test suites like ConnectivityCoverageTests, these test jarjar rules are
+# combined with the jarjar-rules.txt of other included modules (like NetworkStack jarjar rules).
+# They will effectively be added after the following line break. Note that jarjar stops at the first
+# matching rule, so any rule in this file takes precedence over rules in the following ones.
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/mts/Android.bp b/Tethering/tests/mts/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..18fd63b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/mts/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+android_test {
+    // This tests for functionality that is not required for devices that
+    // don't use Tethering mainline module.
+    name: "MtsTetheringTestLatestSdk",
+
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+    target_sdk_version: "31",
+
+    libs: [
+        "android.test.base",
+    ],
+
+    srcs: [
+        "src/**/*.java",
+    ],
+
+    static_libs: [
+        "androidx.test.rules",
+        // mockito-target-extended-minus-junit4 used in this lib have dependency with
+        // jni_libs libdexmakerjvmtiagent and libstaticjvmtiagent.
+        "cts-net-utils",
+        // This is needed for androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner.
+        "ctstestrunner-axt",
+        "junit",
+        "junit-params",
+    ],
+
+    jni_libs: [
+        // For mockito extended which is pulled in from -net-utils -> net-tests-utils
+        // (mockito-target-extended-minus-junit4).
+        "libdexmakerjvmtiagent",
+        "libstaticjvmtiagent",
+    ],
+
+    defaults: ["framework-connectivity-test-defaults"],
+
+    platform_apis: true,
+
+    // Tag this module as a mts test artifact
+    test_suites: [
+        "general-tests",
+        "mts-tethering",
+    ],
+
+    // Include both the 32 and 64 bit versions
+    compile_multilib: "both",
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/mts/AndroidManifest.xml b/Tethering/tests/mts/AndroidManifest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d2abca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/mts/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!--
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    package="android.tethering.mts">
+
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
+
+    <application android:debuggable="true">
+        <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />
+    </application>
+    <instrumentation android:name="androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
+                     android:targetPackage="android.tethering.mts"
+                     android:label="MTS tests of android.tethering">
+        <meta-data android:name="listener"
+            android:value="com.android.cts.runner.CtsTestRunListener" />
+    </instrumentation>
+
+</manifest>
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/mts/AndroidTest.xml b/Tethering/tests/mts/AndroidTest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4edd544
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/mts/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+<configuration description="Config for MTS Tethering test cases">
+    <option name="test-suite-tag" value="mts" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="component" value="networking" />
+    <!-- Instant app do not have INTERNET permission. -->
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="not_instant_app" />
+    <!-- Feature is not backed by native code. -->
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="not_multi_abi" />
+    <!-- Allow running this against a secondary user. -->
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="secondary_user" />
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.suite.SuiteApkInstaller">
+        <option name="cleanup-apks" value="true" />
+        <option name="test-file-name" value="MtsTetheringTestLatestSdk.apk" />
+    </target_preparer>
+    <test class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.AndroidJUnitTest" >
+        <option name="package" value="android.tethering.mts" />
+    </test>
+
+    <object type="module_controller" class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.suite.module.MainlineTestModuleController">
+        <option name="mainline-module-package-name" value="com.google.android.tethering" />
+    </object>
+</configuration>
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/mts/src/android/tethering/mts/TetheringModuleTest.java b/Tethering/tests/mts/src/android/tethering/mts/TetheringModuleTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4525568
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/mts/src/android/tethering/mts/TetheringModuleTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.tethering.mts;
+
+import static android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.READ_DEVICE_CONFIG;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI;
+import static android.provider.DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY;
+
+import static com.android.testutils.TestNetworkTrackerKt.initTestNetwork;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import android.app.UiAutomation;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.TetheringInterface;
+import android.net.TetheringManager;
+import android.net.cts.util.CtsTetheringUtils;
+import android.net.cts.util.CtsTetheringUtils.TestTetheringEventCallback;
+import android.provider.DeviceConfig;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.testutils.TestNetworkTracker;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.net.InterfaceAddress;
+import java.net.NetworkInterface;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+public class TetheringModuleTest {
+    private Context mContext;
+    private TetheringManager mTm;
+    private CtsTetheringUtils mCtsTetheringUtils;
+
+    private UiAutomation mUiAutomation =
+            InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getUiAutomation();
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        mUiAutomation.adoptShellPermissionIdentity(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS, NETWORK_SETTINGS,
+                WRITE_SETTINGS, READ_DEVICE_CONFIG, TETHER_PRIVILEGED, ACCESS_WIFI_STATE);
+        mContext = InstrumentationRegistry.getContext();
+        mTm = mContext.getSystemService(TetheringManager.class);
+        mCtsTetheringUtils = new CtsTetheringUtils(mContext);
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        mUiAutomation.dropShellPermissionIdentity();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSwitchBasePrefixRangeWhenConflict() throws Exception {
+        addressConflictTest(true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSwitchPrefixRangeWhenConflict() throws Exception {
+        addressConflictTest(false);
+    }
+
+    private void addressConflictTest(final boolean wholeRangeConflict) throws Exception {
+        final TestTetheringEventCallback tetherEventCallback =
+                mCtsTetheringUtils.registerTetheringEventCallback();
+
+        TestNetworkTracker tnt = null;
+        try {
+            tetherEventCallback.assumeWifiTetheringSupported(mContext);
+            tetherEventCallback.expectNoTetheringActive();
+
+            final TetheringInterface tetheredIface =
+                    mCtsTetheringUtils.startWifiTethering(tetherEventCallback);
+
+            assertNotNull(tetheredIface);
+            final String wifiTetheringIface = tetheredIface.getInterface();
+
+            NetworkInterface nif = NetworkInterface.getByName(wifiTetheringIface);
+            // Tethering downstream only have one ipv4 address.
+            final LinkAddress hotspotAddr = getFirstIpv4Address(nif);
+            assertNotNull(hotspotAddr);
+
+            final IpPrefix testPrefix = getConflictingPrefix(hotspotAddr, wholeRangeConflict);
+            assertNotNull(testPrefix);
+
+            tnt = setUpTestNetwork(
+                    new LinkAddress(testPrefix.getAddress(), testPrefix.getPrefixLength()));
+
+            tetherEventCallback.expectNoTetheringActive();
+            final List<String> wifiRegexs =
+                    tetherEventCallback.getTetheringInterfaceRegexps().getTetherableWifiRegexs();
+
+            tetherEventCallback.expectTetheredInterfacesChanged(wifiRegexs, TETHERING_WIFI);
+            nif = NetworkInterface.getByName(wifiTetheringIface);
+            final LinkAddress newHotspotAddr = getFirstIpv4Address(nif);
+            assertNotNull(newHotspotAddr);
+
+            assertFalse(testPrefix.containsPrefix(
+                    new IpPrefix(newHotspotAddr.getAddress(), newHotspotAddr.getPrefixLength())));
+
+            mCtsTetheringUtils.stopWifiTethering(tetherEventCallback);
+        } finally {
+            if (tnt != null) {
+                tnt.teardown();
+            }
+            mTm.stopAllTethering();
+            mCtsTetheringUtils.unregisterTetheringEventCallback(tetherEventCallback);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private LinkAddress getFirstIpv4Address(final NetworkInterface nif) {
+        for (InterfaceAddress ia : nif.getInterfaceAddresses()) {
+            final LinkAddress addr = new LinkAddress(ia.getAddress(), ia.getNetworkPrefixLength());
+            if (addr.isIpv4()) return addr;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    private IpPrefix getConflictingPrefix(final LinkAddress address,
+            final boolean wholeRangeConflict) {
+        if (!wholeRangeConflict) {
+            return new IpPrefix(address.getAddress(), address.getPrefixLength());
+        }
+
+        final ArrayList<IpPrefix> prefixPool = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(
+                new IpPrefix("192.168.0.0/16"),
+                new IpPrefix("172.16.0.0/12"),
+                new IpPrefix("10.0.0.0/8")));
+
+        for (IpPrefix prefix : prefixPool) {
+            if (prefix.contains(address.getAddress())) return prefix;
+        }
+
+        fail("Could not find sutiable conflict prefix");
+
+        // Never go here.
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private TestNetworkTracker setUpTestNetwork(final LinkAddress address) throws Exception {
+        return initTestNetwork(mContext, address, 10_000L /* test timeout ms*/);
+
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isFeatureEnabled(final String name, final boolean defaultValue) {
+        return DeviceConfig.getBoolean(NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY, name, defaultValue);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/privileged/Android.bp b/Tethering/tests/privileged/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c890197
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/privileged/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+java_defaults {
+    name: "TetheringPrivilegedTestsJniDefaults",
+    jni_libs: [
+        "libdexmakerjvmtiagent",
+        "libstaticjvmtiagent",
+        "libcom_android_networkstack_tethering_util_jni",
+    ],
+    jni_uses_sdk_apis: true,
+    jarjar_rules: ":TetheringTestsJarJarRules",
+    visibility: ["//visibility:private"],
+}
+
+android_test {
+    name: "TetheringPrivilegedTests",
+    defaults: [
+        "TetheringPrivilegedTestsJniDefaults",
+        "ConnectivityNextEnableDefaults",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "src/**/*.java",
+        "src/**/*.kt",
+    ],
+    certificate: "networkstack",
+    platform_apis: true,
+    test_suites: [
+        "device-tests",
+        "mts-tethering",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "androidx.test.rules",
+        "net-tests-utils",
+        "TetheringApiCurrentLib",
+    ],
+    compile_multilib: "both",
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/privileged/AndroidManifest.xml b/Tethering/tests/privileged/AndroidManifest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49eba15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/privileged/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+          package="com.android.networkstack.tethering.tests.privileged"
+          android:sharedUserId="android.uid.networkstack">
+
+    <!-- Note: do not add any privileged or signature permissions that are granted
+         to the network stack and its shared uid apps. Otherwise, the test APK will
+         install, but when the device is rebooted, it will bootloop because this
+         test APK is not in the privileged permission allow list -->
+
+    <application android:debuggable="true">
+        <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />
+    </application>
+    <instrumentation android:name="androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
+        android:targetPackage="com.android.networkstack.tethering.tests.privileged"
+        android:label="Tethering privileged tests">
+    </instrumentation>
+</manifest>
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/android/net/ip/DadProxyTest.java b/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/android/net/ip/DadProxyTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ebf09ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/android/net/ip/DadProxyTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,327 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.ip;
+
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_ICMPV6;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.IpUtils.icmpv6Checksum;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_SRC_ADDR_OFFSET;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.TetheringUtils.getTetheringJniLibraryName;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+
+import android.app.Instrumentation;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.INetd;
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.net.MacAddress;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.HandlerThread;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.Looper;
+
+import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.InterfaceParams;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.TetheringUtils;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReader;
+import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReaderRule;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+@SmallTest
+public class DadProxyTest {
+    private static final int DATA_BUFFER_LEN = 4096;
+    private static final int PACKET_TIMEOUT_MS = 2_000;  // Long enough for DAD to succeed.
+
+    // Start the readers manually on a common handler shared with DadProxy, for simplicity
+    @Rule
+    public final TapPacketReaderRule mUpstreamReader = new TapPacketReaderRule(
+            DATA_BUFFER_LEN, false /* autoStart */);
+    @Rule
+    public final TapPacketReaderRule mTetheredReader = new TapPacketReaderRule(
+            DATA_BUFFER_LEN, false /* autoStart */);
+
+    private InterfaceParams mUpstreamParams, mTetheredParams;
+    private HandlerThread mHandlerThread;
+    private Handler mHandler;
+    private TapPacketReader mUpstreamPacketReader, mTetheredPacketReader;
+
+    private static INetd sNetd;
+
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void setupOnce() {
+        System.loadLibrary(getTetheringJniLibraryName());
+
+        final Instrumentation inst = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation();
+        final IBinder netdIBinder =
+                (IBinder) inst.getContext().getSystemService(Context.NETD_SERVICE);
+        sNetd = INetd.Stub.asInterface(netdIBinder);
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+
+        mHandlerThread = new HandlerThread(getClass().getSimpleName());
+        mHandlerThread.start();
+        mHandler = new Handler(mHandlerThread.getLooper());
+
+        setupTapInterfaces();
+
+        // Looper must be prepared here since AndroidJUnitRunner runs tests on separate threads.
+        if (Looper.myLooper() == null) Looper.prepare();
+
+        DadProxy mProxy = setupProxy();
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        mUpstreamReader.stop();
+        mTetheredReader.stop();
+
+        if (mHandlerThread != null) {
+            mHandlerThread.quitSafely();
+            mHandlerThread.join(PACKET_TIMEOUT_MS);
+        }
+
+        if (mTetheredParams != null) {
+            sNetd.networkRemoveInterface(INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID, mTetheredParams.name);
+        }
+        if (mUpstreamParams != null) {
+            sNetd.networkRemoveInterface(INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID, mUpstreamParams.name);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void setupTapInterfaces() throws Exception {
+        // Create upstream test iface.
+        mUpstreamReader.start(mHandler);
+        final String upstreamIface = mUpstreamReader.iface.getInterfaceName();
+        mUpstreamParams = InterfaceParams.getByName(upstreamIface);
+        assertNotNull(mUpstreamParams);
+        mUpstreamPacketReader = mUpstreamReader.getReader();
+
+        // Create tethered test iface.
+        mTetheredReader.start(mHandler);
+        final String tetheredIface = mTetheredReader.getIface().getInterfaceName();
+        mTetheredParams = InterfaceParams.getByName(tetheredIface);
+        assertNotNull(mTetheredParams);
+        mTetheredPacketReader = mTetheredReader.getReader();
+    }
+
+    private static final int IPV6_HEADER_LEN = 40;
+    private static final int ETH_HEADER_LEN = 14;
+    private static final int ICMPV6_NA_NS_LEN = 24;
+    private static final int LL_TARGET_OPTION_LEN = 8;
+    private static final int ICMPV6_CHECKSUM_OFFSET = 2;
+    private static final int ETHER_TYPE_IPV6 = 0x86dd;
+
+    private static ByteBuffer createDadPacket(int type) {
+        // Refer to buildArpPacket()
+        int icmpLen = ICMPV6_NA_NS_LEN
+                + (type == NeighborPacketForwarder.ICMPV6_NEIGHBOR_ADVERTISEMENT
+                ? LL_TARGET_OPTION_LEN : 0);
+        final ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(icmpLen + IPV6_HEADER_LEN + ETH_HEADER_LEN);
+
+        // Ethernet header.
+        final MacAddress srcMac = MacAddress.fromString("33:33:ff:66:77:88");
+        buf.put(srcMac.toByteArray());
+        final MacAddress dstMac = MacAddress.fromString("01:02:03:04:05:06");
+        buf.put(dstMac.toByteArray());
+        buf.putShort((short) ETHER_TYPE_IPV6);
+
+        // IPv6 header
+        byte[] version = {(byte) 0x60, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+        buf.put(version);                                           // Version
+        buf.putShort((byte) icmpLen);                               // Length
+        buf.put((byte) IPPROTO_ICMPV6);                             // Next header
+        buf.put((byte) 0xff);                                       // Hop limit
+
+        final byte[] target =
+            InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("fe80::1122:3344:5566:7788").getAddress();
+        final byte[] src;
+        final byte[] dst;
+        if (type == NeighborPacketForwarder.ICMPV6_NEIGHBOR_SOLICITATION) {
+            src = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("::").getAddress();
+            dst = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("ff02::1:ff66:7788").getAddress();
+        } else {
+            src = target;
+            dst = TetheringUtils.ALL_NODES;
+        }
+        buf.put(src);
+        buf.put(dst);
+
+        // ICMPv6 Header
+        buf.put((byte) type);                                       // Type
+        buf.put((byte) 0x00);                                       // Code
+        buf.putShort((short) 0);                                    // Checksum
+        buf.putInt(0);                                              // Reserved
+        buf.put(target);
+
+        if (type == NeighborPacketForwarder.ICMPV6_NEIGHBOR_ADVERTISEMENT) {
+            //NA packet has LL target address
+            //ICMPv6 Option
+            buf.put((byte) 0x02);                                   // Type
+            buf.put((byte) 0x01);                                   // Length
+            byte[] ll_target = MacAddress.fromString("01:02:03:04:05:06").toByteArray();
+            buf.put(ll_target);
+        }
+
+        // Populate checksum field
+        final int transportOffset = ETH_HEADER_LEN + IPV6_HEADER_LEN;
+        final short checksum = icmpv6Checksum(buf, ETH_HEADER_LEN, transportOffset, icmpLen);
+        buf.putShort(transportOffset + ICMPV6_CHECKSUM_OFFSET, checksum);
+
+        buf.flip();
+        return buf;
+    }
+
+    private DadProxy setupProxy() throws Exception {
+        DadProxy proxy = new DadProxy(mHandler, mTetheredParams);
+        mHandler.post(() -> proxy.setUpstreamIface(mUpstreamParams));
+
+        // Upstream iface is added to local network to simplify test case.
+        // Otherwise the test needs to create and destroy a network for the upstream iface.
+        sNetd.networkAddInterface(INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID, mUpstreamParams.name);
+        sNetd.networkAddInterface(INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID, mTetheredParams.name);
+
+        return proxy;
+    }
+
+    // TODO: change to assert.
+    private boolean waitForPacket(ByteBuffer packet, TapPacketReader reader) {
+        byte[] p;
+
+        while ((p = reader.popPacket(PACKET_TIMEOUT_MS)) != null) {
+            final ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(p);
+
+            if (buffer.compareTo(packet) == 0) return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private ByteBuffer copy(ByteBuffer buf) {
+        // There does not seem to be a way to copy ByteBuffers. ByteBuffer does not implement
+        // clone() and duplicate() copies the metadata but shares the contents.
+        return ByteBuffer.wrap(buf.array().clone());
+    }
+
+    private void updateDstMac(ByteBuffer buf, MacAddress mac) {
+        buf.put(mac.toByteArray());
+        buf.rewind();
+    }
+    private void updateSrcMac(ByteBuffer buf, InterfaceParams ifaceParams) {
+        buf.position(ETHER_SRC_ADDR_OFFSET);
+        buf.put(ifaceParams.macAddr.toByteArray());
+        buf.rewind();
+    }
+
+    private void receivePacketAndMaybeExpectForwarded(boolean expectForwarded,
+            ByteBuffer in, TapPacketReader inReader, ByteBuffer out, TapPacketReader outReader)
+            throws IOException {
+
+        inReader.sendResponse(in);
+        if (waitForPacket(out, outReader)) return;
+
+        // When the test runs, DAD may be in progress, because the interface has just been created.
+        // If so, the DAD proxy will get EADDRNOTAVAIL when trying to send packets. It is not
+        // possible to work around this using IPV6_FREEBIND or IPV6_TRANSPARENT options because the
+        // kernel rawv6 code doesn't consider those options either when binding or when sending, and
+        // doesn't get the source address from the packet even in IPPROTO_RAW/HDRINCL mode (it only
+        // gets it from the socket or from cmsg).
+        //
+        // If DAD was in progress when the above was attempted, try again and expect the packet to
+        // be forwarded. Don't disable DAD in the test because if we did, the test would not notice
+        // if, for example, the DAD proxy code just crashed if it received EADDRNOTAVAIL.
+        final String msg = expectForwarded
+                ? "Did not receive expected packet even after waiting for DAD:"
+                : "Unexpectedly received packet:";
+
+        inReader.sendResponse(in);
+        assertEquals(msg, expectForwarded, waitForPacket(out, outReader));
+    }
+
+    private void receivePacketAndExpectForwarded(ByteBuffer in, TapPacketReader inReader,
+            ByteBuffer out, TapPacketReader outReader) throws IOException {
+        receivePacketAndMaybeExpectForwarded(true, in, inReader, out, outReader);
+    }
+
+    private void receivePacketAndExpectNotForwarded(ByteBuffer in, TapPacketReader inReader,
+            ByteBuffer out, TapPacketReader outReader) throws IOException {
+        receivePacketAndMaybeExpectForwarded(false, in, inReader, out, outReader);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNaForwardingFromUpstreamToTether() throws Exception {
+        ByteBuffer na = createDadPacket(NeighborPacketForwarder.ICMPV6_NEIGHBOR_ADVERTISEMENT);
+
+        ByteBuffer out = copy(na);
+        updateDstMac(out, MacAddress.fromString("33:33:00:00:00:01"));
+        updateSrcMac(out, mTetheredParams);
+
+        receivePacketAndExpectForwarded(na, mUpstreamPacketReader, out, mTetheredPacketReader);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    // TODO: remove test once DAD works in both directions.
+    public void testNaForwardingFromTetherToUpstream() throws Exception {
+        ByteBuffer na = createDadPacket(NeighborPacketForwarder.ICMPV6_NEIGHBOR_ADVERTISEMENT);
+
+        ByteBuffer out = copy(na);
+        updateDstMac(out, MacAddress.fromString("33:33:00:00:00:01"));
+        updateSrcMac(out, mTetheredParams);
+
+        receivePacketAndExpectNotForwarded(na, mTetheredPacketReader, out, mUpstreamPacketReader);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNsForwardingFromTetherToUpstream() throws Exception {
+        ByteBuffer ns = createDadPacket(NeighborPacketForwarder.ICMPV6_NEIGHBOR_SOLICITATION);
+
+        ByteBuffer out = copy(ns);
+        updateSrcMac(out, mUpstreamParams);
+
+        receivePacketAndExpectForwarded(ns, mTetheredPacketReader, out, mUpstreamPacketReader);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    // TODO: remove test once DAD works in both directions.
+    public void testNsForwardingFromUpstreamToTether() throws Exception {
+        ByteBuffer ns = createDadPacket(NeighborPacketForwarder.ICMPV6_NEIGHBOR_SOLICITATION);
+
+        ByteBuffer out = copy(ns);
+        updateSrcMac(ns, mUpstreamParams);
+
+        receivePacketAndExpectNotForwarded(ns, mUpstreamPacketReader, out, mTetheredPacketReader);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/android/net/ip/RouterAdvertisementDaemonTest.java b/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/android/net/ip/RouterAdvertisementDaemonTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..328e3fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/android/net/ip/RouterAdvertisementDaemonTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.ip;
+
+import static android.net.RouteInfo.RTN_UNICAST;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_HEADER_LEN;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_TYPE_IPV6;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ICMPV6_ND_OPTION_MTU;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ICMPV6_ND_OPTION_PIO;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ICMPV6_ND_OPTION_RDNSS;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ICMPV6_ND_OPTION_SLLA;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ICMPV6_RA_HEADER_LEN;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ICMPV6_ROUTER_ADVERTISEMENT;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_ADDR_ALL_NODES_MULTICAST;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_ADDR_LEN;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_HEADER_LEN;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.PIO_FLAG_AUTONOMOUS;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.PIO_FLAG_ON_LINK;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import android.app.Instrumentation;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.INetd;
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.net.MacAddress;
+import android.net.RouteInfo;
+import android.net.ip.RouterAdvertisementDaemon.RaParams;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.HandlerThread;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.Looper;
+
+import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.InterfaceParams;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Ipv6Utils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetdUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.EthernetHeader;
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.Icmpv6Header;
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.Ipv6Header;
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.LlaOption;
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.MtuOption;
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.PrefixInformationOption;
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.RaHeader;
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.RdnssOption;
+import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReader;
+import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReaderRule;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public final class RouterAdvertisementDaemonTest {
+    private static final String TAG = RouterAdvertisementDaemonTest.class.getSimpleName();
+    private static final int DATA_BUFFER_LEN = 4096;
+    private static final int PACKET_TIMEOUT_MS = 5_000;
+
+    @Rule
+    public final TapPacketReaderRule mTetheredReader = new TapPacketReaderRule(
+            DATA_BUFFER_LEN, false /* autoStart */);
+
+    private InterfaceParams mTetheredParams;
+    private HandlerThread mHandlerThread;
+    private Handler mHandler;
+    private TapPacketReader mTetheredPacketReader;
+    private RouterAdvertisementDaemon mRaDaemon;
+
+    private static INetd sNetd;
+
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void setupOnce() {
+        final Instrumentation inst = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation();
+        final IBinder netdIBinder =
+                (IBinder) inst.getContext().getSystemService(Context.NETD_SERVICE);
+        sNetd = INetd.Stub.asInterface(netdIBinder);
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+
+        mHandlerThread = new HandlerThread(getClass().getSimpleName());
+        mHandlerThread.start();
+        mHandler = new Handler(mHandlerThread.getLooper());
+
+        setupTapInterfaces();
+
+        // Looper must be prepared here since AndroidJUnitRunner runs tests on separate threads.
+        if (Looper.myLooper() == null) Looper.prepare();
+
+        mRaDaemon = new RouterAdvertisementDaemon(mTetheredParams);
+        sNetd.networkAddInterface(INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID, mTetheredParams.name);
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        mTetheredReader.stop();
+        if (mHandlerThread != null) {
+            mHandlerThread.quitSafely();
+            mHandlerThread.join(PACKET_TIMEOUT_MS);
+        }
+
+        if (mTetheredParams != null) {
+            sNetd.networkRemoveInterface(INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID, mTetheredParams.name);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void setupTapInterfaces() {
+        // Create tethered test iface.
+        mTetheredReader.start(mHandler);
+        mTetheredParams = InterfaceParams.getByName(mTetheredReader.iface.getInterfaceName());
+        assertNotNull(mTetheredParams);
+        mTetheredPacketReader = mTetheredReader.getReader();
+        mHandler.post(mTetheredPacketReader::start);
+    }
+
+    private class TestRaPacket {
+        final RaParams mNewParams, mOldParams;
+
+        TestRaPacket(final RaParams oldParams, final RaParams newParams) {
+            mOldParams = oldParams;
+            mNewParams = newParams;
+        }
+
+        public boolean isPacketMatched(final byte[] pkt, boolean multicast) throws Exception {
+            if (pkt.length < (ETHER_HEADER_LEN + IPV6_HEADER_LEN + ICMPV6_RA_HEADER_LEN)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            final ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.wrap(pkt);
+
+            // Parse Ethernet header
+            final EthernetHeader ethHdr = Struct.parse(EthernetHeader.class, buf);
+            if (ethHdr.etherType != ETHER_TYPE_IPV6) return false;
+
+            // Parse IPv6 header
+            final Ipv6Header ipv6Hdr = Struct.parse(Ipv6Header.class, buf);
+            assertEquals((ipv6Hdr.vtf >> 28), 6 /* ip version*/);
+
+            final int payLoadLength = pkt.length - ETHER_HEADER_LEN - IPV6_HEADER_LEN;
+            assertEquals(payLoadLength, ipv6Hdr.payloadLength);
+
+            // Parse ICMPv6 header
+            final Icmpv6Header icmpv6Hdr = Struct.parse(Icmpv6Header.class, buf);
+            if (icmpv6Hdr.type != (short) ICMPV6_ROUTER_ADVERTISEMENT) return false;
+
+            // Check whether IPv6 destination address is multicast or unicast
+            if (multicast) {
+                assertEquals(ipv6Hdr.dstIp, IPV6_ADDR_ALL_NODES_MULTICAST);
+            } else {
+                // The unicast IPv6 destination address in RA can be either link-local or global
+                // IPv6 address. This test only expects link-local address.
+                assertTrue(ipv6Hdr.dstIp.isLinkLocalAddress());
+            }
+
+            // Parse RA header
+            final RaHeader raHdr = Struct.parse(RaHeader.class, buf);
+            assertEquals(mNewParams.hopLimit, raHdr.hopLimit);
+
+            while (buf.position() < pkt.length) {
+                final int currentPos = buf.position();
+                final int type = Byte.toUnsignedInt(buf.get());
+                final int length = Byte.toUnsignedInt(buf.get());
+                switch (type) {
+                    case ICMPV6_ND_OPTION_PIO:
+                        // length is 4 because this test only expects one PIO included in the
+                        // router advertisement packet.
+                        assertEquals(4, length);
+
+                        final ByteBuffer pioBuf = ByteBuffer.wrap(buf.array(), currentPos,
+                                Struct.getSize(PrefixInformationOption.class));
+                        final PrefixInformationOption pio =
+                                Struct.parse(PrefixInformationOption.class, pioBuf);
+                        assertEquals((byte) (PIO_FLAG_ON_LINK | PIO_FLAG_AUTONOMOUS), pio.flags);
+
+                        final InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByAddress(pio.prefix);
+                        final IpPrefix prefix = new IpPrefix(address, pio.prefixLen);
+                        if (mNewParams.prefixes.contains(prefix)) {
+                            assertTrue(pio.validLifetime > 0);
+                            assertTrue(pio.preferredLifetime > 0);
+                        } else if (mOldParams != null && mOldParams.prefixes.contains(prefix)) {
+                            assertEquals(0, pio.validLifetime);
+                            assertEquals(0, pio.preferredLifetime);
+                        } else {
+                            fail("Unexpected prefix: " + prefix);
+                        }
+
+                        // Move ByteBuffer position to the next option.
+                        buf.position(currentPos + Struct.getSize(PrefixInformationOption.class));
+                        break;
+                    case ICMPV6_ND_OPTION_MTU:
+                        assertEquals(1, length);
+
+                        final ByteBuffer mtuBuf = ByteBuffer.wrap(buf.array(), currentPos,
+                                Struct.getSize(MtuOption.class));
+                        final MtuOption mtu = Struct.parse(MtuOption.class, mtuBuf);
+                        assertEquals(mNewParams.mtu, mtu.mtu);
+
+                        // Move ByteBuffer position to the next option.
+                        buf.position(currentPos + Struct.getSize(MtuOption.class));
+                        break;
+                    case ICMPV6_ND_OPTION_RDNSS:
+                        final int rdnssHeaderLen = Struct.getSize(RdnssOption.class);
+                        final ByteBuffer RdnssBuf = ByteBuffer.wrap(buf.array(), currentPos,
+                                rdnssHeaderLen);
+                        final RdnssOption rdnss = Struct.parse(RdnssOption.class, RdnssBuf);
+                        final String msg =
+                                rdnss.lifetime > 0 ? "Unknown dns" : "Unknown deprecated dns";
+                        final HashSet<Inet6Address> dnses =
+                                rdnss.lifetime > 0 ? mNewParams.dnses : mOldParams.dnses;
+                        assertNotNull(msg, dnses);
+
+                        // Check DNS servers included in this option.
+                        buf.position(currentPos + rdnssHeaderLen); // skip the rdnss option header
+                        final int numOfDnses = (length - 1) / 2;
+                        for (int i = 0; i < numOfDnses; i++) {
+                            byte[] rawAddress = new byte[IPV6_ADDR_LEN];
+                            buf.get(rawAddress);
+                            final Inet6Address dns =
+                                    (Inet6Address) InetAddress.getByAddress(rawAddress);
+                            if (!dnses.contains(dns)) fail("Unexpected dns: " + dns);
+                        }
+                        // Unnecessary to move ByteBuffer position here, since the position has been
+                        // moved forward correctly after reading DNS servers from ByteBuffer.
+                        break;
+                    case ICMPV6_ND_OPTION_SLLA:
+                        // Do nothing, just move ByteBuffer position to the next option.
+                        buf.position(currentPos + Struct.getSize(LlaOption.class));
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        fail("Unknown RA option type " + type);
+                }
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private RaParams createRaParams(final String ipv6Address) throws Exception {
+        final RaParams params = new RaParams();
+        final Inet6Address address = (Inet6Address) InetAddress.getByName(ipv6Address);
+        params.dnses.add(address);
+        params.prefixes.add(new IpPrefix(address, 64));
+
+        return params;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isRaPacket(final TestRaPacket testRa, boolean multicast) throws Exception {
+        byte[] packet;
+        while ((packet = mTetheredPacketReader.poll(PACKET_TIMEOUT_MS)) != null) {
+            if (testRa.isPacketMatched(packet, multicast)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private void assertUnicastRaPacket(final TestRaPacket testRa) throws Exception {
+        assertTrue(isRaPacket(testRa, false /* multicast */));
+    }
+
+    private void assertMulticastRaPacket(final TestRaPacket testRa) throws Exception {
+        assertTrue(isRaPacket(testRa, true /* multicast */));
+    }
+
+    private ByteBuffer createRsPacket(final String srcIp) throws Exception {
+        final MacAddress dstMac = MacAddress.fromString("33:33:03:04:05:06");
+        final MacAddress srcMac = mTetheredParams.macAddr;
+        final ByteBuffer slla = LlaOption.build((byte) ICMPV6_ND_OPTION_SLLA, srcMac);
+
+        return Ipv6Utils.buildRsPacket(srcMac, dstMac, (Inet6Address) InetAddress.getByName(srcIp),
+                IPV6_ADDR_ALL_NODES_MULTICAST, slla);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUnSolicitRouterAdvertisement() throws Exception {
+        assertTrue(mRaDaemon.start());
+        final RaParams params1 = createRaParams("2001:1122:3344::5566");
+        mRaDaemon.buildNewRa(null, params1);
+        assertMulticastRaPacket(new TestRaPacket(null, params1));
+
+        final RaParams params2 = createRaParams("2006:3344:5566::7788");
+        mRaDaemon.buildNewRa(params1, params2);
+        assertMulticastRaPacket(new TestRaPacket(params1, params2));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSolicitRouterAdvertisement() throws Exception {
+        // Enable IPv6 forwarding is necessary, which makes kernel process RS correctly and
+        // create the neighbor entry for peer's link-layer address and IPv6 address. Otherwise,
+        // when device receives RS with IPv6 link-local address as source address, it has to
+        // initiate the address resolution first before responding the unicast RA.
+        sNetd.setProcSysNet(INetd.IPV6, INetd.CONF, mTetheredParams.name, "forwarding", "1");
+
+        assertTrue(mRaDaemon.start());
+        final RaParams params1 = createRaParams("2001:1122:3344::5566");
+        mRaDaemon.buildNewRa(null, params1);
+        assertMulticastRaPacket(new TestRaPacket(null, params1));
+
+        // Add a default route "fe80::/64 -> ::" to local network, otherwise, device will fail to
+        // send the unicast RA out due to the ENETUNREACH error(No route to the peer's link-local
+        // address is present).
+        final String iface = mTetheredParams.name;
+        final RouteInfo linkLocalRoute =
+                new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix("fe80::/64"), null, iface, RTN_UNICAST);
+        NetdUtils.addRoutesToLocalNetwork(sNetd, iface, List.of(linkLocalRoute));
+
+        final ByteBuffer rs = createRsPacket("fe80::1122:3344:5566:7788");
+        mTetheredPacketReader.sendResponse(rs);
+        assertUnicastRaPacket(new TestRaPacket(null, params1));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/com/android/net/module/util/BpfBitmapTest.java b/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/com/android/net/module/util/BpfBitmapTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2112396
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/com/android/net/module/util/BpfBitmapTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.TetheringUtils.getTetheringJniLibraryName;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.BpfBitmap;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+@SmallTest
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+public final class BpfBitmapTest {
+    private static final String TEST_BITMAP_PATH =
+            "/sys/fs/bpf/tethering/map_test_bitmap";
+
+    private static final int mTestData[] = {0,1,2,6,63,64,72};
+    private BpfBitmap mTestBitmap;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        mTestBitmap = new BpfBitmap(TEST_BITMAP_PATH);
+        mTestBitmap.clear();
+        assertTrue(mTestBitmap.isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSet() throws Exception {
+        for (int i : mTestData) {
+            mTestBitmap.set(i);
+            assertFalse(mTestBitmap.isEmpty());
+            assertTrue(mTestBitmap.get(i));
+            // Check that the next item in the bitmap is unset since test data is in
+            // ascending order.
+            assertFalse(mTestBitmap.get(i + 1));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetThenUnset() throws Exception {
+        for (int i : mTestData) {
+            mTestBitmap.set(i);
+            assertFalse(mTestBitmap.isEmpty());
+            assertTrue(mTestBitmap.get(i));
+            // Since test unsets all test data during each iteration, ensure all other
+            // bit are unset.
+            for (int j = 0; j < 128; ++j) if (j != i) assertFalse(mTestBitmap.get(j));
+            mTestBitmap.unset(i);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetAllThenUnsetAll() throws Exception {
+        for (int i : mTestData) {
+            mTestBitmap.set(i);
+        }
+
+        for (int i : mTestData) {
+            mTestBitmap.unset(i);
+            if (i < mTestData.length)
+                assertFalse(mTestBitmap.isEmpty());
+            assertFalse(mTestBitmap.get(i));
+        }
+        assertTrue(mTestBitmap.isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testClear() throws Exception {
+        for (int i = 0; i < 128; ++i) {
+            mTestBitmap.set(i);
+        }
+        assertFalse(mTestBitmap.isEmpty());
+        mTestBitmap.clear();
+        assertTrue(mTestBitmap.isEmpty());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfMapTest.java b/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfMapTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad2faa0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfMapTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,405 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+
+import static android.system.OsConstants.ETH_P_IPV6;
+
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.TetheringUtils.getTetheringJniLibraryName;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import android.net.MacAddress;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.system.OsConstants;
+import android.util.ArrayMap;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.BpfMap;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public final class BpfMapTest {
+    // Sync from packages/modules/Connectivity/bpf_progs/offload.c.
+    private static final int TEST_MAP_SIZE = 16;
+    private static final String TETHER_DOWNSTREAM6_FS_PATH =
+            "/sys/fs/bpf/tethering/map_test_tether_downstream6_map";
+
+    private ArrayMap<TetherDownstream6Key, Tether6Value> mTestData;
+
+    private BpfMap<TetherDownstream6Key, Tether6Value> mTestMap;
+
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void setupOnce() {
+        System.loadLibrary(getTetheringJniLibraryName());
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        mTestData = new ArrayMap<>();
+        mTestData.put(createTetherDownstream6Key(101, "00:00:00:00:00:aa", "2001:db8::1"),
+                createTether6Value(11, "00:00:00:00:00:0a", "11:11:11:00:00:0b",
+                ETH_P_IPV6, 1280));
+        mTestData.put(createTetherDownstream6Key(102, "00:00:00:00:00:bb", "2001:db8::2"),
+                createTether6Value(22, "00:00:00:00:00:0c", "22:22:22:00:00:0d",
+                ETH_P_IPV6, 1400));
+        mTestData.put(createTetherDownstream6Key(103, "00:00:00:00:00:cc", "2001:db8::3"),
+                createTether6Value(33, "00:00:00:00:00:0e", "33:33:33:00:00:0f",
+                ETH_P_IPV6, 1500));
+
+        initTestMap();
+    }
+
+    private void initTestMap() throws Exception {
+        mTestMap = new BpfMap<>(
+                TETHER_DOWNSTREAM6_FS_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR,
+                TetherDownstream6Key.class, Tether6Value.class);
+
+        mTestMap.forEach((key, value) -> {
+            try {
+                assertTrue(mTestMap.deleteEntry(key));
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                fail("Fail to delete the key " + key + ": " + e);
+            }
+        });
+        assertNull(mTestMap.getFirstKey());
+        assertTrue(mTestMap.isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    private TetherDownstream6Key createTetherDownstream6Key(long iif, String mac,
+            String address) throws Exception {
+        final MacAddress dstMac = MacAddress.fromString(mac);
+        final InetAddress ipv6Address = InetAddress.getByName(address);
+
+        return new TetherDownstream6Key(iif, dstMac, ipv6Address.getAddress());
+    }
+
+    private Tether6Value createTether6Value(int oif, String src, String dst, int proto, int pmtu) {
+        final MacAddress srcMac = MacAddress.fromString(src);
+        final MacAddress dstMac = MacAddress.fromString(dst);
+
+        return new Tether6Value(oif, dstMac, srcMac, proto, pmtu);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetFd() throws Exception {
+        try (BpfMap readOnlyMap = new BpfMap<>(TETHER_DOWNSTREAM6_FS_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_RDONLY,
+                TetherDownstream6Key.class, Tether6Value.class)) {
+            assertNotNull(readOnlyMap);
+            try {
+                readOnlyMap.insertEntry(mTestData.keyAt(0), mTestData.valueAt(0));
+                fail("Writing RO map should throw ErrnoException");
+            } catch (ErrnoException expected) {
+                assertEquals(OsConstants.EPERM, expected.errno);
+            }
+        }
+        try (BpfMap writeOnlyMap = new BpfMap<>(TETHER_DOWNSTREAM6_FS_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_WRONLY,
+                TetherDownstream6Key.class, Tether6Value.class)) {
+            assertNotNull(writeOnlyMap);
+            try {
+                writeOnlyMap.getFirstKey();
+                fail("Reading WO map should throw ErrnoException");
+            } catch (ErrnoException expected) {
+                assertEquals(OsConstants.EPERM, expected.errno);
+            }
+        }
+        try (BpfMap readWriteMap = new BpfMap<>(TETHER_DOWNSTREAM6_FS_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR,
+                TetherDownstream6Key.class, Tether6Value.class)) {
+            assertNotNull(readWriteMap);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIsEmpty() throws Exception {
+        assertNull(mTestMap.getFirstKey());
+        assertTrue(mTestMap.isEmpty());
+
+        mTestMap.insertEntry(mTestData.keyAt(0), mTestData.valueAt(0));
+        assertFalse(mTestMap.isEmpty());
+
+        mTestMap.deleteEntry((mTestData.keyAt(0)));
+        assertTrue(mTestMap.isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetFirstKey() throws Exception {
+        // getFirstKey on an empty map returns null.
+        assertFalse(mTestMap.containsKey(mTestData.keyAt(0)));
+        assertNull(mTestMap.getFirstKey());
+        assertNull(mTestMap.getValue(mTestData.keyAt(0)));
+
+        // getFirstKey on a non-empty map returns the first key.
+        mTestMap.insertEntry(mTestData.keyAt(0), mTestData.valueAt(0));
+        assertEquals(mTestData.keyAt(0), mTestMap.getFirstKey());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetNextKey() throws Exception {
+        // [1] If the passed-in key is not found on empty map, return null.
+        final TetherDownstream6Key nonexistentKey =
+                createTetherDownstream6Key(1234, "00:00:00:00:00:01", "2001:db8::10");
+        assertNull(mTestMap.getNextKey(nonexistentKey));
+
+        // [2] If the passed-in key is null on empty map, throw NullPointerException.
+        try {
+            mTestMap.getNextKey(null);
+            fail("Getting next key with null key should throw NullPointerException");
+        } catch (NullPointerException expected) { }
+
+        // The BPF map has one entry now.
+        final ArrayMap<TetherDownstream6Key, Tether6Value> resultMap =
+                new ArrayMap<>();
+        mTestMap.insertEntry(mTestData.keyAt(0), mTestData.valueAt(0));
+        resultMap.put(mTestData.keyAt(0), mTestData.valueAt(0));
+
+        // [3] If the passed-in key is the last key, return null.
+        // Because there is only one entry in the map, the first key equals the last key.
+        final TetherDownstream6Key lastKey = mTestMap.getFirstKey();
+        assertNull(mTestMap.getNextKey(lastKey));
+
+        // The BPF map has two entries now.
+        mTestMap.insertEntry(mTestData.keyAt(1), mTestData.valueAt(1));
+        resultMap.put(mTestData.keyAt(1), mTestData.valueAt(1));
+
+        // [4] If the passed-in key is found, return the next key.
+        TetherDownstream6Key nextKey = mTestMap.getFirstKey();
+        while (nextKey != null) {
+            if (resultMap.remove(nextKey).equals(nextKey)) {
+                fail("Unexpected result: " + nextKey);
+            }
+            nextKey = mTestMap.getNextKey(nextKey);
+        }
+        assertTrue(resultMap.isEmpty());
+
+        // [5] If the passed-in key is not found on non-empty map, return the first key.
+        assertEquals(mTestMap.getFirstKey(), mTestMap.getNextKey(nonexistentKey));
+
+        // [6] If the passed-in key is null on non-empty map, throw NullPointerException.
+        try {
+            mTestMap.getNextKey(null);
+            fail("Getting next key with null key should throw NullPointerException");
+        } catch (NullPointerException expected) { }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateEntry() throws Exception {
+        final TetherDownstream6Key key = mTestData.keyAt(0);
+        final Tether6Value value = mTestData.valueAt(0);
+        final Tether6Value value2 = mTestData.valueAt(1);
+        assertFalse(mTestMap.deleteEntry(key));
+
+        // updateEntry will create an entry if it does not exist already.
+        mTestMap.updateEntry(key, value);
+        assertTrue(mTestMap.containsKey(key));
+        final Tether6Value result = mTestMap.getValue(key);
+        assertEquals(value, result);
+
+        // updateEntry will update an entry that already exists.
+        mTestMap.updateEntry(key, value2);
+        assertTrue(mTestMap.containsKey(key));
+        final Tether6Value result2 = mTestMap.getValue(key);
+        assertEquals(value2, result2);
+
+        assertTrue(mTestMap.deleteEntry(key));
+        assertFalse(mTestMap.containsKey(key));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInsertOrReplaceEntry() throws Exception {
+        final TetherDownstream6Key key = mTestData.keyAt(0);
+        final Tether6Value value = mTestData.valueAt(0);
+        final Tether6Value value2 = mTestData.valueAt(1);
+        assertFalse(mTestMap.deleteEntry(key));
+
+        // insertOrReplaceEntry will create an entry if it does not exist already.
+        assertTrue(mTestMap.insertOrReplaceEntry(key, value));
+        assertTrue(mTestMap.containsKey(key));
+        final Tether6Value result = mTestMap.getValue(key);
+        assertEquals(value, result);
+
+        // updateEntry will update an entry that already exists.
+        assertFalse(mTestMap.insertOrReplaceEntry(key, value2));
+        assertTrue(mTestMap.containsKey(key));
+        final Tether6Value result2 = mTestMap.getValue(key);
+        assertEquals(value2, result2);
+
+        assertTrue(mTestMap.deleteEntry(key));
+        assertFalse(mTestMap.containsKey(key));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInsertReplaceEntry() throws Exception {
+        final TetherDownstream6Key key = mTestData.keyAt(0);
+        final Tether6Value value = mTestData.valueAt(0);
+        final Tether6Value value2 = mTestData.valueAt(1);
+
+        try {
+            mTestMap.replaceEntry(key, value);
+            fail("Replacing non-existent key " + key + " should throw NoSuchElementException");
+        } catch (NoSuchElementException expected) { }
+        assertFalse(mTestMap.containsKey(key));
+
+        mTestMap.insertEntry(key, value);
+        assertTrue(mTestMap.containsKey(key));
+        final Tether6Value result = mTestMap.getValue(key);
+        assertEquals(value, result);
+        try {
+            mTestMap.insertEntry(key, value);
+            fail("Inserting existing key " + key + " should throw IllegalStateException");
+        } catch (IllegalStateException expected) { }
+
+        mTestMap.replaceEntry(key, value2);
+        assertTrue(mTestMap.containsKey(key));
+        final Tether6Value result2 = mTestMap.getValue(key);
+        assertEquals(value2, result2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIterateBpfMap() throws Exception {
+        final ArrayMap<TetherDownstream6Key, Tether6Value> resultMap =
+                new ArrayMap<>(mTestData);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < resultMap.size(); i++) {
+            mTestMap.insertEntry(resultMap.keyAt(i), resultMap.valueAt(i));
+        }
+
+        mTestMap.forEach((key, value) -> {
+            if (!value.equals(resultMap.remove(key))) {
+                fail("Unexpected result: " + key + ", value: " + value);
+            }
+        });
+        assertTrue(resultMap.isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIterateEmptyMap() throws Exception {
+        // Can't use an int because variables used in a lambda must be final.
+        final AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger();
+        mTestMap.forEach((key, value) -> count.incrementAndGet());
+        // Expect that the consumer was never called.
+        assertEquals(0, count.get());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIterateDeletion() throws Exception {
+        final ArrayMap<TetherDownstream6Key, Tether6Value> resultMap =
+                new ArrayMap<>(mTestData);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < resultMap.size(); i++) {
+            mTestMap.insertEntry(resultMap.keyAt(i), resultMap.valueAt(i));
+        }
+
+        // Can't use an int because variables used in a lambda must be final.
+        final AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger();
+        mTestMap.forEach((key, value) -> {
+            try {
+                assertTrue(mTestMap.deleteEntry(key));
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                fail("Fail to delete key " + key + ": " + e);
+            }
+            if (!value.equals(resultMap.remove(key))) {
+                fail("Unexpected result: " + key + ", value: " + value);
+            }
+            count.incrementAndGet();
+        });
+        assertEquals(3, count.get());
+        assertTrue(resultMap.isEmpty());
+        assertNull(mTestMap.getFirstKey());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testClear() throws Exception {
+        // Clear an empty map.
+        assertTrue(mTestMap.isEmpty());
+        mTestMap.clear();
+
+        // Clear a map with some data in it.
+        final ArrayMap<TetherDownstream6Key, Tether6Value> resultMap =
+                new ArrayMap<>(mTestData);
+        for (int i = 0; i < resultMap.size(); i++) {
+            mTestMap.insertEntry(resultMap.keyAt(i), resultMap.valueAt(i));
+        }
+        assertFalse(mTestMap.isEmpty());
+        mTestMap.clear();
+        assertTrue(mTestMap.isEmpty());
+
+        // Clearing an already-closed map throws.
+        mTestMap.close();
+        try {
+            mTestMap.clear();
+            fail("clearing already-closed map should throw");
+        } catch (ErrnoException expected) {
+            assertEquals(OsConstants.EBADF, expected.errno);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInsertOverflow() throws Exception {
+        final ArrayMap<TetherDownstream6Key, Tether6Value> testData =
+                new ArrayMap<>();
+
+        // Build test data for TEST_MAP_SIZE + 1 entries.
+        for (int i = 1; i <= TEST_MAP_SIZE + 1; i++) {
+            testData.put(
+                    createTetherDownstream6Key(i, "00:00:00:00:00:01", "2001:db8::1"),
+                    createTether6Value(100, "de:ad:be:ef:00:01", "de:ad:be:ef:00:02",
+                    ETH_P_IPV6, 1500));
+        }
+
+        // Insert #TEST_MAP_SIZE test entries to the map. The map has reached the limit.
+        for (int i = 0; i < TEST_MAP_SIZE; i++) {
+            mTestMap.insertEntry(testData.keyAt(i), testData.valueAt(i));
+        }
+
+        // The map won't allow inserting any more entries.
+        try {
+            mTestMap.insertEntry(testData.keyAt(TEST_MAP_SIZE), testData.valueAt(TEST_MAP_SIZE));
+            fail("Writing too many entries should throw ErrnoException");
+        } catch (ErrnoException expected) {
+            // Expect that can't insert the entry anymore because the number of elements in the
+            // map reached the limit. See man-pages/bpf.
+            assertEquals(OsConstants.E2BIG, expected.errno);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOpenNonexistentMap() throws Exception {
+        try {
+            final BpfMap<TetherDownstream6Key, Tether6Value> nonexistentMap = new BpfMap<>(
+                    "/sys/fs/bpf/tethering/nonexistent", BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR,
+                    TetherDownstream6Key.class, Tether6Value.class);
+        } catch (ErrnoException expected) {
+            assertEquals(OsConstants.ENOENT, expected.errno);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/ConntrackSocketTest.java b/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/ConntrackSocketTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ee69b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/ConntrackSocketTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkSocket.DEFAULT_RECV_BUFSIZE;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.StructNlMsgHdr.NLM_F_DUMP;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.StructNlMsgHdr.NLM_F_REQUEST;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.OffloadHardwareInterface.IPCTNL_MSG_CT_GET;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.OffloadHardwareInterface.IPCTNL_MSG_CT_NEW;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.OffloadHardwareInterface.NFNL_SUBSYS_CTNETLINK;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.OffloadHardwareInterface.NF_NETLINK_CONNTRACK_DESTROY;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.OffloadHardwareInterface.NF_NETLINK_CONNTRACK_NEW;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import android.net.util.SharedLog;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.HandlerThread;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.NativeHandle;
+import android.system.Os;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.StructNlMsgHdr;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.ServerSocket;
+import java.net.Socket;
+import java.net.SocketAddress;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public class ConntrackSocketTest {
+    private static final long TIMEOUT = 500;
+
+    private HandlerThread mHandlerThread;
+    private Handler mHandler;
+    private final SharedLog mLog = new SharedLog("privileged-test");
+
+    private OffloadHardwareInterface mOffloadHw;
+    private OffloadHardwareInterface.Dependencies mDeps;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+
+        mHandlerThread = new HandlerThread(getClass().getSimpleName());
+        mHandlerThread.start();
+        mHandler = new Handler(mHandlerThread.getLooper());
+
+        // Looper must be prepared here since AndroidJUnitRunner runs tests on separate threads.
+        if (Looper.myLooper() == null) Looper.prepare();
+
+        mDeps = new OffloadHardwareInterface.Dependencies(mLog);
+        mOffloadHw = new OffloadHardwareInterface(mHandler, mLog, mDeps);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIpv4ConntrackSocket() throws Exception {
+        // Set up server and connect.
+        final InetSocketAddress anyAddress = new InetSocketAddress(
+                InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 0);
+        final ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket();
+        serverSocket.bind(anyAddress);
+        final SocketAddress theAddress = serverSocket.getLocalSocketAddress();
+
+        // Make a connection to the server.
+        final Socket socket = new Socket();
+        socket.connect(theAddress);
+        final Socket acceptedSocket = serverSocket.accept();
+
+        final NativeHandle handle = mDeps.createConntrackSocket(
+                NF_NETLINK_CONNTRACK_NEW | NF_NETLINK_CONNTRACK_DESTROY);
+        mOffloadHw.sendIpv4NfGenMsg(handle,
+                (short) ((NFNL_SUBSYS_CTNETLINK << 8) | IPCTNL_MSG_CT_GET),
+                (short) (NLM_F_REQUEST | NLM_F_DUMP));
+
+        boolean foundConntrackEntry = false;
+        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(DEFAULT_RECV_BUFSIZE);
+        buffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+
+        try {
+            while (Os.read(handle.getFileDescriptor(), buffer) > 0) {
+                buffer.flip();
+
+                // TODO: ConntrackMessage should get a parse API like StructNlMsgHdr
+                // so we can confirm that the conntrack added is for the TCP connection above.
+                final StructNlMsgHdr nlmsghdr = StructNlMsgHdr.parse(buffer);
+                assertNotNull(nlmsghdr);
+
+                // As long as 1 conntrack entry is found test case will pass, even if it's not
+                // the from the TCP connection above.
+                if (nlmsghdr.nlmsg_type == ((NFNL_SUBSYS_CTNETLINK << 8) | IPCTNL_MSG_CT_NEW)) {
+                    foundConntrackEntry = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            socket.close();
+            serverSocket.close();
+        }
+        assertTrue("Did not receive any NFNL_SUBSYS_CTNETLINK/IPCTNL_MSG_CT_NEW message",
+                foundConntrackEntry);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/Android.bp b/Tethering/tests/unit/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..37b1bc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+// Tests in this folder are included both in unit tests and CTS.
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+java_library {
+    name: "TetheringCommonTests",
+    srcs: [
+        "common/**/*.java",
+        "common/**/*.kt"
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "androidx.test.rules",
+        "net-tests-utils",
+    ],
+    // TODO(b/147200698) change sdk_version to module-current and remove framework-minus-apex
+    sdk_version: "core_platform",
+    libs: [
+        "framework-minus-apex",
+        "framework-connectivity.impl",
+        "framework-connectivity-t.impl",
+        "framework-tethering.impl",
+    ],
+    visibility: [
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/tests/cts/tethering",
+    ],
+}
+
+java_defaults {
+    name: "TetheringTestsDefaults",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+    srcs: [
+        "src/**/*.java",
+        "src/**/*.kt",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "TetheringCommonTests",
+        "androidx.test.rules",
+        "frameworks-base-testutils",
+        "mockito-target-extended-minus-junit4",
+        "net-tests-utils",
+        "testables",
+    ],
+    // TODO(b/147200698) change sdk_version to module-current and
+    // remove framework-minus-apex, ext, and framework-res
+    sdk_version: "core_platform",
+    libs: [
+        "android.test.runner",
+        "android.test.base",
+        "android.test.mock",
+        "ext",
+        "framework-minus-apex",
+        "framework-res",
+        "framework-bluetooth.stubs.module_lib",
+        "framework-connectivity.impl",
+        "framework-connectivity-t.impl",
+        "framework-tethering.impl",
+        "framework-wifi.stubs.module_lib",
+    ],
+    jni_libs: [
+        // For mockito extended
+        "libdexmakerjvmtiagent",
+        "libstaticjvmtiagent",
+        "libcom_android_networkstack_tethering_util_jni",
+    ],
+}
+
+// Library containing the unit tests. This is used by the coverage test target to pull in the
+// unit test code. It is not currently used by the tests themselves because all the build
+// configuration needed by the tests is in the TetheringTestsDefaults rule.
+android_library {
+    name: "TetheringTestsLatestSdkLib",
+    defaults: ["TetheringTestsDefaults"],
+    static_libs: [
+        "TetheringApiStableLib",
+    ],
+    target_sdk_version: "31",
+    visibility: [
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/tests:__subpackages__",
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/Tethering/tests:__subpackages__",
+    ]
+}
+
+android_test {
+    name: "TetheringTests",
+    platform_apis: true,
+    test_suites: [
+        "device-tests",
+        "mts-tethering",
+    ],
+    defaults: [
+        "TetheringTestsDefaults",
+        "ConnectivityNextEnableDefaults",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "TetheringApiCurrentLib",
+    ],
+    compile_multilib: "both",
+    jarjar_rules: ":TetheringTestsJarJarRules",
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/AndroidManifest.xml b/Tethering/tests/unit/AndroidManifest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..355342f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+          package="com.android.networkstack.tethering.tests.unit">
+
+    <application android:debuggable="true">
+        <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />
+        <service
+            android:name="com.android.networkstack.tethering.MockTetheringService"
+            android:permission="android.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED"
+            android:exported="true">
+            <intent-filter>
+                <action android:name="com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetheringService"/>
+            </intent-filter>
+        </service>
+    </application>
+
+    <instrumentation android:name="androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
+        android:targetPackage="com.android.networkstack.tethering.tests.unit"
+        android:label="Tethering service tests">
+    </instrumentation>
+</manifest>
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/common/android/net/TetheredClientTest.kt b/Tethering/tests/unit/common/android/net/TetheredClientTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..55c59dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/common/android/net/TetheredClientTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net
+
+import android.net.InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress
+import android.net.TetheredClient.AddressInfo
+import android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_BLUETOOTH
+import android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_USB
+import android.system.OsConstants.RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
+import com.android.testutils.assertParcelSane
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertNotEquals
+
+private val TEST_MACADDR = MacAddress.fromBytes(byteArrayOf(12, 23, 34, 45, 56, 67))
+private val TEST_OTHER_MACADDR = MacAddress.fromBytes(byteArrayOf(23, 34, 45, 56, 67, 78))
+private val TEST_ADDR1 = makeLinkAddress("192.168.113.3", prefixLength = 24, expTime = 123L)
+private val TEST_ADDR2 = makeLinkAddress("fe80::1:2:3", prefixLength = 64, expTime = 456L)
+private val TEST_HOSTNAME = "test_hostname"
+private val TEST_OTHER_HOSTNAME = "test_other_hostname"
+private val TEST_ADDRINFO1 = AddressInfo(TEST_ADDR1, TEST_HOSTNAME)
+private val TEST_ADDRINFO2 = AddressInfo(TEST_ADDR2, null)
+
+private fun makeLinkAddress(addr: String, prefixLength: Int, expTime: Long) = LinkAddress(
+        parseNumericAddress(addr),
+        prefixLength,
+        0 /* flags */,
+        RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE,
+        expTime /* deprecationTime */,
+        expTime /* expirationTime */)
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+@SmallTest
+class TetheredClientTest {
+    @Test
+    fun testParceling() {
+        assertParcelSane(TEST_ADDRINFO1, fieldCount = 2)
+        assertParcelSane(makeTestClient(), fieldCount = 3)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testEquals() {
+        assertEquals(makeTestClient(), makeTestClient())
+
+        // Different mac address
+        assertNotEquals(makeTestClient(), TetheredClient(
+                TEST_OTHER_MACADDR,
+                listOf(TEST_ADDRINFO1, TEST_ADDRINFO2),
+                TETHERING_BLUETOOTH))
+
+        // Different hostname
+        assertNotEquals(makeTestClient(), TetheredClient(
+                TEST_MACADDR,
+                listOf(AddressInfo(TEST_ADDR1, TEST_OTHER_HOSTNAME), TEST_ADDRINFO2),
+                TETHERING_BLUETOOTH))
+
+        // Null hostname
+        assertNotEquals(makeTestClient(), TetheredClient(
+                TEST_MACADDR,
+                listOf(AddressInfo(TEST_ADDR1, null), TEST_ADDRINFO2),
+                TETHERING_BLUETOOTH))
+
+        // Missing address
+        assertNotEquals(makeTestClient(), TetheredClient(
+                TEST_MACADDR,
+                listOf(TEST_ADDRINFO2),
+                TETHERING_BLUETOOTH))
+
+        // Different type
+        assertNotEquals(makeTestClient(), TetheredClient(
+                TEST_MACADDR,
+                listOf(TEST_ADDRINFO1, TEST_ADDRINFO2),
+                TETHERING_USB))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testAddAddresses() {
+        val client1 = TetheredClient(TEST_MACADDR, listOf(TEST_ADDRINFO1), TETHERING_USB)
+        val client2 = TetheredClient(TEST_OTHER_MACADDR, listOf(TEST_ADDRINFO2), TETHERING_USB)
+        assertEquals(TetheredClient(
+                TEST_MACADDR,
+                listOf(TEST_ADDRINFO1, TEST_ADDRINFO2),
+                TETHERING_USB), client1.addAddresses(client2))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetters() {
+        assertEquals(TEST_MACADDR, makeTestClient().macAddress)
+        assertEquals(listOf(TEST_ADDRINFO1, TEST_ADDRINFO2), makeTestClient().addresses)
+        assertEquals(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH, makeTestClient().tetheringType)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testAddressInfo_Getters() {
+        assertEquals(TEST_ADDR1, TEST_ADDRINFO1.address)
+        assertEquals(TEST_ADDR2, TEST_ADDRINFO2.address)
+        assertEquals(TEST_HOSTNAME, TEST_ADDRINFO1.hostname)
+        assertEquals(null, TEST_ADDRINFO2.hostname)
+    }
+
+    private fun makeTestClient() = TetheredClient(
+            TEST_MACADDR,
+            listOf(TEST_ADDRINFO1, TEST_ADDRINFO2),
+            TETHERING_BLUETOOTH)
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/android/net/dhcp/DhcpServingParamsParcelExtTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/android/net/dhcp/DhcpServingParamsParcelExtTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8857b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/android/net/dhcp/DhcpServingParamsParcelExtTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.dhcp;
+
+import static android.net.InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import java.util.stream.IntStream;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public class DhcpServingParamsParcelExtTest {
+    private static final Inet4Address TEST_ADDRESS = inet4Addr("192.168.0.123");
+    private static final Inet4Address TEST_CLIENT_ADDRESS = inet4Addr("192.168.0.42");
+    private static final int TEST_ADDRESS_PARCELED = 0xc0a8007b;
+    private static final int TEST_CLIENT_ADDRESS_PARCELED = 0xc0a8002a;
+    private static final int TEST_PREFIX_LENGTH = 17;
+    private static final int TEST_LEASE_TIME_SECS = 120;
+    private static final int TEST_MTU = 1000;
+    private static final Set<Inet4Address> TEST_ADDRESS_SET =
+            new HashSet<Inet4Address>(Arrays.asList(
+            new Inet4Address[] {inet4Addr("192.168.1.123"), inet4Addr("192.168.1.124")}));
+    private static final Set<Integer> TEST_ADDRESS_SET_PARCELED =
+            new HashSet<Integer>(Arrays.asList(new Integer[] {0xc0a8017b, 0xc0a8017c}));
+
+    private DhcpServingParamsParcelExt mParcel;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() {
+        mParcel = new DhcpServingParamsParcelExt();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetServerAddr() {
+        mParcel.setServerAddr(new LinkAddress(TEST_ADDRESS, TEST_PREFIX_LENGTH));
+
+        assertEquals(TEST_ADDRESS_PARCELED, mParcel.serverAddr);
+        assertEquals(TEST_PREFIX_LENGTH, mParcel.serverAddrPrefixLength);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetDefaultRouters() {
+        mParcel.setDefaultRouters(TEST_ADDRESS_SET);
+        assertEquals(TEST_ADDRESS_SET_PARCELED, asSet(mParcel.defaultRouters));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetDnsServers() {
+        mParcel.setDnsServers(TEST_ADDRESS_SET);
+        assertEquals(TEST_ADDRESS_SET_PARCELED, asSet(mParcel.dnsServers));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetExcludedAddrs() {
+        mParcel.setExcludedAddrs(TEST_ADDRESS_SET);
+        assertEquals(TEST_ADDRESS_SET_PARCELED, asSet(mParcel.excludedAddrs));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetDhcpLeaseTimeSecs() {
+        mParcel.setDhcpLeaseTimeSecs(TEST_LEASE_TIME_SECS);
+        assertEquals(TEST_LEASE_TIME_SECS, mParcel.dhcpLeaseTimeSecs);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetLinkMtu() {
+        mParcel.setLinkMtu(TEST_MTU);
+        assertEquals(TEST_MTU, mParcel.linkMtu);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetMetered() {
+        mParcel.setMetered(true);
+        assertTrue(mParcel.metered);
+        mParcel.setMetered(false);
+        assertFalse(mParcel.metered);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetClientAddr() {
+        mParcel.setSingleClientAddr(TEST_CLIENT_ADDRESS);
+        assertEquals(TEST_CLIENT_ADDRESS_PARCELED, mParcel.singleClientAddr);
+    }
+
+    private static Inet4Address inet4Addr(String addr) {
+        return (Inet4Address) parseNumericAddress(addr);
+    }
+
+    private static Set<Integer> asSet(int[] ints) {
+        return IntStream.of(ints).boxed().collect(Collectors.toSet());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/android/net/ip/IpServerTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/android/net/ip/IpServerTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6488421
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/android/net/ip/IpServerTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1500 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.ip;
+
+import static android.net.INetd.IF_STATE_DOWN;
+import static android.net.INetd.IF_STATE_UP;
+import static android.net.RouteInfo.RTN_UNICAST;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_BLUETOOTH;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_NCM;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_USB;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI_P2P;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_ENABLE_FORWARDING_ERROR;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_TETHER_IFACE_ERROR;
+import static android.net.dhcp.IDhcpServer.STATUS_SUCCESS;
+import static android.net.ip.IpServer.STATE_AVAILABLE;
+import static android.net.ip.IpServer.STATE_LOCAL_ONLY;
+import static android.net.ip.IpServer.STATE_TETHERED;
+import static android.net.ip.IpServer.STATE_UNAVAILABLE;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.ETH_P_IPV6;
+
+import static com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel.isAtLeastT;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.Inet4AddressUtils.intToInet4AddressHTH;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.RTM_DELNEIGH;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.RTM_NEWNEIGH;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.StructNdMsg.NUD_FAILED;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.StructNdMsg.NUD_REACHABLE;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.StructNdMsg.NUD_STALE;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.argThat;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyBoolean;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyString;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doNothing;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doThrow;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.spy;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.timeout;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verifyNoMoreInteractions;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager;
+import android.net.INetd;
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.net.InterfaceConfigurationParcel;
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.MacAddress;
+import android.net.RouteInfo;
+import android.net.TetherOffloadRuleParcel;
+import android.net.TetherStatsParcel;
+import android.net.dhcp.DhcpServerCallbacks;
+import android.net.dhcp.DhcpServingParamsParcel;
+import android.net.dhcp.IDhcpEventCallbacks;
+import android.net.dhcp.IDhcpServer;
+import android.net.dhcp.IDhcpServerCallbacks;
+import android.net.ip.IpNeighborMonitor.NeighborEvent;
+import android.net.ip.IpNeighborMonitor.NeighborEventConsumer;
+import android.net.ip.RouterAdvertisementDaemon.RaParams;
+import android.net.util.SharedLog;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.os.test.TestLooper;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.BpfMap;
+import com.android.net.module.util.InterfaceParams;
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants;
+import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Key;
+import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Value;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator.Ipv6ForwardingRule;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.PrivateAddressCoordinator;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.Tether6Value;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetherDevKey;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetherDevValue;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetherDownstream6Key;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetherLimitKey;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetherLimitValue;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetherStatsKey;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetherStatsValue;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetherUpstream6Key;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetheringConfiguration;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.InterfaceSet;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.PrefixUtils;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatcher;
+import org.mockito.Captor;
+import org.mockito.InOrder;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public class IpServerTest {
+    @Rule
+    public final DevSdkIgnoreRule mIgnoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
+
+    private static final String IFACE_NAME = "testnet1";
+    private static final String UPSTREAM_IFACE = "upstream0";
+    private static final String UPSTREAM_IFACE2 = "upstream1";
+    private static final String IPSEC_IFACE = "ipsec0";
+    private static final int UPSTREAM_IFINDEX = 101;
+    private static final int UPSTREAM_IFINDEX2 = 102;
+    private static final int IPSEC_IFINDEX = 103;
+    private static final String BLUETOOTH_IFACE_ADDR = "192.168.44.1";
+    private static final int BLUETOOTH_DHCP_PREFIX_LENGTH = 24;
+    private static final int DHCP_LEASE_TIME_SECS = 3600;
+    private static final boolean DEFAULT_USING_BPF_OFFLOAD = true;
+
+    private static final InterfaceParams TEST_IFACE_PARAMS = new InterfaceParams(
+            IFACE_NAME, 42 /* index */, MacAddress.ALL_ZEROS_ADDRESS, 1500 /* defaultMtu */);
+    private static final InterfaceParams UPSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS = new InterfaceParams(
+            UPSTREAM_IFACE, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, MacAddress.ALL_ZEROS_ADDRESS, 1500 /* defaultMtu */);
+    private static final InterfaceParams UPSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS2 = new InterfaceParams(
+            UPSTREAM_IFACE2, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX2, MacAddress.ALL_ZEROS_ADDRESS,
+            1500 /* defaultMtu */);
+    private static final InterfaceParams IPSEC_IFACE_PARAMS = new InterfaceParams(
+            IPSEC_IFACE, IPSEC_IFINDEX, MacAddress.ALL_ZEROS_ADDRESS, 1500 /* defaultMtu */);
+
+    private static final int MAKE_DHCPSERVER_TIMEOUT_MS = 1000;
+
+    private final LinkAddress mTestAddress = new LinkAddress("192.168.42.5/24");
+    private final IpPrefix mBluetoothPrefix = new IpPrefix("192.168.44.0/24");
+
+    @Mock private INetd mNetd;
+    @Mock private IpServer.Callback mCallback;
+    @Mock private SharedLog mSharedLog;
+    @Mock private IDhcpServer mDhcpServer;
+    @Mock private DadProxy mDadProxy;
+    @Mock private RouterAdvertisementDaemon mRaDaemon;
+    @Mock private IpNeighborMonitor mIpNeighborMonitor;
+    @Mock private IpServer.Dependencies mDependencies;
+    @Mock private PrivateAddressCoordinator mAddressCoordinator;
+    @Mock private NetworkStatsManager mStatsManager;
+    @Mock private TetheringConfiguration mTetherConfig;
+    @Mock private ConntrackMonitor mConntrackMonitor;
+    @Mock private BpfMap<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> mBpfDownstream4Map;
+    @Mock private BpfMap<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> mBpfUpstream4Map;
+    @Mock private BpfMap<TetherDownstream6Key, Tether6Value> mBpfDownstream6Map;
+    @Mock private BpfMap<TetherUpstream6Key, Tether6Value> mBpfUpstream6Map;
+    @Mock private BpfMap<TetherStatsKey, TetherStatsValue> mBpfStatsMap;
+    @Mock private BpfMap<TetherLimitKey, TetherLimitValue> mBpfLimitMap;
+    @Mock private BpfMap<TetherDevKey, TetherDevValue> mBpfDevMap;
+
+    @Captor private ArgumentCaptor<DhcpServingParamsParcel> mDhcpParamsCaptor;
+
+    private final TestLooper mLooper = new TestLooper();
+    private final ArgumentCaptor<LinkProperties> mLinkPropertiesCaptor =
+            ArgumentCaptor.forClass(LinkProperties.class);
+    private IpServer mIpServer;
+    private InterfaceConfigurationParcel mInterfaceConfiguration;
+    private NeighborEventConsumer mNeighborEventConsumer;
+    private BpfCoordinator mBpfCoordinator;
+    private BpfCoordinator.Dependencies mBpfDeps;
+
+    private void initStateMachine(int interfaceType) throws Exception {
+        initStateMachine(interfaceType, false /* usingLegacyDhcp */, DEFAULT_USING_BPF_OFFLOAD);
+    }
+
+    private void initStateMachine(int interfaceType, boolean usingLegacyDhcp,
+            boolean usingBpfOffload) throws Exception {
+        when(mDependencies.getDadProxy(any(), any())).thenReturn(mDadProxy);
+        when(mDependencies.getRouterAdvertisementDaemon(any())).thenReturn(mRaDaemon);
+        when(mDependencies.getInterfaceParams(IFACE_NAME)).thenReturn(TEST_IFACE_PARAMS);
+        when(mDependencies.getInterfaceParams(UPSTREAM_IFACE)).thenReturn(UPSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS);
+        when(mDependencies.getInterfaceParams(UPSTREAM_IFACE2)).thenReturn(UPSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS2);
+        when(mDependencies.getInterfaceParams(IPSEC_IFACE)).thenReturn(IPSEC_IFACE_PARAMS);
+
+        mInterfaceConfiguration = new InterfaceConfigurationParcel();
+        mInterfaceConfiguration.flags = new String[0];
+        if (interfaceType == TETHERING_BLUETOOTH) {
+            mInterfaceConfiguration.ipv4Addr = BLUETOOTH_IFACE_ADDR;
+            mInterfaceConfiguration.prefixLength = BLUETOOTH_DHCP_PREFIX_LENGTH;
+        }
+
+        ArgumentCaptor<NeighborEventConsumer> neighborCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NeighborEventConsumer.class);
+        doReturn(mIpNeighborMonitor).when(mDependencies).getIpNeighborMonitor(any(), any(),
+                neighborCaptor.capture());
+
+        when(mTetherConfig.isBpfOffloadEnabled()).thenReturn(usingBpfOffload);
+        when(mTetherConfig.useLegacyDhcpServer()).thenReturn(usingLegacyDhcp);
+        mIpServer = new IpServer(
+                IFACE_NAME, mLooper.getLooper(), interfaceType, mSharedLog, mNetd, mBpfCoordinator,
+                mCallback, mTetherConfig, mAddressCoordinator, mDependencies);
+        mIpServer.start();
+        mNeighborEventConsumer = neighborCaptor.getValue();
+
+        // Starting the state machine always puts us in a consistent state and notifies
+        // the rest of the world that we've changed from an unknown to available state.
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        reset(mNetd, mCallback);
+
+        when(mRaDaemon.start()).thenReturn(true);
+    }
+
+    private void initTetheredStateMachine(int interfaceType, String upstreamIface)
+            throws Exception {
+        initTetheredStateMachine(interfaceType, upstreamIface, false,
+                DEFAULT_USING_BPF_OFFLOAD);
+    }
+
+    private void initTetheredStateMachine(int interfaceType, String upstreamIface,
+            boolean usingLegacyDhcp, boolean usingBpfOffload) throws Exception {
+        initStateMachine(interfaceType, usingLegacyDhcp, usingBpfOffload);
+        dispatchCommand(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED, STATE_TETHERED);
+        if (upstreamIface != null) {
+            LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+            lp.setInterfaceName(upstreamIface);
+            dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(upstreamIface, lp, 0);
+        }
+        reset(mNetd, mCallback, mAddressCoordinator, mBpfCoordinator);
+        when(mAddressCoordinator.requestDownstreamAddress(any(), anyBoolean())).thenReturn(
+                mTestAddress);
+    }
+
+    private void setUpDhcpServer() throws Exception {
+        doAnswer(inv -> {
+            final IDhcpServerCallbacks cb = inv.getArgument(2);
+            new Thread(() -> {
+                try {
+                    cb.onDhcpServerCreated(STATUS_SUCCESS, mDhcpServer);
+                } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                    fail(e.getMessage());
+                }
+            }).run();
+            return null;
+        }).when(mDependencies).makeDhcpServer(any(), mDhcpParamsCaptor.capture(), any());
+    }
+
+    @Before public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+        when(mSharedLog.forSubComponent(anyString())).thenReturn(mSharedLog);
+        when(mAddressCoordinator.requestDownstreamAddress(any(), anyBoolean())).thenReturn(
+                mTestAddress);
+        when(mTetherConfig.isBpfOffloadEnabled()).thenReturn(DEFAULT_USING_BPF_OFFLOAD);
+        when(mTetherConfig.useLegacyDhcpServer()).thenReturn(false /* default value */);
+
+        mBpfDeps = new BpfCoordinator.Dependencies() {
+                    @NonNull
+                    public Handler getHandler() {
+                        return new Handler(mLooper.getLooper());
+                    }
+
+                    @NonNull
+                    public INetd getNetd() {
+                        return mNetd;
+                    }
+
+                    @NonNull
+                    public NetworkStatsManager getNetworkStatsManager() {
+                        return mStatsManager;
+                    }
+
+                    @NonNull
+                    public SharedLog getSharedLog() {
+                        return mSharedLog;
+                    }
+
+                    @Nullable
+                    public TetheringConfiguration getTetherConfig() {
+                        return mTetherConfig;
+                    }
+
+                    @NonNull
+                    public ConntrackMonitor getConntrackMonitor(
+                            ConntrackMonitor.ConntrackEventConsumer consumer) {
+                        return mConntrackMonitor;
+                    }
+
+                    @Nullable
+                    public BpfMap<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> getBpfDownstream4Map() {
+                        return mBpfDownstream4Map;
+                    }
+
+                    @Nullable
+                    public BpfMap<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> getBpfUpstream4Map() {
+                        return mBpfUpstream4Map;
+                    }
+
+                    @Nullable
+                    public BpfMap<TetherDownstream6Key, Tether6Value> getBpfDownstream6Map() {
+                        return mBpfDownstream6Map;
+                    }
+
+                    @Nullable
+                    public BpfMap<TetherUpstream6Key, Tether6Value> getBpfUpstream6Map() {
+                        return mBpfUpstream6Map;
+                    }
+
+                    @Nullable
+                    public BpfMap<TetherStatsKey, TetherStatsValue> getBpfStatsMap() {
+                        return mBpfStatsMap;
+                    }
+
+                    @Nullable
+                    public BpfMap<TetherLimitKey, TetherLimitValue> getBpfLimitMap() {
+                        return mBpfLimitMap;
+                    }
+
+                    @Nullable
+                    public BpfMap<TetherDevKey, TetherDevValue> getBpfDevMap() {
+                        return mBpfDevMap;
+                    }
+                };
+        mBpfCoordinator = spy(new BpfCoordinator(mBpfDeps));
+
+        setUpDhcpServer();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void startsOutAvailable() {
+        when(mDependencies.getIpNeighborMonitor(any(), any(), any()))
+                .thenReturn(mIpNeighborMonitor);
+        mIpServer = new IpServer(IFACE_NAME, mLooper.getLooper(), TETHERING_BLUETOOTH, mSharedLog,
+                mNetd, mBpfCoordinator, mCallback, mTetherConfig, mAddressCoordinator,
+                mDependencies);
+        mIpServer.start();
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verify(mCallback).updateInterfaceState(
+                mIpServer, STATE_AVAILABLE, TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
+        verify(mCallback).updateLinkProperties(eq(mIpServer), any(LinkProperties.class));
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mCallback, mNetd);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldDoNothingUntilRequested() throws Exception {
+        initStateMachine(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH);
+        final int [] noOp_commands = {
+            IpServer.CMD_TETHER_UNREQUESTED,
+            IpServer.CMD_IP_FORWARDING_ENABLE_ERROR,
+            IpServer.CMD_IP_FORWARDING_DISABLE_ERROR,
+            IpServer.CMD_START_TETHERING_ERROR,
+            IpServer.CMD_STOP_TETHERING_ERROR,
+            IpServer.CMD_SET_DNS_FORWARDERS_ERROR,
+            IpServer.CMD_TETHER_CONNECTION_CHANGED
+        };
+        for (int command : noOp_commands) {
+            // None of these commands should trigger us to request action from
+            // the rest of the system.
+            dispatchCommand(command);
+            verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd, mCallback);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void handlesImmediateInterfaceDown() throws Exception {
+        initStateMachine(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH);
+
+        dispatchCommand(IpServer.CMD_INTERFACE_DOWN);
+        verify(mCallback).updateInterfaceState(
+                mIpServer, STATE_UNAVAILABLE, TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
+        verify(mCallback).updateLinkProperties(eq(mIpServer), any(LinkProperties.class));
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd, mCallback);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void canBeTetheredAsBluetooth() throws Exception {
+        initStateMachine(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH);
+
+        dispatchCommand(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED, STATE_TETHERED);
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mCallback, mNetd, mAddressCoordinator);
+        if (isAtLeastT()) {
+            inOrder.verify(mAddressCoordinator).requestDownstreamAddress(any(), eq(true));
+            inOrder.verify(mNetd).interfaceSetCfg(argThat(cfg ->
+                    IFACE_NAME.equals(cfg.ifName) && assertContainsFlag(cfg.flags, IF_STATE_UP)));
+        }
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).tetherInterfaceAdd(IFACE_NAME);
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).networkAddInterface(INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID, IFACE_NAME);
+        // One for ipv4 route, one for ipv6 link local route.
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd, times(2)).networkAddRoute(eq(INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID), eq(IFACE_NAME),
+                any(), any());
+        inOrder.verify(mCallback).updateInterfaceState(
+                mIpServer, STATE_TETHERED, TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
+        inOrder.verify(mCallback).updateLinkProperties(
+                eq(mIpServer), any(LinkProperties.class));
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd, mCallback);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void canUnrequestTethering() throws Exception {
+        initTetheredStateMachine(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH, null);
+
+        dispatchCommand(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_UNREQUESTED);
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mCallback, mNetd, mAddressCoordinator);
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).tetherApplyDnsInterfaces();
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).tetherInterfaceRemove(IFACE_NAME);
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).networkRemoveInterface(INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID, IFACE_NAME);
+        // One is ipv4 address clear (set to 0.0.0.0), another is set interface down which only
+        // happen after T. Before T, the interface configuration control in bluetooth side.
+        if (isAtLeastT()) {
+            inOrder.verify(mNetd).interfaceSetCfg(
+                    argThat(cfg -> assertContainsFlag(cfg.flags, IF_STATE_DOWN)));
+        }
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).interfaceSetCfg(argThat(cfg -> cfg.flags.length == 0));
+        inOrder.verify(mAddressCoordinator).releaseDownstream(any());
+        inOrder.verify(mCallback).updateInterfaceState(
+                mIpServer, STATE_AVAILABLE, TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
+        inOrder.verify(mCallback).updateLinkProperties(
+                eq(mIpServer), any(LinkProperties.class));
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd, mCallback, mAddressCoordinator);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void canBeTetheredAsUsb() throws Exception {
+        initStateMachine(TETHERING_USB);
+
+        dispatchCommand(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED, STATE_TETHERED);
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mCallback, mNetd, mAddressCoordinator);
+        inOrder.verify(mAddressCoordinator).requestDownstreamAddress(any(), eq(true));
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).interfaceSetCfg(argThat(cfg ->
+                IFACE_NAME.equals(cfg.ifName) && assertContainsFlag(cfg.flags, IF_STATE_UP)));
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).tetherInterfaceAdd(IFACE_NAME);
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).networkAddInterface(INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID, IFACE_NAME);
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd, times(2)).networkAddRoute(eq(INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID), eq(IFACE_NAME),
+                any(), any());
+        inOrder.verify(mCallback).updateInterfaceState(
+                mIpServer, STATE_TETHERED, TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
+        inOrder.verify(mCallback).updateLinkProperties(
+                eq(mIpServer), mLinkPropertiesCaptor.capture());
+        assertIPv4AddressAndDirectlyConnectedRoute(mLinkPropertiesCaptor.getValue());
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd, mCallback, mAddressCoordinator);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void canBeTetheredAsWifiP2p() throws Exception {
+        initStateMachine(TETHERING_WIFI_P2P);
+
+        dispatchCommand(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED, STATE_LOCAL_ONLY);
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mCallback, mNetd, mAddressCoordinator);
+        inOrder.verify(mAddressCoordinator).requestDownstreamAddress(any(), eq(true));
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).interfaceSetCfg(argThat(cfg ->
+                  IFACE_NAME.equals(cfg.ifName) && assertNotContainsFlag(cfg.flags, IF_STATE_UP)));
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).tetherInterfaceAdd(IFACE_NAME);
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).networkAddInterface(INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID, IFACE_NAME);
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd, times(2)).networkAddRoute(eq(INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID), eq(IFACE_NAME),
+                any(), any());
+        inOrder.verify(mCallback).updateInterfaceState(
+                mIpServer, STATE_LOCAL_ONLY, TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
+        inOrder.verify(mCallback).updateLinkProperties(
+                eq(mIpServer), mLinkPropertiesCaptor.capture());
+        assertIPv4AddressAndDirectlyConnectedRoute(mLinkPropertiesCaptor.getValue());
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd, mCallback, mAddressCoordinator);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void handlesFirstUpstreamChange() throws Exception {
+        initTetheredStateMachine(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH, null);
+
+        // Telling the state machine about its upstream interface triggers
+        // a little more configuration.
+        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mNetd, mBpfCoordinator);
+
+        // Add the forwarding pair <IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE>.
+        inOrder.verify(mBpfCoordinator).addUpstreamNameToLookupTable(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX,
+                UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+        inOrder.verify(mBpfCoordinator).maybeAttachProgram(IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).tetherAddForward(IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).ipfwdAddInterfaceForward(IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd, mCallback, mBpfCoordinator);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void handlesChangingUpstream() throws Exception {
+        initTetheredStateMachine(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH, UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+
+        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(UPSTREAM_IFACE2);
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mNetd, mBpfCoordinator);
+
+        // Remove the forwarding pair <IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE>.
+        inOrder.verify(mBpfCoordinator).maybeDetachProgram(IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).ipfwdRemoveInterfaceForward(IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).tetherRemoveForward(IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+
+        // Add the forwarding pair <IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE2>.
+        inOrder.verify(mBpfCoordinator).addUpstreamNameToLookupTable(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX2,
+                UPSTREAM_IFACE2);
+        inOrder.verify(mBpfCoordinator).maybeAttachProgram(IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE2);
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).tetherAddForward(IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE2);
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).ipfwdAddInterfaceForward(IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE2);
+
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd, mCallback, mBpfCoordinator);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void handlesChangingUpstreamNatFailure() throws Exception {
+        initTetheredStateMachine(TETHERING_WIFI, UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+
+        doThrow(RemoteException.class).when(mNetd).tetherAddForward(IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE2);
+
+        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(UPSTREAM_IFACE2);
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mNetd, mBpfCoordinator);
+
+        // Remove the forwarding pair <IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE>.
+        inOrder.verify(mBpfCoordinator).maybeDetachProgram(IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).ipfwdRemoveInterfaceForward(IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).tetherRemoveForward(IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+
+        // Add the forwarding pair <IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE2> and expect that failed on
+        // tetherAddForward.
+        inOrder.verify(mBpfCoordinator).addUpstreamNameToLookupTable(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX2,
+                UPSTREAM_IFACE2);
+        inOrder.verify(mBpfCoordinator).maybeAttachProgram(IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE2);
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).tetherAddForward(IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE2);
+
+        // Remove the forwarding pair <IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE2> to fallback.
+        inOrder.verify(mBpfCoordinator).maybeDetachProgram(IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE2);
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).ipfwdRemoveInterfaceForward(IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE2);
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).tetherRemoveForward(IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void handlesChangingUpstreamInterfaceForwardingFailure() throws Exception {
+        initTetheredStateMachine(TETHERING_WIFI, UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+
+        doThrow(RemoteException.class).when(mNetd).ipfwdAddInterfaceForward(
+                IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE2);
+
+        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(UPSTREAM_IFACE2);
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mNetd, mBpfCoordinator);
+
+        // Remove the forwarding pair <IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE>.
+        inOrder.verify(mBpfCoordinator).maybeDetachProgram(IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).ipfwdRemoveInterfaceForward(IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).tetherRemoveForward(IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+
+        // Add the forwarding pair <IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE2> and expect that failed on
+        // ipfwdAddInterfaceForward.
+        inOrder.verify(mBpfCoordinator).addUpstreamNameToLookupTable(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX2,
+                UPSTREAM_IFACE2);
+        inOrder.verify(mBpfCoordinator).maybeAttachProgram(IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE2);
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).tetherAddForward(IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE2);
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).ipfwdAddInterfaceForward(IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE2);
+
+        // Remove the forwarding pair <IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE2> to fallback.
+        inOrder.verify(mBpfCoordinator).maybeDetachProgram(IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE2);
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).ipfwdRemoveInterfaceForward(IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE2);
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).tetherRemoveForward(IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void canUnrequestTetheringWithUpstream() throws Exception {
+        initTetheredStateMachine(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH, UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+
+        dispatchCommand(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_UNREQUESTED);
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mNetd, mCallback, mAddressCoordinator, mBpfCoordinator);
+        inOrder.verify(mBpfCoordinator).maybeDetachProgram(IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).ipfwdRemoveInterfaceForward(IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).tetherRemoveForward(IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+        inOrder.verify(mBpfCoordinator).tetherOffloadRuleClear(mIpServer);
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).tetherApplyDnsInterfaces();
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).tetherInterfaceRemove(IFACE_NAME);
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).networkRemoveInterface(INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID, IFACE_NAME);
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd, times(isAtLeastT() ? 2 : 1)).interfaceSetCfg(
+                argThat(cfg -> IFACE_NAME.equals(cfg.ifName)));
+        inOrder.verify(mAddressCoordinator).releaseDownstream(any());
+        inOrder.verify(mBpfCoordinator).tetherOffloadClientClear(mIpServer);
+        inOrder.verify(mBpfCoordinator).stopMonitoring(mIpServer);
+        inOrder.verify(mCallback).updateInterfaceState(
+                mIpServer, STATE_AVAILABLE, TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
+        inOrder.verify(mCallback).updateLinkProperties(
+                eq(mIpServer), any(LinkProperties.class));
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd, mCallback, mAddressCoordinator, mBpfCoordinator);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void interfaceDownLeadsToUnavailable() throws Exception {
+        for (boolean shouldThrow : new boolean[]{true, false}) {
+            initTetheredStateMachine(TETHERING_USB, null);
+
+            if (shouldThrow) {
+                doThrow(RemoteException.class).when(mNetd).tetherInterfaceRemove(IFACE_NAME);
+            }
+            dispatchCommand(IpServer.CMD_INTERFACE_DOWN);
+            InOrder usbTeardownOrder = inOrder(mNetd, mCallback);
+            // Currently IpServer interfaceSetCfg twice to stop IPv4. One just set interface down
+            // Another one is set IPv4 to 0.0.0.0/0 as clearng ipv4 address.
+            usbTeardownOrder.verify(mNetd, times(2)).interfaceSetCfg(
+                    argThat(cfg -> IFACE_NAME.equals(cfg.ifName)));
+            usbTeardownOrder.verify(mCallback).updateInterfaceState(
+                    mIpServer, STATE_UNAVAILABLE, TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
+            usbTeardownOrder.verify(mCallback).updateLinkProperties(
+                    eq(mIpServer), mLinkPropertiesCaptor.capture());
+            assertNoAddressesNorRoutes(mLinkPropertiesCaptor.getValue());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void usbShouldBeTornDownOnTetherError() throws Exception {
+        initStateMachine(TETHERING_USB);
+
+        doThrow(RemoteException.class).when(mNetd).tetherInterfaceAdd(IFACE_NAME);
+        dispatchCommand(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED, STATE_TETHERED);
+        InOrder usbTeardownOrder = inOrder(mNetd, mCallback);
+        usbTeardownOrder.verify(mNetd).interfaceSetCfg(
+                argThat(cfg -> IFACE_NAME.equals(cfg.ifName)));
+        usbTeardownOrder.verify(mNetd).tetherInterfaceAdd(IFACE_NAME);
+
+        usbTeardownOrder.verify(mNetd, times(2)).interfaceSetCfg(
+                argThat(cfg -> IFACE_NAME.equals(cfg.ifName)));
+        usbTeardownOrder.verify(mCallback).updateInterfaceState(
+                mIpServer, STATE_AVAILABLE, TETHER_ERROR_TETHER_IFACE_ERROR);
+        usbTeardownOrder.verify(mCallback).updateLinkProperties(
+                eq(mIpServer), mLinkPropertiesCaptor.capture());
+        assertNoAddressesNorRoutes(mLinkPropertiesCaptor.getValue());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldTearDownUsbOnUpstreamError() throws Exception {
+        initTetheredStateMachine(TETHERING_USB, null);
+
+        doThrow(RemoteException.class).when(mNetd).tetherAddForward(anyString(), anyString());
+        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+        InOrder usbTeardownOrder = inOrder(mNetd, mCallback);
+        usbTeardownOrder.verify(mNetd).tetherAddForward(IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+
+        usbTeardownOrder.verify(mNetd, times(2)).interfaceSetCfg(
+                argThat(cfg -> IFACE_NAME.equals(cfg.ifName)));
+        usbTeardownOrder.verify(mCallback).updateInterfaceState(
+                mIpServer, STATE_AVAILABLE, TETHER_ERROR_ENABLE_FORWARDING_ERROR);
+        usbTeardownOrder.verify(mCallback).updateLinkProperties(
+                eq(mIpServer), mLinkPropertiesCaptor.capture());
+        assertNoAddressesNorRoutes(mLinkPropertiesCaptor.getValue());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void ignoresDuplicateUpstreamNotifications() throws Exception {
+        initTetheredStateMachine(TETHERING_WIFI, UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd, mCallback);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+            dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+            verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd, mCallback);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void startsDhcpServer() throws Exception {
+        initTetheredStateMachine(TETHERING_WIFI, UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+
+        assertDhcpStarted(PrefixUtils.asIpPrefix(mTestAddress));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void startsDhcpServerOnBluetooth() throws Exception {
+        initTetheredStateMachine(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH, UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+
+        if (isAtLeastT()) {
+            assertDhcpStarted(PrefixUtils.asIpPrefix(mTestAddress));
+        } else {
+            assertDhcpStarted(mBluetoothPrefix);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void startsDhcpServerOnWifiP2p() throws Exception {
+        initTetheredStateMachine(TETHERING_WIFI_P2P, UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+
+        assertDhcpStarted(PrefixUtils.asIpPrefix(mTestAddress));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void startsDhcpServerOnNcm() throws Exception {
+        initStateMachine(TETHERING_NCM);
+        dispatchCommand(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED, STATE_LOCAL_ONLY);
+        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+
+        assertDhcpStarted(new IpPrefix("192.168.42.0/24"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOnNewPrefixRequest() throws Exception {
+        initStateMachine(TETHERING_NCM);
+        dispatchCommand(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED, STATE_LOCAL_ONLY);
+
+        final IDhcpEventCallbacks eventCallbacks;
+        final ArgumentCaptor<IDhcpEventCallbacks> dhcpEventCbsCaptor =
+                 ArgumentCaptor.forClass(IDhcpEventCallbacks.class);
+        verify(mDhcpServer, timeout(MAKE_DHCPSERVER_TIMEOUT_MS).times(1)).startWithCallbacks(
+                any(), dhcpEventCbsCaptor.capture());
+        eventCallbacks = dhcpEventCbsCaptor.getValue();
+        assertDhcpStarted(new IpPrefix("192.168.42.0/24"));
+
+        final ArgumentCaptor<LinkProperties> lpCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(LinkProperties.class);
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mNetd, mCallback, mAddressCoordinator);
+        inOrder.verify(mAddressCoordinator).requestDownstreamAddress(any(), eq(true));
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).networkAddInterface(INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID, IFACE_NAME);
+        // One for ipv4 route, one for ipv6 link local route.
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd, times(2)).networkAddRoute(eq(INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID), eq(IFACE_NAME),
+                any(), any());
+        inOrder.verify(mCallback).updateInterfaceState(
+                mIpServer, STATE_LOCAL_ONLY, TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
+        inOrder.verify(mCallback).updateLinkProperties(eq(mIpServer), lpCaptor.capture());
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mCallback, mAddressCoordinator);
+
+        // Simulate the DHCP server receives DHCPDECLINE on MirrorLink and then signals
+        // onNewPrefixRequest callback.
+        final LinkAddress newAddress = new LinkAddress("192.168.100.125/24");
+        when(mAddressCoordinator.requestDownstreamAddress(any(), anyBoolean())).thenReturn(
+                newAddress);
+        eventCallbacks.onNewPrefixRequest(new IpPrefix("192.168.42.0/24"));
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        inOrder.verify(mAddressCoordinator).requestDownstreamAddress(any(), eq(false));
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).tetherApplyDnsInterfaces();
+        inOrder.verify(mCallback).updateLinkProperties(eq(mIpServer), lpCaptor.capture());
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mCallback);
+
+        final LinkProperties linkProperties = lpCaptor.getValue();
+        final List<LinkAddress> linkAddresses = linkProperties.getLinkAddresses();
+        assertEquals(1, linkProperties.getLinkAddresses().size());
+        assertEquals(1, linkProperties.getRoutes().size());
+        final IpPrefix prefix = new IpPrefix(linkAddresses.get(0).getAddress(),
+                linkAddresses.get(0).getPrefixLength());
+        assertNotEquals(prefix, new IpPrefix("192.168.42.0/24"));
+
+        verify(mDhcpServer).updateParams(mDhcpParamsCaptor.capture(), any());
+        assertDhcpServingParams(mDhcpParamsCaptor.getValue(), prefix);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void doesNotStartDhcpServerIfDisabled() throws Exception {
+        initTetheredStateMachine(TETHERING_WIFI, UPSTREAM_IFACE, true /* usingLegacyDhcp */,
+                DEFAULT_USING_BPF_OFFLOAD);
+        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+
+        verify(mDependencies, never()).makeDhcpServer(any(), any(), any());
+    }
+
+    private InetAddress addr(String addr) throws Exception {
+        return InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(addr);
+    }
+
+    private void recvNewNeigh(int ifindex, InetAddress addr, short nudState, MacAddress mac) {
+        mNeighborEventConsumer.accept(new NeighborEvent(0, RTM_NEWNEIGH, ifindex, addr,
+                nudState, mac));
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+    }
+
+    private void recvDelNeigh(int ifindex, InetAddress addr, short nudState, MacAddress mac) {
+        mNeighborEventConsumer.accept(new NeighborEvent(0, RTM_DELNEIGH, ifindex, addr,
+                nudState, mac));
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Custom ArgumentMatcher for TetherOffloadRuleParcel. This is needed because generated stable
+     * AIDL classes don't have equals(), so we cannot just use eq(). A custom assert, such as:
+     *
+     * private void checkFooCalled(StableParcelable p, ...) {
+     *     ArgumentCaptor<FooParam> captor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(FooParam.class);
+     *     verify(mMock).foo(captor.capture());
+     *     Foo foo = captor.getValue();
+     *     assertFooMatchesExpectations(foo);
+     * }
+     *
+     * almost works, but not quite. This is because if the code under test calls foo() twice, the
+     * first call to checkFooCalled() matches both the calls, putting both calls into the captor,
+     * and then fails with TooManyActualInvocations. It also makes it harder to use other mockito
+     * features such as never(), inOrder(), etc.
+     *
+     * This approach isn't great because if the match fails, the error message is unhelpful
+     * (actual: "android.net.TetherOffloadRuleParcel@8c827b0" or some such), but at least it does
+     * work.
+     *
+     * TODO: consider making the error message more readable by adding a method that catching the
+     * AssertionFailedError and throwing a new assertion with more details. See
+     * NetworkMonitorTest#verifyNetworkTested.
+     *
+     * See ConnectivityServiceTest#assertRoutesAdded for an alternative approach which solves the
+     * TooManyActualInvocations problem described above by forcing the caller of the custom assert
+     * method to specify all expected invocations in one call. This is useful when the stable
+     * parcelable class being asserted on has a corresponding Java object (eg., RouteInfo and
+     * RouteInfoParcelable), and the caller can just pass in a list of them. It not useful here
+     * because there is no such object.
+     */
+    private static class TetherOffloadRuleParcelMatcher implements
+            ArgumentMatcher<TetherOffloadRuleParcel> {
+        public final int upstreamIfindex;
+        public final InetAddress dst;
+        public final MacAddress dstMac;
+
+        TetherOffloadRuleParcelMatcher(int upstreamIfindex, InetAddress dst, MacAddress dstMac) {
+            this.upstreamIfindex = upstreamIfindex;
+            this.dst = dst;
+            this.dstMac = dstMac;
+        }
+
+        public boolean matches(TetherOffloadRuleParcel parcel) {
+            return upstreamIfindex == parcel.inputInterfaceIndex
+                    && (TEST_IFACE_PARAMS.index == parcel.outputInterfaceIndex)
+                    && Arrays.equals(dst.getAddress(), parcel.destination)
+                    && (128 == parcel.prefixLength)
+                    && Arrays.equals(TEST_IFACE_PARAMS.macAddr.toByteArray(), parcel.srcL2Address)
+                    && Arrays.equals(dstMac.toByteArray(), parcel.dstL2Address);
+        }
+
+        public String toString() {
+            return String.format("TetherOffloadRuleParcelMatcher(%d, %s, %s",
+                    upstreamIfindex, dst.getHostAddress(), dstMac);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    private static TetherOffloadRuleParcel matches(
+            int upstreamIfindex, InetAddress dst, MacAddress dstMac) {
+        return argThat(new TetherOffloadRuleParcelMatcher(upstreamIfindex, dst, dstMac));
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    private static Ipv6ForwardingRule makeForwardingRule(
+            int upstreamIfindex, @NonNull InetAddress dst, @NonNull MacAddress dstMac) {
+        return new Ipv6ForwardingRule(upstreamIfindex, TEST_IFACE_PARAMS.index,
+                (Inet6Address) dst, TEST_IFACE_PARAMS.macAddr, dstMac);
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    private static TetherDownstream6Key makeDownstream6Key(int upstreamIfindex,
+            @NonNull MacAddress upstreamMac, @NonNull final InetAddress dst) {
+        return new TetherDownstream6Key(upstreamIfindex, upstreamMac, dst.getAddress());
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    private static Tether6Value makeDownstream6Value(@NonNull final MacAddress dstMac) {
+        return new Tether6Value(TEST_IFACE_PARAMS.index, dstMac,
+                TEST_IFACE_PARAMS.macAddr, ETH_P_IPV6, NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_MTU);
+    }
+
+    private <T> T verifyWithOrder(@Nullable InOrder inOrder, @NonNull T t) {
+        if (inOrder != null) {
+            return inOrder.verify(t);
+        } else {
+            return verify(t);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void verifyTetherOffloadRuleAdd(@Nullable InOrder inOrder, int upstreamIfindex,
+            @NonNull MacAddress upstreamMac, @NonNull final InetAddress dst,
+            @NonNull final MacAddress dstMac) throws Exception {
+        if (mBpfDeps.isAtLeastS()) {
+            verifyWithOrder(inOrder, mBpfDownstream6Map).updateEntry(
+                    makeDownstream6Key(upstreamIfindex, upstreamMac, dst),
+                    makeDownstream6Value(dstMac));
+        } else {
+            verifyWithOrder(inOrder, mNetd).tetherOffloadRuleAdd(matches(upstreamIfindex, dst,
+                    dstMac));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void verifyNeverTetherOffloadRuleAdd(int upstreamIfindex,
+            @NonNull MacAddress upstreamMac, @NonNull final InetAddress dst,
+            @NonNull final MacAddress dstMac) throws Exception {
+        if (mBpfDeps.isAtLeastS()) {
+            verify(mBpfDownstream6Map, never()).updateEntry(
+                    makeDownstream6Key(upstreamIfindex, upstreamMac, dst),
+                    makeDownstream6Value(dstMac));
+        } else {
+            verify(mNetd, never()).tetherOffloadRuleAdd(matches(upstreamIfindex, dst, dstMac));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void verifyNeverTetherOffloadRuleAdd() throws Exception {
+        if (mBpfDeps.isAtLeastS()) {
+            verify(mBpfDownstream6Map, never()).updateEntry(any(), any());
+        } else {
+            verify(mNetd, never()).tetherOffloadRuleAdd(any());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void verifyTetherOffloadRuleRemove(@Nullable InOrder inOrder, int upstreamIfindex,
+            @NonNull MacAddress upstreamMac, @NonNull final InetAddress dst,
+            @NonNull final MacAddress dstMac) throws Exception {
+        if (mBpfDeps.isAtLeastS()) {
+            verifyWithOrder(inOrder, mBpfDownstream6Map).deleteEntry(makeDownstream6Key(
+                    upstreamIfindex, upstreamMac, dst));
+        } else {
+            // |dstMac| is not required for deleting rules. Used bacause tetherOffloadRuleRemove
+            // uses a whole rule to be a argument.
+            // See system/netd/server/TetherController.cpp/TetherController#removeOffloadRule.
+            verifyWithOrder(inOrder, mNetd).tetherOffloadRuleRemove(matches(upstreamIfindex, dst,
+                    dstMac));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void verifyNeverTetherOffloadRuleRemove() throws Exception {
+        if (mBpfDeps.isAtLeastS()) {
+            verify(mBpfDownstream6Map, never()).deleteEntry(any());
+        } else {
+            verify(mNetd, never()).tetherOffloadRuleRemove(any());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void verifyStartUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(@Nullable InOrder inOrder, int upstreamIfindex)
+            throws Exception {
+        if (!mBpfDeps.isAtLeastS()) return;
+        final TetherUpstream6Key key = new TetherUpstream6Key(TEST_IFACE_PARAMS.index,
+                TEST_IFACE_PARAMS.macAddr);
+        final Tether6Value value = new Tether6Value(upstreamIfindex,
+                MacAddress.ALL_ZEROS_ADDRESS, MacAddress.ALL_ZEROS_ADDRESS,
+                ETH_P_IPV6, NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_MTU);
+        verifyWithOrder(inOrder, mBpfUpstream6Map).insertEntry(key, value);
+    }
+
+    private void verifyStopUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(@Nullable InOrder inOrder)
+            throws Exception {
+        if (!mBpfDeps.isAtLeastS()) return;
+        final TetherUpstream6Key key = new TetherUpstream6Key(TEST_IFACE_PARAMS.index,
+                TEST_IFACE_PARAMS.macAddr);
+        verifyWithOrder(inOrder, mBpfUpstream6Map).deleteEntry(key);
+    }
+
+    private void verifyNoUpstreamIpv6ForwardingChange(@Nullable InOrder inOrder) throws Exception {
+        if (!mBpfDeps.isAtLeastS()) return;
+        if (inOrder != null) {
+            inOrder.verify(mBpfUpstream6Map, never()).deleteEntry(any());
+            inOrder.verify(mBpfUpstream6Map, never()).insertEntry(any(), any());
+            inOrder.verify(mBpfUpstream6Map, never()).updateEntry(any(), any());
+        } else {
+            verify(mBpfUpstream6Map, never()).deleteEntry(any());
+            verify(mBpfUpstream6Map, never()).insertEntry(any(), any());
+            verify(mBpfUpstream6Map, never()).updateEntry(any(), any());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    private static TetherStatsParcel buildEmptyTetherStatsParcel(int ifIndex) {
+        TetherStatsParcel parcel = new TetherStatsParcel();
+        parcel.ifIndex = ifIndex;
+        return parcel;
+    }
+
+    private void resetNetdBpfMapAndCoordinator() throws Exception {
+        reset(mNetd, mBpfDownstream6Map, mBpfUpstream6Map, mBpfCoordinator);
+        // When the last rule is removed, tetherOffloadGetAndClearStats will log a WTF (and
+        // potentially crash the test) if the stats map is empty.
+        when(mNetd.tetherOffloadGetStats()).thenReturn(new TetherStatsParcel[0]);
+        when(mNetd.tetherOffloadGetAndClearStats(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX))
+                .thenReturn(buildEmptyTetherStatsParcel(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX));
+        when(mNetd.tetherOffloadGetAndClearStats(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX2))
+                .thenReturn(buildEmptyTetherStatsParcel(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX2));
+        // When the last rule is removed, tetherOffloadGetAndClearStats will log a WTF (and
+        // potentially crash the test) if the stats map is empty.
+        final TetherStatsValue allZeros = new TetherStatsValue(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+        when(mBpfStatsMap.getValue(new TetherStatsKey(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX))).thenReturn(allZeros);
+        when(mBpfStatsMap.getValue(new TetherStatsKey(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX2))).thenReturn(allZeros);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void addRemoveipv6ForwardingRules() throws Exception {
+        initTetheredStateMachine(TETHERING_WIFI, UPSTREAM_IFACE, false /* usingLegacyDhcp */,
+                DEFAULT_USING_BPF_OFFLOAD);
+
+        final int myIfindex = TEST_IFACE_PARAMS.index;
+        final int notMyIfindex = myIfindex - 1;
+
+        final InetAddress neighA = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1");
+        final InetAddress neighB = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::2");
+        final InetAddress neighLL = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("fe80::1");
+        final InetAddress neighMC = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("ff02::1234");
+        final MacAddress macNull = MacAddress.fromString("00:00:00:00:00:00");
+        final MacAddress macA = MacAddress.fromString("00:00:00:00:00:0a");
+        final MacAddress macB = MacAddress.fromString("11:22:33:00:00:0b");
+
+        resetNetdBpfMapAndCoordinator();
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mBpfCoordinator, mNetd, mBpfDownstream6Map, mBpfUpstream6Map);
+
+        // TODO: Perhaps verify the interaction of tetherOffloadSetInterfaceQuota and
+        // tetherOffloadGetAndClearStats in netd while the rules are changed.
+
+        // Events on other interfaces are ignored.
+        recvNewNeigh(notMyIfindex, neighA, NUD_REACHABLE, macA);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mBpfCoordinator, mNetd, mBpfDownstream6Map, mBpfUpstream6Map);
+
+        // Events on this interface are received and sent to netd.
+        recvNewNeigh(myIfindex, neighA, NUD_REACHABLE, macA);
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator).tetherOffloadRuleAdd(
+                mIpServer, makeForwardingRule(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, neighA, macA));
+        verifyTetherOffloadRuleAdd(null,
+                UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS.macAddr, neighA, macA);
+        verifyStartUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(null, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX);
+        resetNetdBpfMapAndCoordinator();
+
+        recvNewNeigh(myIfindex, neighB, NUD_REACHABLE, macB);
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator).tetherOffloadRuleAdd(
+                mIpServer, makeForwardingRule(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, neighB, macB));
+        verifyTetherOffloadRuleAdd(null,
+                UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS.macAddr, neighB, macB);
+        verifyNoUpstreamIpv6ForwardingChange(null);
+        resetNetdBpfMapAndCoordinator();
+
+        // Link-local and multicast neighbors are ignored.
+        recvNewNeigh(myIfindex, neighLL, NUD_REACHABLE, macA);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mBpfCoordinator, mNetd, mBpfDownstream6Map, mBpfUpstream6Map);
+        recvNewNeigh(myIfindex, neighMC, NUD_REACHABLE, macA);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mBpfCoordinator, mNetd, mBpfDownstream6Map, mBpfUpstream6Map);
+
+        // A neighbor that is no longer valid causes the rule to be removed.
+        // NUD_FAILED events do not have a MAC address.
+        recvNewNeigh(myIfindex, neighA, NUD_FAILED, null);
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator).tetherOffloadRuleRemove(
+                mIpServer, makeForwardingRule(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, neighA, macNull));
+        verifyTetherOffloadRuleRemove(null,
+                UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS.macAddr, neighA, macNull);
+        verifyNoUpstreamIpv6ForwardingChange(null);
+        resetNetdBpfMapAndCoordinator();
+
+        // A neighbor that is deleted causes the rule to be removed.
+        recvDelNeigh(myIfindex, neighB, NUD_STALE, macB);
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator).tetherOffloadRuleRemove(
+                mIpServer,  makeForwardingRule(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, neighB, macNull));
+        verifyTetherOffloadRuleRemove(null,
+                UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS.macAddr, neighB, macNull);
+        verifyStopUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(null);
+        resetNetdBpfMapAndCoordinator();
+
+        // Upstream changes result in updating the rules.
+        recvNewNeigh(myIfindex, neighA, NUD_REACHABLE, macA);
+        verifyStartUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(null, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX);
+        recvNewNeigh(myIfindex, neighB, NUD_REACHABLE, macB);
+        resetNetdBpfMapAndCoordinator();
+
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mNetd, mBpfDownstream6Map, mBpfUpstream6Map);
+        LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.setInterfaceName(UPSTREAM_IFACE2);
+        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(UPSTREAM_IFACE2, lp, -1);
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator).tetherOffloadRuleUpdate(mIpServer, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX2);
+        verifyTetherOffloadRuleRemove(inOrder,
+                UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS.macAddr, neighA, macA);
+        verifyTetherOffloadRuleRemove(inOrder,
+                UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS.macAddr, neighB, macB);
+        verifyStopUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(inOrder);
+        verifyTetherOffloadRuleAdd(inOrder,
+                UPSTREAM_IFINDEX2, UPSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS2.macAddr, neighA, macA);
+        verifyStartUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(inOrder, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX2);
+        verifyTetherOffloadRuleAdd(inOrder,
+                UPSTREAM_IFINDEX2, UPSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS2.macAddr, neighB, macB);
+        verifyNoUpstreamIpv6ForwardingChange(inOrder);
+        resetNetdBpfMapAndCoordinator();
+
+        // When the upstream is lost, rules are removed.
+        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(null, null, 0);
+        // Clear function is called two times by:
+        // - processMessage CMD_TETHER_CONNECTION_CHANGED for the upstream is lost.
+        // - processMessage CMD_IPV6_TETHER_UPDATE for the IPv6 upstream is lost.
+        // See dispatchTetherConnectionChanged.
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator, times(2)).tetherOffloadRuleClear(mIpServer);
+        verifyTetherOffloadRuleRemove(null,
+                UPSTREAM_IFINDEX2, UPSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS2.macAddr, neighA, macA);
+        verifyTetherOffloadRuleRemove(null,
+                UPSTREAM_IFINDEX2, UPSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS2.macAddr, neighB, macB);
+        verifyStopUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(inOrder);
+        resetNetdBpfMapAndCoordinator();
+
+        // If the upstream is IPv4-only, no rules are added.
+        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+        resetNetdBpfMapAndCoordinator();
+        recvNewNeigh(myIfindex, neighA, NUD_REACHABLE, macA);
+        // Clear function is called by #updateIpv6ForwardingRules for the IPv6 upstream is lost.
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator).tetherOffloadRuleClear(mIpServer);
+        verifyNoUpstreamIpv6ForwardingChange(null);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mBpfCoordinator, mNetd, mBpfDownstream6Map, mBpfUpstream6Map);
+
+        // Rules can be added again once upstream IPv6 connectivity is available.
+        lp.setInterfaceName(UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(UPSTREAM_IFACE, lp, -1);
+        recvNewNeigh(myIfindex, neighB, NUD_REACHABLE, macB);
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator).tetherOffloadRuleAdd(
+                mIpServer, makeForwardingRule(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, neighB, macB));
+        verifyTetherOffloadRuleAdd(null,
+                UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS.macAddr, neighB, macB);
+        verifyStartUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(null, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX);
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator, never()).tetherOffloadRuleAdd(
+                mIpServer, makeForwardingRule(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, neighA, macA));
+        verifyNeverTetherOffloadRuleAdd(
+                UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS.macAddr, neighA, macA);
+
+        // If upstream IPv6 connectivity is lost, rules are removed.
+        resetNetdBpfMapAndCoordinator();
+        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(UPSTREAM_IFACE, null, 0);
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator).tetherOffloadRuleClear(mIpServer);
+        verifyTetherOffloadRuleRemove(null,
+                UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS.macAddr, neighB, macB);
+        verifyStopUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(null);
+
+        // When the interface goes down, rules are removed.
+        lp.setInterfaceName(UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(UPSTREAM_IFACE, lp, -1);
+        recvNewNeigh(myIfindex, neighA, NUD_REACHABLE, macA);
+        recvNewNeigh(myIfindex, neighB, NUD_REACHABLE, macB);
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator).tetherOffloadRuleAdd(
+                mIpServer, makeForwardingRule(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, neighA, macA));
+        verifyTetherOffloadRuleAdd(null,
+                UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS.macAddr, neighA, macA);
+        verifyStartUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(null, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX);
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator).tetherOffloadRuleAdd(
+                mIpServer, makeForwardingRule(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, neighB, macB));
+        verifyTetherOffloadRuleAdd(null,
+                UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS.macAddr, neighB, macB);
+        resetNetdBpfMapAndCoordinator();
+
+        mIpServer.stop();
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator).tetherOffloadRuleClear(mIpServer);
+        verifyTetherOffloadRuleRemove(null,
+                UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS.macAddr, neighA, macA);
+        verifyTetherOffloadRuleRemove(null,
+                UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS.macAddr, neighB, macB);
+        verifyStopUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(null);
+        verify(mIpNeighborMonitor).stop();
+        resetNetdBpfMapAndCoordinator();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void enableDisableUsingBpfOffload() throws Exception {
+        final int myIfindex = TEST_IFACE_PARAMS.index;
+        final InetAddress neigh = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1");
+        final MacAddress macA = MacAddress.fromString("00:00:00:00:00:0a");
+        final MacAddress macNull = MacAddress.fromString("00:00:00:00:00:00");
+
+        // Expect that rules can be only added/removed when the BPF offload config is enabled.
+        // Note that the BPF offload disabled case is not a realistic test case. Because IP
+        // neighbor monitor doesn't start if BPF offload is disabled, there should have no
+        // neighbor event listening. This is used for testing the protection check just in case.
+        // TODO: Perhaps remove the BPF offload disabled case test once this check isn't needed
+        // anymore.
+
+        // [1] Enable BPF offload.
+        // A neighbor that is added or deleted causes the rule to be added or removed.
+        initTetheredStateMachine(TETHERING_WIFI, UPSTREAM_IFACE, false /* usingLegacyDhcp */,
+                true /* usingBpfOffload */);
+        resetNetdBpfMapAndCoordinator();
+
+        recvNewNeigh(myIfindex, neigh, NUD_REACHABLE, macA);
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator).tetherOffloadRuleAdd(
+                mIpServer, makeForwardingRule(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, neigh, macA));
+        verifyTetherOffloadRuleAdd(null,
+                UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS.macAddr, neigh, macA);
+        verifyStartUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(null, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX);
+        resetNetdBpfMapAndCoordinator();
+
+        recvDelNeigh(myIfindex, neigh, NUD_STALE, macA);
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator).tetherOffloadRuleRemove(
+                mIpServer, makeForwardingRule(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, neigh, macNull));
+        verifyTetherOffloadRuleRemove(null,
+                UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS.macAddr, neigh, macNull);
+        verifyStopUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(null);
+        resetNetdBpfMapAndCoordinator();
+
+        // [2] Disable BPF offload.
+        // A neighbor that is added or deleted doesn’t cause the rule to be added or removed.
+        initTetheredStateMachine(TETHERING_WIFI, UPSTREAM_IFACE, false /* usingLegacyDhcp */,
+                false /* usingBpfOffload */);
+        resetNetdBpfMapAndCoordinator();
+
+        recvNewNeigh(myIfindex, neigh, NUD_REACHABLE, macA);
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator, never()).tetherOffloadRuleAdd(any(), any());
+        verifyNeverTetherOffloadRuleAdd();
+        verifyNoUpstreamIpv6ForwardingChange(null);
+        resetNetdBpfMapAndCoordinator();
+
+        recvDelNeigh(myIfindex, neigh, NUD_STALE, macA);
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator, never()).tetherOffloadRuleRemove(any(), any());
+        verifyNeverTetherOffloadRuleRemove();
+        verifyNoUpstreamIpv6ForwardingChange(null);
+        resetNetdBpfMapAndCoordinator();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void doesNotStartIpNeighborMonitorIfBpfOffloadDisabled() throws Exception {
+        initTetheredStateMachine(TETHERING_WIFI, UPSTREAM_IFACE, false /* usingLegacyDhcp */,
+                false /* usingBpfOffload */);
+
+        // IP neighbor monitor doesn't start if BPF offload is disabled.
+        verify(mIpNeighborMonitor, never()).start();
+    }
+
+    private LinkProperties buildIpv6OnlyLinkProperties(final String iface) {
+        final LinkProperties linkProp = new LinkProperties();
+        linkProp.setInterfaceName(iface);
+        linkProp.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("2001:db8::1/64"));
+        linkProp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix("::/0"), null, iface, RTN_UNICAST));
+        final InetAddress dns = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:4860:4860::8888");
+        linkProp.addDnsServer(dns);
+
+        return linkProp;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAdjustTtlValue() throws Exception {
+        final ArgumentCaptor<RaParams> raParamsCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(RaParams.class);
+        initTetheredStateMachine(TETHERING_WIFI, UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+        verify(mRaDaemon).buildNewRa(any(), raParamsCaptor.capture());
+        final RaParams noV6Params = raParamsCaptor.getValue();
+        assertEquals(65, noV6Params.hopLimit);
+        reset(mRaDaemon);
+
+        when(mNetd.getProcSysNet(
+                INetd.IPV6, INetd.CONF, UPSTREAM_IFACE, "hop_limit")).thenReturn("64");
+        final LinkProperties lp = buildIpv6OnlyLinkProperties(UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(UPSTREAM_IFACE, lp, 1);
+        verify(mRaDaemon).buildNewRa(any(), raParamsCaptor.capture());
+        final RaParams nonCellularParams = raParamsCaptor.getValue();
+        assertEquals(65, nonCellularParams.hopLimit);
+        reset(mRaDaemon);
+
+        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(UPSTREAM_IFACE, null, 0);
+        verify(mRaDaemon).buildNewRa(any(), raParamsCaptor.capture());
+        final RaParams noUpstream = raParamsCaptor.getValue();
+        assertEquals(65, nonCellularParams.hopLimit);
+        reset(mRaDaemon);
+
+        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(UPSTREAM_IFACE, lp, -1);
+        verify(mRaDaemon).buildNewRa(any(), raParamsCaptor.capture());
+        final RaParams cellularParams = raParamsCaptor.getValue();
+        assertEquals(63, cellularParams.hopLimit);
+        reset(mRaDaemon);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStopObsoleteDhcpServer() throws Exception {
+        final ArgumentCaptor<DhcpServerCallbacks> cbCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(DhcpServerCallbacks.class);
+        doNothing().when(mDependencies).makeDhcpServer(any(), mDhcpParamsCaptor.capture(),
+                cbCaptor.capture());
+        initStateMachine(TETHERING_WIFI);
+        dispatchCommand(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED, STATE_TETHERED);
+        verify(mDhcpServer, never()).startWithCallbacks(any(), any());
+
+        // No stop dhcp server because dhcp server is not created yet.
+        dispatchCommand(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_UNREQUESTED);
+        verify(mDhcpServer, never()).stop(any());
+
+        // Stop obsolete dhcp server.
+        try {
+            final DhcpServerCallbacks cb = cbCaptor.getValue();
+            cb.onDhcpServerCreated(STATUS_SUCCESS, mDhcpServer);
+            mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            fail(e.getMessage());
+        }
+        verify(mDhcpServer).stop(any());
+    }
+
+    private void assertDhcpServingParams(final DhcpServingParamsParcel params,
+            final IpPrefix prefix) {
+        // Last address byte is random
+        assertTrue(prefix.contains(intToInet4AddressHTH(params.serverAddr)));
+        assertEquals(prefix.getPrefixLength(), params.serverAddrPrefixLength);
+        assertEquals(1, params.defaultRouters.length);
+        assertEquals(params.serverAddr, params.defaultRouters[0]);
+        assertEquals(1, params.dnsServers.length);
+        assertEquals(params.serverAddr, params.dnsServers[0]);
+        assertEquals(DHCP_LEASE_TIME_SECS, params.dhcpLeaseTimeSecs);
+        if (mIpServer.interfaceType() == TETHERING_NCM) {
+            assertTrue(params.changePrefixOnDecline);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void assertDhcpStarted(IpPrefix expectedPrefix) throws Exception {
+        verify(mDependencies, times(1)).makeDhcpServer(eq(IFACE_NAME), any(), any());
+        verify(mDhcpServer, timeout(MAKE_DHCPSERVER_TIMEOUT_MS).times(1)).startWithCallbacks(
+                any(), any());
+        assertDhcpServingParams(mDhcpParamsCaptor.getValue(), expectedPrefix);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Send a command to the state machine under test, and run the event loop to idle.
+     *
+     * @param command One of the IpServer.CMD_* constants.
+     * @param arg1 An additional argument to pass.
+     */
+    private void dispatchCommand(int command, int arg1) {
+        mIpServer.sendMessage(command, arg1);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Send a command to the state machine under test, and run the event loop to idle.
+     *
+     * @param command One of the IpServer.CMD_* constants.
+     */
+    private void dispatchCommand(int command) {
+        mIpServer.sendMessage(command);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Special override to tell the state machine that the upstream interface has changed.
+     *
+     * @see #dispatchCommand(int)
+     * @param upstreamIface String name of upstream interface (or null)
+     * @param v6lp IPv6 LinkProperties of the upstream interface, or null for an IPv4-only upstream.
+     */
+    private void dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(String upstreamIface, LinkProperties v6lp,
+            int ttlAdjustment) {
+        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(upstreamIface);
+        mIpServer.sendMessage(IpServer.CMD_IPV6_TETHER_UPDATE, ttlAdjustment, 0, v6lp);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+    }
+
+    private void dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(String upstreamIface) {
+        final InterfaceSet ifs = (upstreamIface != null) ? new InterfaceSet(upstreamIface) : null;
+        mIpServer.sendMessage(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_CONNECTION_CHANGED, ifs);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+    }
+
+    private void assertIPv4AddressAndDirectlyConnectedRoute(LinkProperties lp) {
+        // Find the first IPv4 LinkAddress.
+        LinkAddress addr4 = null;
+        for (LinkAddress addr : lp.getLinkAddresses()) {
+            if (!(addr.getAddress() instanceof Inet4Address)) continue;
+            addr4 = addr;
+            break;
+        }
+        assertNotNull("missing IPv4 address", addr4);
+
+        final IpPrefix destination = new IpPrefix(addr4.getAddress(), addr4.getPrefixLength());
+        // Assert the presence of the associated directly connected route.
+        final RouteInfo directlyConnected = new RouteInfo(destination, null, lp.getInterfaceName(),
+                RouteInfo.RTN_UNICAST);
+        assertTrue("missing directly connected route: '" + directlyConnected.toString() + "'",
+                   lp.getRoutes().contains(directlyConnected));
+    }
+
+    private void assertNoAddressesNorRoutes(LinkProperties lp) {
+        assertTrue(lp.getLinkAddresses().isEmpty());
+        assertTrue(lp.getRoutes().isEmpty());
+        // We also check that interface name is non-empty, because we should
+        // never see an empty interface name in any LinkProperties update.
+        assertFalse(TextUtils.isEmpty(lp.getInterfaceName()));
+    }
+
+    private boolean assertContainsFlag(String[] flags, String match) {
+        for (String flag : flags) {
+            if (flag.equals(match)) return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private boolean assertNotContainsFlag(String[] flags, String match) {
+        for (String flag : flags) {
+            if (flag.equals(match)) {
+                fail("Unexpected flag: " + match);
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void dadProxyUpdates() throws Exception {
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mDadProxy);
+        initTetheredStateMachine(TETHERING_WIFI, UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+        inOrder.verify(mDadProxy).setUpstreamIface(UPSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS);
+
+        // Add an upstream without IPv6.
+        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(UPSTREAM_IFACE, null, 0);
+        inOrder.verify(mDadProxy).setUpstreamIface(null);
+
+        // Add IPv6 to the upstream.
+        LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.setInterfaceName(UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(UPSTREAM_IFACE, lp, 0);
+        inOrder.verify(mDadProxy).setUpstreamIface(UPSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS);
+
+        // Change upstream.
+        // New linkproperties is needed, otherwise changing the iface has no impact.
+        LinkProperties lp2 = new LinkProperties();
+        lp2.setInterfaceName(UPSTREAM_IFACE2);
+        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(UPSTREAM_IFACE2, lp2, 0);
+        inOrder.verify(mDadProxy).setUpstreamIface(UPSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS2);
+
+        // Lose IPv6 on the upstream...
+        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(UPSTREAM_IFACE2, null, 0);
+        inOrder.verify(mDadProxy).setUpstreamIface(null);
+
+        // ... and regain it on a different upstream.
+        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(UPSTREAM_IFACE, lp, 0);
+        inOrder.verify(mDadProxy).setUpstreamIface(UPSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS);
+
+        // Lose upstream.
+        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(null, null, 0);
+        inOrder.verify(mDadProxy).setUpstreamIface(null);
+
+        // Regain upstream.
+        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(UPSTREAM_IFACE, lp, 0);
+        inOrder.verify(mDadProxy).setUpstreamIface(UPSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS);
+
+        // Stop tethering.
+        mIpServer.stop();
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+    }
+
+    private void checkDadProxyEnabled(boolean expectEnabled) throws Exception {
+        initTetheredStateMachine(TETHERING_WIFI, UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mDadProxy);
+        // Add IPv6 to the upstream.
+        LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.setInterfaceName(UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+        if (expectEnabled) {
+            inOrder.verify(mDadProxy).setUpstreamIface(UPSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS);
+        } else {
+            inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
+        }
+        // Stop tethering.
+        mIpServer.stop();
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        if (expectEnabled) {
+            inOrder.verify(mDadProxy).stop();
+        }
+        else {
+            verify(mDependencies, never()).getDadProxy(any(), any());
+        }
+    }
+    @Test @IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testDadProxyUpdates_DisabledUpToR() throws Exception {
+        checkDadProxyEnabled(false);
+    }
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testDadProxyUpdates_EnabledAfterR() throws Exception {
+        checkDadProxyEnabled(true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSkipVirtualNetworkInBpf() throws Exception {
+        initTetheredStateMachine(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH, null);
+        final LinkProperties v6Only = new LinkProperties();
+        v6Only.setInterfaceName(IPSEC_IFACE);
+        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(IPSEC_IFACE, v6Only, 0);
+
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator).maybeAttachProgram(IFACE_NAME, IPSEC_IFACE);
+        verify(mNetd).tetherAddForward(IFACE_NAME, IPSEC_IFACE);
+        verify(mNetd).ipfwdAddInterfaceForward(IFACE_NAME, IPSEC_IFACE);
+
+        final int myIfindex = TEST_IFACE_PARAMS.index;
+        final InetAddress neigh = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1");
+        final MacAddress mac = MacAddress.fromString("00:00:00:00:00:0a");
+        recvNewNeigh(myIfindex, neigh, NUD_REACHABLE, mac);
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator, never()).tetherOffloadRuleAdd(
+                mIpServer, makeForwardingRule(IPSEC_IFINDEX, neigh, mac));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinatorTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinatorTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..179fc8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinatorTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1796 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_NO;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.ROAMING_NO;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.SET_DEFAULT;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.UID_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.UID_TETHERING;
+import static android.net.ip.ConntrackMonitor.ConntrackEvent;
+import static android.net.netstats.provider.NetworkStatsProvider.QUOTA_UNLIMITED;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.ETH_P_IP;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.ETH_P_IPV6;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_TCP;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.NETLINK_NETFILTER;
+
+import static com.android.dx.mockito.inline.extended.ExtendedMockito.doReturn;
+import static com.android.dx.mockito.inline.extended.ExtendedMockito.staticMockMarker;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.ConntrackMessage.DYING_MASK;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.ConntrackMessage.ESTABLISHED_MASK;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.ConntrackMessage.Tuple;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.ConntrackMessage.TupleIpv4;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.ConntrackMessage.TupleProto;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.IPCTNL_MSG_CT_DELETE;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.IPCTNL_MSG_CT_NEW;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator.CONNTRACK_TIMEOUT_UPDATE_INTERVAL_MS;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator.NF_CONNTRACK_TCP_TIMEOUT_ESTABLISHED;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator.NF_CONNTRACK_UDP_TIMEOUT_STREAM;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator.NON_OFFLOADED_UPSTREAM_IPV4_TCP_PORTS;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator.StatsType;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator.StatsType.STATS_PER_IFACE;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator.StatsType.STATS_PER_UID;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator.toIpv4MappedAddressBytes;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfUtils.DOWNSTREAM;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfUtils.UPSTREAM;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetheringConfiguration.DEFAULT_TETHER_OFFLOAD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyInt;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyLong;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyString;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.argThat;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.clearInvocations;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.spy;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager;
+import android.net.INetd;
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.MacAddress;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkStats;
+import android.net.TetherOffloadRuleParcel;
+import android.net.TetherStatsParcel;
+import android.net.ip.ConntrackMonitor;
+import android.net.ip.ConntrackMonitor.ConntrackEventConsumer;
+import android.net.ip.IpServer;
+import android.net.util.SharedLog;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.test.TestLooper;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.dx.mockito.inline.extended.ExtendedMockito;
+import com.android.net.module.util.BpfMap;
+import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.InterfaceParams;
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants;
+import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Key;
+import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Value;
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.ConntrackMessage;
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants;
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkSocket;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator.BpfConntrackEventConsumer;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator.ClientInfo;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator.Ipv6ForwardingRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+import com.android.testutils.TestBpfMap;
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkStatsProviderCbBinder;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatcher;
+import org.mockito.InOrder;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+import org.mockito.MockitoSession;
+
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public class BpfCoordinatorTest {
+    @Rule
+    public final DevSdkIgnoreRule mIgnoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
+
+    private static final int TEST_NET_ID = 24;
+    private static final int TEST_NET_ID2 = 25;
+
+    private static final int INVALID_IFINDEX = 0;
+    private static final int UPSTREAM_IFINDEX = 1001;
+    private static final int UPSTREAM_IFINDEX2 = 1002;
+    private static final int DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX = 1003;
+    private static final int DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX2 = 1004;
+
+    private static final String UPSTREAM_IFACE = "rmnet0";
+    private static final String UPSTREAM_IFACE2 = "wlan0";
+
+    private static final MacAddress DOWNSTREAM_MAC = MacAddress.fromString("12:34:56:78:90:ab");
+    private static final MacAddress DOWNSTREAM_MAC2 = MacAddress.fromString("ab:90:78:56:34:12");
+
+    private static final MacAddress MAC_A = MacAddress.fromString("00:00:00:00:00:0a");
+    private static final MacAddress MAC_B = MacAddress.fromString("11:22:33:00:00:0b");
+
+    private static final InetAddress NEIGH_A = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1");
+    private static final InetAddress NEIGH_B = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::2");
+
+    private static final Inet4Address REMOTE_ADDR =
+            (Inet4Address) InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("140.112.8.116");
+    private static final Inet4Address PUBLIC_ADDR =
+            (Inet4Address) InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("1.0.0.1");
+    private static final Inet4Address PUBLIC_ADDR2 =
+            (Inet4Address) InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("1.0.0.2");
+    private static final Inet4Address PRIVATE_ADDR =
+            (Inet4Address) InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("192.168.80.12");
+    private static final Inet4Address PRIVATE_ADDR2 =
+            (Inet4Address) InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("192.168.90.12");
+
+    // Generally, public port and private port are the same in the NAT conntrack message.
+    // TODO: consider using different private port and public port for testing.
+    private static final short REMOTE_PORT = (short) 443;
+    private static final short PUBLIC_PORT = (short) 62449;
+    private static final short PUBLIC_PORT2 = (short) 62450;
+    private static final short PRIVATE_PORT = (short) 62449;
+    private static final short PRIVATE_PORT2 = (short) 62450;
+
+    private static final InterfaceParams UPSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS = new InterfaceParams(
+            UPSTREAM_IFACE, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, null /* macAddr, rawip */,
+            NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_MTU);
+    private static final InterfaceParams UPSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS2 = new InterfaceParams(
+            UPSTREAM_IFACE2, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX2, MacAddress.fromString("44:55:66:00:00:0c"),
+            NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_MTU);
+
+    private static final HashMap<Integer, UpstreamInformation> UPSTREAM_INFORMATIONS =
+            new HashMap<Integer, UpstreamInformation>() {{
+                    put(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, new UpstreamInformation(UPSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS,
+                            PUBLIC_ADDR, NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, TEST_NET_ID));
+                    put(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX2, new UpstreamInformation(UPSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS2,
+                            PUBLIC_ADDR2, NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI, TEST_NET_ID2));
+            }};
+
+    private static final ClientInfo CLIENT_INFO_A = new ClientInfo(DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX,
+            DOWNSTREAM_MAC, PRIVATE_ADDR, MAC_A);
+    private static final ClientInfo CLIENT_INFO_B = new ClientInfo(DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX2,
+            DOWNSTREAM_MAC2, PRIVATE_ADDR2, MAC_B);
+
+    private static class UpstreamInformation {
+        public final InterfaceParams interfaceParams;
+        public final Inet4Address address;
+        public final int transportType;
+        public final int netId;
+
+        UpstreamInformation(final InterfaceParams interfaceParams,
+                final Inet4Address address, int transportType, int netId) {
+            this.interfaceParams = interfaceParams;
+            this.address = address;
+            this.transportType = transportType;
+            this.netId = netId;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class TestUpstream4Key {
+        public static class Builder {
+            private long mIif = DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX;
+            private MacAddress mDstMac = DOWNSTREAM_MAC;
+            private short mL4proto = (short) IPPROTO_TCP;
+            private byte[] mSrc4 = PRIVATE_ADDR.getAddress();
+            private byte[] mDst4 = REMOTE_ADDR.getAddress();
+            private int mSrcPort = PRIVATE_PORT;
+            private int mDstPort = REMOTE_PORT;
+
+            Builder() {}
+
+            public Builder setProto(int proto) {
+                if (proto != IPPROTO_TCP && proto != IPPROTO_UDP) {
+                    fail("Not support protocol " + proto);
+                }
+                mL4proto = (short) proto;
+                return this;
+            }
+
+            public Tether4Key build() {
+                return new Tether4Key(mIif, mDstMac, mL4proto, mSrc4, mDst4, mSrcPort, mDstPort);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class TestDownstream4Key {
+        public static class Builder {
+            private long mIif = UPSTREAM_IFINDEX;
+            private MacAddress mDstMac = MacAddress.ALL_ZEROS_ADDRESS /* dstMac (rawip) */;
+            private short mL4proto = (short) IPPROTO_TCP;
+            private byte[] mSrc4 = REMOTE_ADDR.getAddress();
+            private byte[] mDst4 = PUBLIC_ADDR.getAddress();
+            private int mSrcPort = REMOTE_PORT;
+            private int mDstPort = PUBLIC_PORT;
+
+            Builder() {}
+
+            public Builder setProto(int proto) {
+                if (proto != IPPROTO_TCP && proto != IPPROTO_UDP) {
+                    fail("Not support protocol " + proto);
+                }
+                mL4proto = (short) proto;
+                return this;
+            }
+
+            public Tether4Key build() {
+                return new Tether4Key(mIif, mDstMac, mL4proto, mSrc4, mDst4, mSrcPort, mDstPort);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class TestUpstream4Value {
+        public static class Builder {
+            private long mOif = UPSTREAM_IFINDEX;
+            private MacAddress mEthDstMac = MacAddress.ALL_ZEROS_ADDRESS /* dstMac (rawip) */;
+            private MacAddress mEthSrcMac = MacAddress.ALL_ZEROS_ADDRESS /* dstMac (rawip) */;
+            private int mEthProto = ETH_P_IP;
+            private short mPmtu = NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_MTU;
+            private byte[] mSrc46 = toIpv4MappedAddressBytes(PUBLIC_ADDR);
+            private byte[] mDst46 = toIpv4MappedAddressBytes(REMOTE_ADDR);
+            private int mSrcPort = PUBLIC_PORT;
+            private int mDstPort = REMOTE_PORT;
+            private long mLastUsed = 0;
+
+            Builder() {}
+
+            public Tether4Value build() {
+                return new Tether4Value(mOif, mEthDstMac, mEthSrcMac, mEthProto, mPmtu,
+                        mSrc46, mDst46, mSrcPort, mDstPort, mLastUsed);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class TestDownstream4Value {
+        public static class Builder {
+            private long mOif = DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX;
+            private MacAddress mEthDstMac = MAC_A /* client mac */;
+            private MacAddress mEthSrcMac = DOWNSTREAM_MAC;
+            private int mEthProto = ETH_P_IP;
+            private short mPmtu = NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_MTU;
+            private byte[] mSrc46 = toIpv4MappedAddressBytes(REMOTE_ADDR);
+            private byte[] mDst46 = toIpv4MappedAddressBytes(PRIVATE_ADDR);
+            private int mSrcPort = REMOTE_PORT;
+            private int mDstPort = PRIVATE_PORT;
+            private long mLastUsed = 0;
+
+            Builder() {}
+
+            public Tether4Value build() {
+                return new Tether4Value(mOif, mEthDstMac, mEthSrcMac, mEthProto, mPmtu,
+                        mSrc46, mDst46, mSrcPort, mDstPort, mLastUsed);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class TestConntrackEvent {
+        public static class Builder {
+            private short mMsgType = IPCTNL_MSG_CT_NEW;
+            private short mProto = (short) IPPROTO_TCP;
+            private Inet4Address mPrivateAddr = PRIVATE_ADDR;
+            private Inet4Address mPublicAddr = PUBLIC_ADDR;
+            private Inet4Address mRemoteAddr = REMOTE_ADDR;
+            private short mPrivatePort = PRIVATE_PORT;
+            private short mPublicPort = PUBLIC_PORT;
+            private short mRemotePort = REMOTE_PORT;
+
+            Builder() {}
+
+            public Builder setMsgType(short msgType) {
+                if (msgType != IPCTNL_MSG_CT_NEW && msgType != IPCTNL_MSG_CT_DELETE) {
+                    fail("Not support message type " + msgType);
+                }
+                mMsgType = (short) msgType;
+                return this;
+            }
+
+            public Builder setProto(int proto) {
+                if (proto != IPPROTO_TCP && proto != IPPROTO_UDP) {
+                    fail("Not support protocol " + proto);
+                }
+                mProto = (short) proto;
+                return this;
+            }
+
+            public Builder setRemotePort(int remotePort) {
+                mRemotePort = (short) remotePort;
+                return this;
+            }
+
+            public ConntrackEvent build() {
+                final int status = (mMsgType == IPCTNL_MSG_CT_NEW) ? ESTABLISHED_MASK : DYING_MASK;
+                final int timeoutSec = (mMsgType == IPCTNL_MSG_CT_NEW) ? 100 /* nonzero, new */
+                        : 0 /* unused, delete */;
+                return new ConntrackEvent(
+                        (short) (NetlinkConstants.NFNL_SUBSYS_CTNETLINK << 8 | mMsgType),
+                        new Tuple(new TupleIpv4(mPrivateAddr, mRemoteAddr),
+                                new TupleProto((byte) mProto, mPrivatePort, mRemotePort)),
+                        new Tuple(new TupleIpv4(mRemoteAddr, mPublicAddr),
+                                new TupleProto((byte) mProto, mRemotePort, mPublicPort)),
+                        status,
+                        timeoutSec);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Mock private NetworkStatsManager mStatsManager;
+    @Mock private INetd mNetd;
+    @Mock private IpServer mIpServer;
+    @Mock private IpServer mIpServer2;
+    @Mock private TetheringConfiguration mTetherConfig;
+    @Mock private ConntrackMonitor mConntrackMonitor;
+    @Mock private BpfMap<TetherDownstream6Key, Tether6Value> mBpfDownstream6Map;
+    @Mock private BpfMap<TetherUpstream6Key, Tether6Value> mBpfUpstream6Map;
+    @Mock private BpfMap<TetherDevKey, TetherDevValue> mBpfDevMap;
+
+    // Late init since methods must be called by the thread that created this object.
+    private TestableNetworkStatsProviderCbBinder mTetherStatsProviderCb;
+    private BpfCoordinator.BpfTetherStatsProvider mTetherStatsProvider;
+
+    // Late init since the object must be initialized by the BPF coordinator instance because
+    // it has to access the non-static function of BPF coordinator.
+    private BpfConntrackEventConsumer mConsumer;
+
+    private long mElapsedRealtimeNanos = 0;
+    private final ArgumentCaptor<ArrayList> mStringArrayCaptor =
+            ArgumentCaptor.forClass(ArrayList.class);
+    private final TestLooper mTestLooper = new TestLooper();
+    private final BpfMap<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> mBpfDownstream4Map =
+            spy(new TestBpfMap<>(Tether4Key.class, Tether4Value.class));
+    private final BpfMap<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> mBpfUpstream4Map =
+            spy(new TestBpfMap<>(Tether4Key.class, Tether4Value.class));
+    private final TestBpfMap<TetherStatsKey, TetherStatsValue> mBpfStatsMap =
+            spy(new TestBpfMap<>(TetherStatsKey.class, TetherStatsValue.class));
+    private final TestBpfMap<TetherLimitKey, TetherLimitValue> mBpfLimitMap =
+            spy(new TestBpfMap<>(TetherLimitKey.class, TetherLimitValue.class));
+    private BpfCoordinator.Dependencies mDeps =
+            spy(new BpfCoordinator.Dependencies() {
+                    @NonNull
+                    public Handler getHandler() {
+                        return new Handler(mTestLooper.getLooper());
+                    }
+
+                    @NonNull
+                    public INetd getNetd() {
+                        return mNetd;
+                    }
+
+                    @NonNull
+                    public NetworkStatsManager getNetworkStatsManager() {
+                        return mStatsManager;
+                    }
+
+                    @NonNull
+                    public SharedLog getSharedLog() {
+                        return new SharedLog("test");
+                    }
+
+                    @Nullable
+                    public TetheringConfiguration getTetherConfig() {
+                        return mTetherConfig;
+                    }
+
+                    @NonNull
+                    public ConntrackMonitor getConntrackMonitor(ConntrackEventConsumer consumer) {
+                        return mConntrackMonitor;
+                    }
+
+                    public long elapsedRealtimeNanos() {
+                        return mElapsedRealtimeNanos;
+                    }
+
+                    @Nullable
+                    public BpfMap<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> getBpfDownstream4Map() {
+                        return mBpfDownstream4Map;
+                    }
+
+                    @Nullable
+                    public BpfMap<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> getBpfUpstream4Map() {
+                        return mBpfUpstream4Map;
+                    }
+
+                    @Nullable
+                    public BpfMap<TetherDownstream6Key, Tether6Value> getBpfDownstream6Map() {
+                        return mBpfDownstream6Map;
+                    }
+
+                    @Nullable
+                    public BpfMap<TetherUpstream6Key, Tether6Value> getBpfUpstream6Map() {
+                        return mBpfUpstream6Map;
+                    }
+
+                    @Nullable
+                    public BpfMap<TetherStatsKey, TetherStatsValue> getBpfStatsMap() {
+                        return mBpfStatsMap;
+                    }
+
+                    @Nullable
+                    public BpfMap<TetherLimitKey, TetherLimitValue> getBpfLimitMap() {
+                        return mBpfLimitMap;
+                    }
+
+                    @Nullable
+                    public BpfMap<TetherDevKey, TetherDevValue> getBpfDevMap() {
+                        return mBpfDevMap;
+                    }
+            });
+
+    @Before public void setUp() {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+        when(mTetherConfig.isBpfOffloadEnabled()).thenReturn(true /* default value */);
+    }
+
+    private void waitForIdle() {
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Remove unnecessary calling on R because the BPF map accessing has been moved into
+    // module.
+    private void setupFunctioningNetdInterface() throws Exception {
+        when(mNetd.tetherOffloadGetStats()).thenReturn(new TetherStatsParcel[0]);
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    private BpfCoordinator makeBpfCoordinator() throws Exception {
+        final BpfCoordinator coordinator = new BpfCoordinator(mDeps);
+
+        mConsumer = coordinator.getBpfConntrackEventConsumerForTesting();
+        final ArgumentCaptor<BpfCoordinator.BpfTetherStatsProvider>
+                tetherStatsProviderCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(BpfCoordinator.BpfTetherStatsProvider.class);
+        verify(mStatsManager).registerNetworkStatsProvider(anyString(),
+                tetherStatsProviderCaptor.capture());
+        mTetherStatsProvider = tetherStatsProviderCaptor.getValue();
+        assertNotNull(mTetherStatsProvider);
+        mTetherStatsProviderCb = new TestableNetworkStatsProviderCbBinder();
+        mTetherStatsProvider.setProviderCallbackBinder(mTetherStatsProviderCb);
+
+        return coordinator;
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    private static NetworkStats.Entry buildTestEntry(@NonNull StatsType how,
+            @NonNull String iface, long rxBytes, long rxPackets, long txBytes, long txPackets) {
+        return new NetworkStats.Entry(iface, how == STATS_PER_IFACE ? UID_ALL : UID_TETHERING,
+                SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, rxBytes,
+                rxPackets, txBytes, txPackets, 0L);
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    private static TetherStatsParcel buildTestTetherStatsParcel(@NonNull Integer ifIndex,
+            long rxBytes, long rxPackets, long txBytes, long txPackets) {
+        final TetherStatsParcel parcel = new TetherStatsParcel();
+        parcel.ifIndex = ifIndex;
+        parcel.rxBytes = rxBytes;
+        parcel.rxPackets = rxPackets;
+        parcel.txBytes = txBytes;
+        parcel.txPackets = txPackets;
+        return parcel;
+    }
+
+    // Update a stats entry or create if not exists.
+    private void updateStatsEntryToStatsMap(@NonNull TetherStatsParcel stats) throws Exception {
+        final TetherStatsKey key = new TetherStatsKey(stats.ifIndex);
+        final TetherStatsValue value = new TetherStatsValue(stats.rxPackets, stats.rxBytes,
+                0L /* rxErrors */, stats.txPackets, stats.txBytes, 0L /* txErrors */);
+        mBpfStatsMap.updateEntry(key, value);
+    }
+
+    private void updateStatsEntry(@NonNull TetherStatsParcel stats) throws Exception {
+        if (mDeps.isAtLeastS()) {
+            updateStatsEntryToStatsMap(stats);
+        } else {
+            when(mNetd.tetherOffloadGetStats()).thenReturn(new TetherStatsParcel[] {stats});
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Update specific tether stats list and wait for the stats cache is updated by polling thread
+    // in the coordinator. Beware of that it is only used for the default polling interval.
+    // Note that the mocked tetherOffloadGetStats of netd replaces all stats entries because it
+    // doesn't store the previous entries.
+    private void updateStatsEntriesAndWaitForUpdate(@NonNull TetherStatsParcel[] tetherStatsList)
+            throws Exception {
+        if (mDeps.isAtLeastS()) {
+            for (TetherStatsParcel stats : tetherStatsList) {
+                updateStatsEntry(stats);
+            }
+        } else {
+            when(mNetd.tetherOffloadGetStats()).thenReturn(tetherStatsList);
+        }
+
+        mTestLooper.moveTimeForward(DEFAULT_TETHER_OFFLOAD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS);
+        waitForIdle();
+    }
+
+    // In tests, the stats need to be set before deleting the last rule.
+    // The reason is that BpfCoordinator#tetherOffloadRuleRemove reads the stats
+    // of the deleting interface after the last rule deleted. #tetherOffloadRuleRemove
+    // does the interface cleanup failed if there is no stats for the deleting interface.
+    // Note that the mocked tetherOffloadGetAndClearStats of netd replaces all stats entries
+    // because it doesn't store the previous entries.
+    private void updateStatsEntryForTetherOffloadGetAndClearStats(TetherStatsParcel stats)
+            throws Exception {
+        if (mDeps.isAtLeastS()) {
+            updateStatsEntryToStatsMap(stats);
+        } else {
+            when(mNetd.tetherOffloadGetAndClearStats(stats.ifIndex)).thenReturn(stats);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void clearStatsInvocations() {
+        if (mDeps.isAtLeastS()) {
+            clearInvocations(mBpfStatsMap);
+        } else {
+            clearInvocations(mNetd);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private <T> T verifyWithOrder(@Nullable InOrder inOrder, @NonNull T t) {
+        if (inOrder != null) {
+            return inOrder.verify(t);
+        } else {
+            return verify(t);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void verifyTetherOffloadGetStats() throws Exception {
+        if (mDeps.isAtLeastS()) {
+            verify(mBpfStatsMap).forEach(any());
+        } else {
+            verify(mNetd).tetherOffloadGetStats();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void verifyNeverTetherOffloadGetStats() throws Exception {
+        if (mDeps.isAtLeastS()) {
+            verify(mBpfStatsMap, never()).forEach(any());
+        } else {
+            verify(mNetd, never()).tetherOffloadGetStats();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void verifyStartUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(@Nullable InOrder inOrder, int downstreamIfIndex,
+            MacAddress downstreamMac, int upstreamIfindex) throws Exception {
+        if (!mDeps.isAtLeastS()) return;
+        final TetherUpstream6Key key = new TetherUpstream6Key(downstreamIfIndex, downstreamMac);
+        final Tether6Value value = new Tether6Value(upstreamIfindex,
+                MacAddress.ALL_ZEROS_ADDRESS, MacAddress.ALL_ZEROS_ADDRESS,
+                ETH_P_IPV6, NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_MTU);
+        verifyWithOrder(inOrder, mBpfUpstream6Map).insertEntry(key, value);
+    }
+
+    private void verifyStopUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(@Nullable InOrder inOrder, int downstreamIfIndex,
+            MacAddress downstreamMac)
+            throws Exception {
+        if (!mDeps.isAtLeastS()) return;
+        final TetherUpstream6Key key = new TetherUpstream6Key(downstreamIfIndex, downstreamMac);
+        verifyWithOrder(inOrder, mBpfUpstream6Map).deleteEntry(key);
+    }
+
+    private void verifyNoUpstreamIpv6ForwardingChange(@Nullable InOrder inOrder) throws Exception {
+        if (!mDeps.isAtLeastS()) return;
+        if (inOrder != null) {
+            inOrder.verify(mBpfUpstream6Map, never()).deleteEntry(any());
+            inOrder.verify(mBpfUpstream6Map, never()).insertEntry(any(), any());
+            inOrder.verify(mBpfUpstream6Map, never()).updateEntry(any(), any());
+        } else {
+            verify(mBpfUpstream6Map, never()).deleteEntry(any());
+            verify(mBpfUpstream6Map, never()).insertEntry(any(), any());
+            verify(mBpfUpstream6Map, never()).updateEntry(any(), any());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void verifyTetherOffloadRuleAdd(@Nullable InOrder inOrder,
+            @NonNull Ipv6ForwardingRule rule) throws Exception {
+        if (mDeps.isAtLeastS()) {
+            verifyWithOrder(inOrder, mBpfDownstream6Map).updateEntry(
+                    rule.makeTetherDownstream6Key(), rule.makeTether6Value());
+        } else {
+            verifyWithOrder(inOrder, mNetd).tetherOffloadRuleAdd(matches(rule));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void verifyNeverTetherOffloadRuleAdd() throws Exception {
+        if (mDeps.isAtLeastS()) {
+            verify(mBpfDownstream6Map, never()).updateEntry(any(), any());
+        } else {
+            verify(mNetd, never()).tetherOffloadRuleAdd(any());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void verifyTetherOffloadRuleRemove(@Nullable InOrder inOrder,
+            @NonNull final Ipv6ForwardingRule rule) throws Exception {
+        if (mDeps.isAtLeastS()) {
+            verifyWithOrder(inOrder, mBpfDownstream6Map).deleteEntry(
+                    rule.makeTetherDownstream6Key());
+        } else {
+            verifyWithOrder(inOrder, mNetd).tetherOffloadRuleRemove(matches(rule));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void verifyNeverTetherOffloadRuleRemove() throws Exception {
+        if (mDeps.isAtLeastS()) {
+            verify(mBpfDownstream6Map, never()).deleteEntry(any());
+        } else {
+            verify(mNetd, never()).tetherOffloadRuleRemove(any());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void verifyTetherOffloadSetInterfaceQuota(@Nullable InOrder inOrder, int ifIndex,
+            long quotaBytes, boolean isInit) throws Exception {
+        if (mDeps.isAtLeastS()) {
+            final TetherStatsKey key = new TetherStatsKey(ifIndex);
+            verifyWithOrder(inOrder, mBpfStatsMap).getValue(key);
+            if (isInit) {
+                verifyWithOrder(inOrder, mBpfStatsMap).insertEntry(key, new TetherStatsValue(
+                        0L /* rxPackets */, 0L /* rxBytes */, 0L /* rxErrors */,
+                        0L /* txPackets */, 0L /* txBytes */, 0L /* txErrors */));
+            }
+            verifyWithOrder(inOrder, mBpfLimitMap).updateEntry(new TetherLimitKey(ifIndex),
+                    new TetherLimitValue(quotaBytes));
+        } else {
+            verifyWithOrder(inOrder, mNetd).tetherOffloadSetInterfaceQuota(ifIndex, quotaBytes);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void verifyNeverTetherOffloadSetInterfaceQuota(@NonNull InOrder inOrder)
+            throws Exception {
+        if (mDeps.isAtLeastS()) {
+            inOrder.verify(mBpfStatsMap, never()).getValue(any());
+            inOrder.verify(mBpfStatsMap, never()).insertEntry(any(), any());
+            inOrder.verify(mBpfLimitMap, never()).updateEntry(any(), any());
+        } else {
+            inOrder.verify(mNetd, never()).tetherOffloadSetInterfaceQuota(anyInt(), anyLong());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void verifyTetherOffloadGetAndClearStats(@NonNull InOrder inOrder, int ifIndex)
+            throws Exception {
+        if (mDeps.isAtLeastS()) {
+            inOrder.verify(mBpfStatsMap).getValue(new TetherStatsKey(ifIndex));
+            inOrder.verify(mBpfStatsMap).deleteEntry(new TetherStatsKey(ifIndex));
+            inOrder.verify(mBpfLimitMap).deleteEntry(new TetherLimitKey(ifIndex));
+        } else {
+            inOrder.verify(mNetd).tetherOffloadGetAndClearStats(ifIndex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // S+ and R api minimum tests.
+    // The following tests are used to provide minimum checking for the APIs on different flow.
+    // The auto merge is not enabled on mainline prod. The code flow R may be verified at the
+    // late stage by manual cherry pick. It is risky if the R code flow has broken and be found at
+    // the last minute.
+    // TODO: remove once presubmit tests on R even the code is submitted on S.
+    private void checkTetherOffloadRuleAddAndRemove(boolean usingApiS) throws Exception {
+        setupFunctioningNetdInterface();
+
+        // Replace Dependencies#isAtLeastS() for testing R and S+ BPF map apis. Note that |mDeps|
+        // must be mocked before calling #makeBpfCoordinator which use |mDeps| to initialize the
+        // coordinator.
+        doReturn(usingApiS).when(mDeps).isAtLeastS();
+        final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
+
+        final String mobileIface = "rmnet_data0";
+        final Integer mobileIfIndex = 100;
+        coordinator.addUpstreamNameToLookupTable(mobileIfIndex, mobileIface);
+
+        // InOrder is required because mBpfStatsMap may be accessed by both
+        // BpfCoordinator#tetherOffloadRuleAdd and BpfCoordinator#tetherOffloadGetAndClearStats.
+        // The #verifyTetherOffloadGetAndClearStats can't distinguish who has ever called
+        // mBpfStatsMap#getValue and get a wrong calling count which counts all.
+        final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mNetd, mBpfDownstream6Map, mBpfLimitMap, mBpfStatsMap);
+        final Ipv6ForwardingRule rule = buildTestForwardingRule(mobileIfIndex, NEIGH_A, MAC_A);
+        coordinator.tetherOffloadRuleAdd(mIpServer, rule);
+        verifyTetherOffloadRuleAdd(inOrder, rule);
+        verifyTetherOffloadSetInterfaceQuota(inOrder, mobileIfIndex, QUOTA_UNLIMITED,
+                true /* isInit */);
+
+        // Removing the last rule on current upstream immediately sends the cleanup stuff to netd.
+        updateStatsEntryForTetherOffloadGetAndClearStats(
+                buildTestTetherStatsParcel(mobileIfIndex, 0, 0, 0, 0));
+        coordinator.tetherOffloadRuleRemove(mIpServer, rule);
+        verifyTetherOffloadRuleRemove(inOrder, rule);
+        verifyTetherOffloadGetAndClearStats(inOrder, mobileIfIndex);
+    }
+
+    // TODO: remove once presubmit tests on R even the code is submitted on S.
+    @Test
+    public void testTetherOffloadRuleAddAndRemoveSdkR() throws Exception {
+        checkTetherOffloadRuleAddAndRemove(false /* R */);
+    }
+
+    // TODO: remove once presubmit tests on R even the code is submitted on S.
+    @Test
+    public void testTetherOffloadRuleAddAndRemoveAtLeastSdkS() throws Exception {
+        checkTetherOffloadRuleAddAndRemove(true /* S+ */);
+    }
+
+    // TODO: remove once presubmit tests on R even the code is submitted on S.
+    private void checkTetherOffloadGetStats(boolean usingApiS) throws Exception {
+        setupFunctioningNetdInterface();
+
+        doReturn(usingApiS).when(mDeps).isAtLeastS();
+        final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
+        coordinator.startPolling();
+
+        final String mobileIface = "rmnet_data0";
+        final Integer mobileIfIndex = 100;
+        coordinator.addUpstreamNameToLookupTable(mobileIfIndex, mobileIface);
+
+        updateStatsEntriesAndWaitForUpdate(new TetherStatsParcel[] {
+                buildTestTetherStatsParcel(mobileIfIndex, 1000, 100, 2000, 200)});
+
+        final NetworkStats expectedIfaceStats = new NetworkStats(0L, 1)
+                .addEntry(buildTestEntry(STATS_PER_IFACE, mobileIface, 1000, 100, 2000, 200));
+
+        final NetworkStats expectedUidStats = new NetworkStats(0L, 1)
+                .addEntry(buildTestEntry(STATS_PER_UID, mobileIface, 1000, 100, 2000, 200));
+
+        mTetherStatsProvider.pushTetherStats();
+        mTetherStatsProviderCb.expectNotifyStatsUpdated(expectedIfaceStats, expectedUidStats);
+    }
+
+    // TODO: remove once presubmit tests on R even the code is submitted on S.
+    @Test
+    public void testTetherOffloadGetStatsSdkR() throws Exception {
+        checkTetherOffloadGetStats(false /* R */);
+    }
+
+    // TODO: remove once presubmit tests on R even the code is submitted on S.
+    @Test
+    public void testTetherOffloadGetStatsAtLeastSdkS() throws Exception {
+        checkTetherOffloadGetStats(true /* S+ */);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetForwardedStats() throws Exception {
+        setupFunctioningNetdInterface();
+
+        final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
+        coordinator.startPolling();
+
+        final String wlanIface = "wlan0";
+        final Integer wlanIfIndex = 100;
+        final String mobileIface = "rmnet_data0";
+        final Integer mobileIfIndex = 101;
+
+        // Add interface name to lookup table. In realistic case, the upstream interface name will
+        // be added by IpServer when IpServer has received with a new IPv6 upstream update event.
+        coordinator.addUpstreamNameToLookupTable(wlanIfIndex, wlanIface);
+        coordinator.addUpstreamNameToLookupTable(mobileIfIndex, mobileIface);
+
+        // [1] Both interface stats are changed.
+        // Setup the tether stats of wlan and mobile interface. Note that move forward the time of
+        // the looper to make sure the new tether stats has been updated by polling update thread.
+        updateStatsEntriesAndWaitForUpdate(new TetherStatsParcel[] {
+                buildTestTetherStatsParcel(wlanIfIndex, 1000, 100, 2000, 200),
+                buildTestTetherStatsParcel(mobileIfIndex, 3000, 300, 4000, 400)});
+
+        final NetworkStats expectedIfaceStats = new NetworkStats(0L, 2)
+                .addEntry(buildTestEntry(STATS_PER_IFACE, wlanIface, 1000, 100, 2000, 200))
+                .addEntry(buildTestEntry(STATS_PER_IFACE, mobileIface, 3000, 300, 4000, 400));
+
+        final NetworkStats expectedUidStats = new NetworkStats(0L, 2)
+                .addEntry(buildTestEntry(STATS_PER_UID, wlanIface, 1000, 100, 2000, 200))
+                .addEntry(buildTestEntry(STATS_PER_UID, mobileIface, 3000, 300, 4000, 400));
+
+        // Force pushing stats update to verify the stats reported.
+        // TODO: Perhaps make #expectNotifyStatsUpdated to use test TetherStatsParcel object for
+        // verifying the notification.
+        mTetherStatsProvider.pushTetherStats();
+        mTetherStatsProviderCb.expectNotifyStatsUpdated(expectedIfaceStats, expectedUidStats);
+
+        // [2] Only one interface stats is changed.
+        // The tether stats of mobile interface is accumulated and The tether stats of wlan
+        // interface is the same.
+        updateStatsEntriesAndWaitForUpdate(new TetherStatsParcel[] {
+                buildTestTetherStatsParcel(wlanIfIndex, 1000, 100, 2000, 200),
+                buildTestTetherStatsParcel(mobileIfIndex, 3010, 320, 4030, 440)});
+
+        final NetworkStats expectedIfaceStatsDiff = new NetworkStats(0L, 2)
+                .addEntry(buildTestEntry(STATS_PER_IFACE, wlanIface, 0, 0, 0, 0))
+                .addEntry(buildTestEntry(STATS_PER_IFACE, mobileIface, 10, 20, 30, 40));
+
+        final NetworkStats expectedUidStatsDiff = new NetworkStats(0L, 2)
+                .addEntry(buildTestEntry(STATS_PER_UID, wlanIface, 0, 0, 0, 0))
+                .addEntry(buildTestEntry(STATS_PER_UID, mobileIface, 10, 20, 30, 40));
+
+        // Force pushing stats update to verify that only diff of stats is reported.
+        mTetherStatsProvider.pushTetherStats();
+        mTetherStatsProviderCb.expectNotifyStatsUpdated(expectedIfaceStatsDiff,
+                expectedUidStatsDiff);
+
+        // [3] Stop coordinator.
+        // Shutdown the coordinator and clear the invocation history, especially the
+        // tetherOffloadGetStats() calls.
+        coordinator.stopPolling();
+        clearStatsInvocations();
+
+        // Verify the polling update thread stopped.
+        mTestLooper.moveTimeForward(DEFAULT_TETHER_OFFLOAD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS);
+        waitForIdle();
+        verifyNeverTetherOffloadGetStats();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOnSetAlert() throws Exception {
+        setupFunctioningNetdInterface();
+
+        final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
+        coordinator.startPolling();
+
+        final String mobileIface = "rmnet_data0";
+        final Integer mobileIfIndex = 100;
+        coordinator.addUpstreamNameToLookupTable(mobileIfIndex, mobileIface);
+
+        // Verify that set quota to 0 will immediately triggers a callback.
+        mTetherStatsProvider.onSetAlert(0);
+        waitForIdle();
+        mTetherStatsProviderCb.expectNotifyAlertReached();
+
+        // Verify that notifyAlertReached never fired if quota is not yet reached.
+        updateStatsEntry(buildTestTetherStatsParcel(mobileIfIndex, 0, 0, 0, 0));
+        mTetherStatsProvider.onSetAlert(100);
+        mTestLooper.moveTimeForward(DEFAULT_TETHER_OFFLOAD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS);
+        waitForIdle();
+        mTetherStatsProviderCb.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // Verify that notifyAlertReached fired when quota is reached.
+        updateStatsEntry(buildTestTetherStatsParcel(mobileIfIndex, 50, 0, 50, 0));
+        mTestLooper.moveTimeForward(DEFAULT_TETHER_OFFLOAD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS);
+        waitForIdle();
+        mTetherStatsProviderCb.expectNotifyAlertReached();
+
+        // Verify that set quota with UNLIMITED won't trigger any callback.
+        mTetherStatsProvider.onSetAlert(QUOTA_UNLIMITED);
+        mTestLooper.moveTimeForward(DEFAULT_TETHER_OFFLOAD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS);
+        waitForIdle();
+        mTetherStatsProviderCb.assertNoCallback();
+    }
+
+    // The custom ArgumentMatcher simply comes from IpServerTest.
+    // TODO: move both of them into a common utility class for reusing the code.
+    private static class TetherOffloadRuleParcelMatcher implements
+            ArgumentMatcher<TetherOffloadRuleParcel> {
+        public final int upstreamIfindex;
+        public final int downstreamIfindex;
+        public final Inet6Address address;
+        public final MacAddress srcMac;
+        public final MacAddress dstMac;
+
+        TetherOffloadRuleParcelMatcher(@NonNull Ipv6ForwardingRule rule) {
+            upstreamIfindex = rule.upstreamIfindex;
+            downstreamIfindex = rule.downstreamIfindex;
+            address = rule.address;
+            srcMac = rule.srcMac;
+            dstMac = rule.dstMac;
+        }
+
+        public boolean matches(@NonNull TetherOffloadRuleParcel parcel) {
+            return upstreamIfindex == parcel.inputInterfaceIndex
+                    && (downstreamIfindex == parcel.outputInterfaceIndex)
+                    && Arrays.equals(address.getAddress(), parcel.destination)
+                    && (128 == parcel.prefixLength)
+                    && Arrays.equals(srcMac.toByteArray(), parcel.srcL2Address)
+                    && Arrays.equals(dstMac.toByteArray(), parcel.dstL2Address);
+        }
+
+        public String toString() {
+            return String.format("TetherOffloadRuleParcelMatcher(%d, %d, %s, %s, %s",
+                    upstreamIfindex, downstreamIfindex, address.getHostAddress(), srcMac, dstMac);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    private TetherOffloadRuleParcel matches(@NonNull Ipv6ForwardingRule rule) {
+        return argThat(new TetherOffloadRuleParcelMatcher(rule));
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    private static Ipv6ForwardingRule buildTestForwardingRule(
+            int upstreamIfindex, @NonNull InetAddress address, @NonNull MacAddress dstMac) {
+        return new Ipv6ForwardingRule(upstreamIfindex, DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX, (Inet6Address) address,
+                DOWNSTREAM_MAC, dstMac);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRuleMakeTetherDownstream6Key() throws Exception {
+        final Integer mobileIfIndex = 100;
+        final Ipv6ForwardingRule rule = buildTestForwardingRule(mobileIfIndex, NEIGH_A, MAC_A);
+
+        final TetherDownstream6Key key = rule.makeTetherDownstream6Key();
+        assertEquals(key.iif, (long) mobileIfIndex);
+        assertEquals(key.dstMac, MacAddress.ALL_ZEROS_ADDRESS);  // rawip upstream
+        assertTrue(Arrays.equals(key.neigh6, NEIGH_A.getAddress()));
+        // iif (4) + dstMac(6) + padding(2) + neigh6 (16) = 28.
+        assertEquals(28, key.writeToBytes().length);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRuleMakeTether6Value() throws Exception {
+        final Integer mobileIfIndex = 100;
+        final Ipv6ForwardingRule rule = buildTestForwardingRule(mobileIfIndex, NEIGH_A, MAC_A);
+
+        final Tether6Value value = rule.makeTether6Value();
+        assertEquals(value.oif, DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX);
+        assertEquals(value.ethDstMac, MAC_A);
+        assertEquals(value.ethSrcMac, DOWNSTREAM_MAC);
+        assertEquals(value.ethProto, ETH_P_IPV6);
+        assertEquals(value.pmtu, NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_MTU);
+        // oif (4) + ethDstMac (6) + ethSrcMac (6) + ethProto (2) + pmtu (2) = 20.
+        assertEquals(20, value.writeToBytes().length);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetDataLimit() throws Exception {
+        setupFunctioningNetdInterface();
+
+        final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
+
+        final String mobileIface = "rmnet_data0";
+        final Integer mobileIfIndex = 100;
+        coordinator.addUpstreamNameToLookupTable(mobileIfIndex, mobileIface);
+
+        // [1] Default limit.
+        // Set the unlimited quota as default if the service has never applied a data limit for a
+        // given upstream. Note that the data limit only be applied on an upstream which has rules.
+        final Ipv6ForwardingRule rule = buildTestForwardingRule(mobileIfIndex, NEIGH_A, MAC_A);
+        final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mNetd, mBpfDownstream6Map, mBpfLimitMap, mBpfStatsMap);
+        coordinator.tetherOffloadRuleAdd(mIpServer, rule);
+        verifyTetherOffloadRuleAdd(inOrder, rule);
+        verifyTetherOffloadSetInterfaceQuota(inOrder, mobileIfIndex, QUOTA_UNLIMITED,
+                true /* isInit */);
+        inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
+
+        // [2] Specific limit.
+        // Applying the data limit boundary {min, 1gb, max, infinity} on current upstream.
+        for (final long quota : new long[] {0, 1048576000, Long.MAX_VALUE, QUOTA_UNLIMITED}) {
+            mTetherStatsProvider.onSetLimit(mobileIface, quota);
+            waitForIdle();
+            verifyTetherOffloadSetInterfaceQuota(inOrder, mobileIfIndex, quota,
+                    false /* isInit */);
+            inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
+        }
+
+        // [3] Invalid limit.
+        // The valid range of quota is 0..max_int64 or -1 (unlimited).
+        final long invalidLimit = Long.MIN_VALUE;
+        try {
+            mTetherStatsProvider.onSetLimit(mobileIface, invalidLimit);
+            waitForIdle();
+            fail("No exception thrown for invalid limit " + invalidLimit + ".");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+            assertEquals(expected.getMessage(), "invalid quota value " + invalidLimit);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Test the case in which the rules are changed from different IpServer objects.
+    @Test
+    public void testSetDataLimitOnRule6Change() throws Exception {
+        setupFunctioningNetdInterface();
+
+        final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
+
+        final String mobileIface = "rmnet_data0";
+        final Integer mobileIfIndex = 100;
+        coordinator.addUpstreamNameToLookupTable(mobileIfIndex, mobileIface);
+
+        // Applying a data limit to the current upstream does not take any immediate action.
+        // The data limit could be only set on an upstream which has rules.
+        final long limit = 12345;
+        final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mNetd, mBpfDownstream6Map, mBpfLimitMap, mBpfStatsMap);
+        mTetherStatsProvider.onSetLimit(mobileIface, limit);
+        waitForIdle();
+        verifyNeverTetherOffloadSetInterfaceQuota(inOrder);
+
+        // Adding the first rule on current upstream immediately sends the quota to netd.
+        final Ipv6ForwardingRule ruleA = buildTestForwardingRule(mobileIfIndex, NEIGH_A, MAC_A);
+        coordinator.tetherOffloadRuleAdd(mIpServer, ruleA);
+        verifyTetherOffloadRuleAdd(inOrder, ruleA);
+        verifyTetherOffloadSetInterfaceQuota(inOrder, mobileIfIndex, limit, true /* isInit */);
+        inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
+
+        // Adding the second rule on current upstream does not send the quota to netd.
+        final Ipv6ForwardingRule ruleB = buildTestForwardingRule(mobileIfIndex, NEIGH_B, MAC_B);
+        coordinator.tetherOffloadRuleAdd(mIpServer, ruleB);
+        verifyTetherOffloadRuleAdd(inOrder, ruleB);
+        verifyNeverTetherOffloadSetInterfaceQuota(inOrder);
+
+        // Removing the second rule on current upstream does not send the quota to netd.
+        coordinator.tetherOffloadRuleRemove(mIpServer, ruleB);
+        verifyTetherOffloadRuleRemove(inOrder, ruleB);
+        verifyNeverTetherOffloadSetInterfaceQuota(inOrder);
+
+        // Removing the last rule on current upstream immediately sends the cleanup stuff to netd.
+        updateStatsEntryForTetherOffloadGetAndClearStats(
+                buildTestTetherStatsParcel(mobileIfIndex, 0, 0, 0, 0));
+        coordinator.tetherOffloadRuleRemove(mIpServer, ruleA);
+        verifyTetherOffloadRuleRemove(inOrder, ruleA);
+        verifyTetherOffloadGetAndClearStats(inOrder, mobileIfIndex);
+        inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTetherOffloadRuleUpdateAndClear() throws Exception {
+        setupFunctioningNetdInterface();
+
+        final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
+
+        final String ethIface = "eth1";
+        final String mobileIface = "rmnet_data0";
+        final Integer ethIfIndex = 100;
+        final Integer mobileIfIndex = 101;
+        coordinator.addUpstreamNameToLookupTable(ethIfIndex, ethIface);
+        coordinator.addUpstreamNameToLookupTable(mobileIfIndex, mobileIface);
+
+        final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mNetd, mBpfDownstream6Map, mBpfUpstream6Map, mBpfLimitMap,
+                mBpfStatsMap);
+
+        // Before the rule test, here are the additional actions while the rules are changed.
+        // - After adding the first rule on a given upstream, the coordinator adds a data limit.
+        //   If the service has never applied the data limit, set an unlimited quota as default.
+        // - After removing the last rule on a given upstream, the coordinator gets the last stats.
+        //   Then, it clears the stats and the limit entry from BPF maps.
+        // See tetherOffloadRule{Add, Remove, Clear, Clean}.
+
+        // [1] Adding rules on the upstream Ethernet.
+        // Note that the default data limit is applied after the first rule is added.
+        final Ipv6ForwardingRule ethernetRuleA = buildTestForwardingRule(
+                ethIfIndex, NEIGH_A, MAC_A);
+        final Ipv6ForwardingRule ethernetRuleB = buildTestForwardingRule(
+                ethIfIndex, NEIGH_B, MAC_B);
+
+        coordinator.tetherOffloadRuleAdd(mIpServer, ethernetRuleA);
+        verifyTetherOffloadRuleAdd(inOrder, ethernetRuleA);
+        verifyTetherOffloadSetInterfaceQuota(inOrder, ethIfIndex, QUOTA_UNLIMITED,
+                true /* isInit */);
+        verifyStartUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(inOrder, DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX, DOWNSTREAM_MAC, ethIfIndex);
+        coordinator.tetherOffloadRuleAdd(mIpServer, ethernetRuleB);
+        verifyTetherOffloadRuleAdd(inOrder, ethernetRuleB);
+
+        // [2] Update the existing rules from Ethernet to cellular.
+        final Ipv6ForwardingRule mobileRuleA = buildTestForwardingRule(
+                mobileIfIndex, NEIGH_A, MAC_A);
+        final Ipv6ForwardingRule mobileRuleB = buildTestForwardingRule(
+                mobileIfIndex, NEIGH_B, MAC_B);
+        updateStatsEntryForTetherOffloadGetAndClearStats(
+                buildTestTetherStatsParcel(ethIfIndex, 10, 20, 30, 40));
+
+        // Update the existing rules for upstream changes. The rules are removed and re-added one
+        // by one for updating upstream interface index by #tetherOffloadRuleUpdate.
+        coordinator.tetherOffloadRuleUpdate(mIpServer, mobileIfIndex);
+        verifyTetherOffloadRuleRemove(inOrder, ethernetRuleA);
+        verifyTetherOffloadRuleRemove(inOrder, ethernetRuleB);
+        verifyStopUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(inOrder, DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX, DOWNSTREAM_MAC);
+        verifyTetherOffloadGetAndClearStats(inOrder, ethIfIndex);
+        verifyTetherOffloadRuleAdd(inOrder, mobileRuleA);
+        verifyTetherOffloadSetInterfaceQuota(inOrder, mobileIfIndex, QUOTA_UNLIMITED,
+                true /* isInit */);
+        verifyStartUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(inOrder, DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX, DOWNSTREAM_MAC,
+                mobileIfIndex);
+        verifyTetherOffloadRuleAdd(inOrder, mobileRuleB);
+
+        // [3] Clear all rules for a given IpServer.
+        updateStatsEntryForTetherOffloadGetAndClearStats(
+                buildTestTetherStatsParcel(mobileIfIndex, 50, 60, 70, 80));
+        coordinator.tetherOffloadRuleClear(mIpServer);
+        verifyTetherOffloadRuleRemove(inOrder, mobileRuleA);
+        verifyTetherOffloadRuleRemove(inOrder, mobileRuleB);
+        verifyStopUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(inOrder, DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX, DOWNSTREAM_MAC);
+        verifyTetherOffloadGetAndClearStats(inOrder, mobileIfIndex);
+
+        // [4] Force pushing stats update to verify that the last diff of stats is reported on all
+        // upstreams.
+        mTetherStatsProvider.pushTetherStats();
+        mTetherStatsProviderCb.expectNotifyStatsUpdated(
+                new NetworkStats(0L, 2)
+                .addEntry(buildTestEntry(STATS_PER_IFACE, ethIface, 10, 20, 30, 40))
+                .addEntry(buildTestEntry(STATS_PER_IFACE, mobileIface, 50, 60, 70, 80)),
+                new NetworkStats(0L, 2)
+                .addEntry(buildTestEntry(STATS_PER_UID, ethIface, 10, 20, 30, 40))
+                .addEntry(buildTestEntry(STATS_PER_UID, mobileIface, 50, 60, 70, 80)));
+    }
+
+    private void checkBpfDisabled() throws Exception {
+        // The caller may mock the global dependencies |mDeps| which is used in
+        // #makeBpfCoordinator for testing.
+        // See #testBpfDisabledbyNoBpfDownstream6Map.
+        final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
+        coordinator.startPolling();
+
+        // The tether stats polling task should not be scheduled.
+        mTestLooper.moveTimeForward(DEFAULT_TETHER_OFFLOAD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS);
+        waitForIdle();
+        verifyNeverTetherOffloadGetStats();
+
+        // The interface name lookup table can't be added.
+        final String iface = "rmnet_data0";
+        final Integer ifIndex = 100;
+        coordinator.addUpstreamNameToLookupTable(ifIndex, iface);
+        assertEquals(0, coordinator.getInterfaceNamesForTesting().size());
+
+        // The rule can't be added.
+        final InetAddress neigh = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1");
+        final MacAddress mac = MacAddress.fromString("00:00:00:00:00:0a");
+        final Ipv6ForwardingRule rule = buildTestForwardingRule(ifIndex, neigh, mac);
+        coordinator.tetherOffloadRuleAdd(mIpServer, rule);
+        verifyNeverTetherOffloadRuleAdd();
+        LinkedHashMap<Inet6Address, Ipv6ForwardingRule> rules =
+                coordinator.getForwardingRulesForTesting().get(mIpServer);
+        assertNull(rules);
+
+        // The rule can't be removed. This is not a realistic case because adding rule is not
+        // allowed. That implies no rule could be removed, cleared or updated. Verify these
+        // cases just in case.
+        rules = new LinkedHashMap<Inet6Address, Ipv6ForwardingRule>();
+        rules.put(rule.address, rule);
+        coordinator.getForwardingRulesForTesting().put(mIpServer, rules);
+        coordinator.tetherOffloadRuleRemove(mIpServer, rule);
+        verifyNeverTetherOffloadRuleRemove();
+        rules = coordinator.getForwardingRulesForTesting().get(mIpServer);
+        assertNotNull(rules);
+        assertEquals(1, rules.size());
+
+        // The rule can't be cleared.
+        coordinator.tetherOffloadRuleClear(mIpServer);
+        verifyNeverTetherOffloadRuleRemove();
+        rules = coordinator.getForwardingRulesForTesting().get(mIpServer);
+        assertNotNull(rules);
+        assertEquals(1, rules.size());
+
+        // The rule can't be updated.
+        coordinator.tetherOffloadRuleUpdate(mIpServer, rule.upstreamIfindex + 1 /* new */);
+        verifyNeverTetherOffloadRuleRemove();
+        verifyNeverTetherOffloadRuleAdd();
+        rules = coordinator.getForwardingRulesForTesting().get(mIpServer);
+        assertNotNull(rules);
+        assertEquals(1, rules.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBpfDisabledbyConfig() throws Exception {
+        setupFunctioningNetdInterface();
+        when(mTetherConfig.isBpfOffloadEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
+
+        checkBpfDisabled();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testBpfDisabledbyNoBpfDownstream6Map() throws Exception {
+        setupFunctioningNetdInterface();
+        doReturn(null).when(mDeps).getBpfDownstream6Map();
+
+        checkBpfDisabled();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testBpfDisabledbyNoBpfUpstream6Map() throws Exception {
+        setupFunctioningNetdInterface();
+        doReturn(null).when(mDeps).getBpfUpstream6Map();
+
+        checkBpfDisabled();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testBpfDisabledbyNoBpfDownstream4Map() throws Exception {
+        setupFunctioningNetdInterface();
+        doReturn(null).when(mDeps).getBpfDownstream4Map();
+
+        checkBpfDisabled();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testBpfDisabledbyNoBpfUpstream4Map() throws Exception {
+        setupFunctioningNetdInterface();
+        doReturn(null).when(mDeps).getBpfUpstream4Map();
+
+        checkBpfDisabled();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testBpfDisabledbyNoBpfStatsMap() throws Exception {
+        setupFunctioningNetdInterface();
+        doReturn(null).when(mDeps).getBpfStatsMap();
+
+        checkBpfDisabled();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testBpfDisabledbyNoBpfLimitMap() throws Exception {
+        setupFunctioningNetdInterface();
+        doReturn(null).when(mDeps).getBpfLimitMap();
+
+        checkBpfDisabled();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testBpfMapClear() throws Exception {
+        setupFunctioningNetdInterface();
+
+        final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
+        verify(mBpfDownstream4Map).clear();
+        verify(mBpfUpstream4Map).clear();
+        verify(mBpfDownstream6Map).clear();
+        verify(mBpfUpstream6Map).clear();
+        verify(mBpfStatsMap).clear();
+        verify(mBpfLimitMap).clear();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testAttachDetachBpfProgram() throws Exception {
+        setupFunctioningNetdInterface();
+
+        // Static mocking for BpfUtils.
+        MockitoSession mockSession = ExtendedMockito.mockitoSession()
+                .mockStatic(BpfUtils.class)
+                .startMocking();
+        try {
+            final String intIface1 = "wlan1";
+            final String intIface2 = "rndis0";
+            final String extIface = "rmnet_data0";
+            final String virtualIface = "ipsec0";
+            final BpfUtils mockMarkerBpfUtils = staticMockMarker(BpfUtils.class);
+            final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
+
+            // [1] Add the forwarding pair <wlan1, rmnet_data0>. Expect that attach both wlan1 and
+            // rmnet_data0.
+            coordinator.maybeAttachProgram(intIface1, extIface);
+            ExtendedMockito.verify(() -> BpfUtils.attachProgram(extIface, DOWNSTREAM));
+            ExtendedMockito.verify(() -> BpfUtils.attachProgram(intIface1, UPSTREAM));
+            ExtendedMockito.verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockMarkerBpfUtils);
+            ExtendedMockito.clearInvocations(mockMarkerBpfUtils);
+
+            // [2] Add the forwarding pair <wlan1, rmnet_data0> again. Expect no more action.
+            coordinator.maybeAttachProgram(intIface1, extIface);
+            ExtendedMockito.verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockMarkerBpfUtils);
+            ExtendedMockito.clearInvocations(mockMarkerBpfUtils);
+
+            // [3] Add the forwarding pair <rndis0, rmnet_data0>. Expect that attach rndis0 only.
+            coordinator.maybeAttachProgram(intIface2, extIface);
+            ExtendedMockito.verify(() -> BpfUtils.attachProgram(intIface2, UPSTREAM));
+            ExtendedMockito.verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockMarkerBpfUtils);
+            ExtendedMockito.clearInvocations(mockMarkerBpfUtils);
+
+            // [4] Remove the forwarding pair <rndis0, rmnet_data0>. Expect detach rndis0 only.
+            coordinator.maybeDetachProgram(intIface2, extIface);
+            ExtendedMockito.verify(() -> BpfUtils.detachProgram(intIface2));
+            ExtendedMockito.verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockMarkerBpfUtils);
+            ExtendedMockito.clearInvocations(mockMarkerBpfUtils);
+
+            // [5] Remove the forwarding pair <wlan1, rmnet_data0>. Expect that detach both wlan1
+            // and rmnet_data0.
+            coordinator.maybeDetachProgram(intIface1, extIface);
+            ExtendedMockito.verify(() -> BpfUtils.detachProgram(extIface));
+            ExtendedMockito.verify(() -> BpfUtils.detachProgram(intIface1));
+            ExtendedMockito.verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockMarkerBpfUtils);
+            ExtendedMockito.clearInvocations(mockMarkerBpfUtils);
+
+            // [6] Skip attaching if upstream is virtual interface.
+            coordinator.maybeAttachProgram(intIface1, virtualIface);
+            ExtendedMockito.verify(() -> BpfUtils.attachProgram(extIface, DOWNSTREAM), never());
+            ExtendedMockito.verify(() -> BpfUtils.attachProgram(intIface1, UPSTREAM), never());
+            ExtendedMockito.verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockMarkerBpfUtils);
+            ExtendedMockito.clearInvocations(mockMarkerBpfUtils);
+
+        } finally {
+            mockSession.finishMocking();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTetheringConfigSetPollingInterval() throws Exception {
+        setupFunctioningNetdInterface();
+
+        final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
+
+        // [1] The default polling interval.
+        coordinator.startPolling();
+        assertEquals(DEFAULT_TETHER_OFFLOAD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS, coordinator.getPollingInterval());
+        coordinator.stopPolling();
+
+        // [2] Expect the invalid polling interval isn't applied. The valid range of interval is
+        // DEFAULT_TETHER_OFFLOAD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS..max_long.
+        for (final int interval
+                : new int[] {0, 100, DEFAULT_TETHER_OFFLOAD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS - 1}) {
+            when(mTetherConfig.getOffloadPollInterval()).thenReturn(interval);
+            coordinator.startPolling();
+            assertEquals(DEFAULT_TETHER_OFFLOAD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS, coordinator.getPollingInterval());
+            coordinator.stopPolling();
+        }
+
+        // [3] Set a specific polling interval which is larger than default value.
+        // Use a large polling interval to avoid flaky test because the time forwarding
+        // approximation is used to verify the scheduled time of the polling thread.
+        final int pollingInterval = 100_000;
+        when(mTetherConfig.getOffloadPollInterval()).thenReturn(pollingInterval);
+        coordinator.startPolling();
+
+        // Expect the specific polling interval to be applied.
+        assertEquals(pollingInterval, coordinator.getPollingInterval());
+
+        // Start on a new polling time slot.
+        mTestLooper.moveTimeForward(pollingInterval);
+        waitForIdle();
+        clearStatsInvocations();
+
+        // Move time forward to 90% polling interval time. Expect that the polling thread has not
+        // scheduled yet.
+        mTestLooper.moveTimeForward((long) (pollingInterval * 0.9));
+        waitForIdle();
+        verifyNeverTetherOffloadGetStats();
+
+        // Move time forward to the remaining 10% polling interval time. Expect that the polling
+        // thread has scheduled.
+        mTestLooper.moveTimeForward((long) (pollingInterval * 0.1));
+        waitForIdle();
+        verifyTetherOffloadGetStats();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testStartStopConntrackMonitoring() throws Exception {
+        setupFunctioningNetdInterface();
+
+        final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
+
+        // [1] Don't stop monitoring if it has never started.
+        coordinator.stopMonitoring(mIpServer);
+        verify(mConntrackMonitor, never()).start();
+
+        // [2] Start monitoring.
+        coordinator.startMonitoring(mIpServer);
+        verify(mConntrackMonitor).start();
+        clearInvocations(mConntrackMonitor);
+
+        // [3] Stop monitoring.
+        coordinator.stopMonitoring(mIpServer);
+        verify(mConntrackMonitor).stop();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    @IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    // Only run this test on Android R.
+    public void testStartStopConntrackMonitoring_R() throws Exception {
+        setupFunctioningNetdInterface();
+
+        final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
+
+        coordinator.startMonitoring(mIpServer);
+        verify(mConntrackMonitor, never()).start();
+
+        coordinator.stopMonitoring(mIpServer);
+        verify(mConntrackMonitor, never()).stop();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testStartStopConntrackMonitoringWithTwoDownstreamIfaces() throws Exception {
+        setupFunctioningNetdInterface();
+
+        final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
+
+        // [1] Start monitoring at the first IpServer adding.
+        coordinator.startMonitoring(mIpServer);
+        verify(mConntrackMonitor).start();
+        clearInvocations(mConntrackMonitor);
+
+        // [2] Don't start monitoring at the second IpServer adding.
+        coordinator.startMonitoring(mIpServer2);
+        verify(mConntrackMonitor, never()).start();
+
+        // [3] Don't stop monitoring if any downstream interface exists.
+        coordinator.stopMonitoring(mIpServer2);
+        verify(mConntrackMonitor, never()).stop();
+
+        // [4] Stop monitoring if no downstream exists.
+        coordinator.stopMonitoring(mIpServer);
+        verify(mConntrackMonitor).stop();
+    }
+
+    // Test network topology:
+    //
+    //         public network (rawip)                 private network
+    //                   |                 UE                |
+    // +------------+    V    +------------+------------+    V    +------------+
+    // |   Sever    +---------+  Upstream  | Downstream +---------+   Client   |
+    // +------------+         +------------+------------+         +------------+
+    // remote ip              public ip                           private ip
+    // 140.112.8.116:443      1.0.0.1:62449                       192.168.80.12:62449
+    //
+
+    // Setup upstream interface to BpfCoordinator.
+    //
+    // @param coordinator BpfCoordinator instance.
+    // @param upstreamIfindex upstream interface index. can be the following values.
+    //        INVALID_IFINDEX: no upstream interface
+    //        UPSTREAM_IFINDEX: CELLULAR (raw ip interface)
+    //        UPSTREAM_IFINDEX2: WIFI (ethernet interface)
+    private void setUpstreamInformationTo(final BpfCoordinator coordinator,
+            @Nullable Integer upstreamIfindex) {
+        if (upstreamIfindex == INVALID_IFINDEX) {
+            coordinator.updateUpstreamNetworkState(null);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final UpstreamInformation upstreamInfo = UPSTREAM_INFORMATIONS.get(upstreamIfindex);
+        if (upstreamInfo == null) {
+            fail("Not support upstream interface index " + upstreamIfindex);
+        }
+
+        // Needed because BpfCoordinator#addUpstreamIfindexToMap queries interface parameter for
+        // interface index.
+        doReturn(upstreamInfo.interfaceParams).when(mDeps).getInterfaceParams(
+                upstreamInfo.interfaceParams.name);
+        coordinator.addUpstreamNameToLookupTable(upstreamInfo.interfaceParams.index,
+                upstreamInfo.interfaceParams.name);
+
+        final LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.setInterfaceName(upstreamInfo.interfaceParams.name);
+        lp.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress(upstreamInfo.address, 32 /* prefix length */));
+        final NetworkCapabilities capabilities = new NetworkCapabilities()
+                .addTransportType(upstreamInfo.transportType);
+        coordinator.updateUpstreamNetworkState(new UpstreamNetworkState(lp, capabilities,
+                new Network(upstreamInfo.netId)));
+    }
+
+    // Setup downstream interface and its client information to BpfCoordinator.
+    //
+    // @param coordinator BpfCoordinator instance.
+    // @param downstreamIfindex downstream interface index. can be the following values.
+    //        DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX: a client information which uses MAC_A is added.
+    //        DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX2: a client information which uses MAC_B is added.
+    // TODO: refactor this function once the client switches between each downstream interface.
+    private void addDownstreamAndClientInformationTo(final BpfCoordinator coordinator,
+            int downstreamIfindex) {
+        if (downstreamIfindex != DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX && downstreamIfindex != DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX2) {
+            fail("Not support downstream interface index " + downstreamIfindex);
+        }
+
+        if (downstreamIfindex == DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX) {
+            coordinator.tetherOffloadClientAdd(mIpServer, CLIENT_INFO_A);
+        } else {
+            coordinator.tetherOffloadClientAdd(mIpServer2, CLIENT_INFO_B);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void initBpfCoordinatorForRule4(final BpfCoordinator coordinator) throws Exception {
+        setUpstreamInformationTo(coordinator, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX);
+        addDownstreamAndClientInformationTo(coordinator, DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX);
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Test the IPv4 and IPv6 exist concurrently.
+    // TODO: Test the IPv4 rule delete failed.
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testSetDataLimitOnRule4Change() throws Exception {
+        final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
+        initBpfCoordinatorForRule4(coordinator);
+
+        // Applying a data limit to the current upstream does not take any immediate action.
+        // The data limit could be only set on an upstream which has rules.
+        final long limit = 12345;
+        final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mNetd, mBpfUpstream4Map, mBpfDownstream4Map, mBpfLimitMap,
+                mBpfStatsMap);
+        mTetherStatsProvider.onSetLimit(UPSTREAM_IFACE, limit);
+        waitForIdle();
+        verifyNeverTetherOffloadSetInterfaceQuota(inOrder);
+
+        // Build TCP and UDP rules for testing. Note that the values of {TCP, UDP} are the same
+        // because the protocol is not an element of the value. Consider using different address
+        // or port to make them different for better testing.
+        // TODO: Make the values of {TCP, UDP} rules different.
+        final Tether4Key expectedUpstream4KeyTcp = new TestUpstream4Key.Builder()
+                .setProto(IPPROTO_TCP).build();
+        final Tether4Key expectedDownstream4KeyTcp = new TestDownstream4Key.Builder()
+                .setProto(IPPROTO_TCP).build();
+        final Tether4Value expectedUpstream4ValueTcp = new TestUpstream4Value.Builder().build();
+        final Tether4Value expectedDownstream4ValueTcp = new TestDownstream4Value.Builder().build();
+
+        final Tether4Key expectedUpstream4KeyUdp = new TestUpstream4Key.Builder()
+                .setProto(IPPROTO_UDP).build();
+        final Tether4Key expectedDownstream4KeyUdp = new TestDownstream4Key.Builder()
+                .setProto(IPPROTO_UDP).build();
+        final Tether4Value expectedUpstream4ValueUdp = new TestUpstream4Value.Builder().build();
+        final Tether4Value expectedDownstream4ValueUdp = new TestDownstream4Value.Builder().build();
+
+        // [1] Adding the first rule on current upstream immediately sends the quota.
+        mConsumer.accept(new TestConntrackEvent.Builder()
+                .setMsgType(IPCTNL_MSG_CT_NEW)
+                .setProto(IPPROTO_TCP)
+                .build());
+        verifyTetherOffloadSetInterfaceQuota(inOrder, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, limit, true /* isInit */);
+        inOrder.verify(mBpfUpstream4Map)
+                .insertEntry(eq(expectedUpstream4KeyTcp), eq(expectedUpstream4ValueTcp));
+        inOrder.verify(mBpfDownstream4Map)
+                .insertEntry(eq(expectedDownstream4KeyTcp), eq(expectedDownstream4ValueTcp));
+        inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
+
+        // [2] Adding the second rule on current upstream does not send the quota.
+        mConsumer.accept(new TestConntrackEvent.Builder()
+                .setMsgType(IPCTNL_MSG_CT_NEW)
+                .setProto(IPPROTO_UDP)
+                .build());
+        verifyNeverTetherOffloadSetInterfaceQuota(inOrder);
+        inOrder.verify(mBpfUpstream4Map)
+                .insertEntry(eq(expectedUpstream4KeyUdp), eq(expectedUpstream4ValueUdp));
+        inOrder.verify(mBpfDownstream4Map)
+                .insertEntry(eq(expectedDownstream4KeyUdp), eq(expectedDownstream4ValueUdp));
+        inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
+
+        // [3] Removing the second rule on current upstream does not send the quota.
+        mConsumer.accept(new TestConntrackEvent.Builder()
+                .setMsgType(IPCTNL_MSG_CT_DELETE)
+                .setProto(IPPROTO_UDP)
+                .build());
+        verifyNeverTetherOffloadSetInterfaceQuota(inOrder);
+        inOrder.verify(mBpfUpstream4Map).deleteEntry(eq(expectedUpstream4KeyUdp));
+        inOrder.verify(mBpfDownstream4Map).deleteEntry(eq(expectedDownstream4KeyUdp));
+        inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
+
+        // [4] Removing the last rule on current upstream immediately sends the cleanup stuff.
+        updateStatsEntryForTetherOffloadGetAndClearStats(
+                buildTestTetherStatsParcel(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, 0, 0, 0, 0));
+        mConsumer.accept(new TestConntrackEvent.Builder()
+                .setMsgType(IPCTNL_MSG_CT_DELETE)
+                .setProto(IPPROTO_TCP)
+                .build());
+        inOrder.verify(mBpfUpstream4Map).deleteEntry(eq(expectedUpstream4KeyTcp));
+        inOrder.verify(mBpfDownstream4Map).deleteEntry(eq(expectedDownstream4KeyTcp));
+        verifyTetherOffloadGetAndClearStats(inOrder, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX);
+        inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testAddDevMapRule6() throws Exception {
+        final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
+
+        coordinator.addUpstreamNameToLookupTable(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+        final Ipv6ForwardingRule ruleA = buildTestForwardingRule(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, NEIGH_A, MAC_A);
+        final Ipv6ForwardingRule ruleB = buildTestForwardingRule(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, NEIGH_B, MAC_B);
+
+        coordinator.tetherOffloadRuleAdd(mIpServer, ruleA);
+        verify(mBpfDevMap).updateEntry(eq(new TetherDevKey(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX)),
+                eq(new TetherDevValue(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX)));
+        verify(mBpfDevMap).updateEntry(eq(new TetherDevKey(DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX)),
+                eq(new TetherDevValue(DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX)));
+        clearInvocations(mBpfDevMap);
+
+        coordinator.tetherOffloadRuleAdd(mIpServer, ruleB);
+        verify(mBpfDevMap, never()).updateEntry(any(), any());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testAddDevMapRule4() throws Exception {
+        final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
+        initBpfCoordinatorForRule4(coordinator);
+
+        mConsumer.accept(new TestConntrackEvent.Builder()
+                .setMsgType(IPCTNL_MSG_CT_NEW)
+                .setProto(IPPROTO_TCP)
+                .build());
+        verify(mBpfDevMap).updateEntry(eq(new TetherDevKey(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX)),
+                eq(new TetherDevValue(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX)));
+        verify(mBpfDevMap).updateEntry(eq(new TetherDevKey(DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX)),
+                eq(new TetherDevValue(DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX)));
+        clearInvocations(mBpfDevMap);
+
+        mConsumer.accept(new TestConntrackEvent.Builder()
+                .setMsgType(IPCTNL_MSG_CT_NEW)
+                .setProto(IPPROTO_UDP)
+                .build());
+        verify(mBpfDevMap, never()).updateEntry(any(), any());
+    }
+
+    private void setElapsedRealtimeNanos(long nanoSec) {
+        mElapsedRealtimeNanos = nanoSec;
+    }
+
+    private void checkRefreshConntrackTimeout(final TestBpfMap<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> bpfMap,
+            final Tether4Key tcpKey, final Tether4Value tcpValue, final Tether4Key udpKey,
+            final Tether4Value udpValue) throws Exception {
+        // Both system elapsed time since boot and the rule last used time are used to measure
+        // the rule expiration. In this test, all test rules are fixed the last used time to 0.
+        // Set the different testing elapsed time to make the rule to be valid or expired.
+        //
+        // Timeline:
+        // 0                                       60 (seconds)
+        // +---+---+---+---+--...--+---+---+---+---+---+- ..
+        // | CONNTRACK_TIMEOUT_UPDATE_INTERVAL_MS  |
+        // +---+---+---+---+--...--+---+---+---+---+---+- ..
+        // |<-          valid diff           ->|
+        // |<-          expired diff                 ->|
+        // ^                                   ^       ^
+        // last used time      elapsed time (valid)    elapsed time (expired)
+        final long validTime = (CONNTRACK_TIMEOUT_UPDATE_INTERVAL_MS - 1) * 1_000_000L;
+        final long expiredTime = (CONNTRACK_TIMEOUT_UPDATE_INTERVAL_MS + 1) * 1_000_000L;
+
+        // Static mocking for NetlinkSocket.
+        MockitoSession mockSession = ExtendedMockito.mockitoSession()
+                .mockStatic(NetlinkSocket.class)
+                .startMocking();
+        try {
+            final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
+            coordinator.startPolling();
+            bpfMap.insertEntry(tcpKey, tcpValue);
+            bpfMap.insertEntry(udpKey, udpValue);
+
+            // [1] Don't refresh conntrack timeout.
+            setElapsedRealtimeNanos(expiredTime);
+            mTestLooper.moveTimeForward(CONNTRACK_TIMEOUT_UPDATE_INTERVAL_MS);
+            waitForIdle();
+            ExtendedMockito.verifyNoMoreInteractions(staticMockMarker(NetlinkSocket.class));
+            ExtendedMockito.clearInvocations(staticMockMarker(NetlinkSocket.class));
+
+            // [2] Refresh conntrack timeout.
+            setElapsedRealtimeNanos(validTime);
+            mTestLooper.moveTimeForward(CONNTRACK_TIMEOUT_UPDATE_INTERVAL_MS);
+            waitForIdle();
+            final byte[] expectedNetlinkTcp = ConntrackMessage.newIPv4TimeoutUpdateRequest(
+                    IPPROTO_TCP, PRIVATE_ADDR, (int) PRIVATE_PORT, REMOTE_ADDR,
+                    (int) REMOTE_PORT, NF_CONNTRACK_TCP_TIMEOUT_ESTABLISHED);
+            final byte[] expectedNetlinkUdp = ConntrackMessage.newIPv4TimeoutUpdateRequest(
+                    IPPROTO_UDP, PRIVATE_ADDR, (int) PRIVATE_PORT, REMOTE_ADDR,
+                    (int) REMOTE_PORT, NF_CONNTRACK_UDP_TIMEOUT_STREAM);
+            ExtendedMockito.verify(() -> NetlinkSocket.sendOneShotKernelMessage(
+                    eq(NETLINK_NETFILTER), eq(expectedNetlinkTcp)));
+            ExtendedMockito.verify(() -> NetlinkSocket.sendOneShotKernelMessage(
+                    eq(NETLINK_NETFILTER), eq(expectedNetlinkUdp)));
+            ExtendedMockito.verifyNoMoreInteractions(staticMockMarker(NetlinkSocket.class));
+            ExtendedMockito.clearInvocations(staticMockMarker(NetlinkSocket.class));
+
+            // [3] Don't refresh conntrack timeout if polling stopped.
+            coordinator.stopPolling();
+            mTestLooper.moveTimeForward(CONNTRACK_TIMEOUT_UPDATE_INTERVAL_MS);
+            waitForIdle();
+            ExtendedMockito.verifyNoMoreInteractions(staticMockMarker(NetlinkSocket.class));
+            ExtendedMockito.clearInvocations(staticMockMarker(NetlinkSocket.class));
+        } finally {
+            mockSession.finishMocking();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testRefreshConntrackTimeout_Upstream4Map() throws Exception {
+        // TODO: Replace the dependencies BPF map with a non-mocked TestBpfMap object.
+        final TestBpfMap<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> bpfUpstream4Map =
+                new TestBpfMap<>(Tether4Key.class, Tether4Value.class);
+        doReturn(bpfUpstream4Map).when(mDeps).getBpfUpstream4Map();
+
+        final Tether4Key tcpKey = new TestUpstream4Key.Builder().setProto(IPPROTO_TCP).build();
+        final Tether4Key udpKey = new TestUpstream4Key.Builder().setProto(IPPROTO_UDP).build();
+        final Tether4Value tcpValue = new TestUpstream4Value.Builder().build();
+        final Tether4Value udpValue = new TestUpstream4Value.Builder().build();
+
+        checkRefreshConntrackTimeout(bpfUpstream4Map, tcpKey, tcpValue, udpKey, udpValue);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testRefreshConntrackTimeout_Downstream4Map() throws Exception {
+        // TODO: Replace the dependencies BPF map with a non-mocked TestBpfMap object.
+        final TestBpfMap<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> bpfDownstream4Map =
+                new TestBpfMap<>(Tether4Key.class, Tether4Value.class);
+        doReturn(bpfDownstream4Map).when(mDeps).getBpfDownstream4Map();
+
+        final Tether4Key tcpKey = new TestDownstream4Key.Builder().setProto(IPPROTO_TCP).build();
+        final Tether4Key udpKey = new TestDownstream4Key.Builder().setProto(IPPROTO_UDP).build();
+        final Tether4Value tcpValue = new TestDownstream4Value.Builder().build();
+        final Tether4Value udpValue = new TestDownstream4Value.Builder().build();
+
+        checkRefreshConntrackTimeout(bpfDownstream4Map, tcpKey, tcpValue, udpKey, udpValue);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testNotAllowOffloadByConntrackMessageDestinationPort() throws Exception {
+        final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
+        initBpfCoordinatorForRule4(coordinator);
+
+        final short offloadedPort = 42;
+        assertFalse(CollectionUtils.contains(NON_OFFLOADED_UPSTREAM_IPV4_TCP_PORTS,
+                offloadedPort));
+        mConsumer.accept(new TestConntrackEvent.Builder()
+                .setMsgType(IPCTNL_MSG_CT_NEW)
+                .setProto(IPPROTO_TCP)
+                .setRemotePort(offloadedPort)
+                .build());
+        verify(mBpfUpstream4Map).insertEntry(any(), any());
+        verify(mBpfDownstream4Map).insertEntry(any(), any());
+        clearInvocations(mBpfUpstream4Map, mBpfDownstream4Map);
+
+        for (final short port : NON_OFFLOADED_UPSTREAM_IPV4_TCP_PORTS) {
+            mConsumer.accept(new TestConntrackEvent.Builder()
+                    .setMsgType(IPCTNL_MSG_CT_NEW)
+                    .setProto(IPPROTO_TCP)
+                    .setRemotePort(port)
+                    .build());
+            verify(mBpfUpstream4Map, never()).insertEntry(any(), any());
+            verify(mBpfDownstream4Map, never()).insertEntry(any(), any());
+
+            mConsumer.accept(new TestConntrackEvent.Builder()
+                    .setMsgType(IPCTNL_MSG_CT_DELETE)
+                    .setProto(IPPROTO_TCP)
+                    .setRemotePort(port)
+                    .build());
+            verify(mBpfUpstream4Map, never()).deleteEntry(any());
+            verify(mBpfDownstream4Map, never()).deleteEntry(any());
+
+            mConsumer.accept(new TestConntrackEvent.Builder()
+                    .setMsgType(IPCTNL_MSG_CT_NEW)
+                    .setProto(IPPROTO_UDP)
+                    .setRemotePort(port)
+                    .build());
+            verify(mBpfUpstream4Map).insertEntry(any(), any());
+            verify(mBpfDownstream4Map).insertEntry(any(), any());
+            clearInvocations(mBpfUpstream4Map, mBpfDownstream4Map);
+
+            mConsumer.accept(new TestConntrackEvent.Builder()
+                    .setMsgType(IPCTNL_MSG_CT_DELETE)
+                    .setProto(IPPROTO_UDP)
+                    .setRemotePort(port)
+                    .build());
+            verify(mBpfUpstream4Map).deleteEntry(any());
+            verify(mBpfDownstream4Map).deleteEntry(any());
+            clearInvocations(mBpfUpstream4Map, mBpfDownstream4Map);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/ConnectedClientsTrackerTest.kt b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/ConnectedClientsTrackerTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d915354
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/ConnectedClientsTrackerTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering
+
+import android.net.LinkAddress
+import android.net.MacAddress
+import android.net.TetheredClient
+import android.net.TetheredClient.AddressInfo
+import android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_USB
+import android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI
+import android.net.ip.IpServer
+import android.net.wifi.WifiClient
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn
+import org.mockito.Mockito.mock
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertFalse
+import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+@SmallTest
+class ConnectedClientsTrackerTest {
+
+    private val server1 = mock(IpServer::class.java)
+    private val server2 = mock(IpServer::class.java)
+    private val servers = listOf(server1, server2)
+
+    private val clock = TestClock(1324L)
+
+    private val client1Addr = MacAddress.fromString("01:23:45:67:89:0A")
+    private val client1 = TetheredClient(client1Addr, listOf(
+            makeAddrInfo("192.168.43.44/32", null /* hostname */, clock.time + 20)),
+            TETHERING_WIFI)
+    private val wifiClient1 = makeWifiClient(client1Addr)
+    private val client2Addr = MacAddress.fromString("02:34:56:78:90:AB")
+    private val client2Exp30AddrInfo = makeAddrInfo(
+            "192.168.43.45/32", "my_hostname", clock.time + 30)
+    private val client2 = TetheredClient(client2Addr, listOf(
+            client2Exp30AddrInfo,
+            makeAddrInfo("2001:db8:12::34/72", "other_hostname", clock.time + 10)),
+            TETHERING_WIFI)
+    private val wifiClient2 = makeWifiClient(client2Addr)
+    private val client3Addr = MacAddress.fromString("03:45:67:89:0A:BC")
+    private val client3 = TetheredClient(client3Addr,
+            listOf(makeAddrInfo("2001:db8:34::34/72", "other_other_hostname", clock.time + 10)),
+            TETHERING_USB)
+
+    private fun makeAddrInfo(addr: String, hostname: String?, expTime: Long) =
+            LinkAddress(addr).let {
+                AddressInfo(LinkAddress(it.address, it.prefixLength, it.flags, it.scope,
+                        expTime /* deprecationTime */, expTime /* expirationTime */), hostname)
+            }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testUpdateConnectedClients() {
+        doReturn(emptyList<TetheredClient>()).`when`(server1).allLeases
+        doReturn(emptyList<TetheredClient>()).`when`(server2).allLeases
+
+        val tracker = ConnectedClientsTracker(clock)
+        assertFalse(tracker.updateConnectedClients(servers, null))
+
+        // Obtain a lease for client 1
+        doReturn(listOf(client1)).`when`(server1).allLeases
+        assertSameClients(listOf(client1), assertNewClients(tracker, servers, listOf(wifiClient1)))
+
+        // Client 2 L2-connected, no lease yet
+        val client2WithoutAddr = TetheredClient(client2Addr, emptyList(), TETHERING_WIFI)
+        assertSameClients(listOf(client1, client2WithoutAddr),
+                assertNewClients(tracker, servers, listOf(wifiClient1, wifiClient2)))
+
+        // Client 2 lease obtained
+        doReturn(listOf(client1, client2)).`when`(server1).allLeases
+        assertSameClients(listOf(client1, client2), assertNewClients(tracker, servers, null))
+
+        // Client 3 lease obtained
+        doReturn(listOf(client3)).`when`(server2).allLeases
+        assertSameClients(listOf(client1, client2, client3),
+                assertNewClients(tracker, servers, null))
+
+        // Client 2 L2-disconnected
+        assertSameClients(listOf(client1, client3),
+                assertNewClients(tracker, servers, listOf(wifiClient1)))
+
+        // Client 1 L2-disconnected
+        assertSameClients(listOf(client3), assertNewClients(tracker, servers, emptyList()))
+
+        // Client 1 comes back
+        assertSameClients(listOf(client1, client3),
+                assertNewClients(tracker, servers, listOf(wifiClient1)))
+
+        // Leases lost, client 1 still L2-connected
+        doReturn(emptyList<TetheredClient>()).`when`(server1).allLeases
+        doReturn(emptyList<TetheredClient>()).`when`(server2).allLeases
+        assertSameClients(listOf(TetheredClient(client1Addr, emptyList(), TETHERING_WIFI)),
+                assertNewClients(tracker, servers, null))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testUpdateConnectedClients_LeaseExpiration() {
+        val tracker = ConnectedClientsTracker(clock)
+        doReturn(listOf(client1, client2)).`when`(server1).allLeases
+        doReturn(listOf(client3)).`when`(server2).allLeases
+        assertSameClients(listOf(client1, client2, client3), assertNewClients(
+                tracker, servers, listOf(wifiClient1, wifiClient2)))
+
+        clock.time += 20
+        // Client 3 has no remaining lease: removed
+        val expectedClients = listOf(
+                // Client 1 has no remaining lease but is L2-connected
+                TetheredClient(client1Addr, emptyList(), TETHERING_WIFI),
+                // Client 2 has some expired leases
+                TetheredClient(
+                        client2Addr,
+                        // Only the "t + 30" address is left, the "t + 10" address expired
+                        listOf(client2Exp30AddrInfo),
+                        TETHERING_WIFI))
+        assertSameClients(expectedClients, assertNewClients(tracker, servers, null))
+    }
+
+    private fun assertNewClients(
+        tracker: ConnectedClientsTracker,
+        ipServers: Iterable<IpServer>,
+        wifiClients: List<WifiClient>?
+    ): List<TetheredClient> {
+        assertTrue(tracker.updateConnectedClients(ipServers, wifiClients))
+        return tracker.lastTetheredClients
+    }
+
+    private fun assertSameClients(expected: List<TetheredClient>, actual: List<TetheredClient>) {
+        val expectedSet = HashSet(expected)
+        assertEquals(expected.size, expectedSet.size)
+        assertEquals(expectedSet, HashSet(actual))
+    }
+
+    private fun makeWifiClient(macAddr: MacAddress): WifiClient {
+        // Use a mock WifiClient as the constructor is not part of the WiFi module exported API.
+        return mock(WifiClient::class.java).apply { doReturn(macAddr).`when`(this).macAddress }
+    }
+
+    private class TestClock(var time: Long) : ConnectedClientsTracker.Clock() {
+        override fun elapsedRealtime(): Long {
+            return time
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/EntitlementManagerTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/EntitlementManagerTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..690ff71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/EntitlementManagerTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,785 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+
+import static android.net.TetheringConstants.EXTRA_ADD_TETHER_TYPE;
+import static android.net.TetheringConstants.EXTRA_PROVISION_CALLBACK;
+import static android.net.TetheringConstants.EXTRA_RUN_PROVISION;
+import static android.net.TetheringConstants.EXTRA_TETHER_PROVISIONING_RESPONSE;
+import static android.net.TetheringConstants.EXTRA_TETHER_SILENT_PROVISIONING_ACTION;
+import static android.net.TetheringConstants.EXTRA_TETHER_SUBID;
+import static android.net.TetheringConstants.EXTRA_TETHER_UI_PROVISIONING_APP_NAME;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_BLUETOOTH;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_ETHERNET;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_INVALID;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_USB;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI_P2P;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKNOWN;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED;
+import static android.provider.DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY;
+import static android.telephony.SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID;
+
+import static com.android.dx.mockito.inline.extended.ExtendedMockito.doReturn;
+import static com.android.dx.mockito.inline.extended.ExtendedMockito.mockitoSession;
+import static com.android.networkstack.apishim.ConstantsShim.KEY_CARRIER_SUPPORTS_TETHERING_BOOL;
+import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt.SC_V2;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyBoolean;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyInt;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyLong;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyString;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.spy;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.app.AlarmManager;
+import android.app.PendingIntent;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.pm.ModuleInfo;
+import android.content.pm.PackageInfo;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.content.res.Resources;
+import android.net.util.SharedLog;
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.PersistableBundle;
+import android.os.ResultReceiver;
+import android.os.SystemProperties;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
+import android.os.test.TestLooper;
+import android.provider.DeviceConfig;
+import android.provider.Settings;
+import android.telephony.CarrierConfigManager;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.internal.util.test.BroadcastInterceptingContext;
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.InOrder;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+import org.mockito.MockitoSession;
+import org.mockito.quality.Strictness;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public final class EntitlementManagerTest {
+
+    private static final String[] PROVISIONING_APP_NAME = {"some", "app"};
+    private static final String PROVISIONING_NO_UI_APP_NAME = "no_ui_app";
+    private static final String PROVISIONING_APP_RESPONSE = "app_response";
+    private static final String TEST_PACKAGE_NAME = "com.android.tethering.test";
+    private static final String FAILED_TETHERING_REASON = "Tethering provisioning failed.";
+    private static final int RECHECK_TIMER_HOURS = 24;
+
+    @Mock private CarrierConfigManager mCarrierConfigManager;
+    @Mock private Context mContext;
+    @Mock private Resources mResources;
+    @Mock private SharedLog mLog;
+    @Mock private PackageManager mPm;
+    @Mock private EntitlementManager
+            .OnTetherProvisioningFailedListener mTetherProvisioningFailedListener;
+    @Mock private AlarmManager mAlarmManager;
+    @Mock private PendingIntent mAlarmIntent;
+
+    @Rule
+    public final DevSdkIgnoreRule ignoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
+
+    // Like so many Android system APIs, these cannot be mocked because it is marked final.
+    // We have to use the real versions.
+    private final PersistableBundle mCarrierConfig = new PersistableBundle();
+    private final TestLooper mLooper = new TestLooper();
+    private MockContext mMockContext;
+    private Runnable mPermissionChangeCallback;
+
+    private WrappedEntitlementManager mEnMgr;
+    private TetheringConfiguration mConfig;
+    private MockitoSession mMockingSession;
+
+    private class MockContext extends BroadcastInterceptingContext {
+        MockContext(Context base) {
+            super(base);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Resources getResources() {
+            return mResources;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Object getSystemService(String name) {
+            if (Context.ALARM_SERVICE.equals(name)) return mAlarmManager;
+
+            return super.getSystemService(name);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class WrappedEntitlementManager extends EntitlementManager {
+        public int fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKNOWN;
+        public int uiProvisionCount = 0;
+        public int silentProvisionCount = 0;
+
+        public WrappedEntitlementManager(Context ctx, Handler h, SharedLog log,
+                Runnable callback) {
+            super(ctx, h, log, callback);
+        }
+
+        public void reset() {
+            fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKNOWN;
+            uiProvisionCount = 0;
+            silentProvisionCount = 0;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected Intent runUiTetherProvisioning(int type,
+                final TetheringConfiguration config, final ResultReceiver receiver) {
+            Intent intent = super.runUiTetherProvisioning(type, config, receiver);
+            assertUiTetherProvisioningIntent(type, config, receiver, intent);
+            uiProvisionCount++;
+            receiver.send(fakeEntitlementResult, null);
+            return intent;
+        }
+
+        private void assertUiTetherProvisioningIntent(int type, final TetheringConfiguration config,
+                final ResultReceiver receiver, final Intent intent) {
+            assertEquals(Settings.ACTION_TETHER_PROVISIONING_UI, intent.getAction());
+            assertEquals(type, intent.getIntExtra(EXTRA_ADD_TETHER_TYPE, TETHERING_INVALID));
+            final String[] appName = intent.getStringArrayExtra(
+                    EXTRA_TETHER_UI_PROVISIONING_APP_NAME);
+            assertEquals(PROVISIONING_APP_NAME.length, appName.length);
+            for (int i = 0; i < PROVISIONING_APP_NAME.length; i++) {
+                assertEquals(PROVISIONING_APP_NAME[i], appName[i]);
+            }
+            assertEquals(receiver, intent.getParcelableExtra(EXTRA_PROVISION_CALLBACK));
+            assertEquals(config.activeDataSubId,
+                    intent.getIntExtra(EXTRA_TETHER_SUBID, INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected Intent runSilentTetherProvisioning(int type,
+                final TetheringConfiguration config, final ResultReceiver receiver) {
+            Intent intent = super.runSilentTetherProvisioning(type, config, receiver);
+            assertSilentTetherProvisioning(type, config, intent);
+            silentProvisionCount++;
+            addDownstreamMapping(type, fakeEntitlementResult);
+            return intent;
+        }
+
+        private void assertSilentTetherProvisioning(int type, final TetheringConfiguration config,
+                final Intent intent) {
+            assertEquals(type, intent.getIntExtra(EXTRA_ADD_TETHER_TYPE, TETHERING_INVALID));
+            assertEquals(true, intent.getBooleanExtra(EXTRA_RUN_PROVISION, false));
+            assertEquals(PROVISIONING_NO_UI_APP_NAME,
+                    intent.getStringExtra(EXTRA_TETHER_SILENT_PROVISIONING_ACTION));
+            assertEquals(PROVISIONING_APP_RESPONSE,
+                    intent.getStringExtra(EXTRA_TETHER_PROVISIONING_RESPONSE));
+            assertTrue(intent.hasExtra(EXTRA_PROVISION_CALLBACK));
+            assertEquals(config.activeDataSubId,
+                    intent.getIntExtra(EXTRA_TETHER_SUBID, INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        PendingIntent createRecheckAlarmIntent() {
+            return mAlarmIntent;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+        mMockingSession = mockitoSession()
+                .initMocks(this)
+                .mockStatic(SystemProperties.class)
+                .mockStatic(DeviceConfig.class)
+                .strictness(Strictness.WARN)
+                .startMocking();
+        // Don't disable tethering provisioning unless requested.
+        doReturn(false).when(
+                () -> SystemProperties.getBoolean(
+                eq(EntitlementManager.DISABLE_PROVISIONING_SYSPROP_KEY), anyBoolean()));
+        doReturn(null).when(
+                () -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(eq(NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY), anyString()));
+        doReturn(mPm).when(mContext).getPackageManager();
+        doReturn(TEST_PACKAGE_NAME).when(mContext).getPackageName();
+        doReturn(new PackageInfo()).when(mPm).getPackageInfo(anyString(), anyInt());
+        doReturn(new ModuleInfo()).when(mPm).getModuleInfo(anyString(), anyInt());
+
+        when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_tether_dhcp_range))
+                .thenReturn(new String[0]);
+        when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_tether_usb_regexs))
+                .thenReturn(new String[0]);
+        when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_tether_wifi_regexs))
+                .thenReturn(new String[0]);
+        when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_tether_bluetooth_regexs))
+                .thenReturn(new String[0]);
+        when(mResources.getIntArray(R.array.config_tether_upstream_types))
+                .thenReturn(new int[0]);
+        when(mResources.getBoolean(R.bool.config_tether_enable_legacy_dhcp_server)).thenReturn(
+                false);
+        when(mResources.getString(R.string.config_wifi_tether_enable)).thenReturn("");
+        when(mLog.forSubComponent(anyString())).thenReturn(mLog);
+
+        mMockContext = new MockContext(mContext);
+        mPermissionChangeCallback = spy(() -> { });
+        mEnMgr = new WrappedEntitlementManager(mMockContext, new Handler(mLooper.getLooper()), mLog,
+                mPermissionChangeCallback);
+        mEnMgr.setOnTetherProvisioningFailedListener(mTetherProvisioningFailedListener);
+        mConfig = new FakeTetheringConfiguration(mMockContext, mLog, INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID);
+        mEnMgr.setTetheringConfigurationFetcher(() -> {
+            return mConfig;
+        });
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        mMockingSession.finishMocking();
+    }
+
+    private void setupForRequiredProvisioning() {
+        // Produce some acceptable looking provision app setting if requested.
+        when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_mobile_hotspot_provision_app))
+                .thenReturn(PROVISIONING_APP_NAME);
+        when(mResources.getString(R.string.config_mobile_hotspot_provision_app_no_ui))
+                .thenReturn(PROVISIONING_NO_UI_APP_NAME);
+        when(mResources.getString(R.string.config_mobile_hotspot_provision_response)).thenReturn(
+                PROVISIONING_APP_RESPONSE);
+        when(mResources.getInteger(R.integer.config_mobile_hotspot_provision_check_period))
+                .thenReturn(RECHECK_TIMER_HOURS);
+        // Act like the CarrierConfigManager is present and ready unless told otherwise.
+        mockService(Context.CARRIER_CONFIG_SERVICE,
+                CarrierConfigManager.class, mCarrierConfigManager);
+        when(mCarrierConfigManager.getConfigForSubId(anyInt())).thenReturn(mCarrierConfig);
+        mCarrierConfig.putBoolean(CarrierConfigManager.KEY_REQUIRE_ENTITLEMENT_CHECKS_BOOL, true);
+        mCarrierConfig.putBoolean(CarrierConfigManager.KEY_CARRIER_CONFIG_APPLIED_BOOL, true);
+        mConfig = new FakeTetheringConfiguration(mMockContext, mLog, INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID);
+    }
+
+    private void setupCarrierConfig(boolean carrierSupported) {
+        mCarrierConfig.putBoolean(KEY_CARRIER_SUPPORTS_TETHERING_BOOL, carrierSupported);
+    }
+
+    private <T> void mockService(String serviceName, Class<T> serviceClass, T service) {
+        when(mMockContext.getSystemServiceName(serviceClass)).thenReturn(serviceName);
+        when(mMockContext.getSystemService(serviceName)).thenReturn(service);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void canRequireProvisioning() {
+        setupForRequiredProvisioning();
+        assertTrue(mEnMgr.isTetherProvisioningRequired(mConfig));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void toleratesCarrierConfigManagerMissing() {
+        setupForRequiredProvisioning();
+        mockService(Context.CARRIER_CONFIG_SERVICE, CarrierConfigManager.class, null);
+        mConfig = new FakeTetheringConfiguration(mMockContext, mLog, INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID);
+        // Couldn't get the CarrierConfigManager, but still had a declared provisioning app.
+        // Therefore provisioning still be required.
+        assertTrue(mEnMgr.isTetherProvisioningRequired(mConfig));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void toleratesCarrierConfigMissing() {
+        setupForRequiredProvisioning();
+        when(mCarrierConfigManager.getConfig()).thenReturn(null);
+        mConfig = new FakeTetheringConfiguration(mMockContext, mLog, INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID);
+        // We still have a provisioning app configured, so still require provisioning.
+        assertTrue(mEnMgr.isTetherProvisioningRequired(mConfig));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void toleratesCarrierConfigNotLoaded() {
+        setupForRequiredProvisioning();
+        mCarrierConfig.putBoolean(CarrierConfigManager.KEY_CARRIER_CONFIG_APPLIED_BOOL, false);
+        // We still have a provisioning app configured, so still require provisioning.
+        assertTrue(mEnMgr.isTetherProvisioningRequired(mConfig));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void provisioningNotRequiredWhenAppNotFound() {
+        setupForRequiredProvisioning();
+        when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_mobile_hotspot_provision_app))
+            .thenReturn(null);
+        mConfig = new FakeTetheringConfiguration(mMockContext, mLog, INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID);
+        assertFalse(mEnMgr.isTetherProvisioningRequired(mConfig));
+        when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_mobile_hotspot_provision_app))
+            .thenReturn(new String[] {"malformedApp"});
+        mConfig = new FakeTetheringConfiguration(mMockContext, mLog, INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID);
+        assertFalse(mEnMgr.isTetherProvisioningRequired(mConfig));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRequestLastEntitlementCacheValue() throws Exception {
+        // 1. Entitlement check is not required.
+        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+        ResultReceiver receiver = new ResultReceiver(null) {
+            @Override
+            protected void onReceiveResult(int resultCode, Bundle resultData) {
+                assertEquals(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR, resultCode);
+            }
+        };
+        mEnMgr.requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(TETHERING_WIFI, receiver, true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        assertEquals(0, mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount);
+        mEnMgr.reset();
+
+        setupForRequiredProvisioning();
+        // 2. No cache value and don't need to run entitlement check.
+        receiver = new ResultReceiver(null) {
+            @Override
+            protected void onReceiveResult(int resultCode, Bundle resultData) {
+                assertEquals(TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKNOWN, resultCode);
+            }
+        };
+        mEnMgr.requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(TETHERING_WIFI, receiver, false);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        assertEquals(0, mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount);
+        mEnMgr.reset();
+        // 3. No cache value and ui entitlement check is needed.
+        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED;
+        receiver = new ResultReceiver(null) {
+            @Override
+            protected void onReceiveResult(int resultCode, Bundle resultData) {
+                assertEquals(TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED, resultCode);
+            }
+        };
+        mEnMgr.requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(TETHERING_WIFI, receiver, true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        assertEquals(1, mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount);
+        mEnMgr.reset();
+        // 4. Cache value is TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED and don't need to run entitlement
+        // check.
+        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+        receiver = new ResultReceiver(null) {
+            @Override
+            protected void onReceiveResult(int resultCode, Bundle resultData) {
+                assertEquals(TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED, resultCode);
+            }
+        };
+        mEnMgr.requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(TETHERING_WIFI, receiver, false);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        assertEquals(0, mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount);
+        mEnMgr.reset();
+        // 5. Cache value is TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED and ui entitlement check is needed.
+        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+        receiver = new ResultReceiver(null) {
+            @Override
+            protected void onReceiveResult(int resultCode, Bundle resultData) {
+                assertEquals(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR, resultCode);
+            }
+        };
+        mEnMgr.requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(TETHERING_WIFI, receiver, true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        assertEquals(1, mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount);
+        mEnMgr.reset();
+        // 6. Cache value is TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR.
+        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+        receiver = new ResultReceiver(null) {
+            @Override
+            protected void onReceiveResult(int resultCode, Bundle resultData) {
+                assertEquals(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR, resultCode);
+            }
+        };
+        mEnMgr.requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(TETHERING_WIFI, receiver, true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        assertEquals(0, mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount);
+        mEnMgr.reset();
+        // 7. Test get value for other downstream type.
+        receiver = new ResultReceiver(null) {
+            @Override
+            protected void onReceiveResult(int resultCode, Bundle resultData) {
+                assertEquals(TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKNOWN, resultCode);
+            }
+        };
+        mEnMgr.requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(TETHERING_USB, receiver, false);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        assertEquals(0, mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount);
+        mEnMgr.reset();
+        // 8. Test get value for invalid downstream type.
+        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+        receiver = new ResultReceiver(null) {
+            @Override
+            protected void onReceiveResult(int resultCode, Bundle resultData) {
+                assertEquals(TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKNOWN, resultCode);
+            }
+        };
+        mEnMgr.requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(TETHERING_WIFI_P2P, receiver, true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        assertEquals(0, mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount);
+        mEnMgr.reset();
+    }
+
+    private void assertPermissionChangeCallback(InOrder inOrder) {
+        inOrder.verify(mPermissionChangeCallback, times(1)).run();
+    }
+
+    private void assertNoPermissionChange(InOrder inOrder) {
+        inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void verifyPermissionResult() {
+        final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mPermissionChangeCallback);
+        setupForRequiredProvisioning();
+        mEnMgr.notifyUpstream(true);
+        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED;
+        mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_WIFI, true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        // Permitted: true -> false
+        assertPermissionChangeCallback(inOrder);
+        assertFalse(mEnMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
+
+        mEnMgr.stopProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_WIFI);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        // Permitted: false -> false
+        assertNoPermissionChange(inOrder);
+
+        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+        mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_WIFI, true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        // Permitted: false -> true
+        assertPermissionChangeCallback(inOrder);
+        assertTrue(mEnMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void verifyPermissionIfAllNotApproved() {
+        final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mPermissionChangeCallback);
+        setupForRequiredProvisioning();
+        mEnMgr.notifyUpstream(true);
+        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED;
+        mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_WIFI, true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        // Permitted: true -> false
+        assertPermissionChangeCallback(inOrder);
+        assertFalse(mEnMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
+
+        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED;
+        mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_USB, true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        // Permitted: false -> false
+        assertNoPermissionChange(inOrder);
+        assertFalse(mEnMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
+
+        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED;
+        mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH, true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        // Permitted: false -> false
+        assertNoPermissionChange(inOrder);
+        assertFalse(mEnMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void verifyPermissionIfAnyApproved() {
+        final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mPermissionChangeCallback);
+        setupForRequiredProvisioning();
+        mEnMgr.notifyUpstream(true);
+        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+        mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_WIFI, true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        // Permitted: true -> true
+        assertNoPermissionChange(inOrder);
+        assertTrue(mEnMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
+
+        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED;
+        mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_USB, true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        // Permitted: true -> true
+        assertNoPermissionChange(inOrder);
+        assertTrue(mEnMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
+
+        mEnMgr.stopProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_WIFI);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        // Permitted: true -> false
+        assertPermissionChangeCallback(inOrder);
+        assertFalse(mEnMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void verifyPermissionWhenProvisioningNotStarted() {
+        final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mPermissionChangeCallback);
+        assertTrue(mEnMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
+        assertNoPermissionChange(inOrder);
+        setupForRequiredProvisioning();
+        assertFalse(mEnMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
+        assertNoPermissionChange(inOrder);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRunTetherProvisioning() {
+        final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mPermissionChangeCallback);
+        setupForRequiredProvisioning();
+        // 1. start ui provisioning, upstream is mobile
+        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+        mEnMgr.notifyUpstream(true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_USB, true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        assertEquals(1, mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount);
+        assertEquals(0, mEnMgr.silentProvisionCount);
+        // Permitted: true -> true
+        assertNoPermissionChange(inOrder);
+        assertTrue(mEnMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
+        mEnMgr.reset();
+
+        // 2. start no-ui provisioning
+        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+        mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_WIFI, false);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        assertEquals(0, mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount);
+        assertEquals(1, mEnMgr.silentProvisionCount);
+        // Permitted: true -> true
+        assertNoPermissionChange(inOrder);
+        assertTrue(mEnMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
+        mEnMgr.reset();
+
+        // 3. tear down mobile, then start ui provisioning
+        mEnMgr.notifyUpstream(false);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH, true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        assertEquals(0, mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount);
+        assertEquals(0, mEnMgr.silentProvisionCount);
+        assertNoPermissionChange(inOrder);
+        mEnMgr.reset();
+
+        // 4. switch upstream back to mobile
+        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+        mEnMgr.notifyUpstream(true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        assertEquals(1, mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount);
+        assertEquals(0, mEnMgr.silentProvisionCount);
+        // Permitted: true -> true
+        assertNoPermissionChange(inOrder);
+        assertTrue(mEnMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
+        mEnMgr.reset();
+
+        // 5. tear down mobile, then switch SIM
+        mEnMgr.notifyUpstream(false);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        mEnMgr.reevaluateSimCardProvisioning(mConfig);
+        assertEquals(0, mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount);
+        assertEquals(0, mEnMgr.silentProvisionCount);
+        assertNoPermissionChange(inOrder);
+        mEnMgr.reset();
+
+        // 6. switch upstream back to mobile again
+        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED;
+        mEnMgr.notifyUpstream(true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        assertEquals(0, mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount);
+        assertEquals(3, mEnMgr.silentProvisionCount);
+        // Permitted: true -> false
+        assertPermissionChangeCallback(inOrder);
+        assertFalse(mEnMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
+        mEnMgr.reset();
+
+        // 7. start ui provisioning, upstream is mobile, downstream is ethernet
+        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+        mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_ETHERNET, true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        assertEquals(1, mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount);
+        assertEquals(0, mEnMgr.silentProvisionCount);
+        // Permitted: false -> true
+        assertPermissionChangeCallback(inOrder);
+        assertTrue(mEnMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
+        mEnMgr.reset();
+
+        // 8. downstream is invalid
+        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+        mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_WIFI_P2P, true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        assertEquals(0, mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount);
+        assertEquals(0, mEnMgr.silentProvisionCount);
+        assertNoPermissionChange(inOrder);
+        mEnMgr.reset();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCallStopTetheringWhenUiProvisioningFail() {
+        setupForRequiredProvisioning();
+        verify(mTetherProvisioningFailedListener, times(0))
+                .onTetherProvisioningFailed(TETHERING_WIFI, FAILED_TETHERING_REASON);
+        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED;
+        mEnMgr.notifyUpstream(true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_WIFI, true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        assertEquals(1, mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount);
+        verify(mTetherProvisioningFailedListener, times(1))
+                .onTetherProvisioningFailed(TETHERING_WIFI, FAILED_TETHERING_REASON);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testsetExemptedDownstreamType() throws Exception {
+        setupForRequiredProvisioning();
+        // Cellular upstream is not permitted when no entitlement result.
+        assertFalse(mEnMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
+
+        // If there is exempted downstream and no other non-exempted downstreams, cellular is
+        // permitted.
+        mEnMgr.setExemptedDownstreamType(TETHERING_WIFI);
+        assertTrue(mEnMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
+
+        // If second downstream run entitlement check fail, cellular upstream is not permitted.
+        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED;
+        mEnMgr.notifyUpstream(true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_USB, true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        assertFalse(mEnMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
+
+        // When second downstream is down, exempted downstream can use cellular upstream.
+        assertEquals(1, mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount);
+        verify(mTetherProvisioningFailedListener).onTetherProvisioningFailed(TETHERING_USB,
+                FAILED_TETHERING_REASON);
+        mEnMgr.stopProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_USB);
+        assertTrue(mEnMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
+
+        mEnMgr.stopProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_WIFI);
+        assertFalse(mEnMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
+    }
+
+    private void sendProvisioningRecheckAlarm() {
+        final Intent intent = new Intent(EntitlementManager.ACTION_PROVISIONING_ALARM);
+        mMockContext.sendBroadcastAsUser(intent, UserHandle.ALL);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testScheduleProvisioningReCheck() throws Exception {
+        setupForRequiredProvisioning();
+        assertFalse(mEnMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
+
+        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+        mEnMgr.notifyUpstream(true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_WIFI, true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        assertTrue(mEnMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
+        verify(mAlarmManager).setExact(eq(AlarmManager.ELAPSED_REALTIME_WAKEUP), anyLong(),
+                eq(mAlarmIntent));
+        reset(mAlarmManager);
+
+        sendProvisioningRecheckAlarm();
+        verify(mAlarmManager).cancel(eq(mAlarmIntent));
+        verify(mAlarmManager).setExact(eq(AlarmManager.ELAPSED_REALTIME_WAKEUP), anyLong(),
+                eq(mAlarmIntent));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2)
+    public void requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult_carrierDoesNotSupport_noProvisionCount()
+            throws Exception {
+        setupForRequiredProvisioning();
+        setupCarrierConfig(false);
+        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+        ResultReceiver receiver = new ResultReceiver(null) {
+            @Override
+            protected void onReceiveResult(int resultCode, Bundle resultData) {
+                assertEquals(TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED, resultCode);
+            }
+        };
+        mEnMgr.requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(TETHERING_WIFI, receiver, false);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        assertEquals(0, mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount);
+        mEnMgr.reset();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2)
+    public void reevaluateSimCardProvisioning_carrierUnsupportAndSimswitch() {
+        setupForRequiredProvisioning();
+
+        // Start a tethering with cellular data without provisioning.
+        mEnMgr.notifyUpstream(true);
+        mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_WIFI, false);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        // Tear down mobile, then switch SIM.
+        mEnMgr.notifyUpstream(false);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        setupCarrierConfig(false);
+        mEnMgr.reevaluateSimCardProvisioning(mConfig);
+
+        // Turn on upstream.
+        mEnMgr.notifyUpstream(true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        verify(mTetherProvisioningFailedListener)
+                .onTetherProvisioningFailed(TETHERING_WIFI, "Carrier does not support.");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2)
+    public void startProvisioningIfNeeded_carrierUnsupport()
+            throws Exception {
+        setupForRequiredProvisioning();
+        setupCarrierConfig(false);
+        mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_WIFI, true);
+        verify(mTetherProvisioningFailedListener, never())
+                .onTetherProvisioningFailed(TETHERING_WIFI, "Carrier does not support.");
+
+        mEnMgr.notifyUpstream(true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verify(mTetherProvisioningFailedListener)
+                .onTetherProvisioningFailed(TETHERING_WIFI, "Carrier does not support.");
+        mEnMgr.stopProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_WIFI);
+        reset(mTetherProvisioningFailedListener);
+
+        mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_WIFI, true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verify(mTetherProvisioningFailedListener)
+                .onTetherProvisioningFailed(TETHERING_WIFI, "Carrier does not support.");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void isTetherProvisioningRequired_carrierUnSupport() {
+        setupForRequiredProvisioning();
+        setupCarrierConfig(false);
+        when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_mobile_hotspot_provision_app))
+                .thenReturn(new String[0]);
+        mConfig = new FakeTetheringConfiguration(mMockContext, mLog, INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID);
+
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
+            assertTrue(mEnMgr.isTetherProvisioningRequired(mConfig));
+        } else {
+            assertFalse(mEnMgr.isTetherProvisioningRequired(mConfig));
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/FakeTetheringConfiguration.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/FakeTetheringConfiguration.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac5c59d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/FakeTetheringConfiguration.java
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.res.Resources;
+import android.net.util.SharedLog;
+
+/** FakeTetheringConfiguration is used to override static method for testing. */
+public class FakeTetheringConfiguration extends TetheringConfiguration {
+    FakeTetheringConfiguration(Context ctx, SharedLog log, int id) {
+        super(ctx, log, id);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected String getDeviceConfigProperty(final String name) {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected boolean isFeatureEnabled(Context ctx, String featureVersionFlag) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected Resources getResourcesForSubIdWrapper(Context ctx, int subId) {
+        return ctx.getResources();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected String getSettingsValue(final String name) {
+        if (mContentResolver == null) return null;
+
+        return super.getSettingsValue(name);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/IPv6TetheringCoordinatorTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/IPv6TetheringCoordinatorTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2b5314
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/IPv6TetheringCoordinatorTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
+import static android.net.RouteInfo.RTN_UNICAST;
+import static android.net.ip.IpServer.STATE_LOCAL_ONLY;
+import static android.net.ip.IpServer.STATE_TETHERED;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verifyNoMoreInteractions;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.RouteInfo;
+import android.net.ip.IpServer;
+import android.net.util.SharedLog;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public class IPv6TetheringCoordinatorTest {
+    private static final String TEST_DNS_SERVER = "2001:4860:4860::8888";
+    private static final String TEST_INTERFACE = "test_rmnet0";
+    private static final String TEST_IPV6_ADDRESS = "2001:db8::1/64";
+    private static final String TEST_IPV4_ADDRESS = "192.168.100.1/24";
+
+    private IPv6TetheringCoordinator mIPv6TetheringCoordinator;
+    private ArrayList<IpServer> mNotifyList;
+
+    @Mock private SharedLog mSharedLog;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+        when(mSharedLog.forSubComponent(anyString())).thenReturn(mSharedLog);
+        mNotifyList = new ArrayList<IpServer>();
+        mIPv6TetheringCoordinator = new IPv6TetheringCoordinator(mNotifyList, mSharedLog);
+    }
+
+    private UpstreamNetworkState createDualStackUpstream(final int transportType) {
+        final Network network = mock(Network.class);
+        final NetworkCapabilities netCap =
+                new NetworkCapabilities.Builder().addTransportType(transportType).build();
+        final InetAddress dns = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(TEST_DNS_SERVER);
+        final LinkProperties linkProp = new LinkProperties();
+        linkProp.setInterfaceName(TEST_INTERFACE);
+        linkProp.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress(TEST_IPV6_ADDRESS));
+        linkProp.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress(TEST_IPV4_ADDRESS));
+        linkProp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix("::/0"), null, TEST_INTERFACE, RTN_UNICAST));
+        linkProp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix("0.0.0.0/0"), null, TEST_INTERFACE,
+                    RTN_UNICAST));
+        linkProp.addDnsServer(dns);
+        return new UpstreamNetworkState(linkProp, netCap, network);
+    }
+
+    private void assertOnlyOneV6AddressAndNoV4(LinkProperties lp) {
+        assertEquals(lp.getInterfaceName(), TEST_INTERFACE);
+        assertFalse(lp.hasIpv4Address());
+        final List<LinkAddress> addresses = lp.getLinkAddresses();
+        assertEquals(addresses.size(), 1);
+        final LinkAddress v6Address = addresses.get(0);
+        assertEquals(v6Address, new LinkAddress(TEST_IPV6_ADDRESS));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateIpv6Upstream() throws Exception {
+        // 1. Add first IpServer.
+        final IpServer firstServer = mock(IpServer.class);
+        mNotifyList.add(firstServer);
+        mIPv6TetheringCoordinator.addActiveDownstream(firstServer, STATE_TETHERED);
+        verify(firstServer).sendMessage(IpServer.CMD_IPV6_TETHER_UPDATE, 0, 0, null);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(firstServer);
+
+        // 2. Add second IpServer and it would not have ipv6 tethering.
+        final IpServer secondServer = mock(IpServer.class);
+        mNotifyList.add(secondServer);
+        mIPv6TetheringCoordinator.addActiveDownstream(secondServer, STATE_LOCAL_ONLY);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(secondServer);
+        reset(firstServer, secondServer);
+
+        // 3. No upstream.
+        mIPv6TetheringCoordinator.updateUpstreamNetworkState(null);
+        verify(secondServer).sendMessage(IpServer.CMD_IPV6_TETHER_UPDATE, 0, 0, null);
+        reset(firstServer, secondServer);
+
+        // 4. Update ipv6 mobile upstream.
+        final UpstreamNetworkState mobileUpstream = createDualStackUpstream(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        final ArgumentCaptor<LinkProperties> lp = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(LinkProperties.class);
+        mIPv6TetheringCoordinator.updateUpstreamNetworkState(mobileUpstream);
+        verify(firstServer).sendMessage(eq(IpServer.CMD_IPV6_TETHER_UPDATE), eq(-1), eq(0),
+                lp.capture());
+        final LinkProperties v6OnlyLink = lp.getValue();
+        assertOnlyOneV6AddressAndNoV4(v6OnlyLink);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(firstServer);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(secondServer);
+        reset(firstServer, secondServer);
+
+        // 5. Remove first IpServer.
+        mNotifyList.remove(firstServer);
+        mIPv6TetheringCoordinator.removeActiveDownstream(firstServer);
+        verify(firstServer).sendMessage(IpServer.CMD_IPV6_TETHER_UPDATE, 0, 0, null);
+        verify(secondServer).sendMessage(eq(IpServer.CMD_IPV6_TETHER_UPDATE), eq(-1), eq(0),
+                lp.capture());
+        final LinkProperties localOnlyLink = lp.getValue();
+        assertNotNull(localOnlyLink);
+        assertNotEquals(localOnlyLink, v6OnlyLink);
+        reset(firstServer, secondServer);
+
+        // 6. Remove second IpServer.
+        mNotifyList.remove(secondServer);
+        mIPv6TetheringCoordinator.removeActiveDownstream(secondServer);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(firstServer);
+        verify(secondServer).sendMessage(IpServer.CMD_IPV6_TETHER_UPDATE, 0, 0, null);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/MockTetheringService.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/MockTetheringService.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c07580
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/MockTetheringService.java
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+
+import static android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
+
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.util.ArrayMap;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+
+public class MockTetheringService extends TetheringService {
+    private final Tethering mTethering = mock(Tethering.class);
+    private final ArrayMap<String, Integer> mMockedPermissions = new ArrayMap<>();
+
+    @Override
+    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
+        return new MockTetheringConnector(super.onBind(intent));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Tethering makeTethering(TetheringDependencies deps) {
+        return mTethering;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    boolean checkAndNoteWriteSettingsOperation(@NonNull Context context, int uid,
+            @NonNull String callingPackage, @Nullable String callingAttributionTag,
+            boolean throwException) {
+        // Test this does not verify the calling package / UID, as calling package could be shell
+        // and not match the UID.
+        return context.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(WRITE_SETTINGS) == PERMISSION_GRANTED;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int checkCallingOrSelfPermission(String permission) {
+        final Integer mocked = mMockedPermissions.getOrDefault(permission, null);
+        if (mocked != null) {
+            return mocked;
+        }
+        return super.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(permission);
+    }
+
+    public Tethering getTethering() {
+        return mTethering;
+    }
+
+    public class MockTetheringConnector extends Binder {
+        final IBinder mBase;
+        MockTetheringConnector(IBinder base) {
+            mBase = base;
+        }
+
+        public IBinder getIBinder() {
+            return mBase;
+        }
+
+        public MockTetheringService getService() {
+            return MockTetheringService.this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Mock a permission
+         * @param permission Permission to mock
+         * @param granted One of PackageManager.PERMISSION_*, or null to reset to default behavior
+         */
+        public void setPermission(String permission, Integer granted) {
+            if (granted == null) {
+                mMockedPermissions.remove(permission);
+            } else {
+                mMockedPermissions.put(permission, granted);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadControllerTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadControllerTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e9716b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadControllerTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,940 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_NO;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.ROAMING_NO;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.SET_DEFAULT;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.UID_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.UID_TETHERING;
+import static android.net.RouteInfo.RTN_UNICAST;
+import static android.provider.Settings.Global.TETHER_OFFLOAD_DISABLED;
+
+import static com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel.isAtLeastT;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.OffloadController.StatsType.STATS_PER_IFACE;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.OffloadController.StatsType.STATS_PER_UID;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.OffloadHardwareInterface.ForwardedStats;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.OffloadHardwareInterface.OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_0;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.OffloadHardwareInterface.OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_1;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetheringConfiguration.DEFAULT_TETHER_OFFLOAD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertContainsAll;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertThrows;
+import static com.android.testutils.NetworkStatsUtilsKt.assertNetworkStatsEquals;
+
+import static junit.framework.Assert.assertNotNull;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyLong;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyObject;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyString;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.clearInvocations;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verifyNoMoreInteractions;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo;
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.NetworkStats;
+import android.net.NetworkStats.Entry;
+import android.net.RouteInfo;
+import android.net.netstats.provider.NetworkStatsProvider;
+import android.net.util.SharedLog;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.test.TestLooper;
+import android.provider.Settings;
+import android.provider.Settings.SettingNotFoundException;
+import android.test.mock.MockContentResolver;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.internal.util.test.FakeSettingsProvider;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkStatsProviderCbBinder;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.InOrder;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public class OffloadControllerTest {
+    @Rule
+    public final DevSdkIgnoreRule mIgnoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
+
+    private static final String RNDIS0 = "test_rndis0";
+    private static final String RMNET0 = "test_rmnet_data0";
+    private static final String WLAN0 = "test_wlan0";
+
+    private static final String IPV6_LINKLOCAL = "fe80::/64";
+    private static final String IPV6_DOC_PREFIX = "2001:db8::/64";
+    private static final String IPV6_DISCARD_PREFIX = "100::/64";
+    private static final String USB_PREFIX = "192.168.42.0/24";
+    private static final String WIFI_PREFIX = "192.168.43.0/24";
+    private static final long WAIT_FOR_IDLE_TIMEOUT = 2 * 1000;
+
+    @Mock private OffloadHardwareInterface mHardware;
+    @Mock private ApplicationInfo mApplicationInfo;
+    @Mock private Context mContext;
+    @Mock private NetworkStatsManager mStatsManager;
+    @Mock private TetheringConfiguration mTetherConfig;
+    // Late init since methods must be called by the thread that created this object.
+    private TestableNetworkStatsProviderCbBinder mTetherStatsProviderCb;
+    private OffloadController.OffloadTetheringStatsProvider mTetherStatsProvider;
+    private final ArgumentCaptor<ArrayList> mStringArrayCaptor =
+            ArgumentCaptor.forClass(ArrayList.class);
+    private final ArgumentCaptor<OffloadHardwareInterface.ControlCallback> mControlCallbackCaptor =
+            ArgumentCaptor.forClass(OffloadHardwareInterface.ControlCallback.class);
+    private MockContentResolver mContentResolver;
+    private final TestLooper mTestLooper = new TestLooper();
+    private OffloadController.Dependencies mDeps = new OffloadController.Dependencies() {
+        @Override
+        public TetheringConfiguration getTetherConfig() {
+            return mTetherConfig;
+        }
+    };
+
+    @Before public void setUp() {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+        when(mContext.getApplicationInfo()).thenReturn(mApplicationInfo);
+        when(mContext.getPackageName()).thenReturn("OffloadControllerTest");
+        mContentResolver = new MockContentResolver(mContext);
+        mContentResolver.addProvider(Settings.AUTHORITY, new FakeSettingsProvider());
+        when(mContext.getContentResolver()).thenReturn(mContentResolver);
+        FakeSettingsProvider.clearSettingsProvider();
+        when(mTetherConfig.getOffloadPollInterval()).thenReturn(-1); // Disabled.
+    }
+
+    @After public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        FakeSettingsProvider.clearSettingsProvider();
+    }
+
+    private void setupFunctioningHardwareInterface(int controlVersion) {
+        when(mHardware.initOffloadConfig()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mHardware.initOffloadControl(mControlCallbackCaptor.capture()))
+                .thenReturn(controlVersion);
+        when(mHardware.setUpstreamParameters(anyString(), any(), any(), any())).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mHardware.getForwardedStats(any())).thenReturn(new ForwardedStats());
+        when(mHardware.setDataLimit(anyString(), anyLong())).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mHardware.setDataWarningAndLimit(anyString(), anyLong(), anyLong())).thenReturn(true);
+    }
+
+    private void enableOffload() {
+        Settings.Global.putInt(mContentResolver, TETHER_OFFLOAD_DISABLED, 0);
+    }
+
+    private void setOffloadPollInterval(int interval) {
+        when(mTetherConfig.getOffloadPollInterval()).thenReturn(interval);
+    }
+
+    private void waitForIdle() {
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+    }
+
+    private OffloadController makeOffloadController() throws Exception {
+        OffloadController offload = new OffloadController(new Handler(mTestLooper.getLooper()),
+                mHardware, mContentResolver, mStatsManager, new SharedLog("test"), mDeps);
+        final ArgumentCaptor<OffloadController.OffloadTetheringStatsProvider>
+                tetherStatsProviderCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(OffloadController.OffloadTetheringStatsProvider.class);
+        verify(mStatsManager).registerNetworkStatsProvider(anyString(),
+                tetherStatsProviderCaptor.capture());
+        reset(mStatsManager);
+        mTetherStatsProvider = tetherStatsProviderCaptor.getValue();
+        assertNotNull(mTetherStatsProvider);
+        mTetherStatsProviderCb = new TestableNetworkStatsProviderCbBinder();
+        mTetherStatsProvider.setProviderCallbackBinder(mTetherStatsProviderCb);
+        return offload;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartStop() throws Exception {
+        stopOffloadController(
+                startOffloadController(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_0, true /*expectStart*/));
+        stopOffloadController(
+                startOffloadController(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_1, true /*expectStart*/));
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    private OffloadController startOffloadController(int controlVersion, boolean expectStart)
+            throws Exception {
+        setupFunctioningHardwareInterface(controlVersion);
+        final OffloadController offload = makeOffloadController();
+        offload.start();
+
+        final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mHardware);
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, times(1)).getDefaultTetherOffloadDisabled();
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, times(expectStart ? 1 : 0)).initOffloadConfig();
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, times(expectStart ? 1 : 0)).initOffloadControl(
+                any(OffloadHardwareInterface.ControlCallback.class));
+        inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
+        // Clear counters only instead of whole mock to preserve the mocking setup.
+        clearInvocations(mHardware);
+        return offload;
+    }
+
+    private void stopOffloadController(final OffloadController offload) throws Exception {
+        final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mHardware);
+        offload.stop();
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, times(1)).stopOffloadControl();
+        inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
+        reset(mHardware);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNoSettingsValueDefaultDisabledDoesNotStart() throws Exception {
+        when(mHardware.getDefaultTetherOffloadDisabled()).thenReturn(1);
+        assertThrows(SettingNotFoundException.class, () ->
+                Settings.Global.getInt(mContentResolver, TETHER_OFFLOAD_DISABLED));
+        startOffloadController(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_0, false /*expectStart*/);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNoSettingsValueDefaultEnabledDoesStart() throws Exception {
+        when(mHardware.getDefaultTetherOffloadDisabled()).thenReturn(0);
+        assertThrows(SettingNotFoundException.class, () ->
+                Settings.Global.getInt(mContentResolver, TETHER_OFFLOAD_DISABLED));
+        startOffloadController(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_0, true /*expectStart*/);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSettingsAllowsStart() throws Exception {
+        Settings.Global.putInt(mContentResolver, TETHER_OFFLOAD_DISABLED, 0);
+        startOffloadController(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_0, true /*expectStart*/);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSettingsDisablesStart() throws Exception {
+        Settings.Global.putInt(mContentResolver, TETHER_OFFLOAD_DISABLED, 1);
+        startOffloadController(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_0, false /*expectStart*/);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetUpstreamLinkPropertiesWorking() throws Exception {
+        enableOffload();
+        final OffloadController offload =
+                startOffloadController(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_0, true /*expectStart*/);
+
+        // In reality, the UpstreamNetworkMonitor would have passed down to us
+        // a covering set of local prefixes representing a minimum essential
+        // set plus all the prefixes on networks with network agents.
+        //
+        // We simulate that there, and then add upstream elements one by one
+        // and watch what happens.
+        final Set<IpPrefix> minimumLocalPrefixes = new HashSet<>();
+        for (String s : new String[]{
+                "127.0.0.0/8", "192.0.2.0/24", "fe80::/64", "2001:db8::/64"}) {
+            minimumLocalPrefixes.add(new IpPrefix(s));
+        }
+        offload.setLocalPrefixes(minimumLocalPrefixes);
+        final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mHardware);
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, times(1)).setLocalPrefixes(mStringArrayCaptor.capture());
+        ArrayList<String> localPrefixes = mStringArrayCaptor.getValue();
+        assertEquals(4, localPrefixes.size());
+        assertContainsAll(localPrefixes,
+                "127.0.0.0/8", "192.0.2.0/24", "fe80::/64", "2001:db8::/64");
+        inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
+
+        offload.setUpstreamLinkProperties(null);
+        // No change in local addresses means no call to setLocalPrefixes().
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, never()).setLocalPrefixes(mStringArrayCaptor.capture());
+        // This LinkProperties value does not differ from the default upstream.
+        // There should be no extraneous call to setUpstreamParameters().
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, never()).setUpstreamParameters(
+                anyObject(), anyObject(), anyObject(), anyObject());
+        inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
+
+        final LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+
+        final String testIfName = "rmnet_data17";
+        lp.setInterfaceName(testIfName);
+        offload.setUpstreamLinkProperties(lp);
+        // No change in local addresses means no call to setLocalPrefixes().
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, never()).setLocalPrefixes(mStringArrayCaptor.capture());
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, times(1)).setUpstreamParameters(
+                eq(testIfName), eq(null), eq(null), eq(null));
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, times(1)).setDataLimit(eq(testIfName), eq(Long.MAX_VALUE));
+        inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
+
+        final String ipv4Addr = "192.0.2.5";
+        final String linkAddr = ipv4Addr + "/24";
+        lp.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress(linkAddr));
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix("192.0.2.0/24"), null, null, RTN_UNICAST));
+        offload.setUpstreamLinkProperties(lp);
+        // IPv4 prefixes and addresses on the upstream are simply left as whole
+        // prefixes (already passed in from UpstreamNetworkMonitor code). If a
+        // tethering client sends traffic to the IPv4 default router or other
+        // clients on the upstream this will not be hardware-forwarded, and that
+        // should be fine for now. Ergo: no change in local addresses, no call
+        // to setLocalPrefixes().
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, never()).setLocalPrefixes(mStringArrayCaptor.capture());
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, times(1)).setUpstreamParameters(
+                eq(testIfName), eq(ipv4Addr), eq(null), eq(null));
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, times(1)).getForwardedStats(eq(testIfName));
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, times(1)).setDataLimit(eq(testIfName), eq(Long.MAX_VALUE));
+        inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
+
+        final String ipv4Gateway = "192.0.2.1";
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(null, InetAddress.getByName(ipv4Gateway), null, RTN_UNICAST));
+        offload.setUpstreamLinkProperties(lp);
+        // No change in local addresses means no call to setLocalPrefixes().
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, never()).setLocalPrefixes(mStringArrayCaptor.capture());
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, times(1)).setUpstreamParameters(
+                eq(testIfName), eq(ipv4Addr), eq(ipv4Gateway), eq(null));
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, times(1)).getForwardedStats(eq(testIfName));
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, times(1)).setDataLimit(eq(testIfName), eq(Long.MAX_VALUE));
+        inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
+
+        final String ipv6Gw1 = "fe80::cafe";
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(null, InetAddress.getByName(ipv6Gw1), null, RTN_UNICAST));
+        offload.setUpstreamLinkProperties(lp);
+        // No change in local addresses means no call to setLocalPrefixes().
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, never()).setLocalPrefixes(mStringArrayCaptor.capture());
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, times(1)).setUpstreamParameters(
+                eq(testIfName), eq(ipv4Addr), eq(ipv4Gateway), mStringArrayCaptor.capture());
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, times(1)).getForwardedStats(eq(testIfName));
+        ArrayList<String> v6gws = mStringArrayCaptor.getValue();
+        assertEquals(1, v6gws.size());
+        assertTrue(v6gws.contains(ipv6Gw1));
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, times(1)).setDataLimit(eq(testIfName), eq(Long.MAX_VALUE));
+        inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
+
+        final String ipv6Gw2 = "fe80::d00d";
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(null, InetAddress.getByName(ipv6Gw2), null, RTN_UNICAST));
+        offload.setUpstreamLinkProperties(lp);
+        // No change in local addresses means no call to setLocalPrefixes().
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, never()).setLocalPrefixes(mStringArrayCaptor.capture());
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, times(1)).setUpstreamParameters(
+                eq(testIfName), eq(ipv4Addr), eq(ipv4Gateway), mStringArrayCaptor.capture());
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, times(1)).getForwardedStats(eq(testIfName));
+        v6gws = mStringArrayCaptor.getValue();
+        assertEquals(2, v6gws.size());
+        assertTrue(v6gws.contains(ipv6Gw1));
+        assertTrue(v6gws.contains(ipv6Gw2));
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, times(1)).setDataLimit(eq(testIfName), eq(Long.MAX_VALUE));
+        inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
+
+        final LinkProperties stacked = new LinkProperties();
+        stacked.setInterfaceName("stacked");
+        stacked.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("192.0.2.129/25"));
+        stacked.addRoute(new RouteInfo(null, InetAddress.getByName("192.0.2.254"), null,
+                RTN_UNICAST));
+        stacked.addRoute(new RouteInfo(null, InetAddress.getByName("fe80::bad:f00"), null,
+                RTN_UNICAST));
+        assertTrue(lp.addStackedLink(stacked));
+        offload.setUpstreamLinkProperties(lp);
+        // No change in local addresses means no call to setLocalPrefixes().
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, never()).setLocalPrefixes(mStringArrayCaptor.capture());
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, times(1)).setUpstreamParameters(
+                eq(testIfName), eq(ipv4Addr), eq(ipv4Gateway), mStringArrayCaptor.capture());
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, times(1)).getForwardedStats(eq(testIfName));
+        v6gws = mStringArrayCaptor.getValue();
+        assertEquals(2, v6gws.size());
+        assertTrue(v6gws.contains(ipv6Gw1));
+        assertTrue(v6gws.contains(ipv6Gw2));
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, times(1)).setDataLimit(eq(testIfName), eq(Long.MAX_VALUE));
+        inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
+
+        // Add in some IPv6 upstream info. When there is a tethered downstream
+        // making use of the IPv6 prefix we would expect to see the /64 route
+        // removed from "local prefixes" and /128s added for the upstream IPv6
+        // addresses.  This is not yet implemented, and for now we simply
+        // expect to see these /128s.
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix("2001:db8::/64"), null, null, RTN_UNICAST));
+        // "2001:db8::/64" plus "assigned" ASCII in hex
+        lp.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("2001:db8::6173:7369:676e:6564/64"));
+        // "2001:db8::/64" plus "random" ASCII in hex
+        lp.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("2001:db8::7261:6e64:6f6d/64"));
+        offload.setUpstreamLinkProperties(lp);
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, times(1)).setLocalPrefixes(mStringArrayCaptor.capture());
+        localPrefixes = mStringArrayCaptor.getValue();
+        assertEquals(6, localPrefixes.size());
+        assertContainsAll(localPrefixes,
+                "127.0.0.0/8", "192.0.2.0/24", "fe80::/64", "2001:db8::/64",
+                "2001:db8::6173:7369:676e:6564/128", "2001:db8::7261:6e64:6f6d/128");
+        // The relevant parts of the LinkProperties have not changed, but at the
+        // moment we do not de-dup upstream LinkProperties this carefully.
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, times(1)).setUpstreamParameters(
+                eq(testIfName), eq(ipv4Addr), eq(ipv4Gateway), mStringArrayCaptor.capture());
+        v6gws = mStringArrayCaptor.getValue();
+        assertEquals(2, v6gws.size());
+        assertTrue(v6gws.contains(ipv6Gw1));
+        assertTrue(v6gws.contains(ipv6Gw2));
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, times(1)).getForwardedStats(eq(testIfName));
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, times(1)).setDataLimit(eq(testIfName), eq(Long.MAX_VALUE));
+        inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
+
+        // Completely identical LinkProperties updates are de-duped.
+        offload.setUpstreamLinkProperties(lp);
+        // This LinkProperties value does not differ from the default upstream.
+        // There should be no extraneous call to setUpstreamParameters().
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, never()).setUpstreamParameters(
+                anyObject(), anyObject(), anyObject(), anyObject());
+        inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
+    }
+
+    private static @NonNull Entry buildTestEntry(@NonNull OffloadController.StatsType how,
+            @NonNull String iface, long rxBytes, long txBytes) {
+        return new Entry(iface, how == STATS_PER_IFACE ? UID_ALL : UID_TETHERING, SET_DEFAULT,
+                TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, rxBytes, 0L,
+                txBytes, 0L, 0L);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetForwardedStats() throws Exception {
+        enableOffload();
+        final OffloadController offload =
+                startOffloadController(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_0, true /*expectStart*/);
+
+        final String ethernetIface = "eth1";
+        final String mobileIface = "rmnet_data0";
+
+        when(mHardware.getForwardedStats(eq(ethernetIface))).thenReturn(
+                new ForwardedStats(12345, 54321));
+        when(mHardware.getForwardedStats(eq(mobileIface))).thenReturn(
+                new ForwardedStats(999, 99999));
+
+        final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mHardware);
+
+        final LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.setInterfaceName(ethernetIface);
+        offload.setUpstreamLinkProperties(lp);
+        // Previous upstream was null, so no stats are fetched.
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, never()).getForwardedStats(any());
+
+        lp.setInterfaceName(mobileIface);
+        offload.setUpstreamLinkProperties(lp);
+        // Expect that we fetch stats from the previous upstream.
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, times(1)).getForwardedStats(eq(ethernetIface));
+
+        lp.setInterfaceName(ethernetIface);
+        offload.setUpstreamLinkProperties(lp);
+        // Expect that we fetch stats from the previous upstream.
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, times(1)).getForwardedStats(eq(mobileIface));
+
+        // Verify that the fetched stats are stored.
+        final NetworkStats ifaceStats = mTetherStatsProvider.getTetherStats(STATS_PER_IFACE);
+        final NetworkStats uidStats = mTetherStatsProvider.getTetherStats(STATS_PER_UID);
+        final NetworkStats expectedIfaceStats = new NetworkStats(0L, 2)
+                .addEntry(buildTestEntry(STATS_PER_IFACE, mobileIface, 999, 99999))
+                .addEntry(buildTestEntry(STATS_PER_IFACE, ethernetIface, 12345, 54321));
+
+        final NetworkStats expectedUidStats = new NetworkStats(0L, 2)
+                .addEntry(buildTestEntry(STATS_PER_UID, mobileIface, 999, 99999))
+                .addEntry(buildTestEntry(STATS_PER_UID, ethernetIface, 12345, 54321));
+
+        assertNetworkStatsEquals(expectedIfaceStats, ifaceStats);
+        assertNetworkStatsEquals(expectedUidStats, uidStats);
+
+        // Force pushing stats update to verify the stats reported.
+        mTetherStatsProvider.pushTetherStats();
+        mTetherStatsProviderCb.expectNotifyStatsUpdated(expectedIfaceStats, expectedUidStats);
+
+        when(mHardware.getForwardedStats(eq(ethernetIface))).thenReturn(
+                new ForwardedStats(100000, 100000));
+        offload.setUpstreamLinkProperties(null);
+        // Expect that we first clear the HAL's upstream parameters.
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, times(1)).setUpstreamParameters(
+                eq(""), eq("0.0.0.0"), eq("0.0.0.0"), eq(null));
+        // Expect that we fetch stats from the previous upstream.
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, times(1)).getForwardedStats(eq(ethernetIface));
+
+        // There is no current upstream, so no stats are fetched.
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, never()).getForwardedStats(any());
+        inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
+
+        // Verify that the stored stats is accumulated.
+        final NetworkStats ifaceStatsAccu = mTetherStatsProvider.getTetherStats(STATS_PER_IFACE);
+        final NetworkStats uidStatsAccu = mTetherStatsProvider.getTetherStats(STATS_PER_UID);
+        final NetworkStats expectedIfaceStatsAccu = new NetworkStats(0L, 2)
+                .addEntry(buildTestEntry(STATS_PER_IFACE, mobileIface, 999, 99999))
+                .addEntry(buildTestEntry(STATS_PER_IFACE, ethernetIface, 112345, 154321));
+
+        final NetworkStats expectedUidStatsAccu = new NetworkStats(0L, 2)
+                .addEntry(buildTestEntry(STATS_PER_UID, mobileIface, 999, 99999))
+                .addEntry(buildTestEntry(STATS_PER_UID, ethernetIface, 112345, 154321));
+
+        assertNetworkStatsEquals(expectedIfaceStatsAccu, ifaceStatsAccu);
+        assertNetworkStatsEquals(expectedUidStatsAccu, uidStatsAccu);
+
+        // Verify that only diff of stats is reported.
+        mTetherStatsProvider.pushTetherStats();
+        final NetworkStats expectedIfaceStatsDiff = new NetworkStats(0L, 2)
+                .addEntry(buildTestEntry(STATS_PER_IFACE, mobileIface, 0, 0))
+                .addEntry(buildTestEntry(STATS_PER_IFACE, ethernetIface, 100000, 100000));
+
+        final NetworkStats expectedUidStatsDiff = new NetworkStats(0L, 2)
+                .addEntry(buildTestEntry(STATS_PER_UID, mobileIface, 0, 0))
+                .addEntry(buildTestEntry(STATS_PER_UID, ethernetIface, 100000, 100000));
+        mTetherStatsProviderCb.expectNotifyStatsUpdated(expectedIfaceStatsDiff,
+                expectedUidStatsDiff);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test OffloadController with different combinations of HAL and framework versions can set
+     * data warning and/or limit correctly.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSetDataWarningAndLimit() throws Exception {
+        // Verify the OffloadController is called by R framework, where the framework doesn't send
+        // warning.
+        // R only uses HAL 1.0.
+        checkSetDataWarningAndLimit(false, OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_0);
+        // Verify the OffloadController is called by S+ framework, where the framework sends
+        // warning along with limit.
+        checkSetDataWarningAndLimit(true, OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_0);
+        checkSetDataWarningAndLimit(true, OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_1);
+    }
+
+    private void checkSetDataWarningAndLimit(boolean isProviderSetWarning, int controlVersion)
+            throws Exception {
+        enableOffload();
+        final OffloadController offload =
+                startOffloadController(controlVersion, true /*expectStart*/);
+
+        final String ethernetIface = "eth1";
+        final String mobileIface = "rmnet_data0";
+        final long ethernetLimit = 12345;
+        final long mobileWarning = 123456;
+        final long mobileLimit = 12345678;
+
+        final LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.setInterfaceName(ethernetIface);
+
+        final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mHardware);
+        when(mHardware.setUpstreamParameters(
+                any(), any(), any(), any())).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mHardware.setDataLimit(anyString(), anyLong())).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mHardware.setDataWarningAndLimit(anyString(), anyLong(), anyLong())).thenReturn(true);
+        offload.setUpstreamLinkProperties(lp);
+        // Applying an interface sends the initial quota to the hardware.
+        if (controlVersion >= OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_1) {
+            inOrder.verify(mHardware).setDataWarningAndLimit(ethernetIface, Long.MAX_VALUE,
+                    Long.MAX_VALUE);
+        } else {
+            inOrder.verify(mHardware).setDataLimit(ethernetIface, Long.MAX_VALUE);
+        }
+        inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
+
+        // Verify that set to unlimited again won't cause duplicated calls to the hardware.
+        if (isProviderSetWarning) {
+            mTetherStatsProvider.onSetWarningAndLimit(ethernetIface,
+                    NetworkStatsProvider.QUOTA_UNLIMITED, NetworkStatsProvider.QUOTA_UNLIMITED);
+        } else {
+            mTetherStatsProvider.onSetLimit(ethernetIface, NetworkStatsProvider.QUOTA_UNLIMITED);
+        }
+        waitForIdle();
+        inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
+
+        // Applying an interface quota to the current upstream immediately sends it to the hardware.
+        if (isProviderSetWarning) {
+            mTetherStatsProvider.onSetWarningAndLimit(ethernetIface,
+                    NetworkStatsProvider.QUOTA_UNLIMITED, ethernetLimit);
+        } else {
+            mTetherStatsProvider.onSetLimit(ethernetIface, ethernetLimit);
+        }
+        waitForIdle();
+        if (controlVersion >= OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_1) {
+            inOrder.verify(mHardware).setDataWarningAndLimit(ethernetIface, Long.MAX_VALUE,
+                    ethernetLimit);
+        } else {
+            inOrder.verify(mHardware).setDataLimit(ethernetIface, ethernetLimit);
+        }
+        inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
+
+        // Applying an interface quota to another upstream does not take any immediate action.
+        if (isProviderSetWarning) {
+            mTetherStatsProvider.onSetWarningAndLimit(mobileIface, mobileWarning, mobileLimit);
+        } else {
+            mTetherStatsProvider.onSetLimit(mobileIface, mobileLimit);
+        }
+        waitForIdle();
+        if (controlVersion >= OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_1) {
+            inOrder.verify(mHardware, never()).setDataWarningAndLimit(anyString(), anyLong(),
+                    anyLong());
+        } else {
+            inOrder.verify(mHardware, never()).setDataLimit(anyString(), anyLong());
+        }
+
+        // Switching to that upstream causes the quota to be applied if the parameters were applied
+        // correctly.
+        lp.setInterfaceName(mobileIface);
+        offload.setUpstreamLinkProperties(lp);
+        waitForIdle();
+        if (controlVersion >= OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_1) {
+            inOrder.verify(mHardware).setDataWarningAndLimit(mobileIface,
+                    isProviderSetWarning ? mobileWarning : Long.MAX_VALUE,
+                    mobileLimit);
+        } else {
+            inOrder.verify(mHardware).setDataLimit(mobileIface, mobileLimit);
+        }
+
+        // Setting a limit of NetworkStatsProvider.QUOTA_UNLIMITED causes the limit to be set
+        // to Long.MAX_VALUE.
+        if (isProviderSetWarning) {
+            mTetherStatsProvider.onSetWarningAndLimit(mobileIface,
+                    NetworkStatsProvider.QUOTA_UNLIMITED, NetworkStatsProvider.QUOTA_UNLIMITED);
+        } else {
+            mTetherStatsProvider.onSetLimit(mobileIface, NetworkStatsProvider.QUOTA_UNLIMITED);
+        }
+        waitForIdle();
+        if (controlVersion >= OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_1) {
+            inOrder.verify(mHardware).setDataWarningAndLimit(mobileIface, Long.MAX_VALUE,
+                    Long.MAX_VALUE);
+        } else {
+            inOrder.verify(mHardware).setDataLimit(mobileIface, Long.MAX_VALUE);
+        }
+
+        // If setting upstream parameters fails, then the data warning and limit is not set.
+        when(mHardware.setUpstreamParameters(any(), any(), any(), any())).thenReturn(false);
+        lp.setInterfaceName(ethernetIface);
+        offload.setUpstreamLinkProperties(lp);
+        if (isProviderSetWarning) {
+            mTetherStatsProvider.onSetWarningAndLimit(mobileIface, mobileWarning, mobileLimit);
+        } else {
+            mTetherStatsProvider.onSetLimit(mobileIface, mobileLimit);
+        }
+        waitForIdle();
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, never()).setDataLimit(anyString(), anyLong());
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, never()).setDataWarningAndLimit(anyString(), anyLong(),
+                anyLong());
+
+        // If setting the data warning and/or limit fails while changing upstreams, offload is
+        // stopped.
+        when(mHardware.setUpstreamParameters(any(), any(), any(), any())).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mHardware.setDataLimit(anyString(), anyLong())).thenReturn(false);
+        when(mHardware.setDataWarningAndLimit(anyString(), anyLong(), anyLong())).thenReturn(false);
+        lp.setInterfaceName(mobileIface);
+        offload.setUpstreamLinkProperties(lp);
+        if (isProviderSetWarning) {
+            mTetherStatsProvider.onSetWarningAndLimit(mobileIface, mobileWarning, mobileLimit);
+        } else {
+            mTetherStatsProvider.onSetLimit(mobileIface, mobileLimit);
+        }
+        waitForIdle();
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware).getForwardedStats(ethernetIface);
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware).stopOffloadControl();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDataWarningAndLimitCallback_LimitReached() throws Exception {
+        enableOffload();
+        startOffloadController(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_0, true /*expectStart*/);
+
+        final OffloadHardwareInterface.ControlCallback callback = mControlCallbackCaptor.getValue();
+        callback.onStoppedLimitReached();
+        mTetherStatsProviderCb.expectNotifyStatsUpdated();
+
+        if (isAtLeastT()) {
+            mTetherStatsProviderCb.expectNotifyLimitReached();
+        } else if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT == Build.VERSION_CODES.S) {
+            mTetherStatsProviderCb.expectNotifyWarningOrLimitReached();
+        } else {
+            mTetherStatsProviderCb.expectNotifyLimitReached();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)  // HAL 1.1 is only supported from S
+    public void testDataWarningAndLimitCallback_WarningReached() throws Exception {
+        startOffloadController(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_1, true /*expectStart*/);
+        final OffloadHardwareInterface.ControlCallback callback = mControlCallbackCaptor.getValue();
+        callback.onWarningReached();
+        mTetherStatsProviderCb.expectNotifyStatsUpdated();
+
+        if (isAtLeastT()) {
+            mTetherStatsProviderCb.expectNotifyWarningReached();
+        } else {
+            mTetherStatsProviderCb.expectNotifyWarningOrLimitReached();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAddRemoveDownstreams() throws Exception {
+        enableOffload();
+        final OffloadController offload =
+                startOffloadController(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_0, true /*expectStart*/);
+        final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mHardware);
+
+        // Tethering makes several calls to setLocalPrefixes() before add/remove
+        // downstream calls are made. This is not tested here; only the behavior
+        // of notifyDownstreamLinkProperties() and removeDownstreamInterface()
+        // are tested.
+
+        // [1] USB tethering is started.
+        final LinkProperties usbLinkProperties = new LinkProperties();
+        usbLinkProperties.setInterfaceName(RNDIS0);
+        usbLinkProperties.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("192.168.42.1/24"));
+        usbLinkProperties.addRoute(
+                new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(USB_PREFIX), null, null, RTN_UNICAST));
+        offload.notifyDownstreamLinkProperties(usbLinkProperties);
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, times(1)).addDownstreamPrefix(RNDIS0, USB_PREFIX);
+        inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
+
+        // [2] Routes for IPv6 link-local prefixes should never be added.
+        usbLinkProperties.addRoute(
+                new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(IPV6_LINKLOCAL), null, null, RTN_UNICAST));
+        offload.notifyDownstreamLinkProperties(usbLinkProperties);
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, never()).addDownstreamPrefix(eq(RNDIS0), anyString());
+        inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
+
+        // [3] Add an IPv6 prefix for good measure. Only new offload-able
+        // prefixes should be passed to the HAL.
+        usbLinkProperties.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("2001:db8::1/64"));
+        usbLinkProperties.addRoute(
+                new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(IPV6_DOC_PREFIX), null, null, RTN_UNICAST));
+        offload.notifyDownstreamLinkProperties(usbLinkProperties);
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, times(1)).addDownstreamPrefix(RNDIS0, IPV6_DOC_PREFIX);
+        inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
+
+        // [4] Adding addresses doesn't affect notifyDownstreamLinkProperties().
+        // The address is passed in by a separate setLocalPrefixes() invocation.
+        usbLinkProperties.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("2001:db8::2/64"));
+        offload.notifyDownstreamLinkProperties(usbLinkProperties);
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, never()).addDownstreamPrefix(eq(RNDIS0), anyString());
+
+        // [5] Differences in local routes are converted into addDownstream()
+        // and removeDownstream() invocations accordingly.
+        usbLinkProperties.removeRoute(
+                new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(IPV6_DOC_PREFIX), null, RNDIS0, RTN_UNICAST));
+        usbLinkProperties.addRoute(
+                new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(IPV6_DISCARD_PREFIX), null, null, RTN_UNICAST));
+        offload.notifyDownstreamLinkProperties(usbLinkProperties);
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, times(1)).removeDownstreamPrefix(RNDIS0, IPV6_DOC_PREFIX);
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, times(1)).addDownstreamPrefix(RNDIS0, IPV6_DISCARD_PREFIX);
+        inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
+
+        // [6] Removing a downstream interface which was never added causes no
+        // interactions with the HAL.
+        offload.removeDownstreamInterface(WLAN0);
+        inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
+
+        // [7] Removing an active downstream removes all remaining prefixes.
+        offload.removeDownstreamInterface(RNDIS0);
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, times(1)).removeDownstreamPrefix(RNDIS0, USB_PREFIX);
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, times(1)).removeDownstreamPrefix(RNDIS0, IPV6_DISCARD_PREFIX);
+        inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testControlCallbackOnStoppedUnsupportedFetchesAllStats() throws Exception {
+        enableOffload();
+        final OffloadController offload =
+                startOffloadController(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_0, true /*expectStart*/);
+
+        // Pretend to set a few different upstreams (only the interface name
+        // matters for this test; we're ignoring IP and route information).
+        final LinkProperties upstreamLp = new LinkProperties();
+        for (String ifname : new String[]{RMNET0, WLAN0, RMNET0}) {
+            upstreamLp.setInterfaceName(ifname);
+            offload.setUpstreamLinkProperties(upstreamLp);
+        }
+
+        // Clear invocation history, especially the getForwardedStats() calls
+        // that happen with setUpstreamParameters().
+        clearInvocations(mHardware);
+
+        OffloadHardwareInterface.ControlCallback callback = mControlCallbackCaptor.getValue();
+        callback.onStoppedUnsupported();
+
+        // Verify forwarded stats behaviour.
+        verify(mHardware, times(1)).getForwardedStats(eq(RMNET0));
+        verify(mHardware, times(1)).getForwardedStats(eq(WLAN0));
+        // TODO: verify the exact stats reported.
+        mTetherStatsProviderCb.expectNotifyStatsUpdated();
+        mTetherStatsProviderCb.assertNoCallback();
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mHardware);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testControlCallbackOnSupportAvailableFetchesAllStatsAndPushesAllParameters()
+            throws Exception {
+        enableOffload();
+        final OffloadController offload =
+                startOffloadController(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_0, true /*expectStart*/);
+
+        // Pretend to set a few different upstreams (only the interface name
+        // matters for this test; we're ignoring IP and route information).
+        final LinkProperties upstreamLp = new LinkProperties();
+        for (String ifname : new String[]{RMNET0, WLAN0, RMNET0}) {
+            upstreamLp.setInterfaceName(ifname);
+            offload.setUpstreamLinkProperties(upstreamLp);
+        }
+
+        // Pretend that some local prefixes and downstreams have been added
+        // (and removed, for good measure).
+        final Set<IpPrefix> minimumLocalPrefixes = new HashSet<>();
+        for (String s : new String[]{
+                "127.0.0.0/8", "192.0.2.0/24", "fe80::/64", "2001:db8::/64"}) {
+            minimumLocalPrefixes.add(new IpPrefix(s));
+        }
+        offload.setLocalPrefixes(minimumLocalPrefixes);
+
+        final LinkProperties usbLinkProperties = new LinkProperties();
+        usbLinkProperties.setInterfaceName(RNDIS0);
+        usbLinkProperties.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("192.168.42.1/24"));
+        usbLinkProperties.addRoute(
+                new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(USB_PREFIX), null, null, RTN_UNICAST));
+        offload.notifyDownstreamLinkProperties(usbLinkProperties);
+
+        final LinkProperties wifiLinkProperties = new LinkProperties();
+        wifiLinkProperties.setInterfaceName(WLAN0);
+        wifiLinkProperties.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("192.168.43.1/24"));
+        wifiLinkProperties.addRoute(
+                new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(WIFI_PREFIX), null, null, RTN_UNICAST));
+        wifiLinkProperties.addRoute(
+                new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(IPV6_LINKLOCAL), null, null, RTN_UNICAST));
+        // Use a benchmark prefix (RFC 5180 + erratum), since the documentation
+        // prefix is included in the excluded prefix list.
+        wifiLinkProperties.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("2001:2::1/64"));
+        wifiLinkProperties.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("2001:2::2/64"));
+        wifiLinkProperties.addRoute(
+                new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix("2001:2::/64"), null, null, RTN_UNICAST));
+        offload.notifyDownstreamLinkProperties(wifiLinkProperties);
+
+        offload.removeDownstreamInterface(RNDIS0);
+
+        // Clear invocation history, especially the getForwardedStats() calls
+        // that happen with setUpstreamParameters().
+        clearInvocations(mHardware);
+
+        OffloadHardwareInterface.ControlCallback callback = mControlCallbackCaptor.getValue();
+        callback.onSupportAvailable();
+
+        // Verify forwarded stats behaviour.
+        verify(mHardware, times(1)).getForwardedStats(eq(RMNET0));
+        verify(mHardware, times(1)).getForwardedStats(eq(WLAN0));
+        mTetherStatsProviderCb.expectNotifyStatsUpdated();
+        mTetherStatsProviderCb.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // TODO: verify local prefixes and downstreams are also pushed to the HAL.
+        verify(mHardware, times(1)).setLocalPrefixes(mStringArrayCaptor.capture());
+        ArrayList<String> localPrefixes = mStringArrayCaptor.getValue();
+        assertEquals(4, localPrefixes.size());
+        assertContainsAll(localPrefixes,
+                // TODO: The logic to find and exclude downstream IP prefixes
+                // is currently in Tethering's OffloadWrapper but must be moved
+                // into OffloadController proper. After this, also check for:
+                //     "192.168.43.1/32", "2001:2::1/128", "2001:2::2/128"
+                "127.0.0.0/8", "192.0.2.0/24", "fe80::/64", "2001:db8::/64");
+        verify(mHardware, times(1)).addDownstreamPrefix(WLAN0, "192.168.43.0/24");
+        verify(mHardware, times(1)).addDownstreamPrefix(WLAN0, "2001:2::/64");
+        verify(mHardware, times(1)).setUpstreamParameters(eq(RMNET0), any(), any(), any());
+        verify(mHardware, times(1)).setDataLimit(eq(RMNET0), anyLong());
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mHardware);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOnSetAlert() throws Exception {
+        enableOffload();
+        setOffloadPollInterval(DEFAULT_TETHER_OFFLOAD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS);
+        final OffloadController offload =
+                startOffloadController(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_0, true /*expectStart*/);
+
+        // Initialize with fake eth upstream.
+        final String ethernetIface = "eth1";
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mHardware);
+        offload.setUpstreamLinkProperties(makeEthernetLinkProperties());
+        // Previous upstream was null, so no stats are fetched.
+        inOrder.verify(mHardware, never()).getForwardedStats(any());
+
+        // Verify that set quota to 0 will immediately triggers an callback.
+        mTetherStatsProvider.onSetAlert(0);
+        waitForIdle();
+        mTetherStatsProviderCb.expectNotifyAlertReached();
+
+        // Verify that notifyAlertReached never fired if quota is not yet reached.
+        when(mHardware.getForwardedStats(eq(ethernetIface))).thenReturn(
+                new ForwardedStats(0, 0));
+        mTetherStatsProvider.onSetAlert(100);
+        mTestLooper.moveTimeForward(DEFAULT_TETHER_OFFLOAD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS);
+        waitForIdle();
+        mTetherStatsProviderCb.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // Verify that notifyAlertReached fired when quota is reached.
+        when(mHardware.getForwardedStats(eq(ethernetIface))).thenReturn(
+                new ForwardedStats(50, 50));
+        mTestLooper.moveTimeForward(DEFAULT_TETHER_OFFLOAD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS);
+        waitForIdle();
+        mTetherStatsProviderCb.expectNotifyAlertReached();
+
+        // Verify that set quota with UNLIMITED won't trigger any callback, and won't fetch
+        // any stats since the polling is stopped.
+        reset(mHardware);
+        mTetherStatsProvider.onSetAlert(NetworkStatsProvider.QUOTA_UNLIMITED);
+        mTestLooper.moveTimeForward(DEFAULT_TETHER_OFFLOAD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS);
+        waitForIdle();
+        mTetherStatsProviderCb.assertNoCallback();
+        verify(mHardware, never()).getForwardedStats(any());
+    }
+
+    private static LinkProperties makeEthernetLinkProperties() {
+        final String ethernetIface = "eth1";
+        final LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.setInterfaceName(ethernetIface);
+        return lp;
+    }
+
+    private void checkSoftwarePollingUsed(int controlVersion) throws Exception {
+        enableOffload();
+        setOffloadPollInterval(DEFAULT_TETHER_OFFLOAD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS);
+        OffloadController offload =
+                startOffloadController(controlVersion, true /*expectStart*/);
+        offload.setUpstreamLinkProperties(makeEthernetLinkProperties());
+        mTetherStatsProvider.onSetAlert(0);
+        waitForIdle();
+        if (controlVersion >= OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_1) {
+            mTetherStatsProviderCb.assertNoCallback();
+        } else {
+            mTetherStatsProviderCb.expectNotifyAlertReached();
+        }
+        verify(mHardware, never()).getForwardedStats(any());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSoftwarePollingUsed() throws Exception {
+        checkSoftwarePollingUsed(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_0);
+        checkSoftwarePollingUsed(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_1);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadHardwareInterfaceTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadHardwareInterfaceTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d1891ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadHardwareInterfaceTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,321 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_UNIX;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_STREAM;
+
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.OffloadHardwareInterface.OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_0;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.OffloadHardwareInterface.OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_1;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.TetheringUtils.uint16;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.spy;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.hardware.tetheroffload.config.V1_0.IOffloadConfig;
+import android.hardware.tetheroffload.control.V1_0.IOffloadControl;
+import android.hardware.tetheroffload.control.V1_0.NatTimeoutUpdate;
+import android.hardware.tetheroffload.control.V1_0.NetworkProtocol;
+import android.hardware.tetheroffload.control.V1_1.ITetheringOffloadCallback;
+import android.hardware.tetheroffload.control.V1_1.OffloadCallbackEvent;
+import android.net.util.SharedLog;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.NativeHandle;
+import android.os.test.TestLooper;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.system.Os;
+import android.system.OsConstants;
+import android.util.Pair;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.StructNfGenMsg;
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.StructNlMsgHdr;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.InOrder;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public final class OffloadHardwareInterfaceTest {
+    private static final String RMNET0 = "test_rmnet_data0";
+
+    private final TestLooper mTestLooper = new TestLooper();
+
+    private OffloadHardwareInterface mOffloadHw;
+    private ITetheringOffloadCallback mTetheringOffloadCallback;
+    private OffloadHardwareInterface.ControlCallback mControlCallback;
+
+    @Mock private IOffloadConfig mIOffloadConfig;
+    private IOffloadControl mIOffloadControl;
+    @Mock private NativeHandle mNativeHandle;
+
+    // Random values to test Netlink message.
+    private static final short TEST_TYPE = 184;
+    private static final short TEST_FLAGS = 263;
+
+    class MyDependencies extends OffloadHardwareInterface.Dependencies {
+        private final int mMockControlVersion;
+        MyDependencies(SharedLog log, final int mockControlVersion) {
+            super(log);
+            mMockControlVersion = mockControlVersion;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public IOffloadConfig getOffloadConfig() {
+            return mIOffloadConfig;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Pair<IOffloadControl, Integer> getOffloadControl() {
+            switch (mMockControlVersion) {
+                case OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_0:
+                    mIOffloadControl = mock(IOffloadControl.class);
+                    break;
+                case OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_1:
+                    mIOffloadControl =
+                            mock(android.hardware.tetheroffload.control.V1_1.IOffloadControl.class);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid offload control version "
+                            + mMockControlVersion);
+            }
+            return new Pair<IOffloadControl, Integer>(mIOffloadControl, mMockControlVersion);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public NativeHandle createConntrackSocket(final int groups) {
+            return mNativeHandle;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+        mControlCallback = spy(new OffloadHardwareInterface.ControlCallback());
+    }
+
+    private void startOffloadHardwareInterface(int controlVersion) throws Exception {
+        final SharedLog log = new SharedLog("test");
+        mOffloadHw = new OffloadHardwareInterface(new Handler(mTestLooper.getLooper()), log,
+                new MyDependencies(log, controlVersion));
+        mOffloadHw.initOffloadConfig();
+        mOffloadHw.initOffloadControl(mControlCallback);
+        final ArgumentCaptor<ITetheringOffloadCallback> mOffloadCallbackCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(ITetheringOffloadCallback.class);
+        verify(mIOffloadControl).initOffload(mOffloadCallbackCaptor.capture(), any());
+        mTetheringOffloadCallback = mOffloadCallbackCaptor.getValue();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetForwardedStats() throws Exception {
+        startOffloadHardwareInterface(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_0);
+        final OffloadHardwareInterface.ForwardedStats stats = mOffloadHw.getForwardedStats(RMNET0);
+        verify(mIOffloadControl).getForwardedStats(eq(RMNET0), any());
+        assertNotNull(stats);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetLocalPrefixes() throws Exception {
+        startOffloadHardwareInterface(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_0);
+        final ArrayList<String> localPrefixes = new ArrayList<>();
+        localPrefixes.add("127.0.0.0/8");
+        localPrefixes.add("fe80::/64");
+        mOffloadHw.setLocalPrefixes(localPrefixes);
+        verify(mIOffloadControl).setLocalPrefixes(eq(localPrefixes), any());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetDataLimit() throws Exception {
+        startOffloadHardwareInterface(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_0);
+        final long limit = 12345;
+        mOffloadHw.setDataLimit(RMNET0, limit);
+        verify(mIOffloadControl).setDataLimit(eq(RMNET0), eq(limit), any());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetDataWarningAndLimit() throws Exception {
+        // Verify V1.0 control HAL would reject the function call with exception.
+        startOffloadHardwareInterface(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_0);
+        final long warning = 12345;
+        final long limit = 67890;
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> mOffloadHw.setDataWarningAndLimit(RMNET0, warning, limit));
+        reset(mIOffloadControl);
+
+        // Verify V1.1 control HAL could receive this function call.
+        startOffloadHardwareInterface(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_1);
+        mOffloadHw.setDataWarningAndLimit(RMNET0, warning, limit);
+        verify((android.hardware.tetheroffload.control.V1_1.IOffloadControl) mIOffloadControl)
+                .setDataWarningAndLimit(eq(RMNET0), eq(warning), eq(limit), any());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetUpstreamParameters() throws Exception {
+        startOffloadHardwareInterface(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_0);
+        final String v4addr = "192.168.10.1";
+        final String v4gateway = "192.168.10.255";
+        final ArrayList<String> v6gws = new ArrayList<>(0);
+        v6gws.add("2001:db8::1");
+        mOffloadHw.setUpstreamParameters(RMNET0, v4addr, v4gateway, v6gws);
+        verify(mIOffloadControl).setUpstreamParameters(eq(RMNET0), eq(v4addr), eq(v4gateway),
+                eq(v6gws), any());
+
+        final ArgumentCaptor<ArrayList<String>> mArrayListCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(ArrayList.class);
+        mOffloadHw.setUpstreamParameters(null, null, null, null);
+        verify(mIOffloadControl).setUpstreamParameters(eq(""), eq(""), eq(""),
+                mArrayListCaptor.capture(), any());
+        assertEquals(mArrayListCaptor.getValue().size(), 0);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateDownstreamPrefix() throws Exception {
+        startOffloadHardwareInterface(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_0);
+        final String ifName = "wlan1";
+        final String prefix = "192.168.43.0/24";
+        mOffloadHw.addDownstreamPrefix(ifName, prefix);
+        verify(mIOffloadControl).addDownstream(eq(ifName), eq(prefix), any());
+
+        mOffloadHw.removeDownstreamPrefix(ifName, prefix);
+        verify(mIOffloadControl).removeDownstream(eq(ifName), eq(prefix), any());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTetheringOffloadCallback() throws Exception {
+        startOffloadHardwareInterface(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_0);
+
+        mTetheringOffloadCallback.onEvent(OffloadCallbackEvent.OFFLOAD_STARTED);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verify(mControlCallback).onStarted();
+
+        mTetheringOffloadCallback.onEvent(OffloadCallbackEvent.OFFLOAD_STOPPED_ERROR);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verify(mControlCallback).onStoppedError();
+
+        mTetheringOffloadCallback.onEvent(OffloadCallbackEvent.OFFLOAD_STOPPED_UNSUPPORTED);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verify(mControlCallback).onStoppedUnsupported();
+
+        mTetheringOffloadCallback.onEvent(OffloadCallbackEvent.OFFLOAD_SUPPORT_AVAILABLE);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verify(mControlCallback).onSupportAvailable();
+
+        mTetheringOffloadCallback.onEvent(OffloadCallbackEvent.OFFLOAD_STOPPED_LIMIT_REACHED);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verify(mControlCallback).onStoppedLimitReached();
+
+        final NatTimeoutUpdate tcpParams = buildNatTimeoutUpdate(NetworkProtocol.TCP);
+        mTetheringOffloadCallback.updateTimeout(tcpParams);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verify(mControlCallback).onNatTimeoutUpdate(eq(OsConstants.IPPROTO_TCP),
+                eq(tcpParams.src.addr),
+                eq(uint16(tcpParams.src.port)),
+                eq(tcpParams.dst.addr),
+                eq(uint16(tcpParams.dst.port)));
+
+        final NatTimeoutUpdate udpParams = buildNatTimeoutUpdate(NetworkProtocol.UDP);
+        mTetheringOffloadCallback.updateTimeout(udpParams);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verify(mControlCallback).onNatTimeoutUpdate(eq(OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP),
+                eq(udpParams.src.addr),
+                eq(uint16(udpParams.src.port)),
+                eq(udpParams.dst.addr),
+                eq(uint16(udpParams.dst.port)));
+        reset(mControlCallback);
+
+        startOffloadHardwareInterface(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_1);
+
+        // Verify the interface will process the events that comes from V1.1 HAL.
+        mTetheringOffloadCallback.onEvent_1_1(OffloadCallbackEvent.OFFLOAD_STARTED);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mControlCallback);
+        inOrder.verify(mControlCallback).onStarted();
+        inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
+
+        mTetheringOffloadCallback.onEvent_1_1(OffloadCallbackEvent.OFFLOAD_WARNING_REACHED);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        inOrder.verify(mControlCallback).onWarningReached();
+        inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSendIpv4NfGenMsg() throws Exception {
+        startOffloadHardwareInterface(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_0);
+        FileDescriptor writeSocket = new FileDescriptor();
+        FileDescriptor readSocket = new FileDescriptor();
+        try {
+            Os.socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, writeSocket, readSocket);
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            fail();
+            return;
+        }
+        when(mNativeHandle.getFileDescriptor()).thenReturn(writeSocket);
+
+        mOffloadHw.sendIpv4NfGenMsg(mNativeHandle, TEST_TYPE, TEST_FLAGS);
+
+        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(9823);  // Arbitrary value > expectedLen.
+        buffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+
+        int read = Os.read(readSocket, buffer);
+        final int expectedLen = StructNlMsgHdr.STRUCT_SIZE + StructNfGenMsg.STRUCT_SIZE;
+        assertEquals(expectedLen, read);
+
+        buffer.flip();
+        assertEquals(expectedLen, buffer.getInt());
+        assertEquals(TEST_TYPE, buffer.getShort());
+        assertEquals(TEST_FLAGS, buffer.getShort());
+        assertEquals(0 /* seq */, buffer.getInt());
+        assertEquals(0 /* pid */, buffer.getInt());
+        assertEquals(AF_INET, buffer.get());             // nfgen_family
+        assertEquals(0 /* error */, buffer.get());       // version
+        assertEquals(0 /* error */, buffer.getShort());  // res_id
+        assertEquals(expectedLen, buffer.position());
+    }
+
+    private NatTimeoutUpdate buildNatTimeoutUpdate(final int proto) {
+        final NatTimeoutUpdate params = new NatTimeoutUpdate();
+        params.proto = proto;
+        params.src.addr = "192.168.43.200";
+        params.src.port = 100;
+        params.dst.addr = "172.50.46.169";
+        params.dst.port = 150;
+        return params;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/PrivateAddressCoordinatorTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/PrivateAddressCoordinatorTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..55d9852
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/PrivateAddressCoordinatorTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,551 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_ETHERNET;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_USB;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI_P2P;
+
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.PrefixUtils.asIpPrefix;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.spy;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.ip.IpServer;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public final class PrivateAddressCoordinatorTest {
+    private static final String TEST_IFNAME = "test0";
+
+    @Mock private IpServer mHotspotIpServer;
+    @Mock private IpServer mUsbIpServer;
+    @Mock private IpServer mEthernetIpServer;
+    @Mock private IpServer mWifiP2pIpServer;
+    @Mock private Context mContext;
+    @Mock private ConnectivityManager mConnectivityMgr;
+    @Mock private TetheringConfiguration mConfig;
+
+    private PrivateAddressCoordinator mPrivateAddressCoordinator;
+    private final LinkAddress mBluetoothAddress = new LinkAddress("192.168.44.1/24");
+    private final LinkAddress mLegacyWifiP2pAddress = new LinkAddress("192.168.49.1/24");
+    private final Network mWifiNetwork = new Network(1);
+    private final Network mMobileNetwork = new Network(2);
+    private final Network mVpnNetwork = new Network(3);
+    private final Network mMobileNetwork2 = new Network(4);
+    private final Network mMobileNetwork3 = new Network(5);
+    private final Network mMobileNetwork4 = new Network(6);
+    private final Network mMobileNetwork5 = new Network(7);
+    private final Network mMobileNetwork6 = new Network(8);
+    private final Network[] mAllNetworks = {mMobileNetwork, mWifiNetwork, mVpnNetwork,
+            mMobileNetwork2, mMobileNetwork3, mMobileNetwork4, mMobileNetwork5, mMobileNetwork6};
+    private final ArrayList<IpPrefix> mTetheringPrefixes = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(
+            new IpPrefix("192.168.0.0/16"),
+            new IpPrefix("172.16.0.0/12"),
+            new IpPrefix("10.0.0.0/8")));
+
+    private void setUpIpServers() throws Exception {
+        when(mUsbIpServer.interfaceType()).thenReturn(TETHERING_USB);
+        when(mEthernetIpServer.interfaceType()).thenReturn(TETHERING_ETHERNET);
+        when(mHotspotIpServer.interfaceType()).thenReturn(TETHERING_WIFI);
+        when(mWifiP2pIpServer.interfaceType()).thenReturn(TETHERING_WIFI_P2P);
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+
+        when(mContext.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE)).thenReturn(mConnectivityMgr);
+        when(mConnectivityMgr.getAllNetworks()).thenReturn(mAllNetworks);
+        when(mConfig.shouldEnableWifiP2pDedicatedIp()).thenReturn(false);
+        setUpIpServers();
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator = spy(new PrivateAddressCoordinator(mContext, mConfig));
+    }
+
+    private LinkAddress requestDownstreamAddress(final IpServer ipServer, boolean useLastAddress) {
+        final LinkAddress address = mPrivateAddressCoordinator.requestDownstreamAddress(
+                ipServer, useLastAddress);
+        when(ipServer.getAddress()).thenReturn(address);
+        return address;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRequestDownstreamAddressWithoutUsingLastAddress() throws Exception {
+        final IpPrefix bluetoothPrefix = asIpPrefix(mBluetoothAddress);
+        final LinkAddress address = requestDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer,
+                false /* useLastAddress */);
+        final IpPrefix hotspotPrefix = asIpPrefix(address);
+        assertNotEquals(hotspotPrefix, bluetoothPrefix);
+
+        final LinkAddress newAddress = requestDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer,
+                false /* useLastAddress */);
+        final IpPrefix testDupRequest = asIpPrefix(newAddress);
+        assertNotEquals(hotspotPrefix, testDupRequest);
+        assertNotEquals(bluetoothPrefix, testDupRequest);
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.releaseDownstream(mHotspotIpServer);
+
+        final LinkAddress usbAddress = requestDownstreamAddress(mUsbIpServer,
+                false /* useLastAddress */);
+        final IpPrefix usbPrefix = asIpPrefix(usbAddress);
+        assertNotEquals(usbPrefix, bluetoothPrefix);
+        assertNotEquals(usbPrefix, hotspotPrefix);
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.releaseDownstream(mUsbIpServer);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSanitizedAddress() throws Exception {
+        int fakeSubAddr = 0x2b00; // 43.0.
+        when(mPrivateAddressCoordinator.getRandomInt()).thenReturn(fakeSubAddr);
+        LinkAddress actualAddress = requestDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer,
+                false /* useLastAddress */);
+        assertEquals(new LinkAddress("192.168.43.2/24"), actualAddress);
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.releaseDownstream(mHotspotIpServer);
+
+        fakeSubAddr = 0x2d01; // 45.1.
+        when(mPrivateAddressCoordinator.getRandomInt()).thenReturn(fakeSubAddr);
+        actualAddress = requestDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer, false /* useLastAddress */);
+        assertEquals(new LinkAddress("192.168.45.2/24"), actualAddress);
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.releaseDownstream(mHotspotIpServer);
+
+        fakeSubAddr = 0x2eff; // 46.255.
+        when(mPrivateAddressCoordinator.getRandomInt()).thenReturn(fakeSubAddr);
+        actualAddress = requestDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer, false /* useLastAddress */);
+        assertEquals(new LinkAddress("192.168.46.254/24"), actualAddress);
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.releaseDownstream(mHotspotIpServer);
+
+        fakeSubAddr = 0x2f05; // 47.5.
+        when(mPrivateAddressCoordinator.getRandomInt()).thenReturn(fakeSubAddr);
+        actualAddress = requestDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer, false /* useLastAddress */);
+        assertEquals(new LinkAddress("192.168.47.5/24"), actualAddress);
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.releaseDownstream(mHotspotIpServer);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReservedPrefix() throws Exception {
+        // - Test bluetooth prefix is reserved.
+        when(mPrivateAddressCoordinator.getRandomInt()).thenReturn(
+                getSubAddress(mBluetoothAddress.getAddress().getAddress()));
+        final LinkAddress hotspotAddress = requestDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer,
+                false /* useLastAddress */);
+        final IpPrefix hotspotPrefix = asIpPrefix(hotspotAddress);
+        assertNotEquals(asIpPrefix(mBluetoothAddress), hotspotPrefix);
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.releaseDownstream(mHotspotIpServer);
+
+        // - Test previous enabled hotspot prefix(cached prefix) is reserved.
+        when(mPrivateAddressCoordinator.getRandomInt()).thenReturn(
+                getSubAddress(hotspotAddress.getAddress().getAddress()));
+        final LinkAddress usbAddress = requestDownstreamAddress(mUsbIpServer,
+                false /* useLastAddress */);
+        final IpPrefix usbPrefix = asIpPrefix(usbAddress);
+        assertNotEquals(asIpPrefix(mBluetoothAddress), usbPrefix);
+        assertNotEquals(hotspotPrefix, usbPrefix);
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.releaseDownstream(mUsbIpServer);
+
+        // - Test wifi p2p prefix is reserved.
+        when(mPrivateAddressCoordinator.getRandomInt()).thenReturn(
+                getSubAddress(mLegacyWifiP2pAddress.getAddress().getAddress()));
+        final LinkAddress etherAddress = requestDownstreamAddress(mEthernetIpServer,
+                false /* useLastAddress */);
+        final IpPrefix etherPrefix = asIpPrefix(etherAddress);
+        assertNotEquals(asIpPrefix(mLegacyWifiP2pAddress), etherPrefix);
+        assertNotEquals(asIpPrefix(mBluetoothAddress), etherPrefix);
+        assertNotEquals(hotspotPrefix, etherPrefix);
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.releaseDownstream(mEthernetIpServer);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRequestLastDownstreamAddress() throws Exception {
+        final int fakeHotspotSubAddr = 0x2b05; // 43.5
+        when(mPrivateAddressCoordinator.getRandomInt()).thenReturn(fakeHotspotSubAddr);
+        final LinkAddress hotspotAddress = requestDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer,
+                true /* useLastAddress */);
+        assertEquals("Wrong wifi prefix: ", new LinkAddress("192.168.43.5/24"), hotspotAddress);
+
+        final LinkAddress usbAddress = requestDownstreamAddress(mUsbIpServer,
+                true /* useLastAddress */);
+        assertEquals("Wrong wifi prefix: ", new LinkAddress("192.168.45.5/24"), usbAddress);
+
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.releaseDownstream(mHotspotIpServer);
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.releaseDownstream(mUsbIpServer);
+
+        final int newFakeSubAddr = 0x3c05;
+        when(mPrivateAddressCoordinator.getRandomInt()).thenReturn(fakeHotspotSubAddr);
+
+        final LinkAddress newHotspotAddress = requestDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer,
+                true /* useLastAddress */);
+        assertEquals(hotspotAddress, newHotspotAddress);
+        final LinkAddress newUsbAddress = requestDownstreamAddress(mUsbIpServer,
+                true /* useLastAddress */);
+        assertEquals(usbAddress, newUsbAddress);
+
+        final UpstreamNetworkState wifiUpstream = buildUpstreamNetworkState(mWifiNetwork,
+                new LinkAddress("192.168.88.23/16"), null,
+                makeNetworkCapabilities(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.updateUpstreamPrefix(wifiUpstream);
+        verify(mHotspotIpServer).sendMessage(IpServer.CMD_NOTIFY_PREFIX_CONFLICT);
+        verify(mUsbIpServer).sendMessage(IpServer.CMD_NOTIFY_PREFIX_CONFLICT);
+    }
+
+    private UpstreamNetworkState buildUpstreamNetworkState(final Network network,
+            final LinkAddress v4Addr, final LinkAddress v6Addr, final NetworkCapabilities cap) {
+        final LinkProperties prop = new LinkProperties();
+        prop.setInterfaceName(TEST_IFNAME);
+        if (v4Addr != null) prop.addLinkAddress(v4Addr);
+
+        if (v6Addr != null) prop.addLinkAddress(v6Addr);
+
+        return new UpstreamNetworkState(prop, cap, network);
+    }
+
+    private NetworkCapabilities makeNetworkCapabilities(final int transportType) {
+        final NetworkCapabilities cap = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        cap.addTransportType(transportType);
+        if (transportType == TRANSPORT_VPN) {
+            cap.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN);
+        }
+
+        return cap;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNoConflictUpstreamPrefix() throws Exception {
+        final int fakeHotspotSubAddr = 0x2b05; // 43.5
+        final IpPrefix predefinedPrefix = new IpPrefix("192.168.43.0/24");
+        // Force always get subAddress "43.5" for conflict testing.
+        when(mPrivateAddressCoordinator.getRandomInt()).thenReturn(fakeHotspotSubAddr);
+        // - Enable hotspot with prefix 192.168.43.0/24
+        final LinkAddress hotspotAddr = requestDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer,
+                true /* useLastAddress */);
+        final IpPrefix hotspotPrefix = asIpPrefix(hotspotAddr);
+        assertEquals("Wrong wifi prefix: ", predefinedPrefix, hotspotPrefix);
+        // - test mobile network with null NetworkCapabilities. Ideally this should not happen
+        // because NetworkCapabilities update should always happen before LinkProperties update
+        // and the UpstreamNetworkState update, just make sure no crash in this case.
+        final UpstreamNetworkState noCapUpstream = buildUpstreamNetworkState(mMobileNetwork,
+                new LinkAddress("10.0.0.8/24"), null, null);
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.updateUpstreamPrefix(noCapUpstream);
+        verify(mHotspotIpServer, never()).sendMessage(IpServer.CMD_NOTIFY_PREFIX_CONFLICT);
+        // - test mobile upstream with no address.
+        final UpstreamNetworkState noAddress = buildUpstreamNetworkState(mMobileNetwork,
+                null, null, makeNetworkCapabilities(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR));
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.updateUpstreamPrefix(noCapUpstream);
+        verify(mHotspotIpServer, never()).sendMessage(IpServer.CMD_NOTIFY_PREFIX_CONFLICT);
+        // - Update v6 only mobile network, hotspot prefix should not be removed.
+        final UpstreamNetworkState v6OnlyMobile = buildUpstreamNetworkState(mMobileNetwork,
+                null, new LinkAddress("2001:db8::/64"),
+                makeNetworkCapabilities(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR));
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.updateUpstreamPrefix(v6OnlyMobile);
+        verify(mHotspotIpServer, never()).sendMessage(IpServer.CMD_NOTIFY_PREFIX_CONFLICT);
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.removeUpstreamPrefix(mMobileNetwork);
+        // - Update v4 only mobile network, hotspot prefix should not be removed.
+        final UpstreamNetworkState v4OnlyMobile = buildUpstreamNetworkState(mMobileNetwork,
+                new LinkAddress("10.0.0.8/24"), null,
+                makeNetworkCapabilities(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR));
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.updateUpstreamPrefix(v4OnlyMobile);
+        verify(mHotspotIpServer, never()).sendMessage(IpServer.CMD_NOTIFY_PREFIX_CONFLICT);
+        // - Update v4v6 mobile network, hotspot prefix should not be removed.
+        final UpstreamNetworkState v4v6Mobile = buildUpstreamNetworkState(mMobileNetwork,
+                new LinkAddress("10.0.0.8/24"), new LinkAddress("2001:db8::/64"),
+                makeNetworkCapabilities(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR));
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.updateUpstreamPrefix(v4v6Mobile);
+        verify(mHotspotIpServer, never()).sendMessage(IpServer.CMD_NOTIFY_PREFIX_CONFLICT);
+        // - Update v6 only wifi network, hotspot prefix should not be removed.
+        final UpstreamNetworkState v6OnlyWifi = buildUpstreamNetworkState(mWifiNetwork,
+                null, new LinkAddress("2001:db8::/64"), makeNetworkCapabilities(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.updateUpstreamPrefix(v6OnlyWifi);
+        verify(mHotspotIpServer, never()).sendMessage(IpServer.CMD_NOTIFY_PREFIX_CONFLICT);
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.removeUpstreamPrefix(mWifiNetwork);
+        // - Update vpn network, it conflict with hotspot prefix but VPN networks are ignored.
+        final UpstreamNetworkState v4OnlyVpn = buildUpstreamNetworkState(mVpnNetwork,
+                new LinkAddress("192.168.43.5/24"), null, makeNetworkCapabilities(TRANSPORT_VPN));
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.updateUpstreamPrefix(v4OnlyVpn);
+        verify(mHotspotIpServer, never()).sendMessage(IpServer.CMD_NOTIFY_PREFIX_CONFLICT);
+        // - Update v4 only wifi network, it conflict with hotspot prefix.
+        final UpstreamNetworkState v4OnlyWifi = buildUpstreamNetworkState(mWifiNetwork,
+                new LinkAddress("192.168.43.5/24"), null, makeNetworkCapabilities(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.updateUpstreamPrefix(v4OnlyWifi);
+        verify(mHotspotIpServer).sendMessage(IpServer.CMD_NOTIFY_PREFIX_CONFLICT);
+        reset(mHotspotIpServer);
+        // - Restart hotspot again and its prefix is different previous.
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.releaseDownstream(mHotspotIpServer);
+        final LinkAddress hotspotAddr2 = requestDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer,
+                true /* useLastAddress */);
+        final IpPrefix hotspotPrefix2 = asIpPrefix(hotspotAddr2);
+        assertNotEquals(hotspotPrefix, hotspotPrefix2);
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.updateUpstreamPrefix(v4OnlyWifi);
+        verify(mHotspotIpServer, never()).sendMessage(IpServer.CMD_NOTIFY_PREFIX_CONFLICT);
+        // - Usb tethering can be enabled and its prefix is different with conflict one.
+        final LinkAddress usbAddr = requestDownstreamAddress(mUsbIpServer,
+                true /* useLastAddress */);
+        final IpPrefix usbPrefix = asIpPrefix(usbAddr);
+        assertNotEquals(predefinedPrefix, usbPrefix);
+        assertNotEquals(hotspotPrefix2, usbPrefix);
+        // - Disable wifi upstream, then wifi's prefix can be selected again.
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.removeUpstreamPrefix(mWifiNetwork);
+        final LinkAddress ethAddr = requestDownstreamAddress(mEthernetIpServer,
+                true /* useLastAddress */);
+        final IpPrefix ethPrefix = asIpPrefix(ethAddr);
+        assertEquals(predefinedPrefix, ethPrefix);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testChooseAvailablePrefix() throws Exception {
+        final int randomAddress = 0x8605; // 134.5
+        when(mPrivateAddressCoordinator.getRandomInt()).thenReturn(randomAddress);
+        final LinkAddress addr0 = requestDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer,
+                true /* useLastAddress */);
+        // Check whether return address is prefix 192.168.0.0/16 + subAddress 0.0.134.5.
+        assertEquals("Wrong prefix: ", new LinkAddress("192.168.134.5/24"), addr0);
+        final UpstreamNetworkState wifiUpstream = buildUpstreamNetworkState(mWifiNetwork,
+                new LinkAddress("192.168.134.13/26"), null,
+                makeNetworkCapabilities(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.updateUpstreamPrefix(wifiUpstream);
+
+        // Check whether return address is next prefix of 192.168.134.0/24.
+        final LinkAddress addr1 = requestDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer,
+                true /* useLastAddress */);
+        assertEquals("Wrong prefix: ", new LinkAddress("192.168.135.5/24"), addr1);
+        final UpstreamNetworkState wifiUpstream2 = buildUpstreamNetworkState(mWifiNetwork,
+                new LinkAddress("192.168.149.16/19"), null,
+                makeNetworkCapabilities(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.updateUpstreamPrefix(wifiUpstream2);
+
+
+        // The conflict range is 128 ~ 159, so the address is 192.168.160.5/24.
+        final LinkAddress addr2 = requestDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer,
+                true /* useLastAddress */);
+        assertEquals("Wrong prefix: ", new LinkAddress("192.168.160.5/24"), addr2);
+        final UpstreamNetworkState mobileUpstream = buildUpstreamNetworkState(mMobileNetwork,
+                new LinkAddress("192.168.129.53/18"), null,
+                makeNetworkCapabilities(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR));
+        // Update another conflict upstream which is covered by the previous one (but not the first
+        // one) and verify whether this would affect the result.
+        final UpstreamNetworkState mobileUpstream2 = buildUpstreamNetworkState(mMobileNetwork2,
+                new LinkAddress("192.168.170.7/19"), null,
+                makeNetworkCapabilities(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR));
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.updateUpstreamPrefix(mobileUpstream);
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.updateUpstreamPrefix(mobileUpstream2);
+
+        // The conflict range are 128 ~ 159 and 159 ~ 191, so the address is 192.168.192.5/24.
+        final LinkAddress addr3 = requestDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer,
+                true /* useLastAddress */);
+        assertEquals("Wrong prefix: ", new LinkAddress("192.168.192.5/24"), addr3);
+        final UpstreamNetworkState mobileUpstream3 = buildUpstreamNetworkState(mMobileNetwork3,
+                new LinkAddress("192.168.188.133/17"), null,
+                makeNetworkCapabilities(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR));
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.updateUpstreamPrefix(mobileUpstream3);
+
+        // Conflict range: 128 ~ 255. The next available address is 192.168.0.5 because
+        // 192.168.134/24 ~ 192.168.255.255/24 is not available.
+        final LinkAddress addr4 = requestDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer,
+                true /* useLastAddress */);
+        assertEquals("Wrong prefix: ", new LinkAddress("192.168.0.5/24"), addr4);
+        final UpstreamNetworkState mobileUpstream4 = buildUpstreamNetworkState(mMobileNetwork4,
+                new LinkAddress("192.168.3.59/21"), null,
+                makeNetworkCapabilities(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR));
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.updateUpstreamPrefix(mobileUpstream4);
+
+        // Conflict ranges: 128 ~ 255 and 0 ~ 7, so the address is 192.168.8.5/24.
+        final LinkAddress addr5 = requestDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer,
+                true /* useLastAddress */);
+        assertEquals("Wrong prefix: ", new LinkAddress("192.168.8.5/24"), addr5);
+        final UpstreamNetworkState mobileUpstream5 = buildUpstreamNetworkState(mMobileNetwork5,
+                new LinkAddress("192.168.68.43/21"), null,
+                makeNetworkCapabilities(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR));
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.updateUpstreamPrefix(mobileUpstream5);
+
+        // Update an upstream that does *not* conflict, check whether return the same address
+        // 192.168.5/24.
+        final LinkAddress addr6 = requestDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer,
+                true /* useLastAddress */);
+        assertEquals("Wrong prefix: ", new LinkAddress("192.168.8.5/24"), addr6);
+        final UpstreamNetworkState mobileUpstream6 = buildUpstreamNetworkState(mMobileNetwork6,
+                new LinkAddress("192.168.10.97/21"), null,
+                makeNetworkCapabilities(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR));
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.updateUpstreamPrefix(mobileUpstream6);
+
+        // Conflict ranges: 0 ~ 15 and 128 ~ 255, so the address is 192.168.16.5/24.
+        final LinkAddress addr7 = requestDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer,
+                true /* useLastAddress */);
+        assertEquals("Wrong prefix: ", new LinkAddress("192.168.16.5/24"), addr7);
+        final UpstreamNetworkState mobileUpstream7 = buildUpstreamNetworkState(mMobileNetwork6,
+                new LinkAddress("192.168.0.0/17"), null,
+                makeNetworkCapabilities(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR));
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.updateUpstreamPrefix(mobileUpstream7);
+
+        // Choose prefix from next range(172.16.0.0/12) when no available prefix in 192.168.0.0/16.
+        final LinkAddress addr8 = requestDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer,
+                true /* useLastAddress */);
+        assertEquals("Wrong prefix: ", new LinkAddress("172.16.134.5/24"), addr8);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testChoosePrefixFromDifferentRanges() throws Exception {
+        final int randomAddress = 0x1f2b2a; // 31.43.42
+        when(mPrivateAddressCoordinator.getRandomInt()).thenReturn(randomAddress);
+        final LinkAddress classC1 = requestDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer,
+                true /* useLastAddress */);
+        // Check whether return address is prefix 192.168.0.0/16 + subAddress 0.0.43.42.
+        assertEquals("Wrong prefix: ", new LinkAddress("192.168.43.42/24"), classC1);
+        final UpstreamNetworkState wifiUpstream = buildUpstreamNetworkState(mWifiNetwork,
+                new LinkAddress("192.168.88.23/17"), null,
+                makeNetworkCapabilities(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.updateUpstreamPrefix(wifiUpstream);
+        verifyNotifyConflictAndRelease(mHotspotIpServer);
+
+        // Check whether return address is next address of prefix 192.168.128.0/17.
+        final LinkAddress classC2 = requestDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer,
+                true /* useLastAddress */);
+        assertEquals("Wrong prefix: ", new LinkAddress("192.168.128.42/24"), classC2);
+        final UpstreamNetworkState mobileUpstream = buildUpstreamNetworkState(mMobileNetwork,
+                new LinkAddress("192.1.2.3/8"), null,
+                makeNetworkCapabilities(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR));
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.updateUpstreamPrefix(mobileUpstream);
+        verifyNotifyConflictAndRelease(mHotspotIpServer);
+
+        // Check whether return address is under prefix 172.16.0.0/12.
+        final LinkAddress classB1 = requestDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer,
+                true /* useLastAddress */);
+        assertEquals("Wrong prefix: ", new LinkAddress("172.31.43.42/24"), classB1);
+        final UpstreamNetworkState mobileUpstream2 = buildUpstreamNetworkState(mMobileNetwork2,
+                new LinkAddress("172.28.123.100/14"), null,
+                makeNetworkCapabilities(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR));
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.updateUpstreamPrefix(mobileUpstream2);
+        verifyNotifyConflictAndRelease(mHotspotIpServer);
+
+        // 172.28.0.0 ~ 172.31.255.255 is not available.
+        // Check whether return address is next address of prefix 172.16.0.0/14.
+        final LinkAddress classB2 = requestDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer,
+                true /* useLastAddress */);
+        assertEquals("Wrong prefix: ", new LinkAddress("172.16.0.42/24"), classB2);
+
+        // Check whether new downstream is next address of address 172.16.0.42/24.
+        final LinkAddress classB3 = requestDownstreamAddress(mUsbIpServer,
+                true /* useLastAddress */);
+        assertEquals("Wrong prefix: ", new LinkAddress("172.16.1.42/24"), classB3);
+        final UpstreamNetworkState mobileUpstream3 = buildUpstreamNetworkState(mMobileNetwork3,
+                new LinkAddress("172.16.0.1/24"), null,
+                makeNetworkCapabilities(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR));
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.updateUpstreamPrefix(mobileUpstream3);
+        verifyNotifyConflictAndRelease(mHotspotIpServer);
+        verify(mUsbIpServer, never()).sendMessage(IpServer.CMD_NOTIFY_PREFIX_CONFLICT);
+
+        // Check whether return address is next address of prefix 172.16.1.42/24.
+        final LinkAddress classB4 = requestDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer,
+                true /* useLastAddress */);
+        assertEquals("Wrong prefix: ", new LinkAddress("172.16.2.42/24"), classB4);
+        final UpstreamNetworkState mobileUpstream4 = buildUpstreamNetworkState(mMobileNetwork4,
+                new LinkAddress("172.16.0.1/13"), null,
+                makeNetworkCapabilities(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR));
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.updateUpstreamPrefix(mobileUpstream4);
+        verifyNotifyConflictAndRelease(mHotspotIpServer);
+        verifyNotifyConflictAndRelease(mUsbIpServer);
+
+        // Check whether return address is next address of prefix 172.16.0.1/13.
+        final LinkAddress classB5 = requestDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer,
+                true /* useLastAddress */);
+        assertEquals("Wrong prefix: ", new LinkAddress("172.24.0.42/24"), classB5);
+        // Check whether return address is next address of prefix 172.24.0.42/24.
+        final LinkAddress classB6 = requestDownstreamAddress(mUsbIpServer,
+                true /* useLastAddress */);
+        assertEquals("Wrong prefix: ", new LinkAddress("172.24.1.42/24"), classB6);
+        final UpstreamNetworkState mobileUpstream5 = buildUpstreamNetworkState(mMobileNetwork5,
+                new LinkAddress("172.24.0.1/12"), null,
+                makeNetworkCapabilities(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR));
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.updateUpstreamPrefix(mobileUpstream5);
+        verifyNotifyConflictAndRelease(mHotspotIpServer);
+        verifyNotifyConflictAndRelease(mUsbIpServer);
+
+        // Check whether return address is prefix 10.0.0.0/8 + subAddress 0.31.43.42.
+        final LinkAddress classA1 = requestDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer,
+                true /* useLastAddress */);
+        assertEquals("Wrong prefix: ", new LinkAddress("10.31.43.42/24"), classA1);
+        // Check whether new downstream is next address of address 10.31.43.42/24.
+        final LinkAddress classA2 = requestDownstreamAddress(mUsbIpServer,
+                true /* useLastAddress */);
+        assertEquals("Wrong prefix: ", new LinkAddress("10.31.44.42/24"), classA2);
+    }
+
+    private void verifyNotifyConflictAndRelease(final IpServer ipServer) throws Exception {
+        verify(ipServer).sendMessage(IpServer.CMD_NOTIFY_PREFIX_CONFLICT);
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.releaseDownstream(ipServer);
+        reset(ipServer);
+        setUpIpServers();
+    }
+
+    private int getSubAddress(final byte... ipv4Address) {
+        assertEquals(4, ipv4Address.length);
+
+        int subnet = Byte.toUnsignedInt(ipv4Address[2]);
+        return (subnet << 8) + ipv4Address[3];
+    }
+
+    private void assertReseveredWifiP2pPrefix() throws Exception {
+        LinkAddress address = requestDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer,
+                true /* useLastAddress */);
+        final IpPrefix hotspotPrefix = asIpPrefix(address);
+        final IpPrefix legacyWifiP2pPrefix = asIpPrefix(mLegacyWifiP2pAddress);
+        assertNotEquals(legacyWifiP2pPrefix, hotspotPrefix);
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.releaseDownstream(mHotspotIpServer);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEnableLegacyWifiP2PAddress() throws Exception {
+        when(mPrivateAddressCoordinator.getRandomInt()).thenReturn(
+                getSubAddress(mLegacyWifiP2pAddress.getAddress().getAddress()));
+        // No matter #shouldEnableWifiP2pDedicatedIp() is enabled or not, legacy wifi p2p prefix
+        // is resevered.
+        assertReseveredWifiP2pPrefix();
+
+        when(mConfig.shouldEnableWifiP2pDedicatedIp()).thenReturn(true);
+        assertReseveredWifiP2pPrefix();
+
+        // If #shouldEnableWifiP2pDedicatedIp() is enabled, wifi P2P gets the configured address.
+        LinkAddress address = requestDownstreamAddress(mWifiP2pIpServer,
+                true /* useLastAddress */);
+        assertEquals(mLegacyWifiP2pAddress, address);
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.releaseDownstream(mWifiP2pIpServer);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TestConnectivityManager.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TestConnectivityManager.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2cbf75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TestConnectivityManager.java
@@ -0,0 +1,429 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_DUN;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
+
+import static com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.ShimUtils.isAtLeastS;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.IConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkInfo;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
+import android.util.ArrayMap;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Simulates upstream switching and sending NetworkCallbacks and CONNECTIVITY_ACTION broadcasts.
+ *
+ * Unlike any real networking code, this class is single-threaded and entirely synchronous.
+ * The effects of all method calls (including sending fake broadcasts, sending callbacks, etc.) are
+ * performed immediately on the caller's thread before returning.
+ *
+ * TODO: this duplicates a fair amount of code from ConnectivityManager and ConnectivityService.
+ * Consider using a ConnectivityService object instead, as used in ConnectivityServiceTest.
+ *
+ * Things to consider:
+ * - ConnectivityService uses a real handler for realism, and these test use TestLooper (or even
+ *   invoke callbacks directly inline) for determinism. Using a real ConnectivityService would
+ *   require adding dispatchAll() calls and migrating to handlers.
+ * - ConnectivityService does not provide a way to order CONNECTIVITY_ACTION before or after the
+ *   NetworkCallbacks for the same network change. That ability is useful because the upstream
+ *   selection code in Tethering is vulnerable to race conditions, due to its reliance on multiple
+ *   separate NetworkCallbacks and BroadcastReceivers, each of which trigger different types of
+ *   updates. If/when the upstream selection code is refactored to a more level-triggered model
+ *   (e.g., with an idempotent function that takes into account all state every time any part of
+ *   that state changes), this may become less important or unnecessary.
+ */
+public class TestConnectivityManager extends ConnectivityManager {
+    public static final boolean BROADCAST_FIRST = false;
+    public static final boolean CALLBACKS_FIRST = true;
+
+    final Map<NetworkCallback, Handler> mAllCallbacks = new ArrayMap<>();
+    // This contains the callbacks tracking the system default network, whether it's registered
+    // with registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback (S+) or with a custom request (R-).
+    final Map<NetworkCallback, Handler> mTrackingDefault = new ArrayMap<>();
+    final Map<NetworkCallback, NetworkRequestInfo> mListening = new ArrayMap<>();
+    final Map<NetworkCallback, NetworkRequestInfo> mRequested = new ArrayMap<>();
+    final Map<NetworkCallback, Integer> mLegacyTypeMap = new ArrayMap<>();
+
+    private final Context mContext;
+
+    private int mNetworkId = 100;
+    private TestNetworkAgent mDefaultNetwork = null;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a TestConnectivityManager.
+     * @param ctx the context to use. Must be a fake or a mock because otherwise the test will
+     *            attempt to send real broadcasts and resulting in permission denials.
+     * @param svc an IConnectivityManager. Should be a fake or a mock.
+     */
+    public TestConnectivityManager(Context ctx, IConnectivityManager svc) {
+        super(ctx, svc);
+        mContext = ctx;
+    }
+
+    static class NetworkRequestInfo {
+        public final NetworkRequest request;
+        public final Handler handler;
+        NetworkRequestInfo(NetworkRequest r, Handler h) {
+            request = r;
+            handler = h;
+        }
+    }
+
+    boolean hasNoCallbacks() {
+        return mAllCallbacks.isEmpty()
+                && mTrackingDefault.isEmpty()
+                && mListening.isEmpty()
+                && mRequested.isEmpty()
+                && mLegacyTypeMap.isEmpty();
+    }
+
+    boolean onlyHasDefaultCallbacks() {
+        return (mAllCallbacks.size() == 1)
+                && (mTrackingDefault.size() == 1)
+                && mListening.isEmpty()
+                && mRequested.isEmpty()
+                && mLegacyTypeMap.isEmpty();
+    }
+
+    boolean isListeningForAll() {
+        final NetworkCapabilities empty = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        empty.clearAll();
+
+        for (NetworkRequestInfo nri : mListening.values()) {
+            if (nri.request.networkCapabilities.equalRequestableCapabilities(empty)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    int getNetworkId() {
+        return ++mNetworkId;
+    }
+
+    private void sendDefaultNetworkBroadcasts(TestNetworkAgent formerDefault,
+            TestNetworkAgent defaultNetwork) {
+        if (formerDefault != null) {
+            sendConnectivityAction(formerDefault.legacyType, false /* connected */);
+        }
+        if (defaultNetwork != null) {
+            sendConnectivityAction(defaultNetwork.legacyType, true /* connected */);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void sendDefaultNetworkCallbacks(TestNetworkAgent formerDefault,
+            TestNetworkAgent defaultNetwork) {
+        for (NetworkCallback cb : mTrackingDefault.keySet()) {
+            final Handler handler = mTrackingDefault.get(cb);
+            if (defaultNetwork != null) {
+                handler.post(() -> cb.onAvailable(defaultNetwork.networkId));
+                handler.post(() -> cb.onCapabilitiesChanged(
+                        defaultNetwork.networkId, defaultNetwork.networkCapabilities));
+                handler.post(() -> cb.onLinkPropertiesChanged(
+                        defaultNetwork.networkId, defaultNetwork.linkProperties));
+            } else if (formerDefault != null) {
+                handler.post(() -> cb.onLost(formerDefault.networkId));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void makeDefaultNetwork(TestNetworkAgent agent, boolean order, @Nullable Runnable inBetween) {
+        if (Objects.equals(mDefaultNetwork, agent)) return;
+
+        final TestNetworkAgent formerDefault = mDefaultNetwork;
+        mDefaultNetwork = agent;
+
+        if (order == CALLBACKS_FIRST) {
+            sendDefaultNetworkCallbacks(formerDefault, mDefaultNetwork);
+            if (inBetween != null) inBetween.run();
+            sendDefaultNetworkBroadcasts(formerDefault, mDefaultNetwork);
+        } else {
+            sendDefaultNetworkBroadcasts(formerDefault, mDefaultNetwork);
+            if (inBetween != null) inBetween.run();
+            sendDefaultNetworkCallbacks(formerDefault, mDefaultNetwork);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void makeDefaultNetwork(TestNetworkAgent agent, boolean order) {
+        makeDefaultNetwork(agent, order, null /* inBetween */);
+    }
+
+    void makeDefaultNetwork(TestNetworkAgent agent) {
+        makeDefaultNetwork(agent, BROADCAST_FIRST, null /* inBetween */);
+    }
+
+    void sendLinkProperties(TestNetworkAgent agent, boolean updateDefaultFirst) {
+        if (!updateDefaultFirst) agent.sendLinkProperties();
+
+        for (NetworkCallback cb : mTrackingDefault.keySet()) {
+            cb.onLinkPropertiesChanged(agent.networkId, agent.linkProperties);
+        }
+
+        if (updateDefaultFirst) agent.sendLinkProperties();
+    }
+
+    static boolean looksLikeDefaultRequest(NetworkRequest req) {
+        return req.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                && !req.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_DUN)
+                && !req.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void requestNetwork(NetworkRequest req, NetworkCallback cb, Handler h) {
+        // For R- devices, Tethering will invoke this function in 2 cases, one is to request mobile
+        // network, the other is to track system default network.
+        if (looksLikeDefaultRequest(req)) {
+            assertFalse(isAtLeastS());
+            addTrackDefaultCallback(cb, h);
+        } else {
+            assertFalse(mAllCallbacks.containsKey(cb));
+            mAllCallbacks.put(cb, h);
+            assertFalse(mRequested.containsKey(cb));
+            mRequested.put(cb, new NetworkRequestInfo(req, h));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(
+            @NonNull NetworkCallback cb, @NonNull Handler h) {
+        addTrackDefaultCallback(cb, h);
+    }
+
+    private void addTrackDefaultCallback(@NonNull NetworkCallback cb, @NonNull Handler h) {
+        assertFalse(mAllCallbacks.containsKey(cb));
+        mAllCallbacks.put(cb, h);
+        assertFalse(mTrackingDefault.containsKey(cb));
+        mTrackingDefault.put(cb, h);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void requestNetwork(NetworkRequest req, NetworkCallback cb) {
+        fail("Should never be called.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void requestNetwork(NetworkRequest req,
+            int timeoutMs, int legacyType, Handler h, NetworkCallback cb) {
+        assertFalse(mAllCallbacks.containsKey(cb));
+        NetworkRequest newReq = new NetworkRequest(req.networkCapabilities, legacyType,
+                -1 /** testId */, req.type);
+        mAllCallbacks.put(cb, h);
+        assertFalse(mRequested.containsKey(cb));
+        mRequested.put(cb, new NetworkRequestInfo(newReq, h));
+        assertFalse(mLegacyTypeMap.containsKey(cb));
+        if (legacyType != ConnectivityManager.TYPE_NONE) {
+            mLegacyTypeMap.put(cb, legacyType);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void registerNetworkCallback(NetworkRequest req, NetworkCallback cb, Handler h) {
+        assertFalse(mAllCallbacks.containsKey(cb));
+        mAllCallbacks.put(cb, h);
+        assertFalse(mListening.containsKey(cb));
+        mListening.put(cb, new NetworkRequestInfo(req, h));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void registerNetworkCallback(NetworkRequest req, NetworkCallback cb) {
+        fail("Should never be called.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void registerDefaultNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback cb, Handler h) {
+        fail("Should never be called.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void registerDefaultNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback cb) {
+        fail("Should never be called.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void unregisterNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback cb) {
+        if (mTrackingDefault.containsKey(cb)) {
+            mTrackingDefault.remove(cb);
+        } else if (mListening.containsKey(cb)) {
+            mListening.remove(cb);
+        } else if (mRequested.containsKey(cb)) {
+            mRequested.remove(cb);
+            mLegacyTypeMap.remove(cb);
+        } else {
+            fail("Unexpected callback removed");
+        }
+        mAllCallbacks.remove(cb);
+
+        assertFalse(mAllCallbacks.containsKey(cb));
+        assertFalse(mTrackingDefault.containsKey(cb));
+        assertFalse(mListening.containsKey(cb));
+        assertFalse(mRequested.containsKey(cb));
+    }
+
+    private void sendConnectivityAction(int type, boolean connected) {
+        NetworkInfo ni = new NetworkInfo(type, 0 /* subtype */,  getNetworkTypeName(type),
+                "" /* subtypeName */);
+        NetworkInfo.DetailedState state = connected
+                ? NetworkInfo.DetailedState.CONNECTED
+                : NetworkInfo.DetailedState.DISCONNECTED;
+        ni.setDetailedState(state, "" /* reason */, "" /* extraInfo */);
+        Intent intent = new Intent(CONNECTIVITY_ACTION);
+        intent.putExtra(EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO, ni);
+        mContext.sendStickyBroadcastAsUser(intent, UserHandle.ALL);
+    }
+
+    public static class TestNetworkAgent {
+        public final TestConnectivityManager cm;
+        public final Network networkId;
+        public final NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities;
+        public final LinkProperties linkProperties;
+        // TODO: delete when tethering no longer uses CONNECTIVITY_ACTION.
+        public final int legacyType;
+
+        public TestNetworkAgent(TestConnectivityManager cm, NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+            this.cm = cm;
+            this.networkId = new Network(cm.getNetworkId());
+            networkCapabilities = copy(nc);
+            linkProperties = new LinkProperties();
+            legacyType = toLegacyType(nc);
+        }
+
+        public TestNetworkAgent(TestConnectivityManager cm, UpstreamNetworkState state) {
+            this.cm = cm;
+            networkId = state.network;
+            networkCapabilities = state.networkCapabilities;
+            linkProperties = state.linkProperties;
+            this.legacyType = toLegacyType(networkCapabilities);
+        }
+
+        private static int toLegacyType(NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+            for (int type = 0; type < ConnectivityManager.TYPE_TEST; type++) {
+                if (matchesLegacyType(nc, type)) return type;
+            }
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(("Can't determine legacy type for: ") + nc);
+        }
+
+        private static boolean matchesLegacyType(NetworkCapabilities nc, int legacyType) {
+            final NetworkCapabilities typeNc;
+            try {
+                typeNc = ConnectivityManager.networkCapabilitiesForType(legacyType);
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+                // networkCapabilitiesForType does not support all legacy types.
+                return false;
+            }
+            return typeNc.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(nc);
+        }
+
+        private boolean matchesLegacyType(int legacyType) {
+            return matchesLegacyType(networkCapabilities, legacyType);
+        }
+
+        private void maybeSendConnectivityBroadcast(boolean connected) {
+            for (Integer requestedLegacyType : cm.mLegacyTypeMap.values()) {
+                if (requestedLegacyType.intValue() == legacyType) {
+                    cm.sendConnectivityAction(legacyType, connected /* connected */);
+                    // In practice, a given network can match only one legacy type.
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void fakeConnect() {
+            fakeConnect(BROADCAST_FIRST, null);
+        }
+
+        public void fakeConnect(boolean order, @Nullable Runnable inBetween) {
+            if (order == BROADCAST_FIRST) {
+                maybeSendConnectivityBroadcast(true /* connected */);
+                if (inBetween != null) inBetween.run();
+            }
+
+            for (NetworkCallback cb : cm.mListening.keySet()) {
+                final NetworkRequestInfo nri = cm.mListening.get(cb);
+                nri.handler.post(() -> cb.onAvailable(networkId));
+                nri.handler.post(() -> cb.onCapabilitiesChanged(
+                        networkId, copy(networkCapabilities)));
+                nri.handler.post(() -> cb.onLinkPropertiesChanged(networkId, copy(linkProperties)));
+            }
+
+            if (order == CALLBACKS_FIRST) {
+                if (inBetween != null) inBetween.run();
+                maybeSendConnectivityBroadcast(true /* connected */);
+            }
+            // mTrackingDefault will be updated if/when the caller calls makeDefaultNetwork
+        }
+
+        public void fakeDisconnect() {
+            fakeDisconnect(BROADCAST_FIRST, null);
+        }
+
+        public void fakeDisconnect(boolean order, @Nullable Runnable inBetween) {
+            if (order == BROADCAST_FIRST) {
+                maybeSendConnectivityBroadcast(false /* connected */);
+                if (inBetween != null) inBetween.run();
+            }
+
+            for (NetworkCallback cb : cm.mListening.keySet()) {
+                cb.onLost(networkId);
+            }
+
+            if (order == CALLBACKS_FIRST) {
+                if (inBetween != null) inBetween.run();
+                maybeSendConnectivityBroadcast(false /* connected */);
+            }
+            // mTrackingDefault will be updated if/when the caller calls makeDefaultNetwork
+        }
+
+        public void sendLinkProperties() {
+            for (NetworkCallback cb : cm.mListening.keySet()) {
+                cb.onLinkPropertiesChanged(networkId, copy(linkProperties));
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return String.format("TestNetworkAgent: %s %s", networkId, networkCapabilities);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static NetworkCapabilities copy(NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        return new NetworkCapabilities(nc);
+    }
+
+    static LinkProperties copy(LinkProperties lp) {
+        return new LinkProperties(lp);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfigurationTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfigurationTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8bb315
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfigurationTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,619 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_ETHERNET;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_DUN;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI;
+import static android.provider.DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY;
+import static android.telephony.SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID;
+
+import static com.android.dx.mockito.inline.extended.ExtendedMockito.doReturn;
+import static com.android.dx.mockito.inline.extended.ExtendedMockito.mockitoSession;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetheringConfiguration.TETHER_FORCE_USB_FUNCTIONS;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetheringConfiguration.TETHER_USB_NCM_FUNCTION;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetheringConfiguration.TETHER_USB_RNDIS_FUNCTION;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo;
+import android.content.pm.ModuleInfo;
+import android.content.pm.PackageInfo;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.content.res.Resources;
+import android.net.util.SharedLog;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.provider.DeviceConfig;
+import android.provider.Settings;
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
+import android.test.mock.MockContentResolver;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.internal.util.test.BroadcastInterceptingContext;
+import com.android.internal.util.test.FakeSettingsProvider;
+import com.android.net.module.util.DeviceConfigUtils;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoSession;
+import org.mockito.quality.Strictness;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public class TetheringConfigurationTest {
+    private final SharedLog mLog = new SharedLog("TetheringConfigurationTest");
+
+    @Rule public final DevSdkIgnoreRule mIgnoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
+
+    private static final String[] PROVISIONING_APP_NAME = {"some", "app"};
+    private static final String PROVISIONING_NO_UI_APP_NAME = "no_ui_app";
+    private static final String PROVISIONING_APP_RESPONSE = "app_response";
+    private static final String TEST_PACKAGE_NAME = "com.android.tethering.test";
+    private static final String APEX_NAME = "com.android.tethering";
+    private static final long TEST_PACKAGE_VERSION = 1234L;
+    @Mock private ApplicationInfo mApplicationInfo;
+    @Mock private Context mContext;
+    @Mock private TelephonyManager mTelephonyManager;
+    @Mock private Resources mResources;
+    @Mock private Resources mResourcesForSubId;
+    @Mock private PackageManager mPackageManager;
+    @Mock private ModuleInfo mMi;
+    private Context mMockContext;
+    private boolean mHasTelephonyManager;
+    private MockitoSession mMockingSession;
+    private MockContentResolver mContentResolver;
+
+    private class MockTetheringConfiguration extends TetheringConfiguration {
+        MockTetheringConfiguration(Context ctx, SharedLog log, int id) {
+            super(ctx, log, id);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected Resources getResourcesForSubIdWrapper(Context ctx, int subId) {
+            return mResourcesForSubId;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class MockContext extends BroadcastInterceptingContext {
+        MockContext(Context base) {
+            super(base);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public ApplicationInfo getApplicationInfo() {
+            return mApplicationInfo;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Resources getResources() {
+            return mResources;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Object getSystemService(String name) {
+            if (Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE.equals(name)) {
+                return mHasTelephonyManager ? mTelephonyManager : null;
+            }
+            return super.getSystemService(name);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public PackageManager getPackageManager() {
+            return mPackageManager;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String getPackageName() {
+            return TEST_PACKAGE_NAME;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        // TODO: use a dependencies class instead of mock statics.
+        mMockingSession = mockitoSession()
+                .initMocks(this)
+                .mockStatic(DeviceConfig.class)
+                .strictness(Strictness.WARN)
+                .startMocking();
+        DeviceConfigUtils.resetPackageVersionCacheForTest();
+        doReturn(null).when(
+                () -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(eq(NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY),
+                eq(TetheringConfiguration.TETHER_ENABLE_LEGACY_DHCP_SERVER)));
+        setTetherForceUpstreamAutomaticFlagVersion(null);
+
+        final PackageInfo pi = new PackageInfo();
+        pi.setLongVersionCode(TEST_PACKAGE_VERSION);
+        doReturn(pi).when(mPackageManager).getPackageInfo(eq(TEST_PACKAGE_NAME), anyInt());
+        doReturn(mMi).when(mPackageManager).getModuleInfo(eq(APEX_NAME), anyInt());
+        doReturn(TEST_PACKAGE_NAME).when(mMi).getPackageName();
+
+        when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_tether_dhcp_range)).thenReturn(
+                new String[0]);
+        when(mResources.getInteger(R.integer.config_tether_offload_poll_interval)).thenReturn(
+                TetheringConfiguration.DEFAULT_TETHER_OFFLOAD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS);
+        when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_tether_usb_regexs))
+                .thenReturn(new String[]{ "test_usb\\d" });
+        when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_tether_wifi_regexs))
+                .thenReturn(new String[]{ "test_wlan\\d" });
+        when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_tether_bluetooth_regexs)).thenReturn(
+                new String[0]);
+        when(mResources.getIntArray(R.array.config_tether_upstream_types)).thenReturn(new int[0]);
+        when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_mobile_hotspot_provision_app))
+                .thenReturn(new String[0]);
+        when(mResources.getBoolean(R.bool.config_tether_enable_legacy_dhcp_server)).thenReturn(
+                false);
+        when(mResources.getBoolean(R.bool.config_tether_enable_legacy_wifi_p2p_dedicated_ip))
+                .thenReturn(false);
+        initializeBpfOffloadConfiguration(true, null /* unset */);
+
+        mHasTelephonyManager = true;
+        mMockContext = new MockContext(mContext);
+
+        mContentResolver = new MockContentResolver(mMockContext);
+        mContentResolver.addProvider(Settings.AUTHORITY, new FakeSettingsProvider());
+        when(mContext.getContentResolver()).thenReturn(mContentResolver);
+        // Call {@link #clearSettingsProvider()} before and after using FakeSettingsProvider.
+        FakeSettingsProvider.clearSettingsProvider();
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        mMockingSession.finishMocking();
+        DeviceConfigUtils.resetPackageVersionCacheForTest();
+        // Call {@link #clearSettingsProvider()} before and after using FakeSettingsProvider.
+        FakeSettingsProvider.clearSettingsProvider();
+    }
+
+    private TetheringConfiguration getTetheringConfiguration(int... legacyTetherUpstreamTypes) {
+        when(mResources.getIntArray(R.array.config_tether_upstream_types)).thenReturn(
+                legacyTetherUpstreamTypes);
+        return new TetheringConfiguration(mMockContext, mLog, INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNoTelephonyManagerMeansNoDun() {
+        mHasTelephonyManager = false;
+        final TetheringConfiguration cfg = getTetheringConfiguration(
+                new int[]{TYPE_MOBILE_DUN, TYPE_WIFI});
+        assertFalse(cfg.isDunRequired);
+        assertFalse(cfg.preferredUpstreamIfaceTypes.contains(TYPE_MOBILE_DUN));
+        // Just to prove we haven't clobbered Wi-Fi:
+        assertTrue(cfg.preferredUpstreamIfaceTypes.contains(TYPE_WIFI));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDunFromTelephonyManagerMeansDun() {
+        when(mTelephonyManager.isTetheringApnRequired()).thenReturn(true);
+
+        final TetheringConfiguration cfgWifi = getTetheringConfiguration(TYPE_WIFI);
+        final TetheringConfiguration cfgMobileWifiHipri = getTetheringConfiguration(
+                TYPE_MOBILE, TYPE_WIFI, TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI);
+        final TetheringConfiguration cfgWifiDun = getTetheringConfiguration(
+                TYPE_WIFI, TYPE_MOBILE_DUN);
+        final TetheringConfiguration cfgMobileWifiHipriDun = getTetheringConfiguration(
+                TYPE_MOBILE, TYPE_WIFI, TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI, TYPE_MOBILE_DUN);
+
+        for (TetheringConfiguration cfg : Arrays.asList(cfgWifi, cfgMobileWifiHipri,
+                cfgWifiDun, cfgMobileWifiHipriDun)) {
+            String msg = "config=" + cfg.toString();
+            assertTrue(msg, cfg.isDunRequired);
+            assertTrue(msg, cfg.preferredUpstreamIfaceTypes.contains(TYPE_MOBILE_DUN));
+            assertFalse(msg, cfg.preferredUpstreamIfaceTypes.contains(TYPE_MOBILE));
+            assertFalse(msg, cfg.preferredUpstreamIfaceTypes.contains(TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI));
+            // Just to prove we haven't clobbered Wi-Fi:
+            assertTrue(msg, cfg.preferredUpstreamIfaceTypes.contains(TYPE_WIFI));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDunNotRequiredFromTelephonyManagerMeansNoDun() {
+        when(mTelephonyManager.isTetheringApnRequired()).thenReturn(false);
+
+        final TetheringConfiguration cfgWifi = getTetheringConfiguration(TYPE_WIFI);
+        final TetheringConfiguration cfgMobileWifiHipri = getTetheringConfiguration(
+                TYPE_MOBILE, TYPE_WIFI, TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI);
+        final TetheringConfiguration cfgWifiDun = getTetheringConfiguration(
+                TYPE_WIFI, TYPE_MOBILE_DUN);
+        final TetheringConfiguration cfgWifiMobile = getTetheringConfiguration(
+                TYPE_WIFI, TYPE_MOBILE);
+        final TetheringConfiguration cfgWifiHipri = getTetheringConfiguration(
+                TYPE_WIFI, TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI);
+        final TetheringConfiguration cfgMobileWifiHipriDun = getTetheringConfiguration(
+                TYPE_MOBILE, TYPE_WIFI, TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI, TYPE_MOBILE_DUN);
+
+        String msg;
+        // TYPE_MOBILE_DUN should be present in none of the combinations.
+        // TYPE_WIFI should not be affected.
+        for (TetheringConfiguration cfg : Arrays.asList(cfgWifi, cfgMobileWifiHipri, cfgWifiDun,
+                cfgWifiMobile, cfgWifiHipri, cfgMobileWifiHipriDun)) {
+            msg = "config=" + cfg.toString();
+            assertFalse(msg, cfg.isDunRequired);
+            assertFalse(msg, cfg.preferredUpstreamIfaceTypes.contains(TYPE_MOBILE_DUN));
+            assertTrue(msg, cfg.preferredUpstreamIfaceTypes.contains(TYPE_WIFI));
+        }
+
+        for (TetheringConfiguration cfg : Arrays.asList(cfgWifi, cfgMobileWifiHipri, cfgWifiDun,
+                cfgMobileWifiHipriDun)) {
+            msg = "config=" + cfg.toString();
+            assertTrue(msg, cfg.preferredUpstreamIfaceTypes.contains(TYPE_MOBILE));
+            assertTrue(msg, cfg.preferredUpstreamIfaceTypes.contains(TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI));
+        }
+        msg = "config=" + cfgWifiMobile.toString();
+        assertTrue(msg, cfgWifiMobile.preferredUpstreamIfaceTypes.contains(TYPE_MOBILE));
+        assertFalse(msg, cfgWifiMobile.preferredUpstreamIfaceTypes.contains(TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI));
+        msg = "config=" + cfgWifiHipri.toString();
+        assertFalse(msg, cfgWifiHipri.preferredUpstreamIfaceTypes.contains(TYPE_MOBILE));
+        assertTrue(msg, cfgWifiHipri.preferredUpstreamIfaceTypes.contains(TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI));
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNoDefinedUpstreamTypesAddsEthernet() {
+        when(mResources.getIntArray(R.array.config_tether_upstream_types)).thenReturn(new int[]{});
+        when(mTelephonyManager.isTetheringApnRequired()).thenReturn(false);
+
+        final TetheringConfiguration cfg = new TetheringConfiguration(
+                mMockContext, mLog, INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID);
+        final Iterator<Integer> upstreamIterator = cfg.preferredUpstreamIfaceTypes.iterator();
+        assertTrue(upstreamIterator.hasNext());
+        assertEquals(TYPE_ETHERNET, upstreamIterator.next().intValue());
+        // The following is because the code always adds some kind of mobile
+        // upstream, be it DUN or, in this case where DUN is NOT required,
+        // make sure there is at least one of MOBILE or HIPRI. With the empty
+        // list of the configuration in this test, it will always add both
+        // MOBILE and HIPRI, in that order.
+        assertTrue(upstreamIterator.hasNext());
+        assertEquals(TYPE_MOBILE, upstreamIterator.next().intValue());
+        assertTrue(upstreamIterator.hasNext());
+        assertEquals(TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI, upstreamIterator.next().intValue());
+        assertFalse(upstreamIterator.hasNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDefinedUpstreamTypesSansEthernetAddsEthernet() {
+        when(mResources.getIntArray(R.array.config_tether_upstream_types)).thenReturn(
+                new int[]{TYPE_WIFI, TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI});
+        when(mTelephonyManager.isTetheringApnRequired()).thenReturn(false);
+
+        final TetheringConfiguration cfg = new TetheringConfiguration(
+                mMockContext, mLog, INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID);
+        final Iterator<Integer> upstreamIterator = cfg.preferredUpstreamIfaceTypes.iterator();
+        assertTrue(upstreamIterator.hasNext());
+        assertEquals(TYPE_ETHERNET, upstreamIterator.next().intValue());
+        assertTrue(upstreamIterator.hasNext());
+        assertEquals(TYPE_WIFI, upstreamIterator.next().intValue());
+        assertTrue(upstreamIterator.hasNext());
+        assertEquals(TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI, upstreamIterator.next().intValue());
+        assertFalse(upstreamIterator.hasNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDefinedUpstreamTypesWithEthernetDoesNotAddEthernet() {
+        when(mResources.getIntArray(R.array.config_tether_upstream_types))
+                .thenReturn(new int[]{TYPE_WIFI, TYPE_ETHERNET, TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI});
+        when(mTelephonyManager.isTetheringApnRequired()).thenReturn(false);
+
+        final TetheringConfiguration cfg = new TetheringConfiguration(
+                mMockContext, mLog, INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID);
+        final Iterator<Integer> upstreamIterator = cfg.preferredUpstreamIfaceTypes.iterator();
+        assertTrue(upstreamIterator.hasNext());
+        assertEquals(TYPE_WIFI, upstreamIterator.next().intValue());
+        assertTrue(upstreamIterator.hasNext());
+        assertEquals(TYPE_ETHERNET, upstreamIterator.next().intValue());
+        assertTrue(upstreamIterator.hasNext());
+        assertEquals(TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI, upstreamIterator.next().intValue());
+        assertFalse(upstreamIterator.hasNext());
+    }
+
+    private void initializeBpfOffloadConfiguration(
+            final boolean fromRes, final String fromDevConfig) {
+        when(mResources.getBoolean(R.bool.config_tether_enable_bpf_offload)).thenReturn(fromRes);
+        doReturn(fromDevConfig).when(
+                () -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(eq(NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY),
+                eq(TetheringConfiguration.OVERRIDE_TETHER_ENABLE_BPF_OFFLOAD)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBpfOffloadEnabledByResource() {
+        initializeBpfOffloadConfiguration(true, null /* unset */);
+        final TetheringConfiguration enableByRes =
+                new TetheringConfiguration(mMockContext, mLog, INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID);
+        assertTrue(enableByRes.isBpfOffloadEnabled());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBpfOffloadEnabledByDeviceConfigOverride() {
+        for (boolean res : new boolean[]{true, false}) {
+            initializeBpfOffloadConfiguration(res, "true");
+            final TetheringConfiguration enableByDevConOverride =
+                    new TetheringConfiguration(mMockContext, mLog, INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID);
+            assertTrue(enableByDevConOverride.isBpfOffloadEnabled());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBpfOffloadDisabledByResource() {
+        initializeBpfOffloadConfiguration(false, null /* unset */);
+        final TetheringConfiguration disableByRes =
+                new TetheringConfiguration(mMockContext, mLog, INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID);
+        assertFalse(disableByRes.isBpfOffloadEnabled());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBpfOffloadDisabledByDeviceConfigOverride() {
+        for (boolean res : new boolean[]{true, false}) {
+            initializeBpfOffloadConfiguration(res, "false");
+            final TetheringConfiguration disableByDevConOverride =
+                    new TetheringConfiguration(mMockContext, mLog, INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID);
+            assertFalse(disableByDevConOverride.isBpfOffloadEnabled());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNewDhcpServerDisabled() {
+        when(mResources.getBoolean(R.bool.config_tether_enable_legacy_dhcp_server)).thenReturn(
+                true);
+        doReturn("false").when(
+                () -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(eq(NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY),
+                eq(TetheringConfiguration.TETHER_ENABLE_LEGACY_DHCP_SERVER)));
+
+        final TetheringConfiguration enableByRes =
+                new TetheringConfiguration(mMockContext, mLog, INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID);
+        assertTrue(enableByRes.useLegacyDhcpServer());
+
+        when(mResources.getBoolean(R.bool.config_tether_enable_legacy_dhcp_server)).thenReturn(
+                false);
+        doReturn("true").when(
+                () -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(eq(NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY),
+                eq(TetheringConfiguration.TETHER_ENABLE_LEGACY_DHCP_SERVER)));
+
+        final TetheringConfiguration enableByDevConfig =
+                new TetheringConfiguration(mMockContext, mLog, INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID);
+        assertTrue(enableByDevConfig.useLegacyDhcpServer());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNewDhcpServerEnabled() {
+        when(mResources.getBoolean(R.bool.config_tether_enable_legacy_dhcp_server)).thenReturn(
+                false);
+        doReturn("false").when(
+                () -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(eq(NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY),
+                eq(TetheringConfiguration.TETHER_ENABLE_LEGACY_DHCP_SERVER)));
+
+        final TetheringConfiguration cfg =
+                new TetheringConfiguration(mMockContext, mLog, INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID);
+
+        assertFalse(cfg.useLegacyDhcpServer());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOffloadIntervalByResource() {
+        final TetheringConfiguration intervalByDefault =
+                new TetheringConfiguration(mMockContext, mLog, INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID);
+        assertEquals(TetheringConfiguration.DEFAULT_TETHER_OFFLOAD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS,
+                intervalByDefault.getOffloadPollInterval());
+
+        final int[] testOverrides = {0, 3000, -1};
+        for (final int override : testOverrides) {
+            when(mResources.getInteger(R.integer.config_tether_offload_poll_interval)).thenReturn(
+                    override);
+            final TetheringConfiguration overrideByRes =
+                    new TetheringConfiguration(mMockContext, mLog, INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID);
+            assertEquals(override, overrideByRes.getOffloadPollInterval());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetResourcesBySubId() {
+        setUpResourceForSubId();
+        final TetheringConfiguration cfg = new TetheringConfiguration(
+                mMockContext, mLog, INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID);
+        assertTrue(cfg.provisioningApp.length == 0);
+        final int anyValidSubId = 1;
+        final MockTetheringConfiguration mockCfg =
+                new MockTetheringConfiguration(mMockContext, mLog, anyValidSubId);
+        assertEquals(mockCfg.provisioningApp[0], PROVISIONING_APP_NAME[0]);
+        assertEquals(mockCfg.provisioningApp[1], PROVISIONING_APP_NAME[1]);
+        assertEquals(mockCfg.provisioningAppNoUi, PROVISIONING_NO_UI_APP_NAME);
+        assertEquals(mockCfg.provisioningResponse, PROVISIONING_APP_RESPONSE);
+    }
+
+    private void setUpResourceForSubId() {
+        when(mResourcesForSubId.getStringArray(
+                R.array.config_tether_dhcp_range)).thenReturn(new String[0]);
+        when(mResourcesForSubId.getStringArray(
+                R.array.config_tether_usb_regexs)).thenReturn(new String[0]);
+        when(mResourcesForSubId.getStringArray(
+                R.array.config_tether_wifi_regexs)).thenReturn(new String[]{ "test_wlan\\d" });
+        when(mResourcesForSubId.getStringArray(
+                R.array.config_tether_bluetooth_regexs)).thenReturn(new String[0]);
+        when(mResourcesForSubId.getIntArray(R.array.config_tether_upstream_types)).thenReturn(
+                new int[0]);
+        when(mResourcesForSubId.getStringArray(
+                R.array.config_mobile_hotspot_provision_app)).thenReturn(PROVISIONING_APP_NAME);
+        when(mResourcesForSubId.getString(R.string.config_mobile_hotspot_provision_app_no_ui))
+                .thenReturn(PROVISIONING_NO_UI_APP_NAME);
+        when(mResourcesForSubId.getString(
+                R.string.config_mobile_hotspot_provision_response)).thenReturn(
+                PROVISIONING_APP_RESPONSE);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEnableLegacyWifiP2PAddress() throws Exception {
+        final TetheringConfiguration defaultCfg = new TetheringConfiguration(
+                mMockContext, mLog, INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID);
+        assertFalse(defaultCfg.shouldEnableWifiP2pDedicatedIp());
+
+        when(mResources.getBoolean(R.bool.config_tether_enable_legacy_wifi_p2p_dedicated_ip))
+                .thenReturn(true);
+        final TetheringConfiguration testCfg = new TetheringConfiguration(
+                mMockContext, mLog, INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID);
+        assertTrue(testCfg.shouldEnableWifiP2pDedicatedIp());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testChooseUpstreamAutomatically() throws Exception {
+        when(mResources.getBoolean(R.bool.config_tether_upstream_automatic))
+                .thenReturn(true);
+        assertChooseUpstreamAutomaticallyIs(true);
+
+        when(mResources.getBoolean(R.bool.config_tether_upstream_automatic))
+                .thenReturn(false);
+        assertChooseUpstreamAutomaticallyIs(false);
+    }
+
+    // The flag override only works on R-
+    @Test @IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testChooseUpstreamAutomatically_FlagOverride() throws Exception {
+        when(mResources.getBoolean(R.bool.config_tether_upstream_automatic))
+                .thenReturn(false);
+        setTetherForceUpstreamAutomaticFlagVersion(TEST_PACKAGE_VERSION - 1);
+        assertTrue(DeviceConfigUtils.isFeatureEnabled(mMockContext, NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY,
+                TetheringConfiguration.TETHER_FORCE_UPSTREAM_AUTOMATIC_VERSION, APEX_NAME, false));
+
+        assertChooseUpstreamAutomaticallyIs(true);
+
+        setTetherForceUpstreamAutomaticFlagVersion(0L);
+        assertChooseUpstreamAutomaticallyIs(false);
+
+        setTetherForceUpstreamAutomaticFlagVersion(Long.MAX_VALUE);
+        assertChooseUpstreamAutomaticallyIs(false);
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testChooseUpstreamAutomatically_FlagOverrideAfterR() throws Exception {
+        when(mResources.getBoolean(R.bool.config_tether_upstream_automatic))
+                .thenReturn(false);
+        setTetherForceUpstreamAutomaticFlagVersion(TEST_PACKAGE_VERSION - 1);
+        assertChooseUpstreamAutomaticallyIs(false);
+    }
+
+    private void setTetherForceUpstreamAutomaticFlagVersion(Long version) {
+        doReturn(version == null ? null : Long.toString(version)).when(
+                () -> DeviceConfig.getProperty(eq(NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY),
+                        eq(TetheringConfiguration.TETHER_FORCE_UPSTREAM_AUTOMATIC_VERSION)));
+    }
+
+    private void assertChooseUpstreamAutomaticallyIs(boolean value) {
+        assertEquals(value, new TetheringConfiguration(mMockContext, mLog, INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID)
+                .chooseUpstreamAutomatically);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUsbTetheringFunctions() throws Exception {
+        // Test default value. If both resource and settings is not configured, usingNcm is false.
+        assertIsUsingNcm(false /* usingNcm */);
+
+        when(mResources.getInteger(R.integer.config_tether_usb_functions)).thenReturn(
+                TETHER_USB_NCM_FUNCTION);
+        assertIsUsingNcm(true /* usingNcm */);
+
+        when(mResources.getInteger(R.integer.config_tether_usb_functions)).thenReturn(
+                TETHER_USB_RNDIS_FUNCTION);
+        assertIsUsingNcm(false /* usingNcm */);
+
+        setTetherForceUsbFunctions(TETHER_USB_RNDIS_FUNCTION);
+        assertIsUsingNcm(false /* usingNcm */);
+
+        setTetherForceUsbFunctions(TETHER_USB_NCM_FUNCTION);
+        assertIsUsingNcm(true /* usingNcm */);
+
+        // Test throws NumberFormatException.
+        setTetherForceUsbFunctions("WrongNumberFormat");
+        assertIsUsingNcm(false /* usingNcm */);
+    }
+
+    private void assertIsUsingNcm(boolean expected) {
+        final TetheringConfiguration cfg =
+                new TetheringConfiguration(mMockContext, mLog, INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID);
+        assertEquals(expected, cfg.isUsingNcm());
+    }
+
+    private void setTetherForceUsbFunctions(final String value) {
+        Settings.Global.putString(mContentResolver, TETHER_FORCE_USB_FUNCTIONS, value);
+    }
+
+    private void setTetherForceUsbFunctions(final int value) {
+        setTetherForceUsbFunctions(Integer.toString(value));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNcmRegexs() throws Exception {
+        final String[] rndisRegexs = {"test_rndis\\d"};
+        final String[] ncmRegexs   = {"test_ncm\\d"};
+        final String[] rndisNcmRegexs   = {"test_rndis\\d", "test_ncm\\d"};
+
+        // cfg.isUsingNcm = false.
+        when(mResources.getInteger(R.integer.config_tether_usb_functions)).thenReturn(
+                TETHER_USB_RNDIS_FUNCTION);
+        setUsbAndNcmRegexs(rndisRegexs, ncmRegexs);
+        assertUsbAndNcmRegexs(rndisRegexs, ncmRegexs);
+
+        setUsbAndNcmRegexs(rndisNcmRegexs, new String[0]);
+        assertUsbAndNcmRegexs(rndisNcmRegexs, new String[0]);
+
+        // cfg.isUsingNcm = true.
+        when(mResources.getInteger(R.integer.config_tether_usb_functions)).thenReturn(
+                TETHER_USB_NCM_FUNCTION);
+        setUsbAndNcmRegexs(rndisRegexs, ncmRegexs);
+        assertUsbAndNcmRegexs(ncmRegexs, new String[0]);
+
+        setUsbAndNcmRegexs(rndisNcmRegexs, new String[0]);
+        assertUsbAndNcmRegexs(rndisNcmRegexs, new String[0]);
+
+        // Check USB regex is not overwritten by the NCM regex after force to use rndis from
+        // Settings.
+        setUsbAndNcmRegexs(rndisRegexs, ncmRegexs);
+        setTetherForceUsbFunctions(TETHER_USB_RNDIS_FUNCTION);
+        assertUsbAndNcmRegexs(rndisRegexs, ncmRegexs);
+    }
+
+    private void setUsbAndNcmRegexs(final String[] usbRegexs, final String[] ncmRegexs) {
+        when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_tether_usb_regexs)).thenReturn(usbRegexs);
+        when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_tether_ncm_regexs)).thenReturn(ncmRegexs);
+    }
+
+    private void assertUsbAndNcmRegexs(final String[] usbRegexs, final String[] ncmRegexs) {
+        final TetheringConfiguration cfg =
+                new TetheringConfiguration(mMockContext, mLog, INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID);
+        assertArrayEquals(usbRegexs, cfg.tetherableUsbRegexs);
+        assertArrayEquals(ncmRegexs, cfg.tetherableNcmRegexs);
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringNotificationUpdaterTest.kt b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringNotificationUpdaterTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..75c819b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringNotificationUpdaterTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,444 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering
+
+import android.app.Notification
+import android.app.NotificationManager
+import android.app.PendingIntent
+import android.app.PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE
+import android.content.Context
+import android.content.Intent
+import android.content.pm.ActivityInfo
+import android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager
+import android.content.pm.ResolveInfo
+import android.content.res.Resources
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.TETHERING_WIFI
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING
+import android.os.Handler
+import android.os.HandlerThread
+import android.os.Looper
+import android.os.UserHandle
+import android.provider.Settings
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
+import com.android.internal.util.test.BroadcastInterceptingContext
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetheringNotificationUpdater.ACTION_DISABLE_TETHERING
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetheringNotificationUpdater.DOWNSTREAM_NONE
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetheringNotificationUpdater.EVENT_SHOW_NO_UPSTREAM
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetheringNotificationUpdater.NO_UPSTREAM_NOTIFICATION_ID
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetheringNotificationUpdater.RESTRICTED_NOTIFICATION_ID
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetheringNotificationUpdater.ROAMING_NOTIFICATION_ID
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetheringNotificationUpdater.VERIZON_CARRIER_ID
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetheringNotificationUpdater.getSettingsPackageName
+import com.android.testutils.waitForIdle
+import org.junit.After
+import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
+import org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull
+import org.junit.Assert.fail
+import org.junit.Before
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq
+import org.mockito.Mock
+import org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn
+import org.mockito.Mockito.mock
+import org.mockito.Mockito.never
+import org.mockito.Mockito.reset
+import org.mockito.Mockito.times
+import org.mockito.Mockito.verify
+import org.mockito.Mockito.verifyZeroInteractions
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations
+
+const val TEST_SUBID = 1
+const val WIFI_MASK = 1 shl TETHERING_WIFI
+const val TEST_DISALLOW_TITLE = "Tether function is disallowed"
+const val TEST_DISALLOW_MESSAGE = "Please contact your admin"
+const val TEST_NO_UPSTREAM_TITLE = "Hotspot has no internet access"
+const val TEST_NO_UPSTREAM_MESSAGE = "Device cannot connect to internet."
+const val TEST_NO_UPSTREAM_BUTTON = "Turn off hotspot"
+const val TEST_ROAMING_TITLE = "Hotspot is on"
+const val TEST_ROAMING_MESSAGE = "Additional charges may apply while roaming."
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+@SmallTest
+class TetheringNotificationUpdaterTest {
+    // lateinit used here for mocks as they need to be reinitialized between each test and the test
+    // should crash if they are used before being initialized.
+    @Mock private lateinit var mockContext: Context
+    @Mock private lateinit var notificationManager: NotificationManager
+    @Mock private lateinit var telephonyManager: TelephonyManager
+    @Mock private lateinit var testResources: Resources
+
+    // lateinit for these classes under test, as they should be reset to a different instance for
+    // every test but should always be initialized before use (or the test should crash).
+    private lateinit var context: TestContext
+    private lateinit var notificationUpdater: TetheringNotificationUpdater
+
+    // Initializing the following members depends on initializing some of the mocks and
+    // is more logically done in setup().
+    private lateinit var fakeTetheringThread: HandlerThread
+
+    private val ROAMING_CAPABILITIES = NetworkCapabilities()
+    private val HOME_CAPABILITIES = NetworkCapabilities().addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING)
+    private val NOTIFICATION_ICON_ID = R.drawable.stat_sys_tether_general
+    private val TIMEOUT_MS = 500L
+    private val ACTIVITY_PENDING_INTENT = 0
+    private val BROADCAST_PENDING_INTENT = 1
+
+    private inner class TestContext(c: Context) : BroadcastInterceptingContext(c) {
+        override fun createContextAsUser(user: UserHandle, flags: Int) =
+                if (user == UserHandle.ALL) mockContext else this
+        override fun getSystemService(name: String) =
+                if (name == Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE) telephonyManager
+                else super.getSystemService(name)
+    }
+
+    private inner class WrappedNotificationUpdater(c: Context, looper: Looper)
+        : TetheringNotificationUpdater(c, looper) {
+        override fun getResourcesForSubId(c: Context, subId: Int) =
+                if (subId == TEST_SUBID) testResources else super.getResourcesForSubId(c, subId)
+    }
+
+    private fun setupResources() {
+        doReturn(5).`when`(testResources)
+                .getInteger(R.integer.delay_to_show_no_upstream_after_no_backhaul)
+        doReturn(true).`when`(testResources)
+                .getBoolean(R.bool.config_upstream_roaming_notification)
+        doReturn(TEST_DISALLOW_TITLE).`when`(testResources)
+                .getString(R.string.disable_tether_notification_title)
+        doReturn(TEST_DISALLOW_MESSAGE).`when`(testResources)
+                .getString(R.string.disable_tether_notification_message)
+        doReturn(TEST_NO_UPSTREAM_TITLE).`when`(testResources)
+                .getString(R.string.no_upstream_notification_title)
+        doReturn(TEST_NO_UPSTREAM_MESSAGE).`when`(testResources)
+                .getString(R.string.no_upstream_notification_message)
+        doReturn(TEST_NO_UPSTREAM_BUTTON).`when`(testResources)
+                .getString(R.string.no_upstream_notification_disable_button)
+        doReturn(TEST_ROAMING_TITLE).`when`(testResources)
+                .getString(R.string.upstream_roaming_notification_title)
+        doReturn(TEST_ROAMING_MESSAGE).`when`(testResources)
+                .getString(R.string.upstream_roaming_notification_message)
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    fun setUp() {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this)
+        context = TestContext(InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().context)
+        doReturn(notificationManager).`when`(mockContext)
+                .getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE)
+        fakeTetheringThread = HandlerThread(this::class.java.simpleName)
+        fakeTetheringThread.start()
+        notificationUpdater = WrappedNotificationUpdater(context, fakeTetheringThread.looper)
+        setupResources()
+    }
+
+    @After
+    fun tearDown() {
+        fakeTetheringThread.quitSafely()
+    }
+
+    private fun verifyActivityPendingIntent(intent: Intent, flags: Int) {
+        // Use FLAG_NO_CREATE to verify whether PendingIntent has FLAG_IMMUTABLE flag(forcefully add
+        // the flag in creating arguments). If the described PendingIntent does not already exist,
+        // getActivity() will return null instead of PendingIntent object.
+        val pi = PendingIntent.getActivity(
+                context.createContextAsUser(UserHandle.CURRENT, 0 /* flags */),
+                0 /* requestCode */,
+                intent,
+                flags or FLAG_IMMUTABLE or PendingIntent.FLAG_NO_CREATE,
+                null /* options */)
+        assertNotNull("Activity PendingIntent with FLAG_IMMUTABLE does not exist.", pi)
+    }
+
+    private fun verifyBroadcastPendingIntent(intent: Intent, flags: Int) {
+        // Use FLAG_NO_CREATE to verify whether PendingIntent has FLAG_IMMUTABLE flag(forcefully add
+        // the flag in creating arguments). If the described PendingIntent does not already exist,
+        // getBroadcast() will return null instead of PendingIntent object.
+        val pi = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(
+                context.createContextAsUser(UserHandle.CURRENT, 0 /* flags */),
+                0 /* requestCode */,
+                intent,
+                flags or FLAG_IMMUTABLE or PendingIntent.FLAG_NO_CREATE)
+        assertNotNull("Broadcast PendingIntent with FLAG_IMMUTABLE does not exist.", pi)
+    }
+
+    private fun Notification.title() = this.extras.getString(Notification.EXTRA_TITLE)
+    private fun Notification.text() = this.extras.getString(Notification.EXTRA_TEXT)
+
+    private fun verifyNotification(
+        iconId: Int,
+        title: String,
+        text: String,
+        id: Int,
+        intentSenderType: Int,
+        intent: Intent,
+        flags: Int
+    ) {
+        verify(notificationManager, never()).cancel(any(), eq(id))
+
+        val notificationCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Notification::class.java)
+        verify(notificationManager, times(1))
+                .notify(any(), eq(id), notificationCaptor.capture())
+
+        val notification = notificationCaptor.getValue()
+        assertEquals(iconId, notification.smallIcon.resId)
+        assertEquals(title, notification.title())
+        assertEquals(text, notification.text())
+
+        when (intentSenderType) {
+            ACTIVITY_PENDING_INTENT -> verifyActivityPendingIntent(intent, flags)
+            BROADCAST_PENDING_INTENT -> verifyBroadcastPendingIntent(intent, flags)
+        }
+
+        reset(notificationManager)
+    }
+
+    private fun verifyNotificationCancelled(
+        notificationIds: List<Int>,
+        resetAfterVerified: Boolean = true
+    ) {
+        notificationIds.forEach {
+            verify(notificationManager, times(1)).cancel(any(), eq(it))
+        }
+        if (resetAfterVerified) reset(notificationManager)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testRestrictedNotification() {
+        val settingsIntent = Intent(Settings.ACTION_TETHER_SETTINGS)
+                .setPackage(getSettingsPackageName(context.packageManager))
+                .addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK)
+
+        // Set test sub id.
+        notificationUpdater.onActiveDataSubscriptionIdChanged(TEST_SUBID)
+        verifyNotificationCancelled(listOf(NO_UPSTREAM_NOTIFICATION_ID, ROAMING_NOTIFICATION_ID))
+
+        // User restrictions on. Show restricted notification.
+        notificationUpdater.notifyTetheringDisabledByRestriction()
+        verifyNotification(NOTIFICATION_ICON_ID, TEST_DISALLOW_TITLE, TEST_DISALLOW_MESSAGE,
+                RESTRICTED_NOTIFICATION_ID, ACTIVITY_PENDING_INTENT, settingsIntent, FLAG_IMMUTABLE)
+
+        // User restrictions off. Clear notification.
+        notificationUpdater.tetheringRestrictionLifted()
+        verifyNotificationCancelled(listOf(RESTRICTED_NOTIFICATION_ID))
+
+        // No downstream.
+        notificationUpdater.onDownstreamChanged(DOWNSTREAM_NONE)
+        verifyZeroInteractions(notificationManager)
+
+        // User restrictions on again. Show restricted notification.
+        notificationUpdater.notifyTetheringDisabledByRestriction()
+        verifyNotification(NOTIFICATION_ICON_ID, TEST_DISALLOW_TITLE, TEST_DISALLOW_MESSAGE,
+                RESTRICTED_NOTIFICATION_ID, ACTIVITY_PENDING_INTENT, settingsIntent, FLAG_IMMUTABLE)
+    }
+
+    val MAX_BACKOFF_MS = 200L
+    /**
+     * Waits for all messages, including delayed ones, to be processed.
+     *
+     * This will wait until the handler has no more messages to be processed including
+     * delayed ones, or the timeout has expired. It uses an exponential backoff strategy
+     * to wait longer and longer to consume less CPU, with the max granularity being
+     * MAX_BACKOFF_MS.
+     *
+     * @return true if all messages have been processed including delayed ones, false if timeout
+     *
+     * TODO: Move this method to com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils.kt.
+     */
+    private fun Handler.waitForDelayedMessage(what: Int?, timeoutMs: Long) {
+        fun hasMatchingMessages() =
+                if (what == null) hasMessagesOrCallbacks() else hasMessages(what)
+        val expiry = System.currentTimeMillis() + timeoutMs
+        var delay = 5L
+        while (System.currentTimeMillis() < expiry && hasMatchingMessages()) {
+            // None of Handler, Looper, Message and MessageQueue expose any way to retrieve
+            // the time when the next (let alone the last) message will be processed, so
+            // short of examining the internals with reflection sleep() is the only solution.
+            Thread.sleep(delay)
+            delay = (delay * 2)
+                    .coerceAtMost(expiry - System.currentTimeMillis())
+                    .coerceAtMost(MAX_BACKOFF_MS)
+        }
+
+        val timeout = expiry - System.currentTimeMillis()
+        if (timeout <= 0) fail("Delayed message did not process yet after ${timeoutMs}ms")
+        waitForIdle(timeout)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testNoUpstreamNotification() {
+        val disableIntent = Intent(ACTION_DISABLE_TETHERING).setPackage(context.packageName)
+
+        // Set test sub id.
+        notificationUpdater.onActiveDataSubscriptionIdChanged(TEST_SUBID)
+        verifyNotificationCancelled(listOf(NO_UPSTREAM_NOTIFICATION_ID, ROAMING_NOTIFICATION_ID))
+
+        // Wifi downstream.
+        notificationUpdater.onDownstreamChanged(WIFI_MASK)
+        verifyNotificationCancelled(listOf(NO_UPSTREAM_NOTIFICATION_ID, ROAMING_NOTIFICATION_ID))
+
+        // There is no upstream. Show no upstream notification.
+        notificationUpdater.onUpstreamCapabilitiesChanged(null)
+        notificationUpdater.handler.waitForDelayedMessage(EVENT_SHOW_NO_UPSTREAM, TIMEOUT_MS)
+        verifyNotification(NOTIFICATION_ICON_ID, TEST_NO_UPSTREAM_TITLE, TEST_NO_UPSTREAM_MESSAGE,
+                NO_UPSTREAM_NOTIFICATION_ID, BROADCAST_PENDING_INTENT, disableIntent,
+                FLAG_IMMUTABLE)
+
+        // Same capabilities changed. Nothing happened.
+        notificationUpdater.onUpstreamCapabilitiesChanged(null)
+        verifyZeroInteractions(notificationManager)
+
+        // Upstream come back. Clear no upstream notification.
+        notificationUpdater.onUpstreamCapabilitiesChanged(HOME_CAPABILITIES)
+        verifyNotificationCancelled(listOf(NO_UPSTREAM_NOTIFICATION_ID))
+
+        // No upstream again. Show no upstream notification.
+        notificationUpdater.onUpstreamCapabilitiesChanged(null)
+        notificationUpdater.handler.waitForDelayedMessage(EVENT_SHOW_NO_UPSTREAM, TIMEOUT_MS)
+        verifyNotification(NOTIFICATION_ICON_ID, TEST_NO_UPSTREAM_TITLE, TEST_NO_UPSTREAM_MESSAGE,
+                NO_UPSTREAM_NOTIFICATION_ID, BROADCAST_PENDING_INTENT, disableIntent,
+                FLAG_IMMUTABLE)
+
+        // No downstream.
+        notificationUpdater.onDownstreamChanged(DOWNSTREAM_NONE)
+        verifyNotificationCancelled(listOf(NO_UPSTREAM_NOTIFICATION_ID, ROAMING_NOTIFICATION_ID))
+
+        // Wifi downstream and home capabilities.
+        notificationUpdater.onDownstreamChanged(WIFI_MASK)
+        notificationUpdater.onUpstreamCapabilitiesChanged(HOME_CAPABILITIES)
+        verifyNotificationCancelled(listOf(NO_UPSTREAM_NOTIFICATION_ID, ROAMING_NOTIFICATION_ID))
+
+        // Set R.integer.delay_to_show_no_upstream_after_no_backhaul to -1 and change to no upstream
+        // again. Don't put up no upstream notification.
+        doReturn(-1).`when`(testResources)
+                .getInteger(R.integer.delay_to_show_no_upstream_after_no_backhaul)
+        notificationUpdater.onUpstreamCapabilitiesChanged(null)
+        notificationUpdater.handler.waitForDelayedMessage(EVENT_SHOW_NO_UPSTREAM, TIMEOUT_MS)
+        verifyNotificationCancelled(listOf(NO_UPSTREAM_NOTIFICATION_ID))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetResourcesForSubId() {
+        doReturn(telephonyManager).`when`(telephonyManager).createForSubscriptionId(anyInt())
+        doReturn(1234).`when`(telephonyManager).getSimCarrierId()
+        doReturn("000000").`when`(telephonyManager).getSimOperator()
+
+        val subId = -2 // Use invalid subId to avoid getting resource from cache or real subId.
+        val config = context.resources.configuration
+        var res = notificationUpdater.getResourcesForSubId(context, subId)
+        assertEquals(config.mcc, res.configuration.mcc)
+        assertEquals(config.mnc, res.configuration.mnc)
+
+        doReturn(VERIZON_CARRIER_ID).`when`(telephonyManager).getSimCarrierId()
+        res = notificationUpdater.getResourcesForSubId(context, subId)
+        assertEquals(config.mcc, res.configuration.mcc)
+        assertEquals(config.mnc, res.configuration.mnc)
+
+        doReturn("20404").`when`(telephonyManager).getSimOperator()
+        res = notificationUpdater.getResourcesForSubId(context, subId)
+        assertEquals(311, res.configuration.mcc)
+        assertEquals(480, res.configuration.mnc)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testRoamingNotification() {
+        val disableIntent = Intent(ACTION_DISABLE_TETHERING).setPackage(context.packageName)
+        val settingsIntent = Intent(Settings.ACTION_TETHER_SETTINGS)
+                .setPackage(getSettingsPackageName(context.packageManager))
+                .addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK)
+
+        // Set test sub id.
+        notificationUpdater.onActiveDataSubscriptionIdChanged(TEST_SUBID)
+        verifyNotificationCancelled(listOf(NO_UPSTREAM_NOTIFICATION_ID, ROAMING_NOTIFICATION_ID))
+
+        // Wifi downstream.
+        notificationUpdater.onDownstreamChanged(WIFI_MASK)
+        verifyNotificationCancelled(listOf(NO_UPSTREAM_NOTIFICATION_ID, ROAMING_NOTIFICATION_ID))
+
+        // Upstream capabilities changed to roaming state. Show roaming notification.
+        notificationUpdater.onUpstreamCapabilitiesChanged(ROAMING_CAPABILITIES)
+        verifyNotification(NOTIFICATION_ICON_ID, TEST_ROAMING_TITLE, TEST_ROAMING_MESSAGE,
+                ROAMING_NOTIFICATION_ID, ACTIVITY_PENDING_INTENT, settingsIntent, FLAG_IMMUTABLE)
+
+        // Same capabilities change. Nothing happened.
+        notificationUpdater.onUpstreamCapabilitiesChanged(ROAMING_CAPABILITIES)
+        verifyZeroInteractions(notificationManager)
+
+        // Upstream capabilities changed to home state. Clear roaming notification.
+        notificationUpdater.onUpstreamCapabilitiesChanged(HOME_CAPABILITIES)
+        verifyNotificationCancelled(listOf(ROAMING_NOTIFICATION_ID))
+
+        // Upstream capabilities changed to roaming state again. Show roaming notification.
+        notificationUpdater.onUpstreamCapabilitiesChanged(ROAMING_CAPABILITIES)
+        verifyNotification(NOTIFICATION_ICON_ID, TEST_ROAMING_TITLE, TEST_ROAMING_MESSAGE,
+                ROAMING_NOTIFICATION_ID, ACTIVITY_PENDING_INTENT, settingsIntent, FLAG_IMMUTABLE)
+
+        // No upstream. Clear roaming notification and show no upstream notification.
+        notificationUpdater.onUpstreamCapabilitiesChanged(null)
+        notificationUpdater.handler.waitForDelayedMessage(EVENT_SHOW_NO_UPSTREAM, TIMEOUT_MS)
+        verifyNotificationCancelled(listOf(ROAMING_NOTIFICATION_ID), false)
+        verifyNotification(NOTIFICATION_ICON_ID, TEST_NO_UPSTREAM_TITLE, TEST_NO_UPSTREAM_MESSAGE,
+                NO_UPSTREAM_NOTIFICATION_ID, BROADCAST_PENDING_INTENT, disableIntent,
+                FLAG_IMMUTABLE)
+
+        // No downstream.
+        notificationUpdater.onDownstreamChanged(DOWNSTREAM_NONE)
+        verifyNotificationCancelled(listOf(NO_UPSTREAM_NOTIFICATION_ID, ROAMING_NOTIFICATION_ID))
+
+        // Wifi downstream again.
+        notificationUpdater.onDownstreamChanged(WIFI_MASK)
+        notificationUpdater.handler.waitForDelayedMessage(EVENT_SHOW_NO_UPSTREAM, TIMEOUT_MS)
+        verifyNotificationCancelled(listOf(ROAMING_NOTIFICATION_ID), false)
+        verifyNotification(NOTIFICATION_ICON_ID, TEST_NO_UPSTREAM_TITLE, TEST_NO_UPSTREAM_MESSAGE,
+                NO_UPSTREAM_NOTIFICATION_ID, BROADCAST_PENDING_INTENT, disableIntent,
+                FLAG_IMMUTABLE)
+
+        // Set R.bool.config_upstream_roaming_notification to false and change upstream
+        // network to roaming state again. No roaming notification.
+        doReturn(false).`when`(testResources)
+                .getBoolean(R.bool.config_upstream_roaming_notification)
+        notificationUpdater.onUpstreamCapabilitiesChanged(ROAMING_CAPABILITIES)
+        verifyNotificationCancelled(listOf(NO_UPSTREAM_NOTIFICATION_ID, ROAMING_NOTIFICATION_ID))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetSettingsPackageName() {
+        val defaultSettingsPackageName = "com.android.settings"
+        val testSettingsPackageName = "com.android.test.settings"
+        val pm = mock(PackageManager::class.java)
+        doReturn(null).`when`(pm).resolveActivity(any(), anyInt())
+        assertEquals(defaultSettingsPackageName, getSettingsPackageName(pm))
+
+        val resolveInfo = ResolveInfo().apply {
+            activityInfo = ActivityInfo().apply {
+                name = "test"
+                applicationInfo = ApplicationInfo().apply {
+                    packageName = testSettingsPackageName
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        doReturn(resolveInfo).`when`(pm).resolveActivity(any(), anyInt())
+        assertEquals(testSettingsPackageName, getSettingsPackageName(pm))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringServiceTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringServiceTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f664d5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringServiceTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,583 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+
+import static android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_NO_ACCESS_TETHERING_PERMISSION;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyBoolean;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verifyNoMoreInteractions;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.app.UiAutomation;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.net.IIntResultListener;
+import android.net.ITetheringConnector;
+import android.net.ITetheringEventCallback;
+import android.net.TetheringManager;
+import android.net.TetheringRequestParcel;
+import android.net.ip.IpServer;
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.os.ConditionVariable;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.ResultReceiver;
+
+import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.rule.ServiceTestRule;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.MockTetheringService.MockTetheringConnector;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public final class TetheringServiceTest {
+    private static final String TEST_IFACE_NAME = "test_wlan0";
+    private static final String TEST_CALLER_PKG = "com.android.shell";
+    private static final String TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG = null;
+    @Mock private ITetheringEventCallback mITetheringEventCallback;
+    @Rule public ServiceTestRule mServiceTestRule;
+    private Tethering mTethering;
+    private Intent mMockServiceIntent;
+    private MockTetheringConnector mMockConnector;
+    private ITetheringConnector mTetheringConnector;
+    private UiAutomation mUiAutomation;
+
+    private class TestTetheringResult extends IIntResultListener.Stub {
+        private int mResult = -1; // Default value that does not match any result code.
+        @Override
+        public void onResult(final int resultCode) {
+            mResult = resultCode;
+        }
+
+        public void assertResult(final int expected) {
+            assertEquals(expected, mResult);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class MyResultReceiver extends ResultReceiver {
+        MyResultReceiver(Handler handler) {
+            super(handler);
+        }
+        private int mResult = -1; // Default value that does not match any result code.
+        @Override
+        protected void onReceiveResult(int resultCode, Bundle resultData) {
+            mResult = resultCode;
+        }
+
+        public void assertResult(int expected) {
+            assertEquals(expected, mResult);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+        mUiAutomation =
+            InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getUiAutomation();
+        mServiceTestRule = new ServiceTestRule();
+        mMockServiceIntent = new Intent(
+                InstrumentationRegistry.getTargetContext(),
+                MockTetheringService.class);
+        mMockConnector = (MockTetheringConnector) mServiceTestRule.bindService(mMockServiceIntent);
+        mTetheringConnector = ITetheringConnector.Stub.asInterface(mMockConnector.getIBinder());
+        final MockTetheringService service = mMockConnector.getService();
+        mTethering = service.getTethering();
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        mServiceTestRule.unbindService();
+        mUiAutomation.dropShellPermissionIdentity();
+    }
+
+    private interface TestTetheringCall {
+        void runTetheringCall(TestTetheringResult result) throws Exception;
+    }
+
+    private void runAsNoPermission(final TestTetheringCall test) throws Exception {
+        runTetheringCall(test, new String[0]);
+    }
+
+    private void runAsTetherPrivileged(final TestTetheringCall test) throws Exception {
+        runTetheringCall(test, TETHER_PRIVILEGED);
+    }
+
+    private void runAsAccessNetworkState(final TestTetheringCall test) throws Exception {
+        runTetheringCall(test, ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE);
+    }
+
+    private void runAsWriteSettings(final TestTetheringCall test) throws Exception {
+        runTetheringCall(test, WRITE_SETTINGS);
+    }
+
+    private void runTetheringCall(final TestTetheringCall test, String... permissions)
+            throws Exception {
+        // Allow the test to run even if ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE was granted at the APK level
+        if (!CollectionUtils.contains(permissions, ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)) {
+            mMockConnector.setPermission(ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE, PERMISSION_DENIED);
+        }
+
+        if (permissions.length > 0) mUiAutomation.adoptShellPermissionIdentity(permissions);
+        try {
+            when(mTethering.isTetheringSupported()).thenReturn(true);
+            test.runTetheringCall(new TestTetheringResult());
+        } finally {
+            mUiAutomation.dropShellPermissionIdentity();
+            mMockConnector.setPermission(ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE, null);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering() {
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mTethering);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mITetheringEventCallback);
+        reset(mTethering, mITetheringEventCallback);
+    }
+
+    private void runTether(final TestTetheringResult result) throws Exception {
+        mTetheringConnector.tether(TEST_IFACE_NAME, TEST_CALLER_PKG, TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG, result);
+        verify(mTethering).isTetheringSupported();
+        verify(mTethering).tether(TEST_IFACE_NAME, IpServer.STATE_TETHERED, result);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTether() throws Exception {
+        runAsNoPermission((result) -> {
+            mTetheringConnector.tether(TEST_IFACE_NAME, TEST_CALLER_PKG, TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG,
+                    result);
+            verify(mTethering).isTetherProvisioningRequired();
+            result.assertResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION);
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+
+        runAsTetherPrivileged((result) -> {
+            runTether(result);
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+
+        runAsWriteSettings((result) -> {
+            runTether(result);
+            verify(mTethering).isTetherProvisioningRequired();
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+    }
+
+    private void runUnTether(final TestTetheringResult result) throws Exception {
+        mTetheringConnector.untether(TEST_IFACE_NAME, TEST_CALLER_PKG, TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG,
+                result);
+        verify(mTethering).isTetheringSupported();
+        verify(mTethering).untether(eq(TEST_IFACE_NAME), eq(result));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUntether() throws Exception {
+        runAsNoPermission((result) -> {
+            mTetheringConnector.untether(TEST_IFACE_NAME, TEST_CALLER_PKG, TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG,
+                    result);
+            verify(mTethering).isTetherProvisioningRequired();
+            result.assertResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION);
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+
+        runAsTetherPrivileged((result) -> {
+            runUnTether(result);
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+
+        runAsWriteSettings((result) -> {
+            runUnTether(result);
+            verify(mTethering).isTetherProvisioningRequired();
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+    }
+
+    private void runSetUsbTethering(final TestTetheringResult result) throws Exception {
+        doAnswer((invocation) -> {
+            final IIntResultListener listener = invocation.getArgument(1);
+            listener.onResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
+            return null;
+        }).when(mTethering).setUsbTethering(anyBoolean(), any(IIntResultListener.class));
+        mTetheringConnector.setUsbTethering(true /* enable */, TEST_CALLER_PKG,
+                TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG, result);
+        verify(mTethering).isTetheringSupported();
+        verify(mTethering).setUsbTethering(eq(true) /* enable */, any(IIntResultListener.class));
+        result.assertResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetUsbTethering() throws Exception {
+        runAsNoPermission((result) -> {
+            mTetheringConnector.setUsbTethering(true /* enable */, TEST_CALLER_PKG,
+                    TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG, result);
+            verify(mTethering).isTetherProvisioningRequired();
+            result.assertResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION);
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+
+        runAsTetherPrivileged((result) -> {
+            runSetUsbTethering(result);
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+
+        runAsWriteSettings((result) -> {
+            runSetUsbTethering(result);
+            verify(mTethering).isTetherProvisioningRequired();
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+
+    }
+
+    private void runStartTethering(final TestTetheringResult result,
+            final TetheringRequestParcel request) throws Exception {
+        mTetheringConnector.startTethering(request, TEST_CALLER_PKG, TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG,
+                result);
+        verify(mTethering).isTetheringSupported();
+        verify(mTethering).startTethering(eq(request), eq(result));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartTethering() throws Exception {
+        final TetheringRequestParcel request = new TetheringRequestParcel();
+        request.tetheringType = TETHERING_WIFI;
+
+        runAsNoPermission((result) -> {
+            mTetheringConnector.startTethering(request, TEST_CALLER_PKG, TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG,
+                    result);
+            verify(mTethering).isTetherProvisioningRequired();
+            result.assertResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION);
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+
+        runAsTetherPrivileged((result) -> {
+            runStartTethering(result, request);
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+
+        runAsWriteSettings((result) -> {
+            runStartTethering(result, request);
+            verify(mTethering).isTetherProvisioningRequired();
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+    }
+
+    private void runStartTetheringAndVerifyNoPermission(final TestTetheringResult result)
+            throws Exception {
+        final TetheringRequestParcel request = new TetheringRequestParcel();
+        request.tetheringType = TETHERING_WIFI;
+        request.exemptFromEntitlementCheck = true;
+        mTetheringConnector.startTethering(request, TEST_CALLER_PKG, TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG,
+                result);
+        result.assertResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFailToBypassEntitlementWithoutNeworkStackPermission() throws Exception {
+        final TetheringRequestParcel request = new TetheringRequestParcel();
+        request.tetheringType = TETHERING_WIFI;
+        request.exemptFromEntitlementCheck = true;
+
+        runAsNoPermission((result) -> {
+            runStartTetheringAndVerifyNoPermission(result);
+        });
+
+        runAsTetherPrivileged((result) -> {
+            runStartTetheringAndVerifyNoPermission(result);
+        });
+
+        runAsWriteSettings((result) -> {
+            runStartTetheringAndVerifyNoPermission(result);
+        });
+    }
+
+    private void runStopTethering(final TestTetheringResult result) throws Exception {
+        mTetheringConnector.stopTethering(TETHERING_WIFI, TEST_CALLER_PKG,
+                TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG, result);
+        verify(mTethering).isTetheringSupported();
+        verify(mTethering).stopTethering(TETHERING_WIFI);
+        result.assertResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStopTethering() throws Exception {
+        runAsNoPermission((result) -> {
+            mTetheringConnector.stopTethering(TETHERING_WIFI, TEST_CALLER_PKG,
+                    TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG, result);
+            verify(mTethering).isTetherProvisioningRequired();
+            result.assertResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION);
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+
+        runAsTetherPrivileged((result) -> {
+            runStopTethering(result);
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+
+        runAsWriteSettings((result) -> {
+            runStopTethering(result);
+            verify(mTethering).isTetherProvisioningRequired();
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+    }
+
+    private void runRequestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult() throws Exception {
+        final MyResultReceiver result = new MyResultReceiver(null);
+        mTetheringConnector.requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(TETHERING_WIFI, result,
+                true /* showEntitlementUi */, TEST_CALLER_PKG, TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG);
+        verify(mTethering).isTetheringSupported();
+        verify(mTethering).requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(eq(TETHERING_WIFI),
+                eq(result), eq(true) /* showEntitlementUi */);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRequestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult() throws Exception {
+        // Run as no permission.
+        final MyResultReceiver result = new MyResultReceiver(null);
+        mTetheringConnector.requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(TETHERING_WIFI, result,
+                true /* showEntitlementUi */, TEST_CALLER_PKG, TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG);
+        verify(mTethering).isTetherProvisioningRequired();
+        result.assertResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mTethering);
+
+        runAsTetherPrivileged((none) -> {
+            runRequestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult();
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+
+        runAsWriteSettings((none) -> {
+            runRequestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult();
+            verify(mTethering).isTetherProvisioningRequired();
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+    }
+
+    private void runRegisterTetheringEventCallback() throws Exception {
+        mTetheringConnector.registerTetheringEventCallback(mITetheringEventCallback,
+                TEST_CALLER_PKG);
+        verify(mTethering).registerTetheringEventCallback(eq(mITetheringEventCallback));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRegisterTetheringEventCallback() throws Exception {
+        runAsNoPermission((result) -> {
+            mTetheringConnector.registerTetheringEventCallback(mITetheringEventCallback,
+                    TEST_CALLER_PKG);
+            verify(mITetheringEventCallback).onCallbackStopped(
+                    TETHER_ERROR_NO_ACCESS_TETHERING_PERMISSION);
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+
+        runAsTetherPrivileged((none) -> {
+            runRegisterTetheringEventCallback();
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+
+        runAsAccessNetworkState((none) -> {
+            runRegisterTetheringEventCallback();
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+    }
+
+    private void runUnregisterTetheringEventCallback() throws Exception {
+        mTetheringConnector.unregisterTetheringEventCallback(mITetheringEventCallback,
+                TEST_CALLER_PKG);
+        verify(mTethering).unregisterTetheringEventCallback(eq(mITetheringEventCallback));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUnregisterTetheringEventCallback() throws Exception {
+        runAsNoPermission((result) -> {
+            mTetheringConnector.unregisterTetheringEventCallback(mITetheringEventCallback,
+                    TEST_CALLER_PKG);
+            verify(mITetheringEventCallback).onCallbackStopped(
+                    TETHER_ERROR_NO_ACCESS_TETHERING_PERMISSION);
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+
+        runAsTetherPrivileged((none) -> {
+            runUnregisterTetheringEventCallback();
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+
+        runAsAccessNetworkState((none) -> {
+            runUnregisterTetheringEventCallback();
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+    }
+
+    private void runStopAllTethering(final TestTetheringResult result) throws Exception {
+        mTetheringConnector.stopAllTethering(TEST_CALLER_PKG, TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG, result);
+        verify(mTethering).isTetheringSupported();
+        verify(mTethering).untetherAll();
+        result.assertResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStopAllTethering() throws Exception {
+        runAsNoPermission((result) -> {
+            mTetheringConnector.stopAllTethering(TEST_CALLER_PKG, TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG, result);
+            verify(mTethering).isTetherProvisioningRequired();
+            result.assertResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION);
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+
+        runAsTetherPrivileged((result) -> {
+            runStopAllTethering(result);
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+
+        runAsWriteSettings((result) -> {
+            runStopAllTethering(result);
+            verify(mTethering).isTetherProvisioningRequired();
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+    }
+
+    private void runIsTetheringSupported(final TestTetheringResult result) throws Exception {
+        mTetheringConnector.isTetheringSupported(TEST_CALLER_PKG, TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG, result);
+        verify(mTethering).isTetheringSupported();
+        result.assertResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIsTetheringSupported() throws Exception {
+        runAsNoPermission((result) -> {
+            mTetheringConnector.isTetheringSupported(TEST_CALLER_PKG, TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG,
+                    result);
+            verify(mTethering).isTetherProvisioningRequired();
+            result.assertResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION);
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+
+        runAsTetherPrivileged((result) -> {
+            runIsTetheringSupported(result);
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+
+        runAsWriteSettings((result) -> {
+            runIsTetheringSupported(result);
+            verify(mTethering).isTetherProvisioningRequired();
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+    }
+
+    private class ConnectorSupplier<T> implements Supplier<T> {
+        private T mResult = null;
+
+        public void set(T result) {
+            mResult = result;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public T get() {
+            return mResult;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void forceGc() {
+        System.gc();
+        System.runFinalization();
+        System.gc();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTetheringManagerLeak() throws Exception {
+        runAsAccessNetworkState((none) -> {
+            final ArrayList<ITetheringEventCallback> callbacks = new ArrayList<>();
+            final ConditionVariable registeredCv = new ConditionVariable(false);
+            doAnswer((invocation) -> {
+                final Object[] args = invocation.getArguments();
+                callbacks.add((ITetheringEventCallback) args[0]);
+                registeredCv.open();
+                return null;
+            }).when(mTethering).registerTetheringEventCallback(any());
+
+            doAnswer((invocation) -> {
+                final Object[] args = invocation.getArguments();
+                callbacks.remove((ITetheringEventCallback) args[0]);
+                return null;
+            }).when(mTethering).unregisterTetheringEventCallback(any());
+
+            final ConnectorSupplier<IBinder> supplier = new ConnectorSupplier<>();
+
+            TetheringManager tm = new TetheringManager(mMockConnector.getService(), supplier);
+            assertNotNull(tm);
+            assertEquals("Internal callback should not be registered", 0, callbacks.size());
+
+            final WeakReference<TetheringManager> weakTm = new WeakReference(tm);
+            assertNotNull(weakTm.get());
+
+            // TetheringManager couldn't be GCed because pollingConnector thread implicitly
+            // reference TetheringManager object.
+            tm = null;
+            forceGc();
+            assertNotNull(weakTm.get());
+
+            // After getting connector, pollingConnector thread stops and internal callback is
+            // registered.
+            supplier.set(mMockConnector.getIBinder());
+            final long timeout = 500L;
+            if (!registeredCv.block(timeout)) {
+                fail("TetheringManager poll connector fail after " + timeout + " ms");
+            }
+            assertEquals("Internal callback is not registered", 1, callbacks.size());
+            assertNotNull(weakTm.get());
+
+            final int attempts = 100;
+            final long waitIntervalMs = 50;
+            for (int i = 0; i < attempts; i++) {
+                forceGc();
+                if (weakTm.get() == null) break;
+
+                Thread.sleep(waitIntervalMs);
+            }
+            assertNull("TetheringManager weak reference still not null after " + attempts
+                    + " attempts", weakTm.get());
+
+            assertEquals("Internal callback is not unregistered", 0, callbacks.size());
+        });
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0388758
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,2889 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+
+import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.GET_ACTIVITIES;
+import static android.hardware.usb.UsbManager.USB_CONFIGURED;
+import static android.hardware.usb.UsbManager.USB_CONNECTED;
+import static android.hardware.usb.UsbManager.USB_FUNCTION_NCM;
+import static android.hardware.usb.UsbManager.USB_FUNCTION_RNDIS;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_DISABLED;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_ENABLED;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_DUN;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_DUN;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
+import static android.net.RouteInfo.RTN_UNICAST;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.ACTION_TETHER_STATE_CHANGED;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.EXTRA_ACTIVE_LOCAL_ONLY;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.EXTRA_ACTIVE_TETHER;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.EXTRA_AVAILABLE_TETHER;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_BLUETOOTH;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_ETHERNET;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_NCM;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_USB;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI_P2P;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_IFACE_CFG_ERROR;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAIL;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_IFACE;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_FAILED;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STARTED;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STOPPED;
+import static android.net.dhcp.IDhcpServer.STATUS_SUCCESS;
+import static android.net.wifi.WifiManager.EXTRA_WIFI_AP_INTERFACE_NAME;
+import static android.net.wifi.WifiManager.EXTRA_WIFI_AP_MODE;
+import static android.net.wifi.WifiManager.EXTRA_WIFI_AP_STATE;
+import static android.net.wifi.WifiManager.IFACE_IP_MODE_LOCAL_ONLY;
+import static android.net.wifi.WifiManager.IFACE_IP_MODE_TETHERED;
+import static android.net.wifi.WifiManager.WIFI_AP_STATE_ENABLED;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE;
+import static android.telephony.SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID;
+
+import static com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel.isAtLeastS;
+import static com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel.isAtLeastT;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.Inet4AddressUtils.inet4AddressToIntHTH;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.Inet4AddressUtils.intToInet4AddressHTH;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.OffloadHardwareInterface.OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_0;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.OffloadHardwareInterface.OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_NONE;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.TestConnectivityManager.BROADCAST_FIRST;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.TestConnectivityManager.CALLBACKS_FIRST;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.Tethering.UserRestrictionActionListener;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetheringConfiguration.TETHER_FORCE_USB_FUNCTIONS;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetheringConfiguration.TETHER_USB_NCM_FUNCTION;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetheringConfiguration.TETHER_USB_RNDIS_FUNCTION;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetheringNotificationUpdater.DOWNSTREAM_NONE;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.UpstreamNetworkMonitor.EVENT_ON_CAPABILITIES;
+import static com.android.testutils.TestPermissionUtil.runAsShell;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.argThat;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.notNull;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyInt;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyString;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doThrow;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.spy;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.timeout;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verifyNoMoreInteractions;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager;
+import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
+import android.bluetooth.BluetoothPan;
+import android.bluetooth.BluetoothProfile;
+import android.bluetooth.BluetoothProfile.ServiceListener;
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
+import android.content.ContentResolver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.IntentFilter;
+import android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.content.res.Resources;
+import android.database.ContentObserver;
+import android.hardware.usb.UsbManager;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback;
+import android.net.EthernetManager;
+import android.net.EthernetManager.TetheredInterfaceCallback;
+import android.net.EthernetManager.TetheredInterfaceRequest;
+import android.net.IConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.IIntResultListener;
+import android.net.INetd;
+import android.net.ITetheringEventCallback;
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.net.InterfaceConfigurationParcel;
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.MacAddress;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.net.RouteInfo;
+import android.net.TetherStatesParcel;
+import android.net.TetheredClient;
+import android.net.TetheredClient.AddressInfo;
+import android.net.TetheringCallbackStartedParcel;
+import android.net.TetheringConfigurationParcel;
+import android.net.TetheringInterface;
+import android.net.TetheringRequestParcel;
+import android.net.dhcp.DhcpLeaseParcelable;
+import android.net.dhcp.DhcpServerCallbacks;
+import android.net.dhcp.DhcpServingParamsParcel;
+import android.net.dhcp.IDhcpEventCallbacks;
+import android.net.dhcp.IDhcpServer;
+import android.net.ip.DadProxy;
+import android.net.ip.IpNeighborMonitor;
+import android.net.ip.IpServer;
+import android.net.ip.RouterAdvertisementDaemon;
+import android.net.util.NetworkConstants;
+import android.net.util.SharedLog;
+import android.net.wifi.SoftApConfiguration;
+import android.net.wifi.WifiClient;
+import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
+import android.net.wifi.WifiManager.SoftApCallback;
+import android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pGroup;
+import android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pInfo;
+import android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.PersistableBundle;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
+import android.os.UserManager;
+import android.os.test.TestLooper;
+import android.provider.Settings;
+import android.telephony.CarrierConfigManager;
+import android.telephony.PhoneStateListener;
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
+import android.test.mock.MockContentResolver;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.internal.util.StateMachine;
+import com.android.internal.util.test.BroadcastInterceptingContext;
+import com.android.internal.util.test.FakeSettingsProvider;
+import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.InterfaceParams;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.BluetoothPanShim;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.BluetoothPanShim.TetheredInterfaceCallbackShim;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.BluetoothPanShim.TetheredInterfaceRequestShim;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.UnsupportedApiLevelException;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TestConnectivityManager.TestNetworkAgent;
+import com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.InOrder;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Vector;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public class TetheringTest {
+    private static final int IFINDEX_OFFSET = 100;
+
+    private static final String TEST_MOBILE_IFNAME = "test_rmnet_data0";
+    private static final String TEST_DUN_IFNAME = "test_dun0";
+    private static final String TEST_XLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME = "v4-test_rmnet_data0";
+    private static final String TEST_RNDIS_IFNAME = "test_rndis0";
+    private static final String TEST_WIFI_IFNAME = "test_wlan0";
+    private static final String TEST_WLAN_IFNAME = "test_wlan1";
+    private static final String TEST_P2P_IFNAME = "test_p2p-p2p0-0";
+    private static final String TEST_NCM_IFNAME = "test_ncm0";
+    private static final String TEST_ETH_IFNAME = "test_eth0";
+    private static final String TEST_BT_IFNAME = "test_pan0";
+    private static final String TETHERING_NAME = "Tethering";
+    private static final String[] PROVISIONING_APP_NAME = {"some", "app"};
+    private static final String PROVISIONING_NO_UI_APP_NAME = "no_ui_app";
+    private static final String TEST_RNDIS_REGEX = "test_rndis\\d";
+    private static final String TEST_NCM_REGEX = "test_ncm\\d";
+    private static final String TEST_WIFI_REGEX = "test_wlan\\d";
+    private static final String TEST_P2P_REGEX = "test_p2p-p2p\\d-.*";
+    private static final String TEST_BT_REGEX = "test_pan\\d";
+
+    private static final int CELLULAR_NETID = 100;
+    private static final int WIFI_NETID = 101;
+    private static final int DUN_NETID = 102;
+
+    private static final int TETHER_USB_RNDIS_NCM_FUNCTIONS = 2;
+
+    private static final int DHCPSERVER_START_TIMEOUT_MS = 1000;
+
+    @Mock private ApplicationInfo mApplicationInfo;
+    @Mock private Context mContext;
+    @Mock private NetworkStatsManager mStatsManager;
+    @Mock private OffloadHardwareInterface mOffloadHardwareInterface;
+    @Mock private OffloadHardwareInterface.ForwardedStats mForwardedStats;
+    @Mock private Resources mResources;
+    @Mock private TelephonyManager mTelephonyManager;
+    @Mock private UsbManager mUsbManager;
+    @Mock private WifiManager mWifiManager;
+    @Mock private CarrierConfigManager mCarrierConfigManager;
+    @Mock private IPv6TetheringCoordinator mIPv6TetheringCoordinator;
+    @Mock private DadProxy mDadProxy;
+    @Mock private RouterAdvertisementDaemon mRouterAdvertisementDaemon;
+    @Mock private IpNeighborMonitor mIpNeighborMonitor;
+    @Mock private IDhcpServer mDhcpServer;
+    @Mock private INetd mNetd;
+    @Mock private UserManager mUserManager;
+    @Mock private EthernetManager mEm;
+    @Mock private TetheringNotificationUpdater mNotificationUpdater;
+    @Mock private BpfCoordinator mBpfCoordinator;
+    @Mock private PackageManager mPackageManager;
+    @Mock private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;
+    @Mock private BluetoothPan mBluetoothPan;
+    @Mock private BluetoothPanShim mBluetoothPanShim;
+    @Mock private TetheredInterfaceRequestShim mTetheredInterfaceRequestShim;
+
+    private final MockIpServerDependencies mIpServerDependencies =
+            spy(new MockIpServerDependencies());
+    private final MockTetheringDependencies mTetheringDependencies =
+            new MockTetheringDependencies();
+
+    // Like so many Android system APIs, these cannot be mocked because it is marked final.
+    // We have to use the real versions.
+    private final PersistableBundle mCarrierConfig = new PersistableBundle();
+    private final TestLooper mLooper = new TestLooper();
+
+    private Vector<Intent> mIntents;
+    private BroadcastInterceptingContext mServiceContext;
+    private MockContentResolver mContentResolver;
+    private BroadcastReceiver mBroadcastReceiver;
+    private Tethering mTethering;
+    private PhoneStateListener mPhoneStateListener;
+    private InterfaceConfigurationParcel mInterfaceConfiguration;
+    private TetheringConfiguration mConfig;
+    private EntitlementManager mEntitleMgr;
+    private OffloadController mOffloadCtrl;
+    private PrivateAddressCoordinator mPrivateAddressCoordinator;
+    private SoftApCallback mSoftApCallback;
+    private UpstreamNetworkMonitor mUpstreamNetworkMonitor;
+    private TetheredInterfaceCallbackShim mTetheredInterfaceCallbackShim;
+
+    private TestConnectivityManager mCm;
+    private boolean mForceEthernetServiceUnavailable = false;
+
+    private class TestContext extends BroadcastInterceptingContext {
+        TestContext(Context base) {
+            super(base);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public ApplicationInfo getApplicationInfo() {
+            return mApplicationInfo;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public ContentResolver getContentResolver() {
+            return mContentResolver;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String getPackageName() {
+            return "TetheringTest";
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Resources getResources() {
+            return mResources;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Object getSystemService(String name) {
+            if (Context.WIFI_SERVICE.equals(name)) return mWifiManager;
+            if (Context.USB_SERVICE.equals(name)) return mUsbManager;
+            if (Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE.equals(name)) return mTelephonyManager;
+            if (Context.USER_SERVICE.equals(name)) return mUserManager;
+            if (Context.NETWORK_STATS_SERVICE.equals(name)) return mStatsManager;
+            if (Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE.equals(name)) return mCm;
+            if (Context.ETHERNET_SERVICE.equals(name)) {
+                if (mForceEthernetServiceUnavailable) return null;
+
+                return mEm;
+            }
+            return super.getSystemService(name);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public PackageManager getPackageManager() {
+            return mPackageManager;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String getSystemServiceName(Class<?> serviceClass) {
+            if (TelephonyManager.class.equals(serviceClass)) return Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE;
+            return super.getSystemServiceName(serviceClass);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class MockIpServerDependencies extends IpServer.Dependencies {
+        @Override
+        public DadProxy getDadProxy(
+                Handler handler, InterfaceParams ifParams) {
+            return mDadProxy;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public RouterAdvertisementDaemon getRouterAdvertisementDaemon(
+                InterfaceParams ifParams) {
+            return mRouterAdvertisementDaemon;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public InterfaceParams getInterfaceParams(String ifName) {
+            assertTrue("Non-mocked interface " + ifName,
+                    ifName.equals(TEST_RNDIS_IFNAME)
+                            || ifName.equals(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME)
+                            || ifName.equals(TEST_WIFI_IFNAME)
+                            || ifName.equals(TEST_MOBILE_IFNAME)
+                            || ifName.equals(TEST_DUN_IFNAME)
+                            || ifName.equals(TEST_P2P_IFNAME)
+                            || ifName.equals(TEST_NCM_IFNAME)
+                            || ifName.equals(TEST_ETH_IFNAME)
+                            || ifName.equals(TEST_BT_IFNAME));
+            final String[] ifaces = new String[] {
+                    TEST_RNDIS_IFNAME, TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, TEST_WIFI_IFNAME, TEST_MOBILE_IFNAME,
+                    TEST_DUN_IFNAME, TEST_P2P_IFNAME, TEST_NCM_IFNAME, TEST_ETH_IFNAME};
+            return new InterfaceParams(ifName,
+                    CollectionUtils.indexOf(ifaces, ifName) + IFINDEX_OFFSET,
+                    MacAddress.ALL_ZEROS_ADDRESS);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void makeDhcpServer(String ifName, DhcpServingParamsParcel params,
+                DhcpServerCallbacks cb) {
+            new Thread(() -> {
+                try {
+                    cb.onDhcpServerCreated(STATUS_SUCCESS, mDhcpServer);
+                } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                    fail(e.getMessage());
+                }
+            }).run();
+        }
+
+        public IpNeighborMonitor getIpNeighborMonitor(Handler h, SharedLog l,
+                IpNeighborMonitor.NeighborEventConsumer c) {
+            return mIpNeighborMonitor;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class MockTetheringDependencies extends TetheringDependencies {
+        StateMachine mUpstreamNetworkMonitorSM;
+        ArrayList<IpServer> mIpv6CoordinatorNotifyList;
+
+        @Override
+        public BpfCoordinator getBpfCoordinator(
+                BpfCoordinator.Dependencies deps) {
+            return mBpfCoordinator;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public OffloadHardwareInterface getOffloadHardwareInterface(Handler h, SharedLog log) {
+            return mOffloadHardwareInterface;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public OffloadController getOffloadController(Handler h, SharedLog log,
+                OffloadController.Dependencies deps) {
+            mOffloadCtrl = spy(super.getOffloadController(h, log, deps));
+            // Return real object here instead of mock because
+            // testReportFailCallbackIfOffloadNotSupported depend on real OffloadController object.
+            return mOffloadCtrl;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public UpstreamNetworkMonitor getUpstreamNetworkMonitor(Context ctx,
+                StateMachine target, SharedLog log, int what) {
+            // Use a real object instead of a mock so that some tests can use a real UNM and some
+            // can use a mock.
+            mUpstreamNetworkMonitorSM = target;
+            mUpstreamNetworkMonitor = spy(super.getUpstreamNetworkMonitor(ctx, target, log, what));
+            return mUpstreamNetworkMonitor;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public IPv6TetheringCoordinator getIPv6TetheringCoordinator(
+                ArrayList<IpServer> notifyList, SharedLog log) {
+            mIpv6CoordinatorNotifyList = notifyList;
+            return mIPv6TetheringCoordinator;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public IpServer.Dependencies getIpServerDependencies() {
+            return mIpServerDependencies;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public EntitlementManager getEntitlementManager(Context ctx, Handler h, SharedLog log,
+                Runnable callback) {
+            mEntitleMgr = spy(super.getEntitlementManager(ctx, h, log, callback));
+            return mEntitleMgr;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public TetheringConfiguration generateTetheringConfiguration(Context ctx, SharedLog log,
+                int subId) {
+            mConfig = spy(new FakeTetheringConfiguration(ctx, log, subId));
+            return mConfig;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public INetd getINetd(Context context) {
+            return mNetd;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Looper getTetheringLooper() {
+            return mLooper.getLooper();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Context getContext() {
+            return mServiceContext;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public BluetoothAdapter getBluetoothAdapter() {
+            return mBluetoothAdapter;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public TetheringNotificationUpdater getNotificationUpdater(Context ctx, Looper looper) {
+            return mNotificationUpdater;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean isTetheringDenied() {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public PrivateAddressCoordinator getPrivateAddressCoordinator(Context ctx,
+                TetheringConfiguration cfg) {
+            mPrivateAddressCoordinator = super.getPrivateAddressCoordinator(ctx, cfg);
+            return mPrivateAddressCoordinator;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public BluetoothPanShim getBluetoothPanShim(BluetoothPan pan) {
+            try {
+                when(mBluetoothPanShim.requestTetheredInterface(
+                        any(), any())).thenReturn(mTetheredInterfaceRequestShim);
+            } catch (UnsupportedApiLevelException e) {
+                fail("BluetoothPan#requestTetheredInterface is not supported");
+            }
+            return mBluetoothPanShim;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static LinkProperties buildUpstreamLinkProperties(String interfaceName,
+            boolean withIPv4, boolean withIPv6, boolean with464xlat) {
+        final LinkProperties prop = new LinkProperties();
+        prop.setInterfaceName(interfaceName);
+
+        if (withIPv4) {
+            prop.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("10.1.2.3/15"));
+            prop.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet4Address.ANY, 0),
+                    InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("10.0.0.1"),
+                    interfaceName, RTN_UNICAST));
+        }
+
+        if (withIPv6) {
+            prop.addDnsServer(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::2"));
+            prop.addLinkAddress(
+                    new LinkAddress(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::"),
+                            NetworkConstants.RFC7421_PREFIX_LENGTH));
+            prop.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet6Address.ANY, 0),
+                    InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1"),
+                    interfaceName, RTN_UNICAST));
+        }
+
+        if (with464xlat) {
+            final String clatInterface = "v4-" + interfaceName;
+            final LinkProperties stackedLink = new LinkProperties();
+            stackedLink.setInterfaceName(clatInterface);
+            stackedLink.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet4Address.ANY, 0),
+                    InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("192.0.0.1"),
+                    clatInterface, RTN_UNICAST));
+
+            prop.addStackedLink(stackedLink);
+        }
+
+        return prop;
+    }
+
+    private static NetworkCapabilities buildUpstreamCapabilities(int transport, int... otherCaps) {
+        // TODO: add NOT_VCN_MANAGED.
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities()
+                .addTransportType(transport);
+        for (int cap : otherCaps) {
+            nc.addCapability(cap);
+        }
+        return nc;
+    }
+
+    private static UpstreamNetworkState buildMobileUpstreamState(boolean withIPv4,
+            boolean withIPv6, boolean with464xlat) {
+        return new UpstreamNetworkState(
+                buildUpstreamLinkProperties(TEST_MOBILE_IFNAME, withIPv4, withIPv6, with464xlat),
+                buildUpstreamCapabilities(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET),
+                new Network(CELLULAR_NETID));
+    }
+
+    private static UpstreamNetworkState buildMobileIPv4UpstreamState() {
+        return buildMobileUpstreamState(true, false, false);
+    }
+
+    private static UpstreamNetworkState buildMobileIPv6UpstreamState() {
+        return buildMobileUpstreamState(false, true, false);
+    }
+
+    private static UpstreamNetworkState buildMobileDualStackUpstreamState() {
+        return buildMobileUpstreamState(true, true, false);
+    }
+
+    private static UpstreamNetworkState buildMobile464xlatUpstreamState() {
+        return buildMobileUpstreamState(false, true, true);
+    }
+
+    private static UpstreamNetworkState buildWifiUpstreamState() {
+        return new UpstreamNetworkState(
+                buildUpstreamLinkProperties(TEST_WIFI_IFNAME, true /* IPv4 */, true /* IPv6 */,
+                        false /* 464xlat */),
+                buildUpstreamCapabilities(TRANSPORT_WIFI, NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET),
+                new Network(WIFI_NETID));
+    }
+
+    private static UpstreamNetworkState buildDunUpstreamState() {
+        return new UpstreamNetworkState(
+                buildUpstreamLinkProperties(TEST_DUN_IFNAME, true /* IPv4 */, true /* IPv6 */,
+                        false /* 464xlat */),
+                buildUpstreamCapabilities(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, NET_CAPABILITY_DUN),
+                new Network(DUN_NETID));
+    }
+
+    // See FakeSettingsProvider#clearSettingsProvider() that this also needs to be called before
+    // use.
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void setupOnce() {
+        FakeSettingsProvider.clearSettingsProvider();
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+        when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_tether_dhcp_range))
+                .thenReturn(new String[0]);
+        when(mResources.getBoolean(R.bool.config_tether_enable_legacy_dhcp_server)).thenReturn(
+                false);
+        when(mNetd.interfaceGetList())
+                .thenReturn(new String[] {
+                        TEST_MOBILE_IFNAME, TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, TEST_RNDIS_IFNAME, TEST_P2P_IFNAME,
+                        TEST_NCM_IFNAME, TEST_ETH_IFNAME, TEST_BT_IFNAME});
+        when(mResources.getString(R.string.config_wifi_tether_enable)).thenReturn("");
+        mInterfaceConfiguration = new InterfaceConfigurationParcel();
+        mInterfaceConfiguration.flags = new String[0];
+        when(mRouterAdvertisementDaemon.start())
+                .thenReturn(true);
+        initOffloadConfiguration(true /* offloadConfig */, OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_0,
+                0 /* defaultDisabled */);
+        when(mOffloadHardwareInterface.getForwardedStats(any())).thenReturn(mForwardedStats);
+
+        mServiceContext = new TestContext(mContext);
+        mServiceContext.setUseRegisteredHandlers(true);
+        mContentResolver = new MockContentResolver(mServiceContext);
+        mContentResolver.addProvider(Settings.AUTHORITY, new FakeSettingsProvider());
+        setTetheringSupported(true /* supported */);
+        mIntents = new Vector<>();
+        mBroadcastReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
+            @Override
+            public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+                mIntents.addElement(intent);
+            }
+        };
+        mServiceContext.registerReceiver(mBroadcastReceiver,
+                new IntentFilter(ACTION_TETHER_STATE_CHANGED));
+
+        mCm = spy(new TestConnectivityManager(mServiceContext, mock(IConnectivityManager.class)));
+
+        mTethering = makeTethering();
+        verify(mStatsManager, times(1)).registerNetworkStatsProvider(anyString(), any());
+        verify(mNetd).registerUnsolicitedEventListener(any());
+        verifyDefaultNetworkRequestFiled();
+
+        final ArgumentCaptor<PhoneStateListener> phoneListenerCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(PhoneStateListener.class);
+        verify(mTelephonyManager).listen(phoneListenerCaptor.capture(),
+                eq(PhoneStateListener.LISTEN_ACTIVE_DATA_SUBSCRIPTION_ID_CHANGE));
+        mPhoneStateListener = phoneListenerCaptor.getValue();
+
+        final ArgumentCaptor<SoftApCallback> softApCallbackCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(SoftApCallback.class);
+        verify(mWifiManager).registerSoftApCallback(any(), softApCallbackCaptor.capture());
+        mSoftApCallback = softApCallbackCaptor.getValue();
+
+        when(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI)).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI_DIRECT)).thenReturn(true);
+    }
+
+    private void setTetheringSupported(final boolean supported) {
+        Settings.Global.putInt(mContentResolver, Settings.Global.TETHER_SUPPORTED,
+                supported ? 1 : 0);
+        when(mUserManager.hasUserRestriction(
+                UserManager.DISALLOW_CONFIG_TETHERING)).thenReturn(!supported);
+        when(mResources.getInteger(R.integer.config_tether_usb_functions)).thenReturn(
+                TetheringConfiguration.TETHER_USB_RNDIS_FUNCTION);
+        // Setup tetherable configuration.
+        when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_tether_usb_regexs))
+                .thenReturn(new String[] {TEST_RNDIS_REGEX});
+        when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_tether_wifi_regexs))
+                .thenReturn(new String[] {TEST_WIFI_REGEX});
+        when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_tether_wifi_p2p_regexs))
+                .thenReturn(new String[] {TEST_P2P_REGEX});
+        when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_tether_bluetooth_regexs))
+                .thenReturn(new String[] {TEST_BT_REGEX});
+        when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_tether_ncm_regexs))
+                .thenReturn(new String[] {TEST_NCM_REGEX});
+        when(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_ETHERNET)).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mResources.getIntArray(R.array.config_tether_upstream_types)).thenReturn(
+                new int[] {TYPE_WIFI, TYPE_MOBILE_DUN});
+        when(mResources.getBoolean(R.bool.config_tether_upstream_automatic)).thenReturn(true);
+    }
+
+    private void initTetheringUpstream(UpstreamNetworkState upstreamState) {
+        doReturn(upstreamState).when(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).getCurrentPreferredUpstream();
+        doReturn(upstreamState).when(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).selectPreferredUpstreamType(any());
+    }
+
+    private Tethering makeTethering() {
+        return new Tethering(mTetheringDependencies);
+    }
+
+    private TetheringRequestParcel createTetheringRequestParcel(final int type) {
+        return createTetheringRequestParcel(type, null, null, false, CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
+    }
+
+    private TetheringRequestParcel createTetheringRequestParcel(final int type,
+            final LinkAddress serverAddr, final LinkAddress clientAddr, final boolean exempt,
+            final int scope) {
+        final TetheringRequestParcel request = new TetheringRequestParcel();
+        request.tetheringType = type;
+        request.localIPv4Address = serverAddr;
+        request.staticClientAddress = clientAddr;
+        request.exemptFromEntitlementCheck = exempt;
+        request.showProvisioningUi = false;
+        request.connectivityScope = scope;
+
+        return request;
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() {
+        mServiceContext.unregisterReceiver(mBroadcastReceiver);
+        FakeSettingsProvider.clearSettingsProvider();
+    }
+
+    private void sendWifiApStateChanged(int state) {
+        final Intent intent = new Intent(WifiManager.WIFI_AP_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION);
+        intent.putExtra(EXTRA_WIFI_AP_STATE, state);
+        mServiceContext.sendStickyBroadcastAsUser(intent, UserHandle.ALL);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+    }
+
+    private void sendWifiApStateChanged(int state, String ifname, int ipmode) {
+        final Intent intent = new Intent(WifiManager.WIFI_AP_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION);
+        intent.putExtra(EXTRA_WIFI_AP_STATE, state);
+        intent.putExtra(EXTRA_WIFI_AP_INTERFACE_NAME, ifname);
+        intent.putExtra(EXTRA_WIFI_AP_MODE, ipmode);
+        mServiceContext.sendStickyBroadcastAsUser(intent, UserHandle.ALL);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+    }
+
+    private static final String[] P2P_RECEIVER_PERMISSIONS_FOR_BROADCAST = {
+            android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
+            android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE
+    };
+
+    private void sendWifiP2pConnectionChanged(
+            boolean isGroupFormed, boolean isGroupOwner, String ifname) {
+        WifiP2pGroup group = null;
+        WifiP2pInfo p2pInfo = new WifiP2pInfo();
+        p2pInfo.groupFormed = isGroupFormed;
+        if (isGroupFormed) {
+            p2pInfo.isGroupOwner = isGroupOwner;
+            group = mock(WifiP2pGroup.class);
+            when(group.isGroupOwner()).thenReturn(isGroupOwner);
+            when(group.getInterface()).thenReturn(ifname);
+        }
+
+        final Intent intent = mock(Intent.class);
+        when(intent.getAction()).thenReturn(WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_CONNECTION_CHANGED_ACTION);
+        when(intent.getParcelableExtra(WifiP2pManager.EXTRA_WIFI_P2P_INFO)).thenReturn(p2pInfo);
+        when(intent.getParcelableExtra(WifiP2pManager.EXTRA_WIFI_P2P_GROUP)).thenReturn(group);
+
+        mServiceContext.sendBroadcastAsUserMultiplePermissions(intent, UserHandle.ALL,
+                P2P_RECEIVER_PERMISSIONS_FOR_BROADCAST);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+    }
+
+    // enableType:
+    // No function enabled            = -1
+    // TETHER_USB_RNDIS_FUNCTION      = 0
+    // TETHER_USB_NCM_FUNCTIONS       = 1
+    // TETHER_USB_RNDIS_NCM_FUNCTIONS = 2
+    private boolean tetherUsbFunctionMatches(int function, int enabledType) {
+        if (enabledType < 0) return false;
+
+        if (enabledType == TETHER_USB_RNDIS_NCM_FUNCTIONS) return function < enabledType;
+
+        return function == enabledType;
+    }
+
+    private void sendUsbBroadcast(boolean connected, boolean configured, int function) {
+        final Intent intent = new Intent(UsbManager.ACTION_USB_STATE);
+        intent.putExtra(USB_CONNECTED, connected);
+        intent.putExtra(USB_CONFIGURED, configured);
+        intent.putExtra(USB_FUNCTION_RNDIS,
+                tetherUsbFunctionMatches(TETHER_USB_RNDIS_FUNCTION, function));
+        intent.putExtra(USB_FUNCTION_NCM,
+                tetherUsbFunctionMatches(TETHER_USB_NCM_FUNCTION, function));
+        mServiceContext.sendStickyBroadcastAsUser(intent, UserHandle.ALL);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+    }
+
+    private void sendConfigurationChanged() {
+        final Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CONFIGURATION_CHANGED);
+        mServiceContext.sendStickyBroadcastAsUser(intent, UserHandle.ALL);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+    }
+
+    private void verifyDefaultNetworkRequestFiled() {
+        if (isAtLeastS()) {
+            verify(mCm, times(1)).registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(
+                    any(NetworkCallback.class), any(Handler.class));
+        } else {
+            ArgumentCaptor<NetworkRequest> reqCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(
+                    NetworkRequest.class);
+            verify(mCm, times(1)).requestNetwork(reqCaptor.capture(),
+                    any(NetworkCallback.class), any(Handler.class));
+            assertTrue(TestConnectivityManager.looksLikeDefaultRequest(reqCaptor.getValue()));
+        }
+
+        // The default network request is only ever filed once.
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mCm);
+    }
+
+    private void verifyInterfaceServingModeStarted(String ifname) throws Exception {
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).interfaceSetCfg(any(InterfaceConfigurationParcel.class));
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).tetherInterfaceAdd(ifname);
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).networkAddInterface(INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID, ifname);
+        verify(mNetd, times(2)).networkAddRoute(eq(INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID), eq(ifname),
+                anyString(), anyString());
+    }
+
+    private void verifyTetheringBroadcast(String ifname, String whichExtra) {
+        // Verify that ifname is in the whichExtra array of the tether state changed broadcast.
+        final Intent bcast = mIntents.get(0);
+        assertEquals(ACTION_TETHER_STATE_CHANGED, bcast.getAction());
+        final ArrayList<String> ifnames = bcast.getStringArrayListExtra(whichExtra);
+        assertTrue(ifnames.contains(ifname));
+        mIntents.remove(bcast);
+    }
+
+    public void failingLocalOnlyHotspotLegacyApBroadcast(
+            boolean emulateInterfaceStatusChanged) throws Exception {
+        // Emulate externally-visible WifiManager effects, causing the
+        // per-interface state machine to start up, and telling us that
+        // hotspot mode is to be started.
+        if (emulateInterfaceStatusChanged) {
+            mTethering.interfaceStatusChanged(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, true);
+        }
+        sendWifiApStateChanged(WIFI_AP_STATE_ENABLED);
+
+        // If, and only if, Tethering received an interface status changed then
+        // it creates a IpServer and sends out a broadcast indicating that the
+        // interface is "available".
+        if (emulateInterfaceStatusChanged) {
+            // There is 1 IpServer state change event: STATE_AVAILABLE
+            verify(mNotificationUpdater, times(1)).onDownstreamChanged(DOWNSTREAM_NONE);
+            verifyTetheringBroadcast(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, EXTRA_AVAILABLE_TETHER);
+            verify(mWifiManager).updateInterfaceIpState(
+                    TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, WifiManager.IFACE_IP_MODE_UNSPECIFIED);
+        }
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mWifiManager);
+    }
+
+    private void prepareNcmTethering() {
+        // Emulate startTethering(TETHERING_NCM) called
+        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_NCM), null);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verify(mUsbManager, times(1)).setCurrentFunctions(UsbManager.FUNCTION_NCM);
+    }
+
+    private void prepareUsbTethering() {
+        // Emulate pressing the USB tethering button in Settings UI.
+        final TetheringRequestParcel request = createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_USB);
+        mTethering.startTethering(request, null);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        assertEquals(1, mTethering.getActiveTetheringRequests().size());
+        assertEquals(request, mTethering.getActiveTetheringRequests().get(TETHERING_USB));
+
+        if (mTethering.getTetheringConfiguration().isUsingNcm()) {
+            verify(mUsbManager).setCurrentFunctions(UsbManager.FUNCTION_NCM);
+            mTethering.interfaceStatusChanged(TEST_NCM_IFNAME, true);
+        } else {
+            verify(mUsbManager).setCurrentFunctions(UsbManager.FUNCTION_RNDIS);
+            mTethering.interfaceStatusChanged(TEST_RNDIS_IFNAME, true);
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUsbConfiguredBroadcastStartsTethering() throws Exception {
+        UpstreamNetworkState upstreamState = buildMobileIPv4UpstreamState();
+        initTetheringUpstream(upstreamState);
+        prepareUsbTethering();
+
+        // This should produce no activity of any kind.
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd);
+
+        // Pretend we then receive USB configured broadcast.
+        sendUsbBroadcast(true, true, TETHER_USB_RNDIS_FUNCTION);
+        // Now we should see the start of tethering mechanics (in this case:
+        // tetherMatchingInterfaces() which starts by fetching all interfaces).
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).interfaceGetList();
+
+        // UpstreamNetworkMonitor should receive selected upstream
+        verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor, times(1)).getCurrentPreferredUpstream();
+        verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor, times(1)).setCurrentUpstream(upstreamState.network);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void failingLocalOnlyHotspotLegacyApBroadcastWithIfaceStatusChanged() throws Exception {
+        failingLocalOnlyHotspotLegacyApBroadcast(true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void failingLocalOnlyHotspotLegacyApBroadcastSansIfaceStatusChanged() throws Exception {
+        failingLocalOnlyHotspotLegacyApBroadcast(false);
+    }
+
+    public void workingLocalOnlyHotspotEnrichedApBroadcast(
+            boolean emulateInterfaceStatusChanged) throws Exception {
+        // Emulate externally-visible WifiManager effects, causing the
+        // per-interface state machine to start up, and telling us that
+        // hotspot mode is to be started.
+        if (emulateInterfaceStatusChanged) {
+            mTethering.interfaceStatusChanged(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, true);
+        }
+        sendWifiApStateChanged(WIFI_AP_STATE_ENABLED, TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, IFACE_IP_MODE_LOCAL_ONLY);
+
+        verifyInterfaceServingModeStarted(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME);
+        verifyTetheringBroadcast(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, EXTRA_AVAILABLE_TETHER);
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).ipfwdEnableForwarding(TETHERING_NAME);
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).tetherStartWithConfiguration(any());
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd);
+        verify(mWifiManager).updateInterfaceIpState(
+                TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, WifiManager.IFACE_IP_MODE_UNSPECIFIED);
+        verify(mWifiManager).updateInterfaceIpState(
+                TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, WifiManager.IFACE_IP_MODE_LOCAL_ONLY);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mWifiManager);
+        verifyTetheringBroadcast(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, EXTRA_ACTIVE_LOCAL_ONLY);
+        verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor, times(1)).startObserveAllNetworks();
+        // There are 2 IpServer state change events: STATE_AVAILABLE -> STATE_LOCAL_ONLY
+        verify(mNotificationUpdater, times(2)).onDownstreamChanged(DOWNSTREAM_NONE);
+
+        // Emulate externally-visible WifiManager effects, when hotspot mode
+        // is being torn down.
+        sendWifiApStateChanged(WifiManager.WIFI_AP_STATE_DISABLED);
+        mTethering.interfaceRemoved(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).tetherApplyDnsInterfaces();
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).tetherInterfaceRemove(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME);
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).networkRemoveInterface(INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID, TEST_WLAN_IFNAME);
+        // interfaceSetCfg() called once for enabling and twice disabling IPv4.
+        verify(mNetd, times(3)).interfaceSetCfg(any(InterfaceConfigurationParcel.class));
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).tetherStop();
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).ipfwdDisableForwarding(TETHERING_NAME);
+        verify(mWifiManager, times(3)).updateInterfaceIpState(
+                TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, WifiManager.IFACE_IP_MODE_UNSPECIFIED);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mWifiManager);
+        // Asking for the last error after the per-interface state machine
+        // has been reaped yields an unknown interface error.
+        assertEquals(TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_IFACE, mTethering.getLastErrorForTest(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Send CMD_IPV6_TETHER_UPDATE to IpServers as would be done by IPv6TetheringCoordinator.
+     */
+    private void sendIPv6TetherUpdates(UpstreamNetworkState upstreamState) {
+        // IPv6TetheringCoordinator must have been notified of downstream
+        for (IpServer ipSrv : mTetheringDependencies.mIpv6CoordinatorNotifyList) {
+            UpstreamNetworkState ipv6OnlyState = buildMobileUpstreamState(false, true, false);
+            ipSrv.sendMessage(IpServer.CMD_IPV6_TETHER_UPDATE, 0, 0,
+                    upstreamState.linkProperties.isIpv6Provisioned()
+                            ? ipv6OnlyState.linkProperties
+                            : null);
+            break;
+        }
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+    }
+
+    private void runUsbTethering(UpstreamNetworkState upstreamState) {
+        initTetheringUpstream(upstreamState);
+        prepareUsbTethering();
+        if (mTethering.getTetheringConfiguration().isUsingNcm()) {
+            sendUsbBroadcast(true, true, TETHER_USB_NCM_FUNCTION);
+            verify(mIPv6TetheringCoordinator).addActiveDownstream(
+                    argThat(sm -> sm.linkProperties().getInterfaceName().equals(TEST_NCM_IFNAME)),
+                    eq(IpServer.STATE_TETHERED));
+        } else {
+            sendUsbBroadcast(true, true, TETHER_USB_RNDIS_FUNCTION);
+            verify(mIPv6TetheringCoordinator).addActiveDownstream(
+                    argThat(sm -> sm.linkProperties().getInterfaceName().equals(TEST_RNDIS_IFNAME)),
+                    eq(IpServer.STATE_TETHERED));
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    private void assertSetIfaceToDadProxy(final int numOfCalls, final String ifaceName) {
+        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > Build.VERSION_CODES.R || "S".equals(Build.VERSION.CODENAME)
+                    || "T".equals(Build.VERSION.CODENAME)) {
+            verify(mDadProxy, times(numOfCalls)).setUpstreamIface(
+                     argThat(ifaceParams  -> ifaceName.equals(ifaceParams.name)));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void workingMobileUsbTethering_IPv4() throws Exception {
+        UpstreamNetworkState upstreamState = buildMobileIPv4UpstreamState();
+        runUsbTethering(upstreamState);
+
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).tetherAddForward(TEST_RNDIS_IFNAME, TEST_MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).ipfwdAddInterfaceForward(TEST_RNDIS_IFNAME, TEST_MOBILE_IFNAME);
+
+        sendIPv6TetherUpdates(upstreamState);
+        assertSetIfaceToDadProxy(0 /* numOfCalls */, "" /* ifaceName */);
+        verify(mRouterAdvertisementDaemon, never()).buildNewRa(any(), notNull());
+        verify(mDhcpServer, timeout(DHCPSERVER_START_TIMEOUT_MS).times(1)).startWithCallbacks(
+                any(), any());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void workingMobileUsbTethering_IPv4LegacyDhcp() {
+        when(mResources.getBoolean(R.bool.config_tether_enable_legacy_dhcp_server)).thenReturn(
+                true);
+        sendConfigurationChanged();
+        final UpstreamNetworkState upstreamState = buildMobileIPv4UpstreamState();
+        runUsbTethering(upstreamState);
+        sendIPv6TetherUpdates(upstreamState);
+
+        verify(mIpServerDependencies, never()).makeDhcpServer(any(), any(), any());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void workingMobileUsbTethering_IPv6() throws Exception {
+        UpstreamNetworkState upstreamState = buildMobileIPv6UpstreamState();
+        runUsbTethering(upstreamState);
+
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).tetherAddForward(TEST_RNDIS_IFNAME, TEST_MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).ipfwdAddInterfaceForward(TEST_RNDIS_IFNAME, TEST_MOBILE_IFNAME);
+
+        sendIPv6TetherUpdates(upstreamState);
+        // TODO: add interfaceParams to compare in verify.
+        assertSetIfaceToDadProxy(1 /* numOfCalls */, TEST_MOBILE_IFNAME /* ifaceName */);
+        verify(mRouterAdvertisementDaemon, times(1)).buildNewRa(any(), notNull());
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).tetherApplyDnsInterfaces();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void workingMobileUsbTethering_DualStack() throws Exception {
+        UpstreamNetworkState upstreamState = buildMobileDualStackUpstreamState();
+        runUsbTethering(upstreamState);
+
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).tetherAddForward(TEST_RNDIS_IFNAME, TEST_MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).ipfwdAddInterfaceForward(TEST_RNDIS_IFNAME, TEST_MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        verify(mRouterAdvertisementDaemon, times(1)).start();
+        verify(mDhcpServer, timeout(DHCPSERVER_START_TIMEOUT_MS).times(1)).startWithCallbacks(
+                any(), any());
+
+        sendIPv6TetherUpdates(upstreamState);
+        assertSetIfaceToDadProxy(1 /* numOfCalls */, TEST_MOBILE_IFNAME /* ifaceName */);
+        verify(mRouterAdvertisementDaemon, times(1)).buildNewRa(any(), notNull());
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).tetherApplyDnsInterfaces();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void workingMobileUsbTethering_MultipleUpstreams() throws Exception {
+        UpstreamNetworkState upstreamState = buildMobile464xlatUpstreamState();
+        runUsbTethering(upstreamState);
+
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).tetherAddForward(TEST_RNDIS_IFNAME, TEST_XLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).tetherAddForward(TEST_RNDIS_IFNAME, TEST_MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        verify(mDhcpServer, timeout(DHCPSERVER_START_TIMEOUT_MS).times(1)).startWithCallbacks(
+                any(), any());
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).ipfwdAddInterfaceForward(TEST_RNDIS_IFNAME,
+                TEST_XLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).ipfwdAddInterfaceForward(TEST_RNDIS_IFNAME, TEST_MOBILE_IFNAME);
+
+        sendIPv6TetherUpdates(upstreamState);
+        assertSetIfaceToDadProxy(1 /* numOfCalls */, TEST_MOBILE_IFNAME /* ifaceName */);
+        verify(mRouterAdvertisementDaemon, times(1)).buildNewRa(any(), notNull());
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).tetherApplyDnsInterfaces();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void workingMobileUsbTethering_v6Then464xlat() throws Exception {
+        when(mResources.getInteger(R.integer.config_tether_usb_functions)).thenReturn(
+                TetheringConfiguration.TETHER_USB_NCM_FUNCTION);
+        when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_tether_usb_regexs))
+                .thenReturn(new String[] {TEST_NCM_REGEX});
+        sendConfigurationChanged();
+
+        // Setup IPv6
+        UpstreamNetworkState upstreamState = buildMobileIPv6UpstreamState();
+        runUsbTethering(upstreamState);
+
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).tetherAddForward(TEST_NCM_IFNAME, TEST_MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        verify(mDhcpServer, timeout(DHCPSERVER_START_TIMEOUT_MS).times(1)).startWithCallbacks(
+                any(), any());
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).ipfwdAddInterfaceForward(TEST_NCM_IFNAME, TEST_MOBILE_IFNAME);
+
+        // Then 464xlat comes up
+        upstreamState = buildMobile464xlatUpstreamState();
+        initTetheringUpstream(upstreamState);
+
+        // Upstream LinkProperties changed: UpstreamNetworkMonitor sends EVENT_ON_LINKPROPERTIES.
+        mTetheringDependencies.mUpstreamNetworkMonitorSM.sendMessage(
+                Tethering.TetherMainSM.EVENT_UPSTREAM_CALLBACK,
+                UpstreamNetworkMonitor.EVENT_ON_LINKPROPERTIES,
+                0,
+                upstreamState);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        // Forwarding is added for 464xlat
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).tetherAddForward(TEST_NCM_IFNAME, TEST_XLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).ipfwdAddInterfaceForward(TEST_NCM_IFNAME,
+                TEST_XLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        // Forwarding was not re-added for v6 (still times(1))
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).tetherAddForward(TEST_NCM_IFNAME, TEST_MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).ipfwdAddInterfaceForward(TEST_NCM_IFNAME, TEST_MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        // DHCP not restarted on downstream (still times(1))
+        verify(mDhcpServer, timeout(DHCPSERVER_START_TIMEOUT_MS).times(1)).startWithCallbacks(
+                any(), any());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void configTetherUpstreamAutomaticIgnoresConfigTetherUpstreamTypes() throws Exception {
+        when(mResources.getBoolean(R.bool.config_tether_upstream_automatic)).thenReturn(true);
+        sendConfigurationChanged();
+
+        // Setup IPv6
+        final UpstreamNetworkState upstreamState = buildMobileIPv6UpstreamState();
+        runUsbTethering(upstreamState);
+
+        // UpstreamNetworkMonitor should choose upstream automatically
+        // (in this specific case: choose the default network).
+        verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor, times(1)).getCurrentPreferredUpstream();
+        verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor, never()).selectPreferredUpstreamType(any());
+
+        verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor, times(1)).setCurrentUpstream(upstreamState.network);
+    }
+
+    private void verifyDisableTryCellWhenTetheringStop(InOrder inOrder) {
+        runStopUSBTethering();
+        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).setTryCell(false);
+    }
+
+    private void upstreamSelectionTestCommon(final boolean automatic, InOrder inOrder,
+            TestNetworkAgent mobile, TestNetworkAgent wifi) throws Exception {
+        // Enable automatic upstream selection.
+        when(mResources.getBoolean(R.bool.config_tether_upstream_automatic)).thenReturn(automatic);
+        sendConfigurationChanged();
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        // Start USB tethering with no current upstream.
+        prepareUsbTethering();
+        sendUsbBroadcast(true, true, TETHER_USB_RNDIS_FUNCTION);
+        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).startObserveAllNetworks();
+        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).setTryCell(true);
+
+        // Pretend cellular connected and expect the upstream to be set.
+        mobile.fakeConnect();
+        mCm.makeDefaultNetwork(mobile, BROADCAST_FIRST);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).setCurrentUpstream(mobile.networkId);
+
+        // Switch upstream to wifi.
+        wifi.fakeConnect();
+        mCm.makeDefaultNetwork(wifi, BROADCAST_FIRST);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).setTryCell(false);
+        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).setCurrentUpstream(wifi.networkId);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutomaticUpstreamSelection() throws Exception {
+        TestNetworkAgent mobile = new TestNetworkAgent(mCm, buildMobileDualStackUpstreamState());
+        TestNetworkAgent wifi = new TestNetworkAgent(mCm, buildWifiUpstreamState());
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mCm, mUpstreamNetworkMonitor);
+        // Enable automatic upstream selection.
+        upstreamSelectionTestCommon(true, inOrder, mobile, wifi);
+
+        // This code has historically been racy, so test different orderings of CONNECTIVITY_ACTION
+        // broadcasts and callbacks, and add mLooper.dispatchAll() calls between the two.
+        final Runnable doDispatchAll = () -> mLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        // Switch upstreams a few times.
+        mCm.makeDefaultNetwork(mobile, BROADCAST_FIRST, doDispatchAll);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).setCurrentUpstream(mobile.networkId);
+
+        mCm.makeDefaultNetwork(wifi, BROADCAST_FIRST, doDispatchAll);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).setTryCell(false);
+        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).setCurrentUpstream(wifi.networkId);
+
+        mCm.makeDefaultNetwork(mobile, CALLBACKS_FIRST);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).setCurrentUpstream(mobile.networkId);
+
+        mCm.makeDefaultNetwork(wifi, CALLBACKS_FIRST);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).setTryCell(false);
+        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).setCurrentUpstream(wifi.networkId);
+
+        mCm.makeDefaultNetwork(mobile, CALLBACKS_FIRST, doDispatchAll);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).setCurrentUpstream(mobile.networkId);
+
+        // Wifi disconnecting should not have any affect since it's not the current upstream.
+        wifi.fakeDisconnect();
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor, never()).setCurrentUpstream(any());
+
+        // Lose and regain upstream.
+        assertTrue(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor.getCurrentPreferredUpstream().linkProperties
+                .hasIPv4Address());
+        mCm.makeDefaultNetwork(null, BROADCAST_FIRST, doDispatchAll);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        mobile.fakeDisconnect();
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).setTryCell(true);
+        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).setCurrentUpstream(null);
+
+        mobile = new TestNetworkAgent(mCm, buildMobile464xlatUpstreamState());
+        mobile.fakeConnect();
+        mCm.makeDefaultNetwork(mobile, BROADCAST_FIRST, doDispatchAll);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).setCurrentUpstream(mobile.networkId);
+
+        // Check the IP addresses to ensure that the upstream is indeed not the same as the previous
+        // mobile upstream, even though the netId is (unrealistically) the same.
+        assertFalse(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor.getCurrentPreferredUpstream().linkProperties
+                .hasIPv4Address());
+
+        // Lose and regain upstream again.
+        mCm.makeDefaultNetwork(null, CALLBACKS_FIRST, doDispatchAll);
+        mobile.fakeDisconnect();
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).setTryCell(true);
+        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).setCurrentUpstream(null);
+
+        mobile = new TestNetworkAgent(mCm, buildMobileDualStackUpstreamState());
+        mobile.fakeConnect();
+        mCm.makeDefaultNetwork(mobile, CALLBACKS_FIRST, doDispatchAll);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).setCurrentUpstream(mobile.networkId);
+
+        assertTrue(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor.getCurrentPreferredUpstream().linkProperties
+                .hasIPv4Address());
+
+        // Check that the code does not crash if onLinkPropertiesChanged is received after onLost.
+        mobile.fakeDisconnect();
+        mobile.sendLinkProperties();
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        verifyDisableTryCellWhenTetheringStop(inOrder);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLegacyUpstreamSelection() throws Exception {
+        TestNetworkAgent mobile = new TestNetworkAgent(mCm, buildMobileDualStackUpstreamState());
+        TestNetworkAgent wifi = new TestNetworkAgent(mCm, buildWifiUpstreamState());
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mCm, mUpstreamNetworkMonitor);
+        // Enable legacy upstream selection.
+        upstreamSelectionTestCommon(false, inOrder, mobile, wifi);
+
+        // Wifi disconnecting and the default network switch to mobile, the upstream should also
+        // switch to mobile.
+        wifi.fakeDisconnect();
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        mCm.makeDefaultNetwork(mobile, CALLBACKS_FIRST, null);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).setCurrentUpstream(mobile.networkId);
+
+        wifi.fakeConnect();
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        mCm.makeDefaultNetwork(wifi, CALLBACKS_FIRST, null);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).setTryCell(false);
+        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).setCurrentUpstream(wifi.networkId);
+
+        verifyDisableTryCellWhenTetheringStop(inOrder);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testChooseDunUpstreamByAutomaticMode() throws Exception {
+        // Enable automatic upstream selection.
+        TestNetworkAgent mobile = new TestNetworkAgent(mCm, buildMobileDualStackUpstreamState());
+        TestNetworkAgent wifi = new TestNetworkAgent(mCm, buildWifiUpstreamState());
+        TestNetworkAgent dun = new TestNetworkAgent(mCm, buildDunUpstreamState());
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mCm, mUpstreamNetworkMonitor);
+        chooseDunUpstreamTestCommon(true, inOrder, mobile, wifi, dun);
+
+        // When default network switch to mobile and wifi is connected (may have low signal),
+        // automatic mode would request dun again and choose it as upstream.
+        mCm.makeDefaultNetwork(mobile, CALLBACKS_FIRST);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).setTryCell(true);
+        ArgumentCaptor<NetworkCallback> captor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NetworkCallback.class);
+        inOrder.verify(mCm).requestNetwork(any(), eq(0), eq(TYPE_MOBILE_DUN), any(), any());
+        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).setCurrentUpstream(null);
+        final Runnable doDispatchAll = () -> mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        dun.fakeConnect(CALLBACKS_FIRST, doDispatchAll);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).setCurrentUpstream(dun.networkId);
+
+        // Lose and regain upstream again.
+        dun.fakeDisconnect(CALLBACKS_FIRST, doDispatchAll);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).setTryCell(true);
+        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).setCurrentUpstream(null);
+        inOrder.verify(mCm, never()).unregisterNetworkCallback(any(NetworkCallback.class));
+        dun.fakeConnect(CALLBACKS_FIRST, doDispatchAll);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).setCurrentUpstream(dun.networkId);
+
+        verifyDisableTryCellWhenTetheringStop(inOrder);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testChooseDunUpstreamByLegacyMode() throws Exception {
+        // Enable Legacy upstream selection.
+        TestNetworkAgent mobile = new TestNetworkAgent(mCm, buildMobileDualStackUpstreamState());
+        TestNetworkAgent wifi = new TestNetworkAgent(mCm, buildWifiUpstreamState());
+        TestNetworkAgent dun = new TestNetworkAgent(mCm, buildDunUpstreamState());
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mCm, mUpstreamNetworkMonitor);
+        chooseDunUpstreamTestCommon(false, inOrder, mobile, wifi, dun);
+
+        // Legacy mode would keep use wifi as upstream (because it has higher priority in the
+        // list).
+        mCm.makeDefaultNetwork(mobile, CALLBACKS_FIRST);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).setTryCell(false);
+        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor, never()).setCurrentUpstream(any());
+        // BUG: when wifi disconnect, the dun request would not be filed again because wifi is
+        // no longer be default network which do not have CONNECTIVIY_ACTION broadcast.
+        wifi.fakeDisconnect();
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        inOrder.verify(mCm, never()).requestNetwork(any(), eq(0), eq(TYPE_MOBILE_DUN), any(),
+                any());
+
+        // Change the legacy priority list that dun is higher than wifi.
+        when(mResources.getIntArray(R.array.config_tether_upstream_types)).thenReturn(
+                new int[] { TYPE_MOBILE_DUN, TYPE_WIFI });
+        sendConfigurationChanged();
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        // Make wifi as default network. Note: mobile also connected.
+        wifi.fakeConnect();
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        mCm.makeDefaultNetwork(wifi, CALLBACKS_FIRST);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        // BUG: dun has higher priority than wifi but tethering don't file dun request because
+        // current upstream is wifi.
+        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).setTryCell(false);
+        inOrder.verify(mCm, never()).requestNetwork(any(), eq(0), eq(TYPE_MOBILE_DUN), any(),
+                any());
+
+        verifyDisableTryCellWhenTetheringStop(inOrder);
+    }
+
+    private void chooseDunUpstreamTestCommon(final boolean automatic, InOrder inOrder,
+            TestNetworkAgent mobile, TestNetworkAgent wifi, TestNetworkAgent dun) throws Exception {
+        when(mResources.getBoolean(R.bool.config_tether_upstream_automatic)).thenReturn(automatic);
+        when(mTelephonyManager.isTetheringApnRequired()).thenReturn(true);
+        sendConfigurationChanged();
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        // Start USB tethering with no current upstream.
+        prepareUsbTethering();
+        sendUsbBroadcast(true, true, TETHER_USB_RNDIS_FUNCTION);
+        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).startObserveAllNetworks();
+        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).setTryCell(true);
+        ArgumentCaptor<NetworkCallback> captor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NetworkCallback.class);
+        inOrder.verify(mCm).requestNetwork(any(), eq(0), eq(TYPE_MOBILE_DUN), any(),
+                captor.capture());
+        final NetworkCallback dunNetworkCallback1 = captor.getValue();
+
+        // Pretend cellular connected and expect the upstream to be set.
+        mobile.fakeConnect();
+        mCm.makeDefaultNetwork(mobile, BROADCAST_FIRST);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor, never()).setCurrentUpstream(mobile.networkId);
+
+        // Pretend dun connected and expect choose dun as upstream.
+        final Runnable doDispatchAll = () -> mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        dun.fakeConnect(BROADCAST_FIRST, doDispatchAll);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).setCurrentUpstream(dun.networkId);
+
+        // When wifi connected, unregister dun request and choose wifi as upstream.
+        wifi.fakeConnect();
+        mCm.makeDefaultNetwork(wifi, CALLBACKS_FIRST);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).setTryCell(false);
+        inOrder.verify(mCm).unregisterNetworkCallback(eq(dunNetworkCallback1));
+        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).setCurrentUpstream(wifi.networkId);
+        dun.fakeDisconnect(BROADCAST_FIRST, doDispatchAll);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor, never()).setCurrentUpstream(any());
+    }
+
+    private void runNcmTethering() {
+        prepareNcmTethering();
+        sendUsbBroadcast(true, true, TETHER_USB_NCM_FUNCTION);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void workingNcmTethering() throws Exception {
+        runNcmTethering();
+
+        verify(mDhcpServer, timeout(DHCPSERVER_START_TIMEOUT_MS).times(1)).startWithCallbacks(
+                any(), any());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void workingNcmTethering_LegacyDhcp() {
+        when(mResources.getBoolean(R.bool.config_tether_enable_legacy_dhcp_server)).thenReturn(
+                true);
+        sendConfigurationChanged();
+        runNcmTethering();
+
+        verify(mIpServerDependencies, never()).makeDhcpServer(any(), any(), any());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void workingLocalOnlyHotspotEnrichedApBroadcastWithIfaceChanged() throws Exception {
+        workingLocalOnlyHotspotEnrichedApBroadcast(true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void workingLocalOnlyHotspotEnrichedApBroadcastSansIfaceChanged() throws Exception {
+        workingLocalOnlyHotspotEnrichedApBroadcast(false);
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Test with and without interfaceStatusChanged().
+    @Test
+    public void failingWifiTetheringLegacyApBroadcast() throws Exception {
+        when(mWifiManager.startTetheredHotspot(any(SoftApConfiguration.class))).thenReturn(true);
+
+        // Emulate pressing the WiFi tethering button.
+        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_WIFI), null);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verify(mWifiManager, times(1)).startTetheredHotspot(null);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mWifiManager);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd);
+
+        // Emulate externally-visible WifiManager effects, causing the
+        // per-interface state machine to start up, and telling us that
+        // tethering mode is to be started.
+        mTethering.interfaceStatusChanged(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, true);
+        sendWifiApStateChanged(WIFI_AP_STATE_ENABLED);
+
+        // There is 1 IpServer state change event: STATE_AVAILABLE
+        verify(mNotificationUpdater, times(1)).onDownstreamChanged(DOWNSTREAM_NONE);
+        verifyTetheringBroadcast(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, EXTRA_AVAILABLE_TETHER);
+        verify(mWifiManager).updateInterfaceIpState(
+                TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, WifiManager.IFACE_IP_MODE_UNSPECIFIED);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mWifiManager);
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Test with and without interfaceStatusChanged().
+    @Test
+    public void workingWifiTetheringEnrichedApBroadcast() throws Exception {
+        when(mWifiManager.startTetheredHotspot(any(SoftApConfiguration.class))).thenReturn(true);
+
+        // Emulate pressing the WiFi tethering button.
+        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_WIFI), null);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verify(mWifiManager, times(1)).startTetheredHotspot(null);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mWifiManager);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd);
+
+        // Emulate externally-visible WifiManager effects, causing the
+        // per-interface state machine to start up, and telling us that
+        // tethering mode is to be started.
+        mTethering.interfaceStatusChanged(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, true);
+        sendWifiApStateChanged(WIFI_AP_STATE_ENABLED, TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, IFACE_IP_MODE_TETHERED);
+
+        verifyInterfaceServingModeStarted(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME);
+        verifyTetheringBroadcast(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, EXTRA_AVAILABLE_TETHER);
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).ipfwdEnableForwarding(TETHERING_NAME);
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).tetherStartWithConfiguration(any());
+        verify(mNetd, times(2)).networkAddRoute(eq(INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID), eq(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME),
+                anyString(), anyString());
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd);
+        verify(mWifiManager).updateInterfaceIpState(
+                TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, WifiManager.IFACE_IP_MODE_UNSPECIFIED);
+        verify(mWifiManager).updateInterfaceIpState(
+                TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, WifiManager.IFACE_IP_MODE_TETHERED);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mWifiManager);
+        verifyTetheringBroadcast(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, EXTRA_ACTIVE_TETHER);
+        verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor, times(1)).startObserveAllNetworks();
+        // In tethering mode, in the default configuration, an explicit request
+        // for a mobile network is also made.
+        verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor, times(1)).setTryCell(true);
+        // There are 2 IpServer state change events: STATE_AVAILABLE -> STATE_TETHERED
+        verify(mNotificationUpdater, times(1)).onDownstreamChanged(DOWNSTREAM_NONE);
+        verify(mNotificationUpdater, times(1)).onDownstreamChanged(eq(1 << TETHERING_WIFI));
+
+        /////
+        // We do not currently emulate any upstream being found.
+        //
+        // This is why there are no calls to verify mNetd.tetherAddForward() or
+        // mNetd.ipfwdAddInterfaceForward().
+        /////
+
+        // Emulate pressing the WiFi tethering button.
+        mTethering.stopTethering(TETHERING_WIFI);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verify(mWifiManager, times(1)).stopSoftAp();
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mWifiManager);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd);
+
+        // Emulate externally-visible WifiManager effects, when tethering mode
+        // is being torn down.
+        sendWifiApStateChanged(WifiManager.WIFI_AP_STATE_DISABLED);
+        mTethering.interfaceRemoved(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).tetherApplyDnsInterfaces();
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).tetherInterfaceRemove(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME);
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).networkRemoveInterface(INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID, TEST_WLAN_IFNAME);
+        // interfaceSetCfg() called once for enabling and twice for disabling IPv4.
+        verify(mNetd, times(3)).interfaceSetCfg(any(InterfaceConfigurationParcel.class));
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).tetherStop();
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).ipfwdDisableForwarding(TETHERING_NAME);
+        verify(mWifiManager, times(3)).updateInterfaceIpState(
+                TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, WifiManager.IFACE_IP_MODE_UNSPECIFIED);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mWifiManager);
+        // Asking for the last error after the per-interface state machine
+        // has been reaped yields an unknown interface error.
+        assertEquals(TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_IFACE, mTethering.getLastErrorForTest(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME));
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Test with and without interfaceStatusChanged().
+    @Test
+    public void failureEnablingIpForwarding() throws Exception {
+        when(mWifiManager.startTetheredHotspot(any(SoftApConfiguration.class))).thenReturn(true);
+        doThrow(new RemoteException()).when(mNetd).ipfwdEnableForwarding(TETHERING_NAME);
+
+        // Emulate pressing the WiFi tethering button.
+        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_WIFI), null);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verify(mWifiManager, times(1)).startTetheredHotspot(null);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mWifiManager);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd);
+
+        // Emulate externally-visible WifiManager effects, causing the
+        // per-interface state machine to start up, and telling us that
+        // tethering mode is to be started.
+        mTethering.interfaceStatusChanged(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, true);
+        sendWifiApStateChanged(WIFI_AP_STATE_ENABLED, TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, IFACE_IP_MODE_TETHERED);
+
+        // We verify get/set called three times here: twice for setup and once during
+        // teardown because all events happen over the course of the single
+        // dispatchAll() above. Note that once the IpServer IPv4 address config
+        // code is refactored the two calls during shutdown will revert to one.
+        verify(mNetd, times(3)).interfaceSetCfg(argThat(p -> TEST_WLAN_IFNAME.equals(p.ifName)));
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).tetherInterfaceAdd(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME);
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).networkAddInterface(INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID, TEST_WLAN_IFNAME);
+        verify(mNetd, times(2)).networkAddRoute(eq(INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID), eq(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME),
+                anyString(), anyString());
+        verify(mWifiManager).updateInterfaceIpState(
+                TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, WifiManager.IFACE_IP_MODE_UNSPECIFIED);
+        verify(mWifiManager).updateInterfaceIpState(
+                TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, WifiManager.IFACE_IP_MODE_TETHERED);
+        // There are 3 IpServer state change event:
+        //         STATE_AVAILABLE -> STATE_TETHERED -> STATE_AVAILABLE.
+        verify(mNotificationUpdater, times(2)).onDownstreamChanged(DOWNSTREAM_NONE);
+        verify(mNotificationUpdater, times(1)).onDownstreamChanged(eq(1 << TETHERING_WIFI));
+        verifyTetheringBroadcast(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, EXTRA_AVAILABLE_TETHER);
+        // This is called, but will throw.
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).ipfwdEnableForwarding(TETHERING_NAME);
+        // This never gets called because of the exception thrown above.
+        verify(mNetd, times(0)).tetherStartWithConfiguration(any());
+        // When the main state machine transitions to an error state it tells
+        // downstream interfaces, which causes us to tell Wi-Fi about the error
+        // so it can take down AP mode.
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).tetherApplyDnsInterfaces();
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).tetherInterfaceRemove(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME);
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).networkRemoveInterface(INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID, TEST_WLAN_IFNAME);
+        verify(mWifiManager).updateInterfaceIpState(
+                TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, WifiManager.IFACE_IP_MODE_CONFIGURATION_ERROR);
+
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mWifiManager);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd);
+    }
+
+    private UserRestrictionActionListener makeUserRestrictionActionListener(
+            final Tethering tethering, final boolean currentDisallow, final boolean nextDisallow) {
+        final Bundle newRestrictions = new Bundle();
+        newRestrictions.putBoolean(UserManager.DISALLOW_CONFIG_TETHERING, nextDisallow);
+        when(mUserManager.getUserRestrictions()).thenReturn(newRestrictions);
+
+        final UserRestrictionActionListener ural =
+                new UserRestrictionActionListener(mUserManager, tethering, mNotificationUpdater);
+        ural.mDisallowTethering = currentDisallow;
+        return ural;
+    }
+
+    private void runUserRestrictionsChange(
+            boolean currentDisallow, boolean nextDisallow, boolean isTetheringActive,
+            int expectedInteractionsWithShowNotification) throws  Exception {
+        final Tethering mockTethering = mock(Tethering.class);
+        when(mockTethering.isTetheringActive()).thenReturn(isTetheringActive);
+
+        final UserRestrictionActionListener ural =
+                makeUserRestrictionActionListener(mockTethering, currentDisallow, nextDisallow);
+        ural.onUserRestrictionsChanged();
+
+        verify(mNotificationUpdater, times(expectedInteractionsWithShowNotification))
+                .notifyTetheringDisabledByRestriction();
+        verify(mockTethering, times(expectedInteractionsWithShowNotification)).untetherAll();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDisallowTetheringWhenTetheringIsNotActive() throws Exception {
+        final boolean isTetheringActive = false;
+        final boolean currDisallow = false;
+        final boolean nextDisallow = true;
+        final int expectedInteractionsWithShowNotification = 0;
+
+        runUserRestrictionsChange(currDisallow, nextDisallow, isTetheringActive,
+                expectedInteractionsWithShowNotification);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDisallowTetheringWhenTetheringIsActive() throws Exception {
+        final boolean isTetheringActive = true;
+        final boolean currDisallow = false;
+        final boolean nextDisallow = true;
+        final int expectedInteractionsWithShowNotification = 1;
+
+        runUserRestrictionsChange(currDisallow, nextDisallow, isTetheringActive,
+                expectedInteractionsWithShowNotification);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAllowTetheringWhenTetheringIsNotActive() throws Exception {
+        final boolean isTetheringActive = false;
+        final boolean currDisallow = true;
+        final boolean nextDisallow = false;
+        final int expectedInteractionsWithShowNotification = 0;
+
+        runUserRestrictionsChange(currDisallow, nextDisallow, isTetheringActive,
+                expectedInteractionsWithShowNotification);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAllowTetheringWhenTetheringIsActive() throws Exception {
+        final boolean isTetheringActive = true;
+        final boolean currDisallow = true;
+        final boolean nextDisallow = false;
+        final int expectedInteractionsWithShowNotification = 0;
+
+        runUserRestrictionsChange(currDisallow, nextDisallow, isTetheringActive,
+                expectedInteractionsWithShowNotification);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDisallowTetheringUnchanged() throws Exception {
+        final boolean isTetheringActive = true;
+        final int expectedInteractionsWithShowNotification = 0;
+        boolean currDisallow = true;
+        boolean nextDisallow = true;
+
+        runUserRestrictionsChange(currDisallow, nextDisallow, isTetheringActive,
+                expectedInteractionsWithShowNotification);
+
+        currDisallow = false;
+        nextDisallow = false;
+
+        runUserRestrictionsChange(currDisallow, nextDisallow, isTetheringActive,
+                expectedInteractionsWithShowNotification);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUntetherUsbWhenRestrictionIsOn() {
+        // Start usb tethering and check that usb interface is tethered.
+        final UpstreamNetworkState upstreamState = buildMobileIPv4UpstreamState();
+        runUsbTethering(upstreamState);
+        assertContains(Arrays.asList(mTethering.getTetheredIfaces()), TEST_RNDIS_IFNAME);
+        assertTrue(mTethering.isTetheringActive());
+        assertEquals(0, mTethering.getActiveTetheringRequests().size());
+
+        final Tethering.UserRestrictionActionListener ural = makeUserRestrictionActionListener(
+                mTethering, false /* currentDisallow */, true /* nextDisallow */);
+
+        ural.onUserRestrictionsChanged();
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        // Verify that restriction notification has showed to user.
+        verify(mNotificationUpdater, times(1)).notifyTetheringDisabledByRestriction();
+        // Verify that usb tethering has been disabled.
+        verify(mUsbManager, times(1)).setCurrentFunctions(UsbManager.FUNCTION_NONE);
+    }
+
+    private class TestTetheringEventCallback extends ITetheringEventCallback.Stub {
+        private final ArrayList<Network> mActualUpstreams = new ArrayList<>();
+        private final ArrayList<TetheringConfigurationParcel> mTetheringConfigs =
+                new ArrayList<>();
+        private final ArrayList<TetherStatesParcel> mTetherStates = new ArrayList<>();
+        private final ArrayList<Integer> mOffloadStatus = new ArrayList<>();
+        private final ArrayList<List<TetheredClient>> mTetheredClients = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        // This function will remove the recorded callbacks, so it must be called once for
+        // each callback. If this is called after multiple callback, the order matters.
+        // onCallbackCreated counts as the first call to expectUpstreamChanged with
+        // @see onCallbackCreated.
+        public void expectUpstreamChanged(Network... networks) {
+            if (networks == null) {
+                assertNoUpstreamChangeCallback();
+                return;
+            }
+
+            final ArrayList<Network> expectedUpstreams =
+                    new ArrayList<Network>(Arrays.asList(networks));
+            for (Network upstream : expectedUpstreams) {
+                // throws OOB if no expectations
+                assertEquals(mActualUpstreams.remove(0), upstream);
+            }
+            assertNoUpstreamChangeCallback();
+        }
+
+        // This function will remove the recorded callbacks, so it must be called once
+        // for each callback. If this is called after multiple callback, the order matters.
+        // onCallbackCreated counts as the first call to onConfigurationChanged with
+        // @see onCallbackCreated.
+        public void expectConfigurationChanged(TetheringConfigurationParcel... tetherConfigs) {
+            final ArrayList<TetheringConfigurationParcel> expectedTetherConfig =
+                    new ArrayList<TetheringConfigurationParcel>(Arrays.asList(tetherConfigs));
+            for (TetheringConfigurationParcel config : expectedTetherConfig) {
+                // throws OOB if no expectations
+                final TetheringConfigurationParcel actualConfig = mTetheringConfigs.remove(0);
+                assertTetherConfigParcelEqual(actualConfig, config);
+            }
+            assertNoConfigChangeCallback();
+        }
+
+        public void expectOffloadStatusChanged(final int expectedStatus) {
+            assertOffloadStatusChangedCallback();
+            assertEquals(mOffloadStatus.remove(0), new Integer(expectedStatus));
+        }
+
+        public TetherStatesParcel pollTetherStatesChanged() {
+            assertStateChangeCallback();
+            return mTetherStates.remove(0);
+        }
+
+        public void expectTetheredClientChanged(List<TetheredClient> leases) {
+            assertFalse(mTetheredClients.isEmpty());
+            final List<TetheredClient> result = mTetheredClients.remove(0);
+            assertEquals(leases.size(), result.size());
+            assertTrue(leases.containsAll(result));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onUpstreamChanged(Network network) {
+            mActualUpstreams.add(network);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onConfigurationChanged(TetheringConfigurationParcel config) {
+            mTetheringConfigs.add(config);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onTetherStatesChanged(TetherStatesParcel states) {
+            mTetherStates.add(states);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onTetherClientsChanged(List<TetheredClient> clients) {
+            mTetheredClients.add(clients);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onOffloadStatusChanged(final int status) {
+            mOffloadStatus.add(status);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onCallbackStarted(TetheringCallbackStartedParcel parcel) {
+            mActualUpstreams.add(parcel.upstreamNetwork);
+            mTetheringConfigs.add(parcel.config);
+            mTetherStates.add(parcel.states);
+            mOffloadStatus.add(parcel.offloadStatus);
+            mTetheredClients.add(parcel.tetheredClients);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onCallbackStopped(int errorCode) { }
+
+        public void assertNoUpstreamChangeCallback() {
+            assertTrue(mActualUpstreams.isEmpty());
+        }
+
+        public void assertNoConfigChangeCallback() {
+            assertTrue(mTetheringConfigs.isEmpty());
+        }
+
+        public void assertNoStateChangeCallback() {
+            assertTrue(mTetherStates.isEmpty());
+        }
+
+        public void assertStateChangeCallback() {
+            assertFalse(mTetherStates.isEmpty());
+        }
+
+        public void assertOffloadStatusChangedCallback() {
+            assertFalse(mOffloadStatus.isEmpty());
+        }
+
+        public void assertNoCallback() {
+            assertNoUpstreamChangeCallback();
+            assertNoConfigChangeCallback();
+            assertNoStateChangeCallback();
+            assertTrue(mTetheredClients.isEmpty());
+        }
+
+        private void assertTetherConfigParcelEqual(@NonNull TetheringConfigurationParcel actual,
+                @NonNull TetheringConfigurationParcel expect) {
+            assertEquals(actual.subId, expect.subId);
+            assertArrayEquals(actual.tetherableUsbRegexs, expect.tetherableUsbRegexs);
+            assertArrayEquals(actual.tetherableWifiRegexs, expect.tetherableWifiRegexs);
+            assertArrayEquals(actual.tetherableBluetoothRegexs, expect.tetherableBluetoothRegexs);
+            assertEquals(actual.isDunRequired, expect.isDunRequired);
+            assertEquals(actual.chooseUpstreamAutomatically, expect.chooseUpstreamAutomatically);
+            assertArrayEquals(actual.preferredUpstreamIfaceTypes,
+                    expect.preferredUpstreamIfaceTypes);
+            assertArrayEquals(actual.legacyDhcpRanges, expect.legacyDhcpRanges);
+            assertArrayEquals(actual.defaultIPv4DNS, expect.defaultIPv4DNS);
+            assertEquals(actual.enableLegacyDhcpServer, expect.enableLegacyDhcpServer);
+            assertArrayEquals(actual.provisioningApp, expect.provisioningApp);
+            assertEquals(actual.provisioningAppNoUi, expect.provisioningAppNoUi);
+            assertEquals(actual.provisioningCheckPeriod, expect.provisioningCheckPeriod);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void assertTetherStatesNotNullButEmpty(final TetherStatesParcel parcel) {
+        assertFalse(parcel == null);
+        assertEquals(0, parcel.availableList.length);
+        assertEquals(0, parcel.tetheredList.length);
+        assertEquals(0, parcel.localOnlyList.length);
+        assertEquals(0, parcel.erroredIfaceList.length);
+        assertEquals(0, parcel.lastErrorList.length);
+        MiscAsserts.assertFieldCountEquals(5, TetherStatesParcel.class);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRegisterTetheringEventCallback() throws Exception {
+        TestTetheringEventCallback callback = new TestTetheringEventCallback();
+        TestTetheringEventCallback callback2 = new TestTetheringEventCallback();
+        final TetheringInterface wifiIface = new TetheringInterface(
+                TETHERING_WIFI, TEST_WLAN_IFNAME);
+
+        // 1. Register one callback before running any tethering.
+        mTethering.registerTetheringEventCallback(callback);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        callback.expectTetheredClientChanged(Collections.emptyList());
+        callback.expectUpstreamChanged(new Network[] {null});
+        callback.expectConfigurationChanged(
+                mTethering.getTetheringConfiguration().toStableParcelable());
+        TetherStatesParcel tetherState = callback.pollTetherStatesChanged();
+        assertTetherStatesNotNullButEmpty(tetherState);
+        callback.expectOffloadStatusChanged(TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STOPPED);
+        // 2. Enable wifi tethering.
+        UpstreamNetworkState upstreamState = buildMobileDualStackUpstreamState();
+        initTetheringUpstream(upstreamState);
+        when(mWifiManager.startTetheredHotspot(any(SoftApConfiguration.class))).thenReturn(true);
+        mTethering.interfaceStatusChanged(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        tetherState = callback.pollTetherStatesChanged();
+        assertArrayEquals(tetherState.availableList, new TetheringInterface[] {wifiIface});
+
+        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_WIFI), null);
+        sendWifiApStateChanged(WIFI_AP_STATE_ENABLED, TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, IFACE_IP_MODE_TETHERED);
+        tetherState = callback.pollTetherStatesChanged();
+        assertArrayEquals(tetherState.tetheredList, new TetheringInterface[] {wifiIface});
+        callback.expectUpstreamChanged(upstreamState.network);
+        callback.expectOffloadStatusChanged(TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STARTED);
+
+        // 3. Register second callback.
+        mTethering.registerTetheringEventCallback(callback2);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        callback2.expectTetheredClientChanged(Collections.emptyList());
+        callback2.expectUpstreamChanged(upstreamState.network);
+        callback2.expectConfigurationChanged(
+                mTethering.getTetheringConfiguration().toStableParcelable());
+        tetherState = callback2.pollTetherStatesChanged();
+        assertEquals(tetherState.tetheredList, new TetheringInterface[] {wifiIface});
+        callback2.expectOffloadStatusChanged(TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STARTED);
+
+        // 4. Unregister first callback and disable wifi tethering
+        mTethering.unregisterTetheringEventCallback(callback);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        mTethering.stopTethering(TETHERING_WIFI);
+        sendWifiApStateChanged(WifiManager.WIFI_AP_STATE_DISABLED);
+        tetherState = callback2.pollTetherStatesChanged();
+        assertArrayEquals(tetherState.availableList, new TetheringInterface[] {wifiIface});
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        callback2.expectUpstreamChanged(new Network[] {null});
+        callback2.expectOffloadStatusChanged(TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STOPPED);
+        callback.assertNoCallback();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReportFailCallbackIfOffloadNotSupported() throws Exception {
+        final UpstreamNetworkState upstreamState = buildMobileDualStackUpstreamState();
+        TestTetheringEventCallback callback = new TestTetheringEventCallback();
+        mTethering.registerTetheringEventCallback(callback);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        callback.expectOffloadStatusChanged(TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STOPPED);
+
+        // 1. Offload fail if no OffloadConfig.
+        initOffloadConfiguration(false /* offloadConfig */, OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_0,
+                0 /* defaultDisabled */);
+        runUsbTethering(upstreamState);
+        callback.expectOffloadStatusChanged(TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_FAILED);
+        runStopUSBTethering();
+        callback.expectOffloadStatusChanged(TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STOPPED);
+        reset(mUsbManager, mIPv6TetheringCoordinator);
+        // 2. Offload fail if no OffloadControl.
+        initOffloadConfiguration(true /* offloadConfig */, OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_NONE,
+                0 /* defaultDisabled */);
+        runUsbTethering(upstreamState);
+        callback.expectOffloadStatusChanged(TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_FAILED);
+        runStopUSBTethering();
+        callback.expectOffloadStatusChanged(TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STOPPED);
+        reset(mUsbManager, mIPv6TetheringCoordinator);
+        // 3. Offload fail if disabled by settings.
+        initOffloadConfiguration(true /* offloadConfig */, OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_1_0,
+                1 /* defaultDisabled */);
+        runUsbTethering(upstreamState);
+        callback.expectOffloadStatusChanged(TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_FAILED);
+        runStopUSBTethering();
+        callback.expectOffloadStatusChanged(TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STOPPED);
+    }
+
+    private void runStopUSBTethering() {
+        mTethering.stopTethering(TETHERING_USB);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        sendUsbBroadcast(true, true, -1 /* function */);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verify(mUsbManager).setCurrentFunctions(UsbManager.FUNCTION_NONE);
+    }
+
+    private void initOffloadConfiguration(final boolean offloadConfig,
+            @OffloadHardwareInterface.OffloadHalVersion final int offloadControlVersion,
+            final int defaultDisabled) {
+        when(mOffloadHardwareInterface.initOffloadConfig()).thenReturn(offloadConfig);
+        when(mOffloadHardwareInterface.initOffloadControl(any())).thenReturn(offloadControlVersion);
+        when(mOffloadHardwareInterface.getDefaultTetherOffloadDisabled()).thenReturn(
+                defaultDisabled);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMultiSimAware() throws Exception {
+        final TetheringConfiguration initailConfig = mTethering.getTetheringConfiguration();
+        assertEquals(INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID, initailConfig.activeDataSubId);
+
+        final int fakeSubId = 1234;
+        mPhoneStateListener.onActiveDataSubscriptionIdChanged(fakeSubId);
+        final TetheringConfiguration newConfig = mTethering.getTetheringConfiguration();
+        assertEquals(fakeSubId, newConfig.activeDataSubId);
+        verify(mNotificationUpdater, times(1)).onActiveDataSubscriptionIdChanged(eq(fakeSubId));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNoDuplicatedEthernetRequest() throws Exception {
+        final TetheredInterfaceRequest mockRequest = mock(TetheredInterfaceRequest.class);
+        when(mEm.requestTetheredInterface(any(), any())).thenReturn(mockRequest);
+        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_ETHERNET), null);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verify(mEm, times(1)).requestTetheredInterface(any(), any());
+        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_ETHERNET), null);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mEm);
+        mTethering.stopTethering(TETHERING_ETHERNET);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verify(mockRequest, times(1)).release();
+        mTethering.stopTethering(TETHERING_ETHERNET);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mEm);
+    }
+
+    private void workingWifiP2pGroupOwner(
+            boolean emulateInterfaceStatusChanged) throws Exception {
+        if (emulateInterfaceStatusChanged) {
+            mTethering.interfaceStatusChanged(TEST_P2P_IFNAME, true);
+        }
+        sendWifiP2pConnectionChanged(true, true, TEST_P2P_IFNAME);
+
+        verifyInterfaceServingModeStarted(TEST_P2P_IFNAME);
+        verifyTetheringBroadcast(TEST_P2P_IFNAME, EXTRA_AVAILABLE_TETHER);
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).ipfwdEnableForwarding(TETHERING_NAME);
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).tetherStartWithConfiguration(any());
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd);
+        verifyTetheringBroadcast(TEST_P2P_IFNAME, EXTRA_ACTIVE_LOCAL_ONLY);
+        verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor, times(1)).startObserveAllNetworks();
+        // There are 2 IpServer state change events: STATE_AVAILABLE -> STATE_LOCAL_ONLY
+        verify(mNotificationUpdater, times(2)).onDownstreamChanged(DOWNSTREAM_NONE);
+
+        assertEquals(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR, mTethering.getLastErrorForTest(TEST_P2P_IFNAME));
+
+        // Emulate externally-visible WifiP2pManager effects, when wifi p2p group
+        // is being removed.
+        sendWifiP2pConnectionChanged(false, true, TEST_P2P_IFNAME);
+        mTethering.interfaceRemoved(TEST_P2P_IFNAME);
+
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).tetherApplyDnsInterfaces();
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).tetherInterfaceRemove(TEST_P2P_IFNAME);
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).networkRemoveInterface(INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID, TEST_P2P_IFNAME);
+        // interfaceSetCfg() called once for enabling and twice for disabling IPv4.
+        verify(mNetd, times(3)).interfaceSetCfg(any(InterfaceConfigurationParcel.class));
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).tetherStop();
+        verify(mNetd, times(1)).ipfwdDisableForwarding(TETHERING_NAME);
+        verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor, never()).getCurrentPreferredUpstream();
+        verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor, never()).selectPreferredUpstreamType(any());
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd);
+        // Asking for the last error after the per-interface state machine
+        // has been reaped yields an unknown interface error.
+        assertEquals(TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_IFACE, mTethering.getLastErrorForTest(TEST_P2P_IFNAME));
+    }
+
+    private void workingWifiP2pGroupClient(
+            boolean emulateInterfaceStatusChanged) throws Exception {
+        if (emulateInterfaceStatusChanged) {
+            mTethering.interfaceStatusChanged(TEST_P2P_IFNAME, true);
+        }
+        sendWifiP2pConnectionChanged(true, false, TEST_P2P_IFNAME);
+
+        verify(mNetd, never()).interfaceSetCfg(any(InterfaceConfigurationParcel.class));
+        verify(mNetd, never()).tetherInterfaceAdd(TEST_P2P_IFNAME);
+        verify(mNetd, never()).networkAddInterface(INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID, TEST_P2P_IFNAME);
+        verify(mNetd, never()).ipfwdEnableForwarding(TETHERING_NAME);
+        verify(mNetd, never()).tetherStartWithConfiguration(any());
+
+        // Emulate externally-visible WifiP2pManager effects, when wifi p2p group
+        // is being removed.
+        sendWifiP2pConnectionChanged(false, false, TEST_P2P_IFNAME);
+        mTethering.interfaceRemoved(TEST_P2P_IFNAME);
+
+        verify(mNetd, never()).tetherApplyDnsInterfaces();
+        verify(mNetd, never()).tetherInterfaceRemove(TEST_P2P_IFNAME);
+        verify(mNetd, never()).networkRemoveInterface(INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID, TEST_P2P_IFNAME);
+        verify(mNetd, never()).interfaceSetCfg(any(InterfaceConfigurationParcel.class));
+        verify(mNetd, never()).tetherStop();
+        verify(mNetd, never()).ipfwdDisableForwarding(TETHERING_NAME);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd);
+        // Asking for the last error after the per-interface state machine
+        // has been reaped yields an unknown interface error.
+        assertEquals(TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_IFACE, mTethering.getLastErrorForTest(TEST_P2P_IFNAME));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void workingWifiP2pGroupOwnerWithIfaceChanged() throws Exception {
+        workingWifiP2pGroupOwner(true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void workingWifiP2pGroupOwnerSansIfaceChanged() throws Exception {
+        workingWifiP2pGroupOwner(false);
+    }
+
+    private void workingWifiP2pGroupOwnerLegacyMode(
+            boolean emulateInterfaceStatusChanged) throws Exception {
+        // change to legacy mode and update tethering information by chaning SIM
+        when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_tether_wifi_p2p_regexs))
+                .thenReturn(new String[]{});
+        final int fakeSubId = 1234;
+        mPhoneStateListener.onActiveDataSubscriptionIdChanged(fakeSubId);
+
+        if (emulateInterfaceStatusChanged) {
+            mTethering.interfaceStatusChanged(TEST_P2P_IFNAME, true);
+        }
+        sendWifiP2pConnectionChanged(true, true, TEST_P2P_IFNAME);
+
+        verify(mNetd, never()).interfaceSetCfg(any(InterfaceConfigurationParcel.class));
+        verify(mNetd, never()).tetherInterfaceAdd(TEST_P2P_IFNAME);
+        verify(mNetd, never()).networkAddInterface(INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID, TEST_P2P_IFNAME);
+        verify(mNetd, never()).ipfwdEnableForwarding(TETHERING_NAME);
+        verify(mNetd, never()).tetherStartWithConfiguration(any());
+        assertEquals(TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_IFACE, mTethering.getLastErrorForTest(TEST_P2P_IFNAME));
+    }
+    @Test
+    public void workingWifiP2pGroupOwnerLegacyModeWithIfaceChanged() throws Exception {
+        workingWifiP2pGroupOwnerLegacyMode(true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void workingWifiP2pGroupOwnerLegacyModeSansIfaceChanged() throws Exception {
+        workingWifiP2pGroupOwnerLegacyMode(false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void workingWifiP2pGroupClientWithIfaceChanged() throws Exception {
+        workingWifiP2pGroupClient(true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void workingWifiP2pGroupClientSansIfaceChanged() throws Exception {
+        workingWifiP2pGroupClient(false);
+    }
+
+    private void setDataSaverEnabled(boolean enabled) {
+        final int status = enabled ? RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_ENABLED
+                : RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_DISABLED;
+        doReturn(status).when(mCm).getRestrictBackgroundStatus();
+
+        final Intent intent = new Intent(ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED);
+        mServiceContext.sendBroadcastAsUser(intent, UserHandle.ALL);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDataSaverChanged() {
+        // Start Tethering.
+        final UpstreamNetworkState upstreamState = buildMobileIPv4UpstreamState();
+        runUsbTethering(upstreamState);
+        assertContains(Arrays.asList(mTethering.getTetheredIfaces()), TEST_RNDIS_IFNAME);
+        // Data saver is ON.
+        setDataSaverEnabled(true);
+        // Verify that tethering should be disabled.
+        verify(mUsbManager, times(1)).setCurrentFunctions(UsbManager.FUNCTION_NONE);
+        sendUsbBroadcast(true, true, -1 /* function */);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        assertEquals(mTethering.getTetheredIfaces(), new String[0]);
+        reset(mUsbManager, mIPv6TetheringCoordinator);
+
+        runUsbTethering(upstreamState);
+        // Verify that user can start tethering again without turning OFF data saver.
+        assertContains(Arrays.asList(mTethering.getTetheredIfaces()), TEST_RNDIS_IFNAME);
+
+        // If data saver is keep ON with change event, tethering should not be OFF this time.
+        setDataSaverEnabled(true);
+        verify(mUsbManager, times(0)).setCurrentFunctions(UsbManager.FUNCTION_NONE);
+        assertContains(Arrays.asList(mTethering.getTetheredIfaces()), TEST_RNDIS_IFNAME);
+
+        // If data saver is turned OFF, it should not change tethering.
+        setDataSaverEnabled(false);
+        verify(mUsbManager, times(0)).setCurrentFunctions(UsbManager.FUNCTION_NONE);
+        assertContains(Arrays.asList(mTethering.getTetheredIfaces()), TEST_RNDIS_IFNAME);
+    }
+
+    private static <T> void assertContains(Collection<T> collection, T element) {
+        assertTrue(element + " not found in " + collection, collection.contains(element));
+    }
+
+    private class ResultListener extends IIntResultListener.Stub {
+        private final int mExpectedResult;
+        private boolean mHasResult = false;
+        ResultListener(final int expectedResult) {
+            mExpectedResult = expectedResult;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onResult(final int resultCode) {
+            mHasResult = true;
+            if (resultCode != mExpectedResult) {
+                fail("expected result: " + mExpectedResult + " but actual result: " + resultCode);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void assertHasResult() {
+            if (!mHasResult) fail("No callback result");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMultipleStartTethering() throws Exception {
+        final LinkAddress serverLinkAddr = new LinkAddress("192.168.20.1/24");
+        final LinkAddress clientLinkAddr = new LinkAddress("192.168.20.42/24");
+        final String serverAddr = "192.168.20.1";
+        final ResultListener firstResult = new ResultListener(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
+        final ResultListener secondResult = new ResultListener(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
+        final ResultListener thirdResult = new ResultListener(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
+
+        // Enable USB tethering and check that Tethering starts USB.
+        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_USB), firstResult);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        firstResult.assertHasResult();
+        verify(mUsbManager, times(1)).setCurrentFunctions(UsbManager.FUNCTION_RNDIS);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mUsbManager);
+
+        // Enable USB tethering again with the same request and expect no change to USB.
+        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_USB), secondResult);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        secondResult.assertHasResult();
+        verify(mUsbManager, never()).setCurrentFunctions(UsbManager.FUNCTION_NONE);
+        reset(mUsbManager);
+
+        // Enable USB tethering with a different request and expect that USB is stopped and
+        // started.
+        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_USB,
+                  serverLinkAddr, clientLinkAddr, false, CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL), thirdResult);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        thirdResult.assertHasResult();
+        verify(mUsbManager, times(1)).setCurrentFunctions(UsbManager.FUNCTION_NONE);
+        verify(mUsbManager, times(1)).setCurrentFunctions(UsbManager.FUNCTION_RNDIS);
+
+        // Expect that when USB comes up, the DHCP server is configured with the requested address.
+        mTethering.interfaceStatusChanged(TEST_RNDIS_IFNAME, true);
+        sendUsbBroadcast(true, true, TETHER_USB_RNDIS_FUNCTION);
+        verify(mDhcpServer, timeout(DHCPSERVER_START_TIMEOUT_MS).times(1)).startWithCallbacks(
+                any(), any());
+        verify(mNetd).interfaceSetCfg(argThat(cfg -> serverAddr.equals(cfg.ipv4Addr)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRequestStaticIp() throws Exception {
+        when(mResources.getInteger(R.integer.config_tether_usb_functions)).thenReturn(
+                TetheringConfiguration.TETHER_USB_NCM_FUNCTION);
+        when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_tether_usb_regexs))
+                .thenReturn(new String[] {TEST_NCM_REGEX});
+        sendConfigurationChanged();
+
+        final LinkAddress serverLinkAddr = new LinkAddress("192.168.0.123/24");
+        final LinkAddress clientLinkAddr = new LinkAddress("192.168.0.42/24");
+        final String serverAddr = "192.168.0.123";
+        final int clientAddrParceled = 0xc0a8002a;
+        final ArgumentCaptor<DhcpServingParamsParcel> dhcpParamsCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(DhcpServingParamsParcel.class);
+        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_USB,
+                  serverLinkAddr, clientLinkAddr, false, CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL), null);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verify(mUsbManager, times(1)).setCurrentFunctions(UsbManager.FUNCTION_NCM);
+        mTethering.interfaceStatusChanged(TEST_NCM_IFNAME, true);
+        sendUsbBroadcast(true, true, TETHER_USB_NCM_FUNCTION);
+        verify(mNetd).interfaceSetCfg(argThat(cfg -> serverAddr.equals(cfg.ipv4Addr)));
+        verify(mIpServerDependencies, times(1)).makeDhcpServer(any(), dhcpParamsCaptor.capture(),
+                any());
+        final DhcpServingParamsParcel params = dhcpParamsCaptor.getValue();
+        assertEquals(serverAddr, intToInet4AddressHTH(params.serverAddr).getHostAddress());
+        assertEquals(24, params.serverAddrPrefixLength);
+        assertEquals(clientAddrParceled, params.singleClientAddr);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpstreamNetworkChanged() {
+        final Tethering.TetherMainSM stateMachine = (Tethering.TetherMainSM)
+                mTetheringDependencies.mUpstreamNetworkMonitorSM;
+        final UpstreamNetworkState upstreamState = buildMobileIPv4UpstreamState();
+        initTetheringUpstream(upstreamState);
+        stateMachine.chooseUpstreamType(true);
+
+        verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor, times(1)).setCurrentUpstream(eq(upstreamState.network));
+        verify(mNotificationUpdater, times(1)).onUpstreamCapabilitiesChanged(any());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpstreamCapabilitiesChanged() {
+        final Tethering.TetherMainSM stateMachine = (Tethering.TetherMainSM)
+                mTetheringDependencies.mUpstreamNetworkMonitorSM;
+        final UpstreamNetworkState upstreamState = buildMobileIPv4UpstreamState();
+        initTetheringUpstream(upstreamState);
+        stateMachine.chooseUpstreamType(true);
+
+        stateMachine.handleUpstreamNetworkMonitorCallback(EVENT_ON_CAPABILITIES, upstreamState);
+        // Should have two onUpstreamCapabilitiesChanged().
+        // One is called by reportUpstreamChanged(). One is called by EVENT_ON_CAPABILITIES.
+        verify(mNotificationUpdater, times(2)).onUpstreamCapabilitiesChanged(any());
+        reset(mNotificationUpdater);
+
+        // Verify that onUpstreamCapabilitiesChanged won't be called if not current upstream network
+        // capabilities changed.
+        final UpstreamNetworkState upstreamState2 = new UpstreamNetworkState(
+                upstreamState.linkProperties, upstreamState.networkCapabilities,
+                new Network(WIFI_NETID));
+        stateMachine.handleUpstreamNetworkMonitorCallback(EVENT_ON_CAPABILITIES, upstreamState2);
+        verify(mNotificationUpdater, never()).onUpstreamCapabilitiesChanged(any());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDumpTetheringLog() throws Exception {
+        final FileDescriptor mockFd = mock(FileDescriptor.class);
+        final PrintWriter mockPw = mock(PrintWriter.class);
+        runUsbTethering(null);
+        mLooper.startAutoDispatch();
+        mTethering.dump(mockFd, mockPw, new String[0]);
+        verify(mConfig).dump(any());
+        verify(mEntitleMgr).dump(any());
+        verify(mOffloadCtrl).dump(any());
+        mLooper.stopAutoDispatch();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExemptFromEntitlementCheck() throws Exception {
+        setupForRequiredProvisioning();
+        final TetheringRequestParcel wifiNotExemptRequest =
+                createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_WIFI, null, null, false,
+                        CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
+        mTethering.startTethering(wifiNotExemptRequest, null);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verify(mEntitleMgr).startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_WIFI, false);
+        verify(mEntitleMgr, never()).setExemptedDownstreamType(TETHERING_WIFI);
+        assertFalse(mEntitleMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
+        mTethering.stopTethering(TETHERING_WIFI);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verify(mEntitleMgr).stopProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_WIFI);
+        reset(mEntitleMgr);
+
+        setupForRequiredProvisioning();
+        final TetheringRequestParcel wifiExemptRequest =
+                createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_WIFI, null, null, true,
+                        CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
+        mTethering.startTethering(wifiExemptRequest, null);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verify(mEntitleMgr, never()).startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_WIFI, false);
+        verify(mEntitleMgr).setExemptedDownstreamType(TETHERING_WIFI);
+        assertTrue(mEntitleMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
+        mTethering.stopTethering(TETHERING_WIFI);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verify(mEntitleMgr).stopProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_WIFI);
+        reset(mEntitleMgr);
+
+        // If one app enables tethering without provisioning check first, then another app enables
+        // tethering of the same type but does not disable the provisioning check.
+        setupForRequiredProvisioning();
+        mTethering.startTethering(wifiExemptRequest, null);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verify(mEntitleMgr, never()).startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_WIFI, false);
+        verify(mEntitleMgr).setExemptedDownstreamType(TETHERING_WIFI);
+        assertTrue(mEntitleMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
+        reset(mEntitleMgr);
+        setupForRequiredProvisioning();
+        mTethering.startTethering(wifiNotExemptRequest, null);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verify(mEntitleMgr).startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_WIFI, false);
+        verify(mEntitleMgr, never()).setExemptedDownstreamType(TETHERING_WIFI);
+        assertFalse(mEntitleMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
+        mTethering.stopTethering(TETHERING_WIFI);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verify(mEntitleMgr).stopProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_WIFI);
+        reset(mEntitleMgr);
+    }
+
+    private void setupForRequiredProvisioning() {
+        // Produce some acceptable looking provision app setting if requested.
+        when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_mobile_hotspot_provision_app))
+                .thenReturn(PROVISIONING_APP_NAME);
+        when(mResources.getString(R.string.config_mobile_hotspot_provision_app_no_ui))
+                .thenReturn(PROVISIONING_NO_UI_APP_NAME);
+        // Act like the CarrierConfigManager is present and ready unless told otherwise.
+        when(mContext.getSystemService(Context.CARRIER_CONFIG_SERVICE))
+                .thenReturn(mCarrierConfigManager);
+        when(mCarrierConfigManager.getConfigForSubId(anyInt())).thenReturn(mCarrierConfig);
+        mCarrierConfig.putBoolean(CarrierConfigManager.KEY_REQUIRE_ENTITLEMENT_CHECKS_BOOL, true);
+        mCarrierConfig.putBoolean(CarrierConfigManager.KEY_CARRIER_CONFIG_APPLIED_BOOL, true);
+        sendConfigurationChanged();
+    }
+
+    private static UpstreamNetworkState buildV4UpstreamState(final LinkAddress address,
+            final Network network, final String iface, final int transportType) {
+        final LinkProperties prop = new LinkProperties();
+        prop.setInterfaceName(iface);
+
+        prop.addLinkAddress(address);
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities capabilities = new NetworkCapabilities()
+                .addTransportType(transportType);
+        return new UpstreamNetworkState(prop, capabilities, network);
+    }
+
+    private void updateV4Upstream(final LinkAddress ipv4Address, final Network network,
+            final String iface, final int transportType) {
+        final UpstreamNetworkState upstream = buildV4UpstreamState(ipv4Address, network, iface,
+                transportType);
+        mTetheringDependencies.mUpstreamNetworkMonitorSM.sendMessage(
+                Tethering.TetherMainSM.EVENT_UPSTREAM_CALLBACK,
+                UpstreamNetworkMonitor.EVENT_ON_LINKPROPERTIES,
+                0,
+                upstream);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHandleIpConflict() throws Exception {
+        final Network wifiNetwork = new Network(200);
+        final Network[] allNetworks = { wifiNetwork };
+        doReturn(allNetworks).when(mCm).getAllNetworks();
+        runUsbTethering(null);
+        final ArgumentCaptor<InterfaceConfigurationParcel> ifaceConfigCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(InterfaceConfigurationParcel.class);
+        verify(mNetd).interfaceSetCfg(ifaceConfigCaptor.capture());
+        final String ipv4Address = ifaceConfigCaptor.getValue().ipv4Addr;
+        verify(mDhcpServer, timeout(DHCPSERVER_START_TIMEOUT_MS).times(1)).startWithCallbacks(
+                any(), any());
+        reset(mUsbManager);
+
+        // Cause a prefix conflict by assigning a /30 out of the downstream's /24 to the upstream.
+        updateV4Upstream(new LinkAddress(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(ipv4Address), 30),
+                wifiNetwork, TEST_WIFI_IFNAME, TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        // verify turn off usb tethering
+        verify(mUsbManager).setCurrentFunctions(UsbManager.FUNCTION_NONE);
+        sendUsbBroadcast(true, true, -1 /* function */);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        // verify restart usb tethering
+        verify(mUsbManager).setCurrentFunctions(UsbManager.FUNCTION_RNDIS);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNoAddressAvailable() throws Exception {
+        final Network wifiNetwork = new Network(200);
+        final Network btNetwork = new Network(201);
+        final Network mobileNetwork = new Network(202);
+        final Network[] allNetworks = { wifiNetwork, btNetwork, mobileNetwork };
+        doReturn(allNetworks).when(mCm).getAllNetworks();
+        runUsbTethering(null);
+        verify(mDhcpServer, timeout(DHCPSERVER_START_TIMEOUT_MS).times(1)).startWithCallbacks(
+                any(), any());
+        reset(mUsbManager);
+        final TetheredInterfaceRequest mockRequest = mock(TetheredInterfaceRequest.class);
+        when(mEm.requestTetheredInterface(any(), any())).thenReturn(mockRequest);
+        final ArgumentCaptor<TetheredInterfaceCallback> callbackCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(TetheredInterfaceCallback.class);
+        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_ETHERNET), null);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verify(mEm).requestTetheredInterface(any(), callbackCaptor.capture());
+        TetheredInterfaceCallback ethCallback = callbackCaptor.getValue();
+        ethCallback.onAvailable(TEST_ETH_IFNAME);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        reset(mUsbManager, mEm);
+
+        updateV4Upstream(new LinkAddress("192.168.0.100/16"), wifiNetwork, TEST_WIFI_IFNAME,
+                TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        updateV4Upstream(new LinkAddress("172.16.0.0/12"), btNetwork, TEST_BT_IFNAME,
+                TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH);
+        updateV4Upstream(new LinkAddress("10.0.0.0/8"), mobileNetwork, TEST_MOBILE_IFNAME,
+                TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        // verify turn off usb tethering
+        verify(mUsbManager).setCurrentFunctions(UsbManager.FUNCTION_NONE);
+        // verify turn off ethernet tethering
+        verify(mockRequest).release();
+        sendUsbBroadcast(true, true, -1 /* function */);
+        ethCallback.onUnavailable();
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        // verify restart usb tethering
+        verify(mUsbManager).setCurrentFunctions(UsbManager.FUNCTION_RNDIS);
+        // verify restart ethernet tethering
+        verify(mEm).requestTetheredInterface(any(), callbackCaptor.capture());
+        ethCallback = callbackCaptor.getValue();
+        ethCallback.onAvailable(TEST_ETH_IFNAME);
+
+        reset(mUsbManager, mEm);
+        when(mNetd.interfaceGetList())
+                .thenReturn(new String[] {
+                        TEST_MOBILE_IFNAME, TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, TEST_RNDIS_IFNAME, TEST_P2P_IFNAME,
+                        TEST_NCM_IFNAME, TEST_ETH_IFNAME});
+
+        mTethering.interfaceStatusChanged(TEST_RNDIS_IFNAME, true);
+        sendUsbBroadcast(true, true, TETHER_USB_RNDIS_FUNCTION);
+        assertContains(Arrays.asList(mTethering.getTetherableIfacesForTest()), TEST_RNDIS_IFNAME);
+        assertContains(Arrays.asList(mTethering.getTetherableIfacesForTest()), TEST_ETH_IFNAME);
+        assertEquals(TETHER_ERROR_IFACE_CFG_ERROR, mTethering.getLastErrorForTest(
+                TEST_RNDIS_IFNAME));
+        assertEquals(TETHER_ERROR_IFACE_CFG_ERROR, mTethering.getLastErrorForTest(TEST_ETH_IFNAME));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testProvisioningNeededButUnavailable() throws Exception {
+        assertTrue(mTethering.isTetheringSupported());
+        verify(mPackageManager, never()).getPackageInfo(PROVISIONING_APP_NAME[0], GET_ACTIVITIES);
+
+        setupForRequiredProvisioning();
+        assertTrue(mTethering.isTetheringSupported());
+        verify(mPackageManager).getPackageInfo(PROVISIONING_APP_NAME[0], GET_ACTIVITIES);
+        reset(mPackageManager);
+
+        doThrow(PackageManager.NameNotFoundException.class).when(mPackageManager).getPackageInfo(
+                PROVISIONING_APP_NAME[0], GET_ACTIVITIES);
+        setupForRequiredProvisioning();
+        assertFalse(mTethering.isTetheringSupported());
+        verify(mPackageManager).getPackageInfo(PROVISIONING_APP_NAME[0], GET_ACTIVITIES);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateConnectedClients() throws Exception {
+        TestTetheringEventCallback callback = new TestTetheringEventCallback();
+        runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () -> {
+            mTethering.registerTetheringEventCallback(callback);
+            mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        });
+        callback.expectTetheredClientChanged(Collections.emptyList());
+
+        IDhcpEventCallbacks eventCallbacks;
+        final ArgumentCaptor<IDhcpEventCallbacks> dhcpEventCbsCaptor =
+                 ArgumentCaptor.forClass(IDhcpEventCallbacks.class);
+        // Run local only tethering.
+        mTethering.interfaceStatusChanged(TEST_P2P_IFNAME, true);
+        sendWifiP2pConnectionChanged(true, true, TEST_P2P_IFNAME);
+        verify(mDhcpServer, timeout(DHCPSERVER_START_TIMEOUT_MS)).startWithCallbacks(
+                any(), dhcpEventCbsCaptor.capture());
+        eventCallbacks = dhcpEventCbsCaptor.getValue();
+        // Update lease for local only tethering.
+        final MacAddress testMac1 = MacAddress.fromString("11:11:11:11:11:11");
+        final ArrayList<DhcpLeaseParcelable> p2pLeases = new ArrayList<>();
+        p2pLeases.add(createDhcpLeaseParcelable("clientId1", testMac1, "192.168.50.24", 24,
+                Long.MAX_VALUE, "test1"));
+        notifyDhcpLeasesChanged(p2pLeases, eventCallbacks);
+        final List<TetheredClient> clients = toTetheredClients(p2pLeases, TETHERING_WIFI_P2P);
+        callback.expectTetheredClientChanged(clients);
+        reset(mDhcpServer);
+
+        // Run wifi tethering.
+        mTethering.interfaceStatusChanged(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, true);
+        sendWifiApStateChanged(WIFI_AP_STATE_ENABLED, TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, IFACE_IP_MODE_TETHERED);
+        verify(mDhcpServer, timeout(DHCPSERVER_START_TIMEOUT_MS)).startWithCallbacks(
+                any(), dhcpEventCbsCaptor.capture());
+        eventCallbacks = dhcpEventCbsCaptor.getValue();
+        // Update mac address from softAp callback before getting dhcp lease.
+        final ArrayList<WifiClient> wifiClients = new ArrayList<>();
+        final MacAddress testMac2 = MacAddress.fromString("22:22:22:22:22:22");
+        final WifiClient testClient = mock(WifiClient.class);
+        when(testClient.getMacAddress()).thenReturn(testMac2);
+        wifiClients.add(testClient);
+        mSoftApCallback.onConnectedClientsChanged(wifiClients);
+        final TetheredClient noAddrClient = new TetheredClient(testMac2,
+                Collections.emptyList() /* addresses */, TETHERING_WIFI);
+        clients.add(noAddrClient);
+        callback.expectTetheredClientChanged(clients);
+
+        // Update dhcp lease for wifi tethering.
+        clients.remove(noAddrClient);
+        final ArrayList<DhcpLeaseParcelable> wifiLeases = new ArrayList<>();
+        wifiLeases.add(createDhcpLeaseParcelable("clientId2", testMac2, "192.168.43.24", 24,
+                Long.MAX_VALUE, "test2"));
+        notifyDhcpLeasesChanged(wifiLeases, eventCallbacks);
+        clients.addAll(toTetheredClients(wifiLeases, TETHERING_WIFI));
+        callback.expectTetheredClientChanged(clients);
+
+        // Test onStarted callback that register second callback when tethering is running.
+        TestTetheringEventCallback callback2 = new TestTetheringEventCallback();
+        runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () -> {
+            mTethering.registerTetheringEventCallback(callback2);
+            mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        });
+        callback2.expectTetheredClientChanged(clients);
+    }
+
+    private void notifyDhcpLeasesChanged(List<DhcpLeaseParcelable> leaseParcelables,
+            IDhcpEventCallbacks callback) throws Exception {
+        callback.onLeasesChanged(leaseParcelables);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+    }
+
+    private List<TetheredClient> toTetheredClients(List<DhcpLeaseParcelable> leaseParcelables,
+            int type) throws Exception {
+        final ArrayList<TetheredClient> leases = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (DhcpLeaseParcelable lease : leaseParcelables) {
+            final LinkAddress address = new LinkAddress(
+                    intToInet4AddressHTH(lease.netAddr), lease.prefixLength,
+                    0 /* flags */, RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE /* as per RFC6724#3.2 */,
+                    lease.expTime /* deprecationTime */, lease.expTime /* expirationTime */);
+
+            final MacAddress macAddress = MacAddress.fromBytes(lease.hwAddr);
+
+            final AddressInfo addressInfo = new TetheredClient.AddressInfo(address, lease.hostname);
+            leases.add(new TetheredClient(
+                    macAddress,
+                    Collections.singletonList(addressInfo),
+                    type));
+        }
+
+        return leases;
+    }
+
+    private DhcpLeaseParcelable createDhcpLeaseParcelable(final String clientId,
+            final MacAddress hwAddr, final String netAddr, final int prefixLength,
+            final long expTime, final String hostname) throws Exception {
+        final DhcpLeaseParcelable lease = new DhcpLeaseParcelable();
+        lease.clientId = clientId.getBytes();
+        lease.hwAddr = hwAddr.toByteArray();
+        lease.netAddr = inet4AddressToIntHTH(
+                (Inet4Address) InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(netAddr));
+        lease.prefixLength = prefixLength;
+        lease.expTime = expTime;
+        lease.hostname = hostname;
+
+        return lease;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBluetoothTethering() throws Exception {
+        // Switch to @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2) when it is available for AOSP.
+        assumeTrue(isAtLeastT());
+
+        final ResultListener result = new ResultListener(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
+        mockBluetoothSettings(true /* bluetoothOn */, true /* tetheringOn */);
+        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH), result);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verifySetBluetoothTethering(true /* enable */, true /* bindToPanService */);
+        result.assertHasResult();
+
+        mTetheredInterfaceCallbackShim.onAvailable(TEST_BT_IFNAME);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verifyNetdCommandForBtSetup();
+
+        // If PAN disconnect, tethering should also be stopped.
+        mTetheredInterfaceCallbackShim.onUnavailable();
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verifyNetdCommandForBtTearDown();
+
+        // Tethering could restart if PAN reconnect.
+        mTetheredInterfaceCallbackShim.onAvailable(TEST_BT_IFNAME);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verifyNetdCommandForBtSetup();
+
+        // Pretend that bluetooth tethering was disabled.
+        mockBluetoothSettings(true /* bluetoothOn */, false /* tetheringOn */);
+        mTethering.stopTethering(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verifySetBluetoothTethering(false /* enable */, false /* bindToPanService */);
+
+        verifyNetdCommandForBtTearDown();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBluetoothTetheringBeforeT() throws Exception {
+        // Switch to @IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2) when it is available for AOSP.
+        assumeFalse(isAtLeastT());
+
+        final ResultListener result = new ResultListener(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
+        mockBluetoothSettings(true /* bluetoothOn */, true /* tetheringOn */);
+        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH), result);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verifySetBluetoothTethering(true /* enable */, true /* bindToPanService */);
+        result.assertHasResult();
+
+        mTethering.interfaceAdded(TEST_BT_IFNAME);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        mTethering.interfaceStatusChanged(TEST_BT_IFNAME, false);
+        mTethering.interfaceStatusChanged(TEST_BT_IFNAME, true);
+        final ResultListener tetherResult = new ResultListener(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
+        mTethering.tether(TEST_BT_IFNAME, IpServer.STATE_TETHERED, tetherResult);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        tetherResult.assertHasResult();
+
+        verifyNetdCommandForBtSetup();
+
+        // Turning tethering on a second time does not bind to the PAN service again, since it's
+        // already bound.
+        mockBluetoothSettings(true /* bluetoothOn */, true /* tetheringOn */);
+        final ResultListener secondResult = new ResultListener(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
+        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH), secondResult);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verifySetBluetoothTethering(true /* enable */, false /* bindToPanService */);
+        secondResult.assertHasResult();
+
+        mockBluetoothSettings(true /* bluetoothOn */, false /* tetheringOn */);
+        mTethering.stopTethering(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        final ResultListener untetherResult = new ResultListener(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
+        mTethering.untether(TEST_BT_IFNAME, untetherResult);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        untetherResult.assertHasResult();
+        verifySetBluetoothTethering(false /* enable */, false /* bindToPanService */);
+
+        verifyNetdCommandForBtTearDown();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBluetoothServiceDisconnects() throws Exception {
+        final ResultListener result = new ResultListener(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
+        mockBluetoothSettings(true /* bluetoothOn */, true /* tetheringOn */);
+        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH), result);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        ServiceListener panListener = verifySetBluetoothTethering(true /* enable */,
+                true /* bindToPanService */);
+        result.assertHasResult();
+
+        mTethering.interfaceAdded(TEST_BT_IFNAME);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        if (isAtLeastT()) {
+            mTetheredInterfaceCallbackShim.onAvailable(TEST_BT_IFNAME);
+            mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        } else {
+            mTethering.interfaceStatusChanged(TEST_BT_IFNAME, false);
+            mTethering.interfaceStatusChanged(TEST_BT_IFNAME, true);
+            final ResultListener tetherResult = new ResultListener(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
+            mTethering.tether(TEST_BT_IFNAME, IpServer.STATE_TETHERED, tetherResult);
+            mLooper.dispatchAll();
+            tetherResult.assertHasResult();
+        }
+
+        verifyNetdCommandForBtSetup();
+
+        panListener.onServiceDisconnected(BluetoothProfile.PAN);
+        mTethering.interfaceStatusChanged(TEST_BT_IFNAME, false);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        verifyNetdCommandForBtTearDown();
+    }
+
+    private void mockBluetoothSettings(boolean bluetoothOn, boolean tetheringOn) {
+        when(mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()).thenReturn(bluetoothOn);
+        when(mBluetoothPan.isTetheringOn()).thenReturn(tetheringOn);
+    }
+
+    private void verifyNetdCommandForBtSetup() throws Exception {
+        if (isAtLeastT()) {
+            verify(mNetd).interfaceSetCfg(argThat(cfg -> TEST_BT_IFNAME.equals(cfg.ifName)
+                    && assertContainsFlag(cfg.flags, INetd.IF_STATE_UP)));
+        }
+        verify(mNetd).tetherInterfaceAdd(TEST_BT_IFNAME);
+        verify(mNetd).networkAddInterface(INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID, TEST_BT_IFNAME);
+        verify(mNetd, times(2)).networkAddRoute(eq(INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID), eq(TEST_BT_IFNAME),
+                anyString(), anyString());
+        verify(mNetd).ipfwdEnableForwarding(TETHERING_NAME);
+        verify(mNetd).tetherStartWithConfiguration(any());
+        verify(mNetd, times(2)).networkAddRoute(eq(INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID), eq(TEST_BT_IFNAME),
+                anyString(), anyString());
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd);
+        reset(mNetd);
+    }
+
+    private boolean assertContainsFlag(String[] flags, String match) {
+        for (String flag : flags) {
+            if (flag.equals(match)) return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private void verifyNetdCommandForBtTearDown() throws Exception {
+        verify(mNetd).tetherApplyDnsInterfaces();
+        verify(mNetd).tetherInterfaceRemove(TEST_BT_IFNAME);
+        verify(mNetd).networkRemoveInterface(INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID, TEST_BT_IFNAME);
+        // One is ipv4 address clear (set to 0.0.0.0), another is set interface down which only
+        // happen after T. Before T, the interface configuration control in bluetooth side.
+        verify(mNetd, times(isAtLeastT() ? 2 : 1)).interfaceSetCfg(
+                any(InterfaceConfigurationParcel.class));
+        verify(mNetd).tetherStop();
+        verify(mNetd).ipfwdDisableForwarding(TETHERING_NAME);
+        reset(mNetd);
+    }
+
+    // If bindToPanService is true, this function would return ServiceListener which could notify
+    // PanService is connected or disconnected.
+    private ServiceListener verifySetBluetoothTethering(final boolean enable,
+            final boolean bindToPanService) throws Exception {
+        ServiceListener listener = null;
+        verify(mBluetoothAdapter).isEnabled();
+        if (bindToPanService) {
+            final ArgumentCaptor<ServiceListener> listenerCaptor =
+                    ArgumentCaptor.forClass(ServiceListener.class);
+            verify(mBluetoothAdapter).getProfileProxy(eq(mServiceContext), listenerCaptor.capture(),
+                    eq(BluetoothProfile.PAN));
+            listener = listenerCaptor.getValue();
+            listener.onServiceConnected(BluetoothProfile.PAN, mBluetoothPan);
+            mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        } else {
+            verify(mBluetoothAdapter, never()).getProfileProxy(eq(mServiceContext), any(),
+                    anyInt());
+        }
+
+        if (isAtLeastT()) {
+            if (enable) {
+                final ArgumentCaptor<TetheredInterfaceCallbackShim> callbackCaptor =
+                        ArgumentCaptor.forClass(TetheredInterfaceCallbackShim.class);
+                verify(mBluetoothPanShim).requestTetheredInterface(any(), callbackCaptor.capture());
+                mTetheredInterfaceCallbackShim = callbackCaptor.getValue();
+            } else {
+                verify(mTetheredInterfaceRequestShim).release();
+            }
+        } else {
+            verify(mBluetoothPan).setBluetoothTethering(enable);
+        }
+        verify(mBluetoothPan).isTetheringOn();
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mBluetoothAdapter, mBluetoothPan);
+        reset(mBluetoothAdapter, mBluetoothPan);
+
+        return listener;
+    }
+
+    private void runDualStackUsbTethering(final String expectedIface) throws Exception {
+        when(mNetd.interfaceGetList()).thenReturn(new String[] {expectedIface});
+        when(mRouterAdvertisementDaemon.start())
+                .thenReturn(true);
+        final UpstreamNetworkState upstreamState = buildMobileDualStackUpstreamState();
+        runUsbTethering(upstreamState);
+
+        verify(mNetd).interfaceGetList();
+        verify(mNetd).tetherAddForward(expectedIface, TEST_MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        verify(mNetd).ipfwdAddInterfaceForward(expectedIface, TEST_MOBILE_IFNAME);
+
+        verify(mRouterAdvertisementDaemon).start();
+        verify(mDhcpServer, timeout(DHCPSERVER_START_TIMEOUT_MS)).startWithCallbacks(
+                any(), any());
+        sendIPv6TetherUpdates(upstreamState);
+        assertSetIfaceToDadProxy(1 /* numOfCalls */, TEST_MOBILE_IFNAME /* ifaceName */);
+        verify(mRouterAdvertisementDaemon).buildNewRa(any(), notNull());
+        verify(mNetd).tetherApplyDnsInterfaces();
+    }
+
+    private void forceUsbTetheringUse(final int function) {
+        Settings.Global.putInt(mContentResolver, TETHER_FORCE_USB_FUNCTIONS, function);
+        final ContentObserver observer = mTethering.getSettingsObserverForTest();
+        observer.onChange(false /* selfChange */);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+    }
+
+    private void verifyUsbTetheringStopDueToSettingChange(final String iface) {
+        verify(mUsbManager, times(2)).setCurrentFunctions(UsbManager.FUNCTION_NONE);
+        mTethering.interfaceRemoved(iface);
+        sendUsbBroadcast(true, true, -1 /* no functions enabled */);
+        reset(mUsbManager, mNetd, mDhcpServer, mRouterAdvertisementDaemon,
+                mIPv6TetheringCoordinator, mDadProxy);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUsbFunctionConfigurationChange() throws Exception {
+        // Run TETHERING_NCM.
+        runNcmTethering();
+        verify(mDhcpServer, timeout(DHCPSERVER_START_TIMEOUT_MS).times(1)).startWithCallbacks(
+                any(), any());
+
+        // Change the USB tethering function to NCM. Because the USB tethering function was set to
+        // RNDIS (the default), tethering is stopped.
+        forceUsbTetheringUse(TETHER_USB_NCM_FUNCTION);
+        verifyUsbTetheringStopDueToSettingChange(TEST_NCM_IFNAME);
+
+        // If TETHERING_USB is forced to use ncm function, TETHERING_NCM would no longer be
+        // available.
+        final ResultListener ncmResult = new ResultListener(TETHER_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAIL);
+        mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_NCM), ncmResult);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        ncmResult.assertHasResult();
+
+        // Run TETHERING_USB with ncm configuration.
+        runDualStackUsbTethering(TEST_NCM_IFNAME);
+
+        // Change configuration to rndis.
+        forceUsbTetheringUse(TETHER_USB_RNDIS_FUNCTION);
+        verifyUsbTetheringStopDueToSettingChange(TEST_NCM_IFNAME);
+
+        // Run TETHERING_USB with rndis configuration.
+        runDualStackUsbTethering(TEST_RNDIS_IFNAME);
+        runStopUSBTethering();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTetheringSupported() throws Exception {
+        setTetheringSupported(true /* supported */);
+        updateConfigAndVerifySupported(true /* supported */);
+
+        // Could disable tethering supported by settings.
+        Settings.Global.putInt(mContentResolver, Settings.Global.TETHER_SUPPORTED, 0);
+        updateConfigAndVerifySupported(false /* supported */);
+
+        // Could disable tethering supported by user restriction.
+        setTetheringSupported(true /* supported */);
+        when(mUserManager.hasUserRestriction(
+                UserManager.DISALLOW_CONFIG_TETHERING)).thenReturn(true);
+        updateConfigAndVerifySupported(false /* supported */);
+
+        // Tethering is supported if it has any supported downstream.
+        setTetheringSupported(true /* supported */);
+        when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_tether_usb_regexs))
+                .thenReturn(new String[0]);
+        updateConfigAndVerifySupported(true /* supported */);
+        when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_tether_wifi_regexs))
+                .thenReturn(new String[0]);
+        updateConfigAndVerifySupported(true /* supported */);
+
+
+        if (isAtLeastT()) {
+            when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_tether_bluetooth_regexs))
+                    .thenReturn(new String[0]);
+            updateConfigAndVerifySupported(true /* supported */);
+            when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_tether_wifi_p2p_regexs))
+                    .thenReturn(new String[0]);
+            updateConfigAndVerifySupported(true /* supported */);
+            when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_tether_ncm_regexs))
+                    .thenReturn(new String[0]);
+            updateConfigAndVerifySupported(true /* supported */);
+            mForceEthernetServiceUnavailable = true;
+            updateConfigAndVerifySupported(false /* supported */);
+        } else {
+            when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_tether_bluetooth_regexs))
+                    .thenReturn(new String[0]);
+            updateConfigAndVerifySupported(false /* supported */);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void updateConfigAndVerifySupported(boolean supported) {
+        sendConfigurationChanged();
+        assertEquals(supported, mTethering.isTetheringSupported());
+    }
+    // TODO: Test that a request for hotspot mode doesn't interfere with an
+    // already operating tethering mode interface.
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitorTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitorTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..97cebd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitorTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,709 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_DUN;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_DUN;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
+
+import static com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel.isAtLeastS;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.UpstreamNetworkMonitor.TYPE_NONE;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.anyInt;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.anyString;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.spy;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verifyNoMoreInteractions;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback;
+import android.net.IConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.net.util.SharedLog;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.Message;
+import android.os.test.TestLooper;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.internal.util.State;
+import com.android.internal.util.StateMachine;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TestConnectivityManager.NetworkRequestInfo;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TestConnectivityManager.TestNetworkAgent;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public class UpstreamNetworkMonitorTest {
+    private static final int EVENT_UNM_UPDATE = 1;
+
+    private static final boolean INCLUDES = true;
+    private static final boolean EXCLUDES = false;
+
+    private static final NetworkCapabilities CELL_CAPABILITIES = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+            .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR).addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET).build();
+    private static final NetworkCapabilities DUN_CAPABILITIES = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+            .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR).addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_DUN).build();
+    private static final NetworkCapabilities WIFI_CAPABILITIES = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+            .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI).addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET).build();
+
+    @Mock private Context mContext;
+    @Mock private EntitlementManager mEntitleMgr;
+    @Mock private IConnectivityManager mCS;
+    @Mock private SharedLog mLog;
+
+    private TestStateMachine mSM;
+    private TestConnectivityManager mCM;
+    private UpstreamNetworkMonitor mUNM;
+
+    private final TestLooper mLooper = new TestLooper();
+
+    @Before public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+        reset(mContext);
+        reset(mCS);
+        reset(mLog);
+        when(mLog.forSubComponent(anyString())).thenReturn(mLog);
+        when(mEntitleMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted()).thenReturn(true);
+
+        mCM = spy(new TestConnectivityManager(mContext, mCS));
+        when(mContext.getSystemService(eq(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE))).thenReturn(mCM);
+        mSM = new TestStateMachine(mLooper.getLooper());
+        mUNM = new UpstreamNetworkMonitor(mContext, mSM, mLog, EVENT_UNM_UPDATE);
+    }
+
+    @After public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        if (mSM != null) {
+            mSM.quit();
+            mSM = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStopWithoutStartIsNonFatal() {
+        mUNM.stop();
+        mUNM.stop();
+        mUNM.stop();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDoesNothingBeforeTrackDefaultAndStarted() throws Exception {
+        assertTrue(mCM.hasNoCallbacks());
+        assertFalse(mUNM.mobileNetworkRequested());
+
+        mUNM.setUpstreamConfig(false /* autoUpstream */, true /* dunRequired */);
+        assertTrue(mCM.hasNoCallbacks());
+        mUNM.setUpstreamConfig(false /* autoUpstream */, false /* dunRequired */);
+        assertTrue(mCM.hasNoCallbacks());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDefaultNetworkIsTracked() throws Exception {
+        assertTrue(mCM.hasNoCallbacks());
+        mUNM.startTrackDefaultNetwork(mEntitleMgr);
+
+        mUNM.startObserveAllNetworks();
+        assertEquals(1, mCM.mTrackingDefault.size());
+
+        mUNM.stop();
+        assertTrue(mCM.onlyHasDefaultCallbacks());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testListensForAllNetworks() throws Exception {
+        assertTrue(mCM.mListening.isEmpty());
+
+        mUNM.startTrackDefaultNetwork(mEntitleMgr);
+        mUNM.startObserveAllNetworks();
+        assertFalse(mCM.mListening.isEmpty());
+        assertTrue(mCM.isListeningForAll());
+
+        mUNM.stop();
+        assertTrue(mCM.onlyHasDefaultCallbacks());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCallbacksRegistered() {
+        mUNM.startTrackDefaultNetwork(mEntitleMgr);
+        // Verify the fired default request matches expectation.
+        final ArgumentCaptor<NetworkRequest> requestCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NetworkRequest.class);
+
+        if (isAtLeastS()) {
+            verify(mCM).registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(any(), any());
+        } else {
+            verify(mCM).requestNetwork(
+                    requestCaptor.capture(), any(NetworkCallback.class), any(Handler.class));
+            // For R- devices, Tethering will invoke this function in 2 cases, one is to
+            // request mobile network, the other is to track system default network. Verify
+            // the request is the one tracks default network.
+            assertTrue(TestConnectivityManager.looksLikeDefaultRequest(requestCaptor.getValue()));
+        }
+
+        mUNM.startObserveAllNetworks();
+        verify(mCM, times(1)).registerNetworkCallback(
+                any(NetworkRequest.class), any(NetworkCallback.class), any(Handler.class));
+
+        mUNM.stop();
+        verify(mCM, times(1)).unregisterNetworkCallback(any(NetworkCallback.class));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRequestsMobileNetwork() throws Exception {
+        assertFalse(mUNM.mobileNetworkRequested());
+        assertEquals(0, mCM.mRequested.size());
+
+        mUNM.startObserveAllNetworks();
+        assertFalse(mUNM.mobileNetworkRequested());
+        assertEquals(0, mCM.mRequested.size());
+
+        mUNM.setUpstreamConfig(false /* autoUpstream */, false /* dunRequired */);
+        assertFalse(mUNM.mobileNetworkRequested());
+        assertEquals(0, mCM.mRequested.size());
+
+        mUNM.setTryCell(true);
+        assertTrue(mUNM.mobileNetworkRequested());
+        assertUpstreamTypeRequested(TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI);
+        assertFalse(isDunRequested());
+
+        mUNM.stop();
+        assertFalse(mUNM.mobileNetworkRequested());
+        assertTrue(mCM.hasNoCallbacks());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDuplicateMobileRequestsIgnored() throws Exception {
+        assertFalse(mUNM.mobileNetworkRequested());
+        assertEquals(0, mCM.mRequested.size());
+
+        mUNM.startObserveAllNetworks();
+        verify(mCM, times(1)).registerNetworkCallback(
+                any(NetworkRequest.class), any(NetworkCallback.class), any(Handler.class));
+        assertFalse(mUNM.mobileNetworkRequested());
+        assertEquals(0, mCM.mRequested.size());
+
+        mUNM.setUpstreamConfig(false /* autoUpstream */, true /* dunRequired */);
+        mUNM.setTryCell(true);
+        verify(mCM, times(1)).requestNetwork(
+                any(NetworkRequest.class), anyInt(), anyInt(), any(Handler.class),
+                any(NetworkCallback.class));
+
+        assertTrue(mUNM.mobileNetworkRequested());
+        assertUpstreamTypeRequested(TYPE_MOBILE_DUN);
+        assertTrue(isDunRequested());
+
+        // Try a few things that must not result in any state change.
+        mUNM.setTryCell(true);
+        mUNM.setUpstreamConfig(false /* autoUpstream */, true /* dunRequired */);
+        mUNM.setTryCell(true);
+
+        assertTrue(mUNM.mobileNetworkRequested());
+        assertUpstreamTypeRequested(TYPE_MOBILE_DUN);
+        assertTrue(isDunRequested());
+
+        mUNM.stop();
+        verify(mCM, times(2)).unregisterNetworkCallback(any(NetworkCallback.class));
+
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mCM);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRequestsDunNetwork() throws Exception {
+        assertFalse(mUNM.mobileNetworkRequested());
+        assertEquals(0, mCM.mRequested.size());
+
+        mUNM.startObserveAllNetworks();
+        assertFalse(mUNM.mobileNetworkRequested());
+        assertEquals(0, mCM.mRequested.size());
+
+        mUNM.setUpstreamConfig(false /* autoUpstream */, true /* dunRequired */);
+        assertFalse(mUNM.mobileNetworkRequested());
+        assertEquals(0, mCM.mRequested.size());
+
+        mUNM.setTryCell(true);
+        assertTrue(mUNM.mobileNetworkRequested());
+        assertUpstreamTypeRequested(TYPE_MOBILE_DUN);
+        assertTrue(isDunRequested());
+
+        mUNM.stop();
+        assertFalse(mUNM.mobileNetworkRequested());
+        assertTrue(mCM.hasNoCallbacks());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateMobileRequiresDun() throws Exception {
+        mUNM.startObserveAllNetworks();
+
+        // Test going from no-DUN to DUN correctly re-registers callbacks.
+        mUNM.setUpstreamConfig(false /* autoUpstream */, false /* dunRequired */);
+        mUNM.setTryCell(true);
+        assertTrue(mUNM.mobileNetworkRequested());
+        assertUpstreamTypeRequested(TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI);
+        assertFalse(isDunRequested());
+        mUNM.setUpstreamConfig(false /* autoUpstream */, true /* dunRequired */);
+        assertTrue(mUNM.mobileNetworkRequested());
+        assertUpstreamTypeRequested(TYPE_MOBILE_DUN);
+        assertTrue(isDunRequested());
+
+        // Test going from DUN to no-DUN correctly re-registers callbacks.
+        mUNM.setUpstreamConfig(false /* autoUpstream */, false /* dunRequired */);
+        assertTrue(mUNM.mobileNetworkRequested());
+        assertUpstreamTypeRequested(TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI);
+        assertFalse(isDunRequested());
+
+        mUNM.stop();
+        assertFalse(mUNM.mobileNetworkRequested());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectPreferredUpstreamType() throws Exception {
+        final Collection<Integer> preferredTypes = new ArrayList<>();
+        preferredTypes.add(TYPE_WIFI);
+
+        mUNM.startTrackDefaultNetwork(mEntitleMgr);
+        mUNM.startObserveAllNetworks();
+        // There are no networks, so there is nothing to select.
+        assertSatisfiesLegacyType(TYPE_NONE, mUNM.selectPreferredUpstreamType(preferredTypes));
+
+        final TestNetworkAgent wifiAgent = new TestNetworkAgent(mCM, WIFI_CAPABILITIES);
+        wifiAgent.fakeConnect();
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        // WiFi is up, we should prefer it.
+        assertSatisfiesLegacyType(TYPE_WIFI, mUNM.selectPreferredUpstreamType(preferredTypes));
+        wifiAgent.fakeDisconnect();
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        // There are no networks, so there is nothing to select.
+        assertSatisfiesLegacyType(TYPE_NONE, mUNM.selectPreferredUpstreamType(preferredTypes));
+
+        final TestNetworkAgent cellAgent = new TestNetworkAgent(mCM, CELL_CAPABILITIES);
+        cellAgent.fakeConnect();
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        assertSatisfiesLegacyType(TYPE_NONE, mUNM.selectPreferredUpstreamType(preferredTypes));
+
+        preferredTypes.add(TYPE_MOBILE_DUN);
+        // This is coupled with preferred types in TetheringConfiguration.
+        mUNM.setUpstreamConfig(false /* autoUpstream */, true /* dunRequired */);
+        // DUN is available, but only use regular cell: no upstream selected.
+        assertSatisfiesLegacyType(TYPE_NONE, mUNM.selectPreferredUpstreamType(preferredTypes));
+        preferredTypes.remove(TYPE_MOBILE_DUN);
+        // No WiFi, but our preferred flavour of cell is up.
+        preferredTypes.add(TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI);
+        // This is coupled with preferred types in TetheringConfiguration.
+        mUNM.setUpstreamConfig(false /* autoUpstream */, false /* dunRequired */);
+        assertSatisfiesLegacyType(TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI,
+                mUNM.selectPreferredUpstreamType(preferredTypes));
+        // mobile is not permitted, we should not use HIPRI.
+        when(mEntitleMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted()).thenReturn(false);
+        assertSatisfiesLegacyType(TYPE_NONE, mUNM.selectPreferredUpstreamType(preferredTypes));
+        when(mEntitleMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted()).thenReturn(true);
+        assertSatisfiesLegacyType(TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI,
+                mUNM.selectPreferredUpstreamType(preferredTypes));
+
+        wifiAgent.fakeConnect();
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        // WiFi is up, and we should prefer it over cell.
+        assertSatisfiesLegacyType(TYPE_WIFI, mUNM.selectPreferredUpstreamType(preferredTypes));
+
+        preferredTypes.remove(TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI);
+        preferredTypes.add(TYPE_MOBILE_DUN);
+        // This is coupled with preferred types in TetheringConfiguration.
+        mUNM.setUpstreamConfig(false /* autoUpstream */, true /* dunRequired */);
+        assertSatisfiesLegacyType(TYPE_WIFI, mUNM.selectPreferredUpstreamType(preferredTypes));
+
+        final TestNetworkAgent dunAgent = new TestNetworkAgent(mCM, DUN_CAPABILITIES);
+        dunAgent.fakeConnect();
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        // WiFi is still preferred.
+        assertSatisfiesLegacyType(TYPE_WIFI, mUNM.selectPreferredUpstreamType(preferredTypes));
+
+        // WiFi goes down, cell and DUN are still up but only DUN is preferred.
+        wifiAgent.fakeDisconnect();
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        assertSatisfiesLegacyType(TYPE_MOBILE_DUN,
+                mUNM.selectPreferredUpstreamType(preferredTypes));
+        // mobile is not permitted, we should not use DUN.
+        when(mEntitleMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted()).thenReturn(false);
+        assertSatisfiesLegacyType(TYPE_NONE, mUNM.selectPreferredUpstreamType(preferredTypes));
+        // mobile change back to permitted, DUN should come back
+        when(mEntitleMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted()).thenReturn(true);
+        assertSatisfiesLegacyType(TYPE_MOBILE_DUN,
+                mUNM.selectPreferredUpstreamType(preferredTypes));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetCurrentPreferredUpstream() throws Exception {
+        mUNM.startTrackDefaultNetwork(mEntitleMgr);
+        mUNM.startObserveAllNetworks();
+        mUNM.setUpstreamConfig(true /* autoUpstream */, false /* dunRequired */);
+        mUNM.setTryCell(true);
+
+        // [0] Mobile connects, DUN not required -> mobile selected.
+        final TestNetworkAgent cellAgent = new TestNetworkAgent(mCM, CELL_CAPABILITIES);
+        cellAgent.fakeConnect();
+        mCM.makeDefaultNetwork(cellAgent);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        assertEquals(cellAgent.networkId, mUNM.getCurrentPreferredUpstream().network);
+        assertEquals(0, mCM.mRequested.size());
+
+        // [1] Mobile connects but not permitted -> null selected
+        when(mEntitleMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted()).thenReturn(false);
+        assertEquals(null, mUNM.getCurrentPreferredUpstream());
+        when(mEntitleMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted()).thenReturn(true);
+        assertEquals(0, mCM.mRequested.size());
+
+        // [2] WiFi connects but not validated/promoted to default -> mobile selected.
+        final TestNetworkAgent wifiAgent = new TestNetworkAgent(mCM, WIFI_CAPABILITIES);
+        wifiAgent.fakeConnect();
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        assertEquals(cellAgent.networkId, mUNM.getCurrentPreferredUpstream().network);
+        assertEquals(0, mCM.mRequested.size());
+
+        // [3] WiFi validates and is promoted to the default network -> WiFi selected.
+        mCM.makeDefaultNetwork(wifiAgent);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        assertEquals(wifiAgent.networkId, mUNM.getCurrentPreferredUpstream().network);
+        assertEquals(0, mCM.mRequested.size());
+
+        // [4] DUN required, no other changes -> WiFi still selected
+        mUNM.setUpstreamConfig(false /* autoUpstream */, true /* dunRequired */);
+        assertEquals(wifiAgent.networkId, mUNM.getCurrentPreferredUpstream().network);
+        assertEquals(1, mCM.mRequested.size());
+        assertTrue(isDunRequested());
+
+        // [5] WiFi no longer validated, mobile becomes default, DUN required -> null selected.
+        mCM.makeDefaultNetwork(cellAgent);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        assertEquals(null, mUNM.getCurrentPreferredUpstream());
+        assertEquals(1, mCM.mRequested.size());
+        assertTrue(isDunRequested());
+
+        // [6] DUN network arrives -> DUN selected
+        final TestNetworkAgent dunAgent = new TestNetworkAgent(mCM, CELL_CAPABILITIES);
+        dunAgent.networkCapabilities.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_DUN);
+        dunAgent.networkCapabilities.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
+        dunAgent.fakeConnect();
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        assertEquals(dunAgent.networkId, mUNM.getCurrentPreferredUpstream().network);
+        assertEquals(1, mCM.mRequested.size());
+
+        // [7] Mobile is not permitted -> null selected
+        when(mEntitleMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted()).thenReturn(false);
+        assertEquals(null, mUNM.getCurrentPreferredUpstream());
+        assertEquals(1, mCM.mRequested.size());
+
+        // [7] Mobile is permitted again -> DUN selected
+        when(mEntitleMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted()).thenReturn(true);
+        assertEquals(dunAgent.networkId, mUNM.getCurrentPreferredUpstream().network);
+        assertEquals(1, mCM.mRequested.size());
+
+        // [8] DUN no longer required -> request is withdrawn
+        mUNM.setUpstreamConfig(true /* autoUpstream */, false /* dunRequired */);
+        assertEquals(0, mCM.mRequested.size());
+        assertFalse(isDunRequested());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLocalPrefixes() throws Exception {
+        mUNM.startTrackDefaultNetwork(mEntitleMgr);
+        mUNM.startObserveAllNetworks();
+
+        // [0] Test minimum set of local prefixes.
+        Set<IpPrefix> local = mUNM.getLocalPrefixes();
+        assertTrue(local.isEmpty());
+
+        final Set<String> alreadySeen = new HashSet<>();
+
+        // [1] Pretend Wi-Fi connects.
+        final TestNetworkAgent wifiAgent = new TestNetworkAgent(mCM, WIFI_CAPABILITIES);
+        final LinkProperties wifiLp = wifiAgent.linkProperties;
+        wifiLp.setInterfaceName("wlan0");
+        final String[] wifi_addrs = {
+                "fe80::827a:bfff:fe6f:374d", "100.112.103.18",
+                "2001:db8:4:fd00:827a:bfff:fe6f:374d",
+                "2001:db8:4:fd00:6dea:325a:fdae:4ef4",
+                "fd6a:a640:60bf:e985::123",  // ULA address for good measure.
+        };
+        for (String addrStr : wifi_addrs) {
+            final String cidr = addrStr.contains(":") ? "/64" : "/20";
+            wifiLp.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress(addrStr + cidr));
+        }
+        wifiAgent.fakeConnect();
+        wifiAgent.sendLinkProperties();
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        local = mUNM.getLocalPrefixes();
+        assertPrefixSet(local, INCLUDES, alreadySeen);
+        final String[] wifiLinkPrefixes = {
+                // Link-local prefixes are excluded and dealt with elsewhere.
+                "100.112.96.0/20", "2001:db8:4:fd00::/64", "fd6a:a640:60bf:e985::/64",
+        };
+        assertPrefixSet(local, INCLUDES, wifiLinkPrefixes);
+        Collections.addAll(alreadySeen, wifiLinkPrefixes);
+        assertEquals(alreadySeen.size(), local.size());
+
+        // [2] Pretend mobile connects.
+        final TestNetworkAgent cellAgent = new TestNetworkAgent(mCM, CELL_CAPABILITIES);
+        final LinkProperties cellLp = cellAgent.linkProperties;
+        cellLp.setInterfaceName("rmnet_data0");
+        final String[] cell_addrs = {
+                "10.102.211.48", "2001:db8:0:1:b50e:70d9:10c9:433d",
+        };
+        for (String addrStr : cell_addrs) {
+            final String cidr = addrStr.contains(":") ? "/64" : "/27";
+            cellLp.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress(addrStr + cidr));
+        }
+        cellAgent.fakeConnect();
+        cellAgent.sendLinkProperties();
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        local = mUNM.getLocalPrefixes();
+        assertPrefixSet(local, INCLUDES, alreadySeen);
+        final String[] cellLinkPrefixes = { "10.102.211.32/27", "2001:db8:0:1::/64" };
+        assertPrefixSet(local, INCLUDES, cellLinkPrefixes);
+        Collections.addAll(alreadySeen, cellLinkPrefixes);
+        assertEquals(alreadySeen.size(), local.size());
+
+        // [3] Pretend DUN connects.
+        final TestNetworkAgent dunAgent = new TestNetworkAgent(mCM, DUN_CAPABILITIES);
+        final LinkProperties dunLp = dunAgent.linkProperties;
+        dunLp.setInterfaceName("rmnet_data1");
+        final String[] dun_addrs = {
+                "192.0.2.48", "2001:db8:1:2:b50e:70d9:10c9:433d",
+        };
+        for (String addrStr : dun_addrs) {
+            final String cidr = addrStr.contains(":") ? "/64" : "/27";
+            dunLp.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress(addrStr + cidr));
+        }
+        dunAgent.fakeConnect();
+        dunAgent.sendLinkProperties();
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        local = mUNM.getLocalPrefixes();
+        assertPrefixSet(local, INCLUDES, alreadySeen);
+        final String[] dunLinkPrefixes = { "192.0.2.32/27", "2001:db8:1:2::/64" };
+        assertPrefixSet(local, INCLUDES, dunLinkPrefixes);
+        Collections.addAll(alreadySeen, dunLinkPrefixes);
+        assertEquals(alreadySeen.size(), local.size());
+
+        // [4] Pretend Wi-Fi disconnected.  It's addresses/prefixes should no
+        // longer be included (should be properly removed).
+        wifiAgent.fakeDisconnect();
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        local = mUNM.getLocalPrefixes();
+        assertPrefixSet(local, EXCLUDES, wifiLinkPrefixes);
+        assertPrefixSet(local, INCLUDES, cellLinkPrefixes);
+        assertPrefixSet(local, INCLUDES, dunLinkPrefixes);
+
+        // [5] Pretend mobile disconnected.
+        cellAgent.fakeDisconnect();
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        local = mUNM.getLocalPrefixes();
+        assertPrefixSet(local, EXCLUDES, wifiLinkPrefixes);
+        assertPrefixSet(local, EXCLUDES, cellLinkPrefixes);
+        assertPrefixSet(local, INCLUDES, dunLinkPrefixes);
+
+        // [6] Pretend DUN disconnected.
+        dunAgent.fakeDisconnect();
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        local = mUNM.getLocalPrefixes();
+        assertTrue(local.isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectMobileWhenMobileIsNotDefault() {
+        final Collection<Integer> preferredTypes = new ArrayList<>();
+        // Mobile has higher pirority than wifi.
+        preferredTypes.add(TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI);
+        preferredTypes.add(TYPE_WIFI);
+        mUNM.startTrackDefaultNetwork(mEntitleMgr);
+        mUNM.startObserveAllNetworks();
+        // Setup wifi and make wifi as default network.
+        final TestNetworkAgent wifiAgent = new TestNetworkAgent(mCM, WIFI_CAPABILITIES);
+        wifiAgent.fakeConnect();
+        mCM.makeDefaultNetwork(wifiAgent);
+        // Setup mobile network.
+        final TestNetworkAgent cellAgent = new TestNetworkAgent(mCM, CELL_CAPABILITIES);
+        cellAgent.fakeConnect();
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        assertSatisfiesLegacyType(TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI,
+                mUNM.selectPreferredUpstreamType(preferredTypes));
+        verify(mEntitleMgr, times(1)).maybeRunProvisioning();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLinkAddressChanged() {
+        final String ipv4Addr = "100.112.103.18/24";
+        final String ipv6Addr1 = "2001:db8:4:fd00:827a:bfff:fe6f:374d/64";
+        final String ipv6Addr2 = "2003:aa8:3::123/64";
+        mUNM.startTrackDefaultNetwork(mEntitleMgr);
+        mUNM.startObserveAllNetworks();
+        mUNM.setUpstreamConfig(true /* autoUpstream */, false /* dunRequired */);
+        mUNM.setTryCell(true);
+
+        final TestNetworkAgent cellAgent = new TestNetworkAgent(mCM, CELL_CAPABILITIES);
+        final LinkProperties cellLp = cellAgent.linkProperties;
+        cellLp.setInterfaceName("rmnet0");
+        addLinkAddresses(cellLp, ipv4Addr);
+        cellAgent.fakeConnect();
+        mCM.makeDefaultNetwork(cellAgent);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verifyCurrentLinkProperties(cellAgent);
+        int messageIndex = mSM.messages.size() - 1;
+
+        addLinkAddresses(cellLp, ipv6Addr1);
+        mCM.sendLinkProperties(cellAgent, false /* updateDefaultFirst */);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verifyCurrentLinkProperties(cellAgent);
+        verifyNotifyLinkPropertiesChange(messageIndex);
+        messageIndex = mSM.messages.size() - 1;
+
+        removeLinkAddresses(cellLp, ipv6Addr1);
+        addLinkAddresses(cellLp, ipv6Addr2);
+        mCM.sendLinkProperties(cellAgent, true /* updateDefaultFirst */);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        assertEquals(cellAgent.linkProperties, mUNM.getCurrentPreferredUpstream().linkProperties);
+        verifyCurrentLinkProperties(cellAgent);
+        verifyNotifyLinkPropertiesChange(messageIndex);
+    }
+
+    private void verifyCurrentLinkProperties(TestNetworkAgent agent) {
+        assertEquals(agent.networkId, mUNM.getCurrentPreferredUpstream().network);
+        assertEquals(agent.linkProperties, mUNM.getCurrentPreferredUpstream().linkProperties);
+    }
+
+    private void verifyNotifyLinkPropertiesChange(int lastMessageIndex) {
+        assertEquals(UpstreamNetworkMonitor.EVENT_ON_LINKPROPERTIES,
+                mSM.messages.get(++lastMessageIndex).arg1);
+        assertEquals(UpstreamNetworkMonitor.NOTIFY_LOCAL_PREFIXES,
+                mSM.messages.get(++lastMessageIndex).arg1);
+        assertEquals(lastMessageIndex + 1, mSM.messages.size());
+    }
+
+    private void addLinkAddresses(LinkProperties lp, String... addrs) {
+        for (String addrStr : addrs) {
+            lp.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress(addrStr));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void removeLinkAddresses(LinkProperties lp, String... addrs) {
+        for (String addrStr : addrs) {
+            lp.removeLinkAddress(new LinkAddress(addrStr));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void assertSatisfiesLegacyType(int legacyType, UpstreamNetworkState ns) {
+        if (legacyType == TYPE_NONE) {
+            assertTrue(ns == null);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc =
+                UpstreamNetworkMonitor.networkCapabilitiesForType(legacyType);
+        assertTrue(nc.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(ns.networkCapabilities));
+    }
+
+    private void assertUpstreamTypeRequested(int upstreamType) throws Exception {
+        assertEquals(1, mCM.mRequested.size());
+        assertEquals(1, mCM.mLegacyTypeMap.size());
+        assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(upstreamType),
+                mCM.mLegacyTypeMap.values().iterator().next());
+    }
+
+    private boolean isDunRequested() {
+        for (NetworkRequestInfo nri : mCM.mRequested.values()) {
+            if (nri.request.networkCapabilities.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_DUN)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    public static class TestStateMachine extends StateMachine {
+        public final ArrayList<Message> messages = new ArrayList<>();
+        private final State mLoggingState = new LoggingState();
+
+        class LoggingState extends State {
+            @Override public void enter() {
+                messages.clear();
+            }
+
+            @Override public void exit() {
+                messages.clear();
+            }
+
+            @Override public boolean processMessage(Message msg) {
+                messages.add(msg);
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public TestStateMachine(Looper looper) {
+            super("UpstreamNetworkMonitor.TestStateMachine", looper);
+            addState(mLoggingState);
+            setInitialState(mLoggingState);
+            super.start();
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void assertPrefixSet(Set<IpPrefix> prefixes, boolean expectation, String... expected) {
+        final Set<String> expectedSet = new HashSet<>();
+        Collections.addAll(expectedSet, expected);
+        assertPrefixSet(prefixes, expectation, expectedSet);
+    }
+
+    static void assertPrefixSet(Set<IpPrefix> prefixes, boolean expectation, Set<String> expected) {
+        for (String expectedPrefix : expected) {
+            final String errStr = expectation ? "did not find" : "found";
+            assertEquals(
+                    String.format("Failed expectation: %s prefix: %s", errStr, expectedPrefix),
+                    expectation, prefixes.contains(new IpPrefix(expectedPrefix)));
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/InterfaceSetTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/InterfaceSetTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d52dc0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/InterfaceSetTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering.util;
+
+import static junit.framework.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static junit.framework.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static junit.framework.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public class InterfaceSetTest {
+    @Test
+    public void testNullNamesIgnored() {
+        final InterfaceSet set = new InterfaceSet(null, "if1", null, "if2", null);
+        assertEquals(2, set.ifnames.size());
+        assertTrue(set.ifnames.contains("if1"));
+        assertTrue(set.ifnames.contains("if2"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testToString() {
+        final InterfaceSet set = new InterfaceSet("if1", "if2");
+        final String setString = set.toString();
+        assertTrue(setString.equals("[if1,if2]") || setString.equals("[if2,if1]"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testToString_Empty() {
+        final InterfaceSet set = new InterfaceSet(null, null);
+        assertEquals("[]", set.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEquals() {
+        assertEquals(new InterfaceSet(null, "if1", "if2"), new InterfaceSet("if2", "if1"));
+        assertEquals(new InterfaceSet(null, null), new InterfaceSet());
+        assertFalse(new InterfaceSet("if1", "if3").equals(new InterfaceSet("if1", "if2")));
+        assertFalse(new InterfaceSet("if1", "if2").equals(new InterfaceSet("if1")));
+        assertFalse(new InterfaceSet().equals(null));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/TetheringUtilsTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/TetheringUtilsTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94ce2b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/TetheringUtilsTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering.util;
+
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_USB;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_UNIX;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.EAGAIN;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_CLOEXEC;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_DGRAM;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_NONBLOCK;
+
+import static junit.framework.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static junit.framework.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static junit.framework.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.MacAddress;
+import android.net.TetheringRequestParcel;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.system.Os;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Ipv6Utils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.EthernetHeader;
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.Icmpv6Header;
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.Ipv6Header;
+import com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public class TetheringUtilsTest {
+    private static final LinkAddress TEST_SERVER_ADDR = new LinkAddress("192.168.43.1/24");
+    private static final LinkAddress TEST_CLIENT_ADDR = new LinkAddress("192.168.43.5/24");
+    private static final int PACKET_SIZE = 1500;
+
+    private TetheringRequestParcel mTetheringRequest;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() {
+        mTetheringRequest = makeTetheringRequestParcel();
+    }
+
+    public TetheringRequestParcel makeTetheringRequestParcel() {
+        final TetheringRequestParcel request = new TetheringRequestParcel();
+        request.tetheringType = TETHERING_WIFI;
+        request.localIPv4Address = TEST_SERVER_ADDR;
+        request.staticClientAddress = TEST_CLIENT_ADDR;
+        request.exemptFromEntitlementCheck = false;
+        request.showProvisioningUi = true;
+        return request;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIsTetheringRequestEquals() {
+        TetheringRequestParcel request = makeTetheringRequestParcel();
+
+        assertTrue(TetheringUtils.isTetheringRequestEquals(mTetheringRequest, mTetheringRequest));
+        assertTrue(TetheringUtils.isTetheringRequestEquals(mTetheringRequest, request));
+        assertTrue(TetheringUtils.isTetheringRequestEquals(null, null));
+        assertFalse(TetheringUtils.isTetheringRequestEquals(mTetheringRequest, null));
+        assertFalse(TetheringUtils.isTetheringRequestEquals(null, mTetheringRequest));
+
+        request = makeTetheringRequestParcel();
+        request.tetheringType = TETHERING_USB;
+        assertFalse(TetheringUtils.isTetheringRequestEquals(mTetheringRequest, request));
+
+        request = makeTetheringRequestParcel();
+        request.localIPv4Address = null;
+        request.staticClientAddress = null;
+        assertFalse(TetheringUtils.isTetheringRequestEquals(mTetheringRequest, request));
+
+        request = makeTetheringRequestParcel();
+        request.exemptFromEntitlementCheck = true;
+        assertFalse(TetheringUtils.isTetheringRequestEquals(mTetheringRequest, request));
+
+        request = makeTetheringRequestParcel();
+        request.showProvisioningUi = false;
+        assertFalse(TetheringUtils.isTetheringRequestEquals(mTetheringRequest, request));
+
+        request = makeTetheringRequestParcel();
+        request.connectivityScope = CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL;
+        assertFalse(TetheringUtils.isTetheringRequestEquals(mTetheringRequest, request));
+
+        MiscAsserts.assertFieldCountEquals(6, TetheringRequestParcel.class);
+    }
+
+    // Writes the specified packet to a filedescriptor, skipping the Ethernet header.
+    // Needed because the Ipv6Utils methods for building packets always include the Ethernet header,
+    // but socket filters applied by TetheringUtils expect the packet to start from the IP header.
+    private int writePacket(FileDescriptor fd, ByteBuffer pkt) throws Exception {
+        pkt.flip();
+        int offset = Struct.getSize(EthernetHeader.class);
+        int len = pkt.capacity() - offset;
+        return Os.write(fd, pkt.array(), offset, len);
+    }
+
+    // Reads a packet from the filedescriptor.
+    private ByteBuffer readIpPacket(FileDescriptor fd) throws Exception {
+        ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(PACKET_SIZE);
+        Os.read(fd, buf);
+        return buf;
+    }
+
+    private interface SocketFilter {
+        void apply(FileDescriptor fd) throws Exception;
+    }
+
+    private ByteBuffer checkIcmpSocketFilter(ByteBuffer passed, ByteBuffer dropped,
+            SocketFilter filter) throws Exception {
+        FileDescriptor in = new FileDescriptor();
+        FileDescriptor out = new FileDescriptor();
+        Os.socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM | SOCK_NONBLOCK | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0, in, out);
+
+        // Before the filter is applied, it doesn't drop anything.
+        int len = writePacket(out, dropped);
+        ByteBuffer received = readIpPacket(in);
+        assertEquals(len, received.position());
+
+        // Install the socket filter. Then write two packets, the first expected to be dropped and
+        // the second expected to be passed. Check that only the second makes it through.
+        filter.apply(in);
+        writePacket(out, dropped);
+        len = writePacket(out, passed);
+        received = readIpPacket(in);
+        assertEquals(len, received.position());
+        received.flip();
+
+        // Check there are no more packets to read.
+        try {
+            readIpPacket(in);
+        } catch (ErrnoException expected) {
+            assertEquals(EAGAIN, expected.errno);
+        }
+
+        return received;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIcmpSocketFilters() throws Exception {
+        MacAddress mac1 = MacAddress.fromString("11:22:33:44:55:66");
+        MacAddress mac2 = MacAddress.fromString("aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff");
+        Inet6Address ll1 = (Inet6Address) InetAddress.getByName("fe80::1");
+        Inet6Address ll2 = (Inet6Address) InetAddress.getByName("fe80::abcd");
+        Inet6Address allRouters = NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_ADDR_ALL_ROUTERS_MULTICAST;
+
+        final ByteBuffer na = Ipv6Utils.buildNaPacket(mac1, mac2, ll1, ll2, 0, ll1);
+        final ByteBuffer ns = Ipv6Utils.buildNsPacket(mac1, mac2, ll1, ll2, ll1);
+        final ByteBuffer rs = Ipv6Utils.buildRsPacket(mac1, mac2, ll1, allRouters);
+
+        ByteBuffer received = checkIcmpSocketFilter(na /* passed */, rs /* dropped */,
+                TetheringUtils::setupNaSocket);
+
+        Struct.parse(Ipv6Header.class, received);  // Skip IPv6 header.
+        Icmpv6Header icmpv6 = Struct.parse(Icmpv6Header.class, received);
+        assertEquals(NetworkStackConstants.ICMPV6_NEIGHBOR_ADVERTISEMENT, icmpv6.type);
+
+        received = checkIcmpSocketFilter(ns /* passed */, rs /* dropped */,
+                TetheringUtils::setupNsSocket);
+
+        Struct.parse(Ipv6Header.class, received);  // Skip IPv6 header.
+        icmpv6 = Struct.parse(Icmpv6Header.class, received);
+        assertEquals(NetworkStackConstants.ICMPV6_NEIGHBOR_SOLICITATION, icmpv6.type);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/VersionedBroadcastListenerTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/VersionedBroadcastListenerTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7dc66e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/VersionedBroadcastListenerTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering.util;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.IntentFilter;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.internal.util.test.BroadcastInterceptingContext;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public class VersionedBroadcastListenerTest {
+    private static final String TAG = VersionedBroadcastListenerTest.class.getSimpleName();
+    private static final String ACTION_TEST = "action.test.happy.broadcasts";
+
+    @Mock private Context mContext;
+    private BroadcastInterceptingContext mServiceContext;
+    private Handler mHandler;
+    private VersionedBroadcastListener mListener;
+    private int mCallbackCount;
+
+    private void doCallback() {
+        mCallbackCount++;
+    }
+
+    private class MockContext extends BroadcastInterceptingContext {
+        MockContext(Context base) {
+            super(base);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void setUpBeforeClass() throws Exception {
+        if (Looper.myLooper() == null) {
+            Looper.prepare();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Before public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+        reset(mContext);
+        mServiceContext = new MockContext(mContext);
+        mHandler = new Handler(Looper.myLooper());
+        mCallbackCount = 0;
+        final IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
+        filter.addAction(ACTION_TEST);
+        mListener = new VersionedBroadcastListener(
+                TAG, mServiceContext, mHandler, filter, (Intent intent) -> doCallback());
+    }
+
+    @After public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        if (mListener != null) {
+            mListener.stopListening();
+            mListener = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void sendBroadcast() {
+        final Intent intent = new Intent(ACTION_TEST);
+        mServiceContext.sendStickyBroadcastAsUser(intent, UserHandle.ALL);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBasicListening() {
+        assertEquals(0, mCallbackCount);
+        mListener.startListening();
+        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+            sendBroadcast();
+            assertEquals(i + 1, mCallbackCount);
+        }
+        mListener.stopListening();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBroadcastsBeforeStartAreIgnored() {
+        assertEquals(0, mCallbackCount);
+        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+            sendBroadcast();
+            assertEquals(0, mCallbackCount);
+        }
+
+        mListener.startListening();
+        sendBroadcast();
+        assertEquals(1, mCallbackCount);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBroadcastsAfterStopAreIgnored() {
+        mListener.startListening();
+        sendBroadcast();
+        assertEquals(1, mCallbackCount);
+        mListener.stopListening();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+            sendBroadcast();
+            assertEquals(1, mCallbackCount);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/bpf_progs/Android.bp b/bpf_progs/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6718402
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bpf_progs/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+//
+// struct definitions shared with JNI
+//
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+cc_library_headers {
+    name: "bpf_connectivity_headers",
+    vendor_available: false,
+    host_supported: false,
+    header_libs: ["bpf_headers"],
+    export_header_lib_headers: ["bpf_headers"],
+    export_include_dirs: ["."],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+    ],
+    sdk_version: "30",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+    apex_available: [
+        "//apex_available:platform",
+        "com.android.tethering",
+        ],
+    visibility: [
+        // TODO: remove it when NetworkStatsService is moved into the mainline module and no more
+        // calls to JNI in libservices.core.
+        "//frameworks/base/services/core/jni",
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/netd",
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/service",
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/service/native/libs/libclat",
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/Tethering",
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/service/native",
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats",
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/tests/unit/jni",
+        "//system/netd/server",
+        "//system/netd/tests",
+    ],
+}
+
+//
+// bpf kernel programs
+//
+bpf {
+    name: "dscp_policy.o",
+    srcs: ["dscp_policy.c"],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+    ],
+    sub_dir: "net_shared",
+}
+
+bpf {
+    name: "offload.o",
+    srcs: ["offload.c"],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+    ],
+}
+
+bpf {
+    name: "test.o",
+    srcs: ["test.c"],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+    ],
+}
+
+bpf {
+    name: "clatd.o_mainline",
+    srcs: ["clatd.c"],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+    ],
+    include_dirs: [
+        "frameworks/libs/net/common/netd/libnetdutils/include",
+    ],
+    sub_dir: "net_shared",
+}
+
+bpf {
+    name: "netd.o_mainline",
+    srcs: ["netd.c"],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+    ],
+    include_dirs: [
+        "frameworks/libs/net/common/netd/libnetdutils/include",
+    ],
+    sub_dir: "net_shared",
+}
diff --git a/bpf_progs/bpf_net_helpers.h b/bpf_progs/bpf_net_helpers.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c798580
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bpf_progs/bpf_net_helpers.h
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <linux/bpf.h>
+#include <linux/if_packet.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+// this returns 0 iff skb->sk is NULL
+static uint64_t (*bpf_get_socket_cookie)(struct __sk_buff* skb) = (void*)BPF_FUNC_get_socket_cookie;
+
+static uint32_t (*bpf_get_socket_uid)(struct __sk_buff* skb) = (void*)BPF_FUNC_get_socket_uid;
+
+static int (*bpf_skb_pull_data)(struct __sk_buff* skb, __u32 len) = (void*)BPF_FUNC_skb_pull_data;
+
+static int (*bpf_skb_load_bytes)(struct __sk_buff* skb, int off, void* to,
+                                 int len) = (void*)BPF_FUNC_skb_load_bytes;
+
+static int (*bpf_skb_store_bytes)(struct __sk_buff* skb, __u32 offset, const void* from, __u32 len,
+                                  __u64 flags) = (void*)BPF_FUNC_skb_store_bytes;
+
+static int64_t (*bpf_csum_diff)(__be32* from, __u32 from_size, __be32* to, __u32 to_size,
+                                __wsum seed) = (void*)BPF_FUNC_csum_diff;
+
+static int64_t (*bpf_csum_update)(struct __sk_buff* skb, __wsum csum) = (void*)BPF_FUNC_csum_update;
+
+static int (*bpf_skb_change_proto)(struct __sk_buff* skb, __be16 proto,
+                                   __u64 flags) = (void*)BPF_FUNC_skb_change_proto;
+static int (*bpf_l3_csum_replace)(struct __sk_buff* skb, __u32 offset, __u64 from, __u64 to,
+                                  __u64 flags) = (void*)BPF_FUNC_l3_csum_replace;
+static int (*bpf_l4_csum_replace)(struct __sk_buff* skb, __u32 offset, __u64 from, __u64 to,
+                                  __u64 flags) = (void*)BPF_FUNC_l4_csum_replace;
+static int (*bpf_redirect)(__u32 ifindex, __u64 flags) = (void*)BPF_FUNC_redirect;
+static int (*bpf_redirect_map)(const struct bpf_map_def* map, __u32 key,
+                               __u64 flags) = (void*)BPF_FUNC_redirect_map;
+
+static int (*bpf_skb_change_head)(struct __sk_buff* skb, __u32 head_room,
+                                  __u64 flags) = (void*)BPF_FUNC_skb_change_head;
+static int (*bpf_skb_adjust_room)(struct __sk_buff* skb, __s32 len_diff, __u32 mode,
+                                  __u64 flags) = (void*)BPF_FUNC_skb_adjust_room;
+
+// Android only supports little endian architectures
+#define htons(x) (__builtin_constant_p(x) ? ___constant_swab16(x) : __builtin_bswap16(x))
+#define htonl(x) (__builtin_constant_p(x) ? ___constant_swab32(x) : __builtin_bswap32(x))
+#define ntohs(x) htons(x)
+#define ntohl(x) htonl(x)
+
+static inline __always_inline __unused bool is_received_skb(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    return skb->pkt_type == PACKET_HOST || skb->pkt_type == PACKET_BROADCAST ||
+           skb->pkt_type == PACKET_MULTICAST;
+}
+
+// try to make the first 'len' header bytes readable via direct packet access
+static inline __always_inline void try_make_readable(struct __sk_buff* skb, int len) {
+    if (len > skb->len) len = skb->len;
+    if (skb->data_end - skb->data < len) bpf_skb_pull_data(skb, len);
+}
diff --git a/bpf_progs/bpf_shared.h b/bpf_progs/bpf_shared.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ddc7b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bpf_progs/bpf_shared.h
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <linux/if.h>
+#include <linux/if_ether.h>
+#include <linux/in.h>
+#include <linux/in6.h>
+
+// This header file is shared by eBPF kernel programs (C) and netd (C++) and
+// some of the maps are also accessed directly from Java mainline module code.
+//
+// Hence: explicitly pad all relevant structures and assert that their size
+// is the sum of the sizes of their fields.
+#define STRUCT_SIZE(name, size) _Static_assert(sizeof(name) == (size), "Incorrect struct size.")
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t uid;
+    uint32_t tag;
+} UidTagValue;
+STRUCT_SIZE(UidTagValue, 2 * 4);  // 8
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t uid;
+    uint32_t tag;
+    uint32_t counterSet;
+    uint32_t ifaceIndex;
+} StatsKey;
+STRUCT_SIZE(StatsKey, 4 * 4);  // 16
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint64_t rxPackets;
+    uint64_t rxBytes;
+    uint64_t txPackets;
+    uint64_t txBytes;
+} StatsValue;
+STRUCT_SIZE(StatsValue, 4 * 8);  // 32
+
+typedef struct {
+    char name[IFNAMSIZ];
+} IfaceValue;
+STRUCT_SIZE(IfaceValue, 16);
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint64_t rxBytes;
+    uint64_t rxPackets;
+    uint64_t txBytes;
+    uint64_t txPackets;
+    uint64_t tcpRxPackets;
+    uint64_t tcpTxPackets;
+} Stats;
+
+// Since we cannot garbage collect the stats map since device boot, we need to make these maps as
+// large as possible. The maximum size of number of map entries we can have is depend on the rlimit
+// of MEM_LOCK granted to netd. The memory space needed by each map can be calculated by the
+// following fomula:
+//      elem_size = 40 + roundup(key_size, 8) + roundup(value_size, 8)
+//      cost = roundup_pow_of_two(max_entries) * 16 + elem_size * max_entries +
+//              elem_size * number_of_CPU
+// And the cost of each map currently used is(assume the device have 8 CPUs):
+// cookie_tag_map:      key:  8 bytes, value:  8 bytes, cost:  822592 bytes    =   823Kbytes
+// uid_counter_set_map: key:  4 bytes, value:  1 bytes, cost:  145216 bytes    =   145Kbytes
+// app_uid_stats_map:   key:  4 bytes, value: 32 bytes, cost: 1062784 bytes    =  1063Kbytes
+// uid_stats_map:       key: 16 bytes, value: 32 bytes, cost: 1142848 bytes    =  1143Kbytes
+// tag_stats_map:       key: 16 bytes, value: 32 bytes, cost: 1142848 bytes    =  1143Kbytes
+// iface_index_name_map:key:  4 bytes, value: 16 bytes, cost:   80896 bytes    =    81Kbytes
+// iface_stats_map:     key:  4 bytes, value: 32 bytes, cost:   97024 bytes    =    97Kbytes
+// dozable_uid_map:     key:  4 bytes, value:  1 bytes, cost:  145216 bytes    =   145Kbytes
+// standby_uid_map:     key:  4 bytes, value:  1 bytes, cost:  145216 bytes    =   145Kbytes
+// powersave_uid_map:   key:  4 bytes, value:  1 bytes, cost:  145216 bytes    =   145Kbytes
+// total:                                                                         4930Kbytes
+// It takes maximum 4.9MB kernel memory space if all maps are full, which requires any devices
+// running this module to have a memlock rlimit to be larger then 5MB. In the old qtaguid module,
+// we don't have a total limit for data entries but only have limitation of tags each uid can have.
+// (default is 1024 in kernel);
+
+// 'static' - otherwise these constants end up in .rodata in the resulting .o post compilation
+static const int COOKIE_UID_MAP_SIZE = 10000;
+static const int UID_COUNTERSET_MAP_SIZE = 2000;
+static const int APP_STATS_MAP_SIZE = 10000;
+static const int STATS_MAP_SIZE = 5000;
+static const int IFACE_INDEX_NAME_MAP_SIZE = 1000;
+static const int IFACE_STATS_MAP_SIZE = 1000;
+static const int CONFIGURATION_MAP_SIZE = 2;
+static const int UID_OWNER_MAP_SIZE = 2000;
+
+#define BPF_PATH "/sys/fs/bpf/"
+
+#define BPF_EGRESS_PROG_PATH BPF_PATH "prog_netd_cgroupskb_egress_stats"
+#define BPF_INGRESS_PROG_PATH BPF_PATH "prog_netd_cgroupskb_ingress_stats"
+#define XT_BPF_INGRESS_PROG_PATH BPF_PATH "prog_netd_skfilter_ingress_xtbpf"
+#define XT_BPF_EGRESS_PROG_PATH BPF_PATH "prog_netd_skfilter_egress_xtbpf"
+#define XT_BPF_ALLOWLIST_PROG_PATH BPF_PATH "prog_netd_skfilter_allowlist_xtbpf"
+#define XT_BPF_DENYLIST_PROG_PATH BPF_PATH "prog_netd_skfilter_denylist_xtbpf"
+#define CGROUP_SOCKET_PROG_PATH BPF_PATH "prog_netd_cgroupsock_inet_create"
+
+#define TC_BPF_INGRESS_ACCOUNT_PROG_NAME "prog_netd_schedact_ingress_account"
+#define TC_BPF_INGRESS_ACCOUNT_PROG_PATH BPF_PATH TC_BPF_INGRESS_ACCOUNT_PROG_NAME
+
+#define COOKIE_TAG_MAP_PATH BPF_PATH "map_netd_cookie_tag_map"
+#define UID_COUNTERSET_MAP_PATH BPF_PATH "map_netd_uid_counterset_map"
+#define APP_UID_STATS_MAP_PATH BPF_PATH "map_netd_app_uid_stats_map"
+#define STATS_MAP_A_PATH BPF_PATH "map_netd_stats_map_A"
+#define STATS_MAP_B_PATH BPF_PATH "map_netd_stats_map_B"
+#define IFACE_INDEX_NAME_MAP_PATH BPF_PATH "map_netd_iface_index_name_map"
+#define IFACE_STATS_MAP_PATH BPF_PATH "map_netd_iface_stats_map"
+#define CONFIGURATION_MAP_PATH BPF_PATH "map_netd_configuration_map"
+#define UID_OWNER_MAP_PATH BPF_PATH "map_netd_uid_owner_map"
+#define UID_PERMISSION_MAP_PATH BPF_PATH "map_netd_uid_permission_map"
+
+enum UidOwnerMatchType {
+    NO_MATCH = 0,
+    HAPPY_BOX_MATCH = (1 << 0),
+    PENALTY_BOX_MATCH = (1 << 1),
+    DOZABLE_MATCH = (1 << 2),
+    STANDBY_MATCH = (1 << 3),
+    POWERSAVE_MATCH = (1 << 4),
+    RESTRICTED_MATCH = (1 << 5),
+    LOW_POWER_STANDBY_MATCH = (1 << 6),
+    IIF_MATCH = (1 << 7),
+};
+
+enum BpfPermissionMatch {
+    BPF_PERMISSION_INTERNET = 1 << 2,
+    BPF_PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS = 1 << 3,
+};
+// In production we use two identical stats maps to record per uid stats and
+// do swap and clean based on the configuration specified here. The statsMapType
+// value in configuration map specified which map is currently in use.
+enum StatsMapType {
+    SELECT_MAP_A,
+    SELECT_MAP_B,
+};
+
+// TODO: change the configuration object from an 8-bit bitmask to an object with clearer
+// semantics, like a struct.
+typedef uint8_t BpfConfig;
+static const BpfConfig DEFAULT_CONFIG = 0;
+
+typedef struct {
+    // Allowed interface index. Only applicable if IIF_MATCH is set in the rule bitmask above.
+    uint32_t iif;
+    // A bitmask of enum values in UidOwnerMatchType.
+    uint32_t rule;
+} UidOwnerValue;
+STRUCT_SIZE(UidOwnerValue, 2 * 4);  // 8
+
+#define UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY 1
+#define CURRENT_STATS_MAP_CONFIGURATION_KEY 2
+
+#define CLAT_INGRESS6_PROG_RAWIP_NAME "prog_clatd_schedcls_ingress6_clat_rawip"
+#define CLAT_INGRESS6_PROG_ETHER_NAME "prog_clatd_schedcls_ingress6_clat_ether"
+
+#define CLAT_INGRESS6_PROG_RAWIP_PATH BPF_PATH CLAT_INGRESS6_PROG_RAWIP_NAME
+#define CLAT_INGRESS6_PROG_ETHER_PATH BPF_PATH CLAT_INGRESS6_PROG_ETHER_NAME
+
+#define CLAT_INGRESS6_MAP_PATH BPF_PATH "map_clatd_clat_ingress6_map"
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t iif;            // The input interface index
+    struct in6_addr pfx96;   // The source /96 nat64 prefix, bottom 32 bits must be 0
+    struct in6_addr local6;  // The full 128-bits of the destination IPv6 address
+} ClatIngress6Key;
+STRUCT_SIZE(ClatIngress6Key, 4 + 2 * 16);  // 36
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t oif;           // The output interface to redirect to (0 means don't redirect)
+    struct in_addr local4;  // The destination IPv4 address
+} ClatIngress6Value;
+STRUCT_SIZE(ClatIngress6Value, 4 + 4);  // 8
+
+#define CLAT_EGRESS4_PROG_RAWIP_NAME "prog_clatd_schedcls_egress4_clat_rawip"
+#define CLAT_EGRESS4_PROG_ETHER_NAME "prog_clatd_schedcls_egress4_clat_ether"
+
+#define CLAT_EGRESS4_PROG_RAWIP_PATH BPF_PATH CLAT_EGRESS4_PROG_RAWIP_NAME
+#define CLAT_EGRESS4_PROG_ETHER_PATH BPF_PATH CLAT_EGRESS4_PROG_ETHER_NAME
+
+#define CLAT_EGRESS4_MAP_PATH BPF_PATH "map_clatd_clat_egress4_map"
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t iif;           // The input interface index
+    struct in_addr local4;  // The source IPv4 address
+} ClatEgress4Key;
+STRUCT_SIZE(ClatEgress4Key, 4 + 4);  // 8
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t oif;            // The output interface to redirect to
+    struct in6_addr local6;  // The full 128-bits of the source IPv6 address
+    struct in6_addr pfx96;   // The destination /96 nat64 prefix, bottom 32 bits must be 0
+    bool oifIsEthernet;      // Whether the output interface requires ethernet header
+    uint8_t pad[3];
+} ClatEgress4Value;
+STRUCT_SIZE(ClatEgress4Value, 4 + 2 * 16 + 1 + 3);  // 40
+
+#undef STRUCT_SIZE
diff --git a/bpf_progs/bpf_tethering.h b/bpf_progs/bpf_tethering.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0ec8f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bpf_progs/bpf_tethering.h
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <linux/if.h>
+#include <linux/if_ether.h>
+#include <linux/in.h>
+#include <linux/in6.h>
+
+// Common definitions for BPF code in the tethering mainline module.
+// These definitions are available to:
+// - The BPF programs in Tethering/bpf_progs/
+// - JNI code that depends on the bpf_connectivity_headers library.
+
+#define BPF_TETHER_ERRORS    \
+    ERR(INVALID_IP_VERSION)  \
+    ERR(LOW_TTL)             \
+    ERR(INVALID_TCP_HEADER)  \
+    ERR(TCP_CONTROL_PACKET)  \
+    ERR(NON_GLOBAL_SRC)      \
+    ERR(NON_GLOBAL_DST)      \
+    ERR(LOCAL_SRC_DST)       \
+    ERR(NO_STATS_ENTRY)      \
+    ERR(NO_LIMIT_ENTRY)      \
+    ERR(BELOW_IPV4_MTU)      \
+    ERR(BELOW_IPV6_MTU)      \
+    ERR(LIMIT_REACHED)       \
+    ERR(CHANGE_HEAD_FAILED)  \
+    ERR(TOO_SHORT)           \
+    ERR(HAS_IP_OPTIONS)      \
+    ERR(IS_IP_FRAG)          \
+    ERR(CHECKSUM)            \
+    ERR(NON_TCP_UDP)         \
+    ERR(NON_TCP)             \
+    ERR(SHORT_L4_HEADER)     \
+    ERR(SHORT_TCP_HEADER)    \
+    ERR(SHORT_UDP_HEADER)    \
+    ERR(UDP_CSUM_ZERO)       \
+    ERR(TRUNCATED_IPV4)      \
+    ERR(_MAX)
+
+#define ERR(x) BPF_TETHER_ERR_ ##x,
+enum {
+    BPF_TETHER_ERRORS
+};
+#undef ERR
+
+#define ERR(x) #x,
+static const char *bpf_tether_errors[] = {
+    BPF_TETHER_ERRORS
+};
+#undef ERR
+
+// This header file is shared by eBPF kernel programs (C) and netd (C++) and
+// some of the maps are also accessed directly from Java mainline module code.
+//
+// Hence: explicitly pad all relevant structures and assert that their size
+// is the sum of the sizes of their fields.
+#define STRUCT_SIZE(name, size) _Static_assert(sizeof(name) == (size), "Incorrect struct size.")
+
+
+#define BPF_PATH_TETHER BPF_PATH "tethering/"
+
+#define TETHER_STATS_MAP_PATH BPF_PATH_TETHER "map_offload_tether_stats_map"
+
+typedef uint32_t TetherStatsKey;  // upstream ifindex
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint64_t rxPackets;
+    uint64_t rxBytes;
+    uint64_t rxErrors;
+    uint64_t txPackets;
+    uint64_t txBytes;
+    uint64_t txErrors;
+} TetherStatsValue;
+STRUCT_SIZE(TetherStatsValue, 6 * 8);  // 48
+
+#define TETHER_LIMIT_MAP_PATH BPF_PATH_TETHER "map_offload_tether_limit_map"
+
+typedef uint32_t TetherLimitKey;    // upstream ifindex
+typedef uint64_t TetherLimitValue;  // in bytes
+
+#define TETHER_DOWNSTREAM6_TC_PROG_RAWIP_NAME "prog_offload_schedcls_tether_downstream6_rawip"
+#define TETHER_DOWNSTREAM6_TC_PROG_ETHER_NAME "prog_offload_schedcls_tether_downstream6_ether"
+
+#define TETHER_DOWNSTREAM6_TC_PROG_RAWIP_PATH BPF_PATH_TETHER TETHER_DOWNSTREAM6_TC_PROG_RAWIP_NAME
+#define TETHER_DOWNSTREAM6_TC_PROG_ETHER_PATH BPF_PATH_TETHER TETHER_DOWNSTREAM6_TC_PROG_ETHER_NAME
+
+#define TETHER_DOWNSTREAM6_MAP_PATH BPF_PATH_TETHER "map_offload_tether_downstream6_map"
+
+// For now tethering offload only needs to support downstreams that use 6-byte MAC addresses,
+// because all downstream types that are currently supported (WiFi, USB, Bluetooth and
+// Ethernet) have 6-byte MAC addresses.
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t iif;              // The input interface index
+    uint8_t dstMac[ETH_ALEN];  // destination ethernet mac address (zeroed iff rawip ingress)
+    uint8_t zero[2];           // zero pad for 8 byte alignment
+    struct in6_addr neigh6;    // The destination IPv6 address
+} TetherDownstream6Key;
+STRUCT_SIZE(TetherDownstream6Key, 4 + 6 + 2 + 16);  // 28
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t oif;             // The output interface to redirect to
+    struct ethhdr macHeader;  // includes dst/src mac and ethertype (zeroed iff rawip egress)
+    uint16_t pmtu;            // The maximum L3 output path/route mtu
+} Tether6Value;
+STRUCT_SIZE(Tether6Value, 4 + 14 + 2);  // 20
+
+#define TETHER_DOWNSTREAM64_MAP_PATH BPF_PATH_TETHER "map_offload_tether_downstream64_map"
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t iif;              // The input interface index
+    uint8_t dstMac[ETH_ALEN];  // destination ethernet mac address (zeroed iff rawip ingress)
+    uint16_t l4Proto;          // IPPROTO_TCP/UDP/...
+    struct in6_addr src6;      // source &
+    struct in6_addr dst6;      // destination IPv6 addresses
+    __be16 srcPort;            // source &
+    __be16 dstPort;            // destination tcp/udp/... ports
+} TetherDownstream64Key;
+STRUCT_SIZE(TetherDownstream64Key, 4 + 6 + 2 + 16 + 16 + 2 + 2);  // 48
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t oif;             // The output interface to redirect to
+    struct ethhdr macHeader;  // includes dst/src mac and ethertype (zeroed iff rawip egress)
+    uint16_t pmtu;            // The maximum L3 output path/route mtu
+    struct in_addr src4;      // source &
+    struct in_addr dst4;      // destination IPv4 addresses
+    __be16 srcPort;           // source &
+    __be16 outPort;           // destination tcp/udp/... ports
+    uint64_t lastUsed;        // Kernel updates on each use with bpf_ktime_get_boot_ns()
+} TetherDownstream64Value;
+STRUCT_SIZE(TetherDownstream64Value, 4 + 14 + 2 + 4 + 4 + 2 + 2 + 8);  // 40
+
+#define TETHER_UPSTREAM6_TC_PROG_RAWIP_NAME "prog_offload_schedcls_tether_upstream6_rawip"
+#define TETHER_UPSTREAM6_TC_PROG_ETHER_NAME "prog_offload_schedcls_tether_upstream6_ether"
+
+#define TETHER_UPSTREAM6_TC_PROG_RAWIP_PATH BPF_PATH_TETHER TETHER_UPSTREAM6_TC_PROG_RAWIP_NAME
+#define TETHER_UPSTREAM6_TC_PROG_ETHER_PATH BPF_PATH_TETHER TETHER_UPSTREAM6_TC_PROG_ETHER_NAME
+
+#define TETHER_UPSTREAM6_MAP_PATH BPF_PATH_TETHER "map_offload_tether_upstream6_map"
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t iif;              // The input interface index
+    uint8_t dstMac[ETH_ALEN];  // destination ethernet mac address (zeroed iff rawip ingress)
+    uint8_t zero[2];           // zero pad for 8 byte alignment
+                               // TODO: extend this to include src ip /64 subnet
+} TetherUpstream6Key;
+STRUCT_SIZE(TetherUpstream6Key, 12);
+
+#define TETHER_DOWNSTREAM4_TC_PROG_RAWIP_NAME "prog_offload_schedcls_tether_downstream4_rawip"
+#define TETHER_DOWNSTREAM4_TC_PROG_ETHER_NAME "prog_offload_schedcls_tether_downstream4_ether"
+
+#define TETHER_DOWNSTREAM4_TC_PROG_RAWIP_PATH BPF_PATH_TETHER TETHER_DOWNSTREAM4_TC_PROG_RAWIP_NAME
+#define TETHER_DOWNSTREAM4_TC_PROG_ETHER_PATH BPF_PATH_TETHER TETHER_DOWNSTREAM4_TC_PROG_ETHER_NAME
+
+#define TETHER_DOWNSTREAM4_MAP_PATH BPF_PATH_TETHER "map_offload_tether_downstream4_map"
+
+
+#define TETHER_UPSTREAM4_TC_PROG_RAWIP_NAME "prog_offload_schedcls_tether_upstream4_rawip"
+#define TETHER_UPSTREAM4_TC_PROG_ETHER_NAME "prog_offload_schedcls_tether_upstream4_ether"
+
+#define TETHER_UPSTREAM4_TC_PROG_RAWIP_PATH BPF_PATH_TETHER TETHER_UPSTREAM4_TC_PROG_RAWIP_NAME
+#define TETHER_UPSTREAM4_TC_PROG_ETHER_PATH BPF_PATH_TETHER TETHER_UPSTREAM4_TC_PROG_ETHER_NAME
+
+#define TETHER_UPSTREAM4_MAP_PATH BPF_PATH_TETHER "map_offload_tether_upstream4_map"
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t iif;              // The input interface index
+    uint8_t dstMac[ETH_ALEN];  // destination ethernet mac address (zeroed iff rawip ingress)
+    uint16_t l4Proto;          // IPPROTO_TCP/UDP/...
+    struct in_addr src4;       // source &
+    struct in_addr dst4;       // destination IPv4 addresses
+    __be16 srcPort;            // source &
+    __be16 dstPort;            // destination TCP/UDP/... ports
+} Tether4Key;
+STRUCT_SIZE(Tether4Key, 4 + 6 + 2 + 4 + 4 + 2 + 2);  // 24
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t oif;             // The output interface to redirect to
+    struct ethhdr macHeader;  // includes dst/src mac and ethertype (zeroed iff rawip egress)
+    uint16_t pmtu;            // Maximum L3 output path/route mtu
+    struct in6_addr src46;    // source &                 (always IPv4 mapped for downstream)
+    struct in6_addr dst46;    // destination IP addresses (may be IPv4 mapped or IPv6 for upstream)
+    __be16 srcPort;           // source &
+    __be16 dstPort;           // destination tcp/udp/... ports
+    uint64_t last_used;       // Kernel updates on each use with bpf_ktime_get_boot_ns()
+} Tether4Value;
+STRUCT_SIZE(Tether4Value, 4 + 14 + 2 + 16 + 16 + 2 + 2 + 8);  // 64
+
+#define TETHER_DOWNSTREAM_XDP_PROG_RAWIP_NAME "prog_offload_xdp_tether_downstream_rawip"
+#define TETHER_DOWNSTREAM_XDP_PROG_ETHER_NAME "prog_offload_xdp_tether_downstream_ether"
+
+#define TETHER_DOWNSTREAM_XDP_PROG_RAWIP_PATH BPF_PATH_TETHER TETHER_DOWNSTREAM_XDP_PROG_RAWIP_NAME
+#define TETHER_DOWNSTREAM_XDP_PROG_ETHER_PATH BPF_PATH_TETHER TETHER_DOWNSTREAM_XDP_PROG_ETHER_NAME
+
+#define TETHER_UPSTREAM_XDP_PROG_RAWIP_NAME "prog_offload_xdp_tether_upstream_rawip"
+#define TETHER_UPSTREAM_XDP_PROG_ETHER_NAME "prog_offload_xdp_tether_upstream_ether"
+
+#define TETHER_UPSTREAM_XDP_PROG_RAWIP_PATH BPF_PATH_TETHER TETHER_UPSTREAM_XDP_PROG_RAWIP_NAME
+#define TETHER_UPSTREAM_XDP_PROG_ETHER_PATH BPF_PATH_TETHER TETHER_UPSTREAM_XDP_PROG_ETHER_NAME
+
+#undef STRUCT_SIZE
diff --git a/bpf_progs/clatd.c b/bpf_progs/clatd.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc646c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bpf_progs/clatd.c
@@ -0,0 +1,322 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/bpf.h>
+#include <linux/if.h>
+#include <linux/if_ether.h>
+#include <linux/in.h>
+#include <linux/in6.h>
+#include <linux/ip.h>
+#include <linux/ipv6.h>
+#include <linux/pkt_cls.h>
+#include <linux/swab.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+// bionic kernel uapi linux/udp.h header is munged...
+#define __kernel_udphdr udphdr
+#include <linux/udp.h>
+
+#include "bpf_helpers.h"
+#include "bpf_net_helpers.h"
+#include "bpf_shared.h"
+
+// From kernel:include/net/ip.h
+#define IP_DF 0x4000  // Flag: "Don't Fragment"
+
+DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRW(clat_ingress6_map, HASH, ClatIngress6Key, ClatIngress6Value, 16, AID_SYSTEM)
+
+static inline __always_inline int nat64(struct __sk_buff* skb, bool is_ethernet) {
+    const int l2_header_size = is_ethernet ? sizeof(struct ethhdr) : 0;
+    void* data = (void*)(long)skb->data;
+    const void* data_end = (void*)(long)skb->data_end;
+    const struct ethhdr* const eth = is_ethernet ? data : NULL;  // used iff is_ethernet
+    const struct ipv6hdr* const ip6 = is_ethernet ? (void*)(eth + 1) : data;
+
+    // Require ethernet dst mac address to be our unicast address.
+    if (is_ethernet && (skb->pkt_type != PACKET_HOST)) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+
+    // Must be meta-ethernet IPv6 frame
+    if (skb->protocol != htons(ETH_P_IPV6)) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+
+    // Must have (ethernet and) ipv6 header
+    if (data + l2_header_size + sizeof(*ip6) > data_end) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+
+    // Ethertype - if present - must be IPv6
+    if (is_ethernet && (eth->h_proto != htons(ETH_P_IPV6))) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+
+    // IP version must be 6
+    if (ip6->version != 6) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+
+    // Maximum IPv6 payload length that can be translated to IPv4
+    if (ntohs(ip6->payload_len) > 0xFFFF - sizeof(struct iphdr)) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+
+    switch (ip6->nexthdr) {
+        case IPPROTO_TCP:  // For TCP & UDP the checksum neutrality of the chosen IPv6
+        case IPPROTO_UDP:  // address means there is no need to update their checksums.
+        case IPPROTO_GRE:  // We do not need to bother looking at GRE/ESP headers,
+        case IPPROTO_ESP:  // since there is never a checksum to update.
+            break;
+
+        default:  // do not know how to handle anything else
+            return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+    }
+
+    ClatIngress6Key k = {
+            .iif = skb->ifindex,
+            .pfx96.in6_u.u6_addr32 =
+                    {
+                            ip6->saddr.in6_u.u6_addr32[0],
+                            ip6->saddr.in6_u.u6_addr32[1],
+                            ip6->saddr.in6_u.u6_addr32[2],
+                    },
+            .local6 = ip6->daddr,
+    };
+
+    ClatIngress6Value* v = bpf_clat_ingress6_map_lookup_elem(&k);
+
+    if (!v) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+
+    struct ethhdr eth2;  // used iff is_ethernet
+    if (is_ethernet) {
+        eth2 = *eth;                     // Copy over the ethernet header (src/dst mac)
+        eth2.h_proto = htons(ETH_P_IP);  // But replace the ethertype
+    }
+
+    struct iphdr ip = {
+            .version = 4,                                                      // u4
+            .ihl = sizeof(struct iphdr) / sizeof(__u32),                       // u4
+            .tos = (ip6->priority << 4) + (ip6->flow_lbl[0] >> 4),             // u8
+            .tot_len = htons(ntohs(ip6->payload_len) + sizeof(struct iphdr)),  // u16
+            .id = 0,                                                           // u16
+            .frag_off = htons(IP_DF),                                          // u16
+            .ttl = ip6->hop_limit,                                             // u8
+            .protocol = ip6->nexthdr,                                          // u8
+            .check = 0,                                                        // u16
+            .saddr = ip6->saddr.in6_u.u6_addr32[3],                            // u32
+            .daddr = v->local4.s_addr,                                         // u32
+    };
+
+    // Calculate the IPv4 one's complement checksum of the IPv4 header.
+    __wsum sum4 = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(ip) / sizeof(__u16); ++i) {
+        sum4 += ((__u16*)&ip)[i];
+    }
+    // Note that sum4 is guaranteed to be non-zero by virtue of ip.version == 4
+    sum4 = (sum4 & 0xFFFF) + (sum4 >> 16);  // collapse u32 into range 1 .. 0x1FFFE
+    sum4 = (sum4 & 0xFFFF) + (sum4 >> 16);  // collapse any potential carry into u16
+    ip.check = (__u16)~sum4;                // sum4 cannot be zero, so this is never 0xFFFF
+
+    // Calculate the *negative* IPv6 16-bit one's complement checksum of the IPv6 header.
+    __wsum sum6 = 0;
+    // We'll end up with a non-zero sum due to ip6->version == 6 (which has '0' bits)
+    for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(*ip6) / sizeof(__u16); ++i) {
+        sum6 += ~((__u16*)ip6)[i];  // note the bitwise negation
+    }
+
+    // Note that there is no L4 checksum update: we are relying on the checksum neutrality
+    // of the ipv6 address chosen by netd's ClatdController.
+
+    // Packet mutations begin - point of no return, but if this first modification fails
+    // the packet is probably still pristine, so let clatd handle it.
+    if (bpf_skb_change_proto(skb, htons(ETH_P_IP), 0)) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+
+    // This takes care of updating the skb->csum field for a CHECKSUM_COMPLETE packet.
+    //
+    // In such a case, skb->csum is a 16-bit one's complement sum of the entire payload,
+    // thus we need to subtract out the ipv6 header's sum, and add in the ipv4 header's sum.
+    // However, by construction of ip.check above the checksum of an ipv4 header is zero.
+    // Thus we only need to subtract the ipv6 header's sum, which is the same as adding
+    // in the sum of the bitwise negation of the ipv6 header.
+    //
+    // bpf_csum_update() always succeeds if the skb is CHECKSUM_COMPLETE and returns an error
+    // (-ENOTSUPP) if it isn't.  So we just ignore the return code.
+    //
+    // if (skb->ip_summed == CHECKSUM_COMPLETE)
+    //   return (skb->csum = csum_add(skb->csum, csum));
+    // else
+    //   return -ENOTSUPP;
+    bpf_csum_update(skb, sum6);
+
+    // bpf_skb_change_proto() invalidates all pointers - reload them.
+    data = (void*)(long)skb->data;
+    data_end = (void*)(long)skb->data_end;
+
+    // I cannot think of any valid way for this error condition to trigger, however I do
+    // believe the explicit check is required to keep the in kernel ebpf verifier happy.
+    if (data + l2_header_size + sizeof(struct iphdr) > data_end) return TC_ACT_SHOT;
+
+    if (is_ethernet) {
+        struct ethhdr* new_eth = data;
+
+        // Copy over the updated ethernet header
+        *new_eth = eth2;
+
+        // Copy over the new ipv4 header.
+        *(struct iphdr*)(new_eth + 1) = ip;
+    } else {
+        // Copy over the new ipv4 header without an ethernet header.
+        *(struct iphdr*)data = ip;
+    }
+
+    // Redirect, possibly back to same interface, so tcpdump sees packet twice.
+    if (v->oif) return bpf_redirect(v->oif, BPF_F_INGRESS);
+
+    // Just let it through, tcpdump will not see IPv4 packet.
+    return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+}
+
+DEFINE_BPF_PROG("schedcls/ingress6/clat_ether", AID_ROOT, AID_SYSTEM, sched_cls_ingress6_clat_ether)
+(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    return nat64(skb, true);
+}
+
+DEFINE_BPF_PROG("schedcls/ingress6/clat_rawip", AID_ROOT, AID_SYSTEM, sched_cls_ingress6_clat_rawip)
+(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    return nat64(skb, false);
+}
+
+DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRW(clat_egress4_map, HASH, ClatEgress4Key, ClatEgress4Value, 16, AID_SYSTEM)
+
+DEFINE_BPF_PROG("schedcls/egress4/clat_ether", AID_ROOT, AID_SYSTEM, sched_cls_egress4_clat_ether)
+(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+}
+
+DEFINE_BPF_PROG("schedcls/egress4/clat_rawip", AID_ROOT, AID_SYSTEM, sched_cls_egress4_clat_rawip)
+(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    void* data = (void*)(long)skb->data;
+    const void* data_end = (void*)(long)skb->data_end;
+    const struct iphdr* const ip4 = data;
+
+    // Must be meta-ethernet IPv4 frame
+    if (skb->protocol != htons(ETH_P_IP)) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+
+    // Must have ipv4 header
+    if (data + sizeof(*ip4) > data_end) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+
+    // IP version must be 4
+    if (ip4->version != 4) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+
+    // We cannot handle IP options, just standard 20 byte == 5 dword minimal IPv4 header
+    if (ip4->ihl != 5) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+
+    // Calculate the IPv4 one's complement checksum of the IPv4 header.
+    __wsum sum4 = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(*ip4) / sizeof(__u16); ++i) {
+        sum4 += ((__u16*)ip4)[i];
+    }
+    // Note that sum4 is guaranteed to be non-zero by virtue of ip4->version == 4
+    sum4 = (sum4 & 0xFFFF) + (sum4 >> 16);  // collapse u32 into range 1 .. 0x1FFFE
+    sum4 = (sum4 & 0xFFFF) + (sum4 >> 16);  // collapse any potential carry into u16
+    // for a correct checksum we should get *a* zero, but sum4 must be positive, ie 0xFFFF
+    if (sum4 != 0xFFFF) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+
+    // Minimum IPv4 total length is the size of the header
+    if (ntohs(ip4->tot_len) < sizeof(*ip4)) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+
+    // We are incapable of dealing with IPv4 fragments
+    if (ip4->frag_off & ~htons(IP_DF)) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+
+    switch (ip4->protocol) {
+        case IPPROTO_TCP:  // For TCP & UDP the checksum neutrality of the chosen IPv6
+        case IPPROTO_GRE:  // address means there is no need to update their checksums.
+        case IPPROTO_ESP:  // We do not need to bother looking at GRE/ESP headers,
+            break;         // since there is never a checksum to update.
+
+        case IPPROTO_UDP:  // See above comment, but must also have UDP header...
+            if (data + sizeof(*ip4) + sizeof(struct udphdr) > data_end) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+            const struct udphdr* uh = (const struct udphdr*)(ip4 + 1);
+            // If IPv4/UDP checksum is 0 then fallback to clatd so it can calculate the
+            // checksum.  Otherwise the network or more likely the NAT64 gateway might
+            // drop the packet because in most cases IPv6/UDP packets with a zero checksum
+            // are invalid. See RFC 6935.  TODO: calculate checksum via bpf_csum_diff()
+            if (!uh->check) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+            break;
+
+        default:  // do not know how to handle anything else
+            return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+    }
+
+    ClatEgress4Key k = {
+            .iif = skb->ifindex,
+            .local4.s_addr = ip4->saddr,
+    };
+
+    ClatEgress4Value* v = bpf_clat_egress4_map_lookup_elem(&k);
+
+    if (!v) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+
+    // Translating without redirecting doesn't make sense.
+    if (!v->oif) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+
+    // This implementation is currently limited to rawip.
+    if (v->oifIsEthernet) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+
+    struct ipv6hdr ip6 = {
+            .version = 6,                                    // __u8:4
+            .priority = ip4->tos >> 4,                       // __u8:4
+            .flow_lbl = {(ip4->tos & 0xF) << 4, 0, 0},       // __u8[3]
+            .payload_len = htons(ntohs(ip4->tot_len) - 20),  // __be16
+            .nexthdr = ip4->protocol,                        // __u8
+            .hop_limit = ip4->ttl,                           // __u8
+            .saddr = v->local6,                              // struct in6_addr
+            .daddr = v->pfx96,                               // struct in6_addr
+    };
+    ip6.daddr.in6_u.u6_addr32[3] = ip4->daddr;
+
+    // Calculate the IPv6 16-bit one's complement checksum of the IPv6 header.
+    __wsum sum6 = 0;
+    // We'll end up with a non-zero sum due to ip6.version == 6
+    for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(ip6) / sizeof(__u16); ++i) {
+        sum6 += ((__u16*)&ip6)[i];
+    }
+
+    // Note that there is no L4 checksum update: we are relying on the checksum neutrality
+    // of the ipv6 address chosen by netd's ClatdController.
+
+    // Packet mutations begin - point of no return, but if this first modification fails
+    // the packet is probably still pristine, so let clatd handle it.
+    if (bpf_skb_change_proto(skb, htons(ETH_P_IPV6), 0)) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+
+    // This takes care of updating the skb->csum field for a CHECKSUM_COMPLETE packet.
+    //
+    // In such a case, skb->csum is a 16-bit one's complement sum of the entire payload,
+    // thus we need to subtract out the ipv4 header's sum, and add in the ipv6 header's sum.
+    // However, we've already verified the ipv4 checksum is correct and thus 0.
+    // Thus we only need to add the ipv6 header's sum.
+    //
+    // bpf_csum_update() always succeeds if the skb is CHECKSUM_COMPLETE and returns an error
+    // (-ENOTSUPP) if it isn't.  So we just ignore the return code (see above for more details).
+    bpf_csum_update(skb, sum6);
+
+    // bpf_skb_change_proto() invalidates all pointers - reload them.
+    data = (void*)(long)skb->data;
+    data_end = (void*)(long)skb->data_end;
+
+    // I cannot think of any valid way for this error condition to trigger, however I do
+    // believe the explicit check is required to keep the in kernel ebpf verifier happy.
+    if (data + sizeof(ip6) > data_end) return TC_ACT_SHOT;
+
+    // Copy over the new ipv6 header without an ethernet header.
+    *(struct ipv6hdr*)data = ip6;
+
+    // Redirect to non v4-* interface.  Tcpdump only sees packet after this redirect.
+    return bpf_redirect(v->oif, 0 /* this is effectively BPF_F_EGRESS */);
+}
+
+LICENSE("Apache 2.0");
+CRITICAL("netd");
diff --git a/bpf_progs/dscp_policy.c b/bpf_progs/dscp_policy.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9989e6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bpf_progs/dscp_policy.c
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/bpf.h>
+#include <linux/ip.h>
+#include <linux/ipv6.h>
+#include <linux/if_ether.h>
+#include <linux/pkt_cls.h>
+#include <linux/tcp.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <netinet/udp.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "bpf_helpers.h"
+
+#define MAX_POLICIES 16
+#define MAP_A 1
+#define MAP_B 2
+
+#define STRUCT_SIZE(name, size) _Static_assert(sizeof(name) == (size), "Incorrect struct size.")
+
+// TODO: these are already defined in /system/netd/bpf_progs/bpf_net_helpers.h
+// should they be moved to common location?
+static uint64_t (*bpf_get_socket_cookie)(struct __sk_buff* skb) =
+        (void*)BPF_FUNC_get_socket_cookie;
+static int (*bpf_skb_store_bytes)(struct __sk_buff* skb, __u32 offset, const void* from, __u32 len,
+                                  __u64 flags) = (void*)BPF_FUNC_skb_store_bytes;
+static int (*bpf_l3_csum_replace)(struct __sk_buff* skb, __u32 offset, __u64 from, __u64 to,
+                                  __u64 flags) = (void*)BPF_FUNC_l3_csum_replace;
+
+typedef struct {
+    // Add family here to match __sk_buff ?
+    struct in_addr srcIp;
+    struct in_addr dstIp;
+    __be16 srcPort;
+    __be16 dstPort;
+    uint8_t proto;
+    uint8_t dscpVal;
+    uint8_t pad[2];
+} Ipv4RuleEntry;
+STRUCT_SIZE(Ipv4RuleEntry, 2 * 4 + 2 * 2 + 2 * 1 + 2);  // 16, 4 for in_addr
+
+#define SRC_IP_MASK     1
+#define DST_IP_MASK     2
+#define SRC_PORT_MASK   4
+#define DST_PORT_MASK   8
+#define PROTO_MASK      16
+
+typedef struct {
+    struct in6_addr srcIp;
+    struct in6_addr dstIp;
+    __be16 srcPort;
+    __be16 dstPortStart;
+    __be16 dstPortEnd;
+    uint8_t proto;
+    uint8_t dscpVal;
+    uint8_t mask;
+    uint8_t pad[3];
+} Ipv4Policy;
+STRUCT_SIZE(Ipv4Policy, 2 * 16 + 3 * 2 + 3 * 1 + 3);  // 44
+
+typedef struct {
+    struct in6_addr srcIp;
+    struct in6_addr dstIp;
+    __be16 srcPort;
+    __be16 dstPortStart;
+    __be16 dstPortEnd;
+    uint8_t proto;
+    uint8_t dscpVal;
+    uint8_t mask;
+    // should we override this struct to include the param bitmask for linear search?
+    // For mapping socket to policies, all the params should match exactly since we can
+    // pull any missing from the sock itself.
+} Ipv6RuleEntry;
+STRUCT_SIZE(Ipv6RuleEntry, 2 * 16 + 3 * 2 + 3 * 1 + 3);  // 44
+
+// TODO: move to using 1 map. Map v4 address to 0xffff::v4
+DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRW(ipv4_socket_to_policies_map_A, HASH, uint64_t, Ipv4RuleEntry, MAX_POLICIES,
+        AID_SYSTEM)
+DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRW(ipv4_socket_to_policies_map_B, HASH, uint64_t, Ipv4RuleEntry, MAX_POLICIES,
+        AID_SYSTEM)
+DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRW(ipv6_socket_to_policies_map_A, HASH, uint64_t, Ipv6RuleEntry, MAX_POLICIES,
+        AID_SYSTEM)
+DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRW(ipv6_socket_to_policies_map_B, HASH, uint64_t, Ipv6RuleEntry, MAX_POLICIES,
+        AID_SYSTEM)
+DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRW(switch_comp_map, ARRAY, int, uint64_t, 1, AID_SYSTEM)
+
+DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRW(ipv4_dscp_policies_map, ARRAY, uint32_t, Ipv4Policy, MAX_POLICIES,
+        AID_SYSTEM)
+DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRW(ipv6_dscp_policies_map, ARRAY, uint32_t, Ipv6RuleEntry, MAX_POLICIES,
+        AID_SYSTEM)
+
+DEFINE_BPF_PROG_KVER("schedcls/set_dscp", AID_ROOT, AID_SYSTEM,
+                     schedcls_set_dscp, KVER(5, 4, 0))
+(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    int one = 0;
+    uint64_t* selectedMap = bpf_switch_comp_map_lookup_elem(&one);
+
+    // use this with HASH map so map lookup only happens once policies have been added?
+    if (!selectedMap) {
+        return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+    }
+
+    // used for map lookup
+    uint64_t cookie = bpf_get_socket_cookie(skb);
+
+    // Do we need separate maps for ipv4/ipv6
+    if (skb->protocol == htons(ETH_P_IP)) { //maybe bpf_htons()
+        Ipv4RuleEntry* v4Policy;
+        if (*selectedMap == MAP_A) {
+            v4Policy = bpf_ipv4_socket_to_policies_map_A_lookup_elem(&cookie);
+        } else {
+            v4Policy = bpf_ipv4_socket_to_policies_map_B_lookup_elem(&cookie);
+        }
+
+        // How to use bitmask here to compare params efficiently?
+        // TODO: add BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_SKB prog type to Loader?
+
+        void* data = (void*)(long)skb->data;
+        const void* data_end = (void*)(long)skb->data_end;
+        const struct iphdr* const iph = data;
+
+        // Must have ipv4 header
+        if (data + sizeof(*iph) > data_end) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+
+        // IP version must be 4
+        if (iph->version != 4) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+
+        // We cannot handle IP options, just standard 20 byte == 5 dword minimal IPv4 header
+        if (iph->ihl != 5) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+
+        if (iph->protocol != IPPROTO_UDP) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+
+        struct udphdr *udp;
+        udp = data + sizeof(struct iphdr); //sizeof(struct ethhdr)
+
+        if ((void*)(udp + 1) > data_end) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+
+        // Source/destination port in udphdr are stored in be16, need to convert to le16.
+        // This can be done via ntohs or htons. Is there a more preferred way?
+        // Cached policy was found.
+        if (v4Policy && iph->saddr == v4Policy->srcIp.s_addr &&
+                    iph->daddr == v4Policy->dstIp.s_addr &&
+                    ntohs(udp->source) == v4Policy->srcPort &&
+                    ntohs(udp->dest) == v4Policy->dstPort &&
+                    iph->protocol == v4Policy->proto) {
+            // set dscpVal in packet. Least sig 2 bits of TOS
+            // reference ipv4_change_dsfield()
+
+            // TODO: fix checksum...
+            int ecn = iph->tos & 3;
+            uint8_t newDscpVal = (v4Policy->dscpVal << 2) + ecn;
+            int oldDscpVal = iph->tos >> 2;
+            bpf_l3_csum_replace(skb, 1, oldDscpVal, newDscpVal, sizeof(uint8_t));
+            bpf_skb_store_bytes(skb, 1, &newDscpVal, sizeof(uint8_t), 0);
+            return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+        }
+
+        // linear scan ipv4_dscp_policies_map, stored socket params do not match actual
+        int bestScore = -1;
+        uint32_t bestMatch = 0;
+
+        for (register uint64_t i = 0; i < MAX_POLICIES; i++) {
+            int score = 0;
+            uint8_t tempMask = 0;
+            // Using a uint62 in for loop prevents infinite loop during BPF load,
+            // but the key is uint32, so convert back.
+            uint32_t key = i;
+            Ipv4Policy* policy = bpf_ipv4_dscp_policies_map_lookup_elem(&key);
+
+            // if mask is 0 continue, key does not have corresponding policy value
+            if (policy && policy->mask != 0) {
+                if ((policy->mask & SRC_IP_MASK) == SRC_IP_MASK &&
+                        iph->saddr == policy->srcIp.s6_addr32[3]) {
+                    score++;
+                    tempMask |= SRC_IP_MASK;
+                }
+                if ((policy->mask & DST_IP_MASK) == DST_IP_MASK &&
+                        iph->daddr == policy->dstIp.s6_addr32[3]) {
+                    score++;
+                    tempMask |= DST_IP_MASK;
+                }
+                if ((policy->mask & SRC_PORT_MASK) == SRC_PORT_MASK &&
+                        ntohs(udp->source) == htons(policy->srcPort)) {
+                    score++;
+                    tempMask |= SRC_PORT_MASK;
+                }
+                if ((policy->mask & DST_PORT_MASK) == DST_PORT_MASK &&
+                        ntohs(udp->dest) >= htons(policy->dstPortStart) &&
+                        ntohs(udp->dest) <= htons(policy->dstPortEnd)) {
+                    score++;
+                    tempMask |= DST_PORT_MASK;
+                }
+                if ((policy->mask & PROTO_MASK) == PROTO_MASK &&
+                        iph->protocol == policy->proto) {
+                    score++;
+                    tempMask |= PROTO_MASK;
+                }
+
+                if (score > bestScore && tempMask == policy->mask) {
+                    bestMatch = i;
+                    bestScore = score;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        uint8_t newDscpVal = 0; // Can 0 be used as default forwarding value?
+        uint8_t curDscp = iph->tos & 252;
+        if (bestScore > 0) {
+            Ipv4Policy* policy = bpf_ipv4_dscp_policies_map_lookup_elem(&bestMatch);
+            if (policy) {
+                // TODO: if DSCP value is already set ignore?
+                // TODO: update checksum, for testing increment counter...
+                int ecn = iph->tos & 3;
+                newDscpVal = (policy->dscpVal << 2) + ecn;
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ipv4RuleEntry value = {
+            .srcIp.s_addr = iph->saddr,
+            .dstIp.s_addr = iph->daddr,
+            .srcPort = udp->source,
+            .dstPort = udp->dest,
+            .proto = iph->protocol,
+            .dscpVal = newDscpVal,
+        };
+
+        if (!cookie)
+            return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+
+        // Update map
+        if (*selectedMap == MAP_A) {
+            bpf_ipv4_socket_to_policies_map_A_update_elem(&cookie, &value, BPF_ANY);
+        } else {
+            bpf_ipv4_socket_to_policies_map_B_update_elem(&cookie, &value, BPF_ANY);
+        }
+
+        // Need to store bytes after updating map or program will not load.
+        if (newDscpVal != curDscp) {
+            // 1 is the offset (Version/Header length)
+            int oldDscpVal = iph->tos >> 2;
+            bpf_l3_csum_replace(skb, 1, oldDscpVal, newDscpVal, sizeof(uint8_t));
+            bpf_skb_store_bytes(skb, 1, &newDscpVal, sizeof(uint8_t), 0);
+        }
+
+    } else if (skb->protocol == htons(ETH_P_IPV6)) { //maybe bpf_htons()
+        Ipv6RuleEntry* v6Policy;
+        if (*selectedMap == MAP_A) {
+            v6Policy = bpf_ipv6_socket_to_policies_map_A_lookup_elem(&cookie);
+        } else {
+            v6Policy = bpf_ipv6_socket_to_policies_map_B_lookup_elem(&cookie);
+        }
+
+        if (!v6Policy)
+            return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+
+        // TODO: Add code to process IPv6 packet.
+    }
+
+    // Always return TC_ACT_PIPE
+    return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+}
+
+LICENSE("Apache 2.0");
+CRITICAL("Connectivity");
diff --git a/bpf_progs/netd.c b/bpf_progs/netd.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe9a871
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bpf_progs/netd.c
@@ -0,0 +1,398 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <bpf_helpers.h>
+#include <linux/bpf.h>
+#include <linux/if.h>
+#include <linux/if_ether.h>
+#include <linux/if_packet.h>
+#include <linux/in.h>
+#include <linux/in6.h>
+#include <linux/ip.h>
+#include <linux/ipv6.h>
+#include <linux/pkt_cls.h>
+#include <linux/tcp.h>
+#include <netdutils/UidConstants.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include "bpf_net_helpers.h"
+#include "bpf_shared.h"
+
+// This is defined for cgroup bpf filter only.
+#define BPF_DROP_UNLESS_DNS 2
+#define BPF_PASS 1
+#define BPF_DROP 0
+
+// This is used for xt_bpf program only.
+#define BPF_NOMATCH 0
+#define BPF_MATCH 1
+
+#define BPF_EGRESS 0
+#define BPF_INGRESS 1
+
+#define IP_PROTO_OFF offsetof(struct iphdr, protocol)
+#define IPV6_PROTO_OFF offsetof(struct ipv6hdr, nexthdr)
+#define IPPROTO_IHL_OFF 0
+#define TCP_FLAG_OFF 13
+#define RST_OFFSET 2
+
+DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRW(cookie_tag_map, HASH, uint64_t, UidTagValue, COOKIE_UID_MAP_SIZE,
+                   AID_NET_BW_ACCT)
+DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRW(uid_counterset_map, HASH, uint32_t, uint8_t, UID_COUNTERSET_MAP_SIZE,
+                   AID_NET_BW_ACCT)
+DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRW(app_uid_stats_map, HASH, uint32_t, StatsValue, APP_STATS_MAP_SIZE,
+                   AID_NET_BW_ACCT)
+DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRW(stats_map_A, HASH, StatsKey, StatsValue, STATS_MAP_SIZE, AID_NET_BW_ACCT)
+DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRW(stats_map_B, HASH, StatsKey, StatsValue, STATS_MAP_SIZE, AID_NET_BW_ACCT)
+DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRW(iface_stats_map, HASH, uint32_t, StatsValue, IFACE_STATS_MAP_SIZE,
+                   AID_NET_BW_ACCT)
+DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRW(configuration_map, HASH, uint32_t, uint8_t, CONFIGURATION_MAP_SIZE,
+                   AID_NET_BW_ACCT)
+DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRW(uid_owner_map, HASH, uint32_t, UidOwnerValue, UID_OWNER_MAP_SIZE,
+                   AID_NET_BW_ACCT)
+DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRW(uid_permission_map, HASH, uint32_t, uint8_t, UID_OWNER_MAP_SIZE, AID_NET_BW_ACCT)
+
+/* never actually used from ebpf */
+DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRW(iface_index_name_map, HASH, uint32_t, IfaceValue, IFACE_INDEX_NAME_MAP_SIZE,
+                   AID_NET_BW_ACCT)
+
+static __always_inline int is_system_uid(uint32_t uid) {
+    return (uid <= MAX_SYSTEM_UID) && (uid >= MIN_SYSTEM_UID);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Note: this blindly assumes an MTU of 1500, and that packets > MTU are always TCP,
+ * and that TCP is using the Linux default settings with TCP timestamp option enabled
+ * which uses 12 TCP option bytes per frame.
+ *
+ * These are not unreasonable assumptions:
+ *
+ * The internet does not really support MTUs greater than 1500, so most TCP traffic will
+ * be at that MTU, or slightly below it (worst case our upwards adjustment is too small).
+ *
+ * The chance our traffic isn't IP at all is basically zero, so the IP overhead correction
+ * is bound to be needed.
+ *
+ * Furthermore, the likelyhood that we're having to deal with GSO (ie. > MTU) packets that
+ * are not IP/TCP is pretty small (few other things are supported by Linux) and worse case
+ * our extra overhead will be slightly off, but probably still better than assuming none.
+ *
+ * Most servers are also Linux and thus support/default to using TCP timestamp option
+ * (and indeed TCP timestamp option comes from RFC 1323 titled "TCP Extensions for High
+ * Performance" which also defined TCP window scaling and are thus absolutely ancient...).
+ *
+ * All together this should be more correct than if we simply ignored GSO frames
+ * (ie. counted them as single packets with no extra overhead)
+ *
+ * Especially since the number of packets is important for any future clat offload correction.
+ * (which adjusts upward by 20 bytes per packet to account for ipv4 -> ipv6 header conversion)
+ */
+#define DEFINE_UPDATE_STATS(the_stats_map, TypeOfKey)                                          \
+    static __always_inline inline void update_##the_stats_map(struct __sk_buff* skb,           \
+                                                              int direction, TypeOfKey* key) { \
+        StatsValue* value = bpf_##the_stats_map##_lookup_elem(key);                            \
+        if (!value) {                                                                          \
+            StatsValue newValue = {};                                                          \
+            bpf_##the_stats_map##_update_elem(key, &newValue, BPF_NOEXIST);                    \
+            value = bpf_##the_stats_map##_lookup_elem(key);                                    \
+        }                                                                                      \
+        if (value) {                                                                           \
+            const int mtu = 1500;                                                              \
+            uint64_t packets = 1;                                                              \
+            uint64_t bytes = skb->len;                                                         \
+            if (bytes > mtu) {                                                                 \
+                bool is_ipv6 = (skb->protocol == htons(ETH_P_IPV6));                           \
+                int ip_overhead = (is_ipv6 ? sizeof(struct ipv6hdr) : sizeof(struct iphdr));   \
+                int tcp_overhead = ip_overhead + sizeof(struct tcphdr) + 12;                   \
+                int mss = mtu - tcp_overhead;                                                  \
+                uint64_t payload = bytes - tcp_overhead;                                       \
+                packets = (payload + mss - 1) / mss;                                           \
+                bytes = tcp_overhead * packets + payload;                                      \
+            }                                                                                  \
+            if (direction == BPF_EGRESS) {                                                     \
+                __sync_fetch_and_add(&value->txPackets, packets);                              \
+                __sync_fetch_and_add(&value->txBytes, bytes);                                  \
+            } else if (direction == BPF_INGRESS) {                                             \
+                __sync_fetch_and_add(&value->rxPackets, packets);                              \
+                __sync_fetch_and_add(&value->rxBytes, bytes);                                  \
+            }                                                                                  \
+        }                                                                                      \
+    }
+
+DEFINE_UPDATE_STATS(app_uid_stats_map, uint32_t)
+DEFINE_UPDATE_STATS(iface_stats_map, uint32_t)
+DEFINE_UPDATE_STATS(stats_map_A, StatsKey)
+DEFINE_UPDATE_STATS(stats_map_B, StatsKey)
+
+static inline bool skip_owner_match(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    int offset = -1;
+    int ret = 0;
+    if (skb->protocol == htons(ETH_P_IP)) {
+        offset = IP_PROTO_OFF;
+        uint8_t proto, ihl;
+        uint8_t flag;
+        ret = bpf_skb_load_bytes(skb, offset, &proto, 1);
+        if (!ret) {
+            if (proto == IPPROTO_ESP) {
+                return true;
+            } else if (proto == IPPROTO_TCP) {
+                ret = bpf_skb_load_bytes(skb, IPPROTO_IHL_OFF, &ihl, 1);
+                ihl = ihl & 0x0F;
+                ret = bpf_skb_load_bytes(skb, ihl * 4 + TCP_FLAG_OFF, &flag, 1);
+                if (ret == 0 && (flag >> RST_OFFSET & 1)) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    } else if (skb->protocol == htons(ETH_P_IPV6)) {
+        offset = IPV6_PROTO_OFF;
+        uint8_t proto;
+        ret = bpf_skb_load_bytes(skb, offset, &proto, 1);
+        if (!ret) {
+            if (proto == IPPROTO_ESP) {
+                return true;
+            } else if (proto == IPPROTO_TCP) {
+                uint8_t flag;
+                ret = bpf_skb_load_bytes(skb, sizeof(struct ipv6hdr) + TCP_FLAG_OFF, &flag, 1);
+                if (ret == 0 && (flag >> RST_OFFSET & 1)) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+static __always_inline BpfConfig getConfig(uint32_t configKey) {
+    uint32_t mapSettingKey = configKey;
+    BpfConfig* config = bpf_configuration_map_lookup_elem(&mapSettingKey);
+    if (!config) {
+        // Couldn't read configuration entry. Assume everything is disabled.
+        return DEFAULT_CONFIG;
+    }
+    return *config;
+}
+
+static inline int bpf_owner_match(struct __sk_buff* skb, uint32_t uid, int direction) {
+    if (skip_owner_match(skb)) return BPF_PASS;
+
+    if (is_system_uid(uid)) return BPF_PASS;
+
+    BpfConfig enabledRules = getConfig(UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY);
+
+    UidOwnerValue* uidEntry = bpf_uid_owner_map_lookup_elem(&uid);
+    uint8_t uidRules = uidEntry ? uidEntry->rule : 0;
+    uint32_t allowed_iif = uidEntry ? uidEntry->iif : 0;
+
+    if (enabledRules) {
+        if ((enabledRules & DOZABLE_MATCH) && !(uidRules & DOZABLE_MATCH)) {
+            return BPF_DROP;
+        }
+        if ((enabledRules & STANDBY_MATCH) && (uidRules & STANDBY_MATCH)) {
+            return BPF_DROP;
+        }
+        if ((enabledRules & POWERSAVE_MATCH) && !(uidRules & POWERSAVE_MATCH)) {
+            return BPF_DROP;
+        }
+        if ((enabledRules & RESTRICTED_MATCH) && !(uidRules & RESTRICTED_MATCH)) {
+            return BPF_DROP;
+        }
+        if ((enabledRules & LOW_POWER_STANDBY_MATCH) && !(uidRules & LOW_POWER_STANDBY_MATCH)) {
+            return BPF_DROP;
+        }
+    }
+    if (direction == BPF_INGRESS && (uidRules & IIF_MATCH)) {
+        // Drops packets not coming from lo nor the allowlisted interface
+        if (allowed_iif && skb->ifindex != 1 && skb->ifindex != allowed_iif) {
+            return BPF_DROP_UNLESS_DNS;
+        }
+    }
+    return BPF_PASS;
+}
+
+static __always_inline inline void update_stats_with_config(struct __sk_buff* skb, int direction,
+                                                            StatsKey* key, uint8_t selectedMap) {
+    if (selectedMap == SELECT_MAP_A) {
+        update_stats_map_A(skb, direction, key);
+    } else if (selectedMap == SELECT_MAP_B) {
+        update_stats_map_B(skb, direction, key);
+    }
+}
+
+static __always_inline inline int bpf_traffic_account(struct __sk_buff* skb, int direction) {
+    uint32_t sock_uid = bpf_get_socket_uid(skb);
+    uint64_t cookie = bpf_get_socket_cookie(skb);
+    UidTagValue* utag = bpf_cookie_tag_map_lookup_elem(&cookie);
+    uint32_t uid, tag;
+    if (utag) {
+        uid = utag->uid;
+        tag = utag->tag;
+    } else {
+        uid = sock_uid;
+        tag = 0;
+    }
+
+    // Always allow and never count clat traffic. Only the IPv4 traffic on the stacked
+    // interface is accounted for and subject to usage restrictions.
+    // TODO: remove sock_uid check once Nat464Xlat javaland adds the socket tag AID_CLAT for clat.
+    if (sock_uid == AID_CLAT || uid == AID_CLAT) {
+        return BPF_PASS;
+    }
+
+    int match = bpf_owner_match(skb, sock_uid, direction);
+    if ((direction == BPF_EGRESS) && (match == BPF_DROP)) {
+        // If an outbound packet is going to be dropped, we do not count that
+        // traffic.
+        return match;
+    }
+
+// Workaround for secureVPN with VpnIsolation enabled, refer to b/159994981 for details.
+// Keep TAG_SYSTEM_DNS in sync with DnsResolver/include/netd_resolv/resolv.h
+// and TrafficStatsConstants.java
+#define TAG_SYSTEM_DNS 0xFFFFFF82
+    if (tag == TAG_SYSTEM_DNS && uid == AID_DNS) {
+        uid = sock_uid;
+        if (match == BPF_DROP_UNLESS_DNS) match = BPF_PASS;
+    } else {
+        if (match == BPF_DROP_UNLESS_DNS) match = BPF_DROP;
+    }
+
+    StatsKey key = {.uid = uid, .tag = tag, .counterSet = 0, .ifaceIndex = skb->ifindex};
+
+    uint8_t* counterSet = bpf_uid_counterset_map_lookup_elem(&uid);
+    if (counterSet) key.counterSet = (uint32_t)*counterSet;
+
+    uint32_t mapSettingKey = CURRENT_STATS_MAP_CONFIGURATION_KEY;
+    uint8_t* selectedMap = bpf_configuration_map_lookup_elem(&mapSettingKey);
+
+    // Use asm("%0 &= 1" : "+r"(match)) before return match,
+    // to help kernel's bpf verifier, so that it can be 100% certain
+    // that the returned value is always BPF_NOMATCH(0) or BPF_MATCH(1).
+    if (!selectedMap) {
+        asm("%0 &= 1" : "+r"(match));
+        return match;
+    }
+
+    if (key.tag) {
+        update_stats_with_config(skb, direction, &key, *selectedMap);
+        key.tag = 0;
+    }
+
+    update_stats_with_config(skb, direction, &key, *selectedMap);
+    update_app_uid_stats_map(skb, direction, &uid);
+    asm("%0 &= 1" : "+r"(match));
+    return match;
+}
+
+DEFINE_BPF_PROG("cgroupskb/ingress/stats", AID_ROOT, AID_SYSTEM, bpf_cgroup_ingress)
+(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    return bpf_traffic_account(skb, BPF_INGRESS);
+}
+
+DEFINE_BPF_PROG("cgroupskb/egress/stats", AID_ROOT, AID_SYSTEM, bpf_cgroup_egress)
+(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    return bpf_traffic_account(skb, BPF_EGRESS);
+}
+
+DEFINE_BPF_PROG("skfilter/egress/xtbpf", AID_ROOT, AID_NET_ADMIN, xt_bpf_egress_prog)
+(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    // Clat daemon does not generate new traffic, all its traffic is accounted for already
+    // on the v4-* interfaces (except for the 20 (or 28) extra bytes of IPv6 vs IPv4 overhead,
+    // but that can be corrected for later when merging v4-foo stats into interface foo's).
+    // TODO: remove sock_uid check once Nat464Xlat javaland adds the socket tag AID_CLAT for clat.
+    uint32_t sock_uid = bpf_get_socket_uid(skb);
+    if (sock_uid == AID_CLAT) return BPF_NOMATCH;
+    if (sock_uid == AID_SYSTEM) {
+        uint64_t cookie = bpf_get_socket_cookie(skb);
+        UidTagValue* utag = bpf_cookie_tag_map_lookup_elem(&cookie);
+        if (utag && utag->uid == AID_CLAT) return BPF_NOMATCH;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t key = skb->ifindex;
+    update_iface_stats_map(skb, BPF_EGRESS, &key);
+    return BPF_MATCH;
+}
+
+DEFINE_BPF_PROG("skfilter/ingress/xtbpf", AID_ROOT, AID_NET_ADMIN, xt_bpf_ingress_prog)
+(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    // Clat daemon traffic is not accounted by virtue of iptables raw prerouting drop rule
+    // (in clat_raw_PREROUTING chain), which triggers before this (in bw_raw_PREROUTING chain).
+    // It will be accounted for on the v4-* clat interface instead.
+    // Keep that in mind when moving this out of iptables xt_bpf and into tc ingress (or xdp).
+
+    uint32_t key = skb->ifindex;
+    update_iface_stats_map(skb, BPF_INGRESS, &key);
+    return BPF_MATCH;
+}
+
+DEFINE_BPF_PROG("schedact/ingress/account", AID_ROOT, AID_NET_ADMIN, tc_bpf_ingress_account_prog)
+(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    if (is_received_skb(skb)) {
+        // Account for ingress traffic before tc drops it.
+        uint32_t key = skb->ifindex;
+        update_iface_stats_map(skb, BPF_INGRESS, &key);
+    }
+    return TC_ACT_UNSPEC;
+}
+
+DEFINE_BPF_PROG("skfilter/allowlist/xtbpf", AID_ROOT, AID_NET_ADMIN, xt_bpf_allowlist_prog)
+(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    uint32_t sock_uid = bpf_get_socket_uid(skb);
+    if (is_system_uid(sock_uid)) return BPF_MATCH;
+
+    // 65534 is the overflow 'nobody' uid, usually this being returned means
+    // that skb->sk is NULL during RX (early decap socket lookup failure),
+    // which commonly happens for incoming packets to an unconnected udp socket.
+    // Additionally bpf_get_socket_cookie() returns 0 if skb->sk is NULL
+    if ((sock_uid == 65534) && !bpf_get_socket_cookie(skb) && is_received_skb(skb))
+        return BPF_MATCH;
+
+    UidOwnerValue* allowlistMatch = bpf_uid_owner_map_lookup_elem(&sock_uid);
+    if (allowlistMatch) return allowlistMatch->rule & HAPPY_BOX_MATCH ? BPF_MATCH : BPF_NOMATCH;
+    return BPF_NOMATCH;
+}
+
+DEFINE_BPF_PROG("skfilter/denylist/xtbpf", AID_ROOT, AID_NET_ADMIN, xt_bpf_denylist_prog)
+(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    uint32_t sock_uid = bpf_get_socket_uid(skb);
+    UidOwnerValue* denylistMatch = bpf_uid_owner_map_lookup_elem(&sock_uid);
+    if (denylistMatch) return denylistMatch->rule & PENALTY_BOX_MATCH ? BPF_MATCH : BPF_NOMATCH;
+    return BPF_NOMATCH;
+}
+
+DEFINE_BPF_PROG_KVER("cgroupsock/inet/create", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, inet_socket_create,
+                     KVER(4, 14, 0))
+(struct bpf_sock* sk) {
+    uint64_t gid_uid = bpf_get_current_uid_gid();
+    /*
+     * A given app is guaranteed to have the same app ID in all the profiles in
+     * which it is installed, and install permission is granted to app for all
+     * user at install time so we only check the appId part of a request uid at
+     * run time. See UserHandle#isSameApp for detail.
+     */
+    uint32_t appId = (gid_uid & 0xffffffff) % PER_USER_RANGE;
+    uint8_t* permissions = bpf_uid_permission_map_lookup_elem(&appId);
+    if (!permissions) {
+        // UID not in map. Default to just INTERNET permission.
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    // A return value of 1 means allow, everything else means deny.
+    return (*permissions & BPF_PERMISSION_INTERNET) == BPF_PERMISSION_INTERNET;
+}
+
+LICENSE("Apache 2.0");
+CRITICAL("netd");
diff --git a/bpf_progs/offload.c b/bpf_progs/offload.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..977e918
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bpf_progs/offload.c
@@ -0,0 +1,848 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/if.h>
+#include <linux/ip.h>
+#include <linux/ipv6.h>
+#include <linux/pkt_cls.h>
+#include <linux/tcp.h>
+
+// bionic kernel uapi linux/udp.h header is munged...
+#define __kernel_udphdr udphdr
+#include <linux/udp.h>
+
+// The resulting .o needs to load on the Android S bpfloader v0.2
+#define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER 2u
+
+#include "bpf_helpers.h"
+#include "bpf_net_helpers.h"
+#include "bpf_tethering.h"
+
+// From kernel:include/net/ip.h
+#define IP_DF 0x4000  // Flag: "Don't Fragment"
+
+// ----- Helper functions for offsets to fields -----
+
+// They all assume simple IP packets:
+//   - no VLAN ethernet tags
+//   - no IPv4 options (see IPV4_HLEN/TCP4_OFFSET/UDP4_OFFSET)
+//   - no IPv6 extension headers
+//   - no TCP options (see TCP_HLEN)
+
+//#define ETH_HLEN sizeof(struct ethhdr)
+#define IP4_HLEN sizeof(struct iphdr)
+#define IP6_HLEN sizeof(struct ipv6hdr)
+#define TCP_HLEN sizeof(struct tcphdr)
+#define UDP_HLEN sizeof(struct udphdr)
+
+// Offsets from beginning of L4 (TCP/UDP) header
+#define TCP_OFFSET(field) offsetof(struct tcphdr, field)
+#define UDP_OFFSET(field) offsetof(struct udphdr, field)
+
+// Offsets from beginning of L3 (IPv4) header
+#define IP4_OFFSET(field) offsetof(struct iphdr, field)
+#define IP4_TCP_OFFSET(field) (IP4_HLEN + TCP_OFFSET(field))
+#define IP4_UDP_OFFSET(field) (IP4_HLEN + UDP_OFFSET(field))
+
+// Offsets from beginning of L3 (IPv6) header
+#define IP6_OFFSET(field) offsetof(struct ipv6hdr, field)
+#define IP6_TCP_OFFSET(field) (IP6_HLEN + TCP_OFFSET(field))
+#define IP6_UDP_OFFSET(field) (IP6_HLEN + UDP_OFFSET(field))
+
+// Offsets from beginning of L2 (ie. Ethernet) header (which must be present)
+#define ETH_IP4_OFFSET(field) (ETH_HLEN + IP4_OFFSET(field))
+#define ETH_IP4_TCP_OFFSET(field) (ETH_HLEN + IP4_TCP_OFFSET(field))
+#define ETH_IP4_UDP_OFFSET(field) (ETH_HLEN + IP4_UDP_OFFSET(field))
+#define ETH_IP6_OFFSET(field) (ETH_HLEN + IP6_OFFSET(field))
+#define ETH_IP6_TCP_OFFSET(field) (ETH_HLEN + IP6_TCP_OFFSET(field))
+#define ETH_IP6_UDP_OFFSET(field) (ETH_HLEN + IP6_UDP_OFFSET(field))
+
+// ----- Tethering Error Counters -----
+
+DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRW(tether_error_map, ARRAY, uint32_t, uint32_t, BPF_TETHER_ERR__MAX,
+                   AID_NETWORK_STACK)
+
+#define COUNT_AND_RETURN(counter, ret) do {                     \
+    uint32_t code = BPF_TETHER_ERR_ ## counter;                 \
+    uint32_t *count = bpf_tether_error_map_lookup_elem(&code);  \
+    if (count) __sync_fetch_and_add(count, 1);                  \
+    return ret;                                                 \
+} while(0)
+
+#define TC_DROP(counter) COUNT_AND_RETURN(counter, TC_ACT_SHOT)
+#define TC_PUNT(counter) COUNT_AND_RETURN(counter, TC_ACT_PIPE)
+
+#define XDP_DROP(counter) COUNT_AND_RETURN(counter, XDP_DROP)
+#define XDP_PUNT(counter) COUNT_AND_RETURN(counter, XDP_PASS)
+
+// ----- Tethering Data Stats and Limits -----
+
+// Tethering stats, indexed by upstream interface.
+DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRW(tether_stats_map, HASH, TetherStatsKey, TetherStatsValue, 16, AID_NETWORK_STACK)
+
+// Tethering data limit, indexed by upstream interface.
+// (tethering allowed when stats[iif].rxBytes + stats[iif].txBytes < limit[iif])
+DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRW(tether_limit_map, HASH, TetherLimitKey, TetherLimitValue, 16, AID_NETWORK_STACK)
+
+// ----- IPv6 Support -----
+
+DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRW(tether_downstream6_map, HASH, TetherDownstream6Key, Tether6Value, 64,
+                   AID_NETWORK_STACK)
+
+DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRW(tether_downstream64_map, HASH, TetherDownstream64Key, TetherDownstream64Value,
+                   1024, AID_NETWORK_STACK)
+
+DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRW(tether_upstream6_map, HASH, TetherUpstream6Key, Tether6Value, 64,
+                   AID_NETWORK_STACK)
+
+static inline __always_inline int do_forward6(struct __sk_buff* skb, const bool is_ethernet,
+        const bool downstream) {
+    // Must be meta-ethernet IPv6 frame
+    if (skb->protocol != htons(ETH_P_IPV6)) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+
+    // Require ethernet dst mac address to be our unicast address.
+    if (is_ethernet && (skb->pkt_type != PACKET_HOST)) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+
+    const int l2_header_size = is_ethernet ? sizeof(struct ethhdr) : 0;
+
+    // Since the program never writes via DPA (direct packet access) auto-pull/unclone logic does
+    // not trigger and thus we need to manually make sure we can read packet headers via DPA.
+    // Note: this is a blind best effort pull, which may fail or pull less - this doesn't matter.
+    // It has to be done early cause it will invalidate any skb->data/data_end derived pointers.
+    try_make_readable(skb, l2_header_size + IP6_HLEN + TCP_HLEN);
+
+    void* data = (void*)(long)skb->data;
+    const void* data_end = (void*)(long)skb->data_end;
+    struct ethhdr* eth = is_ethernet ? data : NULL;  // used iff is_ethernet
+    struct ipv6hdr* ip6 = is_ethernet ? (void*)(eth + 1) : data;
+
+    // Must have (ethernet and) ipv6 header
+    if (data + l2_header_size + sizeof(*ip6) > data_end) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+
+    // Ethertype - if present - must be IPv6
+    if (is_ethernet && (eth->h_proto != htons(ETH_P_IPV6))) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+
+    // IP version must be 6
+    if (ip6->version != 6) TC_PUNT(INVALID_IP_VERSION);
+
+    // Cannot decrement during forward if already zero or would be zero,
+    // Let the kernel's stack handle these cases and generate appropriate ICMP errors.
+    if (ip6->hop_limit <= 1) TC_PUNT(LOW_TTL);
+
+    // If hardware offload is running and programming flows based on conntrack entries,
+    // try not to interfere with it.
+    if (ip6->nexthdr == IPPROTO_TCP) {
+        struct tcphdr* tcph = (void*)(ip6 + 1);
+
+        // Make sure we can get at the tcp header
+        if (data + l2_header_size + sizeof(*ip6) + sizeof(*tcph) > data_end)
+            TC_PUNT(INVALID_TCP_HEADER);
+
+        // Do not offload TCP packets with any one of the SYN/FIN/RST flags
+        if (tcph->syn || tcph->fin || tcph->rst) TC_PUNT(TCP_CONTROL_PACKET);
+    }
+
+    // Protect against forwarding packets sourced from ::1 or fe80::/64 or other weirdness.
+    __be32 src32 = ip6->saddr.s6_addr32[0];
+    if (src32 != htonl(0x0064ff9b) &&                        // 64:ff9b:/32 incl. XLAT464 WKP
+        (src32 & htonl(0xe0000000)) != htonl(0x20000000))    // 2000::/3 Global Unicast
+        TC_PUNT(NON_GLOBAL_SRC);
+
+    // Protect against forwarding packets destined to ::1 or fe80::/64 or other weirdness.
+    __be32 dst32 = ip6->daddr.s6_addr32[0];
+    if (dst32 != htonl(0x0064ff9b) &&                        // 64:ff9b:/32 incl. XLAT464 WKP
+        (dst32 & htonl(0xe0000000)) != htonl(0x20000000))    // 2000::/3 Global Unicast
+        TC_PUNT(NON_GLOBAL_DST);
+
+    // In the upstream direction do not forward traffic within the same /64 subnet.
+    if (!downstream && (src32 == dst32) && (ip6->saddr.s6_addr32[1] == ip6->daddr.s6_addr32[1]))
+        TC_PUNT(LOCAL_SRC_DST);
+
+    TetherDownstream6Key kd = {
+            .iif = skb->ifindex,
+            .neigh6 = ip6->daddr,
+    };
+
+    TetherUpstream6Key ku = {
+            .iif = skb->ifindex,
+    };
+    if (is_ethernet) __builtin_memcpy(downstream ? kd.dstMac : ku.dstMac, eth->h_dest, ETH_ALEN);
+
+    Tether6Value* v = downstream ? bpf_tether_downstream6_map_lookup_elem(&kd)
+                                 : bpf_tether_upstream6_map_lookup_elem(&ku);
+
+    // If we don't find any offload information then simply let the core stack handle it...
+    if (!v) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+
+    uint32_t stat_and_limit_k = downstream ? skb->ifindex : v->oif;
+
+    TetherStatsValue* stat_v = bpf_tether_stats_map_lookup_elem(&stat_and_limit_k);
+
+    // If we don't have anywhere to put stats, then abort...
+    if (!stat_v) TC_PUNT(NO_STATS_ENTRY);
+
+    uint64_t* limit_v = bpf_tether_limit_map_lookup_elem(&stat_and_limit_k);
+
+    // If we don't have a limit, then abort...
+    if (!limit_v) TC_PUNT(NO_LIMIT_ENTRY);
+
+    // Required IPv6 minimum mtu is 1280, below that not clear what we should do, abort...
+    if (v->pmtu < IPV6_MIN_MTU) TC_PUNT(BELOW_IPV6_MTU);
+
+    // Approximate handling of TCP/IPv6 overhead for incoming LRO/GRO packets: default
+    // outbound path mtu of 1500 is not necessarily correct, but worst case we simply
+    // undercount, which is still better then not accounting for this overhead at all.
+    // Note: this really shouldn't be device/path mtu at all, but rather should be
+    // derived from this particular connection's mss (ie. from gro segment size).
+    // This would require a much newer kernel with newer ebpf accessors.
+    // (This is also blindly assuming 12 bytes of tcp timestamp option in tcp header)
+    uint64_t packets = 1;
+    uint64_t bytes = skb->len;
+    if (bytes > v->pmtu) {
+        const int tcp_overhead = sizeof(struct ipv6hdr) + sizeof(struct tcphdr) + 12;
+        const int mss = v->pmtu - tcp_overhead;
+        const uint64_t payload = bytes - tcp_overhead;
+        packets = (payload + mss - 1) / mss;
+        bytes = tcp_overhead * packets + payload;
+    }
+
+    // Are we past the limit?  If so, then abort...
+    // Note: will not overflow since u64 is 936 years even at 5Gbps.
+    // Do not drop here.  Offload is just that, whenever we fail to handle
+    // a packet we let the core stack deal with things.
+    // (The core stack needs to handle limits correctly anyway,
+    // since we don't offload all traffic in both directions)
+    if (stat_v->rxBytes + stat_v->txBytes + bytes > *limit_v) TC_PUNT(LIMIT_REACHED);
+
+    if (!is_ethernet) {
+        // Try to inject an ethernet header, and simply return if we fail.
+        // We do this even if TX interface is RAWIP and thus does not need an ethernet header,
+        // because this is easier and the kernel will strip extraneous ethernet header.
+        if (bpf_skb_change_head(skb, sizeof(struct ethhdr), /*flags*/ 0)) {
+            __sync_fetch_and_add(downstream ? &stat_v->rxErrors : &stat_v->txErrors, 1);
+            TC_PUNT(CHANGE_HEAD_FAILED);
+        }
+
+        // bpf_skb_change_head() invalidates all pointers - reload them
+        data = (void*)(long)skb->data;
+        data_end = (void*)(long)skb->data_end;
+        eth = data;
+        ip6 = (void*)(eth + 1);
+
+        // I do not believe this can ever happen, but keep the verifier happy...
+        if (data + sizeof(struct ethhdr) + sizeof(*ip6) > data_end) {
+            __sync_fetch_and_add(downstream ? &stat_v->rxErrors : &stat_v->txErrors, 1);
+            TC_DROP(TOO_SHORT);
+        }
+    };
+
+    // At this point we always have an ethernet header - which will get stripped by the
+    // kernel during transmit through a rawip interface.  ie. 'eth' pointer is valid.
+    // Additionally note that 'is_ethernet' and 'l2_header_size' are no longer correct.
+
+    // CHECKSUM_COMPLETE is a 16-bit one's complement sum,
+    // thus corrections for it need to be done in 16-byte chunks at even offsets.
+    // IPv6 nexthdr is at offset 6, while hop limit is at offset 7
+    uint8_t old_hl = ip6->hop_limit;
+    --ip6->hop_limit;
+    uint8_t new_hl = ip6->hop_limit;
+
+    // bpf_csum_update() always succeeds if the skb is CHECKSUM_COMPLETE and returns an error
+    // (-ENOTSUPP) if it isn't.
+    bpf_csum_update(skb, 0xFFFF - ntohs(old_hl) + ntohs(new_hl));
+
+    __sync_fetch_and_add(downstream ? &stat_v->rxPackets : &stat_v->txPackets, packets);
+    __sync_fetch_and_add(downstream ? &stat_v->rxBytes : &stat_v->txBytes, bytes);
+
+    // Overwrite any mac header with the new one
+    // For a rawip tx interface it will simply be a bunch of zeroes and later stripped.
+    *eth = v->macHeader;
+
+    // Redirect to forwarded interface.
+    //
+    // Note that bpf_redirect() cannot fail unless you pass invalid flags.
+    // The redirect actually happens after the ebpf program has already terminated,
+    // and can fail for example for mtu reasons at that point in time, but there's nothing
+    // we can do about it here.
+    return bpf_redirect(v->oif, 0 /* this is effectively BPF_F_EGRESS */);
+}
+
+DEFINE_BPF_PROG("schedcls/tether_downstream6_ether", AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK,
+                sched_cls_tether_downstream6_ether)
+(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    return do_forward6(skb, /* is_ethernet */ true, /* downstream */ true);
+}
+
+DEFINE_BPF_PROG("schedcls/tether_upstream6_ether", AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK,
+                sched_cls_tether_upstream6_ether)
+(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    return do_forward6(skb, /* is_ethernet */ true, /* downstream */ false);
+}
+
+// Note: section names must be unique to prevent programs from appending to each other,
+// so instead the bpf loader will strip everything past the final $ symbol when actually
+// pinning the program into the filesystem.
+//
+// bpf_skb_change_head() is only present on 4.14+ and 2 trivial kernel patches are needed:
+//   ANDROID: net: bpf: Allow TC programs to call BPF_FUNC_skb_change_head
+//   ANDROID: net: bpf: permit redirect from ingress L3 to egress L2 devices at near max mtu
+// (the first of those has already been upstreamed)
+//
+// 5.4 kernel support was only added to Android Common Kernel in R,
+// and thus a 5.4 kernel always supports this.
+//
+// Hence, these mandatory (must load successfully) implementations for 5.4+ kernels:
+DEFINE_BPF_PROG_KVER("schedcls/tether_downstream6_rawip$5_4", AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK,
+                     sched_cls_tether_downstream6_rawip_5_4, KVER(5, 4, 0))
+(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    return do_forward6(skb, /* is_ethernet */ false, /* downstream */ true);
+}
+
+DEFINE_BPF_PROG_KVER("schedcls/tether_upstream6_rawip$5_4", AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK,
+                     sched_cls_tether_upstream6_rawip_5_4, KVER(5, 4, 0))
+(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    return do_forward6(skb, /* is_ethernet */ false, /* downstream */ false);
+}
+
+// and these identical optional (may fail to load) implementations for [4.14..5.4) patched kernels:
+DEFINE_OPTIONAL_BPF_PROG_KVER_RANGE("schedcls/tether_downstream6_rawip$4_14",
+                                    AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK,
+                                    sched_cls_tether_downstream6_rawip_4_14,
+                                    KVER(4, 14, 0), KVER(5, 4, 0))
+(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    return do_forward6(skb, /* is_ethernet */ false, /* downstream */ true);
+}
+
+DEFINE_OPTIONAL_BPF_PROG_KVER_RANGE("schedcls/tether_upstream6_rawip$4_14",
+                                    AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK,
+                                    sched_cls_tether_upstream6_rawip_4_14,
+                                    KVER(4, 14, 0), KVER(5, 4, 0))
+(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    return do_forward6(skb, /* is_ethernet */ false, /* downstream */ false);
+}
+
+// and define no-op stubs for [4.9,4.14) and unpatched [4.14,5.4) kernels.
+// (if the above real 4.14+ program loaded successfully, then bpfloader will have already pinned
+// it at the same location this one would be pinned at and will thus skip loading this stub)
+DEFINE_BPF_PROG_KVER_RANGE("schedcls/tether_downstream6_rawip$stub", AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK,
+                           sched_cls_tether_downstream6_rawip_stub, KVER_NONE, KVER(5, 4, 0))
+(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+}
+
+DEFINE_BPF_PROG_KVER_RANGE("schedcls/tether_upstream6_rawip$stub", AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK,
+                           sched_cls_tether_upstream6_rawip_stub, KVER_NONE, KVER(5, 4, 0))
+(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+}
+
+// ----- IPv4 Support -----
+
+DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRW(tether_downstream4_map, HASH, Tether4Key, Tether4Value, 1024, AID_NETWORK_STACK)
+
+DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRW(tether_upstream4_map, HASH, Tether4Key, Tether4Value, 1024, AID_NETWORK_STACK)
+
+static inline __always_inline int do_forward4(struct __sk_buff* skb, const bool is_ethernet,
+        const bool downstream, const bool updatetime) {
+    // Require ethernet dst mac address to be our unicast address.
+    if (is_ethernet && (skb->pkt_type != PACKET_HOST)) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+
+    // Must be meta-ethernet IPv4 frame
+    if (skb->protocol != htons(ETH_P_IP)) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+
+    const int l2_header_size = is_ethernet ? sizeof(struct ethhdr) : 0;
+
+    // Since the program never writes via DPA (direct packet access) auto-pull/unclone logic does
+    // not trigger and thus we need to manually make sure we can read packet headers via DPA.
+    // Note: this is a blind best effort pull, which may fail or pull less - this doesn't matter.
+    // It has to be done early cause it will invalidate any skb->data/data_end derived pointers.
+    try_make_readable(skb, l2_header_size + IP4_HLEN + TCP_HLEN);
+
+    void* data = (void*)(long)skb->data;
+    const void* data_end = (void*)(long)skb->data_end;
+    struct ethhdr* eth = is_ethernet ? data : NULL;  // used iff is_ethernet
+    struct iphdr* ip = is_ethernet ? (void*)(eth + 1) : data;
+
+    // Must have (ethernet and) ipv4 header
+    if (data + l2_header_size + sizeof(*ip) > data_end) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+
+    // Ethertype - if present - must be IPv4
+    if (is_ethernet && (eth->h_proto != htons(ETH_P_IP))) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+
+    // IP version must be 4
+    if (ip->version != 4) TC_PUNT(INVALID_IP_VERSION);
+
+    // We cannot handle IP options, just standard 20 byte == 5 dword minimal IPv4 header
+    if (ip->ihl != 5) TC_PUNT(HAS_IP_OPTIONS);
+
+    // Calculate the IPv4 one's complement checksum of the IPv4 header.
+    __wsum sum4 = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(*ip) / sizeof(__u16); ++i) {
+        sum4 += ((__u16*)ip)[i];
+    }
+    // Note that sum4 is guaranteed to be non-zero by virtue of ip4->version == 4
+    sum4 = (sum4 & 0xFFFF) + (sum4 >> 16);  // collapse u32 into range 1 .. 0x1FFFE
+    sum4 = (sum4 & 0xFFFF) + (sum4 >> 16);  // collapse any potential carry into u16
+    // for a correct checksum we should get *a* zero, but sum4 must be positive, ie 0xFFFF
+    if (sum4 != 0xFFFF) TC_PUNT(CHECKSUM);
+
+    // Minimum IPv4 total length is the size of the header
+    if (ntohs(ip->tot_len) < sizeof(*ip)) TC_PUNT(TRUNCATED_IPV4);
+
+    // We are incapable of dealing with IPv4 fragments
+    if (ip->frag_off & ~htons(IP_DF)) TC_PUNT(IS_IP_FRAG);
+
+    // Cannot decrement during forward if already zero or would be zero,
+    // Let the kernel's stack handle these cases and generate appropriate ICMP errors.
+    if (ip->ttl <= 1) TC_PUNT(LOW_TTL);
+
+    // If we cannot update the 'last_used' field due to lack of bpf_ktime_get_boot_ns() helper,
+    // then it is not safe to offload UDP due to the small conntrack timeouts, as such,
+    // in such a situation we can only support TCP.  This also has the added nice benefit of
+    // using a separate error counter, and thus making it obvious which version of the program
+    // is loaded.
+    if (!updatetime && ip->protocol != IPPROTO_TCP) TC_PUNT(NON_TCP);
+
+    // We do not support offloading anything besides IPv4 TCP and UDP, due to need for NAT,
+    // but no need to check this if !updatetime due to check immediately above.
+    if (updatetime && (ip->protocol != IPPROTO_TCP) && (ip->protocol != IPPROTO_UDP))
+        TC_PUNT(NON_TCP_UDP);
+
+    // We want to make sure that the compiler will, in the !updatetime case, entirely optimize
+    // out all the non-tcp logic.  Also note that at this point is_udp === !is_tcp.
+    const bool is_tcp = !updatetime || (ip->protocol == IPPROTO_TCP);
+
+    // This is a bit of a hack to make things easier on the bpf verifier.
+    // (In particular I believe the Linux 4.14 kernel's verifier can get confused later on about
+    // what offsets into the packet are valid and can spuriously reject the program, this is
+    // because it fails to realize that is_tcp && !is_tcp is impossible)
+    //
+    // For both TCP & UDP we'll need to read and modify the src/dst ports, which so happen to
+    // always be in the first 4 bytes of the L4 header.  Additionally for UDP we'll need access
+    // to the checksum field which is in bytes 7 and 8.  While for TCP we'll need to read the
+    // TCP flags (at offset 13) and access to the checksum field (2 bytes at offset 16).
+    // As such we *always* need access to at least 8 bytes.
+    if (data + l2_header_size + sizeof(*ip) + 8 > data_end) TC_PUNT(SHORT_L4_HEADER);
+
+    struct tcphdr* tcph = is_tcp ? (void*)(ip + 1) : NULL;
+    struct udphdr* udph = is_tcp ? NULL : (void*)(ip + 1);
+
+    if (is_tcp) {
+        // Make sure we can get at the tcp header
+        if (data + l2_header_size + sizeof(*ip) + sizeof(*tcph) > data_end)
+            TC_PUNT(SHORT_TCP_HEADER);
+
+        // If hardware offload is running and programming flows based on conntrack entries, try not
+        // to interfere with it, so do not offload TCP packets with any one of the SYN/FIN/RST flags
+        if (tcph->syn || tcph->fin || tcph->rst) TC_PUNT(TCP_CONTROL_PACKET);
+    } else { // UDP
+        // Make sure we can get at the udp header
+        if (data + l2_header_size + sizeof(*ip) + sizeof(*udph) > data_end)
+            TC_PUNT(SHORT_UDP_HEADER);
+
+        // Skip handling of CHECKSUM_COMPLETE packets with udp checksum zero due to need for
+        // additional updating of skb->csum (this could be fixed up manually with more effort).
+        //
+        // Note that the in-kernel implementation of 'int64_t bpf_csum_update(skb, u32 csum)' is:
+        //   if (skb->ip_summed == CHECKSUM_COMPLETE)
+        //     return (skb->csum = csum_add(skb->csum, csum));
+        //   else
+        //     return -ENOTSUPP;
+        //
+        // So this will punt any CHECKSUM_COMPLETE packet with a zero UDP checksum,
+        // and leave all other packets unaffected (since it just at most adds zero to skb->csum).
+        //
+        // In practice this should almost never trigger because most nics do not generate
+        // CHECKSUM_COMPLETE packets on receive - especially so for nics/drivers on a phone.
+        //
+        // Additionally since we're forwarding, in most cases the value of the skb->csum field
+        // shouldn't matter (it's not used by physical nic egress).
+        //
+        // It only matters if we're ingressing through a CHECKSUM_COMPLETE capable nic
+        // and egressing through a virtual interface looping back to the kernel itself
+        // (ie. something like veth) where the CHECKSUM_COMPLETE/skb->csum can get reused
+        // on ingress.
+        //
+        // If we were in the kernel we'd simply probably call
+        //   void skb_checksum_complete_unset(struct sk_buff *skb) {
+        //     if (skb->ip_summed == CHECKSUM_COMPLETE) skb->ip_summed = CHECKSUM_NONE;
+        //   }
+        // here instead.  Perhaps there should be a bpf helper for that?
+        if (!udph->check && (bpf_csum_update(skb, 0) >= 0)) TC_PUNT(UDP_CSUM_ZERO);
+    }
+
+    Tether4Key k = {
+            .iif = skb->ifindex,
+            .l4Proto = ip->protocol,
+            .src4.s_addr = ip->saddr,
+            .dst4.s_addr = ip->daddr,
+            .srcPort = is_tcp ? tcph->source : udph->source,
+            .dstPort = is_tcp ? tcph->dest : udph->dest,
+    };
+    if (is_ethernet) __builtin_memcpy(k.dstMac, eth->h_dest, ETH_ALEN);
+
+    Tether4Value* v = downstream ? bpf_tether_downstream4_map_lookup_elem(&k)
+                                 : bpf_tether_upstream4_map_lookup_elem(&k);
+
+    // If we don't find any offload information then simply let the core stack handle it...
+    if (!v) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+
+    uint32_t stat_and_limit_k = downstream ? skb->ifindex : v->oif;
+
+    TetherStatsValue* stat_v = bpf_tether_stats_map_lookup_elem(&stat_and_limit_k);
+
+    // If we don't have anywhere to put stats, then abort...
+    if (!stat_v) TC_PUNT(NO_STATS_ENTRY);
+
+    uint64_t* limit_v = bpf_tether_limit_map_lookup_elem(&stat_and_limit_k);
+
+    // If we don't have a limit, then abort...
+    if (!limit_v) TC_PUNT(NO_LIMIT_ENTRY);
+
+    // Required IPv4 minimum mtu is 68, below that not clear what we should do, abort...
+    if (v->pmtu < 68) TC_PUNT(BELOW_IPV4_MTU);
+
+    // Approximate handling of TCP/IPv4 overhead for incoming LRO/GRO packets: default
+    // outbound path mtu of 1500 is not necessarily correct, but worst case we simply
+    // undercount, which is still better then not accounting for this overhead at all.
+    // Note: this really shouldn't be device/path mtu at all, but rather should be
+    // derived from this particular connection's mss (ie. from gro segment size).
+    // This would require a much newer kernel with newer ebpf accessors.
+    // (This is also blindly assuming 12 bytes of tcp timestamp option in tcp header)
+    uint64_t packets = 1;
+    uint64_t bytes = skb->len;
+    if (bytes > v->pmtu) {
+        const int tcp_overhead = sizeof(struct iphdr) + sizeof(struct tcphdr) + 12;
+        const int mss = v->pmtu - tcp_overhead;
+        const uint64_t payload = bytes - tcp_overhead;
+        packets = (payload + mss - 1) / mss;
+        bytes = tcp_overhead * packets + payload;
+    }
+
+    // Are we past the limit?  If so, then abort...
+    // Note: will not overflow since u64 is 936 years even at 5Gbps.
+    // Do not drop here.  Offload is just that, whenever we fail to handle
+    // a packet we let the core stack deal with things.
+    // (The core stack needs to handle limits correctly anyway,
+    // since we don't offload all traffic in both directions)
+    if (stat_v->rxBytes + stat_v->txBytes + bytes > *limit_v) TC_PUNT(LIMIT_REACHED);
+
+    if (!is_ethernet) {
+        // Try to inject an ethernet header, and simply return if we fail.
+        // We do this even if TX interface is RAWIP and thus does not need an ethernet header,
+        // because this is easier and the kernel will strip extraneous ethernet header.
+        if (bpf_skb_change_head(skb, sizeof(struct ethhdr), /*flags*/ 0)) {
+            __sync_fetch_and_add(downstream ? &stat_v->rxErrors : &stat_v->txErrors, 1);
+            TC_PUNT(CHANGE_HEAD_FAILED);
+        }
+
+        // bpf_skb_change_head() invalidates all pointers - reload them
+        data = (void*)(long)skb->data;
+        data_end = (void*)(long)skb->data_end;
+        eth = data;
+        ip = (void*)(eth + 1);
+        tcph = is_tcp ? (void*)(ip + 1) : NULL;
+        udph = is_tcp ? NULL : (void*)(ip + 1);
+
+        // I do not believe this can ever happen, but keep the verifier happy...
+        if (data + sizeof(struct ethhdr) + sizeof(*ip) + (is_tcp ? sizeof(*tcph) : sizeof(*udph)) > data_end) {
+            __sync_fetch_and_add(downstream ? &stat_v->rxErrors : &stat_v->txErrors, 1);
+            TC_DROP(TOO_SHORT);
+        }
+    };
+
+    // At this point we always have an ethernet header - which will get stripped by the
+    // kernel during transmit through a rawip interface.  ie. 'eth' pointer is valid.
+    // Additionally note that 'is_ethernet' and 'l2_header_size' are no longer correct.
+
+    // Overwrite any mac header with the new one
+    // For a rawip tx interface it will simply be a bunch of zeroes and later stripped.
+    *eth = v->macHeader;
+
+    // Decrement the IPv4 TTL, we already know it's greater than 1.
+    // u8 TTL field is followed by u8 protocol to make a u16 for ipv4 header checksum update.
+    // Since we're keeping the ipv4 checksum valid (which means the checksum of the entire
+    // ipv4 header remains 0), the overall checksum of the entire packet does not change.
+    const int sz2 = sizeof(__be16);
+    const __be16 old_ttl_proto = *(__be16 *)&ip->ttl;
+    const __be16 new_ttl_proto = old_ttl_proto - htons(0x0100);
+    bpf_l3_csum_replace(skb, ETH_IP4_OFFSET(check), old_ttl_proto, new_ttl_proto, sz2);
+    bpf_skb_store_bytes(skb, ETH_IP4_OFFSET(ttl), &new_ttl_proto, sz2, 0);
+
+    const int l4_offs_csum = is_tcp ? ETH_IP4_TCP_OFFSET(check) : ETH_IP4_UDP_OFFSET(check);
+    const int sz4 = sizeof(__be32);
+    // UDP 0 is special and stored as FFFF (this flag also causes a csum of 0 to be unmodified)
+    const int l4_flags = is_tcp ? 0 : BPF_F_MARK_MANGLED_0;
+    const __be32 old_daddr = k.dst4.s_addr;
+    const __be32 old_saddr = k.src4.s_addr;
+    const __be32 new_daddr = v->dst46.s6_addr32[3];
+    const __be32 new_saddr = v->src46.s6_addr32[3];
+
+    bpf_l4_csum_replace(skb, l4_offs_csum, old_daddr, new_daddr, sz4 | BPF_F_PSEUDO_HDR | l4_flags);
+    bpf_l3_csum_replace(skb, ETH_IP4_OFFSET(check), old_daddr, new_daddr, sz4);
+    bpf_skb_store_bytes(skb, ETH_IP4_OFFSET(daddr), &new_daddr, sz4, 0);
+
+    bpf_l4_csum_replace(skb, l4_offs_csum, old_saddr, new_saddr, sz4 | BPF_F_PSEUDO_HDR | l4_flags);
+    bpf_l3_csum_replace(skb, ETH_IP4_OFFSET(check), old_saddr, new_saddr, sz4);
+    bpf_skb_store_bytes(skb, ETH_IP4_OFFSET(saddr), &new_saddr, sz4, 0);
+
+    // The offsets for TCP and UDP ports: source (u16 @ L4 offset 0) & dest (u16 @ L4 offset 2) are
+    // actually the same, so the compiler should just optimize them both down to a constant.
+    bpf_l4_csum_replace(skb, l4_offs_csum, k.srcPort, v->srcPort, sz2 | l4_flags);
+    bpf_skb_store_bytes(skb, is_tcp ? ETH_IP4_TCP_OFFSET(source) : ETH_IP4_UDP_OFFSET(source),
+                        &v->srcPort, sz2, 0);
+
+    bpf_l4_csum_replace(skb, l4_offs_csum, k.dstPort, v->dstPort, sz2 | l4_flags);
+    bpf_skb_store_bytes(skb, is_tcp ? ETH_IP4_TCP_OFFSET(dest) : ETH_IP4_UDP_OFFSET(dest),
+                        &v->dstPort, sz2, 0);
+
+    // This requires the bpf_ktime_get_boot_ns() helper which was added in 5.8,
+    // and backported to all Android Common Kernel 4.14+ trees.
+    if (updatetime) v->last_used = bpf_ktime_get_boot_ns();
+
+    __sync_fetch_and_add(downstream ? &stat_v->rxPackets : &stat_v->txPackets, packets);
+    __sync_fetch_and_add(downstream ? &stat_v->rxBytes : &stat_v->txBytes, bytes);
+
+    // Redirect to forwarded interface.
+    //
+    // Note that bpf_redirect() cannot fail unless you pass invalid flags.
+    // The redirect actually happens after the ebpf program has already terminated,
+    // and can fail for example for mtu reasons at that point in time, but there's nothing
+    // we can do about it here.
+    return bpf_redirect(v->oif, 0 /* this is effectively BPF_F_EGRESS */);
+}
+
+// Full featured (required) implementations for 5.8+ kernels (these are S+ by definition)
+
+DEFINE_BPF_PROG_KVER("schedcls/tether_downstream4_rawip$5_8", AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK,
+                     sched_cls_tether_downstream4_rawip_5_8, KVER(5, 8, 0))
+(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    return do_forward4(skb, /* is_ethernet */ false, /* downstream */ true, /* updatetime */ true);
+}
+
+DEFINE_BPF_PROG_KVER("schedcls/tether_upstream4_rawip$5_8", AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK,
+                     sched_cls_tether_upstream4_rawip_5_8, KVER(5, 8, 0))
+(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    return do_forward4(skb, /* is_ethernet */ false, /* downstream */ false, /* updatetime */ true);
+}
+
+DEFINE_BPF_PROG_KVER("schedcls/tether_downstream4_ether$5_8", AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK,
+                     sched_cls_tether_downstream4_ether_5_8, KVER(5, 8, 0))
+(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    return do_forward4(skb, /* is_ethernet */ true, /* downstream */ true, /* updatetime */ true);
+}
+
+DEFINE_BPF_PROG_KVER("schedcls/tether_upstream4_ether$5_8", AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK,
+                     sched_cls_tether_upstream4_ether_5_8, KVER(5, 8, 0))
+(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    return do_forward4(skb, /* is_ethernet */ true, /* downstream */ false, /* updatetime */ true);
+}
+
+// Full featured (optional) implementations for 4.14-S, 4.19-S & 5.4-S kernels
+// (optional, because we need to be able to fallback for 4.14/4.19/5.4 pre-S kernels)
+
+DEFINE_OPTIONAL_BPF_PROG_KVER_RANGE("schedcls/tether_downstream4_rawip$opt",
+                                    AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK,
+                                    sched_cls_tether_downstream4_rawip_opt,
+                                    KVER(4, 14, 0), KVER(5, 8, 0))
+(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    return do_forward4(skb, /* is_ethernet */ false, /* downstream */ true, /* updatetime */ true);
+}
+
+DEFINE_OPTIONAL_BPF_PROG_KVER_RANGE("schedcls/tether_upstream4_rawip$opt",
+                                    AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK,
+                                    sched_cls_tether_upstream4_rawip_opt,
+                                    KVER(4, 14, 0), KVER(5, 8, 0))
+(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    return do_forward4(skb, /* is_ethernet */ false, /* downstream */ false, /* updatetime */ true);
+}
+
+DEFINE_OPTIONAL_BPF_PROG_KVER_RANGE("schedcls/tether_downstream4_ether$opt",
+                                    AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK,
+                                    sched_cls_tether_downstream4_ether_opt,
+                                    KVER(4, 14, 0), KVER(5, 8, 0))
+(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    return do_forward4(skb, /* is_ethernet */ true, /* downstream */ true, /* updatetime */ true);
+}
+
+DEFINE_OPTIONAL_BPF_PROG_KVER_RANGE("schedcls/tether_upstream4_ether$opt",
+                                    AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK,
+                                    sched_cls_tether_upstream4_ether_opt,
+                                    KVER(4, 14, 0), KVER(5, 8, 0))
+(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    return do_forward4(skb, /* is_ethernet */ true, /* downstream */ false, /* updatetime */ true);
+}
+
+// Partial (TCP-only: will not update 'last_used' field) implementations for 4.14+ kernels.
+// These will be loaded only if the above optional ones failed (loading of *these* must succeed
+// for 5.4+, since that is always an R patched kernel).
+//
+// [Note: as a result TCP connections will not have their conntrack timeout refreshed, however,
+// since /proc/sys/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established defaults to 432000 (seconds),
+// this in practice means they'll break only after 5 days.  This seems an acceptable trade-off.
+//
+// Additionally kernel/tests change "net-test: add bpf_ktime_get_ns / bpf_ktime_get_boot_ns tests"
+// which enforces and documents the required kernel cherrypicks will make it pretty unlikely that
+// many devices upgrading to S will end up relying on these fallback programs.
+
+// RAWIP: Required for 5.4-R kernels -- which always support bpf_skb_change_head().
+
+DEFINE_BPF_PROG_KVER_RANGE("schedcls/tether_downstream4_rawip$5_4", AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK,
+                           sched_cls_tether_downstream4_rawip_5_4, KVER(5, 4, 0), KVER(5, 8, 0))
+(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    return do_forward4(skb, /* is_ethernet */ false, /* downstream */ true, /* updatetime */ false);
+}
+
+DEFINE_BPF_PROG_KVER_RANGE("schedcls/tether_upstream4_rawip$5_4", AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK,
+                           sched_cls_tether_upstream4_rawip_5_4, KVER(5, 4, 0), KVER(5, 8, 0))
+(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    return do_forward4(skb, /* is_ethernet */ false, /* downstream */ false, /* updatetime */ false);
+}
+
+// RAWIP: Optional for 4.14/4.19 (R) kernels -- which support bpf_skb_change_head().
+// [Note: fallback for 4.14/4.19 (P/Q) kernels is below in stub section]
+
+DEFINE_OPTIONAL_BPF_PROG_KVER_RANGE("schedcls/tether_downstream4_rawip$4_14",
+                                    AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK,
+                                    sched_cls_tether_downstream4_rawip_4_14,
+                                    KVER(4, 14, 0), KVER(5, 4, 0))
+(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    return do_forward4(skb, /* is_ethernet */ false, /* downstream */ true, /* updatetime */ false);
+}
+
+DEFINE_OPTIONAL_BPF_PROG_KVER_RANGE("schedcls/tether_upstream4_rawip$4_14",
+                                    AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK,
+                                    sched_cls_tether_upstream4_rawip_4_14,
+                                    KVER(4, 14, 0), KVER(5, 4, 0))
+(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    return do_forward4(skb, /* is_ethernet */ false, /* downstream */ false, /* updatetime */ false);
+}
+
+// ETHER: Required for 4.14-Q/R, 4.19-Q/R & 5.4-R kernels.
+
+DEFINE_BPF_PROG_KVER_RANGE("schedcls/tether_downstream4_ether$4_14", AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK,
+                           sched_cls_tether_downstream4_ether_4_14, KVER(4, 14, 0), KVER(5, 8, 0))
+(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    return do_forward4(skb, /* is_ethernet */ true, /* downstream */ true, /* updatetime */ false);
+}
+
+DEFINE_BPF_PROG_KVER_RANGE("schedcls/tether_upstream4_ether$4_14", AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK,
+                           sched_cls_tether_upstream4_ether_4_14, KVER(4, 14, 0), KVER(5, 8, 0))
+(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    return do_forward4(skb, /* is_ethernet */ true, /* downstream */ false, /* updatetime */ false);
+}
+
+// Placeholder (no-op) implementations for older Q kernels
+
+// RAWIP: 4.9-P/Q, 4.14-P/Q & 4.19-Q kernels -- without bpf_skb_change_head() for tc programs
+
+DEFINE_BPF_PROG_KVER_RANGE("schedcls/tether_downstream4_rawip$stub", AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK,
+                           sched_cls_tether_downstream4_rawip_stub, KVER_NONE, KVER(5, 4, 0))
+(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+}
+
+DEFINE_BPF_PROG_KVER_RANGE("schedcls/tether_upstream4_rawip$stub", AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK,
+                           sched_cls_tether_upstream4_rawip_stub, KVER_NONE, KVER(5, 4, 0))
+(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+}
+
+// ETHER: 4.9-P/Q kernel
+
+DEFINE_BPF_PROG_KVER_RANGE("schedcls/tether_downstream4_ether$stub", AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK,
+                           sched_cls_tether_downstream4_ether_stub, KVER_NONE, KVER(4, 14, 0))
+(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+}
+
+DEFINE_BPF_PROG_KVER_RANGE("schedcls/tether_upstream4_ether$stub", AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK,
+                           sched_cls_tether_upstream4_ether_stub, KVER_NONE, KVER(4, 14, 0))
+(struct __sk_buff* skb) {
+    return TC_ACT_PIPE;
+}
+
+// ----- XDP Support -----
+
+DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRW(tether_dev_map, DEVMAP_HASH, uint32_t, uint32_t, 64, AID_NETWORK_STACK)
+
+static inline __always_inline int do_xdp_forward6(struct xdp_md *ctx, const bool is_ethernet,
+        const bool downstream) {
+    return XDP_PASS;
+}
+
+static inline __always_inline int do_xdp_forward4(struct xdp_md *ctx, const bool is_ethernet,
+        const bool downstream) {
+    return XDP_PASS;
+}
+
+static inline __always_inline int do_xdp_forward_ether(struct xdp_md *ctx, const bool downstream) {
+    const void* data = (void*)(long)ctx->data;
+    const void* data_end = (void*)(long)ctx->data_end;
+    const struct ethhdr* eth = data;
+
+    // Make sure we actually have an ethernet header
+    if ((void*)(eth + 1) > data_end) return XDP_PASS;
+
+    if (eth->h_proto == htons(ETH_P_IPV6))
+        return do_xdp_forward6(ctx, /* is_ethernet */ true, downstream);
+    if (eth->h_proto == htons(ETH_P_IP))
+        return do_xdp_forward4(ctx, /* is_ethernet */ true, downstream);
+
+    // Anything else we don't know how to handle...
+    return XDP_PASS;
+}
+
+static inline __always_inline int do_xdp_forward_rawip(struct xdp_md *ctx, const bool downstream) {
+    const void* data = (void*)(long)ctx->data;
+    const void* data_end = (void*)(long)ctx->data_end;
+
+    // The top nibble of both IPv4 and IPv6 headers is the IP version.
+    if (data_end - data < 1) return XDP_PASS;
+    const uint8_t v = (*(uint8_t*)data) >> 4;
+
+    if (v == 6) return do_xdp_forward6(ctx, /* is_ethernet */ false, downstream);
+    if (v == 4) return do_xdp_forward4(ctx, /* is_ethernet */ false, downstream);
+
+    // Anything else we don't know how to handle...
+    return XDP_PASS;
+}
+
+#define DEFINE_XDP_PROG(str, func) \
+    DEFINE_BPF_PROG_KVER(str, AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK, func, KVER(5, 9, 0))(struct xdp_md *ctx)
+
+DEFINE_XDP_PROG("xdp/tether_downstream_ether",
+                 xdp_tether_downstream_ether) {
+    return do_xdp_forward_ether(ctx, /* downstream */ true);
+}
+
+DEFINE_XDP_PROG("xdp/tether_downstream_rawip",
+                 xdp_tether_downstream_rawip) {
+    return do_xdp_forward_rawip(ctx, /* downstream */ true);
+}
+
+DEFINE_XDP_PROG("xdp/tether_upstream_ether",
+                 xdp_tether_upstream_ether) {
+    return do_xdp_forward_ether(ctx, /* downstream */ false);
+}
+
+DEFINE_XDP_PROG("xdp/tether_upstream_rawip",
+                 xdp_tether_upstream_rawip) {
+    return do_xdp_forward_rawip(ctx, /* downstream */ false);
+}
+
+LICENSE("Apache 2.0");
+CRITICAL("tethering");
diff --git a/bpf_progs/test.c b/bpf_progs/test.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9c73f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bpf_progs/test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/if_ether.h>
+#include <linux/in.h>
+#include <linux/ip.h>
+
+// The resulting .o needs to load on the Android S bpfloader v0.2
+#define BPFLOADER_MIN_VER 2u
+
+#include "bpf_helpers.h"
+#include "bpf_net_helpers.h"
+#include "bpf_tethering.h"
+
+// Used only by TetheringPrivilegedTests, not by production code.
+DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRW(tether_downstream6_map, HASH, TetherDownstream6Key, Tether6Value, 16,
+                   AID_NETWORK_STACK)
+// Used only by BpfBitmapTest, not by production code.
+DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRW(bitmap, ARRAY, int, uint64_t, 2,
+                   AID_NETWORK_STACK)
+
+DEFINE_BPF_PROG_KVER("xdp/drop_ipv4_udp_ether", AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK,
+                      xdp_test, KVER(5, 9, 0))
+(struct xdp_md *ctx) {
+    void *data = (void *)(long)ctx->data;
+    void *data_end = (void *)(long)ctx->data_end;
+
+    struct ethhdr *eth = data;
+    int hsize = sizeof(*eth);
+
+    struct iphdr *ip = data + hsize;
+    hsize += sizeof(struct iphdr);
+
+    if (data + hsize > data_end) return XDP_PASS;
+    if (eth->h_proto != htons(ETH_P_IP)) return XDP_PASS;
+    if (ip->protocol == IPPROTO_UDP) return XDP_DROP;
+    return XDP_PASS;
+}
+
+LICENSE("Apache 2.0");
diff --git a/framework-t/Android.bp b/framework-t/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ce96ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+java_defaults {
+    name: "enable-framework-connectivity-t-targets",
+    enabled: true,
+}
+// The above defaults can be used to disable framework-connectivity t
+// targets while minimizing merge conflicts in the build rules.
+
+// SDK library for connectivity bootclasspath classes that were part of the non-updatable API before
+// T, and were moved to the module in T. Other bootclasspath classes in connectivity should go to
+// framework-connectivity.
+java_defaults {
+    name: "framework-connectivity-t-defaults",
+    sdk_version: "module_current",
+    min_sdk_version: "Tiramisu",
+    defaults: [
+        "framework-module-defaults",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        ":framework-connectivity-tiramisu-updatable-sources",
+        ":framework-nearby-java-sources",
+    ],
+    stub_only_libs: [
+        // Use prebuilt framework-connectivity stubs to avoid circular dependencies
+        "sdk_module-lib_current_framework-connectivity",
+    ],
+    libs: [
+        "unsupportedappusage",
+        "app-compat-annotations",
+        "sdk_module-lib_current_framework-connectivity",
+    ],
+    impl_only_libs: [
+        // The build system will use framework-bluetooth module_current stubs, because
+        // of sdk_version: "module_current" above.
+        "framework-bluetooth",
+        "framework-wifi",
+        // Compile against the entire implementation of framework-connectivity,
+        // including hidden methods. This is safe because if framework-connectivity-t is
+        // on the bootclasspath (i.e., T), then framework-connectivity is also on the
+        // bootclasspath (because it shipped in S).
+        //
+        // This compiles against the pre-jarjar target so that this code can use
+        // non-jarjard names of widely-used packages such as com.android.net.module.util.
+        "framework-connectivity-pre-jarjar",
+    ],
+    aidl: {
+        generate_get_transaction_name: true,
+        include_dirs: [
+            // For connectivity-framework classes such as Network.aidl,
+            // and connectivity-framework-t classes such as
+            // NetworkStateSnapshot.aidl
+            "packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/aidl-export",
+        ],
+    },
+    apex_available: [
+        "com.android.tethering",
+    ],
+}
+
+java_library {
+    name: "framework-connectivity-t-pre-jarjar",
+    defaults: ["framework-connectivity-t-defaults"],
+    libs: [
+        "framework-bluetooth",
+        "framework-wifi",
+        "framework-connectivity-pre-jarjar",
+    ],
+    visibility: ["//packages/modules/Connectivity:__subpackages__"],
+}
+
+// SDK library for connectivity bootclasspath classes that were part of the non-updatable API before
+// T, and were moved to the module in T. Other bootclasspath classes in connectivity should go to
+// framework-connectivity.
+java_sdk_library {
+    name: "framework-connectivity-t",
+    defaults: [
+        "framework-connectivity-t-defaults",
+        "enable-framework-connectivity-t-targets",
+    ],
+    // Do not add static_libs to this library: put them in framework-connectivity instead.
+    // The jarjar rules are only so that references to jarjared utils in
+    // framework-connectivity-pre-jarjar match at runtime.
+    jarjar_rules: ":connectivity-jarjar-rules",
+    permitted_packages: [
+        "android.app.usage",
+        "android.net",
+        "android.net.nsd",
+        "android.nearby",
+        "com.android.connectivity",
+        "com.android.nearby",
+    ],
+    impl_library_visibility: [
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/Tethering/apex",
+        // In preparation for future move
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/apex",
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/service-t",
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/service",
+        "//frameworks/base",
+
+        // Tests using hidden APIs
+        "//cts/tests/netlegacy22.api",
+        "//cts/tests/tests/app.usage", // NetworkUsageStatsTest
+        "//external/sl4a:__subpackages__",
+        "//frameworks/base/core/tests/bandwidthtests",
+        "//frameworks/base/core/tests/benchmarks",
+        "//frameworks/base/core/tests/utillib",
+        "//frameworks/base/tests/vcn",
+        "//frameworks/libs/net/common/testutils",
+        "//frameworks/libs/net/common/tests:__subpackages__",
+        "//frameworks/opt/net/ethernet/tests:__subpackages__",
+        "//frameworks/opt/telephony/tests/telephonytests",
+        "//packages/modules/CaptivePortalLogin/tests",
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/Tethering/tests:__subpackages__",
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/tests:__subpackages__",
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/tests:__subpackages__",
+        "//packages/modules/IPsec/tests/iketests",
+        "//packages/modules/NetworkStack/tests:__subpackages__",
+        "//packages/modules/Wifi/service/tests/wifitests",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/api/OWNERS b/framework-t/api/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de0f905
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/api/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+file:platform/packages/modules/Connectivity:master:/nearby/OWNERS
diff --git a/framework-t/api/current.txt b/framework-t/api/current.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..84cdbf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/api/current.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+// Signature format: 2.0
+package android.app.usage {
+
+  public final class NetworkStats implements java.lang.AutoCloseable {
+    method public void close();
+    method public boolean getNextBucket(@Nullable android.app.usage.NetworkStats.Bucket);
+    method public boolean hasNextBucket();
+  }
+
+  public static class NetworkStats.Bucket {
+    ctor public NetworkStats.Bucket();
+    method public int getDefaultNetworkStatus();
+    method public long getEndTimeStamp();
+    method public int getMetered();
+    method public int getRoaming();
+    method public long getRxBytes();
+    method public long getRxPackets();
+    method public long getStartTimeStamp();
+    method public int getState();
+    method public int getTag();
+    method public long getTxBytes();
+    method public long getTxPackets();
+    method public int getUid();
+    field public static final int DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL = -1; // 0xffffffff
+    field public static final int DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int METERED_ALL = -1; // 0xffffffff
+    field public static final int METERED_NO = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int METERED_YES = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int ROAMING_ALL = -1; // 0xffffffff
+    field public static final int ROAMING_NO = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int ROAMING_YES = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int STATE_ALL = -1; // 0xffffffff
+    field public static final int STATE_DEFAULT = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int STATE_FOREGROUND = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int TAG_NONE = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int UID_ALL = -1; // 0xffffffff
+    field public static final int UID_REMOVED = -4; // 0xfffffffc
+    field public static final int UID_TETHERING = -5; // 0xfffffffb
+  }
+
+  public class NetworkStatsManager {
+    method @WorkerThread public android.app.usage.NetworkStats queryDetails(int, @Nullable String, long, long) throws android.os.RemoteException, java.lang.SecurityException;
+    method @NonNull @WorkerThread public android.app.usage.NetworkStats queryDetailsForUid(int, @Nullable String, long, long, int) throws java.lang.SecurityException;
+    method @NonNull @WorkerThread public android.app.usage.NetworkStats queryDetailsForUidTag(int, @Nullable String, long, long, int, int) throws java.lang.SecurityException;
+    method @NonNull @WorkerThread public android.app.usage.NetworkStats queryDetailsForUidTagState(int, @Nullable String, long, long, int, int, int) throws java.lang.SecurityException;
+    method @WorkerThread public android.app.usage.NetworkStats querySummary(int, @Nullable String, long, long) throws android.os.RemoteException, java.lang.SecurityException;
+    method @WorkerThread public android.app.usage.NetworkStats.Bucket querySummaryForDevice(int, @Nullable String, long, long) throws android.os.RemoteException, java.lang.SecurityException;
+    method @WorkerThread public android.app.usage.NetworkStats.Bucket querySummaryForUser(int, @Nullable String, long, long) throws android.os.RemoteException, java.lang.SecurityException;
+    method public void registerUsageCallback(int, @Nullable String, long, @NonNull android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager.UsageCallback);
+    method public void registerUsageCallback(int, @Nullable String, long, @NonNull android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager.UsageCallback, @Nullable android.os.Handler);
+    method public void unregisterUsageCallback(@NonNull android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager.UsageCallback);
+  }
+
+  public abstract static class NetworkStatsManager.UsageCallback {
+    ctor public NetworkStatsManager.UsageCallback();
+    method public abstract void onThresholdReached(int, @Nullable String);
+  }
+
+}
+
+package android.net {
+
+  public final class EthernetNetworkSpecifier extends android.net.NetworkSpecifier implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public EthernetNetworkSpecifier(@NonNull String);
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method @Nullable public String getInterfaceName();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.EthernetNetworkSpecifier> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  public final class IpSecAlgorithm implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public IpSecAlgorithm(@NonNull String, @NonNull byte[]);
+    ctor public IpSecAlgorithm(@NonNull String, @NonNull byte[], int);
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method @NonNull public byte[] getKey();
+    method @NonNull public String getName();
+    method @NonNull public static java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getSupportedAlgorithms();
+    method public int getTruncationLengthBits();
+    method public void writeToParcel(android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field public static final String AUTH_AES_CMAC = "cmac(aes)";
+    field public static final String AUTH_AES_XCBC = "xcbc(aes)";
+    field public static final String AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM = "rfc4106(gcm(aes))";
+    field public static final String AUTH_CRYPT_CHACHA20_POLY1305 = "rfc7539esp(chacha20,poly1305)";
+    field public static final String AUTH_HMAC_MD5 = "hmac(md5)";
+    field public static final String AUTH_HMAC_SHA1 = "hmac(sha1)";
+    field public static final String AUTH_HMAC_SHA256 = "hmac(sha256)";
+    field public static final String AUTH_HMAC_SHA384 = "hmac(sha384)";
+    field public static final String AUTH_HMAC_SHA512 = "hmac(sha512)";
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.IpSecAlgorithm> CREATOR;
+    field public static final String CRYPT_AES_CBC = "cbc(aes)";
+    field public static final String CRYPT_AES_CTR = "rfc3686(ctr(aes))";
+  }
+
+  public class IpSecManager {
+    method @NonNull public android.net.IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex allocateSecurityParameterIndex(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress) throws android.net.IpSecManager.ResourceUnavailableException;
+    method @NonNull public android.net.IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex allocateSecurityParameterIndex(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress, int) throws android.net.IpSecManager.ResourceUnavailableException, android.net.IpSecManager.SpiUnavailableException;
+    method public void applyTransportModeTransform(@NonNull java.net.Socket, int, @NonNull android.net.IpSecTransform) throws java.io.IOException;
+    method public void applyTransportModeTransform(@NonNull java.net.DatagramSocket, int, @NonNull android.net.IpSecTransform) throws java.io.IOException;
+    method public void applyTransportModeTransform(@NonNull java.io.FileDescriptor, int, @NonNull android.net.IpSecTransform) throws java.io.IOException;
+    method @NonNull public android.net.IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket openUdpEncapsulationSocket(int) throws java.io.IOException, android.net.IpSecManager.ResourceUnavailableException;
+    method @NonNull public android.net.IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket openUdpEncapsulationSocket() throws java.io.IOException, android.net.IpSecManager.ResourceUnavailableException;
+    method public void removeTransportModeTransforms(@NonNull java.net.Socket) throws java.io.IOException;
+    method public void removeTransportModeTransforms(@NonNull java.net.DatagramSocket) throws java.io.IOException;
+    method public void removeTransportModeTransforms(@NonNull java.io.FileDescriptor) throws java.io.IOException;
+    field public static final int DIRECTION_IN = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int DIRECTION_OUT = 1; // 0x1
+  }
+
+  public static final class IpSecManager.ResourceUnavailableException extends android.util.AndroidException {
+  }
+
+  public static final class IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex implements java.lang.AutoCloseable {
+    method public void close();
+    method public int getSpi();
+  }
+
+  public static final class IpSecManager.SpiUnavailableException extends android.util.AndroidException {
+    method public int getSpi();
+  }
+
+  public static final class IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket implements java.lang.AutoCloseable {
+    method public void close() throws java.io.IOException;
+    method public java.io.FileDescriptor getFileDescriptor();
+    method public int getPort();
+  }
+
+  public final class IpSecTransform implements java.lang.AutoCloseable {
+    method public void close();
+  }
+
+  public static class IpSecTransform.Builder {
+    ctor public IpSecTransform.Builder(@NonNull android.content.Context);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.IpSecTransform buildTransportModeTransform(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress, @NonNull android.net.IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex) throws java.io.IOException, android.net.IpSecManager.ResourceUnavailableException, android.net.IpSecManager.SpiUnavailableException;
+    method @NonNull public android.net.IpSecTransform.Builder setAuthenticatedEncryption(@NonNull android.net.IpSecAlgorithm);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.IpSecTransform.Builder setAuthentication(@NonNull android.net.IpSecAlgorithm);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.IpSecTransform.Builder setEncryption(@NonNull android.net.IpSecAlgorithm);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.IpSecTransform.Builder setIpv4Encapsulation(@NonNull android.net.IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket, int);
+  }
+
+  public class TrafficStats {
+    ctor public TrafficStats();
+    method public static void clearThreadStatsTag();
+    method public static void clearThreadStatsUid();
+    method public static int getAndSetThreadStatsTag(int);
+    method public static long getMobileRxBytes();
+    method public static long getMobileRxPackets();
+    method public static long getMobileTxBytes();
+    method public static long getMobileTxPackets();
+    method public static long getRxBytes(@NonNull String);
+    method public static long getRxPackets(@NonNull String);
+    method public static int getThreadStatsTag();
+    method public static int getThreadStatsUid();
+    method public static long getTotalRxBytes();
+    method public static long getTotalRxPackets();
+    method public static long getTotalTxBytes();
+    method public static long getTotalTxPackets();
+    method public static long getTxBytes(@NonNull String);
+    method public static long getTxPackets(@NonNull String);
+    method public static long getUidRxBytes(int);
+    method public static long getUidRxPackets(int);
+    method @Deprecated public static long getUidTcpRxBytes(int);
+    method @Deprecated public static long getUidTcpRxSegments(int);
+    method @Deprecated public static long getUidTcpTxBytes(int);
+    method @Deprecated public static long getUidTcpTxSegments(int);
+    method public static long getUidTxBytes(int);
+    method public static long getUidTxPackets(int);
+    method @Deprecated public static long getUidUdpRxBytes(int);
+    method @Deprecated public static long getUidUdpRxPackets(int);
+    method @Deprecated public static long getUidUdpTxBytes(int);
+    method @Deprecated public static long getUidUdpTxPackets(int);
+    method public static void incrementOperationCount(int);
+    method public static void incrementOperationCount(int, int);
+    method public static void setThreadStatsTag(int);
+    method public static void setThreadStatsUid(int);
+    method public static void tagDatagramSocket(@NonNull java.net.DatagramSocket) throws java.net.SocketException;
+    method public static void tagFileDescriptor(@NonNull java.io.FileDescriptor) throws java.io.IOException;
+    method public static void tagSocket(@NonNull java.net.Socket) throws java.net.SocketException;
+    method public static void untagDatagramSocket(@NonNull java.net.DatagramSocket) throws java.net.SocketException;
+    method public static void untagFileDescriptor(@NonNull java.io.FileDescriptor) throws java.io.IOException;
+    method public static void untagSocket(@NonNull java.net.Socket) throws java.net.SocketException;
+    field public static final int UNSUPPORTED = -1; // 0xffffffff
+  }
+
+}
+
+package android.net.nsd {
+
+  public final class NsdManager {
+    method public void discoverServices(String, int, android.net.nsd.NsdManager.DiscoveryListener);
+    method public void discoverServices(@NonNull String, int, @Nullable android.net.Network, @NonNull android.net.nsd.NsdManager.DiscoveryListener);
+    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public void discoverServices(@NonNull String, int, @NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest, @NonNull android.net.nsd.NsdManager.DiscoveryListener);
+    method public void registerService(android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo, int, android.net.nsd.NsdManager.RegistrationListener);
+    method public void resolveService(android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo, android.net.nsd.NsdManager.ResolveListener);
+    method public void stopServiceDiscovery(android.net.nsd.NsdManager.DiscoveryListener);
+    method public void unregisterService(android.net.nsd.NsdManager.RegistrationListener);
+    field public static final String ACTION_NSD_STATE_CHANGED = "android.net.nsd.STATE_CHANGED";
+    field public static final String EXTRA_NSD_STATE = "nsd_state";
+    field public static final int FAILURE_ALREADY_ACTIVE = 3; // 0x3
+    field public static final int FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int FAILURE_MAX_LIMIT = 4; // 0x4
+    field public static final int NSD_STATE_DISABLED = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int NSD_STATE_ENABLED = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int PROTOCOL_DNS_SD = 1; // 0x1
+  }
+
+  public static interface NsdManager.DiscoveryListener {
+    method public void onDiscoveryStarted(String);
+    method public void onDiscoveryStopped(String);
+    method public void onServiceFound(android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo);
+    method public void onServiceLost(android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo);
+    method public void onStartDiscoveryFailed(String, int);
+    method public void onStopDiscoveryFailed(String, int);
+  }
+
+  public static interface NsdManager.RegistrationListener {
+    method public void onRegistrationFailed(android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo, int);
+    method public void onServiceRegistered(android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo);
+    method public void onServiceUnregistered(android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo);
+    method public void onUnregistrationFailed(android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo, int);
+  }
+
+  public static interface NsdManager.ResolveListener {
+    method public void onResolveFailed(android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo, int);
+    method public void onServiceResolved(android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo);
+  }
+
+  public final class NsdServiceInfo implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public NsdServiceInfo();
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method public java.util.Map<java.lang.String,byte[]> getAttributes();
+    method public java.net.InetAddress getHost();
+    method @Nullable public android.net.Network getNetwork();
+    method public int getPort();
+    method public String getServiceName();
+    method public String getServiceType();
+    method public void removeAttribute(String);
+    method public void setAttribute(String, String);
+    method public void setHost(java.net.InetAddress);
+    method public void setNetwork(@Nullable android.net.Network);
+    method public void setPort(int);
+    method public void setServiceName(String);
+    method public void setServiceType(String);
+    method public void writeToParcel(android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/framework-t/api/lint-baseline.txt b/framework-t/api/lint-baseline.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2996a3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/api/lint-baseline.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+// Baseline format: 1.0
+BannedThrow: android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#queryDetails(int, String, long, long):
+    Methods must not mention RuntimeException subclasses in throws clauses (was `java.lang.SecurityException`)
+BannedThrow: android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#queryDetailsForUid(int, String, long, long, int):
+    Methods must not mention RuntimeException subclasses in throws clauses (was `java.lang.SecurityException`)
+BannedThrow: android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#queryDetailsForUidTag(int, String, long, long, int, int):
+    Methods must not mention RuntimeException subclasses in throws clauses (was `java.lang.SecurityException`)
+BannedThrow: android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#queryDetailsForUidTagState(int, String, long, long, int, int, int):
+    Methods must not mention RuntimeException subclasses in throws clauses (was `java.lang.SecurityException`)
+BannedThrow: android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#querySummary(int, String, long, long):
+    Methods must not mention RuntimeException subclasses in throws clauses (was `java.lang.SecurityException`)
+BannedThrow: android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#querySummaryForDevice(int, String, long, long):
+    Methods must not mention RuntimeException subclasses in throws clauses (was `java.lang.SecurityException`)
+BannedThrow: android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#querySummaryForUser(int, String, long, long):
+    Methods must not mention RuntimeException subclasses in throws clauses (was `java.lang.SecurityException`)
+
+
+BuilderSetStyle: android.net.IpSecTransform.Builder#buildTransportModeTransform(java.net.InetAddress, android.net.IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex):
+    Builder methods names should use setFoo() / addFoo() / clearFoo() style: method android.net.IpSecTransform.Builder.buildTransportModeTransform(java.net.InetAddress,android.net.IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex)
+
+
+EqualsAndHashCode: android.net.IpSecTransform#equals(Object):
+    Must override both equals and hashCode; missing one in android.net.IpSecTransform
+
+
+ExecutorRegistration: android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#registerUsageCallback(int, String, long, android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager.UsageCallback, android.os.Handler):
+    Registration methods should have overload that accepts delivery Executor: `registerUsageCallback`
+
+
+GenericException: android.app.usage.NetworkStats#finalize():
+    Methods must not throw generic exceptions (`java.lang.Throwable`)
+GenericException: android.net.IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex#finalize():
+    Methods must not throw generic exceptions (`java.lang.Throwable`)
+GenericException: android.net.IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket#finalize():
+    Methods must not throw generic exceptions (`java.lang.Throwable`)
+GenericException: android.net.IpSecTransform#finalize():
+    Methods must not throw generic exceptions (`java.lang.Throwable`)
+
+
+MissingBuildMethod: android.net.IpSecTransform.Builder:
+    android.net.IpSecTransform.Builder does not declare a `build()` method, but builder classes are expected to
+
+
+MissingNullability: android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#queryDetails(int, String, long, long):
+    Missing nullability on method `queryDetails` return
+MissingNullability: android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#querySummary(int, String, long, long):
+    Missing nullability on method `querySummary` return
+MissingNullability: android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#querySummaryForDevice(int, String, long, long):
+    Missing nullability on method `querySummaryForDevice` return
+MissingNullability: android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#querySummaryForUser(int, String, long, long):
+    Missing nullability on method `querySummaryForUser` return
+MissingNullability: android.net.IpSecAlgorithm#writeToParcel(android.os.Parcel, int) parameter #0:
+    Missing nullability on parameter `out` in method `writeToParcel`
+MissingNullability: android.net.IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket#getFileDescriptor():
+    Missing nullability on method `getFileDescriptor` return
+
+
+RethrowRemoteException: android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#queryDetails(int, String, long, long):
+    Methods calling system APIs should rethrow `RemoteException` as `RuntimeException` (but do not list it in the throws clause)
+RethrowRemoteException: android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#querySummary(int, String, long, long):
+    Methods calling system APIs should rethrow `RemoteException` as `RuntimeException` (but do not list it in the throws clause)
+RethrowRemoteException: android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#querySummaryForDevice(int, String, long, long):
+    Methods calling system APIs should rethrow `RemoteException` as `RuntimeException` (but do not list it in the throws clause)
+RethrowRemoteException: android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#querySummaryForUser(int, String, long, long):
+    Methods calling system APIs should rethrow `RemoteException` as `RuntimeException` (but do not list it in the throws clause)
+
+
+StaticFinalBuilder: android.net.IpSecTransform.Builder:
+    Builder must be final: android.net.IpSecTransform.Builder
+
+
+StaticUtils: android.net.TrafficStats:
+    Fully-static utility classes must not have constructor
+
+
+UseParcelFileDescriptor: android.net.IpSecManager#applyTransportModeTransform(java.io.FileDescriptor, int, android.net.IpSecTransform) parameter #0:
+    Must use ParcelFileDescriptor instead of FileDescriptor in parameter socket in android.net.IpSecManager.applyTransportModeTransform(java.io.FileDescriptor socket, int direction, android.net.IpSecTransform transform)
+UseParcelFileDescriptor: android.net.IpSecManager#removeTransportModeTransforms(java.io.FileDescriptor) parameter #0:
+    Must use ParcelFileDescriptor instead of FileDescriptor in parameter socket in android.net.IpSecManager.removeTransportModeTransforms(java.io.FileDescriptor socket)
+UseParcelFileDescriptor: android.net.IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket#getFileDescriptor():
+    Must use ParcelFileDescriptor instead of FileDescriptor in method android.net.IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket.getFileDescriptor()
+UseParcelFileDescriptor: android.net.TrafficStats#tagFileDescriptor(java.io.FileDescriptor) parameter #0:
+    Must use ParcelFileDescriptor instead of FileDescriptor in parameter fd in android.net.TrafficStats.tagFileDescriptor(java.io.FileDescriptor fd)
+UseParcelFileDescriptor: android.net.TrafficStats#untagFileDescriptor(java.io.FileDescriptor) parameter #0:
+    Must use ParcelFileDescriptor instead of FileDescriptor in parameter fd in android.net.TrafficStats.untagFileDescriptor(java.io.FileDescriptor fd)
+UseParcelFileDescriptor: com.android.server.NetworkManagementSocketTagger#tag(java.io.FileDescriptor) parameter #0:
+    Must use ParcelFileDescriptor instead of FileDescriptor in parameter fd in com.android.server.NetworkManagementSocketTagger.tag(java.io.FileDescriptor fd)
+UseParcelFileDescriptor: com.android.server.NetworkManagementSocketTagger#untag(java.io.FileDescriptor) parameter #0:
+    Must use ParcelFileDescriptor instead of FileDescriptor in parameter fd in com.android.server.NetworkManagementSocketTagger.untag(java.io.FileDescriptor fd)
diff --git a/framework-t/api/module-lib-current.txt b/framework-t/api/module-lib-current.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..216081a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/api/module-lib-current.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+// Signature format: 2.0
+package android.app.usage {
+
+  public class NetworkStatsManager {
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}) public void forceUpdate();
+    method public static int getCollapsedRatType(int);
+    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}) public android.net.NetworkStats getMobileUidStats();
+    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}) public android.net.NetworkStats getWifiUidStats();
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}) public void noteUidForeground(int, boolean);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}) public void notifyNetworkStatus(@NonNull java.util.List<android.net.Network>, @NonNull java.util.List<android.net.NetworkStateSnapshot>, @Nullable String, @NonNull java.util.List<android.net.UnderlyingNetworkInfo>);
+    method @NonNull @WorkerThread public android.app.usage.NetworkStats queryDetailsForDevice(@NonNull android.net.NetworkTemplate, long, long);
+    method @NonNull @WorkerThread public android.app.usage.NetworkStats queryDetailsForUidTagState(@NonNull android.net.NetworkTemplate, long, long, int, int, int) throws java.lang.SecurityException;
+    method @NonNull @WorkerThread public android.app.usage.NetworkStats querySummary(@NonNull android.net.NetworkTemplate, long, long) throws java.lang.SecurityException;
+    method @NonNull @WorkerThread public android.app.usage.NetworkStats.Bucket querySummaryForDevice(@NonNull android.net.NetworkTemplate, long, long);
+    method @NonNull @WorkerThread public android.app.usage.NetworkStats queryTaggedSummary(@NonNull android.net.NetworkTemplate, long, long) throws java.lang.SecurityException;
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}, conditional=true) public void registerUsageCallback(@NonNull android.net.NetworkTemplate, long, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager.UsageCallback);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}) public void setDefaultGlobalAlert(long);
+    method public void setPollForce(boolean);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}) public void setPollOnOpen(boolean);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}) public void setStatsProviderWarningAndLimitAsync(@NonNull String, long, long);
+    field public static final int NETWORK_TYPE_5G_NSA = -2; // 0xfffffffe
+  }
+
+  public abstract static class NetworkStatsManager.UsageCallback {
+    method public void onThresholdReached(@NonNull android.net.NetworkTemplate);
+  }
+
+}
+
+package android.nearby {
+
+  public final class NearbyFrameworkInitializer {
+    method public static void registerServiceWrappers();
+  }
+
+}
+
+package android.net {
+
+  public final class ConnectivityFrameworkInitializerTiramisu {
+    method public static void registerServiceWrappers();
+  }
+
+  public class EthernetManager {
+    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public void addEthernetStateListener(@NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull java.util.function.IntConsumer);
+    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public void addInterfaceStateListener(@NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.EthernetManager.InterfaceStateListener);
+    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public java.util.List<java.lang.String> getInterfaceList();
+    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public void removeEthernetStateListener(@NonNull java.util.function.IntConsumer);
+    method public void removeInterfaceStateListener(@NonNull android.net.EthernetManager.InterfaceStateListener);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS}) public void setEthernetEnabled(boolean);
+    method public void setIncludeTestInterfaces(boolean);
+    field public static final int ETHERNET_STATE_DISABLED = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int ETHERNET_STATE_ENABLED = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int ROLE_CLIENT = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int ROLE_NONE = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int ROLE_SERVER = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int STATE_ABSENT = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int STATE_LINK_DOWN = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int STATE_LINK_UP = 2; // 0x2
+  }
+
+  public static interface EthernetManager.InterfaceStateListener {
+    method public void onInterfaceStateChanged(@NonNull String, int, int, @Nullable android.net.IpConfiguration);
+  }
+
+  public class IpSecManager {
+    field public static final int DIRECTION_FWD = 2; // 0x2
+  }
+
+  public static final class IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket implements java.lang.AutoCloseable {
+    method public int getResourceId();
+  }
+
+  public class NetworkIdentity {
+    method public int getOemManaged();
+    method public int getRatType();
+    method public int getSubId();
+    method @Nullable public String getSubscriberId();
+    method public int getType();
+    method @Nullable public String getWifiNetworkKey();
+    method public boolean isDefaultNetwork();
+    method public boolean isMetered();
+    method public boolean isRoaming();
+  }
+
+  public static final class NetworkIdentity.Builder {
+    ctor public NetworkIdentity.Builder();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkIdentity build();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkIdentity.Builder clearRatType();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkIdentity.Builder setDefaultNetwork(boolean);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkIdentity.Builder setMetered(boolean);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkIdentity.Builder setNetworkStateSnapshot(@NonNull android.net.NetworkStateSnapshot);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkIdentity.Builder setOemManaged(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkIdentity.Builder setRatType(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkIdentity.Builder setRoaming(boolean);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkIdentity.Builder setSubId(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkIdentity.Builder setSubscriberId(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkIdentity.Builder setType(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkIdentity.Builder setWifiNetworkKey(@Nullable String);
+  }
+
+  public final class NetworkStateSnapshot implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public NetworkStateSnapshot(@NonNull android.net.Network, @NonNull android.net.NetworkCapabilities, @NonNull android.net.LinkProperties, @Nullable String, int);
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method public int getLegacyType();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.LinkProperties getLinkProperties();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.Network getNetwork();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities getNetworkCapabilities();
+    method public int getSubId();
+    method @Deprecated @Nullable public String getSubscriberId();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.NetworkStateSnapshot> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  public final class NetworkStats implements java.lang.Iterable<android.net.NetworkStats.Entry> android.os.Parcelable {
+    method @NonNull public java.util.Iterator<android.net.NetworkStats.Entry> iterator();
+  }
+
+  public static class NetworkStats.Entry {
+    method public int getDefaultNetwork();
+    method public int getMetered();
+    method public long getOperations();
+    method public int getRoaming();
+    method public long getRxBytes();
+    method public long getRxPackets();
+    method public int getSet();
+    method public int getTag();
+    method public long getTxBytes();
+    method public long getTxPackets();
+    method public int getUid();
+  }
+
+  public class NetworkStatsCollection {
+    method @NonNull public java.util.Map<android.net.NetworkStatsCollection.Key,android.net.NetworkStatsHistory> getEntries();
+  }
+
+  public static final class NetworkStatsCollection.Builder {
+    ctor public NetworkStatsCollection.Builder(long);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkStatsCollection.Builder addEntry(@NonNull android.net.NetworkStatsCollection.Key, @NonNull android.net.NetworkStatsHistory);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkStatsCollection build();
+  }
+
+  public static final class NetworkStatsCollection.Key {
+    ctor public NetworkStatsCollection.Key(@NonNull java.util.Set<android.net.NetworkIdentity>, int, int, int);
+  }
+
+  public final class NetworkStatsHistory implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method @NonNull public java.util.List<android.net.NetworkStatsHistory.Entry> getEntries();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.NetworkStatsHistory> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  public static final class NetworkStatsHistory.Builder {
+    ctor public NetworkStatsHistory.Builder(long, int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkStatsHistory.Builder addEntry(@NonNull android.net.NetworkStatsHistory.Entry);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkStatsHistory build();
+  }
+
+  public static final class NetworkStatsHistory.Entry {
+    ctor public NetworkStatsHistory.Entry(long, long, long, long, long, long, long);
+    method public long getActiveTime();
+    method public long getBucketStart();
+    method public long getOperations();
+    method public long getRxBytes();
+    method public long getRxPackets();
+    method public long getTxBytes();
+    method public long getTxPackets();
+  }
+
+  public final class NetworkTemplate implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method public int getDefaultNetworkStatus();
+    method public int getMatchRule();
+    method public int getMeteredness();
+    method public int getOemManaged();
+    method public int getRatType();
+    method public int getRoaming();
+    method @NonNull public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getSubscriberIds();
+    method @NonNull public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getWifiNetworkKeys();
+    method public boolean matches(@NonNull android.net.NetworkIdentity);
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.NetworkTemplate> CREATOR;
+    field public static final int MATCH_BLUETOOTH = 8; // 0x8
+    field public static final int MATCH_CARRIER = 10; // 0xa
+    field public static final int MATCH_ETHERNET = 5; // 0x5
+    field public static final int MATCH_MOBILE = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int MATCH_PROXY = 9; // 0x9
+    field public static final int MATCH_WIFI = 4; // 0x4
+    field public static final int NETWORK_TYPE_ALL = -1; // 0xffffffff
+    field public static final int OEM_MANAGED_ALL = -1; // 0xffffffff
+    field public static final int OEM_MANAGED_NO = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int OEM_MANAGED_PAID = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int OEM_MANAGED_PRIVATE = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int OEM_MANAGED_YES = -2; // 0xfffffffe
+  }
+
+  public static final class NetworkTemplate.Builder {
+    ctor public NetworkTemplate.Builder(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkTemplate build();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkTemplate.Builder setDefaultNetworkStatus(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkTemplate.Builder setMeteredness(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkTemplate.Builder setOemManaged(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkTemplate.Builder setRatType(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkTemplate.Builder setRoaming(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkTemplate.Builder setSubscriberIds(@NonNull java.util.Set<java.lang.String>);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkTemplate.Builder setWifiNetworkKeys(@NonNull java.util.Set<java.lang.String>);
+  }
+
+  public class TrafficStats {
+    method public static void attachSocketTagger();
+    method public static void init(@NonNull android.content.Context);
+    method public static void setThreadStatsTagDownload();
+  }
+
+  public final class UnderlyingNetworkInfo implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public UnderlyingNetworkInfo(int, @NonNull String, @NonNull java.util.List<java.lang.String>);
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method @NonNull public String getInterface();
+    method public int getOwnerUid();
+    method @NonNull public java.util.List<java.lang.String> getUnderlyingInterfaces();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.UnderlyingNetworkInfo> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/framework-t/api/module-lib-lint-baseline.txt b/framework-t/api/module-lib-lint-baseline.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3158bd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/api/module-lib-lint-baseline.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// Baseline format: 1.0
+BannedThrow: android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#queryDetailsForUidTagState(android.net.NetworkTemplate, long, long, int, int, int):
+    Methods must not mention RuntimeException subclasses in throws clauses (was `java.lang.SecurityException`)
+BannedThrow: android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#querySummary(android.net.NetworkTemplate, long, long):
+    Methods must not mention RuntimeException subclasses in throws clauses (was `java.lang.SecurityException`)
+BannedThrow: android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#queryTaggedSummary(android.net.NetworkTemplate, long, long):
+    Methods must not mention RuntimeException subclasses in throws clauses (was `java.lang.SecurityException`)
diff --git a/framework-t/api/module-lib-removed.txt b/framework-t/api/module-lib-removed.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d802177
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/api/module-lib-removed.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+// Signature format: 2.0
diff --git a/framework-t/api/removed.txt b/framework-t/api/removed.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ba87d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/api/removed.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Signature format: 2.0
+package android.net {
+
+  public class TrafficStats {
+    method @Deprecated public static void setThreadStatsUidSelf();
+  }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/framework-t/api/system-current.txt b/framework-t/api/system-current.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb932d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/api/system-current.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,584 @@
+// Signature format: 2.0
+package android.app.usage {
+
+  public class NetworkStatsManager {
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STATS_PROVIDER, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void registerNetworkStatsProvider(@NonNull String, @NonNull android.net.netstats.provider.NetworkStatsProvider);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STATS_PROVIDER, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void unregisterNetworkStatsProvider(@NonNull android.net.netstats.provider.NetworkStatsProvider);
+  }
+
+}
+
+package android.nearby {
+
+  public interface BroadcastCallback {
+    method public void onStatusChanged(int);
+    field public static final int STATUS_FAILURE = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int STATUS_FAILURE_ALREADY_REGISTERED = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int STATUS_FAILURE_MISSING_PERMISSIONS = 4; // 0x4
+    field public static final int STATUS_FAILURE_SIZE_EXCEED_LIMIT = 3; // 0x3
+    field public static final int STATUS_OK = 0; // 0x0
+  }
+
+  public abstract class BroadcastRequest {
+    method @NonNull public java.util.List<java.lang.Integer> getMediums();
+    method @IntRange(from=0xffffff81, to=126) public int getTxPower();
+    method public int getType();
+    method public int getVersion();
+    field public static final int BROADCAST_TYPE_NEARBY_PRESENCE = 3; // 0x3
+    field public static final int BROADCAST_TYPE_UNKNOWN = -1; // 0xffffffff
+    field public static final int PRESENCE_VERSION_UNKNOWN = -1; // 0xffffffff
+    field public static final int PRESENCE_VERSION_V0 = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int PRESENCE_VERSION_V1 = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int UNKNOWN_TX_POWER = -127; // 0xffffff81
+  }
+
+  public final class CredentialElement implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public CredentialElement(@NonNull String, @NonNull byte[]);
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method @NonNull public String getKey();
+    method @NonNull public byte[] getValue();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.nearby.CredentialElement> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  public final class DataElement implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public DataElement(int, @NonNull byte[]);
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method public int getKey();
+    method @NonNull public byte[] getValue();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.nearby.DataElement> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  public class FastPairAccountKeyDeviceMetadata {
+    method @Nullable public byte[] getDeviceAccountKey();
+    method @Nullable public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata getFastPairDeviceMetadata();
+    method @Nullable public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem getFastPairDiscoveryItem();
+    method @Nullable public byte[] getSha256DeviceAccountKeyPublicAddress();
+  }
+
+  public static final class FastPairAccountKeyDeviceMetadata.Builder {
+    ctor public FastPairAccountKeyDeviceMetadata.Builder();
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairAccountKeyDeviceMetadata build();
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairAccountKeyDeviceMetadata.Builder setDeviceAccountKey(@Nullable byte[]);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairAccountKeyDeviceMetadata.Builder setFastPairDeviceMetadata(@Nullable android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairAccountKeyDeviceMetadata.Builder setFastPairDiscoveryItem(@Nullable android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairAccountKeyDeviceMetadata.Builder setSha256DeviceAccountKeyPublicAddress(@Nullable byte[]);
+  }
+
+  public class FastPairAntispoofKeyDeviceMetadata {
+    method @Nullable public byte[] getAntispoofPublicKey();
+    method @Nullable public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata getFastPairDeviceMetadata();
+  }
+
+  public static final class FastPairAntispoofKeyDeviceMetadata.Builder {
+    ctor public FastPairAntispoofKeyDeviceMetadata.Builder();
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairAntispoofKeyDeviceMetadata build();
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairAntispoofKeyDeviceMetadata.Builder setAntispoofPublicKey(@Nullable byte[]);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairAntispoofKeyDeviceMetadata.Builder setFastPairDeviceMetadata(@Nullable android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata);
+  }
+
+  public abstract class FastPairDataProviderService extends android.app.Service {
+    ctor public FastPairDataProviderService(@NonNull String);
+    method @NonNull public final android.os.IBinder onBind(@NonNull android.content.Intent);
+    method public abstract void onLoadFastPairAccountDevicesMetadata(@NonNull android.nearby.FastPairDataProviderService.FastPairAccountDevicesMetadataRequest, @NonNull android.nearby.FastPairDataProviderService.FastPairAccountDevicesMetadataCallback);
+    method public abstract void onLoadFastPairAntispoofKeyDeviceMetadata(@NonNull android.nearby.FastPairDataProviderService.FastPairAntispoofKeyDeviceMetadataRequest, @NonNull android.nearby.FastPairDataProviderService.FastPairAntispoofKeyDeviceMetadataCallback);
+    method public abstract void onLoadFastPairEligibleAccounts(@NonNull android.nearby.FastPairDataProviderService.FastPairEligibleAccountsRequest, @NonNull android.nearby.FastPairDataProviderService.FastPairEligibleAccountsCallback);
+    method public abstract void onManageFastPairAccount(@NonNull android.nearby.FastPairDataProviderService.FastPairManageAccountRequest, @NonNull android.nearby.FastPairDataProviderService.FastPairManageActionCallback);
+    method public abstract void onManageFastPairAccountDevice(@NonNull android.nearby.FastPairDataProviderService.FastPairManageAccountDeviceRequest, @NonNull android.nearby.FastPairDataProviderService.FastPairManageActionCallback);
+    field public static final String ACTION_FAST_PAIR_DATA_PROVIDER = "android.nearby.action.FAST_PAIR_DATA_PROVIDER";
+    field public static final int ERROR_CODE_BAD_REQUEST = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int ERROR_CODE_INTERNAL_ERROR = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int MANAGE_REQUEST_ADD = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int MANAGE_REQUEST_REMOVE = 1; // 0x1
+  }
+
+  public static interface FastPairDataProviderService.FastPairAccountDevicesMetadataCallback {
+    method public void onError(int, @Nullable String);
+    method public void onFastPairAccountDevicesMetadataReceived(@NonNull java.util.Collection<android.nearby.FastPairAccountKeyDeviceMetadata>);
+  }
+
+  public static class FastPairDataProviderService.FastPairAccountDevicesMetadataRequest {
+    method @NonNull public android.accounts.Account getAccount();
+    method @NonNull public java.util.Collection<byte[]> getDeviceAccountKeys();
+  }
+
+  public static interface FastPairDataProviderService.FastPairAntispoofKeyDeviceMetadataCallback {
+    method public void onError(int, @Nullable String);
+    method public void onFastPairAntispoofKeyDeviceMetadataReceived(@NonNull android.nearby.FastPairAntispoofKeyDeviceMetadata);
+  }
+
+  public static class FastPairDataProviderService.FastPairAntispoofKeyDeviceMetadataRequest {
+    method @NonNull public byte[] getModelId();
+  }
+
+  public static interface FastPairDataProviderService.FastPairEligibleAccountsCallback {
+    method public void onError(int, @Nullable String);
+    method public void onFastPairEligibleAccountsReceived(@NonNull java.util.Collection<android.nearby.FastPairEligibleAccount>);
+  }
+
+  public static class FastPairDataProviderService.FastPairEligibleAccountsRequest {
+  }
+
+  public static class FastPairDataProviderService.FastPairManageAccountDeviceRequest {
+    method @NonNull public android.accounts.Account getAccount();
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairAccountKeyDeviceMetadata getAccountKeyDeviceMetadata();
+    method @Nullable public String getBleAddress();
+    method public int getRequestType();
+  }
+
+  public static class FastPairDataProviderService.FastPairManageAccountRequest {
+    method @NonNull public android.accounts.Account getAccount();
+    method public int getRequestType();
+  }
+
+  public static interface FastPairDataProviderService.FastPairManageActionCallback {
+    method public void onError(int, @Nullable String);
+    method public void onSuccess();
+  }
+
+  public class FastPairDeviceMetadata {
+    method @Nullable public String getAssistantSetupHalfSheet();
+    method @Nullable public String getAssistantSetupNotification();
+    method public int getBleTxPower();
+    method @Nullable public String getConfirmPinDescription();
+    method @Nullable public String getConfirmPinTitle();
+    method @Nullable public String getConnectSuccessCompanionAppInstalled();
+    method @Nullable public String getConnectSuccessCompanionAppNotInstalled();
+    method public int getDeviceType();
+    method @Nullable public String getDownloadCompanionAppDescription();
+    method @Nullable public String getFailConnectGoToSettingsDescription();
+    method @Nullable public String getFastPairTvConnectDeviceNoAccountDescription();
+    method @Nullable public byte[] getImage();
+    method @Nullable public String getImageUrl();
+    method @Nullable public String getInitialNotificationDescription();
+    method @Nullable public String getInitialNotificationDescriptionNoAccount();
+    method @Nullable public String getInitialPairingDescription();
+    method @Nullable public String getIntentUri();
+    method @Nullable public String getLocale();
+    method @Nullable public String getName();
+    method @Nullable public String getOpenCompanionAppDescription();
+    method @Nullable public String getRetroactivePairingDescription();
+    method @Nullable public String getSubsequentPairingDescription();
+    method @Nullable public String getSyncContactsDescription();
+    method @Nullable public String getSyncContactsTitle();
+    method @Nullable public String getSyncSmsDescription();
+    method @Nullable public String getSyncSmsTitle();
+    method public float getTriggerDistance();
+    method @Nullable public String getTrueWirelessImageUrlCase();
+    method @Nullable public String getTrueWirelessImageUrlLeftBud();
+    method @Nullable public String getTrueWirelessImageUrlRightBud();
+    method @Nullable public String getUnableToConnectDescription();
+    method @Nullable public String getUnableToConnectTitle();
+    method @Nullable public String getUpdateCompanionAppDescription();
+    method @Nullable public String getWaitLaunchCompanionAppDescription();
+  }
+
+  public static final class FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder {
+    ctor public FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder();
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata build();
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setAssistantSetupHalfSheet(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setAssistantSetupNotification(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setBleTxPower(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setConfirmPinDescription(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setConfirmPinTitle(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setConnectSuccessCompanionAppInstalled(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setConnectSuccessCompanionAppNotInstalled(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setDeviceType(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setDownloadCompanionAppDescription(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setFailConnectGoToSettingsDescription(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setFastPairTvConnectDeviceNoAccountDescription(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setImage(@Nullable byte[]);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setImageUrl(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setInitialNotificationDescription(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setInitialNotificationDescriptionNoAccount(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setInitialPairingDescription(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setIntentUri(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setLocale(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setName(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setOpenCompanionAppDescription(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setRetroactivePairingDescription(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setSubsequentPairingDescription(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setSyncContactsDescription(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setSyncContactsTitle(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setSyncSmsDescription(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setSyncSmsTitle(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setTriggerDistance(float);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setTrueWirelessImageUrlCase(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setTrueWirelessImageUrlLeftBud(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setTrueWirelessImageUrlRightBud(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setUnableToConnectDescription(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setUnableToConnectTitle(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setUpdateCompanionAppDescription(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setWaitLaunchCompanionAppDescription(@Nullable String);
+  }
+
+  public class FastPairDiscoveryItem {
+    method @Nullable public String getActionUrl();
+    method public int getActionUrlType();
+    method @Nullable public String getAppName();
+    method public int getAttachmentType();
+    method @Nullable public byte[] getAuthenticationPublicKeySecp256r1();
+    method @Nullable public byte[] getBleRecordBytes();
+    method public int getDebugCategory();
+    method @Nullable public String getDebugMessage();
+    method @Nullable public String getDescription();
+    method @Nullable public String getDeviceName();
+    method @Nullable public String getDisplayUrl();
+    method @Nullable public String getEntityId();
+    method @Nullable public String getFeatureGraphicUrl();
+    method public long getFirstObservationTimestampMillis();
+    method @Nullable public String getGroupId();
+    method @Nullable public String getIconFfeUrl();
+    method @Nullable public byte[] getIconPng();
+    method @Nullable public String getId();
+    method public long getLastObservationTimestampMillis();
+    method public int getLastUserExperience();
+    method public long getLostMillis();
+    method @Nullable public String getMacAddress();
+    method @Nullable public String getPackageName();
+    method public long getPendingAppInstallTimestampMillis();
+    method public int getRssi();
+    method public int getState();
+    method @Nullable public String getTitle();
+    method @Nullable public String getTriggerId();
+    method public int getTxPower();
+    method public int getType();
+  }
+
+  public static final class FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder {
+    ctor public FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder();
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem build();
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setActionUrl(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setActionUrlType(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setAppName(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setAttachmentType(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setAuthenticationPublicKeySecp256r1(@Nullable byte[]);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setBleRecordBytes(@Nullable byte[]);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setDebugCategory(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setDebugMessage(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setDescription(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setDeviceName(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setDisplayUrl(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setEntityId(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setFeatureGraphicUrl(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setFirstObservationTimestampMillis(long);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setGroupId(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setIconFfeUrl(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setIconPng(@Nullable byte[]);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setId(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setLastObservationTimestampMillis(long);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setLastUserExperience(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setLostMillis(long);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setMacAddress(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setPackageName(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setPendingAppInstallTimestampMillis(long);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setRssi(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setState(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setTitle(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setTriggerId(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setTxPower(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setType(int);
+  }
+
+  public class FastPairEligibleAccount {
+    method @Nullable public android.accounts.Account getAccount();
+    method public boolean isOptIn();
+  }
+
+  public static final class FastPairEligibleAccount.Builder {
+    ctor public FastPairEligibleAccount.Builder();
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairEligibleAccount build();
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairEligibleAccount.Builder setAccount(@Nullable android.accounts.Account);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairEligibleAccount.Builder setOptIn(boolean);
+  }
+
+  public abstract class NearbyDevice {
+    method @NonNull public java.util.List<java.lang.Integer> getMediums();
+    method @Nullable public String getName();
+    method @IntRange(from=0xffffff81, to=126) public int getRssi();
+    method public static boolean isValidMedium(int);
+  }
+
+  public class NearbyManager {
+    method public static boolean getFastPairScanEnabled(@NonNull android.content.Context, boolean);
+    method public static void setFastPairScanEnabled(@NonNull android.content.Context, boolean);
+    method @RequiresPermission(allOf={android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADVERTISE, android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED}) public void startBroadcast(@NonNull android.nearby.BroadcastRequest, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.nearby.BroadcastCallback);
+    method @RequiresPermission(allOf={android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN, android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED}) public int startScan(@NonNull android.nearby.ScanRequest, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.nearby.ScanCallback);
+    method @RequiresPermission(allOf={android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADVERTISE, android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED}) public void stopBroadcast(@NonNull android.nearby.BroadcastCallback);
+    method @RequiresPermission(allOf={android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN, android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED}) public void stopScan(@NonNull android.nearby.ScanCallback);
+  }
+
+  public final class PresenceBroadcastRequest extends android.nearby.BroadcastRequest implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method @NonNull public java.util.List<java.lang.Integer> getActions();
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PrivateCredential getCredential();
+    method @NonNull public java.util.List<android.nearby.DataElement> getExtendedProperties();
+    method @NonNull public byte[] getSalt();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.nearby.PresenceBroadcastRequest> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  public static final class PresenceBroadcastRequest.Builder {
+    ctor public PresenceBroadcastRequest.Builder(@NonNull java.util.List<java.lang.Integer>, @NonNull byte[], @NonNull android.nearby.PrivateCredential);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PresenceBroadcastRequest.Builder addAction(@IntRange(from=1, to=255) int);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PresenceBroadcastRequest.Builder addExtendedProperty(@NonNull android.nearby.DataElement);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PresenceBroadcastRequest build();
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PresenceBroadcastRequest.Builder setTxPower(@IntRange(from=0xffffff81, to=126) int);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PresenceBroadcastRequest.Builder setVersion(int);
+  }
+
+  public abstract class PresenceCredential {
+    method @NonNull public byte[] getAuthenticityKey();
+    method @NonNull public java.util.List<android.nearby.CredentialElement> getCredentialElements();
+    method public int getIdentityType();
+    method @NonNull public byte[] getSecretId();
+    method public int getType();
+    field public static final int CREDENTIAL_TYPE_PRIVATE = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int CREDENTIAL_TYPE_PUBLIC = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int IDENTITY_TYPE_PRIVATE = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int IDENTITY_TYPE_PROVISIONED = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int IDENTITY_TYPE_PUBLIC = 4; // 0x4
+    field public static final int IDENTITY_TYPE_TRUSTED = 3; // 0x3
+    field public static final int IDENTITY_TYPE_UNKNOWN = 0; // 0x0
+  }
+
+  public final class PresenceDevice extends android.nearby.NearbyDevice implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method @NonNull public String getDeviceId();
+    method @Nullable public String getDeviceImageUrl();
+    method public int getDeviceType();
+    method public long getDiscoveryTimestampMillis();
+    method @NonNull public byte[] getEncryptedIdentity();
+    method @NonNull public java.util.List<android.nearby.DataElement> getExtendedProperties();
+    method @NonNull public byte[] getSalt();
+    method @NonNull public byte[] getSecretId();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.nearby.PresenceDevice> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  public static final class PresenceDevice.Builder {
+    ctor public PresenceDevice.Builder(@NonNull String, @NonNull byte[], @NonNull byte[], @NonNull byte[]);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PresenceDevice.Builder addExtendedProperty(@NonNull android.nearby.DataElement);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PresenceDevice.Builder addMedium(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PresenceDevice build();
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PresenceDevice.Builder setDeviceImageUrl(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PresenceDevice.Builder setDeviceType(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PresenceDevice.Builder setDiscoveryTimestampMillis(long);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PresenceDevice.Builder setName(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PresenceDevice.Builder setRssi(int);
+  }
+
+  public final class PresenceScanFilter extends android.nearby.ScanFilter implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method @NonNull public java.util.List<android.nearby.PublicCredential> getCredentials();
+    method @NonNull public java.util.List<android.nearby.DataElement> getExtendedProperties();
+    method @NonNull public java.util.List<java.lang.Integer> getPresenceActions();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.nearby.PresenceScanFilter> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  public static final class PresenceScanFilter.Builder {
+    ctor public PresenceScanFilter.Builder();
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PresenceScanFilter.Builder addCredential(@NonNull android.nearby.PublicCredential);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PresenceScanFilter.Builder addExtendedProperty(@NonNull android.nearby.DataElement);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PresenceScanFilter.Builder addPresenceAction(@IntRange(from=1, to=255) int);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PresenceScanFilter build();
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PresenceScanFilter.Builder setMaxPathLoss(@IntRange(from=0, to=127) int);
+  }
+
+  public final class PrivateCredential extends android.nearby.PresenceCredential implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method @NonNull public String getDeviceName();
+    method @NonNull public byte[] getMetadataEncryptionKey();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.nearby.PrivateCredential> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  public static final class PrivateCredential.Builder {
+    ctor public PrivateCredential.Builder(@NonNull byte[], @NonNull byte[], @NonNull byte[], @NonNull String);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PrivateCredential.Builder addCredentialElement(@NonNull android.nearby.CredentialElement);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PrivateCredential build();
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PrivateCredential.Builder setIdentityType(int);
+  }
+
+  public final class PublicCredential extends android.nearby.PresenceCredential implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method @NonNull public byte[] getEncryptedMetadata();
+    method @NonNull public byte[] getEncryptedMetadataKeyTag();
+    method @NonNull public byte[] getPublicKey();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.nearby.PublicCredential> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  public static final class PublicCredential.Builder {
+    ctor public PublicCredential.Builder(@NonNull byte[], @NonNull byte[], @NonNull byte[], @NonNull byte[], @NonNull byte[]);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PublicCredential.Builder addCredentialElement(@NonNull android.nearby.CredentialElement);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PublicCredential build();
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.PublicCredential.Builder setIdentityType(int);
+  }
+
+  public interface ScanCallback {
+    method public void onDiscovered(@NonNull android.nearby.NearbyDevice);
+    method public void onLost(@NonNull android.nearby.NearbyDevice);
+    method public void onUpdated(@NonNull android.nearby.NearbyDevice);
+  }
+
+  public abstract class ScanFilter {
+    method @IntRange(from=0, to=127) public int getMaxPathLoss();
+    method public int getType();
+  }
+
+  public final class ScanRequest implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method @NonNull public java.util.List<android.nearby.ScanFilter> getScanFilters();
+    method public int getScanMode();
+    method public int getScanType();
+    method @NonNull public android.os.WorkSource getWorkSource();
+    method public boolean isBleEnabled();
+    method public static boolean isValidScanMode(int);
+    method public static boolean isValidScanType(int);
+    method @NonNull public static String scanModeToString(int);
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.nearby.ScanRequest> CREATOR;
+    field public static final int SCAN_MODE_BALANCED = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int SCAN_MODE_LOW_LATENCY = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int SCAN_MODE_LOW_POWER = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int SCAN_MODE_NO_POWER = -1; // 0xffffffff
+    field public static final int SCAN_TYPE_EXPOSURE_NOTIFICATION = 4; // 0x4
+    field public static final int SCAN_TYPE_FAST_PAIR = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int SCAN_TYPE_NEARBY_PRESENCE = 3; // 0x3
+    field public static final int SCAN_TYPE_NEARBY_SHARE = 2; // 0x2
+  }
+
+  public static final class ScanRequest.Builder {
+    ctor public ScanRequest.Builder();
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.ScanRequest.Builder addScanFilter(@NonNull android.nearby.ScanFilter);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.ScanRequest build();
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.ScanRequest.Builder setBleEnabled(boolean);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.ScanRequest.Builder setScanMode(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.nearby.ScanRequest.Builder setScanType(int);
+    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS) public android.nearby.ScanRequest.Builder setWorkSource(@Nullable android.os.WorkSource);
+  }
+
+}
+
+package android.net {
+
+  public class EthernetManager {
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_ETHERNET_NETWORKS}) public void disableInterface(@NonNull String, @Nullable java.util.concurrent.Executor, @Nullable android.os.OutcomeReceiver<java.lang.String,android.net.EthernetNetworkManagementException>);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_ETHERNET_NETWORKS}) public void enableInterface(@NonNull String, @Nullable java.util.concurrent.Executor, @Nullable android.os.OutcomeReceiver<java.lang.String,android.net.EthernetNetworkManagementException>);
+    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public android.net.EthernetManager.TetheredInterfaceRequest requestTetheredInterface(@NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.EthernetManager.TetheredInterfaceCallback);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_ETHERNET_NETWORKS}) public void updateConfiguration(@NonNull String, @NonNull android.net.EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest, @Nullable java.util.concurrent.Executor, @Nullable android.os.OutcomeReceiver<java.lang.String,android.net.EthernetNetworkManagementException>);
+  }
+
+  public static interface EthernetManager.TetheredInterfaceCallback {
+    method public void onAvailable(@NonNull String);
+    method public void onUnavailable();
+  }
+
+  public static class EthernetManager.TetheredInterfaceRequest {
+    method public void release();
+  }
+
+  public final class EthernetNetworkManagementException extends java.lang.RuntimeException implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public EthernetNetworkManagementException(@NonNull String);
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.EthernetNetworkManagementException> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  public final class EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method @Nullable public android.net.IpConfiguration getIpConfiguration();
+    method @Nullable public android.net.NetworkCapabilities getNetworkCapabilities();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  public static final class EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest.Builder {
+    ctor public EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest.Builder();
+    ctor public EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest.Builder(@NonNull android.net.EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest build();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest.Builder setIpConfiguration(@Nullable android.net.IpConfiguration);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest.Builder setNetworkCapabilities(@Nullable android.net.NetworkCapabilities);
+  }
+
+  public class IpSecManager {
+    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS) public void applyTunnelModeTransform(@NonNull android.net.IpSecManager.IpSecTunnelInterface, int, @NonNull android.net.IpSecTransform) throws java.io.IOException;
+    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS) public android.net.IpSecManager.IpSecTunnelInterface createIpSecTunnelInterface(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress, @NonNull java.net.InetAddress, @NonNull android.net.Network) throws java.io.IOException, android.net.IpSecManager.ResourceUnavailableException;
+  }
+
+  public static final class IpSecManager.IpSecTunnelInterface implements java.lang.AutoCloseable {
+    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS) public void addAddress(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress, int) throws java.io.IOException;
+    method public void close();
+    method @NonNull public String getInterfaceName();
+    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS) public void removeAddress(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress, int) throws java.io.IOException;
+    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS) public void setUnderlyingNetwork(@NonNull android.net.Network) throws java.io.IOException;
+  }
+
+  public static class IpSecTransform.Builder {
+    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS) public android.net.IpSecTransform buildTunnelModeTransform(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress, @NonNull android.net.IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex) throws java.io.IOException, android.net.IpSecManager.ResourceUnavailableException, android.net.IpSecManager.SpiUnavailableException;
+  }
+
+  public final class NetworkStats implements java.lang.Iterable<android.net.NetworkStats.Entry> android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public NetworkStats(long, int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkStats add(@NonNull android.net.NetworkStats);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkStats addEntry(@NonNull android.net.NetworkStats.Entry);
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkStats subtract(@NonNull android.net.NetworkStats);
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.NetworkStats> CREATOR;
+    field public static final int DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL = -1; // 0xffffffff
+    field public static final int DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final String IFACE_VT = "vt_data0";
+    field public static final int METERED_ALL = -1; // 0xffffffff
+    field public static final int METERED_NO = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int METERED_YES = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int ROAMING_ALL = -1; // 0xffffffff
+    field public static final int ROAMING_NO = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int ROAMING_YES = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int SET_ALL = -1; // 0xffffffff
+    field public static final int SET_DEFAULT = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int SET_FOREGROUND = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int TAG_NONE = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int UID_ALL = -1; // 0xffffffff
+    field public static final int UID_TETHERING = -5; // 0xfffffffb
+  }
+
+  public static class NetworkStats.Entry {
+    ctor public NetworkStats.Entry(@Nullable String, int, int, int, int, int, int, long, long, long, long, long);
+  }
+
+  public class TrafficStats {
+    method public static void setThreadStatsTagApp();
+    method public static void setThreadStatsTagBackup();
+    method public static void setThreadStatsTagRestore();
+    field public static final int TAG_NETWORK_STACK_IMPERSONATION_RANGE_END = -113; // 0xffffff8f
+    field public static final int TAG_NETWORK_STACK_IMPERSONATION_RANGE_START = -128; // 0xffffff80
+    field public static final int TAG_NETWORK_STACK_RANGE_END = -257; // 0xfffffeff
+    field public static final int TAG_NETWORK_STACK_RANGE_START = -768; // 0xfffffd00
+    field public static final int TAG_SYSTEM_IMPERSONATION_RANGE_END = -241; // 0xffffff0f
+    field public static final int TAG_SYSTEM_IMPERSONATION_RANGE_START = -256; // 0xffffff00
+  }
+
+}
+
+package android.net.netstats.provider {
+
+  public abstract class NetworkStatsProvider {
+    ctor public NetworkStatsProvider();
+    method public void notifyAlertReached();
+    method public void notifyLimitReached();
+    method public void notifyStatsUpdated(int, @NonNull android.net.NetworkStats, @NonNull android.net.NetworkStats);
+    method public void notifyWarningReached();
+    method public abstract void onRequestStatsUpdate(int);
+    method public abstract void onSetAlert(long);
+    method public abstract void onSetLimit(@NonNull String, long);
+    method public void onSetWarningAndLimit(@NonNull String, long, long);
+    field public static final int QUOTA_UNLIMITED = -1; // 0xffffffff
+  }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/framework-t/api/system-lint-baseline.txt b/framework-t/api/system-lint-baseline.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9baf991
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/api/system-lint-baseline.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// Baseline format: 1.0
+BuilderSetStyle: android.net.IpSecTransform.Builder#buildTunnelModeTransform(java.net.InetAddress, android.net.IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex):
+    Builder methods names should use setFoo() / addFoo() / clearFoo() style: method android.net.IpSecTransform.Builder.buildTunnelModeTransform(java.net.InetAddress,android.net.IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex)
+
+
+GenericException: android.net.IpSecManager.IpSecTunnelInterface#finalize():
+    Methods must not throw generic exceptions (`java.lang.Throwable`)
diff --git a/framework-t/api/system-removed.txt b/framework-t/api/system-removed.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d802177
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/api/system-removed.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+// Signature format: 2.0
diff --git a/framework/Android.bp b/framework/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f31a7d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+filegroup {
+    name: "framework-connectivity-internal-sources",
+    srcs: [
+        "src/**/*.java",
+        "src/**/*.aidl",
+    ],
+    path: "src",
+    visibility: [
+        "//visibility:private",
+    ],
+}
+
+filegroup {
+    name: "framework-connectivity-aidl-export-sources",
+    srcs: [
+        "aidl-export/**/*.aidl",
+    ],
+    path: "aidl-export",
+    visibility: [
+        "//visibility:private",
+    ],
+}
+
+// TODO: use a java_library in the bootclasspath instead
+filegroup {
+    name: "framework-connectivity-sources",
+    srcs: [
+        ":framework-connectivity-internal-sources",
+        ":framework-connectivity-aidl-export-sources",
+    ],
+    visibility: [
+        "//frameworks/base",
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity:__subpackages__",
+    ],
+}
+
+java_defaults {
+    name: "framework-connectivity-defaults",
+    defaults: ["framework-module-defaults"],
+    sdk_version: "module_current",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+    srcs: [
+        ":framework-connectivity-sources",
+        ":net-utils-framework-common-srcs",
+        ":framework-connectivity-api-shared-srcs",
+        ":framework-connectivity-javastream-protos",
+    ],
+    aidl: {
+        generate_get_transaction_name: true,
+        include_dirs: [
+            // Include directories for parcelables that are part of the stable API, and need a
+            // one-line "parcelable X" .aidl declaration to be used in AIDL interfaces.
+            // TODO(b/180293679): remove these dependencies as they should not be necessary once
+            // the module builds against API (the parcelable declarations exist in framework.aidl)
+            "frameworks/base/core/java", // For framework parcelables
+            "frameworks/native/aidl/binder", // For PersistableBundle.aidl
+        ],
+    },
+    stub_only_libs: [
+        "framework-connectivity-t.stubs.module_lib",
+    ],
+    impl_only_libs: [
+        "framework-tethering.stubs.module_lib",
+        "framework-wifi.stubs.module_lib",
+        "net-utils-device-common",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "modules-utils-backgroundthread",
+        "modules-utils-build",
+        "modules-utils-preconditions",
+    ],
+    libs: [
+        "framework-connectivity-t.stubs.module_lib",
+        "unsupportedappusage",
+    ],
+    apex_available: [
+        "com.android.tethering",
+    ],
+    lint: { strict_updatability_linting: true },
+}
+
+java_library {
+    name: "framework-connectivity-pre-jarjar",
+    defaults: ["framework-connectivity-defaults"],
+    libs: [
+        // This cannot be in the defaults clause above because if it were, it would be used
+        // to generate the connectivity stubs. That would create a circular dependency
+        // because the tethering stubs depend on the connectivity stubs (e.g.,
+        // TetheringRequest depends on LinkAddress).
+        "framework-tethering.stubs.module_lib",
+    ],
+    visibility: ["//packages/modules/Connectivity:__subpackages__"]
+}
+
+java_sdk_library {
+    name: "framework-connectivity",
+    defaults: ["framework-connectivity-defaults"],
+    installable: true,
+    jarjar_rules: ":connectivity-jarjar-rules",
+    permitted_packages: ["android.net"],
+    impl_library_visibility: [
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/Tethering/apex",
+        // In preparation for future move
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/apex",
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t",
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/service",
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/service-t",
+        "//frameworks/base/packages/Connectivity/service",
+        "//frameworks/base",
+
+        // Tests using hidden APIs
+        "//cts/tests/netlegacy22.api",
+        "//cts/tests/tests/app.usage", // NetworkUsageStatsTest
+        "//external/sl4a:__subpackages__",
+        "//frameworks/base/packages/Connectivity/tests:__subpackages__",
+        "//frameworks/base/core/tests/bandwidthtests",
+        "//frameworks/base/core/tests/benchmarks",
+        "//frameworks/base/core/tests/utillib",
+        "//frameworks/base/tests/vcn",
+        "//frameworks/libs/net/common/testutils",
+        "//frameworks/libs/net/common/tests:__subpackages__",
+        "//frameworks/opt/net/ethernet/tests:__subpackages__",
+        "//frameworks/opt/telephony/tests/telephonytests",
+        "//packages/modules/CaptivePortalLogin/tests",
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/Tethering/tests:__subpackages__",
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/tests:__subpackages__",
+        "//packages/modules/IPsec/tests/iketests",
+        "//packages/modules/NetworkStack/tests:__subpackages__",
+        "//packages/modules/Wifi/service/tests/wifitests",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "libframework-connectivity-jni",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wno-unused-parameter",
+        // Don't warn about S API usage even with
+        // min_sdk 30: the library is only loaded
+        // on S+ devices
+        "-Wno-unguarded-availability",
+        "-Wthread-safety",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "jni/android_net_NetworkUtils.cpp",
+        "jni/onload.cpp",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libandroid",
+        "liblog",
+        "libnativehelper",
+    ],
+    header_libs: [
+        "dnsproxyd_protocol_headers",
+    ],
+    stl: "none",
+    apex_available: [
+        "com.android.tethering",
+    ],
+}
+
+filegroup {
+    name: "framework-connectivity-protos",
+    srcs: [
+        "proto/**/*.proto",
+    ],
+    visibility: ["//frameworks/base"],
+}
+
+gensrcs {
+    name: "framework-connectivity-javastream-protos",
+    depfile: true,
+
+    tools: [
+        "aprotoc",
+        "protoc-gen-javastream",
+        "soong_zip",
+    ],
+
+    cmd: "mkdir -p $(genDir)/$(in) " +
+        "&& $(location aprotoc) " +
+        "  --plugin=$(location protoc-gen-javastream) " +
+        "  --dependency_out=$(depfile) " +
+        "  --javastream_out=$(genDir)/$(in) " +
+        "  -Iexternal/protobuf/src " +
+        "  -I . " +
+        "  $(in) " +
+        "&& $(location soong_zip) -jar -o $(out) -C $(genDir)/$(in) -D $(genDir)/$(in)",
+
+    srcs: [
+        ":framework-connectivity-protos",
+    ],
+    output_extension: "srcjar",
+}
diff --git a/framework/aidl-export/android/net/CaptivePortalData.aidl b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/CaptivePortalData.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d57ee7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/CaptivePortalData.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+@JavaOnlyStableParcelable parcelable CaptivePortalData;
diff --git a/framework/aidl-export/android/net/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.aidl b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82ba0ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/**
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+parcelable ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityReport;
+parcelable ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.DataStallReport;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/framework/aidl-export/android/net/DhcpInfo.aidl b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/DhcpInfo.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29cd21f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/DhcpInfo.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2008, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. 
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at 
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+parcelable DhcpInfo;
diff --git a/framework/aidl-export/android/net/DhcpOption.aidl b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/DhcpOption.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ed0e62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/DhcpOption.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2021, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+parcelable DhcpOption;
+
diff --git a/framework/aidl-export/android/net/DscpPolicy.aidl b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/DscpPolicy.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8da42ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/DscpPolicy.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+@JavaOnlyStableParcelable parcelable DscpPolicy;
diff --git a/framework/aidl-export/android/net/IpConfiguration.aidl b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/IpConfiguration.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a30f0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/IpConfiguration.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+parcelable IpConfiguration;
diff --git a/framework/aidl-export/android/net/IpPrefix.aidl b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/IpPrefix.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3495efc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/IpPrefix.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/**
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+// @JavaOnlyStableParcelable only affects the parcelable when built as stable aidl (aidl_interface
+// build rule).
+@JavaOnlyStableParcelable parcelable IpPrefix;
diff --git a/framework/aidl-export/android/net/KeepalivePacketData.aidl b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/KeepalivePacketData.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d456b53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/KeepalivePacketData.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+parcelable KeepalivePacketData;
diff --git a/framework/aidl-export/android/net/LinkAddress.aidl b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/LinkAddress.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c804db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/LinkAddress.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/**
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+@JavaOnlyStableParcelable parcelable LinkAddress;
+
diff --git a/framework/aidl-export/android/net/LinkProperties.aidl b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/LinkProperties.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8b3c7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/LinkProperties.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/*
+**
+** Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
+**
+** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+** You may obtain a copy of the License at
+**
+**     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+**
+** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+** limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package android.net;
+
+@JavaOnlyStableParcelable parcelable LinkProperties;
diff --git a/framework/aidl-export/android/net/MacAddress.aidl b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/MacAddress.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..48a18a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/MacAddress.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/**
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+@JavaOnlyStableParcelable parcelable MacAddress;
diff --git a/framework/aidl-export/android/net/Network.aidl b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/Network.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0562202
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/Network.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/*
+**
+** Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+**
+** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+** You may obtain a copy of the License at
+**
+**     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+**
+** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+** limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package android.net;
+
+@JavaOnlyStableParcelable parcelable Network;
diff --git a/framework/aidl-export/android/net/NetworkAgentConfig.aidl b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/NetworkAgentConfig.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02d50b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/NetworkAgentConfig.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+@JavaOnlyStableParcelable parcelable NetworkAgentConfig;
diff --git a/framework/aidl-export/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.aidl b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01d3286
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/*
+**
+** Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+**
+** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+** You may obtain a copy of the License at
+**
+**     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+**
+** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+** limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package android.net;
+
+@JavaOnlyStableParcelable parcelable NetworkCapabilities;
+
diff --git a/framework/aidl-export/android/net/NetworkInfo.aidl b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/NetworkInfo.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f501873
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/NetworkInfo.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2007, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. 
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at 
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+parcelable NetworkInfo;
diff --git a/framework/aidl-export/android/net/NetworkRequest.aidl b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/NetworkRequest.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..508defc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/NetworkRequest.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2014, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+parcelable NetworkRequest;
+
diff --git a/framework/aidl-export/android/net/NetworkScore.aidl b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/NetworkScore.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af12dcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/NetworkScore.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2021, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+parcelable NetworkScore;
+
diff --git a/framework/aidl-export/android/net/NetworkStateSnapshot.aidl b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/NetworkStateSnapshot.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb602d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/NetworkStateSnapshot.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2021, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+parcelable NetworkStateSnapshot;
diff --git a/framework/aidl-export/android/net/OemNetworkPreferences.aidl b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/OemNetworkPreferences.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b6a4ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/OemNetworkPreferences.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+parcelable OemNetworkPreferences;
diff --git a/framework/aidl-export/android/net/ProfileNetworkPreference.aidl b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/ProfileNetworkPreference.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7f2402
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/ProfileNetworkPreference.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+parcelable ProfileNetworkPreference;
diff --git a/framework/aidl-export/android/net/ProxyInfo.aidl b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/ProxyInfo.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a5d0c12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/ProxyInfo.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/*
+**
+** Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
+**
+** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+** You may obtain a copy of the License at
+**
+**     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+**
+** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+** limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package android.net;
+
+@JavaOnlyStableParcelable parcelable ProxyInfo;
+
diff --git a/framework/aidl-export/android/net/QosFilterParcelable.aidl b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/QosFilterParcelable.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..312d635
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/QosFilterParcelable.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/*
+**
+** Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+**
+** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+** You may obtain a copy of the License at
+**
+**     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+**
+** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+** limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package android.net;
+
+parcelable QosFilterParcelable;
+
diff --git a/framework/aidl-export/android/net/QosSession.aidl b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/QosSession.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c2cf366
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/QosSession.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/*
+**
+** Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+**
+** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+** You may obtain a copy of the License at
+**
+**     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+**
+** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+** limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package android.net;
+
+parcelable QosSession;
+
diff --git a/framework/aidl-export/android/net/QosSocketInfo.aidl b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/QosSocketInfo.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..476c090
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/QosSocketInfo.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/*
+**
+** Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+**
+** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+** You may obtain a copy of the License at
+**
+**     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+**
+** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+** limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package android.net;
+
+parcelable QosSocketInfo;
+
diff --git a/framework/aidl-export/android/net/RouteInfo.aidl b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/RouteInfo.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7af9fda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/RouteInfo.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+@JavaOnlyStableParcelable parcelable RouteInfo;
diff --git a/framework/aidl-export/android/net/StaticIpConfiguration.aidl b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/StaticIpConfiguration.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8aac701
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/StaticIpConfiguration.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/*
+**
+** Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+**
+** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+** You may obtain a copy of the License at
+**
+**     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+**
+** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+** limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package android.net;
+
+@JavaOnlyStableParcelable parcelable StaticIpConfiguration;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/framework/aidl-export/android/net/TestNetworkInterface.aidl b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/TestNetworkInterface.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e1f4f9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/TestNetworkInterface.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+/** @hide */
+parcelable TestNetworkInterface;
diff --git a/framework/aidl-export/android/net/apf/ApfCapabilities.aidl b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/apf/ApfCapabilities.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c4d4c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/apf/ApfCapabilities.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/*
+**
+** Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+**
+** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+** You may obtain a copy of the License at
+**
+**     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+**
+** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+** limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package android.net.apf;
+
+@JavaOnlyStableParcelable parcelable ApfCapabilities;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/framework/api/current.txt b/framework/api/current.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..547b7e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/api/current.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,526 @@
+// Signature format: 2.0
+package android.net {
+
+  public class CaptivePortal implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method public void ignoreNetwork();
+    method public void reportCaptivePortalDismissed();
+    method public void writeToParcel(android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.CaptivePortal> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  public class ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager {
+    method public void registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback);
+    method public void unregisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(@NonNull android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback);
+  }
+
+  public abstract static class ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback {
+    ctor public ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback();
+    method public void onConnectivityReportAvailable(@NonNull android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityReport);
+    method public void onDataStallSuspected(@NonNull android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.DataStallReport);
+    method public void onNetworkConnectivityReported(@NonNull android.net.Network, boolean);
+  }
+
+  public static final class ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityReport implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityReport(@NonNull android.net.Network, long, @NonNull android.net.LinkProperties, @NonNull android.net.NetworkCapabilities, @NonNull android.os.PersistableBundle);
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method @NonNull public android.os.PersistableBundle getAdditionalInfo();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.LinkProperties getLinkProperties();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.Network getNetwork();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities getNetworkCapabilities();
+    method public long getReportTimestamp();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityReport> CREATOR;
+    field public static final String KEY_NETWORK_PROBES_ATTEMPTED_BITMASK = "networkProbesAttempted";
+    field public static final String KEY_NETWORK_PROBES_SUCCEEDED_BITMASK = "networkProbesSucceeded";
+    field public static final String KEY_NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT = "networkValidationResult";
+    field public static final int NETWORK_PROBE_DNS = 4; // 0x4
+    field public static final int NETWORK_PROBE_FALLBACK = 32; // 0x20
+    field public static final int NETWORK_PROBE_HTTP = 8; // 0x8
+    field public static final int NETWORK_PROBE_HTTPS = 16; // 0x10
+    field public static final int NETWORK_PROBE_PRIVATE_DNS = 64; // 0x40
+    field public static final int NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_INVALID = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_PARTIALLY_VALID = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_SKIPPED = 3; // 0x3
+    field public static final int NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_VALID = 1; // 0x1
+  }
+
+  public static final class ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.DataStallReport implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.DataStallReport(@NonNull android.net.Network, long, int, @NonNull android.net.LinkProperties, @NonNull android.net.NetworkCapabilities, @NonNull android.os.PersistableBundle);
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method public int getDetectionMethod();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.LinkProperties getLinkProperties();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.Network getNetwork();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities getNetworkCapabilities();
+    method public long getReportTimestamp();
+    method @NonNull public android.os.PersistableBundle getStallDetails();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.DataStallReport> CREATOR;
+    field public static final int DETECTION_METHOD_DNS_EVENTS = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int DETECTION_METHOD_TCP_METRICS = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final String KEY_DNS_CONSECUTIVE_TIMEOUTS = "dnsConsecutiveTimeouts";
+    field public static final String KEY_TCP_METRICS_COLLECTION_PERIOD_MILLIS = "tcpMetricsCollectionPeriodMillis";
+    field public static final String KEY_TCP_PACKET_FAIL_RATE = "tcpPacketFailRate";
+  }
+
+  public class ConnectivityManager {
+    method public void addDefaultNetworkActiveListener(android.net.ConnectivityManager.OnNetworkActiveListener);
+    method public boolean bindProcessToNetwork(@Nullable android.net.Network);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.SocketKeepalive createSocketKeepalive(@NonNull android.net.Network, @NonNull android.net.IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket, @NonNull java.net.InetAddress, @NonNull java.net.InetAddress, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.SocketKeepalive.Callback);
+    method @Nullable @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public android.net.Network getActiveNetwork();
+    method @Deprecated @Nullable @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public android.net.NetworkInfo getActiveNetworkInfo();
+    method @Deprecated @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public android.net.NetworkInfo[] getAllNetworkInfo();
+    method @Deprecated @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public android.net.Network[] getAllNetworks();
+    method @Deprecated public boolean getBackgroundDataSetting();
+    method @Nullable public android.net.Network getBoundNetworkForProcess();
+    method public int getConnectionOwnerUid(int, @NonNull java.net.InetSocketAddress, @NonNull java.net.InetSocketAddress);
+    method @Nullable public android.net.ProxyInfo getDefaultProxy();
+    method @Nullable @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public android.net.LinkProperties getLinkProperties(@Nullable android.net.Network);
+    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public int getMultipathPreference(@Nullable android.net.Network);
+    method @Nullable @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public android.net.NetworkCapabilities getNetworkCapabilities(@Nullable android.net.Network);
+    method @Deprecated @Nullable @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public android.net.NetworkInfo getNetworkInfo(int);
+    method @Deprecated @Nullable @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public android.net.NetworkInfo getNetworkInfo(@Nullable android.net.Network);
+    method @Deprecated @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public int getNetworkPreference();
+    method @Nullable public byte[] getNetworkWatchlistConfigHash();
+    method @Deprecated @Nullable public static android.net.Network getProcessDefaultNetwork();
+    method public int getRestrictBackgroundStatus();
+    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public boolean isActiveNetworkMetered();
+    method public boolean isDefaultNetworkActive();
+    method @Deprecated public static boolean isNetworkTypeValid(int);
+    method public void registerBestMatchingNetworkCallback(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest, @NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback, @NonNull android.os.Handler);
+    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public void registerDefaultNetworkCallback(@NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback);
+    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public void registerDefaultNetworkCallback(@NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback, @NonNull android.os.Handler);
+    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public void registerNetworkCallback(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest, @NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback);
+    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public void registerNetworkCallback(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest, @NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback, @NonNull android.os.Handler);
+    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public void registerNetworkCallback(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest, @NonNull android.app.PendingIntent);
+    method public void releaseNetworkRequest(@NonNull android.app.PendingIntent);
+    method public void removeDefaultNetworkActiveListener(@NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.OnNetworkActiveListener);
+    method @Deprecated public void reportBadNetwork(@Nullable android.net.Network);
+    method public void reportNetworkConnectivity(@Nullable android.net.Network, boolean);
+    method public boolean requestBandwidthUpdate(@NonNull android.net.Network);
+    method public void requestNetwork(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest, @NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback);
+    method public void requestNetwork(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest, @NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback, @NonNull android.os.Handler);
+    method public void requestNetwork(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest, @NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback, int);
+    method public void requestNetwork(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest, @NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback, @NonNull android.os.Handler, int);
+    method public void requestNetwork(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest, @NonNull android.app.PendingIntent);
+    method @Deprecated public void setNetworkPreference(int);
+    method @Deprecated public static boolean setProcessDefaultNetwork(@Nullable android.net.Network);
+    method public void unregisterNetworkCallback(@NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback);
+    method public void unregisterNetworkCallback(@NonNull android.app.PendingIntent);
+    field @Deprecated public static final String ACTION_BACKGROUND_DATA_SETTING_CHANGED = "android.net.conn.BACKGROUND_DATA_SETTING_CHANGED";
+    field public static final String ACTION_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_SIGN_IN = "android.net.conn.CAPTIVE_PORTAL";
+    field public static final String ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED = "android.net.conn.RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED";
+    field @Deprecated public static final String CONNECTIVITY_ACTION = "android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE";
+    field @Deprecated public static final int DEFAULT_NETWORK_PREFERENCE = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final String EXTRA_CAPTIVE_PORTAL = "android.net.extra.CAPTIVE_PORTAL";
+    field public static final String EXTRA_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_URL = "android.net.extra.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_URL";
+    field @Deprecated public static final String EXTRA_EXTRA_INFO = "extraInfo";
+    field @Deprecated public static final String EXTRA_IS_FAILOVER = "isFailover";
+    field public static final String EXTRA_NETWORK = "android.net.extra.NETWORK";
+    field @Deprecated public static final String EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO = "networkInfo";
+    field public static final String EXTRA_NETWORK_REQUEST = "android.net.extra.NETWORK_REQUEST";
+    field @Deprecated public static final String EXTRA_NETWORK_TYPE = "networkType";
+    field public static final String EXTRA_NO_CONNECTIVITY = "noConnectivity";
+    field @Deprecated public static final String EXTRA_OTHER_NETWORK_INFO = "otherNetwork";
+    field public static final String EXTRA_REASON = "reason";
+    field public static final int MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_HANDOVER = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_PERFORMANCE = 4; // 0x4
+    field public static final int MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_RELIABILITY = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_DISABLED = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_ENABLED = 3; // 0x3
+    field public static final int RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_WHITELISTED = 2; // 0x2
+    field @Deprecated public static final int TYPE_BLUETOOTH = 7; // 0x7
+    field @Deprecated public static final int TYPE_DUMMY = 8; // 0x8
+    field @Deprecated public static final int TYPE_ETHERNET = 9; // 0x9
+    field @Deprecated public static final int TYPE_MOBILE = 0; // 0x0
+    field @Deprecated public static final int TYPE_MOBILE_DUN = 4; // 0x4
+    field @Deprecated public static final int TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI = 5; // 0x5
+    field @Deprecated public static final int TYPE_MOBILE_MMS = 2; // 0x2
+    field @Deprecated public static final int TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL = 3; // 0x3
+    field @Deprecated public static final int TYPE_VPN = 17; // 0x11
+    field @Deprecated public static final int TYPE_WIFI = 1; // 0x1
+    field @Deprecated public static final int TYPE_WIMAX = 6; // 0x6
+  }
+
+  public static class ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback {
+    ctor public ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback();
+    ctor public ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback(int);
+    method public void onAvailable(@NonNull android.net.Network);
+    method public void onBlockedStatusChanged(@NonNull android.net.Network, boolean);
+    method public void onCapabilitiesChanged(@NonNull android.net.Network, @NonNull android.net.NetworkCapabilities);
+    method public void onLinkPropertiesChanged(@NonNull android.net.Network, @NonNull android.net.LinkProperties);
+    method public void onLosing(@NonNull android.net.Network, int);
+    method public void onLost(@NonNull android.net.Network);
+    method public void onUnavailable();
+    field public static final int FLAG_INCLUDE_LOCATION_INFO = 1; // 0x1
+  }
+
+  public static interface ConnectivityManager.OnNetworkActiveListener {
+    method public void onNetworkActive();
+  }
+
+  public class DhcpInfo implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public DhcpInfo();
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method public void writeToParcel(android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.DhcpInfo> CREATOR;
+    field public int dns1;
+    field public int dns2;
+    field public int gateway;
+    field public int ipAddress;
+    field public int leaseDuration;
+    field public int netmask;
+    field public int serverAddress;
+  }
+
+  public final class DnsResolver {
+    method @NonNull public static android.net.DnsResolver getInstance();
+    method public void query(@Nullable android.net.Network, @NonNull String, int, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @Nullable android.os.CancellationSignal, @NonNull android.net.DnsResolver.Callback<? super java.util.List<java.net.InetAddress>>);
+    method public void query(@Nullable android.net.Network, @NonNull String, int, int, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @Nullable android.os.CancellationSignal, @NonNull android.net.DnsResolver.Callback<? super java.util.List<java.net.InetAddress>>);
+    method public void rawQuery(@Nullable android.net.Network, @NonNull byte[], int, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @Nullable android.os.CancellationSignal, @NonNull android.net.DnsResolver.Callback<? super byte[]>);
+    method public void rawQuery(@Nullable android.net.Network, @NonNull String, int, int, int, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @Nullable android.os.CancellationSignal, @NonNull android.net.DnsResolver.Callback<? super byte[]>);
+    field public static final int CLASS_IN = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int ERROR_PARSE = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int ERROR_SYSTEM = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int FLAG_EMPTY = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int FLAG_NO_CACHE_LOOKUP = 4; // 0x4
+    field public static final int FLAG_NO_CACHE_STORE = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int FLAG_NO_RETRY = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int TYPE_A = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int TYPE_AAAA = 28; // 0x1c
+  }
+
+  public static interface DnsResolver.Callback<T> {
+    method public void onAnswer(@NonNull T, int);
+    method public void onError(@NonNull android.net.DnsResolver.DnsException);
+  }
+
+  public static class DnsResolver.DnsException extends java.lang.Exception {
+    ctor public DnsResolver.DnsException(int, @Nullable Throwable);
+    field public final int code;
+  }
+
+  public class InetAddresses {
+    method public static boolean isNumericAddress(@NonNull String);
+    method @NonNull public static java.net.InetAddress parseNumericAddress(@NonNull String);
+  }
+
+  public final class IpConfiguration implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method @Nullable public android.net.ProxyInfo getHttpProxy();
+    method @Nullable public android.net.StaticIpConfiguration getStaticIpConfiguration();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.IpConfiguration> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  public static final class IpConfiguration.Builder {
+    ctor public IpConfiguration.Builder();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.IpConfiguration build();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.IpConfiguration.Builder setHttpProxy(@Nullable android.net.ProxyInfo);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.IpConfiguration.Builder setStaticIpConfiguration(@Nullable android.net.StaticIpConfiguration);
+  }
+
+  public final class IpPrefix implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public IpPrefix(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress, @IntRange(from=0, to=128) int);
+    method public boolean contains(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress);
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method @NonNull public java.net.InetAddress getAddress();
+    method @IntRange(from=0, to=128) public int getPrefixLength();
+    method @NonNull public byte[] getRawAddress();
+    method public void writeToParcel(android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.IpPrefix> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  public class LinkAddress implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method public java.net.InetAddress getAddress();
+    method public int getFlags();
+    method @IntRange(from=0, to=128) public int getPrefixLength();
+    method public int getScope();
+    method public void writeToParcel(android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.LinkAddress> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  public final class LinkProperties implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public LinkProperties();
+    method public boolean addRoute(@NonNull android.net.RouteInfo);
+    method public void clear();
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method @Nullable public java.net.Inet4Address getDhcpServerAddress();
+    method @NonNull public java.util.List<java.net.InetAddress> getDnsServers();
+    method @Nullable public String getDomains();
+    method @Nullable public android.net.ProxyInfo getHttpProxy();
+    method @Nullable public String getInterfaceName();
+    method @NonNull public java.util.List<android.net.LinkAddress> getLinkAddresses();
+    method public int getMtu();
+    method @Nullable public android.net.IpPrefix getNat64Prefix();
+    method @Nullable public String getPrivateDnsServerName();
+    method @NonNull public java.util.List<android.net.RouteInfo> getRoutes();
+    method public boolean isPrivateDnsActive();
+    method public boolean isWakeOnLanSupported();
+    method public void setDhcpServerAddress(@Nullable java.net.Inet4Address);
+    method public void setDnsServers(@NonNull java.util.Collection<java.net.InetAddress>);
+    method public void setDomains(@Nullable String);
+    method public void setHttpProxy(@Nullable android.net.ProxyInfo);
+    method public void setInterfaceName(@Nullable String);
+    method public void setLinkAddresses(@NonNull java.util.Collection<android.net.LinkAddress>);
+    method public void setMtu(int);
+    method public void setNat64Prefix(@Nullable android.net.IpPrefix);
+    method public void writeToParcel(android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.LinkProperties> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  public final class MacAddress implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method @NonNull public static android.net.MacAddress fromBytes(@NonNull byte[]);
+    method @NonNull public static android.net.MacAddress fromString(@NonNull String);
+    method public int getAddressType();
+    method @Nullable public java.net.Inet6Address getLinkLocalIpv6FromEui48Mac();
+    method public boolean isLocallyAssigned();
+    method public boolean matches(@NonNull android.net.MacAddress, @NonNull android.net.MacAddress);
+    method @NonNull public byte[] toByteArray();
+    method @NonNull public String toOuiString();
+    method public void writeToParcel(android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field public static final android.net.MacAddress BROADCAST_ADDRESS;
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.MacAddress> CREATOR;
+    field public static final int TYPE_BROADCAST = 3; // 0x3
+    field public static final int TYPE_MULTICAST = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int TYPE_UNICAST = 1; // 0x1
+  }
+
+  public class Network implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method public void bindSocket(java.net.DatagramSocket) throws java.io.IOException;
+    method public void bindSocket(java.net.Socket) throws java.io.IOException;
+    method public void bindSocket(java.io.FileDescriptor) throws java.io.IOException;
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method public static android.net.Network fromNetworkHandle(long);
+    method public java.net.InetAddress[] getAllByName(String) throws java.net.UnknownHostException;
+    method public java.net.InetAddress getByName(String) throws java.net.UnknownHostException;
+    method public long getNetworkHandle();
+    method public javax.net.SocketFactory getSocketFactory();
+    method public java.net.URLConnection openConnection(java.net.URL) throws java.io.IOException;
+    method public java.net.URLConnection openConnection(java.net.URL, java.net.Proxy) throws java.io.IOException;
+    method public void writeToParcel(android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.Network> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  public final class NetworkCapabilities implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public NetworkCapabilities();
+    ctor public NetworkCapabilities(android.net.NetworkCapabilities);
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method @NonNull public int[] getCapabilities();
+    method @NonNull public int[] getEnterpriseIds();
+    method public int getLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps();
+    method public int getLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps();
+    method @Nullable public android.net.NetworkSpecifier getNetworkSpecifier();
+    method public int getOwnerUid();
+    method public int getSignalStrength();
+    method @Nullable public android.net.TransportInfo getTransportInfo();
+    method public boolean hasCapability(int);
+    method public boolean hasEnterpriseId(int);
+    method public boolean hasTransport(int);
+    method public void writeToParcel(android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.NetworkCapabilities> CREATOR;
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL = 17; // 0x11
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_CBS = 5; // 0x5
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_DUN = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_EIMS = 10; // 0xa
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE = 29; // 0x1d
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND = 19; // 0x13
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_FOTA = 3; // 0x3
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_HEAD_UNIT = 32; // 0x20
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_IA = 7; // 0x7
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_IMS = 4; // 0x4
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET = 12; // 0xc
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_MCX = 23; // 0x17
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_MMS = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_MMTEL = 33; // 0x21
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED = 20; // 0x14
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED = 11; // 0xb
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED = 13; // 0xd
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING = 18; // 0x12
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED = 21; // 0x15
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN = 15; // 0xf
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_PRIORITIZE_BANDWIDTH = 35; // 0x23
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_PRIORITIZE_LATENCY = 34; // 0x22
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_RCS = 8; // 0x8
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_SUPL = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED = 25; // 0x19
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED = 14; // 0xe
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED = 16; // 0x10
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_WIFI_P2P = 6; // 0x6
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_XCAP = 9; // 0x9
+    field public static final int NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1 = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_2 = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_3 = 3; // 0x3
+    field public static final int NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_4 = 4; // 0x4
+    field public static final int NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_5 = 5; // 0x5
+    field public static final int SIGNAL_STRENGTH_UNSPECIFIED = -2147483648; // 0x80000000
+    field public static final int TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int TRANSPORT_CELLULAR = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int TRANSPORT_ETHERNET = 3; // 0x3
+    field public static final int TRANSPORT_LOWPAN = 6; // 0x6
+    field public static final int TRANSPORT_USB = 8; // 0x8
+    field public static final int TRANSPORT_VPN = 4; // 0x4
+    field public static final int TRANSPORT_WIFI = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int TRANSPORT_WIFI_AWARE = 5; // 0x5
+  }
+
+  @Deprecated public class NetworkInfo implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor @Deprecated public NetworkInfo(int, int, @Nullable String, @Nullable String);
+    method @Deprecated public int describeContents();
+    method @Deprecated @NonNull public android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState getDetailedState();
+    method @Deprecated public String getExtraInfo();
+    method @Deprecated public String getReason();
+    method @Deprecated public android.net.NetworkInfo.State getState();
+    method @Deprecated public int getSubtype();
+    method @Deprecated public String getSubtypeName();
+    method @Deprecated public int getType();
+    method @Deprecated public String getTypeName();
+    method @Deprecated public boolean isAvailable();
+    method @Deprecated public boolean isConnected();
+    method @Deprecated public boolean isConnectedOrConnecting();
+    method @Deprecated public boolean isFailover();
+    method @Deprecated public boolean isRoaming();
+    method @Deprecated public void setDetailedState(@NonNull android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState, @Nullable String, @Nullable String);
+    method @Deprecated public void writeToParcel(android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @Deprecated @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.NetworkInfo> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  @Deprecated public enum NetworkInfo.DetailedState {
+    enum_constant @Deprecated public static final android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState AUTHENTICATING;
+    enum_constant @Deprecated public static final android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState BLOCKED;
+    enum_constant @Deprecated public static final android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState CAPTIVE_PORTAL_CHECK;
+    enum_constant @Deprecated public static final android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState CONNECTED;
+    enum_constant @Deprecated public static final android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState CONNECTING;
+    enum_constant @Deprecated public static final android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState DISCONNECTED;
+    enum_constant @Deprecated public static final android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState DISCONNECTING;
+    enum_constant @Deprecated public static final android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState FAILED;
+    enum_constant @Deprecated public static final android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState IDLE;
+    enum_constant @Deprecated public static final android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState OBTAINING_IPADDR;
+    enum_constant @Deprecated public static final android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState SCANNING;
+    enum_constant @Deprecated public static final android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState SUSPENDED;
+    enum_constant @Deprecated public static final android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState VERIFYING_POOR_LINK;
+  }
+
+  @Deprecated public enum NetworkInfo.State {
+    enum_constant @Deprecated public static final android.net.NetworkInfo.State CONNECTED;
+    enum_constant @Deprecated public static final android.net.NetworkInfo.State CONNECTING;
+    enum_constant @Deprecated public static final android.net.NetworkInfo.State DISCONNECTED;
+    enum_constant @Deprecated public static final android.net.NetworkInfo.State DISCONNECTING;
+    enum_constant @Deprecated public static final android.net.NetworkInfo.State SUSPENDED;
+    enum_constant @Deprecated public static final android.net.NetworkInfo.State UNKNOWN;
+  }
+
+  public class NetworkRequest implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method public boolean canBeSatisfiedBy(@Nullable android.net.NetworkCapabilities);
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method @NonNull public int[] getCapabilities();
+    method @Nullable public android.net.NetworkSpecifier getNetworkSpecifier();
+    method @NonNull public int[] getTransportTypes();
+    method public boolean hasCapability(int);
+    method public boolean hasTransport(int);
+    method public void writeToParcel(android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.NetworkRequest> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  public static class NetworkRequest.Builder {
+    ctor public NetworkRequest.Builder();
+    ctor public NetworkRequest.Builder(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest);
+    method public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder addCapability(int);
+    method public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder addTransportType(int);
+    method public android.net.NetworkRequest build();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder clearCapabilities();
+    method public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder removeCapability(int);
+    method public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder removeTransportType(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder setIncludeOtherUidNetworks(boolean);
+    method @Deprecated public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder setNetworkSpecifier(String);
+    method public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder setNetworkSpecifier(android.net.NetworkSpecifier);
+  }
+
+  public class ParseException extends java.lang.RuntimeException {
+    ctor public ParseException(@NonNull String);
+    ctor public ParseException(@NonNull String, @NonNull Throwable);
+    field public String response;
+  }
+
+  public class ProxyInfo implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public ProxyInfo(@Nullable android.net.ProxyInfo);
+    method public static android.net.ProxyInfo buildDirectProxy(String, int);
+    method public static android.net.ProxyInfo buildDirectProxy(String, int, java.util.List<java.lang.String>);
+    method public static android.net.ProxyInfo buildPacProxy(android.net.Uri);
+    method @NonNull public static android.net.ProxyInfo buildPacProxy(@NonNull android.net.Uri, int);
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method public String[] getExclusionList();
+    method public String getHost();
+    method public android.net.Uri getPacFileUrl();
+    method public int getPort();
+    method public boolean isValid();
+    method public void writeToParcel(android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.ProxyInfo> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  public final class RouteInfo implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.IpPrefix getDestination();
+    method @Nullable public java.net.InetAddress getGateway();
+    method @Nullable public String getInterface();
+    method public int getType();
+    method public boolean hasGateway();
+    method public boolean isDefaultRoute();
+    method public boolean matches(java.net.InetAddress);
+    method public void writeToParcel(android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.RouteInfo> CREATOR;
+    field public static final int RTN_THROW = 9; // 0x9
+    field public static final int RTN_UNICAST = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int RTN_UNREACHABLE = 7; // 0x7
+  }
+
+  public abstract class SocketKeepalive implements java.lang.AutoCloseable {
+    method public final void close();
+    method public final void start(@IntRange(from=0xa, to=0xe10) int);
+    method public final void stop();
+    field public static final int ERROR_HARDWARE_ERROR = -31; // 0xffffffe1
+    field public static final int ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES = -32; // 0xffffffe0
+    field public static final int ERROR_INVALID_INTERVAL = -24; // 0xffffffe8
+    field public static final int ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS = -21; // 0xffffffeb
+    field public static final int ERROR_INVALID_LENGTH = -23; // 0xffffffe9
+    field public static final int ERROR_INVALID_NETWORK = -20; // 0xffffffec
+    field public static final int ERROR_INVALID_PORT = -22; // 0xffffffea
+    field public static final int ERROR_INVALID_SOCKET = -25; // 0xffffffe7
+    field public static final int ERROR_SOCKET_NOT_IDLE = -26; // 0xffffffe6
+    field public static final int ERROR_UNSUPPORTED = -30; // 0xffffffe2
+  }
+
+  public static class SocketKeepalive.Callback {
+    ctor public SocketKeepalive.Callback();
+    method public void onDataReceived();
+    method public void onError(int);
+    method public void onStarted();
+    method public void onStopped();
+  }
+
+  public final class StaticIpConfiguration implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method @NonNull public java.util.List<java.net.InetAddress> getDnsServers();
+    method @Nullable public String getDomains();
+    method @Nullable public java.net.InetAddress getGateway();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.LinkAddress getIpAddress();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.StaticIpConfiguration> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  public static final class StaticIpConfiguration.Builder {
+    ctor public StaticIpConfiguration.Builder();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.StaticIpConfiguration build();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.StaticIpConfiguration.Builder setDnsServers(@NonNull Iterable<java.net.InetAddress>);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.StaticIpConfiguration.Builder setDomains(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.StaticIpConfiguration.Builder setGateway(@Nullable java.net.InetAddress);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.StaticIpConfiguration.Builder setIpAddress(@NonNull android.net.LinkAddress);
+  }
+
+  public interface TransportInfo {
+  }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/framework/api/lint-baseline.txt b/framework/api/lint-baseline.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f4004a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/api/lint-baseline.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+// Baseline format: 1.0
+VisiblySynchronized: android.net.NetworkInfo#toString():
+    Internal locks must not be exposed (synchronizing on this or class is still
+    externally observable): method android.net.NetworkInfo.toString()
diff --git a/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt b/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e4e2151
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+// Signature format: 2.0
+package android.net {
+
+  public final class ConnectivityFrameworkInitializer {
+    method public static void registerServiceWrappers();
+  }
+
+  public class ConnectivityManager {
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void addUidToMeteredNetworkAllowList(int);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void addUidToMeteredNetworkDenyList(int);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void factoryReset();
+    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS}) public java.util.List<android.net.NetworkStateSnapshot> getAllNetworkStateSnapshots();
+    method @Nullable public android.net.ProxyInfo getGlobalProxy();
+    method @NonNull public static android.util.Range<java.lang.Integer> getIpSecNetIdRange();
+    method @Nullable @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS}) public android.net.LinkProperties getRedactedLinkPropertiesForPackage(@NonNull android.net.LinkProperties, int, @NonNull String);
+    method @Nullable @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS}) public android.net.NetworkCapabilities getRedactedNetworkCapabilitiesForPackage(@NonNull android.net.NetworkCapabilities, int, @NonNull String);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS}) public void registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(int, @NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback, @NonNull android.os.Handler);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS}) public void registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(@NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback, @NonNull android.os.Handler);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void removeUidFromMeteredNetworkAllowList(int);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void removeUidFromMeteredNetworkDenyList(int);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void replaceFirewallChain(int, @NonNull int[]);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void requestBackgroundNetwork(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest, @NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback, @NonNull android.os.Handler);
+    method @Deprecated public boolean requestRouteToHostAddress(int, java.net.InetAddress);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETUP_WIZARD, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void setAcceptPartialConnectivity(@NonNull android.net.Network, boolean, boolean);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETUP_WIZARD, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void setAcceptUnvalidated(@NonNull android.net.Network, boolean, boolean);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETUP_WIZARD, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void setAvoidUnvalidated(@NonNull android.net.Network);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void setFirewallChainEnabled(int, boolean);
+    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK) public void setGlobalProxy(@Nullable android.net.ProxyInfo);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS}) public void setLegacyLockdownVpnEnabled(boolean);
+    method @Deprecated @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK) public void setProfileNetworkPreference(@NonNull android.os.UserHandle, int, @Nullable java.util.concurrent.Executor, @Nullable Runnable);
+    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK) public void setProfileNetworkPreferences(@NonNull android.os.UserHandle, @NonNull java.util.List<android.net.ProfileNetworkPreference>, @Nullable java.util.concurrent.Executor, @Nullable Runnable);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS}) public void setRequireVpnForUids(boolean, @NonNull java.util.Collection<android.util.Range<java.lang.Integer>>);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}) public void simulateDataStall(int, long, @NonNull android.net.Network, @NonNull android.os.PersistableBundle);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void startCaptivePortalApp(@NonNull android.net.Network);
+    method public void systemReady();
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void updateFirewallRule(int, int, boolean);
+    field public static final String ACTION_CLEAR_DNS_CACHE = "android.net.action.CLEAR_DNS_CACHE";
+    field public static final String ACTION_PROMPT_LOST_VALIDATION = "android.net.action.PROMPT_LOST_VALIDATION";
+    field public static final String ACTION_PROMPT_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY = "android.net.action.PROMPT_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY";
+    field public static final String ACTION_PROMPT_UNVALIDATED = "android.net.action.PROMPT_UNVALIDATED";
+    field public static final int BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_ADMIN_DISABLED = 262144; // 0x40000
+    field public static final int BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_DATA_SAVER = 65536; // 0x10000
+    field public static final int BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_MASK = -65536; // 0xffff0000
+    field public static final int BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED = 131072; // 0x20000
+    field public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_APP_STANDBY = 4; // 0x4
+    field public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_BATTERY_SAVER = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_DOZE = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_LOCKDOWN_VPN = 16; // 0x10
+    field public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_LOW_POWER_STANDBY = 32; // 0x20
+    field public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_NONE = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_RESTRICTED_MODE = 8; // 0x8
+    field public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOW_POWER_STANDBY = 5; // 0x5
+    field public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_POWERSAVE = 3; // 0x3
+    field public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_RESTRICTED = 4; // 0x4
+    field public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_STANDBY = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE_NO_FALLBACK = 2; // 0x2
+  }
+
+  public static class ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback {
+    method public void onBlockedStatusChanged(@NonNull android.net.Network, int);
+  }
+
+  public class ConnectivitySettingsManager {
+    method public static void clearGlobalProxy(@NonNull android.content.Context);
+    method @Nullable public static String getCaptivePortalHttpUrl(@NonNull android.content.Context);
+    method public static int getCaptivePortalMode(@NonNull android.content.Context, int);
+    method @NonNull public static java.time.Duration getConnectivityKeepPendingIntentDuration(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull java.time.Duration);
+    method @NonNull public static android.util.Range<java.lang.Integer> getDnsResolverSampleRanges(@NonNull android.content.Context);
+    method @NonNull public static java.time.Duration getDnsResolverSampleValidityDuration(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull java.time.Duration);
+    method public static int getDnsResolverSuccessThresholdPercent(@NonNull android.content.Context, int);
+    method @Nullable public static android.net.ProxyInfo getGlobalProxy(@NonNull android.content.Context);
+    method public static long getIngressRateLimitInBytesPerSecond(@NonNull android.content.Context);
+    method @NonNull public static java.time.Duration getMobileDataActivityTimeout(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull java.time.Duration);
+    method public static boolean getMobileDataAlwaysOn(@NonNull android.content.Context, boolean);
+    method @NonNull public static java.util.Set<java.lang.Integer> getMobileDataPreferredUids(@NonNull android.content.Context);
+    method public static int getNetworkAvoidBadWifi(@NonNull android.content.Context);
+    method @Nullable public static String getNetworkMeteredMultipathPreference(@NonNull android.content.Context);
+    method public static int getNetworkSwitchNotificationMaximumDailyCount(@NonNull android.content.Context, int);
+    method @NonNull public static java.time.Duration getNetworkSwitchNotificationRateDuration(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull java.time.Duration);
+    method @NonNull public static String getPrivateDnsDefaultMode(@NonNull android.content.Context);
+    method @Nullable public static String getPrivateDnsHostname(@NonNull android.content.Context);
+    method public static int getPrivateDnsMode(@NonNull android.content.Context);
+    method @NonNull public static java.util.Set<java.lang.Integer> getUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(@NonNull android.content.Context);
+    method public static boolean getWifiAlwaysRequested(@NonNull android.content.Context, boolean);
+    method @NonNull public static java.time.Duration getWifiDataActivityTimeout(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull java.time.Duration);
+    method public static void setCaptivePortalHttpUrl(@NonNull android.content.Context, @Nullable String);
+    method public static void setCaptivePortalMode(@NonNull android.content.Context, int);
+    method public static void setConnectivityKeepPendingIntentDuration(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull java.time.Duration);
+    method public static void setDnsResolverSampleRanges(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull android.util.Range<java.lang.Integer>);
+    method public static void setDnsResolverSampleValidityDuration(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull java.time.Duration);
+    method public static void setDnsResolverSuccessThresholdPercent(@NonNull android.content.Context, @IntRange(from=0, to=100) int);
+    method public static void setGlobalProxy(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull android.net.ProxyInfo);
+    method public static void setIngressRateLimitInBytesPerSecond(@NonNull android.content.Context, @IntRange(from=-1L, to=4294967295L) long);
+    method public static void setMobileDataActivityTimeout(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull java.time.Duration);
+    method public static void setMobileDataAlwaysOn(@NonNull android.content.Context, boolean);
+    method public static void setMobileDataPreferredUids(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull java.util.Set<java.lang.Integer>);
+    method public static void setNetworkAvoidBadWifi(@NonNull android.content.Context, int);
+    method public static void setNetworkMeteredMultipathPreference(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull String);
+    method public static void setNetworkSwitchNotificationMaximumDailyCount(@NonNull android.content.Context, @IntRange(from=0) int);
+    method public static void setNetworkSwitchNotificationRateDuration(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull java.time.Duration);
+    method public static void setPrivateDnsDefaultMode(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull int);
+    method public static void setPrivateDnsHostname(@NonNull android.content.Context, @Nullable String);
+    method public static void setPrivateDnsMode(@NonNull android.content.Context, int);
+    method public static void setUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull java.util.Set<java.lang.Integer>);
+    method public static void setWifiAlwaysRequested(@NonNull android.content.Context, boolean);
+    method public static void setWifiDataActivityTimeout(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull java.time.Duration);
+    field public static final int CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE_AVOID = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE_IGNORE = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE_PROMPT = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI_AVOID = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI_IGNORE = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI_PROMPT = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OFF = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_PROVIDER_HOSTNAME = 3; // 0x3
+  }
+
+  public final class DhcpOption implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public DhcpOption(byte, @Nullable byte[]);
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method public byte getType();
+    method @Nullable public byte[] getValue();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.DhcpOption> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  public final class NetworkAgentConfig implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method @Nullable public String getSubscriberId();
+    method public boolean isBypassableVpn();
+    method public boolean isVpnValidationRequired();
+  }
+
+  public static final class NetworkAgentConfig.Builder {
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkAgentConfig.Builder setBypassableVpn(boolean);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkAgentConfig.Builder setLocalRoutesExcludedForVpn(boolean);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkAgentConfig.Builder setSubscriberId(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkAgentConfig.Builder setVpnRequiresValidation(boolean);
+  }
+
+  public final class NetworkCapabilities implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY) public java.util.Set<java.lang.Integer> getAllowedUids();
+    method @Nullable public java.util.Set<android.util.Range<java.lang.Integer>> getUids();
+    method public boolean hasForbiddenCapability(int);
+    field public static final long REDACT_ALL = -1L; // 0xffffffffffffffffL
+    field public static final long REDACT_FOR_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION = 1L; // 0x1L
+    field public static final long REDACT_FOR_LOCAL_MAC_ADDRESS = 2L; // 0x2L
+    field public static final long REDACT_FOR_NETWORK_SETTINGS = 4L; // 0x4L
+    field public static final long REDACT_NONE = 0L; // 0x0L
+    field public static final int TRANSPORT_TEST = 7; // 0x7
+  }
+
+  public static final class NetworkCapabilities.Builder {
+    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY) public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder setAllowedUids(@NonNull java.util.Set<java.lang.Integer>);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder setUids(@Nullable java.util.Set<android.util.Range<java.lang.Integer>>);
+  }
+
+  public class NetworkRequest implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method @NonNull public int[] getEnterpriseIds();
+    method @NonNull public int[] getForbiddenCapabilities();
+    method public boolean hasEnterpriseId(int);
+    method public boolean hasForbiddenCapability(int);
+  }
+
+  public static class NetworkRequest.Builder {
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder addForbiddenCapability(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder removeForbiddenCapability(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder setUids(@Nullable java.util.Set<android.util.Range<java.lang.Integer>>);
+  }
+
+  public final class ProfileNetworkPreference implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method @NonNull public int[] getExcludedUids();
+    method @NonNull public int[] getIncludedUids();
+    method public int getPreference();
+    method public int getPreferenceEnterpriseId();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.ProfileNetworkPreference> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  public static final class ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder {
+    ctor public ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.ProfileNetworkPreference build();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder setExcludedUids(@NonNull int[]);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder setIncludedUids(@NonNull int[]);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder setPreference(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder setPreferenceEnterpriseId(int);
+  }
+
+  public final class TestNetworkInterface implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public TestNetworkInterface(@NonNull android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor, @NonNull String);
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method @NonNull public android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor getFileDescriptor();
+    method @NonNull public String getInterfaceName();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.TestNetworkInterface> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  public class TestNetworkManager {
+    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS) public android.net.TestNetworkInterface createTapInterface();
+    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS) public android.net.TestNetworkInterface createTunInterface(@NonNull java.util.Collection<android.net.LinkAddress>);
+    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS) public void setupTestNetwork(@NonNull String, @NonNull android.os.IBinder);
+    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS) public void teardownTestNetwork(@NonNull android.net.Network);
+    field public static final String TEST_TAP_PREFIX = "testtap";
+  }
+
+  public final class TestNetworkSpecifier extends android.net.NetworkSpecifier implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public TestNetworkSpecifier(@NonNull String);
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method @Nullable public String getInterfaceName();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.TestNetworkSpecifier> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  public interface TransportInfo {
+    method public default long getApplicableRedactions();
+    method @NonNull public default android.net.TransportInfo makeCopy(long);
+  }
+
+  public final class VpnTransportInfo implements android.os.Parcelable android.net.TransportInfo {
+    ctor public VpnTransportInfo(int, @Nullable String);
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method @Nullable public String getSessionId();
+    method public int getType();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.VpnTransportInfo makeCopy(long);
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.VpnTransportInfo> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/framework/api/module-lib-removed.txt b/framework/api/module-lib-removed.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d802177
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/api/module-lib-removed.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+// Signature format: 2.0
diff --git a/framework/api/removed.txt b/framework/api/removed.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..303a1e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/api/removed.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// Signature format: 2.0
+package android.net {
+
+  public class ConnectivityManager {
+    method @Deprecated public boolean requestRouteToHost(int, int);
+    method @Deprecated public int startUsingNetworkFeature(int, String);
+    method @Deprecated public int stopUsingNetworkFeature(int, String);
+  }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/framework/api/system-current.txt b/framework/api/system-current.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..53d485d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/api/system-current.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,522 @@
+// Signature format: 2.0
+package android.net {
+
+  public class CaptivePortal implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method @Deprecated public void logEvent(int, @NonNull String);
+    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK) public void reevaluateNetwork();
+    method public void useNetwork();
+    field public static final int APP_REQUEST_REEVALUATION_REQUIRED = 100; // 0x64
+    field public static final int APP_RETURN_DISMISSED = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int APP_RETURN_UNWANTED = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int APP_RETURN_WANTED_AS_IS = 2; // 0x2
+  }
+
+  public final class CaptivePortalData implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method public long getByteLimit();
+    method public long getExpiryTimeMillis();
+    method public long getRefreshTimeMillis();
+    method @Nullable public android.net.Uri getUserPortalUrl();
+    method public int getUserPortalUrlSource();
+    method @Nullable public CharSequence getVenueFriendlyName();
+    method @Nullable public android.net.Uri getVenueInfoUrl();
+    method public int getVenueInfoUrlSource();
+    method public boolean isCaptive();
+    method public boolean isSessionExtendable();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field public static final int CAPTIVE_PORTAL_DATA_SOURCE_OTHER = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int CAPTIVE_PORTAL_DATA_SOURCE_PASSPOINT = 1; // 0x1
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.CaptivePortalData> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  public static class CaptivePortalData.Builder {
+    ctor public CaptivePortalData.Builder();
+    ctor public CaptivePortalData.Builder(@Nullable android.net.CaptivePortalData);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.CaptivePortalData build();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.CaptivePortalData.Builder setBytesRemaining(long);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.CaptivePortalData.Builder setCaptive(boolean);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.CaptivePortalData.Builder setExpiryTime(long);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.CaptivePortalData.Builder setRefreshTime(long);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.CaptivePortalData.Builder setSessionExtendable(boolean);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.CaptivePortalData.Builder setUserPortalUrl(@Nullable android.net.Uri);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.CaptivePortalData.Builder setUserPortalUrl(@Nullable android.net.Uri, int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.CaptivePortalData.Builder setVenueFriendlyName(@Nullable CharSequence);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.CaptivePortalData.Builder setVenueInfoUrl(@Nullable android.net.Uri);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.CaptivePortalData.Builder setVenueInfoUrl(@Nullable android.net.Uri, int);
+  }
+
+  public class ConnectivityManager {
+    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.PACKET_KEEPALIVE_OFFLOAD) public android.net.SocketKeepalive createNattKeepalive(@NonNull android.net.Network, @NonNull android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor, @NonNull java.net.InetAddress, @NonNull java.net.InetAddress, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.SocketKeepalive.Callback);
+    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.PACKET_KEEPALIVE_OFFLOAD) public android.net.SocketKeepalive createSocketKeepalive(@NonNull android.net.Network, @NonNull java.net.Socket, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.SocketKeepalive.Callback);
+    method @Deprecated @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS) public String getCaptivePortalServerUrl();
+    method @Deprecated @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED) public void getLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(int, boolean, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.OnTetheringEntitlementResultListener);
+    method @Deprecated @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED, android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS}) public boolean isTetheringSupported();
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY}) public int registerNetworkProvider(@NonNull android.net.NetworkProvider);
+    method public void registerQosCallback(@NonNull android.net.QosSocketInfo, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.QosCallback);
+    method @Deprecated @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED) public void registerTetheringEventCallback(@NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.OnTetheringEventCallback);
+    method @RequiresPermission(android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK) public void requestNetwork(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest, int, int, @NonNull android.os.Handler, @NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_AIRPLANE_MODE, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETUP_WIZARD, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}) public void setAirplaneMode(boolean);
+    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.CONTROL_OEM_PAID_NETWORK_PREFERENCE) public void setOemNetworkPreference(@NonNull android.net.OemNetworkPreferences, @Nullable java.util.concurrent.Executor, @Nullable Runnable);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}) public boolean shouldAvoidBadWifi();
+    method @RequiresPermission(android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK) public void startCaptivePortalApp(@NonNull android.net.Network, @NonNull android.os.Bundle);
+    method @Deprecated @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED) public void startTethering(int, boolean, android.net.ConnectivityManager.OnStartTetheringCallback);
+    method @Deprecated @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED) public void startTethering(int, boolean, android.net.ConnectivityManager.OnStartTetheringCallback, android.os.Handler);
+    method @Deprecated @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED) public void stopTethering(int);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY}) public void unregisterNetworkProvider(@NonNull android.net.NetworkProvider);
+    method public void unregisterQosCallback(@NonNull android.net.QosCallback);
+    method @Deprecated @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED) public void unregisterTetheringEventCallback(@NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.OnTetheringEventCallback);
+    field public static final String EXTRA_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_PROBE_SPEC = "android.net.extra.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_PROBE_SPEC";
+    field public static final String EXTRA_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_USER_AGENT = "android.net.extra.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_USER_AGENT";
+    field public static final int TETHERING_BLUETOOTH = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int TETHERING_USB = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int TETHERING_WIFI = 0; // 0x0
+    field @Deprecated public static final int TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKONWN = 13; // 0xd
+    field @Deprecated public static final int TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR = 0; // 0x0
+    field @Deprecated public static final int TETHER_ERROR_PROVISION_FAILED = 11; // 0xb
+    field public static final int TYPE_NONE = -1; // 0xffffffff
+    field @Deprecated public static final int TYPE_PROXY = 16; // 0x10
+    field @Deprecated public static final int TYPE_WIFI_P2P = 13; // 0xd
+  }
+
+  @Deprecated public abstract static class ConnectivityManager.OnStartTetheringCallback {
+    ctor @Deprecated public ConnectivityManager.OnStartTetheringCallback();
+    method @Deprecated public void onTetheringFailed();
+    method @Deprecated public void onTetheringStarted();
+  }
+
+  @Deprecated public static interface ConnectivityManager.OnTetheringEntitlementResultListener {
+    method @Deprecated public void onTetheringEntitlementResult(int);
+  }
+
+  @Deprecated public abstract static class ConnectivityManager.OnTetheringEventCallback {
+    ctor @Deprecated public ConnectivityManager.OnTetheringEventCallback();
+    method @Deprecated public void onUpstreamChanged(@Nullable android.net.Network);
+  }
+
+  public final class DscpPolicy implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method @Nullable public java.net.InetAddress getDestinationAddress();
+    method @Nullable public android.util.Range<java.lang.Integer> getDestinationPortRange();
+    method public int getDscpValue();
+    method public int getPolicyId();
+    method public int getProtocol();
+    method @Nullable public java.net.InetAddress getSourceAddress();
+    method public int getSourcePort();
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.DscpPolicy> CREATOR;
+    field public static final int PROTOCOL_ANY = -1; // 0xffffffff
+    field public static final int SOURCE_PORT_ANY = -1; // 0xffffffff
+    field public static final int STATUS_DELETED = 4; // 0x4
+    field public static final int STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_PROCESSING_RESOURCES = 3; // 0x3
+    field public static final int STATUS_POLICY_NOT_FOUND = 5; // 0x5
+    field public static final int STATUS_REQUESTED_CLASSIFIER_NOT_SUPPORTED = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int STATUS_REQUEST_DECLINED = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int STATUS_SUCCESS = 0; // 0x0
+  }
+
+  public static final class DscpPolicy.Builder {
+    ctor public DscpPolicy.Builder(int, int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.DscpPolicy build();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.DscpPolicy.Builder setDestinationAddress(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.DscpPolicy.Builder setDestinationPortRange(@NonNull android.util.Range<java.lang.Integer>);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.DscpPolicy.Builder setProtocol(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.DscpPolicy.Builder setSourceAddress(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.DscpPolicy.Builder setSourcePort(int);
+  }
+
+  public final class InvalidPacketException extends java.lang.Exception {
+    ctor public InvalidPacketException(int);
+    method public int getError();
+    field public static final int ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS = -21; // 0xffffffeb
+    field public static final int ERROR_INVALID_LENGTH = -23; // 0xffffffe9
+    field public static final int ERROR_INVALID_PORT = -22; // 0xffffffea
+  }
+
+  public final class IpConfiguration implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public IpConfiguration();
+    ctor public IpConfiguration(@NonNull android.net.IpConfiguration);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.IpConfiguration.IpAssignment getIpAssignment();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.IpConfiguration.ProxySettings getProxySettings();
+    method public void setHttpProxy(@Nullable android.net.ProxyInfo);
+    method public void setIpAssignment(@NonNull android.net.IpConfiguration.IpAssignment);
+    method public void setProxySettings(@NonNull android.net.IpConfiguration.ProxySettings);
+    method public void setStaticIpConfiguration(@Nullable android.net.StaticIpConfiguration);
+  }
+
+  public enum IpConfiguration.IpAssignment {
+    enum_constant public static final android.net.IpConfiguration.IpAssignment DHCP;
+    enum_constant public static final android.net.IpConfiguration.IpAssignment STATIC;
+    enum_constant public static final android.net.IpConfiguration.IpAssignment UNASSIGNED;
+  }
+
+  public enum IpConfiguration.ProxySettings {
+    enum_constant public static final android.net.IpConfiguration.ProxySettings NONE;
+    enum_constant public static final android.net.IpConfiguration.ProxySettings PAC;
+    enum_constant public static final android.net.IpConfiguration.ProxySettings STATIC;
+    enum_constant public static final android.net.IpConfiguration.ProxySettings UNASSIGNED;
+  }
+
+  public final class IpPrefix implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public IpPrefix(@NonNull String);
+  }
+
+  public class KeepalivePacketData {
+    ctor protected KeepalivePacketData(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress, @IntRange(from=0, to=65535) int, @NonNull java.net.InetAddress, @IntRange(from=0, to=65535) int, @NonNull byte[]) throws android.net.InvalidPacketException;
+    method @NonNull public java.net.InetAddress getDstAddress();
+    method public int getDstPort();
+    method @NonNull public byte[] getPacket();
+    method @NonNull public java.net.InetAddress getSrcAddress();
+    method public int getSrcPort();
+  }
+
+  public class LinkAddress implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public LinkAddress(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress, @IntRange(from=0, to=128) int, int, int);
+    ctor public LinkAddress(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress, @IntRange(from=0, to=128) int, int, int, long, long);
+    ctor public LinkAddress(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress, @IntRange(from=0, to=128) int);
+    ctor public LinkAddress(@NonNull String);
+    ctor public LinkAddress(@NonNull String, int, int);
+    method public long getDeprecationTime();
+    method public long getExpirationTime();
+    method public boolean isGlobalPreferred();
+    method public boolean isIpv4();
+    method public boolean isIpv6();
+    method public boolean isSameAddressAs(@Nullable android.net.LinkAddress);
+    field public static final long LIFETIME_PERMANENT = 9223372036854775807L; // 0x7fffffffffffffffL
+    field public static final long LIFETIME_UNKNOWN = -1L; // 0xffffffffffffffffL
+  }
+
+  public final class LinkProperties implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public LinkProperties(@Nullable android.net.LinkProperties);
+    ctor public LinkProperties(@Nullable android.net.LinkProperties, boolean);
+    method public boolean addDnsServer(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress);
+    method public boolean addLinkAddress(@NonNull android.net.LinkAddress);
+    method public boolean addPcscfServer(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress);
+    method @NonNull public java.util.List<java.net.InetAddress> getAddresses();
+    method @NonNull public java.util.List<java.lang.String> getAllInterfaceNames();
+    method @NonNull public java.util.List<android.net.LinkAddress> getAllLinkAddresses();
+    method @NonNull public java.util.List<android.net.RouteInfo> getAllRoutes();
+    method @Nullable public android.net.Uri getCaptivePortalApiUrl();
+    method @Nullable public android.net.CaptivePortalData getCaptivePortalData();
+    method @NonNull public java.util.List<java.net.InetAddress> getPcscfServers();
+    method @Nullable public String getTcpBufferSizes();
+    method @NonNull public java.util.List<java.net.InetAddress> getValidatedPrivateDnsServers();
+    method public boolean hasGlobalIpv6Address();
+    method public boolean hasIpv4Address();
+    method public boolean hasIpv4DefaultRoute();
+    method public boolean hasIpv4DnsServer();
+    method public boolean hasIpv6DefaultRoute();
+    method public boolean hasIpv6DnsServer();
+    method public boolean isIpv4Provisioned();
+    method public boolean isIpv6Provisioned();
+    method public boolean isProvisioned();
+    method public boolean isReachable(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress);
+    method public boolean removeDnsServer(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress);
+    method public boolean removeLinkAddress(@NonNull android.net.LinkAddress);
+    method public boolean removeRoute(@NonNull android.net.RouteInfo);
+    method public void setCaptivePortalApiUrl(@Nullable android.net.Uri);
+    method public void setCaptivePortalData(@Nullable android.net.CaptivePortalData);
+    method public void setPcscfServers(@NonNull java.util.Collection<java.net.InetAddress>);
+    method public void setPrivateDnsServerName(@Nullable String);
+    method public void setTcpBufferSizes(@Nullable String);
+    method public void setUsePrivateDns(boolean);
+    method public void setValidatedPrivateDnsServers(@NonNull java.util.Collection<java.net.InetAddress>);
+  }
+
+  public final class NattKeepalivePacketData extends android.net.KeepalivePacketData implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public NattKeepalivePacketData(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress, int, @NonNull java.net.InetAddress, int, @NonNull byte[]) throws android.net.InvalidPacketException;
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.NattKeepalivePacketData> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  public class Network implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public Network(@NonNull android.net.Network);
+    method public int getNetId();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.Network getPrivateDnsBypassingCopy();
+  }
+
+  public abstract class NetworkAgent {
+    ctor public NetworkAgent(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull android.os.Looper, @NonNull String, @NonNull android.net.NetworkCapabilities, @NonNull android.net.LinkProperties, int, @NonNull android.net.NetworkAgentConfig, @Nullable android.net.NetworkProvider);
+    ctor public NetworkAgent(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull android.os.Looper, @NonNull String, @NonNull android.net.NetworkCapabilities, @NonNull android.net.LinkProperties, @NonNull android.net.NetworkScore, @NonNull android.net.NetworkAgentConfig, @Nullable android.net.NetworkProvider);
+    method public void destroyAndAwaitReplacement(@IntRange(from=0, to=0x1388) int);
+    method @Nullable public android.net.Network getNetwork();
+    method public void markConnected();
+    method public void onAddKeepalivePacketFilter(int, @NonNull android.net.KeepalivePacketData);
+    method public void onAutomaticReconnectDisabled();
+    method public void onBandwidthUpdateRequested();
+    method public void onDscpPolicyStatusUpdated(int, int);
+    method public void onNetworkCreated();
+    method public void onNetworkDestroyed();
+    method public void onNetworkUnwanted();
+    method public void onQosCallbackRegistered(int, @NonNull android.net.QosFilter);
+    method public void onQosCallbackUnregistered(int);
+    method public void onRemoveKeepalivePacketFilter(int);
+    method public void onSaveAcceptUnvalidated(boolean);
+    method public void onSignalStrengthThresholdsUpdated(@NonNull int[]);
+    method public void onStartSocketKeepalive(int, @NonNull java.time.Duration, @NonNull android.net.KeepalivePacketData);
+    method public void onStopSocketKeepalive(int);
+    method public void onValidationStatus(int, @Nullable android.net.Uri);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.Network register();
+    method public void sendAddDscpPolicy(@NonNull android.net.DscpPolicy);
+    method public final void sendLinkProperties(@NonNull android.net.LinkProperties);
+    method public final void sendNetworkCapabilities(@NonNull android.net.NetworkCapabilities);
+    method public final void sendNetworkScore(@NonNull android.net.NetworkScore);
+    method public final void sendNetworkScore(@IntRange(from=0, to=99) int);
+    method public final void sendQosCallbackError(int, int);
+    method public final void sendQosSessionAvailable(int, int, @NonNull android.net.QosSessionAttributes);
+    method public final void sendQosSessionLost(int, int, int);
+    method public void sendRemoveAllDscpPolicies();
+    method public void sendRemoveDscpPolicy(int);
+    method public final void sendSocketKeepaliveEvent(int, int);
+    method @Deprecated public void setLegacySubtype(int, @NonNull String);
+    method public void setLingerDuration(@NonNull java.time.Duration);
+    method public void setTeardownDelayMillis(@IntRange(from=0, to=0x1388) int);
+    method public final void setUnderlyingNetworks(@Nullable java.util.List<android.net.Network>);
+    method public void unregister();
+    field public static final int VALIDATION_STATUS_NOT_VALID = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int VALIDATION_STATUS_VALID = 1; // 0x1
+  }
+
+  public final class NetworkAgentConfig implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method public int getLegacyType();
+    method @NonNull public String getLegacyTypeName();
+    method public boolean isExplicitlySelected();
+    method public boolean isPartialConnectivityAcceptable();
+    method public boolean isUnvalidatedConnectivityAcceptable();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.NetworkAgentConfig> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  public static final class NetworkAgentConfig.Builder {
+    ctor public NetworkAgentConfig.Builder();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkAgentConfig build();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkAgentConfig.Builder setExplicitlySelected(boolean);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkAgentConfig.Builder setLegacyExtraInfo(@NonNull String);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkAgentConfig.Builder setLegacySubType(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkAgentConfig.Builder setLegacySubTypeName(@NonNull String);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkAgentConfig.Builder setLegacyType(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkAgentConfig.Builder setLegacyTypeName(@NonNull String);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkAgentConfig.Builder setNat64DetectionEnabled(boolean);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkAgentConfig.Builder setPartialConnectivityAcceptable(boolean);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkAgentConfig.Builder setProvisioningNotificationEnabled(boolean);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkAgentConfig.Builder setUnvalidatedConnectivityAcceptable(boolean);
+  }
+
+  public final class NetworkCapabilities implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method @NonNull public int[] getAdministratorUids();
+    method @Nullable public static String getCapabilityCarrierName(int);
+    method @Nullable public String getSsid();
+    method @NonNull public java.util.Set<java.lang.Integer> getSubscriptionIds();
+    method @NonNull public int[] getTransportTypes();
+    method @Nullable public java.util.List<android.net.Network> getUnderlyingNetworks();
+    method public boolean isPrivateDnsBroken();
+    method public boolean satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(@Nullable android.net.NetworkCapabilities);
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_BIP = 31; // 0x1f
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED = 28; // 0x1c
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID = 22; // 0x16
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE = 26; // 0x1a
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY = 24; // 0x18
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_VEHICLE_INTERNAL = 27; // 0x1b
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_VSIM = 30; // 0x1e
+  }
+
+  public static final class NetworkCapabilities.Builder {
+    ctor public NetworkCapabilities.Builder();
+    ctor public NetworkCapabilities.Builder(@NonNull android.net.NetworkCapabilities);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder addCapability(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder addEnterpriseId(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder addTransportType(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities build();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder removeCapability(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder removeEnterpriseId(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder removeTransportType(int);
+    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY) public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder setAdministratorUids(@NonNull int[]);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder setLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder setLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder setNetworkSpecifier(@Nullable android.net.NetworkSpecifier);
+    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY) public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder setOwnerUid(int);
+    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY) public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder setRequestorPackageName(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY) public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder setRequestorUid(int);
+    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SIGNAL_STRENGTH_WAKEUP) public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder setSignalStrength(int);
+    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY) public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder setSsid(@Nullable String);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder setSubscriptionIds(@NonNull java.util.Set<java.lang.Integer>);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder setTransportInfo(@Nullable android.net.TransportInfo);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder setUnderlyingNetworks(@Nullable java.util.List<android.net.Network>);
+    method @NonNull public static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder withoutDefaultCapabilities();
+  }
+
+  public class NetworkProvider {
+    ctor public NetworkProvider(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull android.os.Looper, @NonNull String);
+    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY) public void declareNetworkRequestUnfulfillable(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest);
+    method public int getProviderId();
+    method public void onNetworkRequestWithdrawn(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest);
+    method public void onNetworkRequested(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest, @IntRange(from=0, to=99) int, int);
+    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY) public void registerNetworkOffer(@NonNull android.net.NetworkScore, @NonNull android.net.NetworkCapabilities, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.NetworkProvider.NetworkOfferCallback);
+    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY) public void unregisterNetworkOffer(@NonNull android.net.NetworkProvider.NetworkOfferCallback);
+    field public static final int ID_NONE = -1; // 0xffffffff
+  }
+
+  public static interface NetworkProvider.NetworkOfferCallback {
+    method public void onNetworkNeeded(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest);
+    method public void onNetworkUnneeded(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest);
+  }
+
+  public class NetworkReleasedException extends java.lang.Exception {
+    ctor public NetworkReleasedException();
+  }
+
+  public class NetworkRequest implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method @Nullable public String getRequestorPackageName();
+    method public int getRequestorUid();
+  }
+
+  public static class NetworkRequest.Builder {
+    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SIGNAL_STRENGTH_WAKEUP) public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder setSignalStrength(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder setSubscriptionIds(@NonNull java.util.Set<java.lang.Integer>);
+  }
+
+  public final class NetworkScore implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method public int getKeepConnectedReason();
+    method public int getLegacyInt();
+    method public boolean isExiting();
+    method public boolean isTransportPrimary();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.NetworkScore> CREATOR;
+    field public static final int KEEP_CONNECTED_FOR_HANDOVER = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int KEEP_CONNECTED_NONE = 0; // 0x0
+  }
+
+  public static final class NetworkScore.Builder {
+    ctor public NetworkScore.Builder();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkScore build();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkScore.Builder setExiting(boolean);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkScore.Builder setKeepConnectedReason(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkScore.Builder setLegacyInt(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkScore.Builder setTransportPrimary(boolean);
+  }
+
+  public final class OemNetworkPreferences implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method @NonNull public java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Integer> getNetworkPreferences();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.OemNetworkPreferences> CREATOR;
+    field public static final int OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID_NO_FALLBACK = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID_ONLY = 3; // 0x3
+    field public static final int OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PRIVATE_ONLY = 4; // 0x4
+    field public static final int OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_UNINITIALIZED = 0; // 0x0
+  }
+
+  public static final class OemNetworkPreferences.Builder {
+    ctor public OemNetworkPreferences.Builder();
+    ctor public OemNetworkPreferences.Builder(@NonNull android.net.OemNetworkPreferences);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.OemNetworkPreferences.Builder addNetworkPreference(@NonNull String, int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.OemNetworkPreferences build();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.OemNetworkPreferences.Builder clearNetworkPreference(@NonNull String);
+  }
+
+  public abstract class QosCallback {
+    ctor public QosCallback();
+    method public void onError(@NonNull android.net.QosCallbackException);
+    method public void onQosSessionAvailable(@NonNull android.net.QosSession, @NonNull android.net.QosSessionAttributes);
+    method public void onQosSessionLost(@NonNull android.net.QosSession);
+  }
+
+  public static class QosCallback.QosCallbackRegistrationException extends java.lang.RuntimeException {
+  }
+
+  public final class QosCallbackException extends java.lang.Exception {
+    ctor public QosCallbackException(@NonNull String);
+    ctor public QosCallbackException(@NonNull Throwable);
+  }
+
+  public abstract class QosFilter {
+    method @NonNull public abstract android.net.Network getNetwork();
+    method public abstract boolean matchesLocalAddress(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress, int, int);
+    method public abstract boolean matchesRemoteAddress(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress, int, int);
+  }
+
+  public final class QosSession implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public QosSession(int, int);
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method public int getSessionId();
+    method public int getSessionType();
+    method public long getUniqueId();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.QosSession> CREATOR;
+    field public static final int TYPE_EPS_BEARER = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int TYPE_NR_BEARER = 2; // 0x2
+  }
+
+  public interface QosSessionAttributes {
+  }
+
+  public final class QosSocketInfo implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public QosSocketInfo(@NonNull android.net.Network, @NonNull java.net.Socket) throws java.io.IOException;
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method @NonNull public java.net.InetSocketAddress getLocalSocketAddress();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.Network getNetwork();
+    method @Nullable public java.net.InetSocketAddress getRemoteSocketAddress();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.QosSocketInfo> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  public final class RouteInfo implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public RouteInfo(@Nullable android.net.IpPrefix, @Nullable java.net.InetAddress, @Nullable String, int);
+    ctor public RouteInfo(@Nullable android.net.IpPrefix, @Nullable java.net.InetAddress, @Nullable String, int, int);
+    method public int getMtu();
+  }
+
+  public abstract class SocketKeepalive implements java.lang.AutoCloseable {
+    field public static final int ERROR_NO_SUCH_SLOT = -33; // 0xffffffdf
+    field public static final int SUCCESS = 0; // 0x0
+  }
+
+  public class SocketLocalAddressChangedException extends java.lang.Exception {
+    ctor public SocketLocalAddressChangedException();
+  }
+
+  public class SocketNotBoundException extends java.lang.Exception {
+    ctor public SocketNotBoundException();
+  }
+
+  public final class StaticIpConfiguration implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public StaticIpConfiguration();
+    ctor public StaticIpConfiguration(@Nullable android.net.StaticIpConfiguration);
+    method public void addDnsServer(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress);
+    method public void clear();
+    method @NonNull public java.util.List<android.net.RouteInfo> getRoutes(@Nullable String);
+  }
+
+  public final class TcpKeepalivePacketData extends android.net.KeepalivePacketData implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public TcpKeepalivePacketData(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress, int, @NonNull java.net.InetAddress, int, @NonNull byte[], int, int, int, int, int, int) throws android.net.InvalidPacketException;
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method public int getIpTos();
+    method public int getIpTtl();
+    method public int getTcpAck();
+    method public int getTcpSeq();
+    method public int getTcpWindow();
+    method public int getTcpWindowScale();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.TcpKeepalivePacketData> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+}
+
+package android.net.apf {
+
+  public final class ApfCapabilities implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public ApfCapabilities(int, int, int);
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method public static boolean getApfDrop8023Frames();
+    method @NonNull public static int[] getApfEtherTypeBlackList();
+    method public boolean hasDataAccess();
+    method public void writeToParcel(android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.apf.ApfCapabilities> CREATOR;
+    field public final int apfPacketFormat;
+    field public final int apfVersionSupported;
+    field public final int maximumApfProgramSize;
+  }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/framework/api/system-lint-baseline.txt b/framework/api/system-lint-baseline.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a97707
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/api/system-lint-baseline.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+// Baseline format: 1.0
diff --git a/framework/api/system-removed.txt b/framework/api/system-removed.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d802177
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/api/system-removed.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+// Signature format: 2.0
diff --git a/framework/jni/android_net_NetworkUtils.cpp b/framework/jni/android_net_NetworkUtils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7478b3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/jni/android_net_NetworkUtils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2020, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "NetworkUtils"
+
+#include <android/file_descriptor_jni.h>
+#include <android/multinetwork.h>
+#include <linux/filter.h>
+#include <linux/tcp.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include <DnsProxydProtocol.h> // NETID_USE_LOCAL_NAMESERVERS
+#include <nativehelper/JNIPlatformHelp.h>
+#include <utils/Log.h>
+
+#include "jni.h"
+
+#define NETUTILS_PKG_NAME "android/net/NetworkUtils"
+
+namespace android {
+
+constexpr int MAXPACKETSIZE = 8 * 1024;
+// FrameworkListener limits the size of commands to 4096 bytes.
+constexpr int MAXCMDSIZE = 4096;
+
+static volatile jclass class_Network = 0;
+static volatile jmethodID method_fromNetworkHandle = 0;
+
+static inline jclass FindClassOrDie(JNIEnv* env, const char* class_name) {
+    jclass clazz = env->FindClass(class_name);
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(clazz == NULL, "Unable to find class %s", class_name);
+    return clazz;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+static inline T MakeGlobalRefOrDie(JNIEnv* env, T in) {
+    jobject res = env->NewGlobalRef(in);
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(res == NULL, "Unable to create global reference.");
+    return static_cast<T>(res);
+}
+
+static void android_net_utils_attachDropAllBPFFilter(JNIEnv *env, jobject clazz, jobject javaFd)
+{
+    struct sock_filter filter_code[] = {
+        // Reject all.
+        BPF_STMT(BPF_RET | BPF_K, 0)
+    };
+    struct sock_fprog filter = {
+        sizeof(filter_code) / sizeof(filter_code[0]),
+        filter_code,
+    };
+
+    int fd = AFileDescriptor_getFd(env, javaFd);
+    if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ATTACH_FILTER, &filter, sizeof(filter)) != 0) {
+        jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/net/SocketException",
+                "setsockopt(SO_ATTACH_FILTER): %s", strerror(errno));
+    }
+}
+
+static void android_net_utils_detachBPFFilter(JNIEnv *env, jobject clazz, jobject javaFd)
+{
+    int optval_ignored = 0;
+    int fd = AFileDescriptor_getFd(env, javaFd);
+    if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DETACH_FILTER, &optval_ignored, sizeof(optval_ignored)) !=
+        0) {
+        jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/net/SocketException",
+                "setsockopt(SO_DETACH_FILTER): %s", strerror(errno));
+    }
+}
+
+static jboolean android_net_utils_bindProcessToNetworkHandle(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz,
+        jlong netHandle)
+{
+    return (jboolean) !android_setprocnetwork(netHandle);
+}
+
+static jlong android_net_utils_getBoundNetworkHandleForProcess(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz)
+{
+    net_handle_t network;
+    if (android_getprocnetwork(&network) != 0) {
+        jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/lang/IllegalStateException",
+                "android_getprocnetwork(): %s", strerror(errno));
+        return NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED;
+    }
+    return (jlong) network;
+}
+
+static jboolean android_net_utils_bindProcessToNetworkForHostResolution(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz,
+        jint netId, jlong netHandle)
+{
+    return (jboolean) !android_setprocdns(netHandle);
+}
+
+static jint android_net_utils_bindSocketToNetworkHandle(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz, jobject javaFd,
+                                                  jlong netHandle) {
+    return android_setsocknetwork(netHandle, AFileDescriptor_getFd(env, javaFd));
+}
+
+static bool checkLenAndCopy(JNIEnv* env, const jbyteArray& addr, int len, void* dst)
+{
+    if (env->GetArrayLength(addr) != len) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    env->GetByteArrayRegion(addr, 0, len, reinterpret_cast<jbyte*>(dst));
+    return true;
+}
+
+static jobject android_net_utils_resNetworkQuery(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz, jlong netHandle,
+        jstring dname, jint ns_class, jint ns_type, jint flags) {
+    const jsize javaCharsCount = env->GetStringLength(dname);
+    const jsize byteCountUTF8 = env->GetStringUTFLength(dname);
+
+    // Only allow dname which could be simply formatted to UTF8.
+    // In native layer, res_mkquery would re-format the input char array to packet.
+    char queryname[byteCountUTF8 + 1];
+    memset(queryname, 0, (byteCountUTF8 + 1) * sizeof(char));
+
+    env->GetStringUTFRegion(dname, 0, javaCharsCount, queryname);
+    int fd = android_res_nquery(netHandle, queryname, ns_class, ns_type, flags);
+
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        jniThrowErrnoException(env, "resNetworkQuery", -fd);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    return jniCreateFileDescriptor(env, fd);
+}
+
+static jobject android_net_utils_resNetworkSend(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz, jlong netHandle,
+        jbyteArray msg, jint msgLen, jint flags) {
+    uint8_t data[MAXCMDSIZE];
+
+    checkLenAndCopy(env, msg, msgLen, data);
+    int fd = android_res_nsend(netHandle, data, msgLen, flags);
+
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        jniThrowErrnoException(env, "resNetworkSend", -fd);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    return jniCreateFileDescriptor(env, fd);
+}
+
+static jobject android_net_utils_resNetworkResult(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz, jobject javaFd) {
+    int fd = AFileDescriptor_getFd(env, javaFd);
+    int rcode;
+    uint8_t buf[MAXPACKETSIZE] = {0};
+
+    int res = android_res_nresult(fd, &rcode, buf, MAXPACKETSIZE);
+    jniSetFileDescriptorOfFD(env, javaFd, -1);
+    if (res < 0) {
+        jniThrowErrnoException(env, "resNetworkResult", -res);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    jbyteArray answer = env->NewByteArray(res);
+    if (answer == nullptr) {
+        jniThrowErrnoException(env, "resNetworkResult", ENOMEM);
+        return nullptr;
+    } else {
+        env->SetByteArrayRegion(answer, 0, res, reinterpret_cast<jbyte*>(buf));
+    }
+
+    jclass class_DnsResponse = env->FindClass("android/net/DnsResolver$DnsResponse");
+    jmethodID ctor = env->GetMethodID(class_DnsResponse, "<init>", "([BI)V");
+
+    return env->NewObject(class_DnsResponse, ctor, answer, rcode);
+}
+
+static void android_net_utils_resNetworkCancel(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz, jobject javaFd) {
+    int fd = AFileDescriptor_getFd(env, javaFd);
+    android_res_cancel(fd);
+    jniSetFileDescriptorOfFD(env, javaFd, -1);
+}
+
+static jobject android_net_utils_getDnsNetwork(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz) {
+    net_handle_t dnsNetHandle = NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED;
+    if (int res = android_getprocdns(&dnsNetHandle) < 0) {
+        jniThrowErrnoException(env, "getDnsNetwork", -res);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    if (method_fromNetworkHandle == 0) {
+        // This may be called multiple times concurrently but that is fine
+        class_Network = MakeGlobalRefOrDie(env, FindClassOrDie(env, "android/net/Network"));
+        method_fromNetworkHandle = env->GetStaticMethodID(class_Network, "fromNetworkHandle",
+                "(J)Landroid/net/Network;");
+    }
+    return env->CallStaticObjectMethod(class_Network, method_fromNetworkHandle,
+            static_cast<jlong>(dnsNetHandle));
+}
+
+static jobject android_net_utils_getTcpRepairWindow(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz, jobject javaFd) {
+    if (javaFd == NULL) {
+        jniThrowNullPointerException(env, NULL);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    int fd = AFileDescriptor_getFd(env, javaFd);
+    struct tcp_repair_window trw = {};
+    socklen_t size = sizeof(trw);
+
+    // Obtain the parameters of the TCP repair window.
+    int rc = getsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_REPAIR_WINDOW, &trw, &size);
+    if (rc == -1) {
+        jniThrowErrnoException(env, "getsockopt : TCP_REPAIR_WINDOW", errno);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    struct tcp_info tcpinfo = {};
+    socklen_t tcpinfo_size = sizeof(tcp_info);
+
+    // Obtain the window scale from the tcp info structure. This contains a scale factor that
+    // should be applied to the window size.
+    rc = getsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_INFO, &tcpinfo, &tcpinfo_size);
+    if (rc == -1) {
+        jniThrowErrnoException(env, "getsockopt : TCP_INFO", errno);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    jclass class_TcpRepairWindow = env->FindClass("android/net/TcpRepairWindow");
+    jmethodID ctor = env->GetMethodID(class_TcpRepairWindow, "<init>", "(IIIIII)V");
+
+    return env->NewObject(class_TcpRepairWindow, ctor, trw.snd_wl1, trw.snd_wnd, trw.max_window,
+            trw.rcv_wnd, trw.rcv_wup, tcpinfo.tcpi_rcv_wscale);
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/*
+ * JNI registration.
+ */
+// clang-format off
+static const JNINativeMethod gNetworkUtilMethods[] = {
+    /* name, signature, funcPtr */
+    { "bindProcessToNetworkHandle", "(J)Z", (void*) android_net_utils_bindProcessToNetworkHandle },
+    { "getBoundNetworkHandleForProcess", "()J", (void*) android_net_utils_getBoundNetworkHandleForProcess },
+    { "bindProcessToNetworkForHostResolution", "(I)Z", (void*) android_net_utils_bindProcessToNetworkForHostResolution },
+    { "bindSocketToNetworkHandle", "(Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;J)I", (void*) android_net_utils_bindSocketToNetworkHandle },
+    { "attachDropAllBPFFilter", "(Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;)V", (void*) android_net_utils_attachDropAllBPFFilter },
+    { "detachBPFFilter", "(Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;)V", (void*) android_net_utils_detachBPFFilter },
+    { "getTcpRepairWindow", "(Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;)Landroid/net/TcpRepairWindow;", (void*) android_net_utils_getTcpRepairWindow },
+    { "resNetworkSend", "(J[BII)Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;", (void*) android_net_utils_resNetworkSend },
+    { "resNetworkQuery", "(JLjava/lang/String;III)Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;", (void*) android_net_utils_resNetworkQuery },
+    { "resNetworkResult", "(Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;)Landroid/net/DnsResolver$DnsResponse;", (void*) android_net_utils_resNetworkResult },
+    { "resNetworkCancel", "(Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;)V", (void*) android_net_utils_resNetworkCancel },
+    { "getDnsNetwork", "()Landroid/net/Network;", (void*) android_net_utils_getDnsNetwork },
+};
+// clang-format on
+
+int register_android_net_NetworkUtils(JNIEnv* env)
+{
+    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, NETUTILS_PKG_NAME, gNetworkUtilMethods,
+                                    NELEM(gNetworkUtilMethods));
+}
+
+}; // namespace android
diff --git a/framework/jni/onload.cpp b/framework/jni/onload.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..435f434
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/jni/onload.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <nativehelper/JNIHelp.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+int register_android_net_NetworkUtils(JNIEnv* env);
+
+extern "C" jint JNI_OnLoad(JavaVM* vm, void*) {
+    JNIEnv *env;
+    if (vm->GetEnv(reinterpret_cast<void**>(&env), JNI_VERSION_1_6) != JNI_OK) {
+        ALOGE("GetEnv failed");
+        return JNI_ERR;
+    }
+
+    if (register_android_net_NetworkUtils(env) < 0) {
+        return JNI_ERR;
+    }
+
+    return JNI_VERSION_1_6;
+}
+
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/framework/proto/netstats.proto b/framework/proto/netstats.proto
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c9f73c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/proto/netstats.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+package android.service;
+
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+option java_outer_classname = "NetworkStatsServiceProto";
+
+// Represents dumpsys from NetworkStatsService (netstats).
+message NetworkStatsServiceDumpProto {
+  repeated NetworkInterfaceProto active_interfaces = 1;
+
+  repeated NetworkInterfaceProto active_uid_interfaces = 2;
+
+  // Device level network stats, which may include non-IP layer traffic.
+  optional NetworkStatsRecorderProto dev_stats = 3;
+
+  // IP-layer traffic stats.
+  optional NetworkStatsRecorderProto xt_stats = 4;
+
+  // Per-UID network stats.
+  optional NetworkStatsRecorderProto uid_stats = 5;
+
+  // Per-UID, per-tag network stats, excluding the default tag (i.e. tag=0).
+  optional NetworkStatsRecorderProto uid_tag_stats = 6;
+}
+
+// Corresponds to NetworkStatsService.mActiveIfaces/mActiveUidIfaces.
+message NetworkInterfaceProto {
+  // Name of the network interface (eg: wlan).
+  optional string interface = 1;
+
+  optional NetworkIdentitySetProto identities = 2;
+}
+
+// Corresponds to NetworkIdentitySet.
+message NetworkIdentitySetProto {
+  repeated NetworkIdentityProto identities = 1;
+}
+
+// Corresponds to NetworkIdentity.
+message NetworkIdentityProto {
+  // Constants from ConnectivityManager.TYPE_*.
+  optional int32 type = 1;
+
+  optional bool roaming = 4;
+
+  optional bool metered = 5;
+
+  optional bool default_network = 6;
+
+  optional int32 oem_managed_network = 7;
+}
+
+// Corresponds to NetworkStatsRecorder.
+message NetworkStatsRecorderProto {
+  optional int64 pending_total_bytes = 1;
+
+  optional NetworkStatsCollectionProto complete_history = 2;
+}
+
+// Corresponds to NetworkStatsCollection.
+message NetworkStatsCollectionProto {
+  repeated NetworkStatsCollectionStatsProto stats = 1;
+}
+
+// Corresponds to NetworkStatsCollection.mStats.
+message NetworkStatsCollectionStatsProto {
+  optional NetworkStatsCollectionKeyProto key = 1;
+
+  optional NetworkStatsHistoryProto history = 2;
+}
+
+// Corresponds to NetworkStatsCollection.Key.
+message NetworkStatsCollectionKeyProto {
+  optional NetworkIdentitySetProto identity = 1;
+
+  optional int32 uid = 2;
+
+  optional int32 set = 3;
+
+  optional int32 tag = 4;
+}
+
+// Corresponds to NetworkStatsHistory.
+message NetworkStatsHistoryProto {
+  // Duration for this bucket in milliseconds.
+  optional int64 bucket_duration_ms = 1;
+
+  repeated NetworkStatsHistoryBucketProto buckets = 2;
+}
+
+// Corresponds to each bucket in NetworkStatsHistory.
+message NetworkStatsHistoryBucketProto {
+  // Bucket start time in milliseconds since epoch.
+  optional int64 bucket_start_ms = 1;
+
+  optional int64 rx_bytes = 2;
+
+  optional int64 rx_packets = 3;
+
+  optional int64 tx_bytes = 4;
+
+  optional int64 tx_packets = 5;
+
+  optional int64 operations = 6;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/CaptivePortal.java b/framework/src/android/net/CaptivePortal.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a7b601
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/CaptivePortal.java
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed urnder the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.RequiresPermission;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+
+/**
+ * A class allowing apps handling the {@link ConnectivityManager#ACTION_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_SIGN_IN}
+ * activity to indicate to the system different outcomes of captive portal sign in.  This class is
+ * passed as an extra named {@link ConnectivityManager#EXTRA_CAPTIVE_PORTAL} with the
+ * {@code ACTION_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_SIGN_IN} activity.
+ */
+public class CaptivePortal implements Parcelable {
+    /**
+     * Response code from the captive portal application, indicating that the portal was dismissed
+     * and the network should be re-validated.
+     * @see ICaptivePortal#appResponse(int)
+     * @see android.net.INetworkMonitor#notifyCaptivePortalAppFinished(int)
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static final int APP_RETURN_DISMISSED    = 0;
+    /**
+     * Response code from the captive portal application, indicating that the user did not login and
+     * does not want to use the captive portal network.
+     * @see ICaptivePortal#appResponse(int)
+     * @see android.net.INetworkMonitor#notifyCaptivePortalAppFinished(int)
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static final int APP_RETURN_UNWANTED     = 1;
+    /**
+     * Response code from the captive portal application, indicating that the user does not wish to
+     * login but wants to use the captive portal network as-is.
+     * @see ICaptivePortal#appResponse(int)
+     * @see android.net.INetworkMonitor#notifyCaptivePortalAppFinished(int)
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static final int APP_RETURN_WANTED_AS_IS = 2;
+    /** Event offset of request codes from captive portal application. */
+    private static final int APP_REQUEST_BASE = 100;
+    /**
+     * Request code from the captive portal application, indicating that the network condition may
+     * have changed and the network should be re-validated.
+     * @see ICaptivePortal#appRequest(int)
+     * @see android.net.INetworkMonitor#forceReevaluation(int)
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static final int APP_REQUEST_REEVALUATION_REQUIRED = APP_REQUEST_BASE + 0;
+
+    private final IBinder mBinder;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public CaptivePortal(@NonNull IBinder binder) {
+        mBinder = binder;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(Parcel out, int flags) {
+        out.writeStrongBinder(mBinder);
+    }
+
+    public static final @android.annotation.NonNull Parcelable.Creator<CaptivePortal> CREATOR
+            = new Parcelable.Creator<CaptivePortal>() {
+        @Override
+        public CaptivePortal createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+            return new CaptivePortal(in.readStrongBinder());
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public CaptivePortal[] newArray(int size) {
+            return new CaptivePortal[size];
+        }
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Indicate to the system that the captive portal has been
+     * dismissed.  In response the framework will re-evaluate the network's
+     * connectivity and might take further action thereafter.
+     */
+    public void reportCaptivePortalDismissed() {
+        try {
+            ICaptivePortal.Stub.asInterface(mBinder).appResponse(APP_RETURN_DISMISSED);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicate to the system that the user does not want to pursue signing in to the
+     * captive portal and the system should continue to prefer other networks
+     * without captive portals for use as the default active data network.  The
+     * system will not retest the network for a captive portal so as to avoid
+     * disturbing the user with further sign in to network notifications.
+     */
+    public void ignoreNetwork() {
+        try {
+            ICaptivePortal.Stub.asInterface(mBinder).appResponse(APP_RETURN_UNWANTED);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicate to the system the user wants to use this network as is, even though
+     * the captive portal is still in place.  The system will treat the network
+     * as if it did not have a captive portal when selecting the network to use
+     * as the default active data network. This may result in this network
+     * becoming the default active data network, which could disrupt network
+     * connectivity for apps because the captive portal is still in place.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public void useNetwork() {
+        try {
+            ICaptivePortal.Stub.asInterface(mBinder).appResponse(APP_RETURN_WANTED_AS_IS);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Request that the system reevaluates the captive portal status.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK)
+    public void reevaluateNetwork() {
+        try {
+            ICaptivePortal.Stub.asInterface(mBinder).appRequest(APP_REQUEST_REEVALUATION_REQUIRED);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Log a captive portal login event.
+     * @param eventId one of the CAPTIVE_PORTAL_LOGIN_* constants in metrics_constants.proto.
+     * @param packageName captive portal application package name.
+     * @hide
+     * @deprecated The event will not be logged in Android S and above. The
+     * caller is migrating to statsd.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    @SystemApi
+    public void logEvent(int eventId, @NonNull String packageName) {
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/CaptivePortalData.java b/framework/src/android/net/CaptivePortalData.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..53aa1b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/CaptivePortalData.java
@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.IntDef;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Metadata sent by captive portals, see https://www.ietf.org/id/draft-ietf-capport-api-03.txt.
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi
+public final class CaptivePortalData implements Parcelable {
+    private final long mRefreshTimeMillis;
+    @Nullable
+    private final Uri mUserPortalUrl;
+    @Nullable
+    private final Uri mVenueInfoUrl;
+    private final boolean mIsSessionExtendable;
+    private final long mByteLimit;
+    private final long mExpiryTimeMillis;
+    private final boolean mCaptive;
+    private final String mVenueFriendlyName;
+    private final int mVenueInfoUrlSource;
+    private final int mUserPortalUrlSource;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(prefix = {"CAPTIVE_PORTAL_DATA_SOURCE_"}, value = {
+            CAPTIVE_PORTAL_DATA_SOURCE_OTHER,
+            CAPTIVE_PORTAL_DATA_SOURCE_PASSPOINT})
+    public @interface CaptivePortalDataSource {}
+
+    /**
+     * Source of information: Other (default)
+     */
+    public static final int CAPTIVE_PORTAL_DATA_SOURCE_OTHER = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Source of information: Wi-Fi Passpoint
+     */
+    public static final int CAPTIVE_PORTAL_DATA_SOURCE_PASSPOINT = 1;
+
+    private CaptivePortalData(long refreshTimeMillis, Uri userPortalUrl, Uri venueInfoUrl,
+            boolean isSessionExtendable, long byteLimit, long expiryTimeMillis, boolean captive,
+            CharSequence venueFriendlyName, int venueInfoUrlSource, int userPortalUrlSource) {
+        mRefreshTimeMillis = refreshTimeMillis;
+        mUserPortalUrl = userPortalUrl;
+        mVenueInfoUrl = venueInfoUrl;
+        mIsSessionExtendable = isSessionExtendable;
+        mByteLimit = byteLimit;
+        mExpiryTimeMillis = expiryTimeMillis;
+        mCaptive = captive;
+        mVenueFriendlyName = venueFriendlyName == null ? null : venueFriendlyName.toString();
+        mVenueInfoUrlSource = venueInfoUrlSource;
+        mUserPortalUrlSource = userPortalUrlSource;
+    }
+
+    private CaptivePortalData(Parcel p) {
+        this(p.readLong(), p.readParcelable(null), p.readParcelable(null), p.readBoolean(),
+                p.readLong(), p.readLong(), p.readBoolean(), p.readString(), p.readInt(),
+                p.readInt());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(@NonNull Parcel dest, int flags) {
+        dest.writeLong(mRefreshTimeMillis);
+        dest.writeParcelable(mUserPortalUrl, 0);
+        dest.writeParcelable(mVenueInfoUrl, 0);
+        dest.writeBoolean(mIsSessionExtendable);
+        dest.writeLong(mByteLimit);
+        dest.writeLong(mExpiryTimeMillis);
+        dest.writeBoolean(mCaptive);
+        dest.writeString(mVenueFriendlyName);
+        dest.writeInt(mVenueInfoUrlSource);
+        dest.writeInt(mUserPortalUrlSource);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A builder to create new {@link CaptivePortalData}.
+     */
+    public static class Builder {
+        private long mRefreshTime;
+        private Uri mUserPortalUrl;
+        private Uri mVenueInfoUrl;
+        private boolean mIsSessionExtendable;
+        private long mBytesRemaining = -1;
+        private long mExpiryTime = -1;
+        private boolean mCaptive;
+        private CharSequence mVenueFriendlyName;
+        private @CaptivePortalDataSource int mVenueInfoUrlSource = CAPTIVE_PORTAL_DATA_SOURCE_OTHER;
+        private @CaptivePortalDataSource int mUserPortalUrlSource =
+                CAPTIVE_PORTAL_DATA_SOURCE_OTHER;
+
+        /**
+         * Create an empty builder.
+         */
+        public Builder() {}
+
+        /**
+         * Create a builder copying all data from existing {@link CaptivePortalData}.
+         */
+        public Builder(@Nullable CaptivePortalData data) {
+            if (data == null) return;
+            setRefreshTime(data.mRefreshTimeMillis)
+                    .setUserPortalUrl(data.mUserPortalUrl, data.mUserPortalUrlSource)
+                    .setVenueInfoUrl(data.mVenueInfoUrl, data.mVenueInfoUrlSource)
+                    .setSessionExtendable(data.mIsSessionExtendable)
+                    .setBytesRemaining(data.mByteLimit)
+                    .setExpiryTime(data.mExpiryTimeMillis)
+                    .setCaptive(data.mCaptive)
+                    .setVenueFriendlyName(data.mVenueFriendlyName);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the time at which data was last refreshed, as per {@link System#currentTimeMillis()}.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setRefreshTime(long refreshTime) {
+            mRefreshTime = refreshTime;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the URL to be used for users to login to the portal, if captive.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setUserPortalUrl(@Nullable Uri userPortalUrl) {
+            return setUserPortalUrl(userPortalUrl, CAPTIVE_PORTAL_DATA_SOURCE_OTHER);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the URL to be used for users to login to the portal, if captive, and the source of
+         * the data, see {@link CaptivePortalDataSource}
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setUserPortalUrl(@Nullable Uri userPortalUrl,
+                @CaptivePortalDataSource int source) {
+            mUserPortalUrl = userPortalUrl;
+            mUserPortalUrlSource = source;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the URL that can be used by users to view information about the network venue.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setVenueInfoUrl(@Nullable Uri venueInfoUrl) {
+            return setVenueInfoUrl(venueInfoUrl, CAPTIVE_PORTAL_DATA_SOURCE_OTHER);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the URL that can be used by users to view information about the network venue, and
+         * the source of the data, see {@link CaptivePortalDataSource}
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setVenueInfoUrl(@Nullable Uri venueInfoUrl,
+                @CaptivePortalDataSource int source) {
+            mVenueInfoUrl = venueInfoUrl;
+            mVenueInfoUrlSource = source;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set whether the portal supports extending a user session on the portal URL page.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setSessionExtendable(boolean sessionExtendable) {
+            mIsSessionExtendable = sessionExtendable;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the number of bytes remaining on the network before the portal closes.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setBytesRemaining(long bytesRemaining) {
+            mBytesRemaining = bytesRemaining;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the time at the session will expire, as per {@link System#currentTimeMillis()}.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setExpiryTime(long expiryTime) {
+            mExpiryTime = expiryTime;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set whether the network is captive (portal closed).
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setCaptive(boolean captive) {
+            mCaptive = captive;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the venue friendly name.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setVenueFriendlyName(@Nullable CharSequence venueFriendlyName) {
+            mVenueFriendlyName = venueFriendlyName;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Create a new {@link CaptivePortalData}.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public CaptivePortalData build() {
+            return new CaptivePortalData(mRefreshTime, mUserPortalUrl, mVenueInfoUrl,
+                    mIsSessionExtendable, mBytesRemaining, mExpiryTime, mCaptive,
+                    mVenueFriendlyName, mVenueInfoUrlSource,
+                    mUserPortalUrlSource);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the time at which data was last refreshed, as per {@link System#currentTimeMillis()}.
+     */
+    public long getRefreshTimeMillis() {
+        return mRefreshTimeMillis;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the URL to be used for users to login to the portal, or extend their session if
+     * {@link #isSessionExtendable()} is true.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public Uri getUserPortalUrl() {
+        return mUserPortalUrl;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the URL that can be used by users to view information about the network venue.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public Uri getVenueInfoUrl() {
+        return mVenueInfoUrl;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates whether the user portal URL can be used to extend sessions, when the user is logged
+     * in and the session has a time or byte limit.
+     */
+    public boolean isSessionExtendable() {
+        return mIsSessionExtendable;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the remaining bytes on the captive portal session, at the time {@link CaptivePortalData}
+     * was refreshed. This may be different from the limit currently enforced by the portal.
+     * @return The byte limit, or -1 if not set.
+     */
+    public long getByteLimit() {
+        return mByteLimit;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the time at the session will expire, as per {@link System#currentTimeMillis()}.
+     * @return The expiry time, or -1 if unset.
+     */
+    public long getExpiryTimeMillis() {
+        return mExpiryTimeMillis;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get whether the network is captive (portal closed).
+     */
+    public boolean isCaptive() {
+        return mCaptive;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the information source of the Venue URL
+     * @return The source that the Venue URL was obtained from
+     */
+    public @CaptivePortalDataSource int getVenueInfoUrlSource() {
+        return mVenueInfoUrlSource;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the information source of the user portal URL
+     * @return The source that the user portal URL was obtained from
+     */
+    public @CaptivePortalDataSource int getUserPortalUrlSource() {
+        return mUserPortalUrlSource;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the venue friendly name
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public CharSequence getVenueFriendlyName() {
+        return mVenueFriendlyName;
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    public static final Creator<CaptivePortalData> CREATOR = new Creator<CaptivePortalData>() {
+        @Override
+        public CaptivePortalData createFromParcel(Parcel source) {
+            return new CaptivePortalData(source);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public CaptivePortalData[] newArray(int size) {
+            return new CaptivePortalData[size];
+        }
+    };
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hash(mRefreshTimeMillis, mUserPortalUrl, mVenueInfoUrl,
+                mIsSessionExtendable, mByteLimit, mExpiryTimeMillis, mCaptive, mVenueFriendlyName,
+                mVenueInfoUrlSource, mUserPortalUrlSource);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
+        if (!(obj instanceof CaptivePortalData)) return false;
+        final CaptivePortalData other = (CaptivePortalData) obj;
+        return mRefreshTimeMillis == other.mRefreshTimeMillis
+                && Objects.equals(mUserPortalUrl, other.mUserPortalUrl)
+                && Objects.equals(mVenueInfoUrl, other.mVenueInfoUrl)
+                && mIsSessionExtendable == other.mIsSessionExtendable
+                && mByteLimit == other.mByteLimit
+                && mExpiryTimeMillis == other.mExpiryTimeMillis
+                && mCaptive == other.mCaptive
+                && Objects.equals(mVenueFriendlyName, other.mVenueFriendlyName)
+                && mVenueInfoUrlSource == other.mVenueInfoUrlSource
+                && mUserPortalUrlSource == other.mUserPortalUrlSource;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "CaptivePortalData {"
+                + "refreshTime: " + mRefreshTimeMillis
+                + ", userPortalUrl: " + mUserPortalUrl
+                + ", venueInfoUrl: " + mVenueInfoUrl
+                + ", isSessionExtendable: " + mIsSessionExtendable
+                + ", byteLimit: " + mByteLimit
+                + ", expiryTime: " + mExpiryTimeMillis
+                + ", captive: " + mCaptive
+                + ", venueFriendlyName: " + mVenueFriendlyName
+                + ", venueInfoUrlSource: " + mVenueInfoUrlSource
+                + ", userPortalUrlSource: " + mUserPortalUrlSource
+                + "}";
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectionInfo.aidl b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectionInfo.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07faf8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectionInfo.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/*
+**
+** Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+**
+** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+** You may obtain a copy of the License at
+**
+**     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+**
+** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+** limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package android.net;
+
+parcelable ConnectionInfo;
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectionInfo.java b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectionInfo.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4514a84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectionInfo.java
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+
+/**
+ * Describe a network connection including local and remote address/port of a connection and the
+ * transport protocol.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public final class ConnectionInfo implements Parcelable {
+    public final int protocol;
+    public final InetSocketAddress local;
+    public final InetSocketAddress remote;
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    public ConnectionInfo(int protocol, InetSocketAddress local, InetSocketAddress remote) {
+        this.protocol = protocol;
+        this.local = local;
+        this.remote = remote;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(Parcel out, int flags) {
+        out.writeInt(protocol);
+        out.writeByteArray(local.getAddress().getAddress());
+        out.writeInt(local.getPort());
+        out.writeByteArray(remote.getAddress().getAddress());
+        out.writeInt(remote.getPort());
+    }
+
+    public static final @android.annotation.NonNull Creator<ConnectionInfo> CREATOR = new Creator<ConnectionInfo>() {
+        public ConnectionInfo createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+            int protocol = in.readInt();
+            InetAddress localAddress;
+            try {
+                localAddress = InetAddress.getByAddress(in.createByteArray());
+            } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid InetAddress");
+            }
+            int localPort = in.readInt();
+            InetAddress remoteAddress;
+            try {
+                remoteAddress = InetAddress.getByAddress(in.createByteArray());
+            } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid InetAddress");
+            }
+            int remotePort = in.readInt();
+            InetSocketAddress local = new InetSocketAddress(localAddress, localPort);
+            InetSocketAddress remote = new InetSocketAddress(remoteAddress, remotePort);
+            return new ConnectionInfo(protocol, local, remote);
+        }
+
+        public ConnectionInfo[] newArray(int size) {
+            return new ConnectionInfo[size];
+        }
+    };
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.java b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dcc8a5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.java
@@ -0,0 +1,778 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.IntDef;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.StringDef;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+import android.os.PersistableBundle;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+
+/**
+ * Class that provides utilities for collecting network connectivity diagnostics information.
+ * Connectivity information is made available through triggerable diagnostics tools and by listening
+ * to System validations. Some diagnostics information may be permissions-restricted.
+ *
+ * <p>ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager is intended for use by applications offering network
+ * connectivity on a user device. These tools will provide several mechanisms for these applications
+ * to be alerted to network conditions as well as diagnose potential network issues themselves.
+ *
+ * <p>The primary responsibilities of this class are to:
+ *
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li>Allow permissioned applications to register and unregister callbacks for network event
+ *       notifications
+ *   <li>Invoke callbacks for network event notifications, including:
+ *       <ul>
+ *         <li>Network validations
+ *         <li>Data stalls
+ *         <li>Connectivity reports from applications
+ *       </ul>
+ * </ul>
+ */
+public class ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager {
+    /** @hide */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static final Map<ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback, ConnectivityDiagnosticsBinder>
+            sCallbacks = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+
+    private final Context mContext;
+    private final IConnectivityManager mService;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager(Context context, IConnectivityManager service) {
+        mContext = Objects.requireNonNull(context, "missing context");
+        mService = Objects.requireNonNull(service, "missing IConnectivityManager");
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static boolean persistableBundleEquals(
+            @Nullable PersistableBundle a, @Nullable PersistableBundle b) {
+        if (a == b) return true;
+        if (a == null || b == null) return false;
+        if (!Objects.equals(a.keySet(), b.keySet())) return false;
+        for (String key : a.keySet()) {
+            if (!Objects.equals(a.get(key), b.get(key))) return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /** Class that includes connectivity information for a specific Network at a specific time. */
+    public static final class ConnectivityReport implements Parcelable {
+        /**
+         * The overall status of the network is that it is invalid; it neither provides
+         * connectivity nor has been exempted from validation.
+         */
+        public static final int NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_INVALID = 0;
+
+        /**
+         * The overall status of the network is that it is valid, this may be because it provides
+         * full Internet access (all probes succeeded), or because other properties of the network
+         * caused probes not to be run.
+         */
+        // TODO: link to INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_VALID
+        public static final int NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_VALID = 1;
+
+        /**
+         * The overall status of the network is that it provides partial connectivity; some
+         * probed services succeeded but others failed.
+         */
+        // TODO: link to INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_PARTIAL;
+        public static final int NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_PARTIALLY_VALID = 2;
+
+        /**
+         * Due to the properties of the network, validation was not performed.
+         */
+        public static final int NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_SKIPPED = 3;
+
+        /** @hide */
+        @IntDef(
+                prefix = {"NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_"},
+                value = {
+                        NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_INVALID,
+                        NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_VALID,
+                        NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_PARTIALLY_VALID,
+                        NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_SKIPPED
+                })
+        @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+        public @interface NetworkValidationResult {}
+
+        /**
+         * The overall validation result for the Network being reported on.
+         *
+         * <p>The possible values for this key are:
+         * {@link #NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_INVALID},
+         * {@link #NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_VALID},
+         * {@link #NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_PARTIALLY_VALID},
+         * {@link #NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_SKIPPED}.
+         *
+         * @see android.net.NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED
+         */
+        @NetworkValidationResult
+        public static final String KEY_NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT = "networkValidationResult";
+
+        /** DNS probe. */
+        // TODO: link to INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_DNS
+        public static final int NETWORK_PROBE_DNS = 0x04;
+
+        /** HTTP probe. */
+        // TODO: link to INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_HTTP
+        public static final int NETWORK_PROBE_HTTP = 0x08;
+
+        /** HTTPS probe. */
+        // TODO: link to INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_HTTPS;
+        public static final int NETWORK_PROBE_HTTPS = 0x10;
+
+        /** Captive portal fallback probe. */
+        // TODO: link to INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_FALLBACK
+        public static final int NETWORK_PROBE_FALLBACK = 0x20;
+
+        /** Private DNS (DNS over TLS) probd. */
+        // TODO: link to INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_PRIVDNS
+        public static final int NETWORK_PROBE_PRIVATE_DNS = 0x40;
+
+        /** @hide */
+        @IntDef(
+                prefix = {"NETWORK_PROBE_"},
+                value = {
+                        NETWORK_PROBE_DNS,
+                        NETWORK_PROBE_HTTP,
+                        NETWORK_PROBE_HTTPS,
+                        NETWORK_PROBE_FALLBACK,
+                        NETWORK_PROBE_PRIVATE_DNS
+                })
+        @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+        public @interface NetworkProbe {}
+
+        /**
+         * A bitmask of network validation probes that succeeded.
+         *
+         * <p>The possible bits values reported by this key are:
+         * {@link #NETWORK_PROBE_DNS},
+         * {@link #NETWORK_PROBE_HTTP},
+         * {@link #NETWORK_PROBE_HTTPS},
+         * {@link #NETWORK_PROBE_FALLBACK},
+         * {@link #NETWORK_PROBE_PRIVATE_DNS}.
+         */
+        @NetworkProbe
+        public static final String KEY_NETWORK_PROBES_SUCCEEDED_BITMASK =
+                "networkProbesSucceeded";
+
+        /**
+         * A bitmask of network validation probes that were attempted.
+         *
+         * <p>These probes may have failed or may be incomplete at the time of this report.
+         *
+         * <p>The possible bits values reported by this key are:
+         * {@link #NETWORK_PROBE_DNS},
+         * {@link #NETWORK_PROBE_HTTP},
+         * {@link #NETWORK_PROBE_HTTPS},
+         * {@link #NETWORK_PROBE_FALLBACK},
+         * {@link #NETWORK_PROBE_PRIVATE_DNS}.
+         */
+        @NetworkProbe
+        public static final String KEY_NETWORK_PROBES_ATTEMPTED_BITMASK =
+                "networkProbesAttempted";
+
+        /** @hide */
+        @StringDef(prefix = {"KEY_"}, value = {
+                KEY_NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT, KEY_NETWORK_PROBES_SUCCEEDED_BITMASK,
+                KEY_NETWORK_PROBES_ATTEMPTED_BITMASK})
+        @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+        public @interface ConnectivityReportBundleKeys {}
+
+        /** The Network for which this ConnectivityReport applied */
+        @NonNull private final Network mNetwork;
+
+        /**
+         * The timestamp for the report. The timestamp is taken from {@link
+         * System#currentTimeMillis}.
+         */
+        private final long mReportTimestamp;
+
+        /** LinkProperties available on the Network at the reported timestamp */
+        @NonNull private final LinkProperties mLinkProperties;
+
+        /** NetworkCapabilities available on the Network at the reported timestamp */
+        @NonNull private final NetworkCapabilities mNetworkCapabilities;
+
+        /** PersistableBundle that may contain additional info about the report */
+        @NonNull private final PersistableBundle mAdditionalInfo;
+
+        /**
+         * Constructor for ConnectivityReport.
+         *
+         * <p>Apps should obtain instances through {@link
+         * ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback#onConnectivityReportAvailable} instead of instantiating
+         * their own instances (unless for testing purposes).
+         *
+         * @param network The Network for which this ConnectivityReport applies
+         * @param reportTimestamp The timestamp for the report
+         * @param linkProperties The LinkProperties available on network at reportTimestamp
+         * @param networkCapabilities The NetworkCapabilities available on network at
+         *     reportTimestamp
+         * @param additionalInfo A PersistableBundle that may contain additional info about the
+         *     report
+         */
+        public ConnectivityReport(
+                @NonNull Network network,
+                long reportTimestamp,
+                @NonNull LinkProperties linkProperties,
+                @NonNull NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities,
+                @NonNull PersistableBundle additionalInfo) {
+            mNetwork = network;
+            mReportTimestamp = reportTimestamp;
+            mLinkProperties = new LinkProperties(linkProperties);
+            mNetworkCapabilities = new NetworkCapabilities(networkCapabilities);
+            mAdditionalInfo = additionalInfo;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Returns the Network for this ConnectivityReport.
+         *
+         * @return The Network for which this ConnectivityReport applied
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Network getNetwork() {
+            return mNetwork;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Returns the epoch timestamp (milliseconds) for when this report was taken.
+         *
+         * @return The timestamp for the report. Taken from {@link System#currentTimeMillis}.
+         */
+        public long getReportTimestamp() {
+            return mReportTimestamp;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Returns the LinkProperties available when this report was taken.
+         *
+         * @return LinkProperties available on the Network at the reported timestamp
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public LinkProperties getLinkProperties() {
+            return new LinkProperties(mLinkProperties);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Returns the NetworkCapabilities when this report was taken.
+         *
+         * @return NetworkCapabilities available on the Network at the reported timestamp
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public NetworkCapabilities getNetworkCapabilities() {
+            return new NetworkCapabilities(mNetworkCapabilities);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Returns a PersistableBundle with additional info for this report.
+         *
+         * @return PersistableBundle that may contain additional info about the report
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public PersistableBundle getAdditionalInfo() {
+            return new PersistableBundle(mAdditionalInfo);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean equals(@Nullable Object o) {
+            if (this == o) return true;
+            if (!(o instanceof ConnectivityReport)) return false;
+            final ConnectivityReport that = (ConnectivityReport) o;
+
+            // PersistableBundle is optimized to avoid unparcelling data unless fields are
+            // referenced. Because of this, use {@link ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager#equals} over
+            // {@link PersistableBundle#kindofEquals}.
+            return mReportTimestamp == that.mReportTimestamp
+                    && mNetwork.equals(that.mNetwork)
+                    && mLinkProperties.equals(that.mLinkProperties)
+                    && mNetworkCapabilities.equals(that.mNetworkCapabilities)
+                    && persistableBundleEquals(mAdditionalInfo, that.mAdditionalInfo);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int hashCode() {
+            return Objects.hash(
+                    mNetwork,
+                    mReportTimestamp,
+                    mLinkProperties,
+                    mNetworkCapabilities,
+                    mAdditionalInfo);
+        }
+
+        /** {@inheritDoc} */
+        @Override
+        public int describeContents() {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        /** {@inheritDoc} */
+        @Override
+        public void writeToParcel(@NonNull Parcel dest, int flags) {
+            dest.writeParcelable(mNetwork, flags);
+            dest.writeLong(mReportTimestamp);
+            dest.writeParcelable(mLinkProperties, flags);
+            dest.writeParcelable(mNetworkCapabilities, flags);
+            dest.writeParcelable(mAdditionalInfo, flags);
+        }
+
+        /** Implement the Parcelable interface */
+        public static final @NonNull Creator<ConnectivityReport> CREATOR =
+                new Creator<ConnectivityReport>() {
+                    public ConnectivityReport createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+                        return new ConnectivityReport(
+                                in.readParcelable(null),
+                                in.readLong(),
+                                in.readParcelable(null),
+                                in.readParcelable(null),
+                                in.readParcelable(null));
+                    }
+
+                    public ConnectivityReport[] newArray(int size) {
+                        return new ConnectivityReport[size];
+                    }
+                };
+    }
+
+    /** Class that includes information for a suspected data stall on a specific Network */
+    public static final class DataStallReport implements Parcelable {
+        /**
+         * Indicates that the Data Stall was detected using DNS events.
+         */
+        public static final int DETECTION_METHOD_DNS_EVENTS = 1;
+
+        /**
+         * Indicates that the Data Stall was detected using TCP metrics.
+         */
+        public static final int DETECTION_METHOD_TCP_METRICS = 2;
+
+        /** @hide */
+        @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+        @IntDef(
+                prefix = {"DETECTION_METHOD_"},
+                value = {DETECTION_METHOD_DNS_EVENTS, DETECTION_METHOD_TCP_METRICS})
+        public @interface DetectionMethod {}
+
+        /**
+         * This key represents the period in milliseconds over which other included TCP metrics
+         * were measured.
+         *
+         * <p>This key will be included if the data stall detection method is
+         * {@link #DETECTION_METHOD_TCP_METRICS}.
+         *
+         * <p>This value is an int.
+         */
+        public static final String KEY_TCP_METRICS_COLLECTION_PERIOD_MILLIS =
+                "tcpMetricsCollectionPeriodMillis";
+
+        /**
+         * This key represents the fail rate of TCP packets when the suspected data stall was
+         * detected.
+         *
+         * <p>This key will be included if the data stall detection method is
+         * {@link #DETECTION_METHOD_TCP_METRICS}.
+         *
+         * <p>This value is an int percentage between 0 and 100.
+         */
+        public static final String KEY_TCP_PACKET_FAIL_RATE = "tcpPacketFailRate";
+
+        /**
+         * This key represents the consecutive number of DNS timeouts that have occurred.
+         *
+         * <p>The consecutive count will be reset any time a DNS response is received.
+         *
+         * <p>This key will be included if the data stall detection method is
+         * {@link #DETECTION_METHOD_DNS_EVENTS}.
+         *
+         * <p>This value is an int.
+         */
+        public static final String KEY_DNS_CONSECUTIVE_TIMEOUTS = "dnsConsecutiveTimeouts";
+
+        /** @hide */
+        @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+        @StringDef(prefix = {"KEY_"}, value = {
+                KEY_TCP_PACKET_FAIL_RATE,
+                KEY_DNS_CONSECUTIVE_TIMEOUTS
+        })
+        public @interface DataStallReportBundleKeys {}
+
+        /** The Network for which this DataStallReport applied */
+        @NonNull private final Network mNetwork;
+
+        /**
+         * The timestamp for the report. The timestamp is taken from {@link
+         * System#currentTimeMillis}.
+         */
+        private long mReportTimestamp;
+
+        /** A bitmask of the detection methods used to identify the suspected data stall */
+        @DetectionMethod private final int mDetectionMethod;
+
+        /** LinkProperties available on the Network at the reported timestamp */
+        @NonNull private final LinkProperties mLinkProperties;
+
+        /** NetworkCapabilities available on the Network at the reported timestamp */
+        @NonNull private final NetworkCapabilities mNetworkCapabilities;
+
+        /** PersistableBundle that may contain additional information on the suspected data stall */
+        @NonNull private final PersistableBundle mStallDetails;
+
+        /**
+         * Constructor for DataStallReport.
+         *
+         * <p>Apps should obtain instances through {@link
+         * ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback#onDataStallSuspected} instead of instantiating their own
+         * instances (unless for testing purposes).
+         *
+         * @param network The Network for which this DataStallReport applies
+         * @param reportTimestamp The timestamp for the report
+         * @param detectionMethod The detection method used to identify this data stall
+         * @param linkProperties The LinkProperties available on network at reportTimestamp
+         * @param networkCapabilities The NetworkCapabilities available on network at
+         *     reportTimestamp
+         * @param stallDetails A PersistableBundle that may contain additional info about the report
+         */
+        public DataStallReport(
+                @NonNull Network network,
+                long reportTimestamp,
+                @DetectionMethod int detectionMethod,
+                @NonNull LinkProperties linkProperties,
+                @NonNull NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities,
+                @NonNull PersistableBundle stallDetails) {
+            mNetwork = network;
+            mReportTimestamp = reportTimestamp;
+            mDetectionMethod = detectionMethod;
+            mLinkProperties = new LinkProperties(linkProperties);
+            mNetworkCapabilities = new NetworkCapabilities(networkCapabilities);
+            mStallDetails = stallDetails;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Returns the Network for this DataStallReport.
+         *
+         * @return The Network for which this DataStallReport applied
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Network getNetwork() {
+            return mNetwork;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Returns the epoch timestamp (milliseconds) for when this report was taken.
+         *
+         * @return The timestamp for the report. Taken from {@link System#currentTimeMillis}.
+         */
+        public long getReportTimestamp() {
+            return mReportTimestamp;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Returns the bitmask of detection methods used to identify this suspected data stall.
+         *
+         * @return The bitmask of detection methods used to identify the suspected data stall
+         */
+        public int getDetectionMethod() {
+            return mDetectionMethod;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Returns the LinkProperties available when this report was taken.
+         *
+         * @return LinkProperties available on the Network at the reported timestamp
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public LinkProperties getLinkProperties() {
+            return new LinkProperties(mLinkProperties);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Returns the NetworkCapabilities when this report was taken.
+         *
+         * @return NetworkCapabilities available on the Network at the reported timestamp
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public NetworkCapabilities getNetworkCapabilities() {
+            return new NetworkCapabilities(mNetworkCapabilities);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Returns a PersistableBundle with additional info for this report.
+         *
+         * <p>Gets a bundle with details about the suspected data stall including information
+         * specific to the monitoring method that detected the data stall.
+         *
+         * @return PersistableBundle that may contain additional information on the suspected data
+         *     stall
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public PersistableBundle getStallDetails() {
+            return new PersistableBundle(mStallDetails);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean equals(@Nullable Object o) {
+            if (this == o) return true;
+            if (!(o instanceof DataStallReport)) return false;
+            final DataStallReport that = (DataStallReport) o;
+
+            // PersistableBundle is optimized to avoid unparcelling data unless fields are
+            // referenced. Because of this, use {@link ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager#equals} over
+            // {@link PersistableBundle#kindofEquals}.
+            return mReportTimestamp == that.mReportTimestamp
+                    && mDetectionMethod == that.mDetectionMethod
+                    && mNetwork.equals(that.mNetwork)
+                    && mLinkProperties.equals(that.mLinkProperties)
+                    && mNetworkCapabilities.equals(that.mNetworkCapabilities)
+                    && persistableBundleEquals(mStallDetails, that.mStallDetails);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int hashCode() {
+            return Objects.hash(
+                    mNetwork,
+                    mReportTimestamp,
+                    mDetectionMethod,
+                    mLinkProperties,
+                    mNetworkCapabilities,
+                    mStallDetails);
+        }
+
+        /** {@inheritDoc} */
+        @Override
+        public int describeContents() {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        /** {@inheritDoc} */
+        @Override
+        public void writeToParcel(@NonNull Parcel dest, int flags) {
+            dest.writeParcelable(mNetwork, flags);
+            dest.writeLong(mReportTimestamp);
+            dest.writeInt(mDetectionMethod);
+            dest.writeParcelable(mLinkProperties, flags);
+            dest.writeParcelable(mNetworkCapabilities, flags);
+            dest.writeParcelable(mStallDetails, flags);
+        }
+
+        /** Implement the Parcelable interface */
+        public static final @NonNull Creator<DataStallReport> CREATOR =
+                new Creator<DataStallReport>() {
+                    public DataStallReport createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+                        return new DataStallReport(
+                                in.readParcelable(null),
+                                in.readLong(),
+                                in.readInt(),
+                                in.readParcelable(null),
+                                in.readParcelable(null),
+                                in.readParcelable(null));
+                    }
+
+                    public DataStallReport[] newArray(int size) {
+                        return new DataStallReport[size];
+                    }
+                };
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static class ConnectivityDiagnosticsBinder
+            extends IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback.Stub {
+        @NonNull private final ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback mCb;
+        @NonNull private final Executor mExecutor;
+
+        /** @hide */
+        @VisibleForTesting
+        public ConnectivityDiagnosticsBinder(
+                @NonNull ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback cb, @NonNull Executor executor) {
+            this.mCb = cb;
+            this.mExecutor = executor;
+        }
+
+        /** @hide */
+        @VisibleForTesting
+        public void onConnectivityReportAvailable(@NonNull ConnectivityReport report) {
+            final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+            try {
+                mExecutor.execute(() -> {
+                    mCb.onConnectivityReportAvailable(report);
+                });
+            } finally {
+                Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /** @hide */
+        @VisibleForTesting
+        public void onDataStallSuspected(@NonNull DataStallReport report) {
+            final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+            try {
+                mExecutor.execute(() -> {
+                    mCb.onDataStallSuspected(report);
+                });
+            } finally {
+                Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /** @hide */
+        @VisibleForTesting
+        public void onNetworkConnectivityReported(
+                @NonNull Network network, boolean hasConnectivity) {
+            final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+            try {
+                mExecutor.execute(() -> {
+                    mCb.onNetworkConnectivityReported(network, hasConnectivity);
+                });
+            } finally {
+                Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Abstract base class for Connectivity Diagnostics callbacks. Used for notifications about
+     * network connectivity events. Must be extended by applications wanting notifications.
+     */
+    public abstract static class ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback {
+        /**
+         * Called when the platform completes a data connectivity check. This will also be invoked
+         * immediately upon registration for each network matching the request with the latest
+         * report, if a report has already been generated for that network.
+         *
+         * <p>The Network specified in the ConnectivityReport may not be active any more when this
+         * method is invoked.
+         *
+         * @param report The ConnectivityReport containing information about a connectivity check
+         */
+        public void onConnectivityReportAvailable(@NonNull ConnectivityReport report) {}
+
+        /**
+         * Called when the platform suspects a data stall on some Network.
+         *
+         * <p>The Network specified in the DataStallReport may not be active any more when this
+         * method is invoked.
+         *
+         * @param report The DataStallReport containing information about the suspected data stall
+         */
+        public void onDataStallSuspected(@NonNull DataStallReport report) {}
+
+        /**
+         * Called when any app reports connectivity to the System.
+         *
+         * @param network The Network for which connectivity has been reported
+         * @param hasConnectivity The connectivity reported to the System
+         */
+        public void onNetworkConnectivityReported(
+                @NonNull Network network, boolean hasConnectivity) {}
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Registers a ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback with the System.
+     *
+     * <p>Only apps that offer network connectivity to the user should be registering callbacks.
+     * These are the only apps whose callbacks will be invoked by the system. Apps considered to
+     * meet these conditions include:
+     *
+     * <ul>
+     *   <li>Carrier apps with active subscriptions
+     *   <li>Active VPNs
+     *   <li>WiFi Suggesters
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * <p>Callbacks registered by apps not meeting the above criteria will not be invoked.
+     *
+     * <p>If a registering app loses its relevant permissions, any callbacks it registered will
+     * silently stop receiving callbacks. Note that registering apps must also have location
+     * permissions to receive callbacks as some Networks may be location-bound (such as WiFi
+     * networks).
+     *
+     * <p>Each register() call <b>MUST</b> use a ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback instance that is
+     * not currently registered. If a ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback instance is registered with
+     * multiple NetworkRequests, an IllegalArgumentException will be thrown.
+     *
+     * <p>To avoid performance issues due to apps leaking callbacks, the system will limit the
+     * number of outstanding requests to 100 per app (identified by their UID), shared with
+     * callbacks in {@link ConnectivityManager}. Registering a callback with this method will count
+     * toward this limit. If this limit is exceeded, an exception will be thrown. To avoid hitting
+     * this issue and to conserve resources, make sure to unregister the callbacks with
+     * {@link #unregisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback}.
+     *
+     * @param request The NetworkRequest that will be used to match with Networks for which
+     *     callbacks will be fired
+     * @param e The Executor to be used for running the callback method invocations
+     * @param callback The ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback that the caller wants registered with the
+     *     System
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the same callback instance is registered with multiple
+     *     NetworkRequests
+     * @throws RuntimeException if the app already has too many callbacks registered.
+     */
+    public void registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(
+            @NonNull NetworkRequest request,
+            @NonNull Executor e,
+            @NonNull ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback callback) {
+        final ConnectivityDiagnosticsBinder binder = new ConnectivityDiagnosticsBinder(callback, e);
+        if (sCallbacks.putIfAbsent(callback, binder) != null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Callback is currently registered");
+        }
+
+        try {
+            mService.registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(
+                    binder, request, mContext.getOpPackageName());
+        } catch (RemoteException exception) {
+            exception.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unregisters a ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback with the System.
+     *
+     * <p>If the given callback is not currently registered with the System, this operation will be
+     * a no-op.
+     *
+     * @param callback The ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback to be unregistered from the System.
+     */
+    public void unregisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(
+            @NonNull ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback callback) {
+        // unconditionally removing from sCallbacks prevents race conditions here, since remove() is
+        // atomic.
+        final ConnectivityDiagnosticsBinder binder = sCallbacks.remove(callback);
+        if (binder == null) return;
+
+        try {
+            mService.unregisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(binder);
+        } catch (RemoteException exception) {
+            exception.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityFrameworkInitializer.java b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityFrameworkInitializer.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2e218d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityFrameworkInitializer.java
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.app.SystemServiceRegistry;
+import android.content.Context;
+
+/**
+ * Class for performing registration for all core connectivity services.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+public final class ConnectivityFrameworkInitializer {
+    private ConnectivityFrameworkInitializer() {}
+
+    /**
+     * Called by {@link SystemServiceRegistry}'s static initializer and registers all core
+     * connectivity services to {@link Context}, so that {@link Context#getSystemService} can
+     * return them.
+     *
+     * @throws IllegalStateException if this is called anywhere besides
+     * {@link SystemServiceRegistry}.
+     */
+    public static void registerServiceWrappers() {
+        // registerContextAwareService will throw if this is called outside of SystemServiceRegistry
+        // initialization.
+        SystemServiceRegistry.registerContextAwareService(
+                Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE,
+                ConnectivityManager.class,
+                (context, serviceBinder) -> {
+                    IConnectivityManager icm = IConnectivityManager.Stub.asInterface(serviceBinder);
+                    return new ConnectivityManager(context, icm);
+                }
+        );
+
+        SystemServiceRegistry.registerContextAwareService(
+                Context.CONNECTIVITY_DIAGNOSTICS_SERVICE,
+                ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.class,
+                (context) -> {
+                    final ConnectivityManager cm = context.getSystemService(
+                            ConnectivityManager.class);
+                    return cm.createDiagnosticsManager();
+                }
+        );
+
+        SystemServiceRegistry.registerContextAwareService(
+                Context.TEST_NETWORK_SERVICE,
+                TestNetworkManager.class,
+                context -> {
+                    final ConnectivityManager cm = context.getSystemService(
+                            ConnectivityManager.class);
+                    return cm.startOrGetTestNetworkManager();
+                }
+        );
+
+        SystemServiceRegistry.registerContextAwareService(
+                DnsResolverServiceManager.DNS_RESOLVER_SERVICE,
+                DnsResolverServiceManager.class,
+                (context, serviceBinder) -> new DnsResolverServiceManager(serviceBinder)
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a798f6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
@@ -0,0 +1,5869 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.annotation.SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1;
+import static android.net.NetworkRequest.Type.BACKGROUND_REQUEST;
+import static android.net.NetworkRequest.Type.LISTEN;
+import static android.net.NetworkRequest.Type.LISTEN_FOR_BEST;
+import static android.net.NetworkRequest.Type.REQUEST;
+import static android.net.NetworkRequest.Type.TRACK_DEFAULT;
+import static android.net.NetworkRequest.Type.TRACK_SYSTEM_DEFAULT;
+import static android.net.QosCallback.QosCallbackRegistrationException;
+
+import android.annotation.CallbackExecutor;
+import android.annotation.IntDef;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.RequiresPermission;
+import android.annotation.SdkConstant;
+import android.annotation.SdkConstant.SdkConstantType;
+import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.annotation.SystemService;
+import android.app.PendingIntent;
+import android.app.admin.DevicePolicyManager;
+import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
+import android.content.ComponentName;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.DataStallReport.DetectionMethod;
+import android.net.IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket;
+import android.net.SocketKeepalive.Callback;
+import android.net.TetheringManager.StartTetheringCallback;
+import android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringEventCallback;
+import android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest;
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES;
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.Message;
+import android.os.Messenger;
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.os.PersistableBundle;
+import android.os.Process;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.os.ResultReceiver;
+import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
+import android.provider.Settings;
+import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager;
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
+import android.util.ArrayMap;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.Range;
+import android.util.SparseIntArray;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
+
+import libcore.net.event.NetworkEventDispatcher;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.UncheckedIOException;
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.net.DatagramSocket;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.Socket;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException;
+
+/**
+ * Class that answers queries about the state of network connectivity. It also
+ * notifies applications when network connectivity changes.
+ * <p>
+ * The primary responsibilities of this class are to:
+ * <ol>
+ * <li>Monitor network connections (Wi-Fi, GPRS, UMTS, etc.)</li>
+ * <li>Send broadcast intents when network connectivity changes</li>
+ * <li>Attempt to "fail over" to another network when connectivity to a network
+ * is lost</li>
+ * <li>Provide an API that allows applications to query the coarse-grained or fine-grained
+ * state of the available networks</li>
+ * <li>Provide an API that allows applications to request and select networks for their data
+ * traffic</li>
+ * </ol>
+ */
+@SystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE)
+public class ConnectivityManager {
+    private static final String TAG = "ConnectivityManager";
+    private static final boolean DEBUG = Log.isLoggable(TAG, Log.DEBUG);
+
+    /**
+     * A change in network connectivity has occurred. A default connection has either
+     * been established or lost. The NetworkInfo for the affected network is
+     * sent as an extra; it should be consulted to see what kind of
+     * connectivity event occurred.
+     * <p/>
+     * Apps targeting Android 7.0 (API level 24) and higher do not receive this
+     * broadcast if they declare the broadcast receiver in their manifest. Apps
+     * will still receive broadcasts if they register their
+     * {@link android.content.BroadcastReceiver} with
+     * {@link android.content.Context#registerReceiver Context.registerReceiver()}
+     * and that context is still valid.
+     * <p/>
+     * If this is a connection that was the result of failing over from a
+     * disconnected network, then the FAILOVER_CONNECTION boolean extra is
+     * set to true.
+     * <p/>
+     * For a loss of connectivity, if the connectivity manager is attempting
+     * to connect (or has already connected) to another network, the
+     * NetworkInfo for the new network is also passed as an extra. This lets
+     * any receivers of the broadcast know that they should not necessarily
+     * tell the user that no data traffic will be possible. Instead, the
+     * receiver should expect another broadcast soon, indicating either that
+     * the failover attempt succeeded (and so there is still overall data
+     * connectivity), or that the failover attempt failed, meaning that all
+     * connectivity has been lost.
+     * <p/>
+     * For a disconnect event, the boolean extra EXTRA_NO_CONNECTIVITY
+     * is set to {@code true} if there are no connected networks at all.
+     * <p />
+     * Note that this broadcast is deprecated and generally tries to implement backwards
+     * compatibility with older versions of Android. As such, it may not reflect new
+     * capabilities of the system, like multiple networks being connected at the same
+     * time, the details of newer technology, or changes in tethering state.
+     *
+     * @deprecated apps should use the more versatile {@link #requestNetwork},
+     *             {@link #registerNetworkCallback} or {@link #registerDefaultNetworkCallback}
+     *             functions instead for faster and more detailed updates about the network
+     *             changes they care about.
+     */
+    @SdkConstant(SdkConstantType.BROADCAST_INTENT_ACTION)
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final String CONNECTIVITY_ACTION = "android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE";
+
+    /**
+     * The device has connected to a network that has presented a captive
+     * portal, which is blocking Internet connectivity. The user was presented
+     * with a notification that network sign in is required,
+     * and the user invoked the notification's action indicating they
+     * desire to sign in to the network. Apps handling this activity should
+     * facilitate signing in to the network. This action includes a
+     * {@link Network} typed extra called {@link #EXTRA_NETWORK} that represents
+     * the network presenting the captive portal; all communication with the
+     * captive portal must be done using this {@code Network} object.
+     * <p/>
+     * This activity includes a {@link CaptivePortal} extra named
+     * {@link #EXTRA_CAPTIVE_PORTAL} that can be used to indicate different
+     * outcomes of the captive portal sign in to the system:
+     * <ul>
+     * <li> When the app handling this action believes the user has signed in to
+     * the network and the captive portal has been dismissed, the app should
+     * call {@link CaptivePortal#reportCaptivePortalDismissed} so the system can
+     * reevaluate the network. If reevaluation finds the network no longer
+     * subject to a captive portal, the network may become the default active
+     * data network.</li>
+     * <li> When the app handling this action believes the user explicitly wants
+     * to ignore the captive portal and the network, the app should call
+     * {@link CaptivePortal#ignoreNetwork}. </li>
+     * </ul>
+     */
+    @SdkConstant(SdkConstantType.ACTIVITY_INTENT_ACTION)
+    public static final String ACTION_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_SIGN_IN = "android.net.conn.CAPTIVE_PORTAL";
+
+    /**
+     * The lookup key for a {@link NetworkInfo} object. Retrieve with
+     * {@link android.content.Intent#getParcelableExtra(String)}.
+     *
+     * @deprecated The {@link NetworkInfo} object is deprecated, as many of its properties
+     *             can't accurately represent modern network characteristics.
+     *             Please obtain information about networks from the {@link NetworkCapabilities}
+     *             or {@link LinkProperties} objects instead.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final String EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO = "networkInfo";
+
+    /**
+     * Network type which triggered a {@link #CONNECTIVITY_ACTION} broadcast.
+     *
+     * @see android.content.Intent#getIntExtra(String, int)
+     * @deprecated The network type is not rich enough to represent the characteristics
+     *             of modern networks. Please use {@link NetworkCapabilities} instead,
+     *             in particular the transports.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final String EXTRA_NETWORK_TYPE = "networkType";
+
+    /**
+     * The lookup key for a boolean that indicates whether a connect event
+     * is for a network to which the connectivity manager was failing over
+     * following a disconnect on another network.
+     * Retrieve it with {@link android.content.Intent#getBooleanExtra(String,boolean)}.
+     *
+     * @deprecated See {@link NetworkInfo}.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final String EXTRA_IS_FAILOVER = "isFailover";
+    /**
+     * The lookup key for a {@link NetworkInfo} object. This is supplied when
+     * there is another network that it may be possible to connect to. Retrieve with
+     * {@link android.content.Intent#getParcelableExtra(String)}.
+     *
+     * @deprecated See {@link NetworkInfo}.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final String EXTRA_OTHER_NETWORK_INFO = "otherNetwork";
+    /**
+     * The lookup key for a boolean that indicates whether there is a
+     * complete lack of connectivity, i.e., no network is available.
+     * Retrieve it with {@link android.content.Intent#getBooleanExtra(String,boolean)}.
+     */
+    public static final String EXTRA_NO_CONNECTIVITY = "noConnectivity";
+    /**
+     * The lookup key for a string that indicates why an attempt to connect
+     * to a network failed. The string has no particular structure. It is
+     * intended to be used in notifications presented to users. Retrieve
+     * it with {@link android.content.Intent#getStringExtra(String)}.
+     */
+    public static final String EXTRA_REASON = "reason";
+    /**
+     * The lookup key for a string that provides optionally supplied
+     * extra information about the network state. The information
+     * may be passed up from the lower networking layers, and its
+     * meaning may be specific to a particular network type. Retrieve
+     * it with {@link android.content.Intent#getStringExtra(String)}.
+     *
+     * @deprecated See {@link NetworkInfo#getExtraInfo()}.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final String EXTRA_EXTRA_INFO = "extraInfo";
+    /**
+     * The lookup key for an int that provides information about
+     * our connection to the internet at large.  0 indicates no connection,
+     * 100 indicates a great connection.  Retrieve it with
+     * {@link android.content.Intent#getIntExtra(String, int)}.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    public static final String EXTRA_INET_CONDITION = "inetCondition";
+    /**
+     * The lookup key for a {@link CaptivePortal} object included with the
+     * {@link #ACTION_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_SIGN_IN} intent.  The {@code CaptivePortal}
+     * object can be used to either indicate to the system that the captive
+     * portal has been dismissed or that the user does not want to pursue
+     * signing in to captive portal.  Retrieve it with
+     * {@link android.content.Intent#getParcelableExtra(String)}.
+     */
+    public static final String EXTRA_CAPTIVE_PORTAL = "android.net.extra.CAPTIVE_PORTAL";
+
+    /**
+     * Key for passing a URL to the captive portal login activity.
+     */
+    public static final String EXTRA_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_URL = "android.net.extra.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_URL";
+
+    /**
+     * Key for passing a {@link android.net.captiveportal.CaptivePortalProbeSpec} to the captive
+     * portal login activity.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static final String EXTRA_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_PROBE_SPEC =
+            "android.net.extra.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_PROBE_SPEC";
+
+    /**
+     * Key for passing a user agent string to the captive portal login activity.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static final String EXTRA_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_USER_AGENT =
+            "android.net.extra.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_USER_AGENT";
+
+    /**
+     * Broadcast action to indicate the change of data activity status
+     * (idle or active) on a network in a recent period.
+     * The network becomes active when data transmission is started, or
+     * idle if there is no data transmission for a period of time.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @SdkConstant(SdkConstantType.BROADCAST_INTENT_ACTION)
+    public static final String ACTION_DATA_ACTIVITY_CHANGE =
+            "android.net.conn.DATA_ACTIVITY_CHANGE";
+    /**
+     * The lookup key for an enum that indicates the network device type on which this data activity
+     * change happens.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    public static final String EXTRA_DEVICE_TYPE = "deviceType";
+    /**
+     * The lookup key for a boolean that indicates the device is active or not. {@code true} means
+     * it is actively sending or receiving data and {@code false} means it is idle.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    public static final String EXTRA_IS_ACTIVE = "isActive";
+    /**
+     * The lookup key for a long that contains the timestamp (nanos) of the radio state change.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    public static final String EXTRA_REALTIME_NS = "tsNanos";
+
+    /**
+     * Broadcast Action: The setting for background data usage has changed
+     * values. Use {@link #getBackgroundDataSetting()} to get the current value.
+     * <p>
+     * If an application uses the network in the background, it should listen
+     * for this broadcast and stop using the background data if the value is
+     * {@code false}.
+     * <p>
+     *
+     * @deprecated As of {@link VERSION_CODES#ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH}, availability
+     *             of background data depends on several combined factors, and
+     *             this broadcast is no longer sent. Instead, when background
+     *             data is unavailable, {@link #getActiveNetworkInfo()} will now
+     *             appear disconnected. During first boot after a platform
+     *             upgrade, this broadcast will be sent once if
+     *             {@link #getBackgroundDataSetting()} was {@code false} before
+     *             the upgrade.
+     */
+    @SdkConstant(SdkConstantType.BROADCAST_INTENT_ACTION)
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final String ACTION_BACKGROUND_DATA_SETTING_CHANGED =
+            "android.net.conn.BACKGROUND_DATA_SETTING_CHANGED";
+
+    /**
+     * Broadcast Action: The network connection may not be good
+     * uses {@code ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_INET_CONDITION} and
+     * {@code ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO} to specify
+     * the network and it's condition.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SdkConstant(SdkConstantType.BROADCAST_INTENT_ACTION)
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public static final String INET_CONDITION_ACTION =
+            "android.net.conn.INET_CONDITION_ACTION";
+
+    /**
+     * Broadcast Action: A tetherable connection has come or gone.
+     * Uses {@code ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_AVAILABLE_TETHER},
+     * {@code ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_ACTIVE_LOCAL_ONLY},
+     * {@code ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_ACTIVE_TETHER}, and
+     * {@code ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_ERRORED_TETHER} to indicate
+     * the current state of tethering.  Each include a list of
+     * interface names in that state (may be empty).
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SdkConstant(SdkConstantType.BROADCAST_INTENT_ACTION)
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    public static final String ACTION_TETHER_STATE_CHANGED =
+            TetheringManager.ACTION_TETHER_STATE_CHANGED;
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     * gives a String[] listing all the interfaces configured for
+     * tethering and currently available for tethering.
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    public static final String EXTRA_AVAILABLE_TETHER = TetheringManager.EXTRA_AVAILABLE_TETHER;
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     * gives a String[] listing all the interfaces currently in local-only
+     * mode (ie, has DHCPv4+IPv6-ULA support and no packet forwarding)
+     */
+    public static final String EXTRA_ACTIVE_LOCAL_ONLY = TetheringManager.EXTRA_ACTIVE_LOCAL_ONLY;
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     * gives a String[] listing all the interfaces currently tethered
+     * (ie, has DHCPv4 support and packets potentially forwarded/NATed)
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    public static final String EXTRA_ACTIVE_TETHER = TetheringManager.EXTRA_ACTIVE_TETHER;
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     * gives a String[] listing all the interfaces we tried to tether and
+     * failed.  Use {@link #getLastTetherError} to find the error code
+     * for any interfaces listed here.
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    public static final String EXTRA_ERRORED_TETHER = TetheringManager.EXTRA_ERRORED_TETHER;
+
+    /**
+     * Broadcast Action: The captive portal tracker has finished its test.
+     * Sent only while running Setup Wizard, in lieu of showing a user
+     * notification.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SdkConstant(SdkConstantType.BROADCAST_INTENT_ACTION)
+    public static final String ACTION_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_TEST_COMPLETED =
+            "android.net.conn.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_TEST_COMPLETED";
+    /**
+     * The lookup key for a boolean that indicates whether a captive portal was detected.
+     * Retrieve it with {@link android.content.Intent#getBooleanExtra(String,boolean)}.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String EXTRA_IS_CAPTIVE_PORTAL = "captivePortal";
+
+    /**
+     * Action used to display a dialog that asks the user whether to connect to a network that is
+     * not validated. This intent is used to start the dialog in settings via startActivity.
+     *
+     * This action includes a {@link Network} typed extra which is called
+     * {@link ConnectivityManager#EXTRA_NETWORK} that represents the network which is unvalidated.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final String ACTION_PROMPT_UNVALIDATED = "android.net.action.PROMPT_UNVALIDATED";
+
+    /**
+     * Action used to display a dialog that asks the user whether to avoid a network that is no
+     * longer validated. This intent is used to start the dialog in settings via startActivity.
+     *
+     * This action includes a {@link Network} typed extra which is called
+     * {@link ConnectivityManager#EXTRA_NETWORK} that represents the network which is no longer
+     * validated.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final String ACTION_PROMPT_LOST_VALIDATION =
+            "android.net.action.PROMPT_LOST_VALIDATION";
+
+    /**
+     * Action used to display a dialog that asks the user whether to stay connected to a network
+     * that has not validated. This intent is used to start the dialog in settings via
+     * startActivity.
+     *
+     * This action includes a {@link Network} typed extra which is called
+     * {@link ConnectivityManager#EXTRA_NETWORK} that represents the network which has partial
+     * connectivity.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final String ACTION_PROMPT_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY =
+            "android.net.action.PROMPT_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY";
+
+    /**
+     * Clear DNS Cache Action: This is broadcast when networks have changed and old
+     * DNS entries should be cleared.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SdkConstant(SdkConstantType.BROADCAST_INTENT_ACTION)
+    @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final String ACTION_CLEAR_DNS_CACHE = "android.net.action.CLEAR_DNS_CACHE";
+
+    /**
+     * Invalid tethering type.
+     * @see #startTethering(int, boolean, OnStartTetheringCallback)
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int TETHERING_INVALID   = TetheringManager.TETHERING_INVALID;
+
+    /**
+     * Wifi tethering type.
+     * @see #startTethering(int, boolean, OnStartTetheringCallback)
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static final int TETHERING_WIFI      = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * USB tethering type.
+     * @see #startTethering(int, boolean, OnStartTetheringCallback)
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static final int TETHERING_USB       = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * Bluetooth tethering type.
+     * @see #startTethering(int, boolean, OnStartTetheringCallback)
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static final int TETHERING_BLUETOOTH = 2;
+
+    /**
+     * Wifi P2p tethering type.
+     * Wifi P2p tethering is set through events automatically, and don't
+     * need to start from #startTethering(int, boolean, OnStartTetheringCallback).
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int TETHERING_WIFI_P2P = TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI_P2P;
+
+    /**
+     * Extra used for communicating with the TetherService. Includes the type of tethering to
+     * enable if any.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String EXTRA_ADD_TETHER_TYPE = TetheringConstants.EXTRA_ADD_TETHER_TYPE;
+
+    /**
+     * Extra used for communicating with the TetherService. Includes the type of tethering for
+     * which to cancel provisioning.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String EXTRA_REM_TETHER_TYPE = TetheringConstants.EXTRA_REM_TETHER_TYPE;
+
+    /**
+     * Extra used for communicating with the TetherService. True to schedule a recheck of tether
+     * provisioning.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String EXTRA_SET_ALARM = TetheringConstants.EXTRA_SET_ALARM;
+
+    /**
+     * Tells the TetherService to run a provision check now.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String EXTRA_RUN_PROVISION = TetheringConstants.EXTRA_RUN_PROVISION;
+
+    /**
+     * Extra used for communicating with the TetherService. Contains the {@link ResultReceiver}
+     * which will receive provisioning results. Can be left empty.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String EXTRA_PROVISION_CALLBACK =
+            TetheringConstants.EXTRA_PROVISION_CALLBACK;
+
+    /**
+     * The absence of a connection type.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static final int TYPE_NONE        = -1;
+
+    /**
+     * A Mobile data connection. Devices may support more than one.
+     *
+     * @deprecated Applications should instead use {@link NetworkCapabilities#hasTransport} or
+     *         {@link #requestNetwork(NetworkRequest, NetworkCallback)} to request an
+     *         appropriate network. {@see NetworkCapabilities} for supported transports.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final int TYPE_MOBILE      = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * A WIFI data connection. Devices may support more than one.
+     *
+     * @deprecated Applications should instead use {@link NetworkCapabilities#hasTransport} or
+     *         {@link #requestNetwork(NetworkRequest, NetworkCallback)} to request an
+     *         appropriate network. {@see NetworkCapabilities} for supported transports.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final int TYPE_WIFI        = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * An MMS-specific Mobile data connection.  This network type may use the
+     * same network interface as {@link #TYPE_MOBILE} or it may use a different
+     * one.  This is used by applications needing to talk to the carrier's
+     * Multimedia Messaging Service servers.
+     *
+     * @deprecated Applications should instead use {@link NetworkCapabilities#hasCapability} or
+     *         {@link #requestNetwork(NetworkRequest, NetworkCallback)} to request a network that
+     *         provides the {@link NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_MMS} capability.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final int TYPE_MOBILE_MMS  = 2;
+
+    /**
+     * A SUPL-specific Mobile data connection.  This network type may use the
+     * same network interface as {@link #TYPE_MOBILE} or it may use a different
+     * one.  This is used by applications needing to talk to the carrier's
+     * Secure User Plane Location servers for help locating the device.
+     *
+     * @deprecated Applications should instead use {@link NetworkCapabilities#hasCapability} or
+     *         {@link #requestNetwork(NetworkRequest, NetworkCallback)} to request a network that
+     *         provides the {@link NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_SUPL} capability.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final int TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL = 3;
+
+    /**
+     * A DUN-specific Mobile data connection.  This network type may use the
+     * same network interface as {@link #TYPE_MOBILE} or it may use a different
+     * one.  This is sometimes by the system when setting up an upstream connection
+     * for tethering so that the carrier is aware of DUN traffic.
+     *
+     * @deprecated Applications should instead use {@link NetworkCapabilities#hasCapability} or
+     *         {@link #requestNetwork(NetworkRequest, NetworkCallback)} to request a network that
+     *         provides the {@link NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_DUN} capability.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final int TYPE_MOBILE_DUN  = 4;
+
+    /**
+     * A High Priority Mobile data connection.  This network type uses the
+     * same network interface as {@link #TYPE_MOBILE} but the routing setup
+     * is different.
+     *
+     * @deprecated Applications should instead use {@link NetworkCapabilities#hasTransport} or
+     *         {@link #requestNetwork(NetworkRequest, NetworkCallback)} to request an
+     *         appropriate network. {@see NetworkCapabilities} for supported transports.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final int TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI = 5;
+
+    /**
+     * A WiMAX data connection.
+     *
+     * @deprecated Applications should instead use {@link NetworkCapabilities#hasTransport} or
+     *         {@link #requestNetwork(NetworkRequest, NetworkCallback)} to request an
+     *         appropriate network. {@see NetworkCapabilities} for supported transports.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final int TYPE_WIMAX       = 6;
+
+    /**
+     * A Bluetooth data connection.
+     *
+     * @deprecated Applications should instead use {@link NetworkCapabilities#hasTransport} or
+     *         {@link #requestNetwork(NetworkRequest, NetworkCallback)} to request an
+     *         appropriate network. {@see NetworkCapabilities} for supported transports.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final int TYPE_BLUETOOTH   = 7;
+
+    /**
+     * Fake data connection.  This should not be used on shipping devices.
+     * @deprecated This is not used any more.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final int TYPE_DUMMY       = 8;
+
+    /**
+     * An Ethernet data connection.
+     *
+     * @deprecated Applications should instead use {@link NetworkCapabilities#hasTransport} or
+     *         {@link #requestNetwork(NetworkRequest, NetworkCallback)} to request an
+     *         appropriate network. {@see NetworkCapabilities} for supported transports.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final int TYPE_ETHERNET    = 9;
+
+    /**
+     * Over the air Administration.
+     * @deprecated Use {@link NetworkCapabilities} instead.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.P, trackingBug = 130143562)
+    public static final int TYPE_MOBILE_FOTA = 10;
+
+    /**
+     * IP Multimedia Subsystem.
+     * @deprecated Use {@link NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_IMS} instead.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public static final int TYPE_MOBILE_IMS  = 11;
+
+    /**
+     * Carrier Branded Services.
+     * @deprecated Use {@link NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_CBS} instead.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.P, trackingBug = 130143562)
+    public static final int TYPE_MOBILE_CBS  = 12;
+
+    /**
+     * A Wi-Fi p2p connection. Only requesting processes will have access to
+     * the peers connected.
+     * @deprecated Use {@link NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_WIFI_P2P} instead.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    @SystemApi
+    public static final int TYPE_WIFI_P2P    = 13;
+
+    /**
+     * The network to use for initially attaching to the network
+     * @deprecated Use {@link NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_IA} instead.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public static final int TYPE_MOBILE_IA = 14;
+
+    /**
+     * Emergency PDN connection for emergency services.  This
+     * may include IMS and MMS in emergency situations.
+     * @deprecated Use {@link NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_EIMS} instead.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.P, trackingBug = 130143562)
+    public static final int TYPE_MOBILE_EMERGENCY = 15;
+
+    /**
+     * The network that uses proxy to achieve connectivity.
+     * @deprecated Use {@link NetworkCapabilities} instead.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    @SystemApi
+    public static final int TYPE_PROXY = 16;
+
+    /**
+     * A virtual network using one or more native bearers.
+     * It may or may not be providing security services.
+     * @deprecated Applications should use {@link NetworkCapabilities#TRANSPORT_VPN} instead.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final int TYPE_VPN = 17;
+
+    /**
+     * A network that is exclusively meant to be used for testing
+     *
+     * @deprecated Use {@link NetworkCapabilities} instead.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final int TYPE_TEST = 18; // TODO: Remove this once NetworkTypes are unused.
+
+    /**
+     * @deprecated Use {@link NetworkCapabilities} instead.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(prefix = { "TYPE_" }, value = {
+                TYPE_NONE,
+                TYPE_MOBILE,
+                TYPE_WIFI,
+                TYPE_MOBILE_MMS,
+                TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL,
+                TYPE_MOBILE_DUN,
+                TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI,
+                TYPE_WIMAX,
+                TYPE_BLUETOOTH,
+                TYPE_DUMMY,
+                TYPE_ETHERNET,
+                TYPE_MOBILE_FOTA,
+                TYPE_MOBILE_IMS,
+                TYPE_MOBILE_CBS,
+                TYPE_WIFI_P2P,
+                TYPE_MOBILE_IA,
+                TYPE_MOBILE_EMERGENCY,
+                TYPE_PROXY,
+                TYPE_VPN,
+                TYPE_TEST
+    })
+    public @interface LegacyNetworkType {}
+
+    // Deprecated constants for return values of startUsingNetworkFeature. They used to live
+    // in com.android.internal.telephony.PhoneConstants until they were made inaccessible.
+    private static final int DEPRECATED_PHONE_CONSTANT_APN_ALREADY_ACTIVE = 0;
+    private static final int DEPRECATED_PHONE_CONSTANT_APN_REQUEST_STARTED = 1;
+    private static final int DEPRECATED_PHONE_CONSTANT_APN_REQUEST_FAILED = 3;
+
+    /** {@hide} */
+    public static final int MAX_RADIO_TYPE = TYPE_TEST;
+
+    /** {@hide} */
+    public static final int MAX_NETWORK_TYPE = TYPE_TEST;
+
+    private static final int MIN_NETWORK_TYPE = TYPE_MOBILE;
+
+    /**
+     * If you want to set the default network preference,you can directly
+     * change the networkAttributes array in framework's config.xml.
+     *
+     * @deprecated Since we support so many more networks now, the single
+     *             network default network preference can't really express
+     *             the hierarchy.  Instead, the default is defined by the
+     *             networkAttributes in config.xml.  You can determine
+     *             the current value by calling {@link #getNetworkPreference()}
+     *             from an App.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final int DEFAULT_NETWORK_PREFERENCE = TYPE_WIFI;
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int REQUEST_ID_UNSET = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Static unique request used as a tombstone for NetworkCallbacks that have been unregistered.
+     * This allows to distinguish when unregistering NetworkCallbacks those that were never
+     * registered from those that were already unregistered.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    private static final NetworkRequest ALREADY_UNREGISTERED =
+            new NetworkRequest.Builder().clearCapabilities().build();
+
+    /**
+     * A NetID indicating no Network is selected.
+     * Keep in sync with bionic/libc/dns/include/resolv_netid.h
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int NETID_UNSET = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Flag to indicate that an app is not subject to any restrictions that could result in its
+     * network access blocked.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_NONE = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Flag to indicate that an app is subject to Battery saver restrictions that would
+     * result in its network access being blocked.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_BATTERY_SAVER = 1 << 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Flag to indicate that an app is subject to Doze restrictions that would
+     * result in its network access being blocked.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_DOZE = 1 << 1;
+
+    /**
+     * Flag to indicate that an app is subject to App Standby restrictions that would
+     * result in its network access being blocked.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_APP_STANDBY = 1 << 2;
+
+    /**
+     * Flag to indicate that an app is subject to Restricted mode restrictions that would
+     * result in its network access being blocked.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_RESTRICTED_MODE = 1 << 3;
+
+    /**
+     * Flag to indicate that an app is blocked because it is subject to an always-on VPN but the VPN
+     * is not currently connected.
+     *
+     * @see DevicePolicyManager#setAlwaysOnVpnPackage(ComponentName, String, boolean)
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_LOCKDOWN_VPN = 1 << 4;
+
+    /**
+     * Flag to indicate that an app is subject to Low Power Standby restrictions that would
+     * result in its network access being blocked.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_LOW_POWER_STANDBY = 1 << 5;
+
+    /**
+     * Flag to indicate that an app is subject to Data saver restrictions that would
+     * result in its metered network access being blocked.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_DATA_SAVER = 1 << 16;
+
+    /**
+     * Flag to indicate that an app is subject to user restrictions that would
+     * result in its metered network access being blocked.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED = 1 << 17;
+
+    /**
+     * Flag to indicate that an app is subject to Device admin restrictions that would
+     * result in its metered network access being blocked.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_ADMIN_DISABLED = 1 << 18;
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(flag = true, prefix = {"BLOCKED_"}, value = {
+            BLOCKED_REASON_NONE,
+            BLOCKED_REASON_BATTERY_SAVER,
+            BLOCKED_REASON_DOZE,
+            BLOCKED_REASON_APP_STANDBY,
+            BLOCKED_REASON_RESTRICTED_MODE,
+            BLOCKED_REASON_LOCKDOWN_VPN,
+            BLOCKED_REASON_LOW_POWER_STANDBY,
+            BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_DATA_SAVER,
+            BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED,
+            BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_ADMIN_DISABLED,
+    })
+    public @interface BlockedReason {}
+
+    /**
+     * Set of blocked reasons that are only applicable on metered networks.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_MASK = 0xffff0000;
+
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.P, trackingBug = 130143562)
+    private final IConnectivityManager mService;
+
+    // LINT.IfChange(firewall_chain)
+    /**
+     * Firewall chain for device idle (doze mode).
+     * Allowlist of apps that have network access in device idle.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * Firewall chain used for app standby.
+     * Denylist of apps that do not have network access.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_STANDBY = 2;
+
+    /**
+     * Firewall chain used for battery saver.
+     * Allowlist of apps that have network access when battery saver is on.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_POWERSAVE = 3;
+
+    /**
+     * Firewall chain used for restricted networking mode.
+     * Allowlist of apps that have access in restricted networking mode.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_RESTRICTED = 4;
+
+    /**
+     * Firewall chain used for low power standby.
+     * Allowlist of apps that have access in low power standby.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOW_POWER_STANDBY = 5;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(flag = false, prefix = "FIREWALL_CHAIN_", value = {
+        FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE,
+        FIREWALL_CHAIN_STANDBY,
+        FIREWALL_CHAIN_POWERSAVE,
+        FIREWALL_CHAIN_RESTRICTED,
+        FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOW_POWER_STANDBY
+    })
+    public @interface FirewallChain {}
+    // LINT.ThenChange(packages/modules/Connectivity/service/native/include/Common.h)
+
+    /**
+     * A kludge to facilitate static access where a Context pointer isn't available, like in the
+     * case of the static set/getProcessDefaultNetwork methods and from the Network class.
+     * TODO: Remove this after deprecating the static methods in favor of non-static methods or
+     * methods that take a Context argument.
+     */
+    private static ConnectivityManager sInstance;
+
+    private final Context mContext;
+
+    @GuardedBy("mTetheringEventCallbacks")
+    private TetheringManager mTetheringManager;
+
+    private TetheringManager getTetheringManager() {
+        synchronized (mTetheringEventCallbacks) {
+            if (mTetheringManager == null) {
+                mTetheringManager = mContext.getSystemService(TetheringManager.class);
+            }
+            return mTetheringManager;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests if a given integer represents a valid network type.
+     * @param networkType the type to be tested
+     * @return a boolean.  {@code true} if the type is valid, else {@code false}
+     * @deprecated All APIs accepting a network type are deprecated. There should be no need to
+     *             validate a network type.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static boolean isNetworkTypeValid(int networkType) {
+        return MIN_NETWORK_TYPE <= networkType && networkType <= MAX_NETWORK_TYPE;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a non-localized string representing a given network type.
+     * ONLY used for debugging output.
+     * @param type the type needing naming
+     * @return a String for the given type, or a string version of the type ("87")
+     * if no name is known.
+     * @deprecated Types are deprecated. Use {@link NetworkCapabilities} instead.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    public static String getNetworkTypeName(int type) {
+        switch (type) {
+          case TYPE_NONE:
+                return "NONE";
+            case TYPE_MOBILE:
+                return "MOBILE";
+            case TYPE_WIFI:
+                return "WIFI";
+            case TYPE_MOBILE_MMS:
+                return "MOBILE_MMS";
+            case TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL:
+                return "MOBILE_SUPL";
+            case TYPE_MOBILE_DUN:
+                return "MOBILE_DUN";
+            case TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI:
+                return "MOBILE_HIPRI";
+            case TYPE_WIMAX:
+                return "WIMAX";
+            case TYPE_BLUETOOTH:
+                return "BLUETOOTH";
+            case TYPE_DUMMY:
+                return "DUMMY";
+            case TYPE_ETHERNET:
+                return "ETHERNET";
+            case TYPE_MOBILE_FOTA:
+                return "MOBILE_FOTA";
+            case TYPE_MOBILE_IMS:
+                return "MOBILE_IMS";
+            case TYPE_MOBILE_CBS:
+                return "MOBILE_CBS";
+            case TYPE_WIFI_P2P:
+                return "WIFI_P2P";
+            case TYPE_MOBILE_IA:
+                return "MOBILE_IA";
+            case TYPE_MOBILE_EMERGENCY:
+                return "MOBILE_EMERGENCY";
+            case TYPE_PROXY:
+                return "PROXY";
+            case TYPE_VPN:
+                return "VPN";
+            default:
+                return Integer.toString(type);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public void systemReady() {
+        try {
+            mService.systemReady();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if a given type uses the cellular data connection.
+     * This should be replaced in the future by a network property.
+     * @param networkType the type to check
+     * @return a boolean - {@code true} if uses cellular network, else {@code false}
+     * @deprecated Types are deprecated. Use {@link NetworkCapabilities} instead.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.P, trackingBug = 130143562)
+    public static boolean isNetworkTypeMobile(int networkType) {
+        switch (networkType) {
+            case TYPE_MOBILE:
+            case TYPE_MOBILE_MMS:
+            case TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL:
+            case TYPE_MOBILE_DUN:
+            case TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI:
+            case TYPE_MOBILE_FOTA:
+            case TYPE_MOBILE_IMS:
+            case TYPE_MOBILE_CBS:
+            case TYPE_MOBILE_IA:
+            case TYPE_MOBILE_EMERGENCY:
+                return true;
+            default:
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if the given network type is backed by a Wi-Fi radio.
+     *
+     * @deprecated Types are deprecated. Use {@link NetworkCapabilities} instead.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static boolean isNetworkTypeWifi(int networkType) {
+        switch (networkType) {
+            case TYPE_WIFI:
+            case TYPE_WIFI_P2P:
+                return true;
+            default:
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Preference for {@link ProfileNetworkPreference#setPreference(int)}.
+     * {@see #setProfileNetworkPreferences(UserHandle, List, Executor, Runnable)}
+     * Specify that the traffic for this user should by follow the default rules.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Preference for {@link ProfileNetworkPreference#setPreference(int)}.
+     * {@see #setProfileNetworkPreferences(UserHandle, List, Executor, Runnable)}
+     * Specify that the traffic for this user should by default go on a network with
+     * {@link NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE}, and on the system default network
+     * if no such network is available.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * Preference for {@link ProfileNetworkPreference#setPreference(int)}.
+     * {@see #setProfileNetworkPreferences(UserHandle, List, Executor, Runnable)}
+     * Specify that the traffic for this user should by default go on a network with
+     * {@link NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE} and if no such network is available
+     * should not go on the system default network
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE_NO_FALLBACK = 2;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(value = {
+            PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT,
+            PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE,
+            PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE_NO_FALLBACK
+    })
+    public @interface ProfileNetworkPreferencePolicy {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Specifies the preferred network type.  When the device has more
+     * than one type available the preferred network type will be used.
+     *
+     * @param preference the network type to prefer over all others.  It is
+     *         unspecified what happens to the old preferred network in the
+     *         overall ordering.
+     * @deprecated Functionality has been removed as it no longer makes sense,
+     *             with many more than two networks - we'd need an array to express
+     *             preference.  Instead we use dynamic network properties of
+     *             the networks to describe their precedence.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public void setNetworkPreference(int preference) {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieves the current preferred network type.
+     *
+     * @return an integer representing the preferred network type
+     *
+     * @deprecated Functionality has been removed as it no longer makes sense,
+     *             with many more than two networks - we'd need an array to express
+     *             preference.  Instead we use dynamic network properties of
+     *             the networks to describe their precedence.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
+    public int getNetworkPreference() {
+        return TYPE_NONE;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns details about the currently active default data network. When
+     * connected, this network is the default route for outgoing connections.
+     * You should always check {@link NetworkInfo#isConnected()} before initiating
+     * network traffic. This may return {@code null} when there is no default
+     * network.
+     * Note that if the default network is a VPN, this method will return the
+     * NetworkInfo for one of its underlying networks instead, or null if the
+     * VPN agent did not specify any. Apps interested in learning about VPNs
+     * should use {@link #getNetworkInfo(android.net.Network)} instead.
+     *
+     * @return a {@link NetworkInfo} object for the current default network
+     *        or {@code null} if no default network is currently active
+     * @deprecated See {@link NetworkInfo}.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
+    @Nullable
+    public NetworkInfo getActiveNetworkInfo() {
+        try {
+            return mService.getActiveNetworkInfo();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a {@link Network} object corresponding to the currently active
+     * default data network.  In the event that the current active default data
+     * network disconnects, the returned {@code Network} object will no longer
+     * be usable.  This will return {@code null} when there is no default
+     * network, or when the default network is blocked.
+     *
+     * @return a {@link Network} object for the current default network or
+     *        {@code null} if no default network is currently active or if
+     *        the default network is blocked for the caller
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
+    @Nullable
+    public Network getActiveNetwork() {
+        try {
+            return mService.getActiveNetwork();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a {@link Network} object corresponding to the currently active
+     * default data network for a specific UID.  In the event that the default data
+     * network disconnects, the returned {@code Network} object will no longer
+     * be usable.  This will return {@code null} when there is no default
+     * network for the UID.
+     *
+     * @return a {@link Network} object for the current default network for the
+     *         given UID or {@code null} if no default network is currently active
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK)
+    @Nullable
+    public Network getActiveNetworkForUid(int uid) {
+        return getActiveNetworkForUid(uid, false);
+    }
+
+    /** {@hide} */
+    public Network getActiveNetworkForUid(int uid, boolean ignoreBlocked) {
+        try {
+            return mService.getActiveNetworkForUid(uid, ignoreBlocked);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds or removes a requirement for given UID ranges to use the VPN.
+     *
+     * If set to {@code true}, informs the system that the UIDs in the specified ranges must not
+     * have any connectivity except if a VPN is connected and applies to the UIDs, or if the UIDs
+     * otherwise have permission to bypass the VPN (e.g., because they have the
+     * {@link android.Manifest.permission.CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS} permission, or when
+     * using a socket protected by a method such as {@link VpnService#protect(DatagramSocket)}. If
+     * set to {@code false}, a previously-added restriction is removed.
+     * <p>
+     * Each of the UID ranges specified by this method is added and removed as is, and no processing
+     * is performed on the ranges to de-duplicate, merge, split, or intersect them. In order to
+     * remove a previously-added range, the exact range must be removed as is.
+     * <p>
+     * The changes are applied asynchronously and may not have been applied by the time the method
+     * returns. Apps will be notified about any changes that apply to them via
+     * {@link NetworkCallback#onBlockedStatusChanged} callbacks called after the changes take
+     * effect.
+     * <p>
+     * This method should be called only by the VPN code.
+     *
+     * @param ranges the UID ranges to restrict
+     * @param requireVpn whether the specified UID ranges must use a VPN
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS})
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public void setRequireVpnForUids(boolean requireVpn,
+            @NonNull Collection<Range<Integer>> ranges) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(ranges);
+        // The Range class is not parcelable. Convert to UidRange, which is what is used internally.
+        // This method is not necessarily expected to be used outside the system server, so
+        // parceling may not be necessary, but it could be used out-of-process, e.g., by the network
+        // stack process, or by tests.
+        UidRange[] rangesArray = new UidRange[ranges.size()];
+        int index = 0;
+        for (Range<Integer> range : ranges) {
+            rangesArray[index++] = new UidRange(range.getLower(), range.getUpper());
+        }
+        try {
+            mService.setRequireVpnForUids(requireVpn, rangesArray);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Informs ConnectivityService of whether the legacy lockdown VPN, as implemented by
+     * LockdownVpnTracker, is in use. This is deprecated for new devices starting from Android 12
+     * but is still supported for backwards compatibility.
+     * <p>
+     * This type of VPN is assumed always to use the system default network, and must always declare
+     * exactly one underlying network, which is the network that was the default when the VPN
+     * connected.
+     * <p>
+     * Calling this method with {@code true} enables legacy behaviour, specifically:
+     * <ul>
+     *     <li>Any VPN that applies to userId 0 behaves specially with respect to deprecated
+     *     {@link #CONNECTIVITY_ACTION} broadcasts. Any such broadcasts will have the state in the
+     *     {@link #EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO} replaced by state of the VPN network. Also, any time the VPN
+     *     connects, a {@link #CONNECTIVITY_ACTION} broadcast will be sent for the network
+     *     underlying the VPN.</li>
+     *     <li>Deprecated APIs that return {@link NetworkInfo} objects will have their state
+     *     similarly replaced by the VPN network state.</li>
+     *     <li>Information on current network interfaces passed to NetworkStatsService will not
+     *     include any VPN interfaces.</li>
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * @param enabled whether legacy lockdown VPN is enabled or disabled
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS})
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public void setLegacyLockdownVpnEnabled(boolean enabled) {
+        try {
+            mService.setLegacyLockdownVpnEnabled(enabled);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns details about the currently active default data network
+     * for a given uid.  This is for internal use only to avoid spying
+     * other apps.
+     *
+     * @return a {@link NetworkInfo} object for the current default network
+     *        for the given uid or {@code null} if no default network is
+     *        available for the specified uid.
+     *
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK)
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    public NetworkInfo getActiveNetworkInfoForUid(int uid) {
+        return getActiveNetworkInfoForUid(uid, false);
+    }
+
+    /** {@hide} */
+    public NetworkInfo getActiveNetworkInfoForUid(int uid, boolean ignoreBlocked) {
+        try {
+            return mService.getActiveNetworkInfoForUid(uid, ignoreBlocked);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns connection status information about a particular
+     * network type.
+     *
+     * @param networkType integer specifying which networkType in
+     *        which you're interested.
+     * @return a {@link NetworkInfo} object for the requested
+     *        network type or {@code null} if the type is not
+     *        supported by the device. If {@code networkType} is
+     *        TYPE_VPN and a VPN is active for the calling app,
+     *        then this method will try to return one of the
+     *        underlying networks for the VPN or null if the
+     *        VPN agent didn't specify any.
+     *
+     * @deprecated This method does not support multiple connected networks
+     *             of the same type. Use {@link #getAllNetworks} and
+     *             {@link #getNetworkInfo(android.net.Network)} instead.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
+    @Nullable
+    public NetworkInfo getNetworkInfo(int networkType) {
+        try {
+            return mService.getNetworkInfo(networkType);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns connection status information about a particular
+     * Network.
+     *
+     * @param network {@link Network} specifying which network
+     *        in which you're interested.
+     * @return a {@link NetworkInfo} object for the requested
+     *        network or {@code null} if the {@code Network}
+     *        is not valid.
+     * @deprecated See {@link NetworkInfo}.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
+    @Nullable
+    public NetworkInfo getNetworkInfo(@Nullable Network network) {
+        return getNetworkInfoForUid(network, Process.myUid(), false);
+    }
+
+    /** {@hide} */
+    public NetworkInfo getNetworkInfoForUid(Network network, int uid, boolean ignoreBlocked) {
+        try {
+            return mService.getNetworkInfoForUid(network, uid, ignoreBlocked);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns connection status information about all network
+     * types supported by the device.
+     *
+     * @return an array of {@link NetworkInfo} objects.  Check each
+     * {@link NetworkInfo#getType} for which type each applies.
+     *
+     * @deprecated This method does not support multiple connected networks
+     *             of the same type. Use {@link #getAllNetworks} and
+     *             {@link #getNetworkInfo(android.net.Network)} instead.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
+    @NonNull
+    public NetworkInfo[] getAllNetworkInfo() {
+        try {
+            return mService.getAllNetworkInfo();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a list of {@link NetworkStateSnapshot}s, one for each network that is currently
+     * connected.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS})
+    @NonNull
+    public List<NetworkStateSnapshot> getAllNetworkStateSnapshots() {
+        try {
+            return mService.getAllNetworkStateSnapshots();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the {@link Network} object currently serving a given type, or
+     * null if the given type is not connected.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     * @deprecated This method does not support multiple connected networks
+     *             of the same type. Use {@link #getAllNetworks} and
+     *             {@link #getNetworkInfo(android.net.Network)} instead.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public Network getNetworkForType(int networkType) {
+        try {
+            return mService.getNetworkForType(networkType);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an array of all {@link Network} currently tracked by the
+     * framework.
+     *
+     * @deprecated This method does not provide any notification of network state changes, forcing
+     *             apps to call it repeatedly. This is inefficient and prone to race conditions.
+     *             Apps should use methods such as
+     *             {@link #registerNetworkCallback(NetworkRequest, NetworkCallback)} instead.
+     *             Apps that desire to obtain information about networks that do not apply to them
+     *             can use {@link NetworkRequest.Builder#setIncludeOtherUidNetworks}.
+     *
+     * @return an array of {@link Network} objects.
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
+    @NonNull
+    @Deprecated
+    public Network[] getAllNetworks() {
+        try {
+            return mService.getAllNetworks();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an array of {@link NetworkCapabilities} objects, representing
+     * the Networks that applications run by the given user will use by default.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public NetworkCapabilities[] getDefaultNetworkCapabilitiesForUser(int userId) {
+        try {
+            return mService.getDefaultNetworkCapabilitiesForUser(
+                    userId, mContext.getOpPackageName(), getAttributionTag());
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the IP information for the current default network.
+     *
+     * @return a {@link LinkProperties} object describing the IP info
+     *        for the current default network, or {@code null} if there
+     *        is no current default network.
+     *
+     * {@hide}
+     * @deprecated please use {@link #getLinkProperties(Network)} on the return
+     *             value of {@link #getActiveNetwork()} instead. In particular,
+     *             this method will return non-null LinkProperties even if the
+     *             app is blocked by policy from using this network.
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.P, trackingBug = 109783091)
+    public LinkProperties getActiveLinkProperties() {
+        try {
+            return mService.getActiveLinkProperties();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the IP information for a given network type.
+     *
+     * @param networkType the network type of interest.
+     * @return a {@link LinkProperties} object describing the IP info
+     *        for the given networkType, or {@code null} if there is
+     *        no current default network.
+     *
+     * {@hide}
+     * @deprecated This method does not support multiple connected networks
+     *             of the same type. Use {@link #getAllNetworks},
+     *             {@link #getNetworkInfo(android.net.Network)}, and
+     *             {@link #getLinkProperties(android.net.Network)} instead.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.P, trackingBug = 130143562)
+    public LinkProperties getLinkProperties(int networkType) {
+        try {
+            return mService.getLinkPropertiesForType(networkType);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the {@link LinkProperties} for the given {@link Network}.  This
+     * will return {@code null} if the network is unknown.
+     *
+     * @param network The {@link Network} object identifying the network in question.
+     * @return The {@link LinkProperties} for the network, or {@code null}.
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
+    @Nullable
+    public LinkProperties getLinkProperties(@Nullable Network network) {
+        try {
+            return mService.getLinkProperties(network);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Redact {@link LinkProperties} for a given package
+     *
+     * Returns an instance of the given {@link LinkProperties} appropriately redacted to send to the
+     * given package, considering its permissions.
+     *
+     * @param lp A {@link LinkProperties} which will be redacted.
+     * @param uid The target uid.
+     * @param packageName The name of the package, for appops logging.
+     * @return A redacted {@link LinkProperties} which is appropriate to send to the given uid,
+     *         or null if the uid lacks the ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE permission.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS})
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @Nullable
+    public LinkProperties getRedactedLinkPropertiesForPackage(@NonNull LinkProperties lp, int uid,
+            @NonNull String packageName) {
+        try {
+            return mService.getRedactedLinkPropertiesForPackage(
+                    lp, uid, packageName, getAttributionTag());
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the {@link NetworkCapabilities} for the given {@link Network}, or null.
+     *
+     * This will remove any location sensitive data in the returned {@link NetworkCapabilities}.
+     * Some {@link TransportInfo} instances like {@link android.net.wifi.WifiInfo} contain location
+     * sensitive information. To retrieve this location sensitive information (subject to
+     * the caller's location permissions), use a {@link NetworkCallback} with the
+     * {@link NetworkCallback#FLAG_INCLUDE_LOCATION_INFO} flag instead.
+     *
+     * This method returns {@code null} if the network is unknown or if the |network| argument
+     * is null.
+     *
+     * @param network The {@link Network} object identifying the network in question.
+     * @return The {@link NetworkCapabilities} for the network, or {@code null}.
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
+    @Nullable
+    public NetworkCapabilities getNetworkCapabilities(@Nullable Network network) {
+        try {
+            return mService.getNetworkCapabilities(
+                    network, mContext.getOpPackageName(), getAttributionTag());
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Redact {@link NetworkCapabilities} for a given package.
+     *
+     * Returns an instance of {@link NetworkCapabilities} that is appropriately redacted to send
+     * to the given package, considering its permissions. If the passed capabilities contain
+     * location-sensitive information, they will be redacted to the correct degree for the location
+     * permissions of the app (COARSE or FINE), and will blame the UID accordingly for retrieving
+     * that level of location. If the UID holds no location permission, the returned object will
+     * contain no location-sensitive information and the UID is not blamed.
+     *
+     * @param nc A {@link NetworkCapabilities} instance which will be redacted.
+     * @param uid The target uid.
+     * @param packageName The name of the package, for appops logging.
+     * @return A redacted {@link NetworkCapabilities} which is appropriate to send to the given uid,
+     *         or null if the uid lacks the ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE permission.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS})
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @Nullable
+    public NetworkCapabilities getRedactedNetworkCapabilitiesForPackage(
+            @NonNull NetworkCapabilities nc,
+            int uid, @NonNull String packageName) {
+        try {
+            return mService.getRedactedNetworkCapabilitiesForPackage(nc, uid, packageName,
+                    getAttributionTag());
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets a URL that can be used for resolving whether a captive portal is present.
+     * 1. This URL should respond with a 204 response to a GET request to indicate no captive
+     *    portal is present.
+     * 2. This URL must be HTTP as redirect responses are used to find captive portal
+     *    sign-in pages. Captive portals cannot respond to HTTPS requests with redirects.
+     *
+     * The system network validation may be using different strategies to detect captive portals,
+     * so this method does not necessarily return a URL used by the system. It only returns a URL
+     * that may be relevant for other components trying to detect captive portals.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     * @deprecated This API returns URL which is not guaranteed to be one of the URLs used by the
+     *             system.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    @SystemApi
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS)
+    public String getCaptivePortalServerUrl() {
+        try {
+            return mService.getCaptivePortalServerUrl();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tells the underlying networking system that the caller wants to
+     * begin using the named feature. The interpretation of {@code feature}
+     * is completely up to each networking implementation.
+     *
+     * <p>This method requires the caller to hold either the
+     * {@link android.Manifest.permission#CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE} permission
+     * or the ability to modify system settings as determined by
+     * {@link android.provider.Settings.System#canWrite}.</p>
+     *
+     * @param networkType specifies which network the request pertains to
+     * @param feature the name of the feature to be used
+     * @return an integer value representing the outcome of the request.
+     * The interpretation of this value is specific to each networking
+     * implementation+feature combination, except that the value {@code -1}
+     * always indicates failure.
+     *
+     * @deprecated Deprecated in favor of the cleaner
+     *             {@link #requestNetwork(NetworkRequest, NetworkCallback)} API.
+     *             In {@link VERSION_CODES#M}, and above, this method is unsupported and will
+     *             throw {@code UnsupportedOperationException} if called.
+     * @removed
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public int startUsingNetworkFeature(int networkType, String feature) {
+        checkLegacyRoutingApiAccess();
+        NetworkCapabilities netCap = networkCapabilitiesForFeature(networkType, feature);
+        if (netCap == null) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "Can't satisfy startUsingNetworkFeature for " + networkType + ", " +
+                    feature);
+            return DEPRECATED_PHONE_CONSTANT_APN_REQUEST_FAILED;
+        }
+
+        NetworkRequest request = null;
+        synchronized (sLegacyRequests) {
+            LegacyRequest l = sLegacyRequests.get(netCap);
+            if (l != null) {
+                Log.d(TAG, "renewing startUsingNetworkFeature request " + l.networkRequest);
+                renewRequestLocked(l);
+                if (l.currentNetwork != null) {
+                    return DEPRECATED_PHONE_CONSTANT_APN_ALREADY_ACTIVE;
+                } else {
+                    return DEPRECATED_PHONE_CONSTANT_APN_REQUEST_STARTED;
+                }
+            }
+
+            request = requestNetworkForFeatureLocked(netCap);
+        }
+        if (request != null) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "starting startUsingNetworkFeature for request " + request);
+            return DEPRECATED_PHONE_CONSTANT_APN_REQUEST_STARTED;
+        } else {
+            Log.d(TAG, " request Failed");
+            return DEPRECATED_PHONE_CONSTANT_APN_REQUEST_FAILED;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tells the underlying networking system that the caller is finished
+     * using the named feature. The interpretation of {@code feature}
+     * is completely up to each networking implementation.
+     *
+     * <p>This method requires the caller to hold either the
+     * {@link android.Manifest.permission#CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE} permission
+     * or the ability to modify system settings as determined by
+     * {@link android.provider.Settings.System#canWrite}.</p>
+     *
+     * @param networkType specifies which network the request pertains to
+     * @param feature the name of the feature that is no longer needed
+     * @return an integer value representing the outcome of the request.
+     * The interpretation of this value is specific to each networking
+     * implementation+feature combination, except that the value {@code -1}
+     * always indicates failure.
+     *
+     * @deprecated Deprecated in favor of the cleaner
+     *             {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback)} API.
+     *             In {@link VERSION_CODES#M}, and above, this method is unsupported and will
+     *             throw {@code UnsupportedOperationException} if called.
+     * @removed
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public int stopUsingNetworkFeature(int networkType, String feature) {
+        checkLegacyRoutingApiAccess();
+        NetworkCapabilities netCap = networkCapabilitiesForFeature(networkType, feature);
+        if (netCap == null) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "Can't satisfy stopUsingNetworkFeature for " + networkType + ", " +
+                    feature);
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        if (removeRequestForFeature(netCap)) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "stopUsingNetworkFeature for " + networkType + ", " + feature);
+        }
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    private NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilitiesForFeature(int networkType, String feature) {
+        if (networkType == TYPE_MOBILE) {
+            switch (feature) {
+                case "enableCBS":
+                    return networkCapabilitiesForType(TYPE_MOBILE_CBS);
+                case "enableDUN":
+                case "enableDUNAlways":
+                    return networkCapabilitiesForType(TYPE_MOBILE_DUN);
+                case "enableFOTA":
+                    return networkCapabilitiesForType(TYPE_MOBILE_FOTA);
+                case "enableHIPRI":
+                    return networkCapabilitiesForType(TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI);
+                case "enableIMS":
+                    return networkCapabilitiesForType(TYPE_MOBILE_IMS);
+                case "enableMMS":
+                    return networkCapabilitiesForType(TYPE_MOBILE_MMS);
+                case "enableSUPL":
+                    return networkCapabilitiesForType(TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL);
+                default:
+                    return null;
+            }
+        } else if (networkType == TYPE_WIFI && "p2p".equals(feature)) {
+            return networkCapabilitiesForType(TYPE_WIFI_P2P);
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private int legacyTypeForNetworkCapabilities(NetworkCapabilities netCap) {
+        if (netCap == null) return TYPE_NONE;
+        if (netCap.hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_CBS)) {
+            return TYPE_MOBILE_CBS;
+        }
+        if (netCap.hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_IMS)) {
+            return TYPE_MOBILE_IMS;
+        }
+        if (netCap.hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_FOTA)) {
+            return TYPE_MOBILE_FOTA;
+        }
+        if (netCap.hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_DUN)) {
+            return TYPE_MOBILE_DUN;
+        }
+        if (netCap.hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_SUPL)) {
+            return TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL;
+        }
+        if (netCap.hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_MMS)) {
+            return TYPE_MOBILE_MMS;
+        }
+        if (netCap.hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)) {
+            return TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI;
+        }
+        if (netCap.hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_WIFI_P2P)) {
+            return TYPE_WIFI_P2P;
+        }
+        return TYPE_NONE;
+    }
+
+    private static class LegacyRequest {
+        NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities;
+        NetworkRequest networkRequest;
+        int expireSequenceNumber;
+        Network currentNetwork;
+        int delay = -1;
+
+        private void clearDnsBinding() {
+            if (currentNetwork != null) {
+                currentNetwork = null;
+                setProcessDefaultNetworkForHostResolution(null);
+            }
+        }
+
+        NetworkCallback networkCallback = new NetworkCallback() {
+            @Override
+            public void onAvailable(Network network) {
+                currentNetwork = network;
+                Log.d(TAG, "startUsingNetworkFeature got Network:" + network);
+                setProcessDefaultNetworkForHostResolution(network);
+            }
+            @Override
+            public void onLost(Network network) {
+                if (network.equals(currentNetwork)) clearDnsBinding();
+                Log.d(TAG, "startUsingNetworkFeature lost Network:" + network);
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    private static final HashMap<NetworkCapabilities, LegacyRequest> sLegacyRequests =
+            new HashMap<>();
+
+    private NetworkRequest findRequestForFeature(NetworkCapabilities netCap) {
+        synchronized (sLegacyRequests) {
+            LegacyRequest l = sLegacyRequests.get(netCap);
+            if (l != null) return l.networkRequest;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private void renewRequestLocked(LegacyRequest l) {
+        l.expireSequenceNumber++;
+        Log.d(TAG, "renewing request to seqNum " + l.expireSequenceNumber);
+        sendExpireMsgForFeature(l.networkCapabilities, l.expireSequenceNumber, l.delay);
+    }
+
+    private void expireRequest(NetworkCapabilities netCap, int sequenceNum) {
+        int ourSeqNum = -1;
+        synchronized (sLegacyRequests) {
+            LegacyRequest l = sLegacyRequests.get(netCap);
+            if (l == null) return;
+            ourSeqNum = l.expireSequenceNumber;
+            if (l.expireSequenceNumber == sequenceNum) removeRequestForFeature(netCap);
+        }
+        Log.d(TAG, "expireRequest with " + ourSeqNum + ", " + sequenceNum);
+    }
+
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    private NetworkRequest requestNetworkForFeatureLocked(NetworkCapabilities netCap) {
+        int delay = -1;
+        int type = legacyTypeForNetworkCapabilities(netCap);
+        try {
+            delay = mService.getRestoreDefaultNetworkDelay(type);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+        LegacyRequest l = new LegacyRequest();
+        l.networkCapabilities = netCap;
+        l.delay = delay;
+        l.expireSequenceNumber = 0;
+        l.networkRequest = sendRequestForNetwork(
+                netCap, l.networkCallback, 0, REQUEST, type, getDefaultHandler());
+        if (l.networkRequest == null) return null;
+        sLegacyRequests.put(netCap, l);
+        sendExpireMsgForFeature(netCap, l.expireSequenceNumber, delay);
+        return l.networkRequest;
+    }
+
+    private void sendExpireMsgForFeature(NetworkCapabilities netCap, int seqNum, int delay) {
+        if (delay >= 0) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "sending expire msg with seqNum " + seqNum + " and delay " + delay);
+            CallbackHandler handler = getDefaultHandler();
+            Message msg = handler.obtainMessage(EXPIRE_LEGACY_REQUEST, seqNum, 0, netCap);
+            handler.sendMessageDelayed(msg, delay);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    private boolean removeRequestForFeature(NetworkCapabilities netCap) {
+        final LegacyRequest l;
+        synchronized (sLegacyRequests) {
+            l = sLegacyRequests.remove(netCap);
+        }
+        if (l == null) return false;
+        unregisterNetworkCallback(l.networkCallback);
+        l.clearDnsBinding();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private static final SparseIntArray sLegacyTypeToTransport = new SparseIntArray();
+    static {
+        sLegacyTypeToTransport.put(TYPE_MOBILE,       NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        sLegacyTypeToTransport.put(TYPE_MOBILE_CBS,   NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        sLegacyTypeToTransport.put(TYPE_MOBILE_DUN,   NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        sLegacyTypeToTransport.put(TYPE_MOBILE_FOTA,  NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        sLegacyTypeToTransport.put(TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI, NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        sLegacyTypeToTransport.put(TYPE_MOBILE_IMS,   NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        sLegacyTypeToTransport.put(TYPE_MOBILE_MMS,   NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        sLegacyTypeToTransport.put(TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL,  NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        sLegacyTypeToTransport.put(TYPE_WIFI,         NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        sLegacyTypeToTransport.put(TYPE_WIFI_P2P,     NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        sLegacyTypeToTransport.put(TYPE_BLUETOOTH,    NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH);
+        sLegacyTypeToTransport.put(TYPE_ETHERNET,     NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET);
+    }
+
+    private static final SparseIntArray sLegacyTypeToCapability = new SparseIntArray();
+    static {
+        sLegacyTypeToCapability.put(TYPE_MOBILE_CBS,  NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_CBS);
+        sLegacyTypeToCapability.put(TYPE_MOBILE_DUN,  NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_DUN);
+        sLegacyTypeToCapability.put(TYPE_MOBILE_FOTA, NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_FOTA);
+        sLegacyTypeToCapability.put(TYPE_MOBILE_IMS,  NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_IMS);
+        sLegacyTypeToCapability.put(TYPE_MOBILE_MMS,  NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_MMS);
+        sLegacyTypeToCapability.put(TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL, NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_SUPL);
+        sLegacyTypeToCapability.put(TYPE_WIFI_P2P,    NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_WIFI_P2P);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Given a legacy type (TYPE_WIFI, ...) returns a NetworkCapabilities
+     * instance suitable for registering a request or callback.  Throws an
+     * IllegalArgumentException if no mapping from the legacy type to
+     * NetworkCapabilities is known.
+     *
+     * @deprecated Types are deprecated. Use {@link NetworkCallback} or {@link NetworkRequest}
+     *     to find the network instead.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilitiesForType(int type) {
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities();
+
+        // Map from type to transports.
+        final int NOT_FOUND = -1;
+        final int transport = sLegacyTypeToTransport.get(type, NOT_FOUND);
+        if (transport == NOT_FOUND) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("unknown legacy type: " + type);
+        }
+        nc.addTransportType(transport);
+
+        // Map from type to capabilities.
+        nc.addCapability(sLegacyTypeToCapability.get(
+                type, NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET));
+        nc.maybeMarkCapabilitiesRestricted();
+        return nc;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public static class PacketKeepaliveCallback {
+        @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+        public PacketKeepaliveCallback() {
+        }
+        /** The requested keepalive was successfully started. */
+        @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+        public void onStarted() {}
+        /** The keepalive was successfully stopped. */
+        @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+        public void onStopped() {}
+        /** An error occurred. */
+        @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+        public void onError(int error) {}
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Allows applications to request that the system periodically send specific packets on their
+     * behalf, using hardware offload to save battery power.
+     *
+     * To request that the system send keepalives, call one of the methods that return a
+     * {@link ConnectivityManager.PacketKeepalive} object, such as {@link #startNattKeepalive},
+     * passing in a non-null callback. If the callback is successfully started, the callback's
+     * {@code onStarted} method will be called. If an error occurs, {@code onError} will be called,
+     * specifying one of the {@code ERROR_*} constants in this class.
+     *
+     * To stop an existing keepalive, call {@link PacketKeepalive#stop}. The system will call
+     * {@link PacketKeepaliveCallback#onStopped} if the operation was successful or
+     * {@link PacketKeepaliveCallback#onError} if an error occurred.
+     *
+     * @deprecated Use {@link SocketKeepalive} instead.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public class PacketKeepalive {
+
+        private static final String TAG = "PacketKeepalive";
+
+        /** @hide */
+        public static final int SUCCESS = 0;
+
+        /** @hide */
+        public static final int NO_KEEPALIVE = -1;
+
+        /** @hide */
+        public static final int BINDER_DIED = -10;
+
+        /** The specified {@code Network} is not connected. */
+        public static final int ERROR_INVALID_NETWORK = -20;
+        /** The specified IP addresses are invalid. For example, the specified source IP address is
+          * not configured on the specified {@code Network}. */
+        public static final int ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS = -21;
+        /** The requested port is invalid. */
+        public static final int ERROR_INVALID_PORT = -22;
+        /** The packet length is invalid (e.g., too long). */
+        public static final int ERROR_INVALID_LENGTH = -23;
+        /** The packet transmission interval is invalid (e.g., too short). */
+        public static final int ERROR_INVALID_INTERVAL = -24;
+
+        /** The hardware does not support this request. */
+        public static final int ERROR_HARDWARE_UNSUPPORTED = -30;
+        /** The hardware returned an error. */
+        public static final int ERROR_HARDWARE_ERROR = -31;
+
+        /** The NAT-T destination port for IPsec */
+        public static final int NATT_PORT = 4500;
+
+        /** The minimum interval in seconds between keepalive packet transmissions */
+        public static final int MIN_INTERVAL = 10;
+
+        private final Network mNetwork;
+        private final ISocketKeepaliveCallback mCallback;
+        private final ExecutorService mExecutor;
+
+        private volatile Integer mSlot;
+
+        @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+        public void stop() {
+            try {
+                mExecutor.execute(() -> {
+                    try {
+                        if (mSlot != null) {
+                            mService.stopKeepalive(mNetwork, mSlot);
+                        }
+                    } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                        Log.e(TAG, "Error stopping packet keepalive: ", e);
+                        throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+                    }
+                });
+            } catch (RejectedExecutionException e) {
+                // The internal executor has already stopped due to previous event.
+            }
+        }
+
+        private PacketKeepalive(Network network, PacketKeepaliveCallback callback) {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(network, "network cannot be null");
+            Objects.requireNonNull(callback, "callback cannot be null");
+            mNetwork = network;
+            mExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
+            mCallback = new ISocketKeepaliveCallback.Stub() {
+                @Override
+                public void onStarted(int slot) {
+                    final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+                    try {
+                        mExecutor.execute(() -> {
+                            mSlot = slot;
+                            callback.onStarted();
+                        });
+                    } finally {
+                        Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public void onStopped() {
+                    final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+                    try {
+                        mExecutor.execute(() -> {
+                            mSlot = null;
+                            callback.onStopped();
+                        });
+                    } finally {
+                        Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
+                    }
+                    mExecutor.shutdown();
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public void onError(int error) {
+                    final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+                    try {
+                        mExecutor.execute(() -> {
+                            mSlot = null;
+                            callback.onError(error);
+                        });
+                    } finally {
+                        Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
+                    }
+                    mExecutor.shutdown();
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public void onDataReceived() {
+                    // PacketKeepalive is only used for Nat-T keepalive and as such does not invoke
+                    // this callback when data is received.
+                }
+            };
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Starts an IPsec NAT-T keepalive packet with the specified parameters.
+     *
+     * @deprecated Use {@link #createSocketKeepalive} instead.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    public PacketKeepalive startNattKeepalive(
+            Network network, int intervalSeconds, PacketKeepaliveCallback callback,
+            InetAddress srcAddr, int srcPort, InetAddress dstAddr) {
+        final PacketKeepalive k = new PacketKeepalive(network, callback);
+        try {
+            mService.startNattKeepalive(network, intervalSeconds, k.mCallback,
+                    srcAddr.getHostAddress(), srcPort, dstAddr.getHostAddress());
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Error starting packet keepalive: ", e);
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+        return k;
+    }
+
+    // Construct an invalid fd.
+    private ParcelFileDescriptor createInvalidFd() {
+        final int invalidFd = -1;
+        return ParcelFileDescriptor.adoptFd(invalidFd);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Request that keepalives be started on a IPsec NAT-T socket.
+     *
+     * @param network The {@link Network} the socket is on.
+     * @param socket The socket that needs to be kept alive.
+     * @param source The source address of the {@link UdpEncapsulationSocket}.
+     * @param destination The destination address of the {@link UdpEncapsulationSocket}.
+     * @param executor The executor on which callback will be invoked. The provided {@link Executor}
+     *                 must run callback sequentially, otherwise the order of callbacks cannot be
+     *                 guaranteed.
+     * @param callback A {@link SocketKeepalive.Callback}. Used for notifications about keepalive
+     *        changes. Must be extended by applications that use this API.
+     *
+     * @return A {@link SocketKeepalive} object that can be used to control the keepalive on the
+     *         given socket.
+     **/
+    public @NonNull SocketKeepalive createSocketKeepalive(@NonNull Network network,
+            @NonNull UdpEncapsulationSocket socket,
+            @NonNull InetAddress source,
+            @NonNull InetAddress destination,
+            @NonNull @CallbackExecutor Executor executor,
+            @NonNull Callback callback) {
+        ParcelFileDescriptor dup;
+        try {
+            // Dup is needed here as the pfd inside the socket is owned by the IpSecService,
+            // which cannot be obtained by the app process.
+            dup = ParcelFileDescriptor.dup(socket.getFileDescriptor());
+        } catch (IOException ignored) {
+            // Construct an invalid fd, so that if the user later calls start(), it will fail with
+            // ERROR_INVALID_SOCKET.
+            dup = createInvalidFd();
+        }
+        return new NattSocketKeepalive(mService, network, dup, socket.getResourceId(), source,
+                destination, executor, callback);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Request that keepalives be started on a IPsec NAT-T socket file descriptor. Directly called
+     * by system apps which don't use IpSecService to create {@link UdpEncapsulationSocket}.
+     *
+     * @param network The {@link Network} the socket is on.
+     * @param pfd The {@link ParcelFileDescriptor} that needs to be kept alive. The provided
+     *        {@link ParcelFileDescriptor} must be bound to a port and the keepalives will be sent
+     *        from that port.
+     * @param source The source address of the {@link UdpEncapsulationSocket}.
+     * @param destination The destination address of the {@link UdpEncapsulationSocket}. The
+     *        keepalive packets will always be sent to port 4500 of the given {@code destination}.
+     * @param executor The executor on which callback will be invoked. The provided {@link Executor}
+     *                 must run callback sequentially, otherwise the order of callbacks cannot be
+     *                 guaranteed.
+     * @param callback A {@link SocketKeepalive.Callback}. Used for notifications about keepalive
+     *        changes. Must be extended by applications that use this API.
+     *
+     * @return A {@link SocketKeepalive} object that can be used to control the keepalive on the
+     *         given socket.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.PACKET_KEEPALIVE_OFFLOAD)
+    public @NonNull SocketKeepalive createNattKeepalive(@NonNull Network network,
+            @NonNull ParcelFileDescriptor pfd,
+            @NonNull InetAddress source,
+            @NonNull InetAddress destination,
+            @NonNull @CallbackExecutor Executor executor,
+            @NonNull Callback callback) {
+        ParcelFileDescriptor dup;
+        try {
+            // TODO: Consider remove unnecessary dup.
+            dup = pfd.dup();
+        } catch (IOException ignored) {
+            // Construct an invalid fd, so that if the user later calls start(), it will fail with
+            // ERROR_INVALID_SOCKET.
+            dup = createInvalidFd();
+        }
+        return new NattSocketKeepalive(mService, network, dup,
+                -1 /* Unused */, source, destination, executor, callback);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Request that keepalives be started on a TCP socket.
+     * The socket must be established.
+     *
+     * @param network The {@link Network} the socket is on.
+     * @param socket The socket that needs to be kept alive.
+     * @param executor The executor on which callback will be invoked. This implementation assumes
+     *                 the provided {@link Executor} runs the callbacks in sequence with no
+     *                 concurrency. Failing this, no guarantee of correctness can be made. It is
+     *                 the responsibility of the caller to ensure the executor provides this
+     *                 guarantee. A simple way of creating such an executor is with the standard
+     *                 tool {@code Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor}.
+     * @param callback A {@link SocketKeepalive.Callback}. Used for notifications about keepalive
+     *        changes. Must be extended by applications that use this API.
+     *
+     * @return A {@link SocketKeepalive} object that can be used to control the keepalive on the
+     *         given socket.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.PACKET_KEEPALIVE_OFFLOAD)
+    public @NonNull SocketKeepalive createSocketKeepalive(@NonNull Network network,
+            @NonNull Socket socket,
+            @NonNull Executor executor,
+            @NonNull Callback callback) {
+        ParcelFileDescriptor dup;
+        try {
+            dup = ParcelFileDescriptor.fromSocket(socket);
+        } catch (UncheckedIOException ignored) {
+            // Construct an invalid fd, so that if the user later calls start(), it will fail with
+            // ERROR_INVALID_SOCKET.
+            dup = createInvalidFd();
+        }
+        return new TcpSocketKeepalive(mService, network, dup, executor, callback);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Ensure that a network route exists to deliver traffic to the specified
+     * host via the specified network interface. An attempt to add a route that
+     * already exists is ignored, but treated as successful.
+     *
+     * <p>This method requires the caller to hold either the
+     * {@link android.Manifest.permission#CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE} permission
+     * or the ability to modify system settings as determined by
+     * {@link android.provider.Settings.System#canWrite}.</p>
+     *
+     * @param networkType the type of the network over which traffic to the specified
+     * host is to be routed
+     * @param hostAddress the IP address of the host to which the route is desired
+     * @return {@code true} on success, {@code false} on failure
+     *
+     * @deprecated Deprecated in favor of the
+     *             {@link #requestNetwork(NetworkRequest, NetworkCallback)},
+     *             {@link #bindProcessToNetwork} and {@link Network#getSocketFactory} API.
+     *             In {@link VERSION_CODES#M}, and above, this method is unsupported and will
+     *             throw {@code UnsupportedOperationException} if called.
+     * @removed
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public boolean requestRouteToHost(int networkType, int hostAddress) {
+        return requestRouteToHostAddress(networkType, NetworkUtils.intToInetAddress(hostAddress));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Ensure that a network route exists to deliver traffic to the specified
+     * host via the specified network interface. An attempt to add a route that
+     * already exists is ignored, but treated as successful.
+     *
+     * <p>This method requires the caller to hold either the
+     * {@link android.Manifest.permission#CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE} permission
+     * or the ability to modify system settings as determined by
+     * {@link android.provider.Settings.System#canWrite}.</p>
+     *
+     * @param networkType the type of the network over which traffic to the specified
+     * host is to be routed
+     * @param hostAddress the IP address of the host to which the route is desired
+     * @return {@code true} on success, {@code false} on failure
+     * @hide
+     * @deprecated Deprecated in favor of the {@link #requestNetwork} and
+     *             {@link #bindProcessToNetwork} API.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public boolean requestRouteToHostAddress(int networkType, InetAddress hostAddress) {
+        checkLegacyRoutingApiAccess();
+        try {
+            return mService.requestRouteToHostAddress(networkType, hostAddress.getAddress(),
+                    mContext.getOpPackageName(), getAttributionTag());
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the context's attribution tag
+     */
+    // TODO: Remove method and replace with direct call once R code is pushed to AOSP
+    private @Nullable String getAttributionTag() {
+        return mContext.getAttributionTag();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the value of the setting for background data usage. If false,
+     * applications should not use the network if the application is not in the
+     * foreground. Developers should respect this setting, and check the value
+     * of this before performing any background data operations.
+     * <p>
+     * All applications that have background services that use the network
+     * should listen to {@link #ACTION_BACKGROUND_DATA_SETTING_CHANGED}.
+     * <p>
+     * @deprecated As of {@link VERSION_CODES#ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH}, availability of
+     * background data depends on several combined factors, and this method will
+     * always return {@code true}. Instead, when background data is unavailable,
+     * {@link #getActiveNetworkInfo()} will now appear disconnected.
+     *
+     * @return Whether background data usage is allowed.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public boolean getBackgroundDataSetting() {
+        // assume that background data is allowed; final authority is
+        // NetworkInfo which may be blocked.
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the value of the setting for background data usage.
+     *
+     * @param allowBackgroundData Whether an application should use data while
+     *            it is in the background.
+     *
+     * @attr ref android.Manifest.permission#CHANGE_BACKGROUND_DATA_SETTING
+     * @see #getBackgroundDataSetting()
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public void setBackgroundDataSetting(boolean allowBackgroundData) {
+        // ignored
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     * @deprecated Talk to TelephonyManager directly
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public boolean getMobileDataEnabled() {
+        TelephonyManager tm = mContext.getSystemService(TelephonyManager.class);
+        if (tm != null) {
+            int subId = SubscriptionManager.getDefaultDataSubscriptionId();
+            Log.d("ConnectivityManager", "getMobileDataEnabled()+ subId=" + subId);
+            boolean retVal = tm.createForSubscriptionId(subId).isDataEnabled();
+            Log.d("ConnectivityManager", "getMobileDataEnabled()- subId=" + subId
+                    + " retVal=" + retVal);
+            return retVal;
+        }
+        Log.d("ConnectivityManager", "getMobileDataEnabled()- remote exception retVal=false");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Callback for use with {@link ConnectivityManager#addDefaultNetworkActiveListener}
+     * to find out when the system default network has gone in to a high power state.
+     */
+    public interface OnNetworkActiveListener {
+        /**
+         * Called on the main thread of the process to report that the current data network
+         * has become active, and it is now a good time to perform any pending network
+         * operations.  Note that this listener only tells you when the network becomes
+         * active; if at any other time you want to know whether it is active (and thus okay
+         * to initiate network traffic), you can retrieve its instantaneous state with
+         * {@link ConnectivityManager#isDefaultNetworkActive}.
+         */
+        void onNetworkActive();
+    }
+
+    @GuardedBy("mNetworkActivityListeners")
+    private final ArrayMap<OnNetworkActiveListener, INetworkActivityListener>
+            mNetworkActivityListeners = new ArrayMap<>();
+
+    /**
+     * Start listening to reports when the system's default data network is active, meaning it is
+     * a good time to perform network traffic.  Use {@link #isDefaultNetworkActive()}
+     * to determine the current state of the system's default network after registering the
+     * listener.
+     * <p>
+     * If the process default network has been set with
+     * {@link ConnectivityManager#bindProcessToNetwork} this function will not
+     * reflect the process's default, but the system default.
+     *
+     * @param l The listener to be told when the network is active.
+     */
+    public void addDefaultNetworkActiveListener(final OnNetworkActiveListener l) {
+        final INetworkActivityListener rl = new INetworkActivityListener.Stub() {
+            @Override
+            public void onNetworkActive() throws RemoteException {
+                l.onNetworkActive();
+            }
+        };
+
+        synchronized (mNetworkActivityListeners) {
+            try {
+                mService.registerNetworkActivityListener(rl);
+                mNetworkActivityListeners.put(l, rl);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove network active listener previously registered with
+     * {@link #addDefaultNetworkActiveListener}.
+     *
+     * @param l Previously registered listener.
+     */
+    public void removeDefaultNetworkActiveListener(@NonNull OnNetworkActiveListener l) {
+        synchronized (mNetworkActivityListeners) {
+            final INetworkActivityListener rl = mNetworkActivityListeners.get(l);
+            if (rl == null) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Listener was not registered.");
+            }
+            try {
+                mService.unregisterNetworkActivityListener(rl);
+                mNetworkActivityListeners.remove(l);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return whether the data network is currently active.  An active network means that
+     * it is currently in a high power state for performing data transmission.  On some
+     * types of networks, it may be expensive to move and stay in such a state, so it is
+     * more power efficient to batch network traffic together when the radio is already in
+     * this state.  This method tells you whether right now is currently a good time to
+     * initiate network traffic, as the network is already active.
+     */
+    public boolean isDefaultNetworkActive() {
+        try {
+            return mService.isDefaultNetworkActive();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    public ConnectivityManager(Context context, IConnectivityManager service) {
+        mContext = Objects.requireNonNull(context, "missing context");
+        mService = Objects.requireNonNull(service, "missing IConnectivityManager");
+        sInstance = this;
+    }
+
+    /** {@hide} */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public static ConnectivityManager from(Context context) {
+        return (ConnectivityManager) context.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public NetworkRequest getDefaultRequest() {
+        try {
+            // This is not racy as the default request is final in ConnectivityService.
+            return mService.getDefaultRequest();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if the package is a allowed to write settings. This also accounts that such an access
+     * happened.
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} iff the package is allowed to write settings.
+     */
+    // TODO: Remove method and replace with direct call once R code is pushed to AOSP
+    private static boolean checkAndNoteWriteSettingsOperation(@NonNull Context context, int uid,
+            @NonNull String callingPackage, @Nullable String callingAttributionTag,
+            boolean throwException) {
+        return Settings.checkAndNoteWriteSettingsOperation(context, uid, callingPackage,
+                callingAttributionTag, throwException);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @deprecated - use getSystemService. This is a kludge to support static access in certain
+     *               situations where a Context pointer is unavailable.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    static ConnectivityManager getInstanceOrNull() {
+        return sInstance;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @deprecated - use getSystemService. This is a kludge to support static access in certain
+     *               situations where a Context pointer is unavailable.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    private static ConnectivityManager getInstance() {
+        if (getInstanceOrNull() == null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("No ConnectivityManager yet constructed");
+        }
+        return getInstanceOrNull();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the set of tetherable, available interfaces.  This list is limited by
+     * device configuration and current interface existence.
+     *
+     * @return an array of 0 or more Strings of tetherable interface names.
+     *
+     * @deprecated Use {@link TetheringEventCallback#onTetherableInterfacesChanged(List)} instead.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    @Deprecated
+    public String[] getTetherableIfaces() {
+        return getTetheringManager().getTetherableIfaces();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the set of tethered interfaces.
+     *
+     * @return an array of 0 or more String of currently tethered interface names.
+     *
+     * @deprecated Use {@link TetheringEventCallback#onTetherableInterfacesChanged(List)} instead.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    @Deprecated
+    public String[] getTetheredIfaces() {
+        return getTetheringManager().getTetheredIfaces();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the set of interface names which attempted to tether but
+     * failed.  Re-attempting to tether may cause them to reset to the Tethered
+     * state.  Alternatively, causing the interface to be destroyed and recreated
+     * may cause them to reset to the available state.
+     * {@link ConnectivityManager#getLastTetherError} can be used to get more
+     * information on the cause of the errors.
+     *
+     * @return an array of 0 or more String indicating the interface names
+     *        which failed to tether.
+     *
+     * @deprecated Use {@link TetheringEventCallback#onError(String, int)} instead.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    @Deprecated
+    public String[] getTetheringErroredIfaces() {
+        return getTetheringManager().getTetheringErroredIfaces();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the set of tethered dhcp ranges.
+     *
+     * @deprecated This method is not supported.
+     * TODO: remove this function when all of clients are removed.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS)
+    @Deprecated
+    public String[] getTetheredDhcpRanges() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("getTetheredDhcpRanges is not supported");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Attempt to tether the named interface.  This will setup a dhcp server
+     * on the interface, forward and NAT IP packets and forward DNS requests
+     * to the best active upstream network interface.  Note that if no upstream
+     * IP network interface is available, dhcp will still run and traffic will be
+     * allowed between the tethered devices and this device, though upstream net
+     * access will of course fail until an upstream network interface becomes
+     * active.
+     *
+     * <p>This method requires the caller to hold either the
+     * {@link android.Manifest.permission#CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE} permission
+     * or the ability to modify system settings as determined by
+     * {@link android.provider.Settings.System#canWrite}.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>WARNING: New clients should not use this function. The only usages should be in PanService
+     * and WifiStateMachine which need direct access. All other clients should use
+     * {@link #startTethering} and {@link #stopTethering} which encapsulate proper provisioning
+     * logic.</p>
+     *
+     * @param iface the interface name to tether.
+     * @return error a {@code TETHER_ERROR} value indicating success or failure type
+     * @deprecated Use {@link TetheringManager#startTethering} instead
+     *
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    @Deprecated
+    public int tether(String iface) {
+        return getTetheringManager().tether(iface);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stop tethering the named interface.
+     *
+     * <p>This method requires the caller to hold either the
+     * {@link android.Manifest.permission#CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE} permission
+     * or the ability to modify system settings as determined by
+     * {@link android.provider.Settings.System#canWrite}.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>WARNING: New clients should not use this function. The only usages should be in PanService
+     * and WifiStateMachine which need direct access. All other clients should use
+     * {@link #startTethering} and {@link #stopTethering} which encapsulate proper provisioning
+     * logic.</p>
+     *
+     * @param iface the interface name to untether.
+     * @return error a {@code TETHER_ERROR} value indicating success or failure type
+     *
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    @Deprecated
+    public int untether(String iface) {
+        return getTetheringManager().untether(iface);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if the device allows for tethering.  It may be disabled via
+     * {@code ro.tether.denied} system property, Settings.TETHER_SUPPORTED or
+     * due to device configuration.
+     *
+     * <p>If this app does not have permission to use this API, it will always
+     * return false rather than throw an exception.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>If the device has a hotspot provisioning app, the caller is required to hold the
+     * {@link android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED} permission.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Otherwise, this method requires the caller to hold the ability to modify system
+     * settings as determined by {@link android.provider.Settings.System#canWrite}.</p>
+     *
+     * @return a boolean - {@code true} indicating Tethering is supported.
+     *
+     * @deprecated Use {@link TetheringEventCallback#onTetheringSupported(boolean)} instead.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED,
+            android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS})
+    public boolean isTetheringSupported() {
+        return getTetheringManager().isTetheringSupported();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Callback for use with {@link #startTethering} to find out whether tethering succeeded.
+     *
+     * @deprecated Use {@link TetheringManager.StartTetheringCallback} instead.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    @Deprecated
+    public static abstract class OnStartTetheringCallback {
+        /**
+         * Called when tethering has been successfully started.
+         */
+        public void onTetheringStarted() {}
+
+        /**
+         * Called when starting tethering failed.
+         */
+        public void onTetheringFailed() {}
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenient overload for
+     * {@link #startTethering(int, boolean, OnStartTetheringCallback, Handler)} which passes a null
+     * handler to run on the current thread's {@link Looper}.
+     *
+     * @deprecated Use {@link TetheringManager#startTethering} instead.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    @Deprecated
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED)
+    public void startTethering(int type, boolean showProvisioningUi,
+            final OnStartTetheringCallback callback) {
+        startTethering(type, showProvisioningUi, callback, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Runs tether provisioning for the given type if needed and then starts tethering if
+     * the check succeeds. If no carrier provisioning is required for tethering, tethering is
+     * enabled immediately. If provisioning fails, tethering will not be enabled. It also
+     * schedules tether provisioning re-checks if appropriate.
+     *
+     * @param type The type of tethering to start. Must be one of
+     *         {@link ConnectivityManager.TETHERING_WIFI},
+     *         {@link ConnectivityManager.TETHERING_USB}, or
+     *         {@link ConnectivityManager.TETHERING_BLUETOOTH}.
+     * @param showProvisioningUi a boolean indicating to show the provisioning app UI if there
+     *         is one. This should be true the first time this function is called and also any time
+     *         the user can see this UI. It gives users information from their carrier about the
+     *         check failing and how they can sign up for tethering if possible.
+     * @param callback an {@link OnStartTetheringCallback} which will be called to notify the caller
+     *         of the result of trying to tether.
+     * @param handler {@link Handler} to specify the thread upon which the callback will be invoked.
+     *
+     * @deprecated Use {@link TetheringManager#startTethering} instead.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    @Deprecated
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED)
+    public void startTethering(int type, boolean showProvisioningUi,
+            final OnStartTetheringCallback callback, Handler handler) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(callback, "OnStartTetheringCallback cannot be null.");
+
+        final Executor executor = new Executor() {
+            @Override
+            public void execute(Runnable command) {
+                if (handler == null) {
+                    command.run();
+                } else {
+                    handler.post(command);
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        final StartTetheringCallback tetheringCallback = new StartTetheringCallback() {
+            @Override
+            public void onTetheringStarted() {
+                callback.onTetheringStarted();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void onTetheringFailed(final int error) {
+                callback.onTetheringFailed();
+            }
+        };
+
+        final TetheringRequest request = new TetheringRequest.Builder(type)
+                .setShouldShowEntitlementUi(showProvisioningUi).build();
+
+        getTetheringManager().startTethering(request, executor, tetheringCallback);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stops tethering for the given type. Also cancels any provisioning rechecks for that type if
+     * applicable.
+     *
+     * @param type The type of tethering to stop. Must be one of
+     *         {@link ConnectivityManager.TETHERING_WIFI},
+     *         {@link ConnectivityManager.TETHERING_USB}, or
+     *         {@link ConnectivityManager.TETHERING_BLUETOOTH}.
+     *
+     * @deprecated Use {@link TetheringManager#stopTethering} instead.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    @Deprecated
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED)
+    public void stopTethering(int type) {
+        getTetheringManager().stopTethering(type);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Callback for use with {@link registerTetheringEventCallback} to find out tethering
+     * upstream status.
+     *
+     * @deprecated Use {@link TetheringManager#OnTetheringEventCallback} instead.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    @Deprecated
+    public abstract static class OnTetheringEventCallback {
+
+        /**
+         * Called when tethering upstream changed. This can be called multiple times and can be
+         * called any time.
+         *
+         * @param network the {@link Network} of tethering upstream. Null means tethering doesn't
+         * have any upstream.
+         */
+        public void onUpstreamChanged(@Nullable Network network) {}
+    }
+
+    @GuardedBy("mTetheringEventCallbacks")
+    private final ArrayMap<OnTetheringEventCallback, TetheringEventCallback>
+            mTetheringEventCallbacks = new ArrayMap<>();
+
+    /**
+     * Start listening to tethering change events. Any new added callback will receive the last
+     * tethering status right away. If callback is registered when tethering has no upstream or
+     * disabled, {@link OnTetheringEventCallback#onUpstreamChanged} will immediately be called
+     * with a null argument. The same callback object cannot be registered twice.
+     *
+     * @param executor the executor on which callback will be invoked.
+     * @param callback the callback to be called when tethering has change events.
+     *
+     * @deprecated Use {@link TetheringManager#registerTetheringEventCallback} instead.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    @Deprecated
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED)
+    public void registerTetheringEventCallback(
+            @NonNull @CallbackExecutor Executor executor,
+            @NonNull final OnTetheringEventCallback callback) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(callback, "OnTetheringEventCallback cannot be null.");
+
+        final TetheringEventCallback tetherCallback =
+                new TetheringEventCallback() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onUpstreamChanged(@Nullable Network network) {
+                        callback.onUpstreamChanged(network);
+                    }
+                };
+
+        synchronized (mTetheringEventCallbacks) {
+            mTetheringEventCallbacks.put(callback, tetherCallback);
+            getTetheringManager().registerTetheringEventCallback(executor, tetherCallback);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove tethering event callback previously registered with
+     * {@link #registerTetheringEventCallback}.
+     *
+     * @param callback previously registered callback.
+     *
+     * @deprecated Use {@link TetheringManager#unregisterTetheringEventCallback} instead.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    @Deprecated
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED)
+    public void unregisterTetheringEventCallback(
+            @NonNull final OnTetheringEventCallback callback) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(callback, "The callback must be non-null");
+        synchronized (mTetheringEventCallbacks) {
+            final TetheringEventCallback tetherCallback =
+                    mTetheringEventCallbacks.remove(callback);
+            getTetheringManager().unregisterTetheringEventCallback(tetherCallback);
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Get the list of regular expressions that define any tetherable
+     * USB network interfaces.  If USB tethering is not supported by the
+     * device, this list should be empty.
+     *
+     * @return an array of 0 or more regular expression Strings defining
+     *        what interfaces are considered tetherable usb interfaces.
+     *
+     * @deprecated Use {@link TetheringEventCallback#onTetherableInterfaceRegexpsChanged} instead.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    @Deprecated
+    public String[] getTetherableUsbRegexs() {
+        return getTetheringManager().getTetherableUsbRegexs();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the list of regular expressions that define any tetherable
+     * Wifi network interfaces.  If Wifi tethering is not supported by the
+     * device, this list should be empty.
+     *
+     * @return an array of 0 or more regular expression Strings defining
+     *        what interfaces are considered tetherable wifi interfaces.
+     *
+     * @deprecated Use {@link TetheringEventCallback#onTetherableInterfaceRegexpsChanged} instead.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    @Deprecated
+    public String[] getTetherableWifiRegexs() {
+        return getTetheringManager().getTetherableWifiRegexs();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the list of regular expressions that define any tetherable
+     * Bluetooth network interfaces.  If Bluetooth tethering is not supported by the
+     * device, this list should be empty.
+     *
+     * @return an array of 0 or more regular expression Strings defining
+     *        what interfaces are considered tetherable bluetooth interfaces.
+     *
+     * @deprecated Use {@link TetheringEventCallback#onTetherableInterfaceRegexpsChanged(
+     *TetheringManager.TetheringInterfaceRegexps)} instead.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    @Deprecated
+    public String[] getTetherableBluetoothRegexs() {
+        return getTetheringManager().getTetherableBluetoothRegexs();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Attempt to both alter the mode of USB and Tethering of USB.  A
+     * utility method to deal with some of the complexity of USB - will
+     * attempt to switch to Rndis and subsequently tether the resulting
+     * interface on {@code true} or turn off tethering and switch off
+     * Rndis on {@code false}.
+     *
+     * <p>This method requires the caller to hold either the
+     * {@link android.Manifest.permission#CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE} permission
+     * or the ability to modify system settings as determined by
+     * {@link android.provider.Settings.System#canWrite}.</p>
+     *
+     * @param enable a boolean - {@code true} to enable tethering
+     * @return error a {@code TETHER_ERROR} value indicating success or failure type
+     * @deprecated Use {@link TetheringManager#startTethering} instead
+     *
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    @Deprecated
+    public int setUsbTethering(boolean enable) {
+        return getTetheringManager().setUsbTethering(enable);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @deprecated Use {@link TetheringManager#TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR}.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final int TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR = 0;
+    /**
+     * @deprecated Use {@link TetheringManager#TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_IFACE}.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_IFACE =
+            TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_IFACE;
+    /**
+     * @deprecated Use {@link TetheringManager#TETHER_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAIL}.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final int TETHER_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAIL =
+            TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAIL;
+    /**
+     * @deprecated Use {@link TetheringManager#TETHER_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED}.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED = TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED;
+    /**
+     * @deprecated Use {@link TetheringManager#TETHER_ERROR_UNAVAIL_IFACE}.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNAVAIL_IFACE =
+            TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_UNAVAIL_IFACE;
+    /**
+     * @deprecated Use {@link TetheringManager#TETHER_ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR}.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final int TETHER_ERROR_MASTER_ERROR =
+            TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+    /**
+     * @deprecated Use {@link TetheringManager#TETHER_ERROR_TETHER_IFACE_ERROR}.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final int TETHER_ERROR_TETHER_IFACE_ERROR =
+            TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_TETHER_IFACE_ERROR;
+    /**
+     * @deprecated Use {@link TetheringManager#TETHER_ERROR_UNTETHER_IFACE_ERROR}.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNTETHER_IFACE_ERROR =
+            TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_UNTETHER_IFACE_ERROR;
+    /**
+     * @deprecated Use {@link TetheringManager#TETHER_ERROR_ENABLE_FORWARDING_ERROR}.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final int TETHER_ERROR_ENABLE_NAT_ERROR =
+            TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_ENABLE_FORWARDING_ERROR;
+    /**
+     * @deprecated Use {@link TetheringManager#TETHER_ERROR_DISABLE_FORWARDING_ERROR}.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final int TETHER_ERROR_DISABLE_NAT_ERROR =
+            TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_DISABLE_FORWARDING_ERROR;
+    /**
+     * @deprecated Use {@link TetheringManager#TETHER_ERROR_IFACE_CFG_ERROR}.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final int TETHER_ERROR_IFACE_CFG_ERROR =
+            TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_IFACE_CFG_ERROR;
+    /**
+     * @deprecated Use {@link TetheringManager#TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED}.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final int TETHER_ERROR_PROVISION_FAILED = 11;
+    /**
+     * @deprecated Use {@link TetheringManager#TETHER_ERROR_DHCPSERVER_ERROR}.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final int TETHER_ERROR_DHCPSERVER_ERROR =
+            TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_DHCPSERVER_ERROR;
+    /**
+     * @deprecated Use {@link TetheringManager#TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKNOWN}.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final int TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKONWN = 13;
+
+    /**
+     * Get a more detailed error code after a Tethering or Untethering
+     * request asynchronously failed.
+     *
+     * @param iface The name of the interface of interest
+     * @return error The error code of the last error tethering or untethering the named
+     *               interface
+     *
+     * @deprecated Use {@link TetheringEventCallback#onError(String, int)} instead.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    @Deprecated
+    public int getLastTetherError(String iface) {
+        int error = getTetheringManager().getLastTetherError(iface);
+        if (error == TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_TYPE) {
+            // TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_TYPE was introduced with TetheringManager and has never been
+            // returned by ConnectivityManager. Convert it to the legacy TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_IFACE
+            // instead.
+            error = TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_IFACE;
+        }
+        return error;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(value = {
+            TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR,
+            TETHER_ERROR_PROVISION_FAILED,
+            TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKONWN,
+    })
+    public @interface EntitlementResultCode {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Callback for use with {@link #getLatestTetheringEntitlementResult} to find out whether
+     * entitlement succeeded.
+     *
+     * @deprecated Use {@link TetheringManager#OnTetheringEntitlementResultListener} instead.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    @Deprecated
+    public interface OnTetheringEntitlementResultListener  {
+        /**
+         * Called to notify entitlement result.
+         *
+         * @param resultCode an int value of entitlement result. It may be one of
+         *         {@link #TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR},
+         *         {@link #TETHER_ERROR_PROVISION_FAILED}, or
+         *         {@link #TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKONWN}.
+         */
+        void onTetheringEntitlementResult(@EntitlementResultCode int resultCode);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the last value of the entitlement check on this downstream. If the cached value is
+     * {@link #TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR} or showEntitlementUi argument is false, it just return the
+     * cached value. Otherwise, a UI-based entitlement check would be performed. It is not
+     * guaranteed that the UI-based entitlement check will complete in any specific time period
+     * and may in fact never complete. Any successful entitlement check the platform performs for
+     * any reason will update the cached value.
+     *
+     * @param type the downstream type of tethering. Must be one of
+     *         {@link #TETHERING_WIFI},
+     *         {@link #TETHERING_USB}, or
+     *         {@link #TETHERING_BLUETOOTH}.
+     * @param showEntitlementUi a boolean indicating whether to run UI-based entitlement check.
+     * @param executor the executor on which callback will be invoked.
+     * @param listener an {@link OnTetheringEntitlementResultListener} which will be called to
+     *         notify the caller of the result of entitlement check. The listener may be called zero
+     *         or one time.
+     * @deprecated Use {@link TetheringManager#requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult} instead.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    @Deprecated
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED)
+    public void getLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(int type, boolean showEntitlementUi,
+            @NonNull @CallbackExecutor Executor executor,
+            @NonNull final OnTetheringEntitlementResultListener listener) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(listener, "TetheringEntitlementResultListener cannot be null.");
+        ResultReceiver wrappedListener = new ResultReceiver(null) {
+            @Override
+            protected void onReceiveResult(int resultCode, Bundle resultData) {
+                final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+                try {
+                    executor.execute(() -> {
+                        listener.onTetheringEntitlementResult(resultCode);
+                    });
+                } finally {
+                    Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        getTetheringManager().requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(type, wrappedListener,
+                    showEntitlementUi);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Report network connectivity status.  This is currently used only
+     * to alter status bar UI.
+     * <p>This method requires the caller to hold the permission
+     * {@link android.Manifest.permission#STATUS_BAR}.
+     *
+     * @param networkType The type of network you want to report on
+     * @param percentage The quality of the connection 0 is bad, 100 is good
+     * @deprecated Types are deprecated. Use {@link #reportNetworkConnectivity} instead.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    public void reportInetCondition(int networkType, int percentage) {
+        printStackTrace();
+        try {
+            mService.reportInetCondition(networkType, percentage);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Report a problem network to the framework.  This provides a hint to the system
+     * that there might be connectivity problems on this network and may cause
+     * the framework to re-evaluate network connectivity and/or switch to another
+     * network.
+     *
+     * @param network The {@link Network} the application was attempting to use
+     *                or {@code null} to indicate the current default network.
+     * @deprecated Use {@link #reportNetworkConnectivity} which allows reporting both
+     *             working and non-working connectivity.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public void reportBadNetwork(@Nullable Network network) {
+        printStackTrace();
+        try {
+            // One of these will be ignored because it matches system's current state.
+            // The other will trigger the necessary reevaluation.
+            mService.reportNetworkConnectivity(network, true);
+            mService.reportNetworkConnectivity(network, false);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Report to the framework whether a network has working connectivity.
+     * This provides a hint to the system that a particular network is providing
+     * working connectivity or not.  In response the framework may re-evaluate
+     * the network's connectivity and might take further action thereafter.
+     *
+     * @param network The {@link Network} the application was attempting to use
+     *                or {@code null} to indicate the current default network.
+     * @param hasConnectivity {@code true} if the application was able to successfully access the
+     *                        Internet using {@code network} or {@code false} if not.
+     */
+    public void reportNetworkConnectivity(@Nullable Network network, boolean hasConnectivity) {
+        printStackTrace();
+        try {
+            mService.reportNetworkConnectivity(network, hasConnectivity);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set a network-independent global HTTP proxy.
+     *
+     * This sets an HTTP proxy that applies to all networks and overrides any network-specific
+     * proxy. If set, HTTP libraries that are proxy-aware will use this global proxy when
+     * accessing any network, regardless of what the settings for that network are.
+     *
+     * Note that HTTP proxies are by nature typically network-dependent, and setting a global
+     * proxy is likely to break networking on multiple networks. This method is only meant
+     * for device policy clients looking to do general internal filtering or similar use cases.
+     *
+     * {@see #getGlobalProxy}
+     * {@see LinkProperties#getHttpProxy}
+     *
+     * @param p A {@link ProxyInfo} object defining the new global HTTP proxy. Calling this
+     *          method with a {@code null} value will clear the global HTTP proxy.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    // Used by Device Policy Manager to set the global proxy.
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK)
+    public void setGlobalProxy(@Nullable final ProxyInfo p) {
+        try {
+            mService.setGlobalProxy(p);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieve any network-independent global HTTP proxy.
+     *
+     * @return {@link ProxyInfo} for the current global HTTP proxy or {@code null}
+     *        if no global HTTP proxy is set.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @Nullable
+    public ProxyInfo getGlobalProxy() {
+        try {
+            return mService.getGlobalProxy();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieve the global HTTP proxy, or if no global HTTP proxy is set, a
+     * network-specific HTTP proxy.  If {@code network} is null, the
+     * network-specific proxy returned is the proxy of the default active
+     * network.
+     *
+     * @return {@link ProxyInfo} for the current global HTTP proxy, or if no
+     *         global HTTP proxy is set, {@code ProxyInfo} for {@code network},
+     *         or when {@code network} is {@code null},
+     *         the {@code ProxyInfo} for the default active network.  Returns
+     *         {@code null} when no proxy applies or the caller doesn't have
+     *         permission to use {@code network}.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public ProxyInfo getProxyForNetwork(Network network) {
+        try {
+            return mService.getProxyForNetwork(network);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the current default HTTP proxy settings.  If a global proxy is set it will be returned,
+     * otherwise if this process is bound to a {@link Network} using
+     * {@link #bindProcessToNetwork} then that {@code Network}'s proxy is returned, otherwise
+     * the default network's proxy is returned.
+     *
+     * @return the {@link ProxyInfo} for the current HTTP proxy, or {@code null} if no
+     *        HTTP proxy is active.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public ProxyInfo getDefaultProxy() {
+        return getProxyForNetwork(getBoundNetworkForProcess());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if the hardware supports the given network type
+     * else it returns false.  This doesn't indicate we have coverage
+     * or are authorized onto a network, just whether or not the
+     * hardware supports it.  For example a GSM phone without a SIM
+     * should still return {@code true} for mobile data, but a wifi only
+     * tablet would return {@code false}.
+     *
+     * @param networkType The network type we'd like to check
+     * @return {@code true} if supported, else {@code false}
+     * @deprecated Types are deprecated. Use {@link NetworkCapabilities} instead.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.P, trackingBug = 130143562)
+    public boolean isNetworkSupported(int networkType) {
+        try {
+            return mService.isNetworkSupported(networkType);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns if the currently active data network is metered. A network is
+     * classified as metered when the user is sensitive to heavy data usage on
+     * that connection due to monetary costs, data limitations or
+     * battery/performance issues. You should check this before doing large
+     * data transfers, and warn the user or delay the operation until another
+     * network is available.
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} if large transfers should be avoided, otherwise
+     *        {@code false}.
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
+    public boolean isActiveNetworkMetered() {
+        try {
+            return mService.isActiveNetworkMetered();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set sign in error notification to visible or invisible
+     *
+     * @hide
+     * @deprecated Doesn't properly deal with multiple connected networks of the same type.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public void setProvisioningNotificationVisible(boolean visible, int networkType,
+            String action) {
+        try {
+            mService.setProvisioningNotificationVisible(visible, networkType, action);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the value for enabling/disabling airplane mode
+     *
+     * @param enable whether to enable airplane mode or not
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_AIRPLANE_MODE,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETUP_WIZARD,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK})
+    @SystemApi
+    public void setAirplaneMode(boolean enable) {
+        try {
+            mService.setAirplaneMode(enable);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Registers the specified {@link NetworkProvider}.
+     * Each listener must only be registered once. The listener can be unregistered with
+     * {@link #unregisterNetworkProvider}.
+     *
+     * @param provider the provider to register
+     * @return the ID of the provider. This ID must be used by the provider when registering
+     *         {@link android.net.NetworkAgent}s.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY})
+    public int registerNetworkProvider(@NonNull NetworkProvider provider) {
+        if (provider.getProviderId() != NetworkProvider.ID_NONE) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("NetworkProviders can only be registered once");
+        }
+
+        try {
+            int providerId = mService.registerNetworkProvider(provider.getMessenger(),
+                    provider.getName());
+            provider.setProviderId(providerId);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+        return provider.getProviderId();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unregisters the specified NetworkProvider.
+     *
+     * @param provider the provider to unregister
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY})
+    public void unregisterNetworkProvider(@NonNull NetworkProvider provider) {
+        try {
+            mService.unregisterNetworkProvider(provider.getMessenger());
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+        provider.setProviderId(NetworkProvider.ID_NONE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register or update a network offer with ConnectivityService.
+     *
+     * ConnectivityService keeps track of offers made by the various providers and matches
+     * them to networking requests made by apps or the system. A callback identifies an offer
+     * uniquely, and later calls with the same callback update the offer. The provider supplies a
+     * score and the capabilities of the network it might be able to bring up ; these act as
+     * filters used by ConnectivityService to only send those requests that can be fulfilled by the
+     * provider.
+     *
+     * The provider is under no obligation to be able to bring up the network it offers at any
+     * given time. Instead, this mechanism is meant to limit requests received by providers
+     * to those they actually have a chance to fulfill, as providers don't have a way to compare
+     * the quality of the network satisfying a given request to their own offer.
+     *
+     * An offer can be updated by calling this again with the same callback object. This is
+     * similar to calling unofferNetwork and offerNetwork again, but will only update the
+     * provider with the changes caused by the changes in the offer.
+     *
+     * @param provider The provider making this offer.
+     * @param score The prospective score of the network.
+     * @param caps The prospective capabilities of the network.
+     * @param callback The callback to call when this offer is needed or unneeded.
+     * @hide exposed via the NetworkProvider class.
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY})
+    public void offerNetwork(@NonNull final int providerId,
+            @NonNull final NetworkScore score, @NonNull final NetworkCapabilities caps,
+            @NonNull final INetworkOfferCallback callback) {
+        try {
+            mService.offerNetwork(providerId,
+                    Objects.requireNonNull(score, "null score"),
+                    Objects.requireNonNull(caps, "null caps"),
+                    Objects.requireNonNull(callback, "null callback"));
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Withdraw a network offer made with {@link #offerNetwork}.
+     *
+     * @param callback The callback passed at registration time. This must be the same object
+     *                 that was passed to {@link #offerNetwork}
+     * @hide exposed via the NetworkProvider class.
+     */
+    public void unofferNetwork(@NonNull final INetworkOfferCallback callback) {
+        try {
+            mService.unofferNetwork(Objects.requireNonNull(callback));
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+    /** @hide exposed via the NetworkProvider class. */
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY})
+    public void declareNetworkRequestUnfulfillable(@NonNull NetworkRequest request) {
+        try {
+            mService.declareNetworkRequestUnfulfillable(request);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     * Register a NetworkAgent with ConnectivityService.
+     * @return Network corresponding to NetworkAgent.
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY})
+    public Network registerNetworkAgent(INetworkAgent na, NetworkInfo ni, LinkProperties lp,
+            NetworkCapabilities nc, @NonNull NetworkScore score, NetworkAgentConfig config,
+            int providerId) {
+        try {
+            return mService.registerNetworkAgent(na, ni, lp, nc, score, config, providerId);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Base class for {@code NetworkRequest} callbacks. Used for notifications about network
+     * changes. Should be extended by applications wanting notifications.
+     *
+     * A {@code NetworkCallback} is registered by calling
+     * {@link #requestNetwork(NetworkRequest, NetworkCallback)},
+     * {@link #registerNetworkCallback(NetworkRequest, NetworkCallback)},
+     * or {@link #registerDefaultNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback)}. A {@code NetworkCallback} is
+     * unregistered by calling {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback)}.
+     * A {@code NetworkCallback} should be registered at most once at any time.
+     * A {@code NetworkCallback} that has been unregistered can be registered again.
+     */
+    public static class NetworkCallback {
+        /**
+         * No flags associated with this callback.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        public static final int FLAG_NONE = 0;
+
+        /**
+         * Inclusion of this flag means location-sensitive redaction requests keeping location info.
+         *
+         * Some objects like {@link NetworkCapabilities} may contain location-sensitive information.
+         * Prior to Android 12, this information is always returned to apps holding the appropriate
+         * permission, possibly noting that the app has used location.
+         * <p>In Android 12 and above, by default the sent objects do not contain any location
+         * information, even if the app holds the necessary permissions, and the system does not
+         * take note of location usage by the app. Apps can request that location information is
+         * included, in which case the system will check location permission and the location
+         * toggle state, and take note of location usage by the app if any such information is
+         * returned.
+         *
+         * Use this flag to include any location sensitive data in {@link NetworkCapabilities} sent
+         * via {@link #onCapabilitiesChanged(Network, NetworkCapabilities)}.
+         * <p>
+         * These include:
+         * <li> Some transport info instances (retrieved via
+         * {@link NetworkCapabilities#getTransportInfo()}) like {@link android.net.wifi.WifiInfo}
+         * contain location sensitive information.
+         * <li> OwnerUid (retrieved via {@link NetworkCapabilities#getOwnerUid()} is location
+         * sensitive for wifi suggestor apps (i.e using
+         * {@link android.net.wifi.WifiNetworkSuggestion WifiNetworkSuggestion}).</li>
+         * </p>
+         * <p>
+         * Note:
+         * <li> Retrieving this location sensitive information (subject to app's location
+         * permissions) will be noted by system. </li>
+         * <li> Without this flag any {@link NetworkCapabilities} provided via the callback does
+         * not include location sensitive information.
+         */
+        // Note: Some existing fields which are location sensitive may still be included without
+        // this flag if the app targets SDK < S (to maintain backwards compatibility).
+        public static final int FLAG_INCLUDE_LOCATION_INFO = 1 << 0;
+
+        /** @hide */
+        @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+        @IntDef(flag = true, prefix = "FLAG_", value = {
+                FLAG_NONE,
+                FLAG_INCLUDE_LOCATION_INFO
+        })
+        public @interface Flag { }
+
+        /**
+         * All the valid flags for error checking.
+         */
+        private static final int VALID_FLAGS = FLAG_INCLUDE_LOCATION_INFO;
+
+        public NetworkCallback() {
+            this(FLAG_NONE);
+        }
+
+        public NetworkCallback(@Flag int flags) {
+            if ((flags & VALID_FLAGS) != flags) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid flags");
+            }
+            mFlags = flags;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Called when the framework connects to a new network to evaluate whether it satisfies this
+         * request. If evaluation succeeds, this callback may be followed by an {@link #onAvailable}
+         * callback. There is no guarantee that this new network will satisfy any requests, or that
+         * the network will stay connected for longer than the time necessary to evaluate it.
+         * <p>
+         * Most applications <b>should not</b> act on this callback, and should instead use
+         * {@link #onAvailable}. This callback is intended for use by applications that can assist
+         * the framework in properly evaluating the network &mdash; for example, an application that
+         * can automatically log in to a captive portal without user intervention.
+         *
+         * @param network The {@link Network} of the network that is being evaluated.
+         *
+         * @hide
+         */
+        public void onPreCheck(@NonNull Network network) {}
+
+        /**
+         * Called when the framework connects and has declared a new network ready for use.
+         * This callback may be called more than once if the {@link Network} that is
+         * satisfying the request changes.
+         *
+         * @param network The {@link Network} of the satisfying network.
+         * @param networkCapabilities The {@link NetworkCapabilities} of the satisfying network.
+         * @param linkProperties The {@link LinkProperties} of the satisfying network.
+         * @param blocked Whether access to the {@link Network} is blocked due to system policy.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        public final void onAvailable(@NonNull Network network,
+                @NonNull NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities,
+                @NonNull LinkProperties linkProperties, @BlockedReason int blocked) {
+            // Internally only this method is called when a new network is available, and
+            // it calls the callback in the same way and order that older versions used
+            // to call so as not to change the behavior.
+            onAvailable(network, networkCapabilities, linkProperties, blocked != 0);
+            onBlockedStatusChanged(network, blocked);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Legacy variant of onAvailable that takes a boolean blocked reason.
+         *
+         * This method has never been public API, but it's not final, so there may be apps that
+         * implemented it and rely on it being called. Do our best not to break them.
+         * Note: such apps will also get a second call to onBlockedStatusChanged immediately after
+         * this method is called. There does not seem to be a way to avoid this.
+         * TODO: add a compat check to move apps off this method, and eventually stop calling it.
+         *
+         * @hide
+         */
+        public void onAvailable(@NonNull Network network,
+                @NonNull NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities,
+                @NonNull LinkProperties linkProperties, boolean blocked) {
+            onAvailable(network);
+            if (!networkCapabilities.hasCapability(
+                    NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED)) {
+                onNetworkSuspended(network);
+            }
+            onCapabilitiesChanged(network, networkCapabilities);
+            onLinkPropertiesChanged(network, linkProperties);
+            // No call to onBlockedStatusChanged here. That is done by the caller.
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Called when the framework connects and has declared a new network ready for use.
+         *
+         * <p>For callbacks registered with {@link #registerNetworkCallback}, multiple networks may
+         * be available at the same time, and onAvailable will be called for each of these as they
+         * appear.
+         *
+         * <p>For callbacks registered with {@link #requestNetwork} and
+         * {@link #registerDefaultNetworkCallback}, this means the network passed as an argument
+         * is the new best network for this request and is now tracked by this callback ; this
+         * callback will no longer receive method calls about other networks that may have been
+         * passed to this method previously. The previously-best network may have disconnected, or
+         * it may still be around and the newly-best network may simply be better.
+         *
+         * <p>Starting with {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#O}, this will always immediately
+         * be followed by a call to {@link #onCapabilitiesChanged(Network, NetworkCapabilities)}
+         * then by a call to {@link #onLinkPropertiesChanged(Network, LinkProperties)}, and a call
+         * to {@link #onBlockedStatusChanged(Network, boolean)}.
+         *
+         * <p>Do NOT call {@link #getNetworkCapabilities(Network)} or
+         * {@link #getLinkProperties(Network)} or other synchronous ConnectivityManager methods in
+         * this callback as this is prone to race conditions (there is no guarantee the objects
+         * returned by these methods will be current). Instead, wait for a call to
+         * {@link #onCapabilitiesChanged(Network, NetworkCapabilities)} and
+         * {@link #onLinkPropertiesChanged(Network, LinkProperties)} whose arguments are guaranteed
+         * to be well-ordered with respect to other callbacks.
+         *
+         * @param network The {@link Network} of the satisfying network.
+         */
+        public void onAvailable(@NonNull Network network) {}
+
+        /**
+         * Called when the network is about to be lost, typically because there are no outstanding
+         * requests left for it. This may be paired with a {@link NetworkCallback#onAvailable} call
+         * with the new replacement network for graceful handover. This method is not guaranteed
+         * to be called before {@link NetworkCallback#onLost} is called, for example in case a
+         * network is suddenly disconnected.
+         *
+         * <p>Do NOT call {@link #getNetworkCapabilities(Network)} or
+         * {@link #getLinkProperties(Network)} or other synchronous ConnectivityManager methods in
+         * this callback as this is prone to race conditions ; calling these methods while in a
+         * callback may return an outdated or even a null object.
+         *
+         * @param network The {@link Network} that is about to be lost.
+         * @param maxMsToLive The time in milliseconds the system intends to keep the network
+         *                    connected for graceful handover; note that the network may still
+         *                    suffer a hard loss at any time.
+         */
+        public void onLosing(@NonNull Network network, int maxMsToLive) {}
+
+        /**
+         * Called when a network disconnects or otherwise no longer satisfies this request or
+         * callback.
+         *
+         * <p>If the callback was registered with requestNetwork() or
+         * registerDefaultNetworkCallback(), it will only be invoked against the last network
+         * returned by onAvailable() when that network is lost and no other network satisfies
+         * the criteria of the request.
+         *
+         * <p>If the callback was registered with registerNetworkCallback() it will be called for
+         * each network which no longer satisfies the criteria of the callback.
+         *
+         * <p>Do NOT call {@link #getNetworkCapabilities(Network)} or
+         * {@link #getLinkProperties(Network)} or other synchronous ConnectivityManager methods in
+         * this callback as this is prone to race conditions ; calling these methods while in a
+         * callback may return an outdated or even a null object.
+         *
+         * @param network The {@link Network} lost.
+         */
+        public void onLost(@NonNull Network network) {}
+
+        /**
+         * Called if no network is found within the timeout time specified in
+         * {@link #requestNetwork(NetworkRequest, NetworkCallback, int)} call or if the
+         * requested network request cannot be fulfilled (whether or not a timeout was
+         * specified). When this callback is invoked the associated
+         * {@link NetworkRequest} will have already been removed and released, as if
+         * {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback)} had been called.
+         */
+        public void onUnavailable() {}
+
+        /**
+         * Called when the network corresponding to this request changes capabilities but still
+         * satisfies the requested criteria.
+         *
+         * <p>Starting with {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#O} this method is guaranteed
+         * to be called immediately after {@link #onAvailable}.
+         *
+         * <p>Do NOT call {@link #getLinkProperties(Network)} or other synchronous
+         * ConnectivityManager methods in this callback as this is prone to race conditions :
+         * calling these methods while in a callback may return an outdated or even a null object.
+         *
+         * @param network The {@link Network} whose capabilities have changed.
+         * @param networkCapabilities The new {@link NetworkCapabilities} for this
+         *                            network.
+         */
+        public void onCapabilitiesChanged(@NonNull Network network,
+                @NonNull NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities) {}
+
+        /**
+         * Called when the network corresponding to this request changes {@link LinkProperties}.
+         *
+         * <p>Starting with {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#O} this method is guaranteed
+         * to be called immediately after {@link #onAvailable}.
+         *
+         * <p>Do NOT call {@link #getNetworkCapabilities(Network)} or other synchronous
+         * ConnectivityManager methods in this callback as this is prone to race conditions :
+         * calling these methods while in a callback may return an outdated or even a null object.
+         *
+         * @param network The {@link Network} whose link properties have changed.
+         * @param linkProperties The new {@link LinkProperties} for this network.
+         */
+        public void onLinkPropertiesChanged(@NonNull Network network,
+                @NonNull LinkProperties linkProperties) {}
+
+        /**
+         * Called when the network the framework connected to for this request suspends data
+         * transmission temporarily.
+         *
+         * <p>This generally means that while the TCP connections are still live temporarily
+         * network data fails to transfer. To give a specific example, this is used on cellular
+         * networks to mask temporary outages when driving through a tunnel, etc. In general this
+         * means read operations on sockets on this network will block once the buffers are
+         * drained, and write operations will block once the buffers are full.
+         *
+         * <p>Do NOT call {@link #getNetworkCapabilities(Network)} or
+         * {@link #getLinkProperties(Network)} or other synchronous ConnectivityManager methods in
+         * this callback as this is prone to race conditions (there is no guarantee the objects
+         * returned by these methods will be current).
+         *
+         * @hide
+         */
+        public void onNetworkSuspended(@NonNull Network network) {}
+
+        /**
+         * Called when the network the framework connected to for this request
+         * returns from a {@link NetworkInfo.State#SUSPENDED} state. This should always be
+         * preceded by a matching {@link NetworkCallback#onNetworkSuspended} call.
+
+         * <p>Do NOT call {@link #getNetworkCapabilities(Network)} or
+         * {@link #getLinkProperties(Network)} or other synchronous ConnectivityManager methods in
+         * this callback as this is prone to race conditions : calling these methods while in a
+         * callback may return an outdated or even a null object.
+         *
+         * @hide
+         */
+        public void onNetworkResumed(@NonNull Network network) {}
+
+        /**
+         * Called when access to the specified network is blocked or unblocked.
+         *
+         * <p>Do NOT call {@link #getNetworkCapabilities(Network)} or
+         * {@link #getLinkProperties(Network)} or other synchronous ConnectivityManager methods in
+         * this callback as this is prone to race conditions : calling these methods while in a
+         * callback may return an outdated or even a null object.
+         *
+         * @param network The {@link Network} whose blocked status has changed.
+         * @param blocked The blocked status of this {@link Network}.
+         */
+        public void onBlockedStatusChanged(@NonNull Network network, boolean blocked) {}
+
+        /**
+         * Called when access to the specified network is blocked or unblocked, or the reason for
+         * access being blocked changes.
+         *
+         * If a NetworkCallback object implements this method,
+         * {@link #onBlockedStatusChanged(Network, boolean)} will not be called.
+         *
+         * <p>Do NOT call {@link #getNetworkCapabilities(Network)} or
+         * {@link #getLinkProperties(Network)} or other synchronous ConnectivityManager methods in
+         * this callback as this is prone to race conditions : calling these methods while in a
+         * callback may return an outdated or even a null object.
+         *
+         * @param network The {@link Network} whose blocked status has changed.
+         * @param blocked The blocked status of this {@link Network}.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+        public void onBlockedStatusChanged(@NonNull Network network, @BlockedReason int blocked) {
+            onBlockedStatusChanged(network, blocked != 0);
+        }
+
+        private NetworkRequest networkRequest;
+        private final int mFlags;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constant error codes used by ConnectivityService to communicate about failures and errors
+     * across a Binder boundary.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public interface Errors {
+        int TOO_MANY_REQUESTS = 1;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public static class TooManyRequestsException extends RuntimeException {}
+
+    private static RuntimeException convertServiceException(ServiceSpecificException e) {
+        switch (e.errorCode) {
+            case Errors.TOO_MANY_REQUESTS:
+                return new TooManyRequestsException();
+            default:
+                Log.w(TAG, "Unknown service error code " + e.errorCode);
+                return new RuntimeException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int CALLBACK_PRECHECK            = 1;
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int CALLBACK_AVAILABLE           = 2;
+    /** @hide arg1 = TTL */
+    public static final int CALLBACK_LOSING              = 3;
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int CALLBACK_LOST                = 4;
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int CALLBACK_UNAVAIL             = 5;
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int CALLBACK_CAP_CHANGED         = 6;
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int CALLBACK_IP_CHANGED          = 7;
+    /** @hide obj = NetworkCapabilities, arg1 = seq number */
+    private static final int EXPIRE_LEGACY_REQUEST       = 8;
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int CALLBACK_SUSPENDED           = 9;
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int CALLBACK_RESUMED             = 10;
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int CALLBACK_BLK_CHANGED         = 11;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public static String getCallbackName(int whichCallback) {
+        switch (whichCallback) {
+            case CALLBACK_PRECHECK:     return "CALLBACK_PRECHECK";
+            case CALLBACK_AVAILABLE:    return "CALLBACK_AVAILABLE";
+            case CALLBACK_LOSING:       return "CALLBACK_LOSING";
+            case CALLBACK_LOST:         return "CALLBACK_LOST";
+            case CALLBACK_UNAVAIL:      return "CALLBACK_UNAVAIL";
+            case CALLBACK_CAP_CHANGED:  return "CALLBACK_CAP_CHANGED";
+            case CALLBACK_IP_CHANGED:   return "CALLBACK_IP_CHANGED";
+            case EXPIRE_LEGACY_REQUEST: return "EXPIRE_LEGACY_REQUEST";
+            case CALLBACK_SUSPENDED:    return "CALLBACK_SUSPENDED";
+            case CALLBACK_RESUMED:      return "CALLBACK_RESUMED";
+            case CALLBACK_BLK_CHANGED:  return "CALLBACK_BLK_CHANGED";
+            default:
+                return Integer.toString(whichCallback);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class CallbackHandler extends Handler {
+        private static final String TAG = "ConnectivityManager.CallbackHandler";
+        private static final boolean DBG = false;
+
+        CallbackHandler(Looper looper) {
+            super(looper);
+        }
+
+        CallbackHandler(Handler handler) {
+            this(Objects.requireNonNull(handler, "Handler cannot be null.").getLooper());
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void handleMessage(Message message) {
+            if (message.what == EXPIRE_LEGACY_REQUEST) {
+                expireRequest((NetworkCapabilities) message.obj, message.arg1);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            final NetworkRequest request = getObject(message, NetworkRequest.class);
+            final Network network = getObject(message, Network.class);
+            final NetworkCallback callback;
+            synchronized (sCallbacks) {
+                callback = sCallbacks.get(request);
+                if (callback == null) {
+                    Log.w(TAG,
+                            "callback not found for " + getCallbackName(message.what) + " message");
+                    return;
+                }
+                if (message.what == CALLBACK_UNAVAIL) {
+                    sCallbacks.remove(request);
+                    callback.networkRequest = ALREADY_UNREGISTERED;
+                }
+            }
+            if (DBG) {
+                Log.d(TAG, getCallbackName(message.what) + " for network " + network);
+            }
+
+            switch (message.what) {
+                case CALLBACK_PRECHECK: {
+                    callback.onPreCheck(network);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case CALLBACK_AVAILABLE: {
+                    NetworkCapabilities cap = getObject(message, NetworkCapabilities.class);
+                    LinkProperties lp = getObject(message, LinkProperties.class);
+                    callback.onAvailable(network, cap, lp, message.arg1);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case CALLBACK_LOSING: {
+                    callback.onLosing(network, message.arg1);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case CALLBACK_LOST: {
+                    callback.onLost(network);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case CALLBACK_UNAVAIL: {
+                    callback.onUnavailable();
+                    break;
+                }
+                case CALLBACK_CAP_CHANGED: {
+                    NetworkCapabilities cap = getObject(message, NetworkCapabilities.class);
+                    callback.onCapabilitiesChanged(network, cap);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case CALLBACK_IP_CHANGED: {
+                    LinkProperties lp = getObject(message, LinkProperties.class);
+                    callback.onLinkPropertiesChanged(network, lp);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case CALLBACK_SUSPENDED: {
+                    callback.onNetworkSuspended(network);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case CALLBACK_RESUMED: {
+                    callback.onNetworkResumed(network);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case CALLBACK_BLK_CHANGED: {
+                    callback.onBlockedStatusChanged(network, message.arg1);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private <T> T getObject(Message msg, Class<T> c) {
+            return (T) msg.getData().getParcelable(c.getSimpleName());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private CallbackHandler getDefaultHandler() {
+        synchronized (sCallbacks) {
+            if (sCallbackHandler == null) {
+                sCallbackHandler = new CallbackHandler(ConnectivityThread.getInstanceLooper());
+            }
+            return sCallbackHandler;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static final HashMap<NetworkRequest, NetworkCallback> sCallbacks = new HashMap<>();
+    private static CallbackHandler sCallbackHandler;
+
+    private NetworkRequest sendRequestForNetwork(int asUid, NetworkCapabilities need,
+            NetworkCallback callback, int timeoutMs, NetworkRequest.Type reqType, int legacyType,
+            CallbackHandler handler) {
+        printStackTrace();
+        checkCallbackNotNull(callback);
+        if (reqType != TRACK_DEFAULT && reqType != TRACK_SYSTEM_DEFAULT && need == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("null NetworkCapabilities");
+        }
+        final NetworkRequest request;
+        final String callingPackageName = mContext.getOpPackageName();
+        try {
+            synchronized(sCallbacks) {
+                if (callback.networkRequest != null
+                        && callback.networkRequest != ALREADY_UNREGISTERED) {
+                    // TODO: throw exception instead and enforce 1:1 mapping of callbacks
+                    // and requests (http://b/20701525).
+                    Log.e(TAG, "NetworkCallback was already registered");
+                }
+                Messenger messenger = new Messenger(handler);
+                Binder binder = new Binder();
+                final int callbackFlags = callback.mFlags;
+                if (reqType == LISTEN) {
+                    request = mService.listenForNetwork(
+                            need, messenger, binder, callbackFlags, callingPackageName,
+                            getAttributionTag());
+                } else {
+                    request = mService.requestNetwork(
+                            asUid, need, reqType.ordinal(), messenger, timeoutMs, binder,
+                            legacyType, callbackFlags, callingPackageName, getAttributionTag());
+                }
+                if (request != null) {
+                    sCallbacks.put(request, callback);
+                }
+                callback.networkRequest = request;
+            }
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            throw convertServiceException(e);
+        }
+        return request;
+    }
+
+    private NetworkRequest sendRequestForNetwork(NetworkCapabilities need, NetworkCallback callback,
+            int timeoutMs, NetworkRequest.Type reqType, int legacyType, CallbackHandler handler) {
+        return sendRequestForNetwork(Process.INVALID_UID, need, callback, timeoutMs, reqType,
+                legacyType, handler);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper function to request a network with a particular legacy type.
+     *
+     * This API is only for use in internal system code that requests networks with legacy type and
+     * relies on CONNECTIVITY_ACTION broadcasts instead of NetworkCallbacks. New caller should use
+     * {@link #requestNetwork(NetworkRequest, NetworkCallback, Handler)} instead.
+     *
+     * @param request {@link NetworkRequest} describing this request.
+     * @param timeoutMs The time in milliseconds to attempt looking for a suitable network
+     *                  before {@link NetworkCallback#onUnavailable()} is called. The timeout must
+     *                  be a positive value (i.e. >0).
+     * @param legacyType to specify the network type(#TYPE_*).
+     * @param handler {@link Handler} to specify the thread upon which the callback will be invoked.
+     * @param networkCallback The {@link NetworkCallback} to be utilized for this request. Note
+     *                        the callback must not be shared - it uniquely specifies this request.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    @RequiresPermission(NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK)
+    public void requestNetwork(@NonNull NetworkRequest request,
+            int timeoutMs, int legacyType, @NonNull Handler handler,
+            @NonNull NetworkCallback networkCallback) {
+        if (legacyType == TYPE_NONE) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("TYPE_NONE is meaningless legacy type");
+        }
+        CallbackHandler cbHandler = new CallbackHandler(handler);
+        NetworkCapabilities nc = request.networkCapabilities;
+        sendRequestForNetwork(nc, networkCallback, timeoutMs, REQUEST, legacyType, cbHandler);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Request a network to satisfy a set of {@link NetworkCapabilities}.
+     *
+     * <p>This method will attempt to find the best network that matches the passed
+     * {@link NetworkRequest}, and to bring up one that does if none currently satisfies the
+     * criteria. The platform will evaluate which network is the best at its own discretion.
+     * Throughput, latency, cost per byte, policy, user preference and other considerations
+     * may be factored in the decision of what is considered the best network.
+     *
+     * <p>As long as this request is outstanding, the platform will try to maintain the best network
+     * matching this request, while always attempting to match the request to a better network if
+     * possible. If a better match is found, the platform will switch this request to the now-best
+     * network and inform the app of the newly best network by invoking
+     * {@link NetworkCallback#onAvailable(Network)} on the provided callback. Note that the platform
+     * will not try to maintain any other network than the best one currently matching the request:
+     * a network not matching any network request may be disconnected at any time.
+     *
+     * <p>For example, an application could use this method to obtain a connected cellular network
+     * even if the device currently has a data connection over Ethernet. This may cause the cellular
+     * radio to consume additional power. Or, an application could inform the system that it wants
+     * a network supporting sending MMSes and have the system let it know about the currently best
+     * MMS-supporting network through the provided {@link NetworkCallback}.
+     *
+     * <p>The status of the request can be followed by listening to the various callbacks described
+     * in {@link NetworkCallback}. The {@link Network} object passed to the callback methods can be
+     * used to direct traffic to the network (although accessing some networks may be subject to
+     * holding specific permissions). Callers will learn about the specific characteristics of the
+     * network through
+     * {@link NetworkCallback#onCapabilitiesChanged(Network, NetworkCapabilities)} and
+     * {@link NetworkCallback#onLinkPropertiesChanged(Network, LinkProperties)}. The methods of the
+     * provided {@link NetworkCallback} will only be invoked due to changes in the best network
+     * matching the request at any given time; therefore when a better network matching the request
+     * becomes available, the {@link NetworkCallback#onAvailable(Network)} method is called
+     * with the new network after which no further updates are given about the previously-best
+     * network, unless it becomes the best again at some later time. All callbacks are invoked
+     * in order on the same thread, which by default is a thread created by the framework running
+     * in the app.
+     * {@see #requestNetwork(NetworkRequest, NetworkCallback, Handler)} to change where the
+     * callbacks are invoked.
+     *
+     * <p>This{@link NetworkRequest} will live until released via
+     * {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback)} or the calling application exits, at
+     * which point the system may let go of the network at any time.
+     *
+     * <p>A version of this method which takes a timeout is
+     * {@link #requestNetwork(NetworkRequest, NetworkCallback, int)}, that an app can use to only
+     * wait for a limited amount of time for the network to become unavailable.
+     *
+     * <p>It is presently unsupported to request a network with mutable
+     * {@link NetworkCapabilities} such as
+     * {@link NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED} or
+     * {@link NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL}
+     * as these {@code NetworkCapabilities} represent states that a particular
+     * network may never attain, and whether a network will attain these states
+     * is unknown prior to bringing up the network so the framework does not
+     * know how to go about satisfying a request with these capabilities.
+     *
+     * <p>This method requires the caller to hold either the
+     * {@link android.Manifest.permission#CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE} permission
+     * or the ability to modify system settings as determined by
+     * {@link android.provider.Settings.System#canWrite}.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>To avoid performance issues due to apps leaking callbacks, the system will limit the
+     * number of outstanding requests to 100 per app (identified by their UID), shared with
+     * all variants of this method, of {@link #registerNetworkCallback} as well as
+     * {@link ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager#registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback}.
+     * Requesting a network with this method will count toward this limit. If this limit is
+     * exceeded, an exception will be thrown. To avoid hitting this issue and to conserve resources,
+     * make sure to unregister the callbacks with
+     * {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback)}.
+     *
+     * @param request {@link NetworkRequest} describing this request.
+     * @param networkCallback The {@link NetworkCallback} to be utilized for this request. Note
+     *                        the callback must not be shared - it uniquely specifies this request.
+     *                        The callback is invoked on the default internal Handler.
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code request} contains invalid network capabilities.
+     * @throws SecurityException if missing the appropriate permissions.
+     * @throws RuntimeException if the app already has too many callbacks registered.
+     */
+    public void requestNetwork(@NonNull NetworkRequest request,
+            @NonNull NetworkCallback networkCallback) {
+        requestNetwork(request, networkCallback, getDefaultHandler());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Request a network to satisfy a set of {@link NetworkCapabilities}.
+     *
+     * This method behaves identically to {@link #requestNetwork(NetworkRequest, NetworkCallback)}
+     * but runs all the callbacks on the passed Handler.
+     *
+     * <p>This method has the same permission requirements as
+     * {@link #requestNetwork(NetworkRequest, NetworkCallback)}, is subject to the same limitations,
+     * and throws the same exceptions in the same conditions.
+     *
+     * @param request {@link NetworkRequest} describing this request.
+     * @param networkCallback The {@link NetworkCallback} to be utilized for this request. Note
+     *                        the callback must not be shared - it uniquely specifies this request.
+     * @param handler {@link Handler} to specify the thread upon which the callback will be invoked.
+     */
+    public void requestNetwork(@NonNull NetworkRequest request,
+            @NonNull NetworkCallback networkCallback, @NonNull Handler handler) {
+        CallbackHandler cbHandler = new CallbackHandler(handler);
+        NetworkCapabilities nc = request.networkCapabilities;
+        sendRequestForNetwork(nc, networkCallback, 0, REQUEST, TYPE_NONE, cbHandler);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Request a network to satisfy a set of {@link NetworkCapabilities}, limited
+     * by a timeout.
+     *
+     * This function behaves identically to the non-timed-out version
+     * {@link #requestNetwork(NetworkRequest, NetworkCallback)}, but if a suitable network
+     * is not found within the given time (in milliseconds) the
+     * {@link NetworkCallback#onUnavailable()} callback is called. The request can still be
+     * released normally by calling {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback)} but does
+     * not have to be released if timed-out (it is automatically released). Unregistering a
+     * request that timed out is not an error.
+     *
+     * <p>Do not use this method to poll for the existence of specific networks (e.g. with a small
+     * timeout) - {@link #registerNetworkCallback(NetworkRequest, NetworkCallback)} is provided
+     * for that purpose. Calling this method will attempt to bring up the requested network.
+     *
+     * <p>This method has the same permission requirements as
+     * {@link #requestNetwork(NetworkRequest, NetworkCallback)}, is subject to the same limitations,
+     * and throws the same exceptions in the same conditions.
+     *
+     * @param request {@link NetworkRequest} describing this request.
+     * @param networkCallback The {@link NetworkCallback} to be utilized for this request. Note
+     *                        the callback must not be shared - it uniquely specifies this request.
+     * @param timeoutMs The time in milliseconds to attempt looking for a suitable network
+     *                  before {@link NetworkCallback#onUnavailable()} is called. The timeout must
+     *                  be a positive value (i.e. >0).
+     */
+    public void requestNetwork(@NonNull NetworkRequest request,
+            @NonNull NetworkCallback networkCallback, int timeoutMs) {
+        checkTimeout(timeoutMs);
+        NetworkCapabilities nc = request.networkCapabilities;
+        sendRequestForNetwork(nc, networkCallback, timeoutMs, REQUEST, TYPE_NONE,
+                getDefaultHandler());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Request a network to satisfy a set of {@link NetworkCapabilities}, limited
+     * by a timeout.
+     *
+     * This method behaves identically to
+     * {@link #requestNetwork(NetworkRequest, NetworkCallback, int)} but runs all the callbacks
+     * on the passed Handler.
+     *
+     * <p>This method has the same permission requirements as
+     * {@link #requestNetwork(NetworkRequest, NetworkCallback)}, is subject to the same limitations,
+     * and throws the same exceptions in the same conditions.
+     *
+     * @param request {@link NetworkRequest} describing this request.
+     * @param networkCallback The {@link NetworkCallback} to be utilized for this request. Note
+     *                        the callback must not be shared - it uniquely specifies this request.
+     * @param handler {@link Handler} to specify the thread upon which the callback will be invoked.
+     * @param timeoutMs The time in milliseconds to attempt looking for a suitable network
+     *                  before {@link NetworkCallback#onUnavailable} is called.
+     */
+    public void requestNetwork(@NonNull NetworkRequest request,
+            @NonNull NetworkCallback networkCallback, @NonNull Handler handler, int timeoutMs) {
+        checkTimeout(timeoutMs);
+        CallbackHandler cbHandler = new CallbackHandler(handler);
+        NetworkCapabilities nc = request.networkCapabilities;
+        sendRequestForNetwork(nc, networkCallback, timeoutMs, REQUEST, TYPE_NONE, cbHandler);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The lookup key for a {@link Network} object included with the intent after
+     * successfully finding a network for the applications request.  Retrieve it with
+     * {@link android.content.Intent#getParcelableExtra(String)}.
+     * <p>
+     * Note that if you intend to invoke {@link Network#openConnection(java.net.URL)}
+     * then you must get a ConnectivityManager instance before doing so.
+     */
+    public static final String EXTRA_NETWORK = "android.net.extra.NETWORK";
+
+    /**
+     * The lookup key for a {@link NetworkRequest} object included with the intent after
+     * successfully finding a network for the applications request.  Retrieve it with
+     * {@link android.content.Intent#getParcelableExtra(String)}.
+     */
+    public static final String EXTRA_NETWORK_REQUEST = "android.net.extra.NETWORK_REQUEST";
+
+
+    /**
+     * Request a network to satisfy a set of {@link NetworkCapabilities}.
+     *
+     * This function behaves identically to the version that takes a NetworkCallback, but instead
+     * of {@link NetworkCallback} a {@link PendingIntent} is used.  This means
+     * the request may outlive the calling application and get called back when a suitable
+     * network is found.
+     * <p>
+     * The operation is an Intent broadcast that goes to a broadcast receiver that
+     * you registered with {@link Context#registerReceiver} or through the
+     * &lt;receiver&gt; tag in an AndroidManifest.xml file
+     * <p>
+     * The operation Intent is delivered with two extras, a {@link Network} typed
+     * extra called {@link #EXTRA_NETWORK} and a {@link NetworkRequest}
+     * typed extra called {@link #EXTRA_NETWORK_REQUEST} containing
+     * the original requests parameters.  It is important to create a new,
+     * {@link NetworkCallback} based request before completing the processing of the
+     * Intent to reserve the network or it will be released shortly after the Intent
+     * is processed.
+     * <p>
+     * If there is already a request for this Intent registered (with the equality of
+     * two Intents defined by {@link Intent#filterEquals}), then it will be removed and
+     * replaced by this one, effectively releasing the previous {@link NetworkRequest}.
+     * <p>
+     * The request may be released normally by calling
+     * {@link #releaseNetworkRequest(android.app.PendingIntent)}.
+     * <p>It is presently unsupported to request a network with either
+     * {@link NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED} or
+     * {@link NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL}
+     * as these {@code NetworkCapabilities} represent states that a particular
+     * network may never attain, and whether a network will attain these states
+     * is unknown prior to bringing up the network so the framework does not
+     * know how to go about satisfying a request with these capabilities.
+     *
+     * <p>To avoid performance issues due to apps leaking callbacks, the system will limit the
+     * number of outstanding requests to 100 per app (identified by their UID), shared with
+     * all variants of this method, of {@link #registerNetworkCallback} as well as
+     * {@link ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager#registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback}.
+     * Requesting a network with this method will count toward this limit. If this limit is
+     * exceeded, an exception will be thrown. To avoid hitting this issue and to conserve resources,
+     * make sure to unregister the callbacks with {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(PendingIntent)}
+     * or {@link #releaseNetworkRequest(PendingIntent)}.
+     *
+     * <p>This method requires the caller to hold either the
+     * {@link android.Manifest.permission#CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE} permission
+     * or the ability to modify system settings as determined by
+     * {@link android.provider.Settings.System#canWrite}.</p>
+     *
+     * @param request {@link NetworkRequest} describing this request.
+     * @param operation Action to perform when the network is available (corresponds
+     *                  to the {@link NetworkCallback#onAvailable} call.  Typically
+     *                  comes from {@link PendingIntent#getBroadcast}. Cannot be null.
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code request} contains invalid network capabilities.
+     * @throws SecurityException if missing the appropriate permissions.
+     * @throws RuntimeException if the app already has too many callbacks registered.
+     */
+    public void requestNetwork(@NonNull NetworkRequest request,
+            @NonNull PendingIntent operation) {
+        printStackTrace();
+        checkPendingIntentNotNull(operation);
+        try {
+            mService.pendingRequestForNetwork(
+                    request.networkCapabilities, operation, mContext.getOpPackageName(),
+                    getAttributionTag());
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            throw convertServiceException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes a request made via {@link #requestNetwork(NetworkRequest, android.app.PendingIntent)}
+     * <p>
+     * This method has the same behavior as
+     * {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(android.app.PendingIntent)} with respect to
+     * releasing network resources and disconnecting.
+     *
+     * @param operation A PendingIntent equal (as defined by {@link Intent#filterEquals}) to the
+     *                  PendingIntent passed to
+     *                  {@link #requestNetwork(NetworkRequest, android.app.PendingIntent)} with the
+     *                  corresponding NetworkRequest you'd like to remove. Cannot be null.
+     */
+    public void releaseNetworkRequest(@NonNull PendingIntent operation) {
+        printStackTrace();
+        checkPendingIntentNotNull(operation);
+        try {
+            mService.releasePendingNetworkRequest(operation);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void checkPendingIntentNotNull(PendingIntent intent) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(intent, "PendingIntent cannot be null.");
+    }
+
+    private static void checkCallbackNotNull(NetworkCallback callback) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(callback, "null NetworkCallback");
+    }
+
+    private static void checkTimeout(int timeoutMs) {
+        if (timeoutMs <= 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("timeoutMs must be strictly positive.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Registers to receive notifications about all networks which satisfy the given
+     * {@link NetworkRequest}.  The callbacks will continue to be called until
+     * either the application exits or {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback)} is
+     * called.
+     *
+     * <p>To avoid performance issues due to apps leaking callbacks, the system will limit the
+     * number of outstanding requests to 100 per app (identified by their UID), shared with
+     * all variants of this method, of {@link #requestNetwork} as well as
+     * {@link ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager#registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback}.
+     * Requesting a network with this method will count toward this limit. If this limit is
+     * exceeded, an exception will be thrown. To avoid hitting this issue and to conserve resources,
+     * make sure to unregister the callbacks with
+     * {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback)}.
+     *
+     * @param request {@link NetworkRequest} describing this request.
+     * @param networkCallback The {@link NetworkCallback} that the system will call as suitable
+     *                        networks change state.
+     *                        The callback is invoked on the default internal Handler.
+     * @throws RuntimeException if the app already has too many callbacks registered.
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
+    public void registerNetworkCallback(@NonNull NetworkRequest request,
+            @NonNull NetworkCallback networkCallback) {
+        registerNetworkCallback(request, networkCallback, getDefaultHandler());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Registers to receive notifications about all networks which satisfy the given
+     * {@link NetworkRequest}.  The callbacks will continue to be called until
+     * either the application exits or {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback)} is
+     * called.
+     *
+     * <p>To avoid performance issues due to apps leaking callbacks, the system will limit the
+     * number of outstanding requests to 100 per app (identified by their UID), shared with
+     * all variants of this method, of {@link #requestNetwork} as well as
+     * {@link ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager#registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback}.
+     * Requesting a network with this method will count toward this limit. If this limit is
+     * exceeded, an exception will be thrown. To avoid hitting this issue and to conserve resources,
+     * make sure to unregister the callbacks with
+     * {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback)}.
+     *
+     *
+     * @param request {@link NetworkRequest} describing this request.
+     * @param networkCallback The {@link NetworkCallback} that the system will call as suitable
+     *                        networks change state.
+     * @param handler {@link Handler} to specify the thread upon which the callback will be invoked.
+     * @throws RuntimeException if the app already has too many callbacks registered.
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
+    public void registerNetworkCallback(@NonNull NetworkRequest request,
+            @NonNull NetworkCallback networkCallback, @NonNull Handler handler) {
+        CallbackHandler cbHandler = new CallbackHandler(handler);
+        NetworkCapabilities nc = request.networkCapabilities;
+        sendRequestForNetwork(nc, networkCallback, 0, LISTEN, TYPE_NONE, cbHandler);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Registers a PendingIntent to be sent when a network is available which satisfies the given
+     * {@link NetworkRequest}.
+     *
+     * This function behaves identically to the version that takes a NetworkCallback, but instead
+     * of {@link NetworkCallback} a {@link PendingIntent} is used.  This means
+     * the request may outlive the calling application and get called back when a suitable
+     * network is found.
+     * <p>
+     * The operation is an Intent broadcast that goes to a broadcast receiver that
+     * you registered with {@link Context#registerReceiver} or through the
+     * &lt;receiver&gt; tag in an AndroidManifest.xml file
+     * <p>
+     * The operation Intent is delivered with two extras, a {@link Network} typed
+     * extra called {@link #EXTRA_NETWORK} and a {@link NetworkRequest}
+     * typed extra called {@link #EXTRA_NETWORK_REQUEST} containing
+     * the original requests parameters.
+     * <p>
+     * If there is already a request for this Intent registered (with the equality of
+     * two Intents defined by {@link Intent#filterEquals}), then it will be removed and
+     * replaced by this one, effectively releasing the previous {@link NetworkRequest}.
+     * <p>
+     * The request may be released normally by calling
+     * {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(android.app.PendingIntent)}.
+     *
+     * <p>To avoid performance issues due to apps leaking callbacks, the system will limit the
+     * number of outstanding requests to 100 per app (identified by their UID), shared with
+     * all variants of this method, of {@link #requestNetwork} as well as
+     * {@link ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager#registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback}.
+     * Requesting a network with this method will count toward this limit. If this limit is
+     * exceeded, an exception will be thrown. To avoid hitting this issue and to conserve resources,
+     * make sure to unregister the callbacks with {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(PendingIntent)}
+     * or {@link #releaseNetworkRequest(PendingIntent)}.
+     *
+     * @param request {@link NetworkRequest} describing this request.
+     * @param operation Action to perform when the network is available (corresponds
+     *                  to the {@link NetworkCallback#onAvailable} call.  Typically
+     *                  comes from {@link PendingIntent#getBroadcast}. Cannot be null.
+     * @throws RuntimeException if the app already has too many callbacks registered.
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
+    public void registerNetworkCallback(@NonNull NetworkRequest request,
+            @NonNull PendingIntent operation) {
+        printStackTrace();
+        checkPendingIntentNotNull(operation);
+        try {
+            mService.pendingListenForNetwork(
+                    request.networkCapabilities, operation, mContext.getOpPackageName(),
+                    getAttributionTag());
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            throw convertServiceException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Registers to receive notifications about changes in the application's default network. This
+     * may be a physical network or a virtual network, such as a VPN that applies to the
+     * application. The callbacks will continue to be called until either the application exits or
+     * {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback)} is called.
+     *
+     * <p>To avoid performance issues due to apps leaking callbacks, the system will limit the
+     * number of outstanding requests to 100 per app (identified by their UID), shared with
+     * all variants of this method, of {@link #requestNetwork} as well as
+     * {@link ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager#registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback}.
+     * Requesting a network with this method will count toward this limit. If this limit is
+     * exceeded, an exception will be thrown. To avoid hitting this issue and to conserve resources,
+     * make sure to unregister the callbacks with
+     * {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback)}.
+     *
+     * @param networkCallback The {@link NetworkCallback} that the system will call as the
+     *                        application's default network changes.
+     *                        The callback is invoked on the default internal Handler.
+     * @throws RuntimeException if the app already has too many callbacks registered.
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
+    public void registerDefaultNetworkCallback(@NonNull NetworkCallback networkCallback) {
+        registerDefaultNetworkCallback(networkCallback, getDefaultHandler());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Registers to receive notifications about changes in the application's default network. This
+     * may be a physical network or a virtual network, such as a VPN that applies to the
+     * application. The callbacks will continue to be called until either the application exits or
+     * {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback)} is called.
+     *
+     * <p>To avoid performance issues due to apps leaking callbacks, the system will limit the
+     * number of outstanding requests to 100 per app (identified by their UID), shared with
+     * all variants of this method, of {@link #requestNetwork} as well as
+     * {@link ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager#registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback}.
+     * Requesting a network with this method will count toward this limit. If this limit is
+     * exceeded, an exception will be thrown. To avoid hitting this issue and to conserve resources,
+     * make sure to unregister the callbacks with
+     * {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback)}.
+     *
+     * @param networkCallback The {@link NetworkCallback} that the system will call as the
+     *                        application's default network changes.
+     * @param handler {@link Handler} to specify the thread upon which the callback will be invoked.
+     * @throws RuntimeException if the app already has too many callbacks registered.
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
+    public void registerDefaultNetworkCallback(@NonNull NetworkCallback networkCallback,
+            @NonNull Handler handler) {
+        registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(Process.INVALID_UID, networkCallback, handler);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Registers to receive notifications about changes in the default network for the specified
+     * UID. This may be a physical network or a virtual network, such as a VPN that applies to the
+     * UID. The callbacks will continue to be called until either the application exits or
+     * {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback)} is called.
+     *
+     * <p>To avoid performance issues due to apps leaking callbacks, the system will limit the
+     * number of outstanding requests to 100 per app (identified by their UID), shared with
+     * all variants of this method, of {@link #requestNetwork} as well as
+     * {@link ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager#registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback}.
+     * Requesting a network with this method will count toward this limit. If this limit is
+     * exceeded, an exception will be thrown. To avoid hitting this issue and to conserve resources,
+     * make sure to unregister the callbacks with
+     * {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback)}.
+     *
+     * @param uid the UID for which to track default network changes.
+     * @param networkCallback The {@link NetworkCallback} that the system will call as the
+     *                        UID's default network changes.
+     * @param handler {@link Handler} to specify the thread upon which the callback will be invoked.
+     * @throws RuntimeException if the app already has too many callbacks registered.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @SuppressLint({"ExecutorRegistration", "PairedRegistration"})
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS})
+    public void registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(int uid,
+            @NonNull NetworkCallback networkCallback, @NonNull Handler handler) {
+        CallbackHandler cbHandler = new CallbackHandler(handler);
+        sendRequestForNetwork(uid, null /* need */, networkCallback, 0 /* timeoutMs */,
+                TRACK_DEFAULT, TYPE_NONE, cbHandler);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Registers to receive notifications about changes in the system default network. The callbacks
+     * will continue to be called until either the application exits or
+     * {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback)} is called.
+     *
+     * This method should not be used to determine networking state seen by applications, because in
+     * many cases, most or even all application traffic may not use the default network directly,
+     * and traffic from different applications may go on different networks by default. As an
+     * example, if a VPN is connected, traffic from all applications might be sent through the VPN
+     * and not onto the system default network. Applications or system components desiring to do
+     * determine network state as seen by applications should use other methods such as
+     * {@link #registerDefaultNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback, Handler)}.
+     *
+     * <p>To avoid performance issues due to apps leaking callbacks, the system will limit the
+     * number of outstanding requests to 100 per app (identified by their UID), shared with
+     * all variants of this method, of {@link #requestNetwork} as well as
+     * {@link ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager#registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback}.
+     * Requesting a network with this method will count toward this limit. If this limit is
+     * exceeded, an exception will be thrown. To avoid hitting this issue and to conserve resources,
+     * make sure to unregister the callbacks with
+     * {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback)}.
+     *
+     * @param networkCallback The {@link NetworkCallback} that the system will call as the
+     *                        system default network changes.
+     * @param handler {@link Handler} to specify the thread upon which the callback will be invoked.
+     * @throws RuntimeException if the app already has too many callbacks registered.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @SuppressLint({"ExecutorRegistration", "PairedRegistration"})
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS})
+    public void registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(@NonNull NetworkCallback networkCallback,
+            @NonNull Handler handler) {
+        CallbackHandler cbHandler = new CallbackHandler(handler);
+        sendRequestForNetwork(null /* NetworkCapabilities need */, networkCallback, 0,
+                TRACK_SYSTEM_DEFAULT, TYPE_NONE, cbHandler);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Registers to receive notifications about the best matching network which satisfy the given
+     * {@link NetworkRequest}.  The callbacks will continue to be called until
+     * either the application exits or {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback)} is
+     * called.
+     *
+     * <p>To avoid performance issues due to apps leaking callbacks, the system will limit the
+     * number of outstanding requests to 100 per app (identified by their UID), shared with
+     * {@link #registerNetworkCallback} and its variants and {@link #requestNetwork} as well as
+     * {@link ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager#registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback}.
+     * Requesting a network with this method will count toward this limit. If this limit is
+     * exceeded, an exception will be thrown. To avoid hitting this issue and to conserve resources,
+     * make sure to unregister the callbacks with
+     * {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback)}.
+     *
+     *
+     * @param request {@link NetworkRequest} describing this request.
+     * @param networkCallback The {@link NetworkCallback} that the system will call as suitable
+     *                        networks change state.
+     * @param handler {@link Handler} to specify the thread upon which the callback will be invoked.
+     * @throws RuntimeException if the app already has too many callbacks registered.
+     */
+    @SuppressLint("ExecutorRegistration")
+    public void registerBestMatchingNetworkCallback(@NonNull NetworkRequest request,
+            @NonNull NetworkCallback networkCallback, @NonNull Handler handler) {
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = request.networkCapabilities;
+        final CallbackHandler cbHandler = new CallbackHandler(handler);
+        sendRequestForNetwork(nc, networkCallback, 0, LISTEN_FOR_BEST, TYPE_NONE, cbHandler);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Requests bandwidth update for a given {@link Network} and returns whether the update request
+     * is accepted by ConnectivityService. Once accepted, ConnectivityService will poll underlying
+     * network connection for updated bandwidth information. The caller will be notified via
+     * {@link ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback} if there is an update. Notice that this
+     * method assumes that the caller has previously called
+     * {@link #registerNetworkCallback(NetworkRequest, NetworkCallback)} to listen for network
+     * changes.
+     *
+     * @param network {@link Network} specifying which network you're interested.
+     * @return {@code true} on success, {@code false} if the {@link Network} is no longer valid.
+     */
+    public boolean requestBandwidthUpdate(@NonNull Network network) {
+        try {
+            return mService.requestBandwidthUpdate(network);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unregisters a {@code NetworkCallback} and possibly releases networks originating from
+     * {@link #requestNetwork(NetworkRequest, NetworkCallback)} and
+     * {@link #registerNetworkCallback(NetworkRequest, NetworkCallback)} calls.
+     * If the given {@code NetworkCallback} had previously been used with
+     * {@code #requestNetwork}, any networks that had been connected to only to satisfy that request
+     * will be disconnected.
+     *
+     * Notifications that would have triggered that {@code NetworkCallback} will immediately stop
+     * triggering it as soon as this call returns.
+     *
+     * @param networkCallback The {@link NetworkCallback} used when making the request.
+     */
+    public void unregisterNetworkCallback(@NonNull NetworkCallback networkCallback) {
+        printStackTrace();
+        checkCallbackNotNull(networkCallback);
+        final List<NetworkRequest> reqs = new ArrayList<>();
+        // Find all requests associated to this callback and stop callback triggers immediately.
+        // Callback is reusable immediately. http://b/20701525, http://b/35921499.
+        synchronized (sCallbacks) {
+            if (networkCallback.networkRequest == null) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("NetworkCallback was not registered");
+            }
+            if (networkCallback.networkRequest == ALREADY_UNREGISTERED) {
+                Log.d(TAG, "NetworkCallback was already unregistered");
+                return;
+            }
+            for (Map.Entry<NetworkRequest, NetworkCallback> e : sCallbacks.entrySet()) {
+                if (e.getValue() == networkCallback) {
+                    reqs.add(e.getKey());
+                }
+            }
+            // TODO: throw exception if callback was registered more than once (http://b/20701525).
+            for (NetworkRequest r : reqs) {
+                try {
+                    mService.releaseNetworkRequest(r);
+                } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                    throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+                }
+                // Only remove mapping if rpc was successful.
+                sCallbacks.remove(r);
+            }
+            networkCallback.networkRequest = ALREADY_UNREGISTERED;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unregisters a callback previously registered via
+     * {@link #registerNetworkCallback(NetworkRequest, android.app.PendingIntent)}.
+     *
+     * @param operation A PendingIntent equal (as defined by {@link Intent#filterEquals}) to the
+     *                  PendingIntent passed to
+     *                  {@link #registerNetworkCallback(NetworkRequest, android.app.PendingIntent)}.
+     *                  Cannot be null.
+     */
+    public void unregisterNetworkCallback(@NonNull PendingIntent operation) {
+        releaseNetworkRequest(operation);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Informs the system whether it should switch to {@code network} regardless of whether it is
+     * validated or not. If {@code accept} is true, and the network was explicitly selected by the
+     * user (e.g., by selecting a Wi-Fi network in the Settings app), then the network will become
+     * the system default network regardless of any other network that's currently connected. If
+     * {@code always} is true, then the choice is remembered, so that the next time the user
+     * connects to this network, the system will switch to it.
+     *
+     * @param network The network to accept.
+     * @param accept Whether to accept the network even if unvalidated.
+     * @param always Whether to remember this choice in the future.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETUP_WIZARD,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK})
+    public void setAcceptUnvalidated(@NonNull Network network, boolean accept, boolean always) {
+        try {
+            mService.setAcceptUnvalidated(network, accept, always);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Informs the system whether it should consider the network as validated even if it only has
+     * partial connectivity. If {@code accept} is true, then the network will be considered as
+     * validated even if connectivity is only partial. If {@code always} is true, then the choice
+     * is remembered, so that the next time the user connects to this network, the system will
+     * switch to it.
+     *
+     * @param network The network to accept.
+     * @param accept Whether to consider the network as validated even if it has partial
+     *               connectivity.
+     * @param always Whether to remember this choice in the future.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETUP_WIZARD,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK})
+    public void setAcceptPartialConnectivity(@NonNull Network network, boolean accept,
+            boolean always) {
+        try {
+            mService.setAcceptPartialConnectivity(network, accept, always);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Informs the system to penalize {@code network}'s score when it becomes unvalidated. This is
+     * only meaningful if the system is configured not to penalize such networks, e.g., if the
+     * {@code config_networkAvoidBadWifi} configuration variable is set to 0 and the {@code
+     * NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI setting is unset}.
+     *
+     * @param network The network to accept.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETUP_WIZARD,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK})
+    public void setAvoidUnvalidated(@NonNull Network network) {
+        try {
+            mService.setAvoidUnvalidated(network);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Temporarily allow bad wifi to override {@code config_networkAvoidBadWifi} configuration.
+     *
+     * @param timeMs The expired current time. The value should be set within a limited time from
+     *               now.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void setTestAllowBadWifiUntil(long timeMs) {
+        try {
+            mService.setTestAllowBadWifiUntil(timeMs);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Requests that the system open the captive portal app on the specified network.
+     *
+     * <p>This is to be used on networks where a captive portal was detected, as per
+     * {@link NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL}.
+     *
+     * @param network The network to log into.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK
+    })
+    public void startCaptivePortalApp(@NonNull Network network) {
+        try {
+            mService.startCaptivePortalApp(network);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Requests that the system open the captive portal app with the specified extras.
+     *
+     * <p>This endpoint is exclusively for use by the NetworkStack and is protected by the
+     * corresponding permission.
+     * @param network Network on which the captive portal was detected.
+     * @param appExtras Extras to include in the app start intent.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    @RequiresPermission(NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK)
+    public void startCaptivePortalApp(@NonNull Network network, @NonNull Bundle appExtras) {
+        try {
+            mService.startCaptivePortalAppInternal(network, appExtras);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determine whether the device is configured to avoid bad wifi.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK})
+    public boolean shouldAvoidBadWifi() {
+        try {
+            return mService.shouldAvoidBadWifi();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * It is acceptable to briefly use multipath data to provide seamless connectivity for
+     * time-sensitive user-facing operations when the system default network is temporarily
+     * unresponsive. The amount of data should be limited (less than one megabyte for every call to
+     * this method), and the operation should be infrequent to ensure that data usage is limited.
+     *
+     * An example of such an operation might be a time-sensitive foreground activity, such as a
+     * voice command, that the user is performing while walking out of range of a Wi-Fi network.
+     */
+    public static final int MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_HANDOVER = 1 << 0;
+
+    /**
+     * It is acceptable to use small amounts of multipath data on an ongoing basis to provide
+     * a backup channel for traffic that is primarily going over another network.
+     *
+     * An example might be maintaining backup connections to peers or servers for the purpose of
+     * fast fallback if the default network is temporarily unresponsive or disconnects. The traffic
+     * on backup paths should be negligible compared to the traffic on the main path.
+     */
+    public static final int MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_RELIABILITY = 1 << 1;
+
+    /**
+     * It is acceptable to use metered data to improve network latency and performance.
+     */
+    public static final int MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_PERFORMANCE = 1 << 2;
+
+    /**
+     * Return value to use for unmetered networks. On such networks we currently set all the flags
+     * to true.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_UNMETERED =
+            MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_HANDOVER |
+            MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_RELIABILITY |
+            MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_PERFORMANCE;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(flag = true, value = {
+            MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_HANDOVER,
+            MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_RELIABILITY,
+            MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_PERFORMANCE,
+    })
+    public @interface MultipathPreference {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Provides a hint to the calling application on whether it is desirable to use the
+     * multinetwork APIs (e.g., {@link Network#openConnection}, {@link Network#bindSocket}, etc.)
+     * for multipath data transfer on this network when it is not the system default network.
+     * Applications desiring to use multipath network protocols should call this method before
+     * each such operation.
+     *
+     * @param network The network on which the application desires to use multipath data.
+     *                If {@code null}, this method will return the a preference that will generally
+     *                apply to metered networks.
+     * @return a bitwise OR of zero or more of the  {@code MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_*} constants.
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
+    public @MultipathPreference int getMultipathPreference(@Nullable Network network) {
+        try {
+            return mService.getMultipathPreference(network);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Resets all connectivity manager settings back to factory defaults.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK})
+    public void factoryReset() {
+        try {
+            mService.factoryReset();
+            getTetheringManager().stopAllTethering();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Binds the current process to {@code network}.  All Sockets created in the future
+     * (and not explicitly bound via a bound SocketFactory from
+     * {@link Network#getSocketFactory() Network.getSocketFactory()}) will be bound to
+     * {@code network}.  All host name resolutions will be limited to {@code network} as well.
+     * Note that if {@code network} ever disconnects, all Sockets created in this way will cease to
+     * work and all host name resolutions will fail.  This is by design so an application doesn't
+     * accidentally use Sockets it thinks are still bound to a particular {@link Network}.
+     * To clear binding pass {@code null} for {@code network}.  Using individually bound
+     * Sockets created by Network.getSocketFactory().createSocket() and
+     * performing network-specific host name resolutions via
+     * {@link Network#getAllByName Network.getAllByName} is preferred to calling
+     * {@code bindProcessToNetwork}.
+     *
+     * @param network The {@link Network} to bind the current process to, or {@code null} to clear
+     *                the current binding.
+     * @return {@code true} on success, {@code false} if the {@link Network} is no longer valid.
+     */
+    public boolean bindProcessToNetwork(@Nullable Network network) {
+        // Forcing callers to call through non-static function ensures ConnectivityManager
+        // instantiated.
+        return setProcessDefaultNetwork(network);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Binds the current process to {@code network}.  All Sockets created in the future
+     * (and not explicitly bound via a bound SocketFactory from
+     * {@link Network#getSocketFactory() Network.getSocketFactory()}) will be bound to
+     * {@code network}.  All host name resolutions will be limited to {@code network} as well.
+     * Note that if {@code network} ever disconnects, all Sockets created in this way will cease to
+     * work and all host name resolutions will fail.  This is by design so an application doesn't
+     * accidentally use Sockets it thinks are still bound to a particular {@link Network}.
+     * To clear binding pass {@code null} for {@code network}.  Using individually bound
+     * Sockets created by Network.getSocketFactory().createSocket() and
+     * performing network-specific host name resolutions via
+     * {@link Network#getAllByName Network.getAllByName} is preferred to calling
+     * {@code setProcessDefaultNetwork}.
+     *
+     * @param network The {@link Network} to bind the current process to, or {@code null} to clear
+     *                the current binding.
+     * @return {@code true} on success, {@code false} if the {@link Network} is no longer valid.
+     * @deprecated This function can throw {@link IllegalStateException}.  Use
+     *             {@link #bindProcessToNetwork} instead.  {@code bindProcessToNetwork}
+     *             is a direct replacement.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static boolean setProcessDefaultNetwork(@Nullable Network network) {
+        int netId = (network == null) ? NETID_UNSET : network.netId;
+        boolean isSameNetId = (netId == NetworkUtils.getBoundNetworkForProcess());
+
+        if (netId != NETID_UNSET) {
+            netId = network.getNetIdForResolv();
+        }
+
+        if (!NetworkUtils.bindProcessToNetwork(netId)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!isSameNetId) {
+            // Set HTTP proxy system properties to match network.
+            // TODO: Deprecate this static method and replace it with a non-static version.
+            try {
+                Proxy.setHttpProxyConfiguration(getInstance().getDefaultProxy());
+            } catch (SecurityException e) {
+                // The process doesn't have ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE, so we can't fetch the proxy.
+                Log.e(TAG, "Can't set proxy properties", e);
+            }
+            // Must flush DNS cache as new network may have different DNS resolutions.
+            InetAddress.clearDnsCache();
+            // Must flush socket pool as idle sockets will be bound to previous network and may
+            // cause subsequent fetches to be performed on old network.
+            NetworkEventDispatcher.getInstance().dispatchNetworkConfigurationChange();
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the {@link Network} currently bound to this process via
+     * {@link #bindProcessToNetwork}, or {@code null} if no {@link Network} is explicitly bound.
+     *
+     * @return {@code Network} to which this process is bound, or {@code null}.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public Network getBoundNetworkForProcess() {
+        // Forcing callers to call thru non-static function ensures ConnectivityManager
+        // instantiated.
+        return getProcessDefaultNetwork();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the {@link Network} currently bound to this process via
+     * {@link #bindProcessToNetwork}, or {@code null} if no {@link Network} is explicitly bound.
+     *
+     * @return {@code Network} to which this process is bound, or {@code null}.
+     * @deprecated Using this function can lead to other functions throwing
+     *             {@link IllegalStateException}.  Use {@link #getBoundNetworkForProcess} instead.
+     *             {@code getBoundNetworkForProcess} is a direct replacement.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    @Nullable
+    public static Network getProcessDefaultNetwork() {
+        int netId = NetworkUtils.getBoundNetworkForProcess();
+        if (netId == NETID_UNSET) return null;
+        return new Network(netId);
+    }
+
+    private void unsupportedStartingFrom(int version) {
+        if (Process.myUid() == Process.SYSTEM_UID) {
+            // The getApplicationInfo() call we make below is not supported in system context. Let
+            // the call through here, and rely on the fact that ConnectivityService will refuse to
+            // allow the system to use these APIs anyway.
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (mContext.getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion >= version) {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+                    "This method is not supported in target SDK version " + version + " and above");
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Checks whether the calling app can use the legacy routing API (startUsingNetworkFeature,
+    // stopUsingNetworkFeature, requestRouteToHost), and if not throw UnsupportedOperationException.
+    // TODO: convert the existing system users (Tethering, GnssLocationProvider) to the new APIs and
+    // remove these exemptions. Note that this check is not secure, and apps can still access these
+    // functions by accessing ConnectivityService directly. However, it should be clear that doing
+    // so is unsupported and may break in the future. http://b/22728205
+    private void checkLegacyRoutingApiAccess() {
+        unsupportedStartingFrom(VERSION_CODES.M);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Binds host resolutions performed by this process to {@code network}.
+     * {@link #bindProcessToNetwork} takes precedence over this setting.
+     *
+     * @param network The {@link Network} to bind host resolutions from the current process to, or
+     *                {@code null} to clear the current binding.
+     * @return {@code true} on success, {@code false} if the {@link Network} is no longer valid.
+     * @hide
+     * @deprecated This is strictly for legacy usage to support {@link #startUsingNetworkFeature}.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    public static boolean setProcessDefaultNetworkForHostResolution(Network network) {
+        return NetworkUtils.bindProcessToNetworkForHostResolution(
+                (network == null) ? NETID_UNSET : network.getNetIdForResolv());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Device is not restricting metered network activity while application is running on
+     * background.
+     */
+    public static final int RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_DISABLED = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * Device is restricting metered network activity while application is running on background,
+     * but application is allowed to bypass it.
+     * <p>
+     * In this state, application should take action to mitigate metered network access.
+     * For example, a music streaming application should switch to a low-bandwidth bitrate.
+     */
+    public static final int RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_WHITELISTED = 2;
+
+    /**
+     * Device is restricting metered network activity while application is running on background.
+     * <p>
+     * In this state, application should not try to use the network while running on background,
+     * because it would be denied.
+     */
+    public static final int RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_ENABLED = 3;
+
+    /**
+     * A change in the background metered network activity restriction has occurred.
+     * <p>
+     * Applications should call {@link #getRestrictBackgroundStatus()} to check if the restriction
+     * applies to them.
+     * <p>
+     * This is only sent to registered receivers, not manifest receivers.
+     */
+    @SdkConstant(SdkConstantType.BROADCAST_INTENT_ACTION)
+    public static final String ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED =
+            "android.net.conn.RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED";
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(flag = false, value = {
+            RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_DISABLED,
+            RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_WHITELISTED,
+            RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_ENABLED,
+    })
+    public @interface RestrictBackgroundStatus {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determines if the calling application is subject to metered network restrictions while
+     * running on background.
+     *
+     * @return {@link #RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_DISABLED},
+     * {@link #RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_ENABLED},
+     * or {@link #RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_WHITELISTED}
+     */
+    public @RestrictBackgroundStatus int getRestrictBackgroundStatus() {
+        try {
+            return mService.getRestrictBackgroundStatusByCaller();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The network watchlist is a list of domains and IP addresses that are associated with
+     * potentially harmful apps. This method returns the SHA-256 of the watchlist config file
+     * currently used by the system for validation purposes.
+     *
+     * @return Hash of network watchlist config file. Null if config does not exist.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public byte[] getNetworkWatchlistConfigHash() {
+        try {
+            return mService.getNetworkWatchlistConfigHash();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Unable to get watchlist config hash");
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the {@code uid} of the owner of a network connection.
+     *
+     * @param protocol The protocol of the connection. Only {@code IPPROTO_TCP} and {@code
+     *     IPPROTO_UDP} currently supported.
+     * @param local The local {@link InetSocketAddress} of a connection.
+     * @param remote The remote {@link InetSocketAddress} of a connection.
+     * @return {@code uid} if the connection is found and the app has permission to observe it
+     *     (e.g., if it is associated with the calling VPN app's VpnService tunnel) or {@link
+     *     android.os.Process#INVALID_UID} if the connection is not found.
+     * @throws {@link SecurityException} if the caller is not the active VpnService for the current
+     *     user.
+     * @throws {@link IllegalArgumentException} if an unsupported protocol is requested.
+     */
+    public int getConnectionOwnerUid(
+            int protocol, @NonNull InetSocketAddress local, @NonNull InetSocketAddress remote) {
+        ConnectionInfo connectionInfo = new ConnectionInfo(protocol, local, remote);
+        try {
+            return mService.getConnectionOwnerUid(connectionInfo);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void printStackTrace() {
+        if (DEBUG) {
+            final StackTraceElement[] callStack = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace();
+            final StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
+            for (int i = 3; i < callStack.length; i++) {
+                final String stackTrace = callStack[i].toString();
+                if (stackTrace == null || stackTrace.contains("android.os")) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                sb.append(" [").append(stackTrace).append("]");
+            }
+            Log.d(TAG, "StackLog:" + sb.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public TestNetworkManager startOrGetTestNetworkManager() {
+        final IBinder tnBinder;
+        try {
+            tnBinder = mService.startOrGetTestNetworkService();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+
+        return new TestNetworkManager(ITestNetworkManager.Stub.asInterface(tnBinder));
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager createDiagnosticsManager() {
+        return new ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager(mContext, mService);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Simulates a Data Stall for the specified Network.
+     *
+     * <p>This method should only be used for tests.
+     *
+     * <p>The caller must be the owner of the specified Network. This simulates a data stall to
+     * have the system behave as if it had happened, but does not actually stall connectivity.
+     *
+     * @param detectionMethod The detection method used to identify the Data Stall.
+     *                        See ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.DataStallReport.DETECTION_METHOD_*.
+     * @param timestampMillis The timestamp at which the stall 'occurred', in milliseconds, as per
+     *                        SystemClock.elapsedRealtime.
+     * @param network The Network for which a Data Stall is being simluated.
+     * @param extras The PersistableBundle of extras included in the Data Stall notification.
+     * @throws SecurityException if the caller is not the owner of the given network.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK})
+    public void simulateDataStall(@DetectionMethod int detectionMethod, long timestampMillis,
+            @NonNull Network network, @NonNull PersistableBundle extras) {
+        try {
+            mService.simulateDataStall(detectionMethod, timestampMillis, network, extras);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    private final List<QosCallbackConnection> mQosCallbackConnections = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    /**
+     * Registers a {@link QosSocketInfo} with an associated {@link QosCallback}.  The callback will
+     * receive available QoS events related to the {@link Network} and local ip + port
+     * specified within socketInfo.
+     * <p/>
+     * The same {@link QosCallback} must be unregistered before being registered a second time,
+     * otherwise {@link QosCallbackRegistrationException} is thrown.
+     * <p/>
+     * This API does not, in itself, require any permission if called with a network that is not
+     * restricted. However, the underlying implementation currently only supports the IMS network,
+     * which is always restricted. That means non-preinstalled callers can't possibly find this API
+     * useful, because they'd never be called back on networks that they would have access to.
+     *
+     * @throws SecurityException if {@link QosSocketInfo#getNetwork()} is restricted and the app is
+     * missing CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS permission.
+     * @throws QosCallback.QosCallbackRegistrationException if qosCallback is already registered.
+     * @throws RuntimeException if the app already has too many callbacks registered.
+     *
+     * Exceptions after the time of registration is passed through
+     * {@link QosCallback#onError(QosCallbackException)}.  see: {@link QosCallbackException}.
+     *
+     * @param socketInfo the socket information used to match QoS events
+     * @param executor The executor on which the callback will be invoked. The provided
+     *                 {@link Executor} must run callback sequentially, otherwise the order of
+     *                 callbacks cannot be guaranteed.onQosCallbackRegistered
+     * @param callback receives qos events that satisfy socketInfo
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public void registerQosCallback(@NonNull final QosSocketInfo socketInfo,
+            @CallbackExecutor @NonNull final Executor executor,
+            @NonNull final QosCallback callback) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(socketInfo, "socketInfo must be non-null");
+        Objects.requireNonNull(executor, "executor must be non-null");
+        Objects.requireNonNull(callback, "callback must be non-null");
+
+        try {
+            synchronized (mQosCallbackConnections) {
+                if (getQosCallbackConnection(callback) == null) {
+                    final QosCallbackConnection connection =
+                            new QosCallbackConnection(this, callback, executor);
+                    mQosCallbackConnections.add(connection);
+                    mService.registerQosSocketCallback(socketInfo, connection);
+                } else {
+                    Log.e(TAG, "registerQosCallback: Callback already registered");
+                    throw new QosCallbackRegistrationException();
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (final RemoteException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "registerQosCallback: Error while registering ", e);
+
+            // The same unregister method method is called for consistency even though nothing
+            // will be sent to the ConnectivityService since the callback was never successfully
+            // registered.
+            unregisterQosCallback(callback);
+            e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        } catch (final ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "registerQosCallback: Error while registering ", e);
+            unregisterQosCallback(callback);
+            throw convertServiceException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unregisters the given {@link QosCallback}.  The {@link QosCallback} will no longer receive
+     * events once unregistered and can be registered a second time.
+     * <p/>
+     * If the {@link QosCallback} does not have an active registration, it is a no-op.
+     *
+     * @param callback the callback being unregistered
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public void unregisterQosCallback(@NonNull final QosCallback callback) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(callback, "The callback must be non-null");
+        try {
+            synchronized (mQosCallbackConnections) {
+                final QosCallbackConnection connection = getQosCallbackConnection(callback);
+                if (connection != null) {
+                    connection.stopReceivingMessages();
+                    mService.unregisterQosCallback(connection);
+                    mQosCallbackConnections.remove(connection);
+                } else {
+                    Log.d(TAG, "unregisterQosCallback: Callback not registered");
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (final RemoteException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "unregisterQosCallback: Error while unregistering ", e);
+            e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the connection related to the callback.
+     *
+     * @param callback the callback to look up
+     * @return the related connection
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    private QosCallbackConnection getQosCallbackConnection(final QosCallback callback) {
+        for (final QosCallbackConnection connection : mQosCallbackConnections) {
+            // Checking by reference here is intentional
+            if (connection.getCallback() == callback) {
+                return connection;
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Request a network to satisfy a set of {@link NetworkCapabilities}, but
+     * does not cause any networks to retain the NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND capability. This can
+     * be used to request that the system provide a network without causing the network to be
+     * in the foreground.
+     *
+     * <p>This method will attempt to find the best network that matches the passed
+     * {@link NetworkRequest}, and to bring up one that does if none currently satisfies the
+     * criteria. The platform will evaluate which network is the best at its own discretion.
+     * Throughput, latency, cost per byte, policy, user preference and other considerations
+     * may be factored in the decision of what is considered the best network.
+     *
+     * <p>As long as this request is outstanding, the platform will try to maintain the best network
+     * matching this request, while always attempting to match the request to a better network if
+     * possible. If a better match is found, the platform will switch this request to the now-best
+     * network and inform the app of the newly best network by invoking
+     * {@link NetworkCallback#onAvailable(Network)} on the provided callback. Note that the platform
+     * will not try to maintain any other network than the best one currently matching the request:
+     * a network not matching any network request may be disconnected at any time.
+     *
+     * <p>For example, an application could use this method to obtain a connected cellular network
+     * even if the device currently has a data connection over Ethernet. This may cause the cellular
+     * radio to consume additional power. Or, an application could inform the system that it wants
+     * a network supporting sending MMSes and have the system let it know about the currently best
+     * MMS-supporting network through the provided {@link NetworkCallback}.
+     *
+     * <p>The status of the request can be followed by listening to the various callbacks described
+     * in {@link NetworkCallback}. The {@link Network} object passed to the callback methods can be
+     * used to direct traffic to the network (although accessing some networks may be subject to
+     * holding specific permissions). Callers will learn about the specific characteristics of the
+     * network through
+     * {@link NetworkCallback#onCapabilitiesChanged(Network, NetworkCapabilities)} and
+     * {@link NetworkCallback#onLinkPropertiesChanged(Network, LinkProperties)}. The methods of the
+     * provided {@link NetworkCallback} will only be invoked due to changes in the best network
+     * matching the request at any given time; therefore when a better network matching the request
+     * becomes available, the {@link NetworkCallback#onAvailable(Network)} method is called
+     * with the new network after which no further updates are given about the previously-best
+     * network, unless it becomes the best again at some later time. All callbacks are invoked
+     * in order on the same thread, which by default is a thread created by the framework running
+     * in the app.
+     *
+     * <p>This{@link NetworkRequest} will live until released via
+     * {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback)} or the calling application exits, at
+     * which point the system may let go of the network at any time.
+     *
+     * <p>It is presently unsupported to request a network with mutable
+     * {@link NetworkCapabilities} such as
+     * {@link NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED} or
+     * {@link NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL}
+     * as these {@code NetworkCapabilities} represent states that a particular
+     * network may never attain, and whether a network will attain these states
+     * is unknown prior to bringing up the network so the framework does not
+     * know how to go about satisfying a request with these capabilities.
+     *
+     * <p>To avoid performance issues due to apps leaking callbacks, the system will limit the
+     * number of outstanding requests to 100 per app (identified by their UID), shared with
+     * all variants of this method, of {@link #registerNetworkCallback} as well as
+     * {@link ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager#registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback}.
+     * Requesting a network with this method will count toward this limit. If this limit is
+     * exceeded, an exception will be thrown. To avoid hitting this issue and to conserve resources,
+     * make sure to unregister the callbacks with
+     * {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback)}.
+     *
+     * @param request {@link NetworkRequest} describing this request.
+     * @param networkCallback The {@link NetworkCallback} to be utilized for this request. Note
+     *                        the callback must not be shared - it uniquely specifies this request.
+     * @param handler {@link Handler} to specify the thread upon which the callback will be invoked.
+     *                If null, the callback is invoked on the default internal Handler.
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code request} contains invalid network capabilities.
+     * @throws SecurityException if missing the appropriate permissions.
+     * @throws RuntimeException if the app already has too many callbacks registered.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @SuppressLint("ExecutorRegistration")
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK
+    })
+    public void requestBackgroundNetwork(@NonNull NetworkRequest request,
+            @NonNull NetworkCallback networkCallback,
+            @SuppressLint("ListenerLast") @NonNull Handler handler) {
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = request.networkCapabilities;
+        sendRequestForNetwork(nc, networkCallback, 0, BACKGROUND_REQUEST,
+                TYPE_NONE, new CallbackHandler(handler));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Used by automotive devices to set the network preferences used to direct traffic at an
+     * application level as per the given OemNetworkPreferences. An example use-case would be an
+     * automotive OEM wanting to provide connectivity for applications critical to the usage of a
+     * vehicle via a particular network.
+     *
+     * Calling this will overwrite the existing preference.
+     *
+     * @param preference {@link OemNetworkPreferences} The application network preference to be set.
+     * @param executor the executor on which listener will be invoked.
+     * @param listener {@link OnSetOemNetworkPreferenceListener} optional listener used to
+     *                  communicate completion of setOemNetworkPreference(). This will only be
+     *                  called once upon successful completion of setOemNetworkPreference().
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code preference} contains invalid preference values.
+     * @throws SecurityException if missing the appropriate permissions.
+     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if called on a non-automotive device.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.CONTROL_OEM_PAID_NETWORK_PREFERENCE)
+    public void setOemNetworkPreference(@NonNull final OemNetworkPreferences preference,
+            @Nullable @CallbackExecutor final Executor executor,
+            @Nullable final Runnable listener) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(preference, "OemNetworkPreferences must be non-null");
+        if (null != listener) {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(executor, "Executor must be non-null");
+        }
+        final IOnCompleteListener listenerInternal = listener == null ? null :
+                new IOnCompleteListener.Stub() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onComplete() {
+                        executor.execute(listener::run);
+                    }
+        };
+
+        try {
+            mService.setOemNetworkPreference(preference, listenerInternal);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "setOemNetworkPreference() failed for preference: " + preference.toString());
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Request that a user profile is put by default on a network matching a given preference.
+     *
+     * See the documentation for the individual preferences for a description of the supported
+     * behaviors.
+     *
+     * @param profile the profile concerned.
+     * @param preference the preference for this profile.
+     * @param executor an executor to execute the listener on. Optional if listener is null.
+     * @param listener an optional listener to listen for completion of the operation.
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code profile} is not a valid user profile.
+     * @throws SecurityException if missing the appropriate permissions.
+     * @deprecated Use {@link #setProfileNetworkPreferences(UserHandle, List, Executor, Runnable)}
+     * instead as it provides a more flexible API with more options.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    // This function is for establishing per-profile default networking and can only be called by
+    // the device policy manager, running as the system server. It would make no sense to call it
+    // on a context for a user because it does not establish a setting on behalf of a user, rather
+    // it establishes a setting for a user on behalf of the DPM.
+    @SuppressLint({"UserHandle"})
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK)
+    @Deprecated
+    public void setProfileNetworkPreference(@NonNull final UserHandle profile,
+            @ProfileNetworkPreferencePolicy final int preference,
+            @Nullable @CallbackExecutor final Executor executor,
+            @Nullable final Runnable listener) {
+
+        ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder preferenceBuilder =
+                new ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder();
+        preferenceBuilder.setPreference(preference);
+        if (preference != PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT) {
+            preferenceBuilder.setPreferenceEnterpriseId(NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1);
+        }
+        setProfileNetworkPreferences(profile,
+                List.of(preferenceBuilder.build()), executor, listener);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set a list of default network selection policies for a user profile.
+     *
+     * Calling this API with a user handle defines the entire policy for that user handle.
+     * It will overwrite any setting previously set for the same user profile,
+     * and not affect previously set settings for other handles.
+     *
+     * Call this API with an empty list to remove settings for this user profile.
+     *
+     * See {@link ProfileNetworkPreference} for more details on each preference
+     * parameter.
+     *
+     * @param profile the user profile for which the preference is being set.
+     * @param profileNetworkPreferences the list of profile network preferences for the
+     *        provided profile.
+     * @param executor an executor to execute the listener on. Optional if listener is null.
+     * @param listener an optional listener to listen for completion of the operation.
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code profile} is not a valid user profile.
+     * @throws SecurityException if missing the appropriate permissions.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK)
+    public void setProfileNetworkPreferences(
+            @NonNull final UserHandle profile,
+            @NonNull List<ProfileNetworkPreference>  profileNetworkPreferences,
+            @Nullable @CallbackExecutor final Executor executor,
+            @Nullable final Runnable listener) {
+        if (null != listener) {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(executor, "Pass a non-null executor, or a null listener");
+        }
+        final IOnCompleteListener proxy;
+        if (null == listener) {
+            proxy = null;
+        } else {
+            proxy = new IOnCompleteListener.Stub() {
+                @Override
+                public void onComplete() {
+                    executor.execute(listener::run);
+                }
+            };
+        }
+        try {
+            mService.setProfileNetworkPreferences(profile, profileNetworkPreferences, proxy);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // The first network ID of IPSec tunnel interface.
+    private static final int TUN_INTF_NETID_START = 0xFC00; // 0xFC00 = 64512
+    // The network ID range of IPSec tunnel interface.
+    private static final int TUN_INTF_NETID_RANGE = 0x0400; // 0x0400 = 1024
+
+    /**
+     * Get the network ID range reserved for IPSec tunnel interfaces.
+     *
+     * @return A Range which indicates the network ID range of IPSec tunnel interface.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @NonNull
+    public static Range<Integer> getIpSecNetIdRange() {
+        return new Range(TUN_INTF_NETID_START, TUN_INTF_NETID_START + TUN_INTF_NETID_RANGE - 1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds the specified UID to the list of UIds that are allowed to use data on metered networks
+     * even when background data is restricted. The deny list takes precedence over the allow list.
+     *
+     * @param uid uid of target app
+     * @throws IllegalStateException if updating allow list failed.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK
+    })
+    public void addUidToMeteredNetworkAllowList(final int uid) {
+        try {
+            mService.updateMeteredNetworkAllowList(uid, true /* add */);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes the specified UID from the list of UIDs that are allowed to use background data on
+     * metered networks when background data is restricted. The deny list takes precedence over
+     * the allow list.
+     *
+     * @param uid uid of target app
+     * @throws IllegalStateException if updating allow list failed.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK
+    })
+    public void removeUidFromMeteredNetworkAllowList(final int uid) {
+        try {
+            mService.updateMeteredNetworkAllowList(uid, false /* remove */);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds the specified UID to the list of UIDs that are not allowed to use background data on
+     * metered networks. Takes precedence over {@link #addUidToMeteredNetworkAllowList}.
+     *
+     * @param uid uid of target app
+     * @throws IllegalStateException if updating deny list failed.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK
+    })
+    public void addUidToMeteredNetworkDenyList(final int uid) {
+        try {
+            mService.updateMeteredNetworkDenyList(uid, true /* add */);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes the specified UID from the list of UIds that can use use background data on metered
+     * networks if background data is not restricted. The deny list takes precedence over the
+     * allow list.
+     *
+     * @param uid uid of target app
+     * @throws IllegalStateException if updating deny list failed.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK
+    })
+    public void removeUidFromMeteredNetworkDenyList(final int uid) {
+        try {
+            mService.updateMeteredNetworkDenyList(uid, false /* remove */);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets a firewall rule for the specified UID on the specified chain.
+     *
+     * @param chain target chain.
+     * @param uid uid to allow/deny.
+     * @param allow whether networking is allowed or denied.
+     * @throws IllegalStateException if updating firewall rule failed.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK
+    })
+    public void updateFirewallRule(@FirewallChain final int chain, final int uid,
+            final boolean allow) {
+        try {
+            mService.updateFirewallRule(chain, uid, allow);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Enables or disables the specified firewall chain.
+     *
+     * @param chain target chain.
+     * @param enable whether the chain should be enabled.
+     * @throws IllegalStateException if enabling or disabling the firewall chain failed.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK
+    })
+    public void setFirewallChainEnabled(@FirewallChain final int chain, final boolean enable) {
+        try {
+            mService.setFirewallChainEnabled(chain, enable);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replaces the contents of the specified UID-based firewall chain.
+     *
+     * @param chain target chain to replace.
+     * @param uids The list of UIDs to be placed into chain.
+     * @throws IllegalStateException if replacing the firewall chain failed.
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code chain} is not a valid chain.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK
+    })
+    public void replaceFirewallChain(@FirewallChain final int chain, @NonNull final int[] uids) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(uids);
+        try {
+            mService.replaceFirewallChain(chain, uids);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityResources.java b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityResources.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..18f0de0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityResources.java
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.MATCH_SYSTEM_ONLY;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.content.pm.ResolveInfo;
+import android.content.res.Resources;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * Utility to obtain the {@link com.android.server.ConnectivityService} {@link Resources}, in the
+ * ServiceConnectivityResources APK.
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class ConnectivityResources {
+    private static final String RESOURCES_APK_INTENT =
+            "com.android.server.connectivity.intent.action.SERVICE_CONNECTIVITY_RESOURCES_APK";
+    private static final String RES_PKG_DIR = "/apex/com.android.tethering/";
+
+    @NonNull
+    private final Context mContext;
+
+    @Nullable
+    private Context mResourcesContext = null;
+
+    @Nullable
+    private static Context sTestResourcesContext = null;
+
+    public ConnectivityResources(Context context) {
+        mContext = context;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience method to mock all resources for the duration of a test.
+     *
+     * Call with a null context to reset after the test.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static void setResourcesContextForTest(@Nullable Context testContext) {
+        sTestResourcesContext = testContext;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the {@link Context} of the resources package.
+     */
+    public synchronized Context getResourcesContext() {
+        if (sTestResourcesContext != null) {
+            return sTestResourcesContext;
+        }
+
+        if (mResourcesContext != null) {
+            return mResourcesContext;
+        }
+
+        final List<ResolveInfo> pkgs = mContext.getPackageManager()
+                .queryIntentActivities(new Intent(RESOURCES_APK_INTENT), MATCH_SYSTEM_ONLY);
+        pkgs.removeIf(pkg -> !pkg.activityInfo.applicationInfo.sourceDir.startsWith(RES_PKG_DIR));
+        if (pkgs.size() > 1) {
+            Log.wtf(ConnectivityResources.class.getSimpleName(),
+                    "More than one package found: " + pkgs);
+        }
+        if (pkgs.isEmpty()) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("No connectivity resource package found");
+        }
+
+        final Context pkgContext;
+        try {
+            pkgContext = mContext.createPackageContext(
+                    pkgs.get(0).activityInfo.applicationInfo.packageName, 0 /* flags */);
+        } catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Resolved package not found", e);
+        }
+
+        mResourcesContext = pkgContext;
+        return pkgContext;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the {@link Resources} of the ServiceConnectivityResources APK.
+     */
+    public Resources get() {
+        return getResourcesContext().getResources();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivitySettingsManager.java b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivitySettingsManager.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..822e67d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivitySettingsManager.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1117 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_HANDOVER;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_PERFORMANCE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_RELIABILITY;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.ConnectivitySettingsUtils.getPrivateDnsModeAsString;
+
+import android.annotation.IntDef;
+import android.annotation.IntRange;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.MultipathPreference;
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Process;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
+import android.provider.Settings;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
+import android.util.Range;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.ConnectivitySettingsUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.ProxyUtils;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.StringJoiner;
+
+/**
+ * A manager class for connectivity module settings.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+public class ConnectivitySettingsManager {
+
+    private ConnectivitySettingsManager() {}
+
+    /** Data activity timeout settings */
+
+    /**
+     * Inactivity timeout to track mobile data activity.
+     *
+     * If set to a positive integer, it indicates the inactivity timeout value in seconds to
+     * infer the data activity of mobile network. After a period of no activity on mobile
+     * networks with length specified by the timeout, an {@code ACTION_DATA_ACTIVITY_CHANGE}
+     * intent is fired to indicate a transition of network status from "active" to "idle". Any
+     * subsequent activity on mobile networks triggers the firing of {@code
+     * ACTION_DATA_ACTIVITY_CHANGE} intent indicating transition from "idle" to "active".
+     *
+     * Network activity refers to transmitting or receiving data on the network interfaces.
+     *
+     * Tracking is disabled if set to zero or negative value.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String DATA_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT_MOBILE = "data_activity_timeout_mobile";
+
+    /**
+     * Timeout to tracking Wifi data activity. Same as {@code DATA_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT_MOBILE}
+     * but for Wifi network.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String DATA_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT_WIFI = "data_activity_timeout_wifi";
+
+    /** Dns resolver settings */
+
+    /**
+     * Sample validity in seconds to configure for the system DNS resolver.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String DNS_RESOLVER_SAMPLE_VALIDITY_SECONDS =
+            "dns_resolver_sample_validity_seconds";
+
+    /**
+     * Success threshold in percent for use with the system DNS resolver.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String DNS_RESOLVER_SUCCESS_THRESHOLD_PERCENT =
+            "dns_resolver_success_threshold_percent";
+
+    /**
+     * Minimum number of samples needed for statistics to be considered meaningful in the
+     * system DNS resolver.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String DNS_RESOLVER_MIN_SAMPLES = "dns_resolver_min_samples";
+
+    /**
+     * Maximum number taken into account for statistics purposes in the system DNS resolver.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String DNS_RESOLVER_MAX_SAMPLES = "dns_resolver_max_samples";
+
+    private static final int DNS_RESOLVER_DEFAULT_MIN_SAMPLES = 8;
+    private static final int DNS_RESOLVER_DEFAULT_MAX_SAMPLES = 64;
+
+    /** Network switch notification settings */
+
+    /**
+     * The maximum number of notifications shown in 24 hours when switching networks.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String NETWORK_SWITCH_NOTIFICATION_DAILY_LIMIT =
+            "network_switch_notification_daily_limit";
+
+    /**
+     * The minimum time in milliseconds between notifications when switching networks.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String NETWORK_SWITCH_NOTIFICATION_RATE_LIMIT_MILLIS =
+            "network_switch_notification_rate_limit_millis";
+
+    /** Captive portal settings */
+
+    /**
+     * The URL used for HTTP captive portal detection upon a new connection.
+     * A 204 response code from the server is used for validation.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String CAPTIVE_PORTAL_HTTP_URL = "captive_portal_http_url";
+
+    /**
+     * What to do when connecting a network that presents a captive portal.
+     * Must be one of the CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE_* constants below.
+     *
+     * The default for this setting is CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE_PROMPT.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE = "captive_portal_mode";
+
+    /**
+     * Don't attempt to detect captive portals.
+     */
+    public static final int CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE_IGNORE = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * When detecting a captive portal, display a notification that
+     * prompts the user to sign in.
+     */
+    public static final int CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE_PROMPT = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * When detecting a captive portal, immediately disconnect from the
+     * network and do not reconnect to that network in the future.
+     */
+    public static final int CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE_AVOID = 2;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(value = {
+            CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE_IGNORE,
+            CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE_PROMPT,
+            CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE_AVOID,
+    })
+    public @interface CaptivePortalMode {}
+
+    /** Global http proxy settings */
+
+    /**
+     * Host name for global http proxy. Set via ConnectivityManager.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_HOST = "global_http_proxy_host";
+
+    /**
+     * Integer host port for global http proxy. Set via ConnectivityManager.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_PORT = "global_http_proxy_port";
+
+    /**
+     * Exclusion list for global proxy. This string contains a list of
+     * comma-separated domains where the global proxy does not apply.
+     * Domains should be listed in a comma- separated list. Example of
+     * acceptable formats: ".domain1.com,my.domain2.com" Use
+     * ConnectivityManager to set/get.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_EXCLUSION_LIST =
+            "global_http_proxy_exclusion_list";
+
+    /**
+     * The location PAC File for the proxy.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_PAC = "global_proxy_pac_url";
+
+    /** Private dns settings */
+
+    /**
+     * The requested Private DNS mode (string), and an accompanying specifier (string).
+     *
+     * Currently, the specifier holds the chosen provider name when the mode requests
+     * a specific provider. It may be used to store the provider name even when the
+     * mode changes so that temporarily disabling and re-enabling the specific
+     * provider mode does not necessitate retyping the provider hostname.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String PRIVATE_DNS_MODE = "private_dns_mode";
+
+    /**
+     * The specific Private DNS provider name.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String PRIVATE_DNS_SPECIFIER = "private_dns_specifier";
+
+    /**
+     * Forced override of the default mode (hardcoded as "automatic", nee "opportunistic").
+     * This allows changing the default mode without effectively disabling other modes,
+     * all of which require explicit user action to enable/configure. See also b/79719289.
+     *
+     * Value is a string, suitable for assignment to PRIVATE_DNS_MODE above.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String PRIVATE_DNS_DEFAULT_MODE = "private_dns_default_mode";
+
+    /** Other settings */
+
+    /**
+     * The number of milliseconds to hold on to a PendingIntent based request. This delay gives
+     * the receivers of the PendingIntent an opportunity to make a new network request before
+     * the Network satisfying the request is potentially removed.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String CONNECTIVITY_RELEASE_PENDING_INTENT_DELAY_MS =
+            "connectivity_release_pending_intent_delay_ms";
+
+    /**
+     * Whether the mobile data connection should remain active even when higher
+     * priority networks like WiFi are active, to help make network switching faster.
+     *
+     * See ConnectivityService for more info.
+     *
+     * (0 = disabled, 1 = enabled)
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String MOBILE_DATA_ALWAYS_ON = "mobile_data_always_on";
+
+    /**
+     * Whether the wifi data connection should remain active even when higher
+     * priority networks like Ethernet are active, to keep both networks.
+     * In the case where higher priority networks are connected, wifi will be
+     * unused unless an application explicitly requests to use it.
+     *
+     * See ConnectivityService for more info.
+     *
+     * (0 = disabled, 1 = enabled)
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String WIFI_ALWAYS_REQUESTED = "wifi_always_requested";
+
+    /**
+     * Whether to automatically switch away from wifi networks that lose Internet access.
+     * Only meaningful if config_networkAvoidBadWifi is set to 0, otherwise the system always
+     * avoids such networks. Valid values are:
+     *
+     * 0: Don't avoid bad wifi, don't prompt the user. Get stuck on bad wifi like it's 2013.
+     * null: Ask the user whether to switch away from bad wifi.
+     * 1: Avoid bad wifi.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI = "network_avoid_bad_wifi";
+
+    /**
+     * Don't avoid bad wifi, don't prompt the user. Get stuck on bad wifi like it's 2013.
+     */
+    public static final int NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI_IGNORE = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Ask the user whether to switch away from bad wifi.
+     */
+    public static final int NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI_PROMPT = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * Avoid bad wifi.
+     */
+    public static final int NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI_AVOID = 2;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(value = {
+            NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI_IGNORE,
+            NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI_PROMPT,
+            NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI_AVOID,
+    })
+    public @interface NetworkAvoidBadWifi {}
+
+    /**
+     * User setting for ConnectivityManager.getMeteredMultipathPreference(). This value may be
+     * overridden by the system based on device or application state. If null, the value
+     * specified by config_networkMeteredMultipathPreference is used.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String NETWORK_METERED_MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE =
+            "network_metered_multipath_preference";
+
+    /**
+     * A list of uids that should go on cellular networks in preference even when higher-priority
+     * networks are connected.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String MOBILE_DATA_PREFERRED_UIDS = "mobile_data_preferred_uids";
+
+    /**
+     * One of the private DNS modes that indicates the private DNS mode is off.
+     */
+    public static final int PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OFF = ConnectivitySettingsUtils.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OFF;
+
+    /**
+     * One of the private DNS modes that indicates the private DNS mode is automatic, which
+     * will try to use the current DNS as private DNS.
+     */
+    public static final int PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC =
+            ConnectivitySettingsUtils.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC;
+
+    /**
+     * One of the private DNS modes that indicates the private DNS mode is strict and the
+     * {@link #PRIVATE_DNS_SPECIFIER} is required, which will try to use the value of
+     * {@link #PRIVATE_DNS_SPECIFIER} as private DNS.
+     */
+    public static final int PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_PROVIDER_HOSTNAME =
+            ConnectivitySettingsUtils.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_PROVIDER_HOSTNAME;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(value = {
+            PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OFF,
+            PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC,
+            PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_PROVIDER_HOSTNAME,
+    })
+    public @interface PrivateDnsMode {}
+
+    /**
+     * A list of uids that is allowed to use restricted networks.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String UIDS_ALLOWED_ON_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS =
+            "uids_allowed_on_restricted_networks";
+
+    /**
+     * A global rate limit that applies to all networks with NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET when enabled.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String INGRESS_RATE_LIMIT_BYTES_PER_SECOND =
+            "ingress_rate_limit_bytes_per_second";
+
+    /**
+     * Get mobile data activity timeout from {@link Settings}.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to query the setting.
+     * @param def The default timeout if no setting value.
+     * @return The {@link Duration} of timeout to track mobile data activity.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public static Duration getMobileDataActivityTimeout(@NonNull Context context,
+            @NonNull Duration def) {
+        final int timeout = Settings.Global.getInt(
+                context.getContentResolver(), DATA_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT_MOBILE, (int) def.getSeconds());
+        return Duration.ofSeconds(timeout);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set mobile data activity timeout to {@link Settings}.
+     * Tracking is disabled if set to zero or negative value.
+     *
+     * Note: Only use the number of seconds in this duration, lower second(nanoseconds) will be
+     * ignored.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to set the setting.
+     * @param timeout The mobile data activity timeout.
+     */
+    public static void setMobileDataActivityTimeout(@NonNull Context context,
+            @NonNull Duration timeout) {
+        Settings.Global.putInt(context.getContentResolver(), DATA_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT_MOBILE,
+                (int) timeout.getSeconds());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get wifi data activity timeout from {@link Settings}.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to query the setting.
+     * @param def The default timeout if no setting value.
+     * @return The {@link Duration} of timeout to track wifi data activity.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public static Duration getWifiDataActivityTimeout(@NonNull Context context,
+            @NonNull Duration def) {
+        final int timeout = Settings.Global.getInt(
+                context.getContentResolver(), DATA_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT_WIFI, (int) def.getSeconds());
+        return Duration.ofSeconds(timeout);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set wifi data activity timeout to {@link Settings}.
+     * Tracking is disabled if set to zero or negative value.
+     *
+     * Note: Only use the number of seconds in this duration, lower second(nanoseconds) will be
+     * ignored.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to set the setting.
+     * @param timeout The wifi data activity timeout.
+     */
+    public static void setWifiDataActivityTimeout(@NonNull Context context,
+            @NonNull Duration timeout) {
+        Settings.Global.putInt(context.getContentResolver(), DATA_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT_WIFI,
+                (int) timeout.getSeconds());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get dns resolver sample validity duration from {@link Settings}.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to query the setting.
+     * @param def The default duration if no setting value.
+     * @return The {@link Duration} of sample validity duration to configure for the system DNS
+     *         resolver.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public static Duration getDnsResolverSampleValidityDuration(@NonNull Context context,
+            @NonNull Duration def) {
+        final int duration = Settings.Global.getInt(context.getContentResolver(),
+                DNS_RESOLVER_SAMPLE_VALIDITY_SECONDS, (int) def.getSeconds());
+        return Duration.ofSeconds(duration);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set dns resolver sample validity duration to {@link Settings}. The duration must be a
+     * positive number of seconds.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to set the setting.
+     * @param duration The sample validity duration.
+     */
+    public static void setDnsResolverSampleValidityDuration(@NonNull Context context,
+            @NonNull Duration duration) {
+        final int time = (int) duration.getSeconds();
+        if (time <= 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid duration");
+        }
+        Settings.Global.putInt(
+                context.getContentResolver(), DNS_RESOLVER_SAMPLE_VALIDITY_SECONDS, time);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get dns resolver success threshold percent from {@link Settings}.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to query the setting.
+     * @param def The default value if no setting value.
+     * @return The success threshold in percent for use with the system DNS resolver.
+     */
+    public static int getDnsResolverSuccessThresholdPercent(@NonNull Context context, int def) {
+        return Settings.Global.getInt(
+                context.getContentResolver(), DNS_RESOLVER_SUCCESS_THRESHOLD_PERCENT, def);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set dns resolver success threshold percent to {@link Settings}. The threshold percent must
+     * be 0~100.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to set the setting.
+     * @param percent The success threshold percent.
+     */
+    public static void setDnsResolverSuccessThresholdPercent(@NonNull Context context,
+            @IntRange(from = 0, to = 100) int percent) {
+        if (percent < 0 || percent > 100) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Percent must be 0~100");
+        }
+        Settings.Global.putInt(
+                context.getContentResolver(), DNS_RESOLVER_SUCCESS_THRESHOLD_PERCENT, percent);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get dns resolver samples range from {@link Settings}.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to query the setting.
+     * @return The {@link Range<Integer>} of samples needed for statistics to be considered
+     *         meaningful in the system DNS resolver.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public static Range<Integer> getDnsResolverSampleRanges(@NonNull Context context) {
+        final int minSamples = Settings.Global.getInt(context.getContentResolver(),
+                DNS_RESOLVER_MIN_SAMPLES, DNS_RESOLVER_DEFAULT_MIN_SAMPLES);
+        final int maxSamples = Settings.Global.getInt(context.getContentResolver(),
+                DNS_RESOLVER_MAX_SAMPLES, DNS_RESOLVER_DEFAULT_MAX_SAMPLES);
+        return new Range<>(minSamples, maxSamples);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set dns resolver samples range to {@link Settings}.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to set the setting.
+     * @param range The samples range. The minimum number should be more than 0 and the maximum
+     *              number should be less that 64.
+     */
+    public static void setDnsResolverSampleRanges(@NonNull Context context,
+            @NonNull Range<Integer> range) {
+        if (range.getLower() < 0 || range.getUpper() > 64) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Argument must be 0~64");
+        }
+        Settings.Global.putInt(
+                context.getContentResolver(), DNS_RESOLVER_MIN_SAMPLES, range.getLower());
+        Settings.Global.putInt(
+                context.getContentResolver(), DNS_RESOLVER_MAX_SAMPLES, range.getUpper());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get maximum count (from {@link Settings}) of switching network notifications shown in 24
+     * hours.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to query the setting.
+     * @param def The default value if no setting value.
+     * @return The maximum count of notifications shown in 24 hours when switching networks.
+     */
+    public static int getNetworkSwitchNotificationMaximumDailyCount(@NonNull Context context,
+            int def) {
+        return Settings.Global.getInt(
+                context.getContentResolver(), NETWORK_SWITCH_NOTIFICATION_DAILY_LIMIT, def);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set maximum count (to {@link Settings}) of switching network notifications shown in 24 hours.
+     * The count must be at least 0.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to set the setting.
+     * @param count The maximum count of switching network notifications shown in 24 hours.
+     */
+    public static void setNetworkSwitchNotificationMaximumDailyCount(@NonNull Context context,
+            @IntRange(from = 0) int count) {
+        if (count < 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Count must be more than 0.");
+        }
+        Settings.Global.putInt(
+                context.getContentResolver(), NETWORK_SWITCH_NOTIFICATION_DAILY_LIMIT, count);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get minimum duration (from {@link Settings}) between each switching network notifications.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to query the setting.
+     * @param def The default time if no setting value.
+     * @return The minimum duration between notifications when switching networks.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public static Duration getNetworkSwitchNotificationRateDuration(@NonNull Context context,
+            @NonNull Duration def) {
+        final int duration = Settings.Global.getInt(context.getContentResolver(),
+                NETWORK_SWITCH_NOTIFICATION_RATE_LIMIT_MILLIS, (int) def.toMillis());
+        return Duration.ofMillis(duration);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set minimum duration (to {@link Settings}) between each switching network notifications.
+     * The duration will be rounded down to the next millisecond, and must be positive.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to set the setting.
+     * @param duration The minimum duration between notifications when switching networks.
+     */
+    public static void setNetworkSwitchNotificationRateDuration(@NonNull Context context,
+            @NonNull Duration duration) {
+        final int time = (int) duration.toMillis();
+        if (time < 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid duration.");
+        }
+        Settings.Global.putInt(context.getContentResolver(),
+                NETWORK_SWITCH_NOTIFICATION_RATE_LIMIT_MILLIS, time);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get URL (from {@link Settings}) used for HTTP captive portal detection upon a new connection.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to query the setting.
+     * @return The URL used for HTTP captive portal detection upon a new connection.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public static String getCaptivePortalHttpUrl(@NonNull Context context) {
+        return Settings.Global.getString(context.getContentResolver(), CAPTIVE_PORTAL_HTTP_URL);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set URL (to {@link Settings}) used for HTTP captive portal detection upon a new connection.
+     * The URL is accessed to check for connectivity and presence of a captive portal on a network.
+     * The URL should respond with HTTP status 204 to a GET request, and the stack will use
+     * redirection status as a signal for captive portal detection.
+     * If the URL is set to null or is otherwise incorrect or inaccessible, the stack will fail to
+     * detect connectivity and portals. This will often result in loss of connectivity.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to set the setting.
+     * @param url The URL used for HTTP captive portal detection upon a new connection.
+     */
+    public static void setCaptivePortalHttpUrl(@NonNull Context context, @Nullable String url) {
+        Settings.Global.putString(context.getContentResolver(), CAPTIVE_PORTAL_HTTP_URL, url);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get mode (from {@link Settings}) when connecting a network that presents a captive portal.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to query the setting.
+     * @param def The default mode if no setting value.
+     * @return The mode when connecting a network that presents a captive portal.
+     */
+    @CaptivePortalMode
+    public static int getCaptivePortalMode(@NonNull Context context,
+            @CaptivePortalMode int def) {
+        return Settings.Global.getInt(context.getContentResolver(), CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE, def);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set mode (to {@link Settings}) when connecting a network that presents a captive portal.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to set the setting.
+     * @param mode The mode when connecting a network that presents a captive portal.
+     */
+    public static void setCaptivePortalMode(@NonNull Context context, @CaptivePortalMode int mode) {
+        if (!(mode == CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE_IGNORE
+                || mode == CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE_PROMPT
+                || mode == CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE_AVOID)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid captive portal mode");
+        }
+        Settings.Global.putInt(context.getContentResolver(), CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE, mode);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the global HTTP proxy applied to the device, or null if none.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to query the setting.
+     * @return The {@link ProxyInfo} which build from global http proxy settings.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public static ProxyInfo getGlobalProxy(@NonNull Context context) {
+        final String host = Settings.Global.getString(
+                context.getContentResolver(), GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_HOST);
+        final int port = Settings.Global.getInt(
+                context.getContentResolver(), GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_PORT, 0 /* def */);
+        final String exclusionList = Settings.Global.getString(
+                context.getContentResolver(), GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_EXCLUSION_LIST);
+        final String pacFileUrl = Settings.Global.getString(
+                context.getContentResolver(), GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_PAC);
+
+        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(host) && TextUtils.isEmpty(pacFileUrl)) {
+            return null; // No global proxy.
+        }
+
+        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(pacFileUrl)) {
+            return ProxyInfo.buildDirectProxy(
+                    host, port, ProxyUtils.exclusionStringAsList(exclusionList));
+        } else {
+            return ProxyInfo.buildPacProxy(Uri.parse(pacFileUrl));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set global http proxy settings from given {@link ProxyInfo}.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to set the setting.
+     * @param proxyInfo The {@link ProxyInfo} for global http proxy settings which build from
+     *                    {@link ProxyInfo#buildPacProxy(Uri)} or
+     *                    {@link ProxyInfo#buildDirectProxy(String, int, List)}
+     */
+    public static void setGlobalProxy(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull ProxyInfo proxyInfo) {
+        final String host = proxyInfo.getHost();
+        final int port = proxyInfo.getPort();
+        final String exclusionList = proxyInfo.getExclusionListAsString();
+        final String pacFileUrl = proxyInfo.getPacFileUrl().toString();
+
+        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(pacFileUrl)) {
+            Settings.Global.putString(context.getContentResolver(), GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_HOST, host);
+            Settings.Global.putInt(context.getContentResolver(), GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_PORT, port);
+            Settings.Global.putString(
+                    context.getContentResolver(), GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_EXCLUSION_LIST, exclusionList);
+            Settings.Global.putString(
+                    context.getContentResolver(), GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_PAC, "" /* value */);
+        } else {
+            Settings.Global.putString(
+                    context.getContentResolver(), GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_PAC, pacFileUrl);
+            Settings.Global.putString(
+                    context.getContentResolver(), GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_HOST, "" /* value */);
+            Settings.Global.putInt(
+                    context.getContentResolver(), GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_PORT, 0 /* value */);
+            Settings.Global.putString(
+                    context.getContentResolver(), GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_EXCLUSION_LIST, "" /* value */);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clear all global http proxy settings.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to set the setting.
+     */
+    public static void clearGlobalProxy(@NonNull Context context) {
+        Settings.Global.putString(
+                context.getContentResolver(), GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_HOST, "" /* value */);
+        Settings.Global.putInt(
+                context.getContentResolver(), GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_PORT, 0 /* value */);
+        Settings.Global.putString(
+                context.getContentResolver(), GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_EXCLUSION_LIST, "" /* value */);
+        Settings.Global.putString(
+                context.getContentResolver(), GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_PAC, "" /* value */);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get private DNS mode from settings.
+     *
+     * @param context The Context to query the private DNS mode from settings.
+     * @return A string of private DNS mode.
+     */
+    @PrivateDnsMode
+    public static int getPrivateDnsMode(@NonNull Context context) {
+        return ConnectivitySettingsUtils.getPrivateDnsMode(context);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set private DNS mode to settings.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to set the private DNS mode.
+     * @param mode The private dns mode. This should be one of the PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_* constants.
+     */
+    public static void setPrivateDnsMode(@NonNull Context context, @PrivateDnsMode int mode) {
+        ConnectivitySettingsUtils.setPrivateDnsMode(context, mode);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get specific private dns provider name from {@link Settings}.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to query the setting.
+     * @return The specific private dns provider name, or null if no setting value.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public static String getPrivateDnsHostname(@NonNull Context context) {
+        return ConnectivitySettingsUtils.getPrivateDnsHostname(context);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set specific private dns provider name to {@link Settings}.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to set the setting.
+     * @param specifier The specific private dns provider name.
+     */
+    public static void setPrivateDnsHostname(@NonNull Context context, @Nullable String specifier) {
+        ConnectivitySettingsUtils.setPrivateDnsHostname(context, specifier);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get default private dns mode from {@link Settings}.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to query the setting.
+     * @return The default private dns mode.
+     */
+    @PrivateDnsMode
+    @NonNull
+    public static String getPrivateDnsDefaultMode(@NonNull Context context) {
+        return Settings.Global.getString(context.getContentResolver(), PRIVATE_DNS_DEFAULT_MODE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set default private dns mode to {@link Settings}.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to set the setting.
+     * @param mode The default private dns mode. This should be one of the PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_*
+     *             constants.
+     */
+    public static void setPrivateDnsDefaultMode(@NonNull Context context,
+            @NonNull @PrivateDnsMode int mode) {
+        if (!(mode == PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OFF
+                || mode == PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC
+                || mode == PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_PROVIDER_HOSTNAME)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid private dns mode");
+        }
+        Settings.Global.putString(context.getContentResolver(), PRIVATE_DNS_DEFAULT_MODE,
+                getPrivateDnsModeAsString(mode));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get duration (from {@link Settings}) to keep a PendingIntent-based request.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to query the setting.
+     * @param def The default duration if no setting value.
+     * @return The duration to keep a PendingIntent-based request.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public static Duration getConnectivityKeepPendingIntentDuration(@NonNull Context context,
+            @NonNull Duration def) {
+        final int duration = Settings.Secure.getInt(context.getContentResolver(),
+                CONNECTIVITY_RELEASE_PENDING_INTENT_DELAY_MS, (int) def.toMillis());
+        return Duration.ofMillis(duration);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set duration (to {@link Settings}) to keep a PendingIntent-based request.
+     * The duration will be rounded down to the next millisecond, and must be positive.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to set the setting.
+     * @param duration The duration to keep a PendingIntent-based request.
+     */
+    public static void setConnectivityKeepPendingIntentDuration(@NonNull Context context,
+            @NonNull Duration duration) {
+        final int time = (int) duration.toMillis();
+        if (time < 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid duration.");
+        }
+        Settings.Secure.putInt(
+                context.getContentResolver(), CONNECTIVITY_RELEASE_PENDING_INTENT_DELAY_MS, time);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Read from {@link Settings} whether the mobile data connection should remain active
+     * even when higher priority networks are active.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to query the setting.
+     * @param def The default value if no setting value.
+     * @return Whether the mobile data connection should remain active even when higher
+     *         priority networks are active.
+     */
+    public static boolean getMobileDataAlwaysOn(@NonNull Context context, boolean def) {
+        final int enable = Settings.Global.getInt(
+                context.getContentResolver(), MOBILE_DATA_ALWAYS_ON, (def ? 1 : 0));
+        return (enable != 0) ? true : false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write into {@link Settings} whether the mobile data connection should remain active
+     * even when higher priority networks are active.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to set the setting.
+     * @param enable Whether the mobile data connection should remain active even when higher
+     *               priority networks are active.
+     */
+    public static void setMobileDataAlwaysOn(@NonNull Context context, boolean enable) {
+        Settings.Global.putInt(
+                context.getContentResolver(), MOBILE_DATA_ALWAYS_ON, (enable ? 1 : 0));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Read from {@link Settings} whether the wifi data connection should remain active
+     * even when higher priority networks are active.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to query the setting.
+     * @param def The default value if no setting value.
+     * @return Whether the wifi data connection should remain active even when higher
+     *         priority networks are active.
+     */
+    public static boolean getWifiAlwaysRequested(@NonNull Context context, boolean def) {
+        final int enable = Settings.Global.getInt(
+                context.getContentResolver(), WIFI_ALWAYS_REQUESTED, (def ? 1 : 0));
+        return (enable != 0) ? true : false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write into {@link Settings} whether the wifi data connection should remain active
+     * even when higher priority networks are active.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to set the setting.
+     * @param enable Whether the wifi data connection should remain active even when higher
+     *               priority networks are active
+     */
+    public static void setWifiAlwaysRequested(@NonNull Context context, boolean enable) {
+        Settings.Global.putInt(
+                context.getContentResolver(), WIFI_ALWAYS_REQUESTED, (enable ? 1 : 0));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get avoid bad wifi setting from {@link Settings}.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to query the setting.
+     * @return The setting whether to automatically switch away from wifi networks that lose
+     *         internet access.
+     */
+    @NetworkAvoidBadWifi
+    public static int getNetworkAvoidBadWifi(@NonNull Context context) {
+        final String setting =
+                Settings.Global.getString(context.getContentResolver(), NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI);
+        if ("0".equals(setting)) {
+            return NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI_IGNORE;
+        } else if ("1".equals(setting)) {
+            return NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI_AVOID;
+        } else {
+            return NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI_PROMPT;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set avoid bad wifi setting to {@link Settings}.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to set the setting.
+     * @param value Whether to automatically switch away from wifi networks that lose internet
+     *              access.
+     */
+    public static void setNetworkAvoidBadWifi(@NonNull Context context,
+            @NetworkAvoidBadWifi int value) {
+        final String setting;
+        if (value == NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI_IGNORE) {
+            setting = "0";
+        } else if (value == NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI_AVOID) {
+            setting = "1";
+        } else if (value == NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI_PROMPT) {
+            setting = null;
+        } else {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid avoid bad wifi setting");
+        }
+        Settings.Global.putString(context.getContentResolver(), NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI, setting);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get network metered multipath preference from {@link Settings}.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to query the setting.
+     * @return The network metered multipath preference which should be one of
+     *         ConnectivityManager#MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_* value or null if the value specified
+     *         by config_networkMeteredMultipathPreference is used.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public static String getNetworkMeteredMultipathPreference(@NonNull Context context) {
+        return Settings.Global.getString(
+                context.getContentResolver(), NETWORK_METERED_MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set network metered multipath preference to {@link Settings}.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to set the setting.
+     * @param preference The network metered multipath preference which should be one of
+     *                   ConnectivityManager#MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_* value or null if the value
+     *                   specified by config_networkMeteredMultipathPreference is used.
+     */
+    public static void setNetworkMeteredMultipathPreference(@NonNull Context context,
+            @NonNull @MultipathPreference String preference) {
+        if (!(Integer.valueOf(preference) == MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_HANDOVER
+                || Integer.valueOf(preference) == MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_RELIABILITY
+                || Integer.valueOf(preference) == MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_PERFORMANCE)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid private dns mode");
+        }
+        Settings.Global.putString(
+                context.getContentResolver(), NETWORK_METERED_MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE, preference);
+    }
+
+    private static Set<Integer> getUidSetFromString(@Nullable String uidList) {
+        final Set<Integer> uids = new ArraySet<>();
+        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(uidList)) {
+            return uids;
+        }
+        for (String uid : uidList.split(";")) {
+            uids.add(Integer.valueOf(uid));
+        }
+        return uids;
+    }
+
+    private static String getUidStringFromSet(@NonNull Set<Integer> uidList) {
+        final StringJoiner joiner = new StringJoiner(";");
+        for (Integer uid : uidList) {
+            if (uid < 0 || UserHandle.getAppId(uid) > Process.LAST_APPLICATION_UID) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid uid");
+            }
+            joiner.add(uid.toString());
+        }
+        return joiner.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the list of uids(from {@link Settings}) that should go on cellular networks in preference
+     * even when higher-priority networks are connected.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to query the setting.
+     * @return A list of uids that should go on cellular networks in preference even when
+     *         higher-priority networks are connected or null if no setting value.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public static Set<Integer> getMobileDataPreferredUids(@NonNull Context context) {
+        final String uidList = Settings.Secure.getString(
+                context.getContentResolver(), MOBILE_DATA_PREFERRED_UIDS);
+        return getUidSetFromString(uidList);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the list of uids(to {@link Settings}) that should go on cellular networks in preference
+     * even when higher-priority networks are connected.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to set the setting.
+     * @param uidList A list of uids that should go on cellular networks in preference even when
+     *             higher-priority networks are connected.
+     */
+    public static void setMobileDataPreferredUids(@NonNull Context context,
+            @NonNull Set<Integer> uidList) {
+        final String uids = getUidStringFromSet(uidList);
+        Settings.Secure.putString(context.getContentResolver(), MOBILE_DATA_PREFERRED_UIDS, uids);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the list of uids (from {@link Settings}) allowed to use restricted networks.
+     *
+     * Access to restricted networks is controlled by the (preinstalled-only)
+     * CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS permission, but highly privileged
+     * callers can also set a list of uids that can access restricted networks.
+     *
+     * This is useful for example in some jurisdictions where government apps,
+     * that can't be preinstalled, must still have access to emergency services.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to query the setting.
+     * @return A list of uids that is allowed to use restricted networks or null if no setting
+     *         value.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public static Set<Integer> getUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(@NonNull Context context) {
+        final String uidList = Settings.Global.getString(
+                context.getContentResolver(), UIDS_ALLOWED_ON_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS);
+        return getUidSetFromString(uidList);
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isCallingFromSystem() {
+        final int uid = Binder.getCallingUid();
+        final int pid = Binder.getCallingPid();
+        if (uid == Process.SYSTEM_UID && pid == Process.myPid()) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the list of uids(from {@link Settings}) that is allowed to use restricted networks.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to set the setting.
+     * @param uidList A list of uids that is allowed to use restricted networks.
+     */
+    public static void setUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(@NonNull Context context,
+            @NonNull Set<Integer> uidList) {
+        final boolean calledFromSystem = isCallingFromSystem();
+        if (!calledFromSystem) {
+            // Enforce NETWORK_SETTINGS check if it's debug build. This is for MTS test only.
+            if (!Build.isDebuggable()) {
+                throw new SecurityException("Only system can set this setting.");
+            }
+            context.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
+                    "Requires NETWORK_SETTINGS permission");
+        }
+        final String uids = getUidStringFromSet(uidList);
+        Settings.Global.putString(context.getContentResolver(), UIDS_ALLOWED_ON_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS,
+                uids);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the network bandwidth ingress rate limit.
+     *
+     * The limit is only applicable to networks that provide internet connectivity. -1 codes for no
+     * bandwidth limitation.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to query the setting.
+     * @return The rate limit in number of bytes per second or -1 if disabled.
+     */
+    public static long getIngressRateLimitInBytesPerSecond(@NonNull Context context) {
+        return Settings.Global.getLong(context.getContentResolver(),
+                INGRESS_RATE_LIMIT_BYTES_PER_SECOND, -1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the network bandwidth ingress rate limit.
+     *
+     * The limit is applied to all networks that provide internet connectivity. It is applied on a
+     * per-network basis, meaning that global ingress rate could exceed the limit when communicating
+     * on multiple networks simultaneously.
+     *
+     * @param context The {@link Context} to set the setting.
+     * @param rateLimitInBytesPerSec The rate limit in number of bytes per second or -1 to disable.
+     */
+    public static void setIngressRateLimitInBytesPerSecond(@NonNull Context context,
+            @IntRange(from = -1L, to = 0xFFFFFFFFL) long rateLimitInBytesPerSec) {
+        if (rateLimitInBytesPerSec < -1) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "Rate limit must be within the range [-1, Integer.MAX_VALUE]");
+        }
+        Settings.Global.putLong(context.getContentResolver(),
+                INGRESS_RATE_LIMIT_BYTES_PER_SECOND,
+                rateLimitInBytesPerSec);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityThread.java b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityThread.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b218e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityThread.java
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.os.HandlerThread;
+import android.os.Looper;
+
+/**
+ * Shared singleton connectivity thread for the system.  This is a thread for
+ * connectivity operations such as AsyncChannel connections to system services.
+ * Various connectivity manager objects can use this singleton as a common
+ * resource for their handlers instead of creating separate threads of their own.
+ * @hide
+ */
+public final class ConnectivityThread extends HandlerThread {
+
+    // A class implementing the lazy holder idiom: the unique static instance
+    // of ConnectivityThread is instantiated in a thread-safe way (guaranteed by
+    // the language specs) the first time that Singleton is referenced in get()
+    // or getInstanceLooper().
+    private static class Singleton {
+        private static final ConnectivityThread INSTANCE = createInstance();
+    }
+
+    private ConnectivityThread() {
+        super("ConnectivityThread");
+    }
+
+    private static ConnectivityThread createInstance() {
+        ConnectivityThread t = new ConnectivityThread();
+        t.start();
+        return t;
+    }
+
+    public static ConnectivityThread get() {
+        return Singleton.INSTANCE;
+    }
+
+    public static Looper getInstanceLooper() {
+        return Singleton.INSTANCE.getLooper();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/DhcpInfo.java b/framework/src/android/net/DhcpInfo.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..912df67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/DhcpInfo.java
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+
+/**
+ * A simple object for retrieving the results of a DHCP request.
+ */
+public class DhcpInfo implements Parcelable {
+    public int ipAddress;
+    public int gateway;
+    public int netmask;
+    public int dns1;
+    public int dns2;
+    public int serverAddress;
+
+    public int leaseDuration;
+
+    public DhcpInfo() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    /** copy constructor {@hide} */
+    public DhcpInfo(DhcpInfo source) {
+        if (source != null) {
+            ipAddress = source.ipAddress;
+            gateway = source.gateway;
+            netmask = source.netmask;
+            dns1 = source.dns1;
+            dns2 = source.dns2;
+            serverAddress = source.serverAddress;
+            leaseDuration = source.leaseDuration;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public String toString() {
+        StringBuffer str = new StringBuffer();
+
+        str.append("ipaddr "); putAddress(str, ipAddress);
+        str.append(" gateway "); putAddress(str, gateway);
+        str.append(" netmask "); putAddress(str, netmask);
+        str.append(" dns1 "); putAddress(str, dns1);
+        str.append(" dns2 "); putAddress(str, dns2);
+        str.append(" DHCP server "); putAddress(str, serverAddress);
+        str.append(" lease ").append(leaseDuration).append(" seconds");
+
+        return str.toString();
+    }
+
+    private static void putAddress(StringBuffer buf, int addr) {
+        buf.append(NetworkUtils.intToInetAddress(addr).getHostAddress());
+    }
+
+    /** Implement the Parcelable interface */
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /** Implement the Parcelable interface */
+    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
+        dest.writeInt(ipAddress);
+        dest.writeInt(gateway);
+        dest.writeInt(netmask);
+        dest.writeInt(dns1);
+        dest.writeInt(dns2);
+        dest.writeInt(serverAddress);
+        dest.writeInt(leaseDuration);
+    }
+
+    /** Implement the Parcelable interface */
+    public static final @android.annotation.NonNull Creator<DhcpInfo> CREATOR =
+        new Creator<DhcpInfo>() {
+            public DhcpInfo createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+                DhcpInfo info = new DhcpInfo();
+                info.ipAddress = in.readInt();
+                info.gateway = in.readInt();
+                info.netmask = in.readInt();
+                info.dns1 = in.readInt();
+                info.dns2 = in.readInt();
+                info.serverAddress = in.readInt();
+                info.leaseDuration = in.readInt();
+                return info;
+            }
+
+            public DhcpInfo[] newArray(int size) {
+                return new DhcpInfo[size];
+            }
+        };
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/DhcpOption.java b/framework/src/android/net/DhcpOption.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b30470a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/DhcpOption.java
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+
+/**
+ * A class representing an option in the DHCP protocol.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+public final class DhcpOption implements Parcelable {
+    private final byte mType;
+    private final byte[] mValue;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a DhcpOption object.
+     *
+     * @param type the type of this option. For more information, see
+     *           https://www.iana.org/assignments/bootp-dhcp-parameters/bootp-dhcp-parameters.xhtml.
+     * @param value the value of this option. If {@code null}, DHCP packets containing this option
+     *              will include the option type in the Parameter Request List. Otherwise, DHCP
+     *              packets containing this option will include the option in the options section.
+     */
+    public DhcpOption(@SuppressLint("NoByteOrShort") byte type, @Nullable byte[] value) {
+        mType = type;
+        mValue = value;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(@NonNull Parcel dest, int flags) {
+        dest.writeByte(mType);
+        dest.writeByteArray(mValue);
+    }
+
+    /** Implement the Parcelable interface */
+    public static final @NonNull Creator<DhcpOption> CREATOR =
+            new Creator<DhcpOption>() {
+                public DhcpOption createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+                    return new DhcpOption(in.readByte(), in.createByteArray());
+                }
+
+                public DhcpOption[] newArray(int size) {
+                    return new DhcpOption[size];
+                }
+            };
+
+    /** Get the type of DHCP option */
+    @SuppressLint("NoByteOrShort")
+    public byte getType() {
+        return mType;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the value of DHCP option */
+    @Nullable public byte[] getValue() {
+        return mValue == null ? null : mValue.clone();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/DnsResolver.java b/framework/src/android/net/DnsResolver.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..164160f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/DnsResolver.java
@@ -0,0 +1,577 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.net.NetworkUtils.getDnsNetwork;
+import static android.net.NetworkUtils.resNetworkCancel;
+import static android.net.NetworkUtils.resNetworkQuery;
+import static android.net.NetworkUtils.resNetworkResult;
+import static android.net.NetworkUtils.resNetworkSend;
+import static android.net.util.DnsUtils.haveIpv4;
+import static android.net.util.DnsUtils.haveIpv6;
+import static android.net.util.DnsUtils.rfc6724Sort;
+import static android.os.MessageQueue.OnFileDescriptorEventListener.EVENT_ERROR;
+import static android.os.MessageQueue.OnFileDescriptorEventListener.EVENT_INPUT;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.ENONET;
+
+import android.annotation.CallbackExecutor;
+import android.annotation.IntDef;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.os.CancellationSignal;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.MessageQueue;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.DnsPacket;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+
+/**
+ * Dns resolver class for asynchronous dns querying
+ *
+ * Note that if a client sends a query with more than 1 record in the question section but
+ * the remote dns server does not support this, it may not respond at all, leading to a timeout.
+ *
+ */
+public final class DnsResolver {
+    private static final String TAG = "DnsResolver";
+    private static final int FD_EVENTS = EVENT_INPUT | EVENT_ERROR;
+    private static final int MAXPACKET = 8 * 1024;
+    private static final int SLEEP_TIME_MS = 2;
+
+    @IntDef(prefix = { "CLASS_" }, value = {
+            CLASS_IN
+    })
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @interface QueryClass {}
+    public static final int CLASS_IN = 1;
+
+    @IntDef(prefix = { "TYPE_" },  value = {
+            TYPE_A,
+            TYPE_AAAA
+    })
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @interface QueryType {}
+    public static final int TYPE_A = 1;
+    public static final int TYPE_AAAA = 28;
+
+    @IntDef(prefix = { "FLAG_" }, value = {
+            FLAG_EMPTY,
+            FLAG_NO_RETRY,
+            FLAG_NO_CACHE_STORE,
+            FLAG_NO_CACHE_LOOKUP
+    })
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @interface QueryFlag {}
+    public static final int FLAG_EMPTY = 0;
+    public static final int FLAG_NO_RETRY = 1 << 0;
+    public static final int FLAG_NO_CACHE_STORE = 1 << 1;
+    public static final int FLAG_NO_CACHE_LOOKUP = 1 << 2;
+
+    @IntDef(prefix = { "ERROR_" }, value = {
+            ERROR_PARSE,
+            ERROR_SYSTEM
+    })
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @interface DnsError {}
+    /**
+     * Indicates that there was an error parsing the response the query.
+     * The cause of this error is available via getCause() and is a {@link ParseException}.
+     */
+    public static final int ERROR_PARSE = 0;
+    /**
+     * Indicates that there was an error sending the query.
+     * The cause of this error is available via getCause() and is an ErrnoException.
+     */
+    public static final int ERROR_SYSTEM = 1;
+
+    private static final int NETID_UNSET = 0;
+
+    private static final DnsResolver sInstance = new DnsResolver();
+
+    /**
+     * Get instance for DnsResolver
+     */
+    public static @NonNull DnsResolver getInstance() {
+        return sInstance;
+    }
+
+    private DnsResolver() {}
+
+    /**
+     * Base interface for answer callbacks
+     *
+     * @param <T> The type of the answer
+     */
+    public interface Callback<T> {
+        /**
+         * Success response to
+         * {@link android.net.DnsResolver#query query()} or
+         * {@link android.net.DnsResolver#rawQuery rawQuery()}.
+         *
+         * Invoked when the answer to a query was successfully parsed.
+         *
+         * @param answer <T> answer to the query.
+         * @param rcode The response code in the DNS response.
+         *
+         * {@see android.net.DnsResolver#query query()}
+         */
+        void onAnswer(@NonNull T answer, int rcode);
+        /**
+         * Error response to
+         * {@link android.net.DnsResolver#query query()} or
+         * {@link android.net.DnsResolver#rawQuery rawQuery()}.
+         *
+         * Invoked when there is no valid answer to
+         * {@link android.net.DnsResolver#query query()}
+         * {@link android.net.DnsResolver#rawQuery rawQuery()}.
+         *
+         * @param error a {@link DnsException} object with additional
+         *    detail regarding the failure
+         */
+        void onError(@NonNull DnsException error);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Class to represent DNS error
+     */
+    public static class DnsException extends Exception {
+       /**
+        * DNS error code as one of the ERROR_* constants
+        */
+        @DnsError public final int code;
+
+        public DnsException(@DnsError int code, @Nullable Throwable cause) {
+            super(cause);
+            this.code = code;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Send a raw DNS query.
+     * The answer will be provided asynchronously through the provided {@link Callback}.
+     *
+     * @param network {@link Network} specifying which network to query on.
+     *         {@code null} for query on default network.
+     * @param query blob message to query
+     * @param flags flags as a combination of the FLAGS_* constants
+     * @param executor The {@link Executor} that the callback should be executed on.
+     * @param cancellationSignal used by the caller to signal if the query should be
+     *    cancelled. May be {@code null}.
+     * @param callback a {@link Callback} which will be called to notify the caller
+     *    of the result of dns query.
+     */
+    public void rawQuery(@Nullable Network network, @NonNull byte[] query, @QueryFlag int flags,
+            @NonNull @CallbackExecutor Executor executor,
+            @Nullable CancellationSignal cancellationSignal,
+            @NonNull Callback<? super byte[]> callback) {
+        if (cancellationSignal != null && cancellationSignal.isCanceled()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        final Object lock = new Object();
+        final FileDescriptor queryfd;
+        try {
+            queryfd = resNetworkSend((network != null)
+                    ? network.getNetIdForResolv() : NETID_UNSET, query, query.length, flags);
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            executor.execute(() -> callback.onError(new DnsException(ERROR_SYSTEM, e)));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        synchronized (lock)  {
+            registerFDListener(executor, queryfd, callback, cancellationSignal, lock);
+            if (cancellationSignal == null) return;
+            addCancellationSignal(cancellationSignal, queryfd, lock);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Send a DNS query with the specified name, class and query type.
+     * The answer will be provided asynchronously through the provided {@link Callback}.
+     *
+     * @param network {@link Network} specifying which network to query on.
+     *         {@code null} for query on default network.
+     * @param domain domain name to query
+     * @param nsClass dns class as one of the CLASS_* constants
+     * @param nsType dns resource record (RR) type as one of the TYPE_* constants
+     * @param flags flags as a combination of the FLAGS_* constants
+     * @param executor The {@link Executor} that the callback should be executed on.
+     * @param cancellationSignal used by the caller to signal if the query should be
+     *    cancelled. May be {@code null}.
+     * @param callback a {@link Callback} which will be called to notify the caller
+     *    of the result of dns query.
+     */
+    public void rawQuery(@Nullable Network network, @NonNull String domain,
+            @QueryClass int nsClass, @QueryType int nsType, @QueryFlag int flags,
+            @NonNull @CallbackExecutor Executor executor,
+            @Nullable CancellationSignal cancellationSignal,
+            @NonNull Callback<? super byte[]> callback) {
+        if (cancellationSignal != null && cancellationSignal.isCanceled()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        final Object lock = new Object();
+        final FileDescriptor queryfd;
+        try {
+            queryfd = resNetworkQuery((network != null)
+                    ? network.getNetIdForResolv() : NETID_UNSET, domain, nsClass, nsType, flags);
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            executor.execute(() -> callback.onError(new DnsException(ERROR_SYSTEM, e)));
+            return;
+        }
+        synchronized (lock)  {
+            registerFDListener(executor, queryfd, callback, cancellationSignal, lock);
+            if (cancellationSignal == null) return;
+            addCancellationSignal(cancellationSignal, queryfd, lock);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class InetAddressAnswerAccumulator implements Callback<byte[]> {
+        private final List<InetAddress> mAllAnswers;
+        private final Network mNetwork;
+        private int mRcode;
+        private DnsException mDnsException;
+        private final Callback<? super List<InetAddress>> mUserCallback;
+        private final int mTargetAnswerCount;
+        private int mReceivedAnswerCount = 0;
+
+        InetAddressAnswerAccumulator(@NonNull Network network, int size,
+                @NonNull Callback<? super List<InetAddress>> callback) {
+            mNetwork = network;
+            mTargetAnswerCount = size;
+            mAllAnswers = new ArrayList<>();
+            mUserCallback = callback;
+        }
+
+        private boolean maybeReportError() {
+            if (mRcode != 0) {
+                mUserCallback.onAnswer(mAllAnswers, mRcode);
+                return true;
+            }
+            if (mDnsException != null) {
+                mUserCallback.onError(mDnsException);
+                return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        private void maybeReportAnswer() {
+            if (++mReceivedAnswerCount != mTargetAnswerCount) return;
+            if (mAllAnswers.isEmpty() && maybeReportError()) return;
+            mUserCallback.onAnswer(rfc6724Sort(mNetwork, mAllAnswers), mRcode);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onAnswer(@NonNull byte[] answer, int rcode) {
+            // If at least one query succeeded, return an rcode of 0.
+            // Otherwise, arbitrarily return the first rcode received.
+            if (mReceivedAnswerCount == 0 || rcode == 0) {
+                mRcode = rcode;
+            }
+            try {
+                mAllAnswers.addAll(new DnsAddressAnswer(answer).getAddresses());
+            } catch (DnsPacket.ParseException e) {
+                // Convert the com.android.net.module.util.DnsPacket.ParseException to an
+                // android.net.ParseException. This is the type that was used in Q and is implied
+                // by the public documentation of ERROR_PARSE.
+                //
+                // DnsPacket cannot throw android.net.ParseException directly because it's @hide.
+                ParseException pe = new ParseException(e.reason, e.getCause());
+                pe.setStackTrace(e.getStackTrace());
+                mDnsException = new DnsException(ERROR_PARSE, pe);
+            }
+            maybeReportAnswer();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onError(@NonNull DnsException error) {
+            mDnsException = error;
+            maybeReportAnswer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Send a DNS query with the specified name on a network with both IPv4 and IPv6,
+     * get back a set of InetAddresses with rfc6724 sorting style asynchronously.
+     *
+     * This method will examine the connection ability on given network, and query IPv4
+     * and IPv6 if connection is available.
+     *
+     * If at least one query succeeded with valid answer, rcode will be 0
+     *
+     * The answer will be provided asynchronously through the provided {@link Callback}.
+     *
+     * @param network {@link Network} specifying which network to query on.
+     *         {@code null} for query on default network.
+     * @param domain domain name to query
+     * @param flags flags as a combination of the FLAGS_* constants
+     * @param executor The {@link Executor} that the callback should be executed on.
+     * @param cancellationSignal used by the caller to signal if the query should be
+     *    cancelled. May be {@code null}.
+     * @param callback a {@link Callback} which will be called to notify the
+     *    caller of the result of dns query.
+     */
+    public void query(@Nullable Network network, @NonNull String domain, @QueryFlag int flags,
+            @NonNull @CallbackExecutor Executor executor,
+            @Nullable CancellationSignal cancellationSignal,
+            @NonNull Callback<? super List<InetAddress>> callback) {
+        if (cancellationSignal != null && cancellationSignal.isCanceled()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        final Object lock = new Object();
+        final Network queryNetwork;
+        try {
+            queryNetwork = (network != null) ? network : getDnsNetwork();
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            executor.execute(() -> callback.onError(new DnsException(ERROR_SYSTEM, e)));
+            return;
+        }
+        final boolean queryIpv6 = haveIpv6(queryNetwork);
+        final boolean queryIpv4 = haveIpv4(queryNetwork);
+
+        // This can only happen if queryIpv4 and queryIpv6 are both false.
+        // This almost certainly means that queryNetwork does not exist or no longer exists.
+        if (!queryIpv6 && !queryIpv4) {
+            executor.execute(() -> callback.onError(
+                    new DnsException(ERROR_SYSTEM, new ErrnoException("resNetworkQuery", ENONET))));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final FileDescriptor v4fd;
+        final FileDescriptor v6fd;
+
+        int queryCount = 0;
+
+        if (queryIpv6) {
+            try {
+                v6fd = resNetworkQuery(queryNetwork.getNetIdForResolv(), domain, CLASS_IN,
+                        TYPE_AAAA, flags);
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                executor.execute(() -> callback.onError(new DnsException(ERROR_SYSTEM, e)));
+                return;
+            }
+            queryCount++;
+        } else v6fd = null;
+
+        // Avoiding gateways drop packets if queries are sent too close together
+        try {
+            Thread.sleep(SLEEP_TIME_MS);
+        } catch (InterruptedException ex) {
+            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+        }
+
+        if (queryIpv4) {
+            try {
+                v4fd = resNetworkQuery(queryNetwork.getNetIdForResolv(), domain, CLASS_IN, TYPE_A,
+                        flags);
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                if (queryIpv6) resNetworkCancel(v6fd);  // Closes fd, marks it invalid.
+                executor.execute(() -> callback.onError(new DnsException(ERROR_SYSTEM, e)));
+                return;
+            }
+            queryCount++;
+        } else v4fd = null;
+
+        final InetAddressAnswerAccumulator accumulator =
+                new InetAddressAnswerAccumulator(queryNetwork, queryCount, callback);
+
+        synchronized (lock)  {
+            if (queryIpv6) {
+                registerFDListener(executor, v6fd, accumulator, cancellationSignal, lock);
+            }
+            if (queryIpv4) {
+                registerFDListener(executor, v4fd, accumulator, cancellationSignal, lock);
+            }
+            if (cancellationSignal == null) return;
+            cancellationSignal.setOnCancelListener(() -> {
+                synchronized (lock)  {
+                    if (queryIpv4) cancelQuery(v4fd);
+                    if (queryIpv6) cancelQuery(v6fd);
+                }
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Send a DNS query with the specified name and query type, get back a set of
+     * InetAddresses with rfc6724 sorting style asynchronously.
+     *
+     * The answer will be provided asynchronously through the provided {@link Callback}.
+     *
+     * @param network {@link Network} specifying which network to query on.
+     *         {@code null} for query on default network.
+     * @param domain domain name to query
+     * @param nsType dns resource record (RR) type as one of the TYPE_* constants
+     * @param flags flags as a combination of the FLAGS_* constants
+     * @param executor The {@link Executor} that the callback should be executed on.
+     * @param cancellationSignal used by the caller to signal if the query should be
+     *    cancelled. May be {@code null}.
+     * @param callback a {@link Callback} which will be called to notify the caller
+     *    of the result of dns query.
+     */
+    public void query(@Nullable Network network, @NonNull String domain,
+            @QueryType int nsType, @QueryFlag int flags,
+            @NonNull @CallbackExecutor Executor executor,
+            @Nullable CancellationSignal cancellationSignal,
+            @NonNull Callback<? super List<InetAddress>> callback) {
+        if (cancellationSignal != null && cancellationSignal.isCanceled()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        final Object lock = new Object();
+        final FileDescriptor queryfd;
+        final Network queryNetwork;
+        try {
+            queryNetwork = (network != null) ? network : getDnsNetwork();
+            queryfd = resNetworkQuery(queryNetwork.getNetIdForResolv(), domain, CLASS_IN, nsType,
+                    flags);
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            executor.execute(() -> callback.onError(new DnsException(ERROR_SYSTEM, e)));
+            return;
+        }
+        final InetAddressAnswerAccumulator accumulator =
+                new InetAddressAnswerAccumulator(queryNetwork, 1, callback);
+        synchronized (lock)  {
+            registerFDListener(executor, queryfd, accumulator, cancellationSignal, lock);
+            if (cancellationSignal == null) return;
+            addCancellationSignal(cancellationSignal, queryfd, lock);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Class to retrieve DNS response
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final class DnsResponse {
+        public final @NonNull byte[] answerbuf;
+        public final int rcode;
+        public DnsResponse(@NonNull byte[] answerbuf, int rcode) {
+            this.answerbuf = answerbuf;
+            this.rcode = rcode;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void registerFDListener(@NonNull Executor executor,
+            @NonNull FileDescriptor queryfd, @NonNull Callback<? super byte[]> answerCallback,
+            @Nullable CancellationSignal cancellationSignal, @NonNull Object lock) {
+        final MessageQueue mainThreadMessageQueue = Looper.getMainLooper().getQueue();
+        mainThreadMessageQueue.addOnFileDescriptorEventListener(
+                queryfd,
+                FD_EVENTS,
+                (fd, events) -> {
+                    // b/134310704
+                    // Unregister fd event listener before resNetworkResult is called to prevent
+                    // race condition caused by fd reused.
+                    // For example when querying v4 and v6, it's possible that the first query ends
+                    // and the fd is closed before the second request starts, which might return
+                    // the same fd for the second request. By that time, the looper must have
+                    // unregistered the fd, otherwise another event listener can't be registered.
+                    mainThreadMessageQueue.removeOnFileDescriptorEventListener(fd);
+
+                    executor.execute(() -> {
+                        DnsResponse resp = null;
+                        ErrnoException exception = null;
+                        synchronized (lock) {
+                            if (cancellationSignal != null && cancellationSignal.isCanceled()) {
+                                return;
+                            }
+                            try {
+                                resp = resNetworkResult(fd);  // Closes fd, marks it invalid.
+                            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                                Log.w(TAG, "resNetworkResult:" + e.toString());
+                                exception = e;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        if (exception != null) {
+                            answerCallback.onError(new DnsException(ERROR_SYSTEM, exception));
+                            return;
+                        }
+                        answerCallback.onAnswer(resp.answerbuf, resp.rcode);
+                    });
+
+                    // The file descriptor has already been unregistered, so it does not really
+                    // matter what is returned here. In spirit 0 (meaning "unregister this FD")
+                    // is still the closest to what the looper needs to do. When returning 0,
+                    // Looper knows to ignore the fd if it has already been unregistered.
+                    return 0;
+                });
+    }
+
+    private void cancelQuery(@NonNull FileDescriptor queryfd) {
+        if (!queryfd.valid()) return;
+        Looper.getMainLooper().getQueue().removeOnFileDescriptorEventListener(queryfd);
+        resNetworkCancel(queryfd);  // Closes fd, marks it invalid.
+    }
+
+    private void addCancellationSignal(@NonNull CancellationSignal cancellationSignal,
+            @NonNull FileDescriptor queryfd, @NonNull Object lock) {
+        cancellationSignal.setOnCancelListener(() -> {
+            synchronized (lock)  {
+                cancelQuery(queryfd);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    private static class DnsAddressAnswer extends DnsPacket {
+        private static final String TAG = "DnsResolver.DnsAddressAnswer";
+        private static final boolean DBG = false;
+
+        private final int mQueryType;
+
+        DnsAddressAnswer(@NonNull byte[] data) throws ParseException {
+            super(data);
+            if ((mHeader.flags & (1 << 15)) == 0) {
+                throw new ParseException("Not an answer packet");
+            }
+            if (mHeader.getRecordCount(QDSECTION) == 0) {
+                throw new ParseException("No question found");
+            }
+            // Expect only one question in question section.
+            mQueryType = mRecords[QDSECTION].get(0).nsType;
+        }
+
+        public @NonNull List<InetAddress> getAddresses() {
+            final List<InetAddress> results = new ArrayList<InetAddress>();
+            if (mHeader.getRecordCount(ANSECTION) == 0) return results;
+
+            for (final DnsRecord ansSec : mRecords[ANSECTION]) {
+                // Only support A and AAAA, also ignore answers if query type != answer type.
+                int nsType = ansSec.nsType;
+                if (nsType != mQueryType || (nsType != TYPE_A && nsType != TYPE_AAAA)) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                try {
+                    results.add(InetAddress.getByAddress(ansSec.getRR()));
+                } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
+                    if (DBG) {
+                        Log.w(TAG, "rr to address fail");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return results;
+        }
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/DnsResolverServiceManager.java b/framework/src/android/net/DnsResolverServiceManager.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79009e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/DnsResolverServiceManager.java
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+
+/**
+ * Provides a way to obtain the DnsResolver binder objects.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class DnsResolverServiceManager {
+    /** Service name for the DNS resolver. Keep in sync with DnsResolverService.h */
+    public static final String DNS_RESOLVER_SERVICE = "dnsresolver";
+
+    private final IBinder mResolver;
+
+    DnsResolverServiceManager(IBinder resolver) {
+        mResolver = resolver;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get an {@link IBinder} representing the DnsResolver stable AIDL interface
+     *
+     * @return {@link android.net.IDnsResolver} IBinder.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public IBinder getService() {
+        return mResolver;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/DscpPolicy.java b/framework/src/android/net/DscpPolicy.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cda8205
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/DscpPolicy.java
@@ -0,0 +1,397 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.IntDef;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+import android.util.Range;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.InetAddressUtils;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+
+/**
+ * DSCP policy to be set on the requesting NetworkAgent.
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi
+public final class DscpPolicy implements Parcelable {
+     /**
+     * Indicates that the policy does not specify a protocol.
+     */
+    public static final int PROTOCOL_ANY = -1;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates that the policy does not specify a port.
+     */
+    public static final int SOURCE_PORT_ANY = -1;
+
+    /**
+     * Policy was successfully added.
+     */
+    public static final int STATUS_SUCCESS = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Policy was rejected for any reason besides invalid classifier or insufficient resources.
+     */
+    public static final int STATUS_REQUEST_DECLINED = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * Requested policy contained a classifier which is not supported.
+     */
+    public static final int STATUS_REQUESTED_CLASSIFIER_NOT_SUPPORTED = 2;
+
+    /**
+     * TODO: should this error case be supported?
+     */
+    public static final int STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_PROCESSING_RESOURCES = 3;
+
+    /**
+     * Policy was deleted.
+     */
+    public static final int STATUS_DELETED = 4;
+
+    /**
+     * Policy was not found during deletion.
+     */
+    public static final int STATUS_POLICY_NOT_FOUND = 5;
+
+    /** The unique policy ID. Each requesting network is responsible for maintaining policy IDs
+     * unique within that network. In the case where a policy with an existing ID is created, the
+     * new policy will update the existing policy with the same ID.
+     */
+    private final int mPolicyId;
+
+    /** The QoS DSCP marking to be added to packets matching the policy. */
+    private final int mDscp;
+
+    /** The source IP address. */
+    private final @Nullable InetAddress mSrcAddr;
+
+    /** The destination IP address. */
+    private final @Nullable InetAddress mDstAddr;
+
+    /** The source port. */
+    private final int mSrcPort;
+
+    /** The IP protocol that the policy requires. */
+    private final int mProtocol;
+
+    /** Destination port range. Inclusive range. */
+    private final @Nullable Range<Integer> mDstPortRange;
+
+    /**
+     * Implement the Parcelable interface
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @IntDef(prefix = "STATUS_", value = {
+        STATUS_SUCCESS,
+        STATUS_REQUEST_DECLINED,
+        STATUS_REQUESTED_CLASSIFIER_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+        STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_PROCESSING_RESOURCES,
+        STATUS_DELETED
+    })
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    public @interface DscpPolicyStatus {}
+
+    /* package */ DscpPolicy(
+            int policyId,
+            int dscp,
+            @Nullable InetAddress srcAddr,
+            @Nullable InetAddress dstAddr,
+            int srcPort,
+            int protocol,
+            Range<Integer> dstPortRange) {
+        this.mPolicyId = policyId;
+        this.mDscp = dscp;
+        this.mSrcAddr = srcAddr;
+        this.mDstAddr = dstAddr;
+        this.mSrcPort = srcPort;
+        this.mProtocol = protocol;
+        this.mDstPortRange = dstPortRange;
+
+        if (mPolicyId < 1 || mPolicyId > 255) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Policy ID not in valid range: " + mPolicyId);
+        }
+        if (mDscp < 0 || mDscp > 63) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("DSCP value not in valid range: " + mDscp);
+        }
+        // Since SOURCE_PORT_ANY is the default source port value need to allow it as well.
+        // TODO: Move the default value into this constructor or throw an error from the
+        // instead.
+        if (mSrcPort < -1 || mSrcPort > 65535) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Source port not in valid range: " + mSrcPort);
+        }
+        if (mDstPortRange != null
+                && (dstPortRange.getLower() < 0 || mDstPortRange.getLower() > 65535)
+                && (mDstPortRange.getUpper() < 0 || mDstPortRange.getUpper() > 65535)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Destination port not in valid range");
+        }
+        if (mSrcAddr != null && mDstAddr != null && (mSrcAddr instanceof Inet6Address)
+                != (mDstAddr instanceof Inet6Address)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Source/destination address of different family");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The unique policy ID.
+     *
+     * Each requesting network is responsible for maintaining unique
+     * policy IDs. In the case where a policy with an existing ID is created, the new
+     * policy will update the existing policy with the same ID
+     *
+     * @return Policy ID set in Builder.
+     */
+    public int getPolicyId() {
+        return mPolicyId;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The QoS DSCP marking to be added to packets matching the policy.
+     *
+     * @return DSCP value set in Builder.
+     */
+    public int getDscpValue() {
+        return mDscp;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The source IP address.
+     *
+     * @return Source IP address set in Builder or {@code null} if none was set.
+     */
+    public @Nullable InetAddress getSourceAddress() {
+        return mSrcAddr;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The destination IP address.
+     *
+     * @return Destination IP address set in Builder or {@code null} if none was set.
+     */
+    public @Nullable InetAddress getDestinationAddress() {
+        return mDstAddr;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The source port.
+     *
+     * @return Source port set in Builder or {@link #SOURCE_PORT_ANY} if no port was set.
+     */
+    public int getSourcePort() {
+        return mSrcPort;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The IP protocol that the policy requires.
+     *
+     * @return Protocol set in Builder or {@link #PROTOCOL_ANY} if no protocol was set.
+     *         {@link #PROTOCOL_ANY} indicates that any protocol will be matched.
+     */
+    public int getProtocol() {
+        return mProtocol;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Destination port range. Inclusive range.
+     *
+     * @return Range<Integer> set in Builder or {@code null} if none was set.
+     */
+    public @Nullable Range<Integer> getDestinationPortRange() {
+        return mDstPortRange;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "DscpPolicy { "
+                + "policyId = " + mPolicyId + ", "
+                + "dscp = " + mDscp + ", "
+                + "srcAddr = " + mSrcAddr + ", "
+                + "dstAddr = " + mDstAddr + ", "
+                + "srcPort = " + mSrcPort + ", "
+                + "protocol = " + mProtocol + ", "
+                + "dstPortRange = "
+                + (mDstPortRange == null ? "none" : mDstPortRange.toString())
+                + " }";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object o) {
+        if (this == o) return true;
+        if (!(o instanceof DscpPolicy)) return false;
+        DscpPolicy that = (DscpPolicy) o;
+        return true
+                && mPolicyId == that.mPolicyId
+                && mDscp == that.mDscp
+                && Objects.equals(mSrcAddr, that.mSrcAddr)
+                && Objects.equals(mDstAddr, that.mDstAddr)
+                && mSrcPort == that.mSrcPort
+                && mProtocol == that.mProtocol
+                && Objects.equals(mDstPortRange, that.mDstPortRange);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hash(mPolicyId, mDscp, mSrcAddr.hashCode(),
+                mDstAddr.hashCode(), mSrcPort, mProtocol, mDstPortRange.hashCode());
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(@NonNull Parcel dest, int flags) {
+        dest.writeInt(mPolicyId);
+        dest.writeInt(mDscp);
+        InetAddressUtils.parcelInetAddress(dest, mSrcAddr, flags);
+        InetAddressUtils.parcelInetAddress(dest, mDstAddr, flags);
+        dest.writeInt(mSrcPort);
+        dest.writeInt(mProtocol);
+        dest.writeBoolean(mDstPortRange != null ? true : false);
+        if (mDstPortRange != null) {
+            dest.writeInt(mDstPortRange.getLower());
+            dest.writeInt(mDstPortRange.getUpper());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    DscpPolicy(@NonNull Parcel in) {
+        this.mPolicyId = in.readInt();
+        this.mDscp = in.readInt();
+        this.mSrcAddr = InetAddressUtils.unparcelInetAddress(in);
+        this.mDstAddr = InetAddressUtils.unparcelInetAddress(in);
+        this.mSrcPort = in.readInt();
+        this.mProtocol = in.readInt();
+        if (in.readBoolean()) {
+            this.mDstPortRange = new Range<Integer>(in.readInt(), in.readInt());
+        } else {
+            this.mDstPortRange = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public @SystemApi static final @NonNull Parcelable.Creator<DscpPolicy> CREATOR =
+            new Parcelable.Creator<DscpPolicy>() {
+                @Override
+                public DscpPolicy[] newArray(int size) {
+                    return new DscpPolicy[size];
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public DscpPolicy createFromParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel in) {
+                    return new DscpPolicy(in);
+                }
+            };
+
+    /**
+     * A builder for {@link DscpPolicy}
+     *
+     */
+    public static final class Builder {
+
+        private final int mPolicyId;
+        private final int mDscp;
+        private @Nullable InetAddress mSrcAddr;
+        private @Nullable InetAddress mDstAddr;
+        private int mSrcPort = SOURCE_PORT_ANY;
+        private int mProtocol = PROTOCOL_ANY;
+        private @Nullable Range<Integer> mDstPortRange;
+
+        private long mBuilderFieldsSet = 0L;
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a new Builder.
+         *
+         * @param policyId The unique policy ID. Each requesting network is responsible for
+         *                 maintaining unique policy IDs. In the case where a policy with an
+         *                 existing ID is created, the new policy will update the existing
+         *                 policy with the same ID
+         * @param dscpValue The DSCP value to set.
+         */
+        public Builder(int policyId, int dscpValue) {
+            mPolicyId = policyId;
+            mDscp = dscpValue;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Specifies that this policy matches packets with the specified source IP address.
+         */
+        public @NonNull Builder setSourceAddress(@NonNull InetAddress value) {
+            mSrcAddr = value;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Specifies that this policy matches packets with the specified destination IP address.
+         */
+        public @NonNull Builder setDestinationAddress(@NonNull InetAddress value) {
+            mDstAddr = value;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Specifies that this policy matches packets with the specified source port.
+         */
+        public @NonNull Builder setSourcePort(int value) {
+            mSrcPort = value;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Specifies that this policy matches packets with the specified protocol.
+         */
+        public @NonNull Builder setProtocol(int value) {
+            mProtocol = value;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Specifies that this policy matches packets with the specified destination port range.
+         */
+        public @NonNull Builder setDestinationPortRange(@NonNull Range<Integer> range) {
+            mDstPortRange = range;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Constructs a DscpPolicy with the specified parameters.
+         */
+        public @NonNull DscpPolicy build() {
+            return new DscpPolicy(
+                    mPolicyId,
+                    mDscp,
+                    mSrcAddr,
+                    mDstAddr,
+                    mSrcPort,
+                    mProtocol,
+                    mDstPortRange);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/ICaptivePortal.aidl b/framework/src/android/net/ICaptivePortal.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e35f8d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/ICaptivePortal.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2015, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+/**
+ * Interface to inform NetworkMonitor of decisions of app handling captive portal.
+ * @hide
+ */
+oneway interface ICaptivePortal {
+    void appRequest(int request);
+    void appResponse(int response);
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback.aidl b/framework/src/android/net/IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82b64a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/**
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager;
+import android.net.Network;
+
+/** @hide */
+oneway interface IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback {
+    void onConnectivityReportAvailable(in ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityReport report);
+    void onDataStallSuspected(in ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.DataStallReport report);
+    void onNetworkConnectivityReported(in Network n, boolean hasConnectivity);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl b/framework/src/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0988bf3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2008, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.app.PendingIntent;
+import android.net.ConnectionInfo;
+import android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager;
+import android.net.IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback;
+import android.net.INetworkAgent;
+import android.net.IOnCompleteListener;
+import android.net.INetworkActivityListener;
+import android.net.INetworkOfferCallback;
+import android.net.IQosCallback;
+import android.net.ISocketKeepaliveCallback;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkAgentConfig;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkInfo;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.net.NetworkScore;
+import android.net.NetworkState;
+import android.net.NetworkStateSnapshot;
+import android.net.OemNetworkPreferences;
+import android.net.ProfileNetworkPreference;
+import android.net.ProxyInfo;
+import android.net.UidRange;
+import android.net.QosSocketInfo;
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.Messenger;
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.os.PersistableBundle;
+import android.os.ResultReceiver;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
+
+/**
+ * Interface that answers queries about, and allows changing, the
+ * state of network connectivity.
+ */
+/** {@hide} */
+interface IConnectivityManager
+{
+    Network getActiveNetwork();
+    Network getActiveNetworkForUid(int uid, boolean ignoreBlocked);
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    NetworkInfo getActiveNetworkInfo();
+    NetworkInfo getActiveNetworkInfoForUid(int uid, boolean ignoreBlocked);
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = 28)
+    NetworkInfo getNetworkInfo(int networkType);
+    NetworkInfo getNetworkInfoForUid(in Network network, int uid, boolean ignoreBlocked);
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    NetworkInfo[] getAllNetworkInfo();
+    Network getNetworkForType(int networkType);
+    Network[] getAllNetworks();
+    NetworkCapabilities[] getDefaultNetworkCapabilitiesForUser(
+            int userId, String callingPackageName, String callingAttributionTag);
+
+    boolean isNetworkSupported(int networkType);
+
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    LinkProperties getActiveLinkProperties();
+    LinkProperties getLinkPropertiesForType(int networkType);
+    LinkProperties getLinkProperties(in Network network);
+    LinkProperties getRedactedLinkPropertiesForPackage(in LinkProperties lp, int uid,
+            String packageName, String callingAttributionTag);
+
+    NetworkCapabilities getNetworkCapabilities(in Network network, String callingPackageName,
+            String callingAttributionTag);
+
+    NetworkCapabilities getRedactedNetworkCapabilitiesForPackage(in NetworkCapabilities nc, int uid,
+            String callingPackageName, String callingAttributionTag);
+
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = 30, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    NetworkState[] getAllNetworkState();
+
+    List<NetworkStateSnapshot> getAllNetworkStateSnapshots();
+
+    boolean isActiveNetworkMetered();
+
+    boolean requestRouteToHostAddress(int networkType, in byte[] hostAddress,
+            String callingPackageName, String callingAttributionTag);
+
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = 29,
+            publicAlternatives = "Use {@code TetheringManager#getLastTetherError} as alternative")
+    int getLastTetherError(String iface);
+
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = 29,
+            publicAlternatives = "Use {@code TetheringManager#getTetherableIfaces} as alternative")
+    String[] getTetherableIfaces();
+
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = 29,
+            publicAlternatives = "Use {@code TetheringManager#getTetheredIfaces} as alternative")
+    String[] getTetheredIfaces();
+
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = 29,
+            publicAlternatives = "Use {@code TetheringManager#getTetheringErroredIfaces} "
+            + "as Alternative")
+    String[] getTetheringErroredIfaces();
+
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = 29,
+            publicAlternatives = "Use {@code TetheringManager#getTetherableUsbRegexs} as alternative")
+    String[] getTetherableUsbRegexs();
+
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = 29,
+            publicAlternatives = "Use {@code TetheringManager#getTetherableWifiRegexs} as alternative")
+    String[] getTetherableWifiRegexs();
+
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = 28)
+    void reportInetCondition(int networkType, int percentage);
+
+    void reportNetworkConnectivity(in Network network, boolean hasConnectivity);
+
+    ProxyInfo getGlobalProxy();
+
+    void setGlobalProxy(in ProxyInfo p);
+
+    ProxyInfo getProxyForNetwork(in Network nework);
+
+    void setRequireVpnForUids(boolean requireVpn, in UidRange[] ranges);
+    void setLegacyLockdownVpnEnabled(boolean enabled);
+
+    void setProvisioningNotificationVisible(boolean visible, int networkType, in String action);
+
+    void setAirplaneMode(boolean enable);
+
+    boolean requestBandwidthUpdate(in Network network);
+
+    int registerNetworkProvider(in Messenger messenger, in String name);
+    void unregisterNetworkProvider(in Messenger messenger);
+
+    void declareNetworkRequestUnfulfillable(in NetworkRequest request);
+
+    Network registerNetworkAgent(in INetworkAgent na, in NetworkInfo ni, in LinkProperties lp,
+            in NetworkCapabilities nc, in NetworkScore score, in NetworkAgentConfig config,
+            in int factorySerialNumber);
+
+    NetworkRequest requestNetwork(int uid, in NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities, int reqType,
+            in Messenger messenger, int timeoutSec, in IBinder binder, int legacy,
+            int callbackFlags, String callingPackageName, String callingAttributionTag);
+
+    NetworkRequest pendingRequestForNetwork(in NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities,
+            in PendingIntent operation, String callingPackageName, String callingAttributionTag);
+
+    void releasePendingNetworkRequest(in PendingIntent operation);
+
+    NetworkRequest listenForNetwork(in NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities,
+            in Messenger messenger, in IBinder binder, int callbackFlags, String callingPackageName,
+            String callingAttributionTag);
+
+    void pendingListenForNetwork(in NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities,
+            in PendingIntent operation, String callingPackageName,
+            String callingAttributionTag);
+
+    void releaseNetworkRequest(in NetworkRequest networkRequest);
+
+    void setAcceptUnvalidated(in Network network, boolean accept, boolean always);
+    void setAcceptPartialConnectivity(in Network network, boolean accept, boolean always);
+    void setAvoidUnvalidated(in Network network);
+    void startCaptivePortalApp(in Network network);
+    void startCaptivePortalAppInternal(in Network network, in Bundle appExtras);
+
+    boolean shouldAvoidBadWifi();
+    int getMultipathPreference(in Network Network);
+
+    NetworkRequest getDefaultRequest();
+
+    int getRestoreDefaultNetworkDelay(int networkType);
+
+    void factoryReset();
+
+    void startNattKeepalive(in Network network, int intervalSeconds,
+            in ISocketKeepaliveCallback cb, String srcAddr, int srcPort, String dstAddr);
+
+    void startNattKeepaliveWithFd(in Network network, in ParcelFileDescriptor pfd, int resourceId,
+            int intervalSeconds, in ISocketKeepaliveCallback cb, String srcAddr,
+            String dstAddr);
+
+    void startTcpKeepalive(in Network network, in ParcelFileDescriptor pfd, int intervalSeconds,
+            in ISocketKeepaliveCallback cb);
+
+    void stopKeepalive(in Network network, int slot);
+
+    String getCaptivePortalServerUrl();
+
+    byte[] getNetworkWatchlistConfigHash();
+
+    int getConnectionOwnerUid(in ConnectionInfo connectionInfo);
+
+    void registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(in IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback callback,
+            in NetworkRequest request, String callingPackageName);
+    void unregisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(in IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback callback);
+
+    IBinder startOrGetTestNetworkService();
+
+    void simulateDataStall(int detectionMethod, long timestampMillis, in Network network,
+                in PersistableBundle extras);
+
+    void systemReady();
+
+    void registerNetworkActivityListener(in INetworkActivityListener l);
+
+    void unregisterNetworkActivityListener(in INetworkActivityListener l);
+
+    boolean isDefaultNetworkActive();
+
+    void registerQosSocketCallback(in QosSocketInfo socketInfo, in IQosCallback callback);
+    void unregisterQosCallback(in IQosCallback callback);
+
+    void setOemNetworkPreference(in OemNetworkPreferences preference,
+            in IOnCompleteListener listener);
+
+    void setProfileNetworkPreferences(in UserHandle profile,
+            in List<ProfileNetworkPreference>  preferences,
+            in IOnCompleteListener listener);
+
+    int getRestrictBackgroundStatusByCaller();
+
+    void offerNetwork(int providerId, in NetworkScore score,
+            in NetworkCapabilities caps, in INetworkOfferCallback callback);
+    void unofferNetwork(in INetworkOfferCallback callback);
+
+    void setTestAllowBadWifiUntil(long timeMs);
+
+    void updateMeteredNetworkAllowList(int uid, boolean add);
+
+    void updateMeteredNetworkDenyList(int uid, boolean add);
+
+    void updateFirewallRule(int chain, int uid, boolean allow);
+
+    void setFirewallChainEnabled(int chain, boolean enable);
+
+    void replaceFirewallChain(int chain, in int[] uids);
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/INetworkActivityListener.aidl b/framework/src/android/net/INetworkActivityListener.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79687dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/INetworkActivityListener.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/* Copyright 2013, The Android Open Source Project
+**
+** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+** You may obtain a copy of the License at
+**
+**     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+**
+** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+** limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package android.net;
+
+/**
+ * @hide
+ */
+oneway interface INetworkActivityListener
+{
+    void onNetworkActive();
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/INetworkAgent.aidl b/framework/src/android/net/INetworkAgent.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa5175c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/INetworkAgent.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2020, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing perNmissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net;
+
+import android.net.NattKeepalivePacketData;
+import android.net.QosFilterParcelable;
+import android.net.TcpKeepalivePacketData;
+
+import android.net.INetworkAgentRegistry;
+
+/**
+ * Interface to notify NetworkAgent of connectivity events.
+ * @hide
+ */
+oneway interface INetworkAgent {
+    void onRegistered(in INetworkAgentRegistry registry);
+    void onDisconnected();
+    void onBandwidthUpdateRequested();
+    void onValidationStatusChanged(int validationStatus,
+            in @nullable String captivePortalUrl);
+    void onSaveAcceptUnvalidated(boolean acceptUnvalidated);
+    void onStartNattSocketKeepalive(int slot, int intervalDurationMs,
+        in NattKeepalivePacketData packetData);
+    void onStartTcpSocketKeepalive(int slot, int intervalDurationMs,
+        in TcpKeepalivePacketData packetData);
+    void onStopSocketKeepalive(int slot);
+    void onSignalStrengthThresholdsUpdated(in int[] thresholds);
+    void onPreventAutomaticReconnect();
+    void onAddNattKeepalivePacketFilter(int slot,
+        in NattKeepalivePacketData packetData);
+    void onAddTcpKeepalivePacketFilter(int slot,
+        in TcpKeepalivePacketData packetData);
+    void onRemoveKeepalivePacketFilter(int slot);
+    void onQosFilterCallbackRegistered(int qosCallbackId, in QosFilterParcelable filterParcel);
+    void onQosCallbackUnregistered(int qosCallbackId);
+    void onNetworkCreated();
+    void onNetworkDestroyed();
+    void onDscpPolicyStatusUpdated(int policyId, int status);
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/INetworkAgentRegistry.aidl b/framework/src/android/net/INetworkAgentRegistry.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b22a5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/INetworkAgentRegistry.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2020, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing perNmissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net;
+
+import android.net.DscpPolicy;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkInfo;
+import android.net.NetworkScore;
+import android.net.QosSession;
+import android.telephony.data.EpsBearerQosSessionAttributes;
+import android.telephony.data.NrQosSessionAttributes;
+
+/**
+ * Interface for NetworkAgents to send network properties.
+ * @hide
+ */
+oneway interface INetworkAgentRegistry {
+    void sendNetworkCapabilities(in NetworkCapabilities nc);
+    void sendLinkProperties(in LinkProperties lp);
+    // TODO: consider replacing this by "markConnected()" and removing
+    void sendNetworkInfo(in NetworkInfo info);
+    void sendScore(in NetworkScore score);
+    void sendExplicitlySelected(boolean explicitlySelected, boolean acceptPartial);
+    void sendSocketKeepaliveEvent(int slot, int reason);
+    void sendUnderlyingNetworks(in @nullable List<Network> networks);
+    void sendEpsQosSessionAvailable(int callbackId, in QosSession session, in EpsBearerQosSessionAttributes attributes);
+    void sendNrQosSessionAvailable(int callbackId, in QosSession session, in NrQosSessionAttributes attributes);
+    void sendQosSessionLost(int qosCallbackId, in QosSession session);
+    void sendQosCallbackError(int qosCallbackId, int exceptionType);
+    void sendTeardownDelayMs(int teardownDelayMs);
+    void sendLingerDuration(int durationMs);
+    void sendAddDscpPolicy(in DscpPolicy policy);
+    void sendRemoveDscpPolicy(int policyId);
+    void sendRemoveAllDscpPolicies();
+    void sendDestroyAndAwaitReplacement(int timeoutMillis);
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/INetworkOfferCallback.aidl b/framework/src/android/net/INetworkOfferCallback.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ecfba21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/INetworkOfferCallback.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+
+/**
+ * A callback registered with connectivity by network providers together with
+ * a NetworkOffer.
+ *
+ * When the network for this offer is needed to satisfy some application or
+ * system component, connectivity will call onNetworkNeeded on this callback.
+ * When this happens, the provider should try and bring up the network.
+ *
+ * When the network for this offer is no longer needed, for example because
+ * the application has withdrawn the request or if the request is being
+ * satisfied by a network that this offer will never be able to beat,
+ * connectivity calls onNetworkUnneeded. When this happens, the provider
+ * should stop trying to bring up the network, or tear it down if it has
+ * already been brought up.
+ *
+ * When NetworkProvider#offerNetwork is called, the provider can expect to
+ * immediately receive all requests that can be fulfilled by that offer and
+ * are not already satisfied by a better network. It is possible no such
+ * request is currently outstanding, because no requests have been made that
+ * can be satisfied by this offer, or because all such requests are already
+ * satisfied by a better network.
+ * onNetworkNeeded can be called at any time after registration and until the
+ * offer is withdrawn with NetworkProvider#unofferNetwork is called. This
+ * typically happens when a new network request is filed by an application,
+ * or when the network satisfying a request disconnects and this offer now
+ * stands a chance to supply the best network for it.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+oneway interface INetworkOfferCallback {
+    /**
+     * Called when a network for this offer is needed to fulfill this request.
+     * @param networkRequest the request to satisfy
+     */
+    void onNetworkNeeded(in NetworkRequest networkRequest);
+
+    /**
+     * Informs the registrant that the offer is no longer valuable to fulfill this request.
+     */
+    void onNetworkUnneeded(in NetworkRequest networkRequest);
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/IOnCompleteListener.aidl b/framework/src/android/net/IOnCompleteListener.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4bb89f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/IOnCompleteListener.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/**
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+/** @hide */
+oneway interface IOnCompleteListener {
+    void onComplete();
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/IQosCallback.aidl b/framework/src/android/net/IQosCallback.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c973541
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/IQosCallback.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.net.QosSession;
+import android.telephony.data.EpsBearerQosSessionAttributes;
+import android.telephony.data.NrQosSessionAttributes;
+
+/**
+ * AIDL interface for QosCallback
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+oneway interface IQosCallback
+{
+     void onQosEpsBearerSessionAvailable(in QosSession session,
+        in EpsBearerQosSessionAttributes attributes);
+     void onNrQosSessionAvailable(in QosSession session,
+        in NrQosSessionAttributes attributes);
+     void onQosSessionLost(in QosSession session);
+     void onError(in int type);
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/ISocketKeepaliveCallback.aidl b/framework/src/android/net/ISocketKeepaliveCallback.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..020fbca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/ISocketKeepaliveCallback.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2019, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+/**
+ * Callback to provide status changes of keepalive offload.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+oneway interface ISocketKeepaliveCallback
+{
+    /** The keepalive was successfully started. */
+    void onStarted(int slot);
+    /** The keepalive was successfully stopped. */
+    void onStopped();
+    /** The keepalive was stopped because of an error. */
+    void onError(int error);
+    /** The keepalive on a TCP socket was stopped because the socket received data. */
+    void onDataReceived();
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/ITestNetworkManager.aidl b/framework/src/android/net/ITestNetworkManager.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..847f14e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/ITestNetworkManager.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2018, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.TestNetworkInterface;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+
+/**
+ * Interface that allows for creation and management of test-only networks.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+interface ITestNetworkManager
+{
+    TestNetworkInterface createInterface(boolean isTun, boolean bringUp, in LinkAddress[] addrs);
+
+    void setupTestNetwork(in String iface, in LinkProperties lp, in boolean isMetered,
+            in int[] administratorUids, in IBinder binder);
+
+    void teardownTestNetwork(int netId);
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/InetAddresses.java b/framework/src/android/net/InetAddresses.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01b795e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/InetAddresses.java
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+
+import libcore.net.InetAddressUtils;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+
+/**
+ * Utility methods for {@link InetAddress} implementations.
+ */
+public class InetAddresses {
+
+    private InetAddresses() {}
+
+    /**
+     * Checks to see if the {@code address} is a numeric address (such as {@code "192.0.2.1"} or
+     * {@code "2001:db8::1:2"}).
+     *
+     * <p>A numeric address is either an IPv4 address containing exactly 4 decimal numbers or an
+     * IPv6 numeric address. IPv4 addresses that consist of either hexadecimal or octal digits or
+     * do not have exactly 4 numbers are not treated as numeric.
+     *
+     * <p>This method will never do a DNS lookup.
+     *
+     * @param address the address to parse.
+     * @return true if the supplied address is numeric, false otherwise.
+     */
+    public static boolean isNumericAddress(@NonNull String address) {
+        return InetAddressUtils.isNumericAddress(address);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an InetAddress corresponding to the given numeric address (such
+     * as {@code "192.168.0.1"} or {@code "2001:4860:800d::68"}).
+     *
+     * <p>See {@link #isNumericAddress(String)} (String)} for a definition as to what constitutes a
+     * numeric address.
+     *
+     * <p>This method will never do a DNS lookup.
+     *
+     * @param address the address to parse, must be numeric.
+     * @return an {@link InetAddress} instance corresponding to the address.
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code address} is not a numeric address.
+     */
+    public static @NonNull InetAddress parseNumericAddress(@NonNull String address) {
+        return InetAddressUtils.parseNumericAddress(address);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/InvalidPacketException.java b/framework/src/android/net/InvalidPacketException.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1873d77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/InvalidPacketException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.IntDef;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+
+/**
+ * Thrown when a packet is invalid.
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi
+public final class InvalidPacketException extends Exception {
+    private final int mError;
+
+    // Must match SocketKeepalive#ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS.
+    /** Invalid IP address. */
+    public static final int ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS = -21;
+
+    // Must match SocketKeepalive#ERROR_INVALID_PORT.
+    /** Invalid port number. */
+    public static final int ERROR_INVALID_PORT = -22;
+
+    // Must match SocketKeepalive#ERROR_INVALID_LENGTH.
+    /** Invalid packet length. */
+    public static final int ERROR_INVALID_LENGTH = -23;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(prefix = { "ERROR_" }, value = {
+        ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS,
+        ERROR_INVALID_PORT,
+        ERROR_INVALID_LENGTH
+    })
+    public @interface ErrorCode {}
+
+    /**
+     * This packet is invalid.
+     * See the error code for details.
+     */
+    public InvalidPacketException(@ErrorCode final int error) {
+        this.mError = error;
+    }
+
+    /** Get error code. */
+    public int getError() {
+        return mError;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/IpConfiguration.java b/framework/src/android/net/IpConfiguration.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..99835aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/IpConfiguration.java
@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * A class representing the IP configuration of a network.
+ */
+public final class IpConfiguration implements Parcelable {
+    private static final String TAG = "IpConfiguration";
+
+    // This enum has been used by apps through reflection for many releases.
+    // Therefore they can't just be removed. Duplicating these constants to
+    // give an alternate SystemApi is a worse option than exposing them.
+    /** @hide */
+    @SystemApi
+    @SuppressLint("Enum")
+    public enum IpAssignment {
+        /* Use statically configured IP settings. Configuration can be accessed
+         * with staticIpConfiguration */
+        STATIC,
+        /* Use dynamically configured IP settings */
+        DHCP,
+        /* no IP details are assigned, this is used to indicate
+         * that any existing IP settings should be retained */
+        UNASSIGNED
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public IpAssignment ipAssignment;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public StaticIpConfiguration staticIpConfiguration;
+
+    // This enum has been used by apps through reflection for many releases.
+    // Therefore they can't just be removed. Duplicating these constants to
+    // give an alternate SystemApi is a worse option than exposing them.
+    /** @hide */
+    @SystemApi
+    @SuppressLint("Enum")
+    public enum ProxySettings {
+        /* No proxy is to be used. Any existing proxy settings
+         * should be cleared. */
+        NONE,
+        /* Use statically configured proxy. Configuration can be accessed
+         * with httpProxy. */
+        STATIC,
+        /* no proxy details are assigned, this is used to indicate
+         * that any existing proxy settings should be retained */
+        UNASSIGNED,
+        /* Use a Pac based proxy.
+         */
+        PAC
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public ProxySettings proxySettings;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public ProxyInfo httpProxy;
+
+    private void init(IpAssignment ipAssignment,
+                      ProxySettings proxySettings,
+                      StaticIpConfiguration staticIpConfiguration,
+                      ProxyInfo httpProxy) {
+        this.ipAssignment = ipAssignment;
+        this.proxySettings = proxySettings;
+        this.staticIpConfiguration = (staticIpConfiguration == null) ?
+                null : new StaticIpConfiguration(staticIpConfiguration);
+        this.httpProxy = (httpProxy == null) ?
+                null : new ProxyInfo(httpProxy);
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @SystemApi
+    public IpConfiguration() {
+        init(IpAssignment.UNASSIGNED, ProxySettings.UNASSIGNED, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    public IpConfiguration(IpAssignment ipAssignment,
+                           ProxySettings proxySettings,
+                           StaticIpConfiguration staticIpConfiguration,
+                           ProxyInfo httpProxy) {
+        init(ipAssignment, proxySettings, staticIpConfiguration, httpProxy);
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @SystemApi
+    public IpConfiguration(@NonNull IpConfiguration source) {
+        this();
+        if (source != null) {
+            init(source.ipAssignment, source.proxySettings,
+                 source.staticIpConfiguration, source.httpProxy);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @SystemApi
+    public @NonNull IpAssignment getIpAssignment() {
+        return ipAssignment;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @SystemApi
+    public void setIpAssignment(@NonNull IpAssignment ipAssignment) {
+        this.ipAssignment = ipAssignment;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the current static IP configuration (possibly null). Configured via
+     * {@link Builder#setStaticIpConfiguration(StaticIpConfiguration)}.
+     *
+     * @return Current static IP configuration.
+     */
+    public @Nullable StaticIpConfiguration getStaticIpConfiguration() {
+        return staticIpConfiguration;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @SystemApi
+    public void setStaticIpConfiguration(@Nullable StaticIpConfiguration staticIpConfiguration) {
+        this.staticIpConfiguration = staticIpConfiguration;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @SystemApi
+    public @NonNull ProxySettings getProxySettings() {
+        return proxySettings;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @SystemApi
+    public void setProxySettings(@NonNull ProxySettings proxySettings) {
+        this.proxySettings = proxySettings;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The proxy configuration of this object.
+     *
+     * @return The proxy information of this object configured via
+     * {@link Builder#setHttpProxy(ProxyInfo)}.
+     */
+    public @Nullable ProxyInfo getHttpProxy() {
+        return httpProxy;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @SystemApi
+    public void setHttpProxy(@Nullable ProxyInfo httpProxy) {
+        this.httpProxy = httpProxy;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        StringBuilder sbuf = new StringBuilder();
+        sbuf.append("IP assignment: " + ipAssignment.toString());
+        sbuf.append("\n");
+        if (staticIpConfiguration != null) {
+            sbuf.append("Static configuration: " + staticIpConfiguration.toString());
+            sbuf.append("\n");
+        }
+        sbuf.append("Proxy settings: " + proxySettings.toString());
+        sbuf.append("\n");
+        if (httpProxy != null) {
+            sbuf.append("HTTP proxy: " + httpProxy.toString());
+            sbuf.append("\n");
+        }
+
+        return sbuf.toString();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object o) {
+        if (o == this) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (!(o instanceof IpConfiguration)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        IpConfiguration other = (IpConfiguration) o;
+        return this.ipAssignment == other.ipAssignment &&
+                this.proxySettings == other.proxySettings &&
+                Objects.equals(this.staticIpConfiguration, other.staticIpConfiguration) &&
+                Objects.equals(this.httpProxy, other.httpProxy);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return 13 + (staticIpConfiguration != null ? staticIpConfiguration.hashCode() : 0) +
+               17 * ipAssignment.ordinal() +
+               47 * proxySettings.ordinal() +
+               83 * httpProxy.hashCode();
+    }
+
+    /** Implement the Parcelable interface */
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /** Implement the Parcelable interface */
+    public void writeToParcel(@NonNull Parcel dest, int flags) {
+        dest.writeString(ipAssignment.name());
+        dest.writeString(proxySettings.name());
+        dest.writeParcelable(staticIpConfiguration, flags);
+        dest.writeParcelable(httpProxy, flags);
+    }
+
+    /** Implement the Parcelable interface */
+    public static final @NonNull Creator<IpConfiguration> CREATOR =
+        new Creator<IpConfiguration>() {
+            public IpConfiguration createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+                IpConfiguration config = new IpConfiguration();
+                config.ipAssignment = IpAssignment.valueOf(in.readString());
+                config.proxySettings = ProxySettings.valueOf(in.readString());
+                config.staticIpConfiguration = in.readParcelable(null);
+                config.httpProxy = in.readParcelable(null);
+                return config;
+            }
+
+            public IpConfiguration[] newArray(int size) {
+                return new IpConfiguration[size];
+            }
+        };
+
+    /**
+     * Builder used to construct {@link IpConfiguration} objects.
+     */
+    public static final class Builder {
+        private StaticIpConfiguration mStaticIpConfiguration;
+        private ProxyInfo mProxyInfo;
+
+        /**
+         * Set a static IP configuration.
+         *
+         * @param config Static IP configuration.
+         * @return A {@link Builder} object to allow chaining.
+         */
+        public @NonNull Builder setStaticIpConfiguration(@Nullable StaticIpConfiguration config) {
+            mStaticIpConfiguration = config;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set a proxy configuration.
+         *
+         * @param proxyInfo Proxy configuration.
+         * @return A {@link Builder} object to allow chaining.
+         */
+        public @NonNull Builder setHttpProxy(@Nullable ProxyInfo proxyInfo) {
+            mProxyInfo = proxyInfo;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Construct an {@link IpConfiguration}.
+         *
+         * @return A new {@link IpConfiguration} object.
+         */
+        public @NonNull IpConfiguration build() {
+            IpConfiguration config = new IpConfiguration();
+            config.setStaticIpConfiguration(mStaticIpConfiguration);
+            config.setIpAssignment(
+                    mStaticIpConfiguration == null ? IpAssignment.DHCP : IpAssignment.STATIC);
+
+            config.setHttpProxy(mProxyInfo);
+            if (mProxyInfo == null) {
+                config.setProxySettings(ProxySettings.NONE);
+            } else {
+                config.setProxySettings(
+                        mProxyInfo.getPacFileUrl() == null ? ProxySettings.STATIC
+                                : ProxySettings.PAC);
+            }
+            return config;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/IpPrefix.java b/framework/src/android/net/IpPrefix.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c26a0b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/IpPrefix.java
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.IntRange;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+import android.util.Pair;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetUtils;
+
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+
+/**
+ * This class represents an IP prefix, i.e., a contiguous block of IP addresses aligned on a
+ * power of two boundary (also known as an "IP subnet"). A prefix is specified by two pieces of
+ * information:
+ *
+ * <ul>
+ * <li>A starting IP address (IPv4 or IPv6). This is the first IP address of the prefix.
+ * <li>A prefix length. This specifies the length of the prefix by specifing the number of bits
+ *     in the IP address, starting from the most significant bit in network byte order, that
+ *     are constant for all addresses in the prefix.
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * For example, the prefix <code>192.0.2.0/24</code> covers the 256 IPv4 addresses from
+ * <code>192.0.2.0</code> to <code>192.0.2.255</code>, inclusive, and the prefix
+ * <code>2001:db8:1:2</code>  covers the 2^64 IPv6 addresses from <code>2001:db8:1:2::</code> to
+ * <code>2001:db8:1:2:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff</code>, inclusive.
+ *
+ * Objects of this class are immutable.
+ */
+public final class IpPrefix implements Parcelable {
+    private final byte[] address;  // network byte order
+    private final int prefixLength;
+
+    private void checkAndMaskAddressAndPrefixLength() {
+        if (address.length != 4 && address.length != 16) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "IpPrefix has " + address.length + " bytes which is neither 4 nor 16");
+        }
+        NetUtils.maskRawAddress(address, prefixLength);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a new {@code IpPrefix} from a byte array containing an IPv4 or IPv6 address in
+     * network byte order and a prefix length. Silently truncates the address to the prefix length,
+     * so for example {@code 192.0.2.1/24} is silently converted to {@code 192.0.2.0/24}.
+     *
+     * @param address the IP address. Must be non-null and exactly 4 or 16 bytes long.
+     * @param prefixLength the prefix length. Must be &gt;= 0 and &lt;= (32 or 128) (IPv4 or IPv6).
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public IpPrefix(@NonNull byte[] address, @IntRange(from = 0, to = 128) int prefixLength) {
+        this.address = address.clone();
+        this.prefixLength = prefixLength;
+        checkAndMaskAddressAndPrefixLength();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a new {@code IpPrefix} from an IPv4 or IPv6 address and a prefix length. Silently
+     * truncates the address to the prefix length, so for example {@code 192.0.2.1/24} is silently
+     * converted to {@code 192.0.2.0/24}.
+     *
+     * @param address the IP address. Must be non-null.
+     * @param prefixLength the prefix length. Must be &gt;= 0 and &lt;= (32 or 128) (IPv4 or IPv6).
+     */
+    public IpPrefix(@NonNull InetAddress address, @IntRange(from = 0, to = 128) int prefixLength) {
+        // We don't reuse the (byte[], int) constructor because it calls clone() on the byte array,
+        // which is unnecessary because getAddress() already returns a clone.
+        this.address = address.getAddress();
+        this.prefixLength = prefixLength;
+        checkAndMaskAddressAndPrefixLength();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a new IpPrefix from a string such as "192.0.2.1/24" or "2001:db8::1/64".
+     * Silently truncates the address to the prefix length, so for example {@code 192.0.2.1/24}
+     * is silently converted to {@code 192.0.2.0/24}.
+     *
+     * @param prefix the prefix to parse
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public IpPrefix(@NonNull String prefix) {
+        // We don't reuse the (InetAddress, int) constructor because "error: call to this must be
+        // first statement in constructor". We could factor out setting the member variables to an
+        // init() method, but if we did, then we'd have to make the members non-final, or "error:
+        // cannot assign a value to final variable address". So we just duplicate the code here.
+        Pair<InetAddress, Integer> ipAndMask = NetworkUtils.legacyParseIpAndMask(prefix);
+        this.address = ipAndMask.first.getAddress();
+        this.prefixLength = ipAndMask.second;
+        checkAndMaskAddressAndPrefixLength();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compares this {@code IpPrefix} object against the specified object in {@code obj}. Two
+     * objects are equal if they have the same startAddress and prefixLength.
+     *
+     * @param obj the object to be tested for equality.
+     * @return {@code true} if both objects are equal, {@code false} otherwise.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
+        if (!(obj instanceof IpPrefix)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        IpPrefix that = (IpPrefix) obj;
+        return Arrays.equals(this.address, that.address) && this.prefixLength == that.prefixLength;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the hashcode of the represented IP prefix.
+     *
+     * @return the appropriate hashcode value.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Arrays.hashCode(address) + 11 * prefixLength;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a copy of the first IP address in the prefix. Modifying the returned object does not
+     * change this object's contents.
+     *
+     * @return the address in the form of a byte array.
+     */
+    public @NonNull InetAddress getAddress() {
+        try {
+            return InetAddress.getByAddress(address);
+        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
+            // Cannot happen. InetAddress.getByAddress can only throw an exception if the byte
+            // array is the wrong length, but we check that in the constructor.
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Address is invalid");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a copy of the IP address bytes in network order (the highest order byte is the zeroth
+     * element). Modifying the returned array does not change this object's contents.
+     *
+     * @return the address in the form of a byte array.
+     */
+    public @NonNull byte[] getRawAddress() {
+        return address.clone();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the prefix length of this {@code IpPrefix}.
+     *
+     * @return the prefix length.
+     */
+    @IntRange(from = 0, to = 128)
+    public int getPrefixLength() {
+        return prefixLength;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determines whether the prefix contains the specified address.
+     *
+     * @param address An {@link InetAddress} to test.
+     * @return {@code true} if the prefix covers the given address. {@code false} otherwise.
+     */
+    public boolean contains(@NonNull InetAddress address) {
+        byte[] addrBytes = address.getAddress();
+        if (addrBytes == null || addrBytes.length != this.address.length) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        NetUtils.maskRawAddress(addrBytes, prefixLength);
+        return Arrays.equals(this.address, addrBytes);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether the specified prefix is entirely contained in this prefix.
+     *
+     * Note this is mathematical inclusion, so a prefix is always contained within itself.
+     * @param otherPrefix the prefix to test
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean containsPrefix(@NonNull IpPrefix otherPrefix) {
+        if (otherPrefix.getPrefixLength() < prefixLength) return false;
+        final byte[] otherAddress = otherPrefix.getRawAddress();
+        NetUtils.maskRawAddress(otherAddress, prefixLength);
+        return Arrays.equals(otherAddress, address);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean isIPv6() {
+        return getAddress() instanceof Inet6Address;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean isIPv4() {
+        return getAddress() instanceof Inet4Address;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a string representation of this {@code IpPrefix}.
+     *
+     * @return a string such as {@code "192.0.2.0/24"} or {@code "2001:db8:1:2::/64"}.
+     */
+    public String toString() {
+        try {
+            return InetAddress.getByAddress(address).getHostAddress() + "/" + prefixLength;
+        } catch(UnknownHostException e) {
+            // Cosmic rays?
+            throw new IllegalStateException("IpPrefix with invalid address! Shouldn't happen.", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Implement the Parcelable interface.
+     */
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Implement the Parcelable interface.
+     */
+    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
+        dest.writeByteArray(address);
+        dest.writeInt(prefixLength);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a comparator ordering IpPrefixes by length, shorter to longer.
+     * Contents of the address will break ties.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static Comparator<IpPrefix> lengthComparator() {
+        return new Comparator<IpPrefix>() {
+            @Override
+            public int compare(IpPrefix prefix1, IpPrefix prefix2) {
+                if (prefix1.isIPv4()) {
+                    if (prefix2.isIPv6()) return -1;
+                } else {
+                    if (prefix2.isIPv4()) return 1;
+                }
+                final int p1len = prefix1.getPrefixLength();
+                final int p2len = prefix2.getPrefixLength();
+                if (p1len < p2len) return -1;
+                if (p2len < p1len) return 1;
+                final byte[] a1 = prefix1.address;
+                final byte[] a2 = prefix2.address;
+                final int len = a1.length < a2.length ? a1.length : a2.length;
+                for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+                    if (a1[i] < a2[i]) return -1;
+                    if (a1[i] > a2[i]) return 1;
+                }
+                if (a2.length < len) return 1;
+                if (a1.length < len) return -1;
+                return 0;
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Implement the Parcelable interface.
+     */
+    public static final @android.annotation.NonNull Creator<IpPrefix> CREATOR =
+            new Creator<IpPrefix>() {
+                public IpPrefix createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+                    byte[] address = in.createByteArray();
+                    int prefixLength = in.readInt();
+                    return new IpPrefix(address, prefixLength);
+                }
+
+                public IpPrefix[] newArray(int size) {
+                    return new IpPrefix[size];
+                }
+            };
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/KeepalivePacketData.java b/framework/src/android/net/KeepalivePacketData.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f47cc5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/KeepalivePacketData.java
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.net.InvalidPacketException.ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS;
+import static android.net.InvalidPacketException.ERROR_INVALID_PORT;
+
+import android.annotation.IntRange;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.IpUtils;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+
+/**
+ * Represents the actual packets that are sent by the
+ * {@link android.net.SocketKeepalive} API.
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi
+public class KeepalivePacketData {
+    private static final String TAG = "KeepalivePacketData";
+
+    /** Source IP address */
+    @NonNull
+    private final InetAddress mSrcAddress;
+
+    /** Destination IP address */
+    @NonNull
+    private final InetAddress mDstAddress;
+
+    /** Source port */
+    private final int mSrcPort;
+
+    /** Destination port */
+    private final int mDstPort;
+
+    /** Packet data. A raw byte string of packet data, not including the link-layer header. */
+    private final byte[] mPacket;
+
+    // Note: If you add new fields, please modify the parcelling code in the child classes.
+
+
+    // This should only be constructed via static factory methods, such as
+    // nattKeepalivePacket.
+    /**
+     * A holding class for data necessary to build a keepalive packet.
+     */
+    protected KeepalivePacketData(@NonNull InetAddress srcAddress,
+            @IntRange(from = 0, to = 65535) int srcPort, @NonNull InetAddress dstAddress,
+            @IntRange(from = 0, to = 65535) int dstPort,
+            @NonNull byte[] data) throws InvalidPacketException {
+        this.mSrcAddress = srcAddress;
+        this.mDstAddress = dstAddress;
+        this.mSrcPort = srcPort;
+        this.mDstPort = dstPort;
+        this.mPacket = data;
+
+        // Check we have two IP addresses of the same family.
+        if (srcAddress == null || dstAddress == null || !srcAddress.getClass().getName()
+                .equals(dstAddress.getClass().getName())) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Invalid or mismatched InetAddresses in KeepalivePacketData");
+            throw new InvalidPacketException(ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS);
+        }
+
+        // Check the ports.
+        if (!IpUtils.isValidUdpOrTcpPort(srcPort) || !IpUtils.isValidUdpOrTcpPort(dstPort)) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Invalid ports in KeepalivePacketData");
+            throw new InvalidPacketException(ERROR_INVALID_PORT);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Get source IP address. */
+    @NonNull
+    public InetAddress getSrcAddress() {
+        return mSrcAddress;
+    }
+
+    /** Get destination IP address. */
+    @NonNull
+    public InetAddress getDstAddress() {
+        return mDstAddress;
+    }
+
+    /** Get source port number. */
+    public int getSrcPort() {
+        return mSrcPort;
+    }
+
+    /** Get destination port number. */
+    public int getDstPort() {
+        return mDstPort;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a byte array of the given packet data.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public byte[] getPacket() {
+        return mPacket.clone();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "KeepalivePacketData[srcAddress=" + mSrcAddress
+                + ", dstAddress=" + mDstAddress
+                + ", srcPort=" + mSrcPort
+                + ", dstPort=" + mDstPort
+                + ", packet.length=" + mPacket.length
+                + ']';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/LinkAddress.java b/framework/src/android/net/LinkAddress.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d48b8c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/LinkAddress.java
@@ -0,0 +1,549 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IFA_F_DADFAILED;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IFA_F_DEPRECATED;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IFA_F_OPTIMISTIC;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IFA_F_PERMANENT;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IFA_F_TENTATIVE;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.RT_SCOPE_HOST;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.RT_SCOPE_LINK;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.RT_SCOPE_SITE;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE;
+
+import android.annotation.IntRange;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+import android.util.Pair;
+
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.InterfaceAddress;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Identifies an IP address on a network link.
+ *
+ * A {@code LinkAddress} consists of:
+ * <ul>
+ * <li>An IP address and prefix length (e.g., {@code 2001:db8::1/64} or {@code 192.0.2.1/24}).
+ * The address must be unicast, as multicast addresses cannot be assigned to interfaces.
+ * <li>Address flags: A bitmask of {@code OsConstants.IFA_F_*} values representing properties
+ * of the address (e.g., {@code android.system.OsConstants.IFA_F_OPTIMISTIC}).
+ * <li>Address scope: One of the {@code OsConstants.IFA_F_*} values; defines the scope in which
+ * the address is unique (e.g.,
+ * {@code android.system.OsConstants.RT_SCOPE_LINK} or
+ * {@code android.system.OsConstants.RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE}).
+ * </ul>
+ */
+public class LinkAddress implements Parcelable {
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates the deprecation or expiration time is unknown
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static final long LIFETIME_UNKNOWN = -1;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates this address is permanent.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static final long LIFETIME_PERMANENT = Long.MAX_VALUE;
+
+    /**
+     * IPv4 or IPv6 address.
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.P, trackingBug = 115609023)
+    private InetAddress address;
+
+    /**
+     * Prefix length.
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.P, trackingBug = 115609023)
+    private int prefixLength;
+
+    /**
+     * Address flags. A bitmask of {@code IFA_F_*} values. Note that {@link #getFlags()} may not
+     * return these exact values. For example, it may set or clear the {@code IFA_F_DEPRECATED}
+     * flag depending on the current preferred lifetime.
+     */
+    private int flags;
+
+    /**
+     * Address scope. One of the RT_SCOPE_* constants.
+     */
+    private int scope;
+
+    /**
+     * The time, as reported by {@link SystemClock#elapsedRealtime}, when this LinkAddress will be
+     * or was deprecated. At the time existing connections can still use this address until it
+     * expires, but new connections should use the new address. {@link #LIFETIME_UNKNOWN} indicates
+     * this information is not available. {@link #LIFETIME_PERMANENT} indicates this
+     * {@link LinkAddress} will never be deprecated.
+     */
+    private long deprecationTime;
+
+    /**
+     * The time, as reported by {@link SystemClock#elapsedRealtime}, when this {@link LinkAddress}
+     * will expire and be removed from the interface. {@link #LIFETIME_UNKNOWN} indicates this
+     * information is not available. {@link #LIFETIME_PERMANENT} indicates this {@link LinkAddress}
+     * will never expire.
+     */
+    private long expirationTime;
+
+    /**
+     * Utility function to determines the scope of a unicast address. Per RFC 4291 section 2.5 and
+     * RFC 6724 section 3.2.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    private static int scopeForUnicastAddress(InetAddress addr) {
+        if (addr.isAnyLocalAddress()) {
+            return RT_SCOPE_HOST;
+        }
+
+        if (addr.isLoopbackAddress() || addr.isLinkLocalAddress()) {
+            return RT_SCOPE_LINK;
+        }
+
+        // isSiteLocalAddress() returns true for private IPv4 addresses, but RFC 6724 section 3.2
+        // says that they are assigned global scope.
+        if (!(addr instanceof Inet4Address) && addr.isSiteLocalAddress()) {
+            return RT_SCOPE_SITE;
+        }
+
+        return RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Utility function to check if |address| is a Unique Local IPv6 Unicast Address
+     * (a.k.a. "ULA"; RFC 4193).
+     *
+     * Per RFC 4193 section 8, fc00::/7 identifies these addresses.
+     */
+    private boolean isIpv6ULA() {
+        if (isIpv6()) {
+            byte[] bytes = address.getAddress();
+            return ((bytes[0] & (byte)0xfe) == (byte)0xfc);
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return true if the address is IPv6.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public boolean isIpv6() {
+        return address instanceof Inet6Address;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * For backward compatibility.
+     * This was annotated with @UnsupportedAppUsage in P, so we can't remove the method completely
+     * just yet.
+     * @return true if the address is IPv6.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.P)
+    public boolean isIPv6() {
+        return isIpv6();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return true if the address is IPv4 or is a mapped IPv4 address.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public boolean isIpv4() {
+        return address instanceof Inet4Address;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Utility function for the constructors.
+     */
+    private void init(InetAddress address, int prefixLength, int flags, int scope,
+                      long deprecationTime, long expirationTime) {
+        if (address == null ||
+                address.isMulticastAddress() ||
+                prefixLength < 0 ||
+                (address instanceof Inet4Address && prefixLength > 32) ||
+                (prefixLength > 128)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Bad LinkAddress params " + address +
+                    "/" + prefixLength);
+        }
+
+        // deprecation time and expiration time must be both provided, or neither.
+        if ((deprecationTime == LIFETIME_UNKNOWN) != (expirationTime == LIFETIME_UNKNOWN)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "Must not specify only one of deprecation time and expiration time");
+        }
+
+        // deprecation time needs to be a positive value.
+        if (deprecationTime != LIFETIME_UNKNOWN && deprecationTime < 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("invalid deprecation time " + deprecationTime);
+        }
+
+        // expiration time needs to be a positive value.
+        if (expirationTime != LIFETIME_UNKNOWN && expirationTime < 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("invalid expiration time " + expirationTime);
+        }
+
+        // expiration time can't be earlier than deprecation time
+        if (deprecationTime != LIFETIME_UNKNOWN && expirationTime != LIFETIME_UNKNOWN
+                && expirationTime < deprecationTime) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("expiration earlier than deprecation ("
+                    + deprecationTime + ", " + expirationTime + ")");
+        }
+
+        this.address = address;
+        this.prefixLength = prefixLength;
+        this.flags = flags;
+        this.scope = scope;
+        this.deprecationTime = deprecationTime;
+        this.expirationTime = expirationTime;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a new {@code LinkAddress} from an {@code InetAddress} and prefix length, with
+     * the specified flags and scope. Flags and scope are not checked for validity.
+     *
+     * @param address The IP address.
+     * @param prefixLength The prefix length. Must be &gt;= 0 and &lt;= (32 or 128) (IPv4 or IPv6).
+     * @param flags A bitmask of {@code IFA_F_*} values representing properties of the address.
+     * @param scope An integer defining the scope in which the address is unique (e.g.,
+     *              {@link OsConstants#RT_SCOPE_LINK} or {@link OsConstants#RT_SCOPE_SITE}).
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public LinkAddress(@NonNull InetAddress address, @IntRange(from = 0, to = 128) int prefixLength,
+            int flags, int scope) {
+        init(address, prefixLength, flags, scope, LIFETIME_UNKNOWN, LIFETIME_UNKNOWN);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a new {@code LinkAddress} from an {@code InetAddress}, prefix length, with
+     * the specified flags, scope, deprecation time, and expiration time. Flags and scope are not
+     * checked for validity. The value of the {@code IFA_F_DEPRECATED} and {@code IFA_F_PERMANENT}
+     * flag will be adjusted based on the passed-in lifetimes.
+     *
+     * @param address The IP address.
+     * @param prefixLength The prefix length. Must be &gt;= 0 and &lt;= (32 or 128) (IPv4 or IPv6).
+     * @param flags A bitmask of {@code IFA_F_*} values representing properties of the address.
+     * @param scope An integer defining the scope in which the address is unique (e.g.,
+     *              {@link OsConstants#RT_SCOPE_LINK} or {@link OsConstants#RT_SCOPE_SITE}).
+     * @param deprecationTime The time, as reported by {@link SystemClock#elapsedRealtime}, when
+     *                        this {@link LinkAddress} will be or was deprecated. At the time
+     *                        existing connections can still use this address until it expires, but
+     *                        new connections should use the new address. {@link #LIFETIME_UNKNOWN}
+     *                        indicates this information is not available.
+     *                        {@link #LIFETIME_PERMANENT} indicates this {@link LinkAddress} will
+     *                        never be deprecated.
+     * @param expirationTime The time, as reported by {@link SystemClock#elapsedRealtime}, when this
+     *                       {@link LinkAddress} will expire and be removed from the interface.
+     *                       {@link #LIFETIME_UNKNOWN} indicates this information is not available.
+     *                       {@link #LIFETIME_PERMANENT} indicates this {@link LinkAddress} will
+     *                       never expire.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public LinkAddress(@NonNull InetAddress address, @IntRange(from = 0, to = 128) int prefixLength,
+                       int flags, int scope, long deprecationTime, long expirationTime) {
+        init(address, prefixLength, flags, scope, deprecationTime, expirationTime);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a new {@code LinkAddress} from an {@code InetAddress} and a prefix length.
+     * The flags are set to zero and the scope is determined from the address.
+     * @param address The IP address.
+     * @param prefixLength The prefix length. Must be &gt;= 0 and &lt;= (32 or 128) (IPv4 or IPv6).
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public LinkAddress(@NonNull InetAddress address,
+            @IntRange(from = 0, to = 128) int prefixLength) {
+        this(address, prefixLength, 0, 0);
+        this.scope = scopeForUnicastAddress(address);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a new {@code LinkAddress} from an {@code InterfaceAddress}.
+     * The flags are set to zero and the scope is determined from the address.
+     * @param interfaceAddress The interface address.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public LinkAddress(@NonNull InterfaceAddress interfaceAddress) {
+        this(interfaceAddress.getAddress(),
+             interfaceAddress.getNetworkPrefixLength());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a new {@code LinkAddress} from a string such as "192.0.2.5/24" or
+     * "2001:db8::1/64". The flags are set to zero and the scope is determined from the address.
+     * @param address The string to parse.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public LinkAddress(@NonNull String address) {
+        this(address, 0, 0);
+        this.scope = scopeForUnicastAddress(this.address);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a new {@code LinkAddress} from a string such as "192.0.2.5/24" or
+     * "2001:db8::1/64", with the specified flags and scope.
+     * @param address The string to parse.
+     * @param flags The address flags.
+     * @param scope The address scope.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public LinkAddress(@NonNull String address, int flags, int scope) {
+        // This may throw an IllegalArgumentException; catching it is the caller's responsibility.
+        // TODO: consider rejecting mapped IPv4 addresses such as "::ffff:192.0.2.5/24".
+        Pair<InetAddress, Integer> ipAndMask = NetworkUtils.legacyParseIpAndMask(address);
+        init(ipAndMask.first, ipAndMask.second, flags, scope, LIFETIME_UNKNOWN, LIFETIME_UNKNOWN);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a string representation of this address, such as "192.0.2.1/24" or "2001:db8::1/64".
+     * The string representation does not contain the flags and scope, just the address and prefix
+     * length.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return address.getHostAddress() + "/" + prefixLength;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compares this {@code LinkAddress} instance against {@code obj}. Two addresses are equal if
+     * their address, prefix length, flags and scope are equal. Thus, for example, two addresses
+     * that have the same address and prefix length are not equal if one of them is deprecated and
+     * the other is not.
+     *
+     * @param obj the object to be tested for equality.
+     * @return {@code true} if both objects are equal, {@code false} otherwise.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
+        if (!(obj instanceof LinkAddress)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        LinkAddress linkAddress = (LinkAddress) obj;
+        return this.address.equals(linkAddress.address)
+                && this.prefixLength == linkAddress.prefixLength
+                && this.flags == linkAddress.flags
+                && this.scope == linkAddress.scope
+                && this.deprecationTime == linkAddress.deprecationTime
+                && this.expirationTime == linkAddress.expirationTime;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a hashcode for this address.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hash(address, prefixLength, flags, scope, deprecationTime, expirationTime);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determines whether this {@code LinkAddress} and the provided {@code LinkAddress}
+     * represent the same address. Two {@code LinkAddresses} represent the same address
+     * if they have the same IP address and prefix length, even if their properties are
+     * different.
+     *
+     * @param other the {@code LinkAddress} to compare to.
+     * @return {@code true} if both objects have the same address and prefix length, {@code false}
+     * otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public boolean isSameAddressAs(@Nullable LinkAddress other) {
+        if (other == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return address.equals(other.address) && prefixLength == other.prefixLength;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the {@link InetAddress} of this {@code LinkAddress}.
+     */
+    public InetAddress getAddress() {
+        return address;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the prefix length of this {@code LinkAddress}.
+     */
+    @IntRange(from = 0, to = 128)
+    public int getPrefixLength() {
+        return prefixLength;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the prefix length of this {@code LinkAddress}.
+     * TODO: Delete all callers and remove in favour of getPrefixLength().
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    @IntRange(from = 0, to = 128)
+    public int getNetworkPrefixLength() {
+        return getPrefixLength();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the flags of this {@code LinkAddress}.
+     */
+    public int getFlags() {
+        int flags = this.flags;
+        if (deprecationTime != LIFETIME_UNKNOWN) {
+            if (SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() >= deprecationTime) {
+                flags |= IFA_F_DEPRECATED;
+            } else {
+                // If deprecation time is in the future, or permanent.
+                flags &= ~IFA_F_DEPRECATED;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (expirationTime == LIFETIME_PERMANENT) {
+            flags |= IFA_F_PERMANENT;
+        } else if (expirationTime != LIFETIME_UNKNOWN) {
+            // If we know this address expired or will expire in the future, then this address
+            // should not be permanent.
+            flags &= ~IFA_F_PERMANENT;
+        }
+
+        // Do no touch the original flags. Return the adjusted flags here.
+        return flags;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the scope of this {@code LinkAddress}.
+     */
+    public int getScope() {
+        return scope;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the deprecation time, as reported by {@link SystemClock#elapsedRealtime}, when this
+     * {@link LinkAddress} will be or was deprecated. At the time existing connections can still use
+     * this address until it expires, but new connections should use the new address.
+     *
+     * @return The deprecation time in milliseconds. {@link #LIFETIME_UNKNOWN} indicates this
+     * information is not available. {@link #LIFETIME_PERMANENT} indicates this {@link LinkAddress}
+     * will never be deprecated.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public long getDeprecationTime() {
+        return deprecationTime;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the expiration time, as reported by {@link SystemClock#elapsedRealtime}, when this
+     * {@link LinkAddress} will expire and be removed from the interface.
+     *
+     * @return The expiration time in milliseconds. {@link #LIFETIME_UNKNOWN} indicates this
+     * information is not available. {@link #LIFETIME_PERMANENT} indicates this {@link LinkAddress}
+     * will never expire.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public long getExpirationTime() {
+        return expirationTime;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if this {@code LinkAddress} is global scope and preferred (i.e., not currently
+     * deprecated).
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public boolean isGlobalPreferred() {
+        /**
+         * Note that addresses flagged as IFA_F_OPTIMISTIC are
+         * simultaneously flagged as IFA_F_TENTATIVE (when the tentative
+         * state has cleared either DAD has succeeded or failed, and both
+         * flags are cleared regardless).
+         */
+        int flags = getFlags();
+        return (scope == RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE
+                && !isIpv6ULA()
+                && (flags & (IFA_F_DADFAILED | IFA_F_DEPRECATED)) == 0L
+                && ((flags & IFA_F_TENTATIVE) == 0L || (flags & IFA_F_OPTIMISTIC) != 0L));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Implement the Parcelable interface.
+     */
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Implement the Parcelable interface.
+     */
+    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
+        dest.writeByteArray(address.getAddress());
+        dest.writeInt(prefixLength);
+        dest.writeInt(this.flags);
+        dest.writeInt(scope);
+        dest.writeLong(deprecationTime);
+        dest.writeLong(expirationTime);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Implement the Parcelable interface.
+     */
+    public static final @android.annotation.NonNull Creator<LinkAddress> CREATOR =
+        new Creator<LinkAddress>() {
+            public LinkAddress createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+                InetAddress address = null;
+                try {
+                    address = InetAddress.getByAddress(in.createByteArray());
+                } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
+                    // Nothing we can do here. When we call the constructor, we'll throw an
+                    // IllegalArgumentException, because a LinkAddress can't have a null
+                    // InetAddress.
+                }
+                int prefixLength = in.readInt();
+                int flags = in.readInt();
+                int scope = in.readInt();
+                long deprecationTime = in.readLong();
+                long expirationTime = in.readLong();
+                return new LinkAddress(address, prefixLength, flags, scope, deprecationTime,
+                        expirationTime);
+            }
+
+            public LinkAddress[] newArray(int size) {
+                return new LinkAddress[size];
+            }
+        };
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/LinkProperties.java b/framework/src/android/net/LinkProperties.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..99f48b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/LinkProperties.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1823 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.LinkPropertiesUtils;
+
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Hashtable;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.StringJoiner;
+
+/**
+ * Describes the properties of a network link.
+ *
+ * A link represents a connection to a network.
+ * It may have multiple addresses and multiple gateways,
+ * multiple dns servers but only one http proxy and one
+ * network interface.
+ *
+ * Note that this is just a holder of data.  Modifying it
+ * does not affect live networks.
+ *
+ */
+public final class LinkProperties implements Parcelable {
+    // The interface described by the network link.
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.P, trackingBug = 115609023)
+    private String mIfaceName;
+    private final ArrayList<LinkAddress> mLinkAddresses = new ArrayList<>();
+    private final ArrayList<InetAddress> mDnses = new ArrayList<>();
+    // PCSCF addresses are addresses of SIP proxies that only exist for the IMS core service.
+    private final ArrayList<InetAddress> mPcscfs = new ArrayList<InetAddress>();
+    private final ArrayList<InetAddress> mValidatedPrivateDnses = new ArrayList<>();
+    private boolean mUsePrivateDns;
+    private String mPrivateDnsServerName;
+    private String mDomains;
+    private ArrayList<RouteInfo> mRoutes = new ArrayList<>();
+    private Inet4Address mDhcpServerAddress;
+    private ProxyInfo mHttpProxy;
+    private int mMtu;
+    // in the format "rmem_min,rmem_def,rmem_max,wmem_min,wmem_def,wmem_max"
+    private String mTcpBufferSizes;
+    private IpPrefix mNat64Prefix;
+    private boolean mWakeOnLanSupported;
+    private Uri mCaptivePortalApiUrl;
+    private CaptivePortalData mCaptivePortalData;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates whether parceling should preserve fields that are set based on permissions of
+     * the process receiving the {@link LinkProperties}.
+     */
+    private final transient boolean mParcelSensitiveFields;
+
+    private static final int MIN_MTU    = 68;
+
+    private static final int MIN_MTU_V6 = 1280;
+
+    private static final int MAX_MTU    = 10000;
+
+    private static final int INET6_ADDR_LENGTH = 16;
+
+    // Stores the properties of links that are "stacked" above this link.
+    // Indexed by interface name to allow modification and to prevent duplicates being added.
+    private Hashtable<String, LinkProperties> mStackedLinks = new Hashtable<>();
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(implicitMember =
+            "values()[Landroid/net/LinkProperties$ProvisioningChange;")
+    public enum ProvisioningChange {
+        @UnsupportedAppUsage
+        STILL_NOT_PROVISIONED,
+        @UnsupportedAppUsage
+        LOST_PROVISIONING,
+        @UnsupportedAppUsage
+        GAINED_PROVISIONING,
+        @UnsupportedAppUsage
+        STILL_PROVISIONED,
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compare the provisioning states of two LinkProperties instances.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    public static ProvisioningChange compareProvisioning(
+            LinkProperties before, LinkProperties after) {
+        if (before.isProvisioned() && after.isProvisioned()) {
+            // On dual-stack networks, DHCPv4 renewals can occasionally fail.
+            // When this happens, IPv6-reachable services continue to function
+            // normally but IPv4-only services (naturally) fail.
+            //
+            // When an application using an IPv4-only service reports a bad
+            // network condition to the framework, attempts to re-validate
+            // the network succeed (since we support IPv6-only networks) and
+            // nothing is changed.
+            //
+            // For users, this is confusing and unexpected behaviour, and is
+            // not necessarily easy to diagnose.  Therefore, we treat changing
+            // from a dual-stack network to an IPv6-only network equivalent to
+            // a total loss of provisioning.
+            //
+            // For one such example of this, see b/18867306.
+            //
+            // Additionally, losing IPv6 provisioning can result in TCP
+            // connections getting stuck until timeouts fire and other
+            // baffling failures. Therefore, loss of either IPv4 or IPv6 on a
+            // previously dual-stack network is deemed a lost of provisioning.
+            if ((before.isIpv4Provisioned() && !after.isIpv4Provisioned())
+                    || (before.isIpv6Provisioned() && !after.isIpv6Provisioned())) {
+                return ProvisioningChange.LOST_PROVISIONING;
+            }
+            return ProvisioningChange.STILL_PROVISIONED;
+        } else if (before.isProvisioned() && !after.isProvisioned()) {
+            return ProvisioningChange.LOST_PROVISIONING;
+        } else if (!before.isProvisioned() && after.isProvisioned()) {
+            return ProvisioningChange.GAINED_PROVISIONING;
+        } else {  // !before.isProvisioned() && !after.isProvisioned()
+            return ProvisioningChange.STILL_NOT_PROVISIONED;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a new {@code LinkProperties} with default values.
+     */
+    public LinkProperties() {
+        mParcelSensitiveFields = false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public LinkProperties(@Nullable LinkProperties source) {
+        this(source, false /* parcelSensitiveFields */);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a copy of a {@link LinkProperties} that may preserve fields that were set
+     * based on the permissions of the process that originally received it.
+     *
+     * <p>By default {@link LinkProperties} does not preserve such fields during parceling, as
+     * they should not be shared outside of the process that receives them without appropriate
+     * checks.
+     * @param parcelSensitiveFields Whether the sensitive fields should be kept when parceling
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public LinkProperties(@Nullable LinkProperties source, boolean parcelSensitiveFields) {
+        mParcelSensitiveFields = parcelSensitiveFields;
+        if (source == null) return;
+        mIfaceName = source.mIfaceName;
+        mLinkAddresses.addAll(source.mLinkAddresses);
+        mDnses.addAll(source.mDnses);
+        mValidatedPrivateDnses.addAll(source.mValidatedPrivateDnses);
+        mUsePrivateDns = source.mUsePrivateDns;
+        mPrivateDnsServerName = source.mPrivateDnsServerName;
+        mPcscfs.addAll(source.mPcscfs);
+        mDomains = source.mDomains;
+        mRoutes.addAll(source.mRoutes);
+        mHttpProxy = (source.mHttpProxy == null) ? null : new ProxyInfo(source.mHttpProxy);
+        for (LinkProperties l: source.mStackedLinks.values()) {
+            addStackedLink(l);
+        }
+        setMtu(source.mMtu);
+        setDhcpServerAddress(source.getDhcpServerAddress());
+        mTcpBufferSizes = source.mTcpBufferSizes;
+        mNat64Prefix = source.mNat64Prefix;
+        mWakeOnLanSupported = source.mWakeOnLanSupported;
+        mCaptivePortalApiUrl = source.mCaptivePortalApiUrl;
+        mCaptivePortalData = source.mCaptivePortalData;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the interface name for this link.  All {@link RouteInfo} already set for this
+     * will have their interface changed to match this new value.
+     *
+     * @param iface The name of the network interface used for this link.
+     */
+    public void setInterfaceName(@Nullable String iface) {
+        mIfaceName = iface;
+        ArrayList<RouteInfo> newRoutes = new ArrayList<>(mRoutes.size());
+        for (RouteInfo route : mRoutes) {
+            newRoutes.add(routeWithInterface(route));
+        }
+        mRoutes = newRoutes;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the interface name for this link.  May be {@code null} if not set.
+     *
+     * @return The interface name set for this link or {@code null}.
+     */
+    public @Nullable String getInterfaceName() {
+        return mIfaceName;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public @NonNull List<String> getAllInterfaceNames() {
+        List<String> interfaceNames = new ArrayList<>(mStackedLinks.size() + 1);
+        if (mIfaceName != null) interfaceNames.add(mIfaceName);
+        for (LinkProperties stacked: mStackedLinks.values()) {
+            interfaceNames.addAll(stacked.getAllInterfaceNames());
+        }
+        return interfaceNames;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns all the addresses on this link.  We often think of a link having a single address,
+     * however, particularly with Ipv6 several addresses are typical.  Note that the
+     * {@code LinkProperties} actually contains {@link LinkAddress} objects which also include
+     * prefix lengths for each address.  This is a simplified utility alternative to
+     * {@link LinkProperties#getLinkAddresses}.
+     *
+     * @return An unmodifiable {@link List} of {@link InetAddress} for this link.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public @NonNull List<InetAddress> getAddresses() {
+        final List<InetAddress> addresses = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (LinkAddress linkAddress : mLinkAddresses) {
+            addresses.add(linkAddress.getAddress());
+        }
+        return Collections.unmodifiableList(addresses);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns all the addresses on this link and all the links stacked above it.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public @NonNull List<InetAddress> getAllAddresses() {
+        List<InetAddress> addresses = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (LinkAddress linkAddress : mLinkAddresses) {
+            addresses.add(linkAddress.getAddress());
+        }
+        for (LinkProperties stacked: mStackedLinks.values()) {
+            addresses.addAll(stacked.getAllAddresses());
+        }
+        return addresses;
+    }
+
+    private int findLinkAddressIndex(LinkAddress address) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < mLinkAddresses.size(); i++) {
+            if (mLinkAddresses.get(i).isSameAddressAs(address)) {
+                return i;
+            }
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a {@link LinkAddress} to this {@code LinkProperties} if a {@link LinkAddress} of the
+     * same address/prefix does not already exist.  If it does exist it is replaced.
+     * @param address The {@code LinkAddress} to add.
+     * @return true if {@code address} was added or updated, false otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public boolean addLinkAddress(@NonNull LinkAddress address) {
+        if (address == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        int i = findLinkAddressIndex(address);
+        if (i < 0) {
+            // Address was not present. Add it.
+            mLinkAddresses.add(address);
+            return true;
+        } else if (mLinkAddresses.get(i).equals(address)) {
+            // Address was present and has same properties. Do nothing.
+            return false;
+        } else {
+            // Address was present and has different properties. Update it.
+            mLinkAddresses.set(i, address);
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes a {@link LinkAddress} from this {@code LinkProperties}.  Specifically, matches
+     * and {@link LinkAddress} with the same address and prefix.
+     *
+     * @param toRemove A {@link LinkAddress} specifying the address to remove.
+     * @return true if the address was removed, false if it did not exist.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public boolean removeLinkAddress(@NonNull LinkAddress toRemove) {
+        int i = findLinkAddressIndex(toRemove);
+        if (i >= 0) {
+            mLinkAddresses.remove(i);
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns all the {@link LinkAddress} on this link.  Typically a link will have
+     * one IPv4 address and one or more IPv6 addresses.
+     *
+     * @return An unmodifiable {@link List} of {@link LinkAddress} for this link.
+     */
+    public @NonNull List<LinkAddress> getLinkAddresses() {
+        return Collections.unmodifiableList(mLinkAddresses);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns all the addresses on this link and all the links stacked above it.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public @NonNull List<LinkAddress> getAllLinkAddresses() {
+        List<LinkAddress> addresses = new ArrayList<>(mLinkAddresses);
+        for (LinkProperties stacked: mStackedLinks.values()) {
+            addresses.addAll(stacked.getAllLinkAddresses());
+        }
+        return addresses;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replaces the {@link LinkAddress} in this {@code LinkProperties} with
+     * the given {@link Collection} of {@link LinkAddress}.
+     *
+     * @param addresses The {@link Collection} of {@link LinkAddress} to set in this
+     *                  object.
+     */
+    public void setLinkAddresses(@NonNull Collection<LinkAddress> addresses) {
+        mLinkAddresses.clear();
+        for (LinkAddress address: addresses) {
+            addLinkAddress(address);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds the given {@link InetAddress} to the list of DNS servers, if not present.
+     *
+     * @param dnsServer The {@link InetAddress} to add to the list of DNS servers.
+     * @return true if the DNS server was added, false if it was already present.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public boolean addDnsServer(@NonNull InetAddress dnsServer) {
+        if (dnsServer != null && !mDnses.contains(dnsServer)) {
+            mDnses.add(dnsServer);
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes the given {@link InetAddress} from the list of DNS servers.
+     *
+     * @param dnsServer The {@link InetAddress} to remove from the list of DNS servers.
+     * @return true if the DNS server was removed, false if it did not exist.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public boolean removeDnsServer(@NonNull InetAddress dnsServer) {
+        return mDnses.remove(dnsServer);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replaces the DNS servers in this {@code LinkProperties} with
+     * the given {@link Collection} of {@link InetAddress} objects.
+     *
+     * @param dnsServers The {@link Collection} of DNS servers to set in this object.
+     */
+    public void setDnsServers(@NonNull Collection<InetAddress> dnsServers) {
+        mDnses.clear();
+        for (InetAddress dnsServer: dnsServers) {
+            addDnsServer(dnsServer);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns all the {@link InetAddress} for DNS servers on this link.
+     *
+     * @return An unmodifiable {@link List} of {@link InetAddress} for DNS servers on
+     *         this link.
+     */
+    public @NonNull List<InetAddress> getDnsServers() {
+        return Collections.unmodifiableList(mDnses);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set whether private DNS is currently in use on this network.
+     *
+     * @param usePrivateDns The private DNS state.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public void setUsePrivateDns(boolean usePrivateDns) {
+        mUsePrivateDns = usePrivateDns;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether private DNS is currently in use on this network. When
+     * private DNS is in use, applications must not send unencrypted DNS
+     * queries as doing so could reveal private user information. Furthermore,
+     * if private DNS is in use and {@link #getPrivateDnsServerName} is not
+     * {@code null}, DNS queries must be sent to the specified DNS server.
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} if private DNS is in use, {@code false} otherwise.
+     */
+    public boolean isPrivateDnsActive() {
+        return mUsePrivateDns;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the name of the private DNS server to which private DNS queries
+     * should be sent when in strict mode. This value should be {@code null}
+     * when private DNS is off or in opportunistic mode.
+     *
+     * @param privateDnsServerName The private DNS server name.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public void setPrivateDnsServerName(@Nullable String privateDnsServerName) {
+        mPrivateDnsServerName = privateDnsServerName;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set DHCP server address.
+     *
+     * @param serverAddress the server address to set.
+     */
+    public void setDhcpServerAddress(@Nullable Inet4Address serverAddress) {
+        mDhcpServerAddress = serverAddress;
+    }
+
+     /**
+     * Get DHCP server address
+     *
+     * @return The current DHCP server address.
+     */
+    public @Nullable Inet4Address getDhcpServerAddress() {
+        return mDhcpServerAddress;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the private DNS server name that is in use. If not {@code null},
+     * private DNS is in strict mode. In this mode, applications should ensure
+     * that all DNS queries are encrypted and sent to this hostname and that
+     * queries are only sent if the hostname's certificate is valid. If
+     * {@code null} and {@link #isPrivateDnsActive} is {@code true}, private
+     * DNS is in opportunistic mode, and applications should ensure that DNS
+     * queries are encrypted and sent to a DNS server returned by
+     * {@link #getDnsServers}. System DNS will handle each of these cases
+     * correctly, but applications implementing their own DNS lookups must make
+     * sure to follow these requirements.
+     *
+     * @return The private DNS server name.
+     */
+    public @Nullable String getPrivateDnsServerName() {
+        return mPrivateDnsServerName;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds the given {@link InetAddress} to the list of validated private DNS servers,
+     * if not present. This is distinct from the server name in that these are actually
+     * resolved addresses.
+     *
+     * @param dnsServer The {@link InetAddress} to add to the list of validated private DNS servers.
+     * @return true if the DNS server was added, false if it was already present.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean addValidatedPrivateDnsServer(@NonNull InetAddress dnsServer) {
+        if (dnsServer != null && !mValidatedPrivateDnses.contains(dnsServer)) {
+            mValidatedPrivateDnses.add(dnsServer);
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes the given {@link InetAddress} from the list of validated private DNS servers.
+     *
+     * @param dnsServer The {@link InetAddress} to remove from the list of validated private DNS
+     *        servers.
+     * @return true if the DNS server was removed, false if it did not exist.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean removeValidatedPrivateDnsServer(@NonNull InetAddress dnsServer) {
+        return mValidatedPrivateDnses.remove(dnsServer);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replaces the validated private DNS servers in this {@code LinkProperties} with
+     * the given {@link Collection} of {@link InetAddress} objects.
+     *
+     * @param dnsServers The {@link Collection} of validated private DNS servers to set in this
+     *        object.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public void setValidatedPrivateDnsServers(@NonNull Collection<InetAddress> dnsServers) {
+        mValidatedPrivateDnses.clear();
+        for (InetAddress dnsServer: dnsServers) {
+            addValidatedPrivateDnsServer(dnsServer);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns all the {@link InetAddress} for validated private DNS servers on this link.
+     * These are resolved from the private DNS server name.
+     *
+     * @return An unmodifiable {@link List} of {@link InetAddress} for validated private
+     *         DNS servers on this link.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public @NonNull List<InetAddress> getValidatedPrivateDnsServers() {
+        return Collections.unmodifiableList(mValidatedPrivateDnses);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds the given {@link InetAddress} to the list of PCSCF servers, if not present.
+     *
+     * @param pcscfServer The {@link InetAddress} to add to the list of PCSCF servers.
+     * @return true if the PCSCF server was added, false otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public boolean addPcscfServer(@NonNull InetAddress pcscfServer) {
+        if (pcscfServer != null && !mPcscfs.contains(pcscfServer)) {
+            mPcscfs.add(pcscfServer);
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes the given {@link InetAddress} from the list of PCSCF servers.
+     *
+     * @param pcscfServer The {@link InetAddress} to remove from the list of PCSCF servers.
+     * @return true if the PCSCF server was removed, false otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean removePcscfServer(@NonNull InetAddress pcscfServer) {
+        return mPcscfs.remove(pcscfServer);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replaces the PCSCF servers in this {@code LinkProperties} with
+     * the given {@link Collection} of {@link InetAddress} objects.
+     *
+     * @param pcscfServers The {@link Collection} of PCSCF servers to set in this object.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public void setPcscfServers(@NonNull Collection<InetAddress> pcscfServers) {
+        mPcscfs.clear();
+        for (InetAddress pcscfServer: pcscfServers) {
+            addPcscfServer(pcscfServer);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns all the {@link InetAddress} for PCSCF servers on this link.
+     *
+     * @return An unmodifiable {@link List} of {@link InetAddress} for PCSCF servers on
+     *         this link.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public @NonNull List<InetAddress> getPcscfServers() {
+        return Collections.unmodifiableList(mPcscfs);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the DNS domain search path used on this link.
+     *
+     * @param domains A {@link String} listing in priority order the comma separated
+     *                domains to search when resolving host names on this link.
+     */
+    public void setDomains(@Nullable String domains) {
+        mDomains = domains;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the DNS domains search path set for this link. May be {@code null} if not set.
+     *
+     * @return A {@link String} containing the comma separated domains to search when resolving host
+     *         names on this link or {@code null}.
+     */
+    public @Nullable String getDomains() {
+        return mDomains;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the Maximum Transmission Unit size to use on this link.  This should not be used
+     * unless the system default (1500) is incorrect.  Values less than 68 or greater than
+     * 10000 will be ignored.
+     *
+     * @param mtu The MTU to use for this link.
+     */
+    public void setMtu(int mtu) {
+        mMtu = mtu;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets any non-default MTU size set for this link.  Note that if the default is being used
+     * this will return 0.
+     *
+     * @return The mtu value set for this link.
+     */
+    public int getMtu() {
+        return mMtu;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the tcp buffers sizes to be used when this link is the system default.
+     * Should be of the form "rmem_min,rmem_def,rmem_max,wmem_min,wmem_def,wmem_max".
+     *
+     * @param tcpBufferSizes The tcp buffers sizes to use.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public void setTcpBufferSizes(@Nullable String tcpBufferSizes) {
+        mTcpBufferSizes = tcpBufferSizes;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the tcp buffer sizes. May be {@code null} if not set.
+     *
+     * @return the tcp buffer sizes to use when this link is the system default or {@code null}.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public @Nullable String getTcpBufferSizes() {
+        return mTcpBufferSizes;
+    }
+
+    private RouteInfo routeWithInterface(RouteInfo route) {
+        return new RouteInfo(
+            route.getDestination(),
+            route.getGateway(),
+            mIfaceName,
+            route.getType(),
+            route.getMtu());
+    }
+
+    private int findRouteIndexByRouteKey(RouteInfo route) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < mRoutes.size(); i++) {
+            if (mRoutes.get(i).getRouteKey().equals(route.getRouteKey())) {
+                return i;
+            }
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a {@link RouteInfo} to this {@code LinkProperties}. If there is a {@link RouteInfo}
+     * with the same destination, gateway and interface with different properties
+     * (e.g., different MTU), it will be updated. If the {@link RouteInfo} had an
+     * interface name set and that differs from the interface set for this
+     * {@code LinkProperties} an {@link IllegalArgumentException} will be thrown.
+     * The proper course is to add either un-named or properly named {@link RouteInfo}.
+     *
+     * @param route A {@link RouteInfo} to add to this object.
+     * @return {@code true} was added or updated, false otherwise.
+     */
+    public boolean addRoute(@NonNull RouteInfo route) {
+        String routeIface = route.getInterface();
+        if (routeIface != null && !routeIface.equals(mIfaceName)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "Route added with non-matching interface: " + routeIface
+                            + " vs. " + mIfaceName);
+        }
+        route = routeWithInterface(route);
+
+        int i = findRouteIndexByRouteKey(route);
+        if (i == -1) {
+            // Route was not present. Add it.
+            mRoutes.add(route);
+            return true;
+        } else if (mRoutes.get(i).equals(route)) {
+            // Route was present and has same properties. Do nothing.
+            return false;
+        } else {
+            // Route was present and has different properties. Update it.
+            mRoutes.set(i, route);
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes a {@link RouteInfo} from this {@code LinkProperties}, if present. The route must
+     * specify an interface and the interface must match the interface of this
+     * {@code LinkProperties}, or it will not be removed.
+     *
+     * @param route A {@link RouteInfo} specifying the route to remove.
+     * @return {@code true} if the route was removed, {@code false} if it was not present.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public boolean removeRoute(@NonNull RouteInfo route) {
+        return Objects.equals(mIfaceName, route.getInterface()) && mRoutes.remove(route);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns all the {@link RouteInfo} set on this link.
+     *
+     * @return An unmodifiable {@link List} of {@link RouteInfo} for this link.
+     */
+    public @NonNull List<RouteInfo> getRoutes() {
+        return Collections.unmodifiableList(mRoutes);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Make sure this LinkProperties instance contains routes that cover the local subnet
+     * of its link addresses. Add any route that is missing.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void ensureDirectlyConnectedRoutes() {
+        for (LinkAddress addr : mLinkAddresses) {
+            addRoute(new RouteInfo(addr, null, mIfaceName));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns all the routes on this link and all the links stacked above it.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public @NonNull List<RouteInfo> getAllRoutes() {
+        List<RouteInfo> routes = new ArrayList<>(mRoutes);
+        for (LinkProperties stacked: mStackedLinks.values()) {
+            routes.addAll(stacked.getAllRoutes());
+        }
+        return routes;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the recommended {@link ProxyInfo} to use on this link, or {@code null} for none.
+     * Note that Http Proxies are only a hint - the system recommends their use, but it does
+     * not enforce it and applications may ignore them.
+     *
+     * @param proxy A {@link ProxyInfo} defining the HTTP Proxy to use on this link.
+     */
+    public void setHttpProxy(@Nullable ProxyInfo proxy) {
+        mHttpProxy = proxy;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the recommended {@link ProxyInfo} (or {@code null}) set on this link.
+     *
+     * @return The {@link ProxyInfo} set on this link or {@code null}.
+     */
+    public @Nullable ProxyInfo getHttpProxy() {
+        return mHttpProxy;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the NAT64 prefix in use on this link, if any.
+     *
+     * @return the NAT64 prefix or {@code null}.
+     */
+    public @Nullable IpPrefix getNat64Prefix() {
+        return mNat64Prefix;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the NAT64 prefix in use on this link.
+     *
+     * Currently, only 96-bit prefixes (i.e., where the 32-bit IPv4 address is at the end of the
+     * 128-bit IPv6 address) are supported or {@code null} for no prefix.
+     *
+     * @param prefix the NAT64 prefix.
+     */
+    public void setNat64Prefix(@Nullable IpPrefix prefix) {
+        if (prefix != null && prefix.getPrefixLength() != 96) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Only 96-bit prefixes are supported: " + prefix);
+        }
+        mNat64Prefix = prefix;  // IpPrefix objects are immutable.
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a stacked link.
+     *
+     * If there is already a stacked link with the same interface name as link,
+     * that link is replaced with link. Otherwise, link is added to the list
+     * of stacked links.
+     *
+     * @param link The link to add.
+     * @return true if the link was stacked, false otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public boolean addStackedLink(@NonNull LinkProperties link) {
+        if (link.getInterfaceName() != null) {
+            mStackedLinks.put(link.getInterfaceName(), link);
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes a stacked link.
+     *
+     * If there is a stacked link with the given interface name, it is
+     * removed. Otherwise, nothing changes.
+     *
+     * @param iface The interface name of the link to remove.
+     * @return true if the link was removed, false otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean removeStackedLink(@NonNull String iface) {
+        LinkProperties removed = mStackedLinks.remove(iface);
+        return removed != null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns all the links stacked on top of this link.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    public @NonNull List<LinkProperties> getStackedLinks() {
+        if (mStackedLinks.isEmpty()) {
+            return Collections.emptyList();
+        }
+        final List<LinkProperties> stacked = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (LinkProperties link : mStackedLinks.values()) {
+            stacked.add(new LinkProperties(link));
+        }
+        return Collections.unmodifiableList(stacked);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clears this object to its initial state.
+     */
+    public void clear() {
+        if (mParcelSensitiveFields) {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+                    "Cannot clear LinkProperties when parcelSensitiveFields is set");
+        }
+
+        mIfaceName = null;
+        mLinkAddresses.clear();
+        mDnses.clear();
+        mUsePrivateDns = false;
+        mPrivateDnsServerName = null;
+        mPcscfs.clear();
+        mDomains = null;
+        mRoutes.clear();
+        mHttpProxy = null;
+        mStackedLinks.clear();
+        mMtu = 0;
+        mDhcpServerAddress = null;
+        mTcpBufferSizes = null;
+        mNat64Prefix = null;
+        mWakeOnLanSupported = false;
+        mCaptivePortalApiUrl = null;
+        mCaptivePortalData = null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Implement the Parcelable interface
+     */
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        // Space as a separator, so no need for spaces at start/end of the individual fragments.
+        final StringJoiner resultJoiner = new StringJoiner(" ", "{", "}");
+
+        if (mIfaceName != null) {
+            resultJoiner.add("InterfaceName:");
+            resultJoiner.add(mIfaceName);
+        }
+
+        resultJoiner.add("LinkAddresses: [");
+        if (!mLinkAddresses.isEmpty()) {
+            resultJoiner.add(TextUtils.join(",", mLinkAddresses));
+        }
+        resultJoiner.add("]");
+
+        resultJoiner.add("DnsAddresses: [");
+        if (!mDnses.isEmpty()) {
+            resultJoiner.add(TextUtils.join(",", mDnses));
+        }
+        resultJoiner.add("]");
+
+        if (mUsePrivateDns) {
+            resultJoiner.add("UsePrivateDns: true");
+        }
+
+        if (mPrivateDnsServerName != null) {
+            resultJoiner.add("PrivateDnsServerName:");
+            resultJoiner.add(mPrivateDnsServerName);
+        }
+
+        if (!mPcscfs.isEmpty()) {
+            resultJoiner.add("PcscfAddresses: [");
+            resultJoiner.add(TextUtils.join(",", mPcscfs));
+            resultJoiner.add("]");
+        }
+
+        if (!mValidatedPrivateDnses.isEmpty()) {
+            final StringJoiner validatedPrivateDnsesJoiner =
+                    new StringJoiner(",", "ValidatedPrivateDnsAddresses: [", "]");
+            for (final InetAddress addr : mValidatedPrivateDnses) {
+                validatedPrivateDnsesJoiner.add(addr.getHostAddress());
+            }
+            resultJoiner.add(validatedPrivateDnsesJoiner.toString());
+        }
+
+        resultJoiner.add("Domains:");
+        resultJoiner.add(mDomains);
+
+        resultJoiner.add("MTU:");
+        resultJoiner.add(Integer.toString(mMtu));
+
+        if (mWakeOnLanSupported) {
+            resultJoiner.add("WakeOnLanSupported: true");
+        }
+
+        if (mDhcpServerAddress != null) {
+            resultJoiner.add("ServerAddress:");
+            resultJoiner.add(mDhcpServerAddress.toString());
+        }
+
+        if (mCaptivePortalApiUrl != null) {
+            resultJoiner.add("CaptivePortalApiUrl: " + mCaptivePortalApiUrl);
+        }
+
+        if (mCaptivePortalData != null) {
+            resultJoiner.add("CaptivePortalData: " + mCaptivePortalData);
+        }
+
+        if (mTcpBufferSizes != null) {
+            resultJoiner.add("TcpBufferSizes:");
+            resultJoiner.add(mTcpBufferSizes);
+        }
+
+        resultJoiner.add("Routes: [");
+        if (!mRoutes.isEmpty()) {
+            resultJoiner.add(TextUtils.join(",", mRoutes));
+        }
+        resultJoiner.add("]");
+
+        if (mHttpProxy != null) {
+            resultJoiner.add("HttpProxy:");
+            resultJoiner.add(mHttpProxy.toString());
+        }
+
+        if (mNat64Prefix != null) {
+            resultJoiner.add("Nat64Prefix:");
+            resultJoiner.add(mNat64Prefix.toString());
+        }
+
+        final Collection<LinkProperties> stackedLinksValues = mStackedLinks.values();
+        if (!stackedLinksValues.isEmpty()) {
+            final StringJoiner stackedLinksJoiner = new StringJoiner(",", "Stacked: [", "]");
+            for (final LinkProperties lp : stackedLinksValues) {
+                stackedLinksJoiner.add("[ " + lp + " ]");
+            }
+            resultJoiner.add(stackedLinksJoiner.toString());
+        }
+
+        return resultJoiner.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if this link has an IPv4 address.
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} if there is an IPv4 address, {@code false} otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public boolean hasIpv4Address() {
+        for (LinkAddress address : mLinkAddresses) {
+            if (address.getAddress() instanceof Inet4Address) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * For backward compatibility.
+     * This was annotated with @UnsupportedAppUsage in P, so we can't remove the method completely
+     * just yet.
+     * @return {@code true} if there is an IPv4 address, {@code false} otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.P)
+    public boolean hasIPv4Address() {
+        return hasIpv4Address();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if this link or any of its stacked interfaces has an IPv4 address.
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} if there is an IPv4 address, {@code false} otherwise.
+     */
+    private boolean hasIpv4AddressOnInterface(String iface) {
+        // mIfaceName can be null.
+        return (Objects.equals(iface, mIfaceName) && hasIpv4Address())
+                || (iface != null && mStackedLinks.containsKey(iface)
+                        && mStackedLinks.get(iface).hasIpv4Address());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if this link has a global preferred IPv6 address.
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} if there is a global preferred IPv6 address, {@code false} otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public boolean hasGlobalIpv6Address() {
+        for (LinkAddress address : mLinkAddresses) {
+          if (address.getAddress() instanceof Inet6Address && address.isGlobalPreferred()) {
+            return true;
+          }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if this link has an IPv4 unreachable default route.
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} if there is an IPv4 unreachable default route, {@code false} otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean hasIpv4UnreachableDefaultRoute() {
+        for (RouteInfo r : mRoutes) {
+            if (r.isIPv4UnreachableDefault()) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * For backward compatibility.
+     * This was annotated with @UnsupportedAppUsage in P, so we can't remove the method completely
+     * just yet.
+     * @return {@code true} if there is a global preferred IPv6 address, {@code false} otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.P)
+    public boolean hasGlobalIPv6Address() {
+        return hasGlobalIpv6Address();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if this link has an IPv4 default route.
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} if there is an IPv4 default route, {@code false} otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public boolean hasIpv4DefaultRoute() {
+        for (RouteInfo r : mRoutes) {
+            if (r.isIPv4Default()) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if this link has an IPv6 unreachable default route.
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} if there is an IPv6 unreachable default route, {@code false} otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean hasIpv6UnreachableDefaultRoute() {
+        for (RouteInfo r : mRoutes) {
+            if (r.isIPv6UnreachableDefault()) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * For backward compatibility.
+     * This was annotated with @UnsupportedAppUsage in P, so we can't remove the method completely
+     * just yet.
+     * @return {@code true} if there is an IPv4 default route, {@code false} otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.P)
+    public boolean hasIPv4DefaultRoute() {
+        return hasIpv4DefaultRoute();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if this link has an IPv6 default route.
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} if there is an IPv6 default route, {@code false} otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public boolean hasIpv6DefaultRoute() {
+        for (RouteInfo r : mRoutes) {
+            if (r.isIPv6Default()) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * For backward compatibility.
+     * This was annotated with @UnsupportedAppUsage in P, so we can't remove the method completely
+     * just yet.
+     * @return {@code true} if there is an IPv6 default route, {@code false} otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.P)
+    public boolean hasIPv6DefaultRoute() {
+        return hasIpv6DefaultRoute();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if this link has an IPv4 DNS server.
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} if there is an IPv4 DNS server, {@code false} otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public boolean hasIpv4DnsServer() {
+        for (InetAddress ia : mDnses) {
+            if (ia instanceof Inet4Address) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * For backward compatibility.
+     * This was annotated with @UnsupportedAppUsage in P, so we can't remove the method completely
+     * just yet.
+     * @return {@code true} if there is an IPv4 DNS server, {@code false} otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.P)
+    public boolean hasIPv4DnsServer() {
+        return hasIpv4DnsServer();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if this link has an IPv6 DNS server.
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} if there is an IPv6 DNS server, {@code false} otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public boolean hasIpv6DnsServer() {
+        for (InetAddress ia : mDnses) {
+            if (ia instanceof Inet6Address) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * For backward compatibility.
+     * This was annotated with @UnsupportedAppUsage in P, so we can't remove the method completely
+     * just yet.
+     * @return {@code true} if there is an IPv6 DNS server, {@code false} otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.P)
+    public boolean hasIPv6DnsServer() {
+        return hasIpv6DnsServer();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if this link has an IPv4 PCSCF server.
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} if there is an IPv4 PCSCF server, {@code false} otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean hasIpv4PcscfServer() {
+        for (InetAddress ia : mPcscfs) {
+          if (ia instanceof Inet4Address) {
+            return true;
+          }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if this link has an IPv6 PCSCF server.
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} if there is an IPv6 PCSCF server, {@code false} otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean hasIpv6PcscfServer() {
+        for (InetAddress ia : mPcscfs) {
+          if (ia instanceof Inet6Address) {
+            return true;
+          }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if this link is provisioned for global IPv4 connectivity.
+     * This requires an IP address, default route, and DNS server.
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} if the link is provisioned, {@code false} otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public boolean isIpv4Provisioned() {
+        return (hasIpv4Address()
+                && hasIpv4DefaultRoute()
+                && hasIpv4DnsServer());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if this link is provisioned for global IPv6 connectivity.
+     * This requires an IP address, default route, and DNS server.
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} if the link is provisioned, {@code false} otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public boolean isIpv6Provisioned() {
+        return (hasGlobalIpv6Address()
+                && hasIpv6DefaultRoute()
+                && hasIpv6DnsServer());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * For backward compatibility.
+     * This was annotated with @UnsupportedAppUsage in P, so we can't remove the method completely
+     * just yet.
+     * @return {@code true} if the link is provisioned, {@code false} otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.P)
+    public boolean isIPv6Provisioned() {
+        return isIpv6Provisioned();
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if this link is provisioned for global connectivity,
+     * for at least one Internet Protocol family.
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} if the link is provisioned, {@code false} otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public boolean isProvisioned() {
+        return (isIpv4Provisioned() || isIpv6Provisioned());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Evaluate whether the {@link InetAddress} is considered reachable.
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} if the given {@link InetAddress} is considered reachable,
+     *         {@code false} otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public boolean isReachable(@NonNull InetAddress ip) {
+        final List<RouteInfo> allRoutes = getAllRoutes();
+        // If we don't have a route to this IP address, it's not reachable.
+        final RouteInfo bestRoute = RouteInfo.selectBestRoute(allRoutes, ip);
+        if (bestRoute == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // TODO: better source address evaluation for destination addresses.
+
+        if (ip instanceof Inet4Address) {
+            // For IPv4, it suffices for now to simply have any address.
+            return hasIpv4AddressOnInterface(bestRoute.getInterface());
+        } else if (ip instanceof Inet6Address) {
+            if (ip.isLinkLocalAddress()) {
+                // For now, just make sure link-local destinations have
+                // scopedIds set, since transmits will generally fail otherwise.
+                // TODO: verify it matches the ifindex of one of the interfaces.
+                return (((Inet6Address)ip).getScopeId() != 0);
+            }  else {
+                // For non-link-local destinations check that either the best route
+                // is directly connected or that some global preferred address exists.
+                // TODO: reconsider all cases (disconnected ULA networks, ...).
+                return (!bestRoute.hasGateway() || hasGlobalIpv6Address());
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compares this {@code LinkProperties} interface name against the target
+     *
+     * @param target LinkProperties to compare.
+     * @return {@code true} if both are identical, {@code false} otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public boolean isIdenticalInterfaceName(@NonNull LinkProperties target) {
+        return LinkPropertiesUtils.isIdenticalInterfaceName(target, this);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compares this {@code LinkProperties} DHCP server address against the target
+     *
+     * @param target LinkProperties to compare.
+     * @return {@code true} if both are identical, {@code false} otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean isIdenticalDhcpServerAddress(@NonNull LinkProperties target) {
+        return Objects.equals(mDhcpServerAddress, target.mDhcpServerAddress);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compares this {@code LinkProperties} interface addresses against the target
+     *
+     * @param target LinkProperties to compare.
+     * @return {@code true} if both are identical, {@code false} otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public boolean isIdenticalAddresses(@NonNull LinkProperties target) {
+        return LinkPropertiesUtils.isIdenticalAddresses(target, this);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compares this {@code LinkProperties} DNS addresses against the target
+     *
+     * @param target LinkProperties to compare.
+     * @return {@code true} if both are identical, {@code false} otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public boolean isIdenticalDnses(@NonNull LinkProperties target) {
+        return LinkPropertiesUtils.isIdenticalDnses(target, this);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compares this {@code LinkProperties} private DNS settings against the
+     * target.
+     *
+     * @param target LinkProperties to compare.
+     * @return {@code true} if both are identical, {@code false} otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean isIdenticalPrivateDns(@NonNull LinkProperties target) {
+        return (isPrivateDnsActive() == target.isPrivateDnsActive()
+                && TextUtils.equals(getPrivateDnsServerName(),
+                target.getPrivateDnsServerName()));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compares this {@code LinkProperties} validated private DNS addresses against
+     * the target
+     *
+     * @param target LinkProperties to compare.
+     * @return {@code true} if both are identical, {@code false} otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean isIdenticalValidatedPrivateDnses(@NonNull LinkProperties target) {
+        Collection<InetAddress> targetDnses = target.getValidatedPrivateDnsServers();
+        return (mValidatedPrivateDnses.size() == targetDnses.size())
+                ? mValidatedPrivateDnses.containsAll(targetDnses) : false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compares this {@code LinkProperties} PCSCF addresses against the target
+     *
+     * @param target LinkProperties to compare.
+     * @return {@code true} if both are identical, {@code false} otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean isIdenticalPcscfs(@NonNull LinkProperties target) {
+        Collection<InetAddress> targetPcscfs = target.getPcscfServers();
+        return (mPcscfs.size() == targetPcscfs.size()) ?
+                    mPcscfs.containsAll(targetPcscfs) : false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compares this {@code LinkProperties} Routes against the target
+     *
+     * @param target LinkProperties to compare.
+     * @return {@code true} if both are identical, {@code false} otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public boolean isIdenticalRoutes(@NonNull LinkProperties target) {
+        return LinkPropertiesUtils.isIdenticalRoutes(target, this);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compares this {@code LinkProperties} HttpProxy against the target
+     *
+     * @param target LinkProperties to compare.
+     * @return {@code true} if both are identical, {@code false} otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.P, trackingBug = 115609023)
+    public boolean isIdenticalHttpProxy(@NonNull LinkProperties target) {
+        return LinkPropertiesUtils.isIdenticalHttpProxy(target, this);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compares this {@code LinkProperties} stacked links against the target
+     *
+     * @param target LinkProperties to compare.
+     * @return {@code true} if both are identical, {@code false} otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    public boolean isIdenticalStackedLinks(@NonNull LinkProperties target) {
+        if (!mStackedLinks.keySet().equals(target.mStackedLinks.keySet())) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        for (LinkProperties stacked : mStackedLinks.values()) {
+            // Hashtable values can never be null.
+            String iface = stacked.getInterfaceName();
+            if (!stacked.equals(target.mStackedLinks.get(iface))) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compares this {@code LinkProperties} MTU against the target
+     *
+     * @param target LinkProperties to compare.
+     * @return {@code true} if both are identical, {@code false} otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean isIdenticalMtu(@NonNull LinkProperties target) {
+        return getMtu() == target.getMtu();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compares this {@code LinkProperties} Tcp buffer sizes against the target.
+     *
+     * @param target LinkProperties to compare.
+     * @return {@code true} if both are identical, {@code false} otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean isIdenticalTcpBufferSizes(@NonNull LinkProperties target) {
+        return Objects.equals(mTcpBufferSizes, target.mTcpBufferSizes);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compares this {@code LinkProperties} NAT64 prefix against the target.
+     *
+     * @param target LinkProperties to compare.
+     * @return {@code true} if both are identical, {@code false} otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean isIdenticalNat64Prefix(@NonNull LinkProperties target) {
+        return Objects.equals(mNat64Prefix, target.mNat64Prefix);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compares this {@code LinkProperties} WakeOnLan supported against the target.
+     *
+     * @param target LinkProperties to compare.
+     * @return {@code true} if both are identical, {@code false} otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean isIdenticalWakeOnLan(LinkProperties target) {
+        return isWakeOnLanSupported() == target.isWakeOnLanSupported();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compares this {@code LinkProperties}'s CaptivePortalApiUrl against the target.
+     *
+     * @param target LinkProperties to compare.
+     * @return {@code true} if both are identical, {@code false} otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean isIdenticalCaptivePortalApiUrl(LinkProperties target) {
+        return Objects.equals(mCaptivePortalApiUrl, target.mCaptivePortalApiUrl);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compares this {@code LinkProperties}'s CaptivePortalData against the target.
+     *
+     * @param target LinkProperties to compare.
+     * @return {@code true} if both are identical, {@code false} otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean isIdenticalCaptivePortalData(LinkProperties target) {
+        return Objects.equals(mCaptivePortalData, target.mCaptivePortalData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set whether the network interface supports WakeOnLAN
+     *
+     * @param supported WakeOnLAN supported value
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void setWakeOnLanSupported(boolean supported) {
+        mWakeOnLanSupported = supported;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether the network interface supports WakeOnLAN
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} if interface supports WakeOnLAN, {@code false} otherwise.
+     */
+    public boolean isWakeOnLanSupported() {
+        return mWakeOnLanSupported;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the URL of the captive portal API endpoint to get more information about the network.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public void setCaptivePortalApiUrl(@Nullable Uri url) {
+        mCaptivePortalApiUrl = url;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the URL of the captive portal API endpoint to get more information about the network.
+     *
+     * <p>This is null unless the application has
+     * {@link android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS} or
+     * {@link NetworkStack#PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK} permissions, and the network provided
+     * the URL.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    @Nullable
+    public Uri getCaptivePortalApiUrl() {
+        return mCaptivePortalApiUrl;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the CaptivePortalData obtained from the captive portal API (RFC7710bis).
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public void setCaptivePortalData(@Nullable CaptivePortalData data) {
+        mCaptivePortalData = data;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the CaptivePortalData obtained from the captive portal API (RFC7710bis).
+     *
+     * <p>This is null unless the application has
+     * {@link android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS} or
+     * {@link NetworkStack#PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK} permissions.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    @Nullable
+    public CaptivePortalData getCaptivePortalData() {
+        return mCaptivePortalData;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compares this {@code LinkProperties} instance against the target
+     * LinkProperties in {@code obj}. Two LinkPropertieses are equal if
+     * all their fields are equal in values.
+     *
+     * For collection fields, such as mDnses, containsAll() is used to check
+     * if two collections contains the same elements, independent of order.
+     * There are two thoughts regarding containsAll()
+     * 1. Duplicated elements. eg, (A, B, B) and (A, A, B) are equal.
+     * 2. Worst case performance is O(n^2).
+     *
+     * @param obj the object to be tested for equality.
+     * @return {@code true} if both objects are equal, {@code false} otherwise.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
+        if (this == obj) return true;
+
+        if (!(obj instanceof LinkProperties)) return false;
+
+        LinkProperties target = (LinkProperties) obj;
+        /*
+         * This method does not check that stacked interfaces are equal, because
+         * stacked interfaces are not so much a property of the link as a
+         * description of connections between links.
+         */
+        return isIdenticalInterfaceName(target)
+                && isIdenticalAddresses(target)
+                && isIdenticalDhcpServerAddress(target)
+                && isIdenticalDnses(target)
+                && isIdenticalPrivateDns(target)
+                && isIdenticalValidatedPrivateDnses(target)
+                && isIdenticalPcscfs(target)
+                && isIdenticalRoutes(target)
+                && isIdenticalHttpProxy(target)
+                && isIdenticalStackedLinks(target)
+                && isIdenticalMtu(target)
+                && isIdenticalTcpBufferSizes(target)
+                && isIdenticalNat64Prefix(target)
+                && isIdenticalWakeOnLan(target)
+                && isIdenticalCaptivePortalApiUrl(target)
+                && isIdenticalCaptivePortalData(target);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generate hashcode based on significant fields
+     *
+     * Equal objects must produce the same hash code, while unequal objects
+     * may have the same hash codes.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return ((null == mIfaceName) ? 0 : mIfaceName.hashCode()
+                + mLinkAddresses.size() * 31
+                + mDnses.size() * 37
+                + mValidatedPrivateDnses.size() * 61
+                + ((null == mDomains) ? 0 : mDomains.hashCode())
+                + mRoutes.size() * 41
+                + ((null == mHttpProxy) ? 0 : mHttpProxy.hashCode())
+                + mStackedLinks.hashCode() * 47)
+                + mMtu * 51
+                + ((null == mTcpBufferSizes) ? 0 : mTcpBufferSizes.hashCode())
+                + (mUsePrivateDns ? 57 : 0)
+                + ((null == mDhcpServerAddress) ? 0 : mDhcpServerAddress.hashCode())
+                + mPcscfs.size() * 67
+                + ((null == mPrivateDnsServerName) ? 0 : mPrivateDnsServerName.hashCode())
+                + Objects.hash(mNat64Prefix)
+                + (mWakeOnLanSupported ? 71 : 0)
+                + Objects.hash(mCaptivePortalApiUrl, mCaptivePortalData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Implement the Parcelable interface.
+     */
+    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
+        dest.writeString(getInterfaceName());
+        dest.writeInt(mLinkAddresses.size());
+        for (LinkAddress linkAddress : mLinkAddresses) {
+            dest.writeParcelable(linkAddress, flags);
+        }
+
+        writeAddresses(dest, mDnses);
+        writeAddresses(dest, mValidatedPrivateDnses);
+        dest.writeBoolean(mUsePrivateDns);
+        dest.writeString(mPrivateDnsServerName);
+        writeAddresses(dest, mPcscfs);
+        dest.writeString(mDomains);
+        writeAddress(dest, mDhcpServerAddress);
+        dest.writeInt(mMtu);
+        dest.writeString(mTcpBufferSizes);
+        dest.writeInt(mRoutes.size());
+        for (RouteInfo route : mRoutes) {
+            dest.writeParcelable(route, flags);
+        }
+
+        if (mHttpProxy != null) {
+            dest.writeByte((byte)1);
+            dest.writeParcelable(mHttpProxy, flags);
+        } else {
+            dest.writeByte((byte)0);
+        }
+        dest.writeParcelable(mNat64Prefix, 0);
+
+        ArrayList<LinkProperties> stackedLinks = new ArrayList<>(mStackedLinks.values());
+        dest.writeList(stackedLinks);
+
+        dest.writeBoolean(mWakeOnLanSupported);
+        dest.writeParcelable(mParcelSensitiveFields ? mCaptivePortalApiUrl : null, 0);
+        dest.writeParcelable(mParcelSensitiveFields ? mCaptivePortalData : null, 0);
+    }
+
+    private static void writeAddresses(@NonNull Parcel dest, @NonNull List<InetAddress> list) {
+        dest.writeInt(list.size());
+        for (InetAddress d : list) {
+            writeAddress(dest, d);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void writeAddress(@NonNull Parcel dest, @Nullable InetAddress addr) {
+        byte[] addressBytes = (addr == null ? null : addr.getAddress());
+        dest.writeByteArray(addressBytes);
+        if (addr instanceof Inet6Address) {
+            final Inet6Address v6Addr = (Inet6Address) addr;
+            final boolean hasScopeId = v6Addr.getScopeId() != 0;
+            dest.writeBoolean(hasScopeId);
+            if (hasScopeId) dest.writeInt(v6Addr.getScopeId());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    private static InetAddress readAddress(@NonNull Parcel p) throws UnknownHostException {
+        final byte[] addr = p.createByteArray();
+        if (addr == null) return null;
+
+        if (addr.length == INET6_ADDR_LENGTH) {
+            final boolean hasScopeId = p.readBoolean();
+            final int scopeId = hasScopeId ? p.readInt() : 0;
+            return Inet6Address.getByAddress(null /* host */, addr, scopeId);
+        }
+
+        return InetAddress.getByAddress(addr);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Implement the Parcelable interface.
+     */
+    public static final @android.annotation.NonNull Creator<LinkProperties> CREATOR =
+        new Creator<LinkProperties>() {
+            public LinkProperties createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+                LinkProperties netProp = new LinkProperties();
+
+                String iface = in.readString();
+                if (iface != null) {
+                    netProp.setInterfaceName(iface);
+                }
+                int addressCount = in.readInt();
+                for (int i = 0; i < addressCount; i++) {
+                    netProp.addLinkAddress(in.readParcelable(null));
+                }
+                addressCount = in.readInt();
+                for (int i = 0; i < addressCount; i++) {
+                    try {
+                        netProp.addDnsServer(readAddress(in));
+                    } catch (UnknownHostException e) { }
+                }
+                addressCount = in.readInt();
+                for (int i = 0; i < addressCount; i++) {
+                    try {
+                        netProp.addValidatedPrivateDnsServer(readAddress(in));
+                    } catch (UnknownHostException e) { }
+                }
+                netProp.setUsePrivateDns(in.readBoolean());
+                netProp.setPrivateDnsServerName(in.readString());
+                addressCount = in.readInt();
+                for (int i = 0; i < addressCount; i++) {
+                    try {
+                        netProp.addPcscfServer(readAddress(in));
+                    } catch (UnknownHostException e) { }
+                }
+                netProp.setDomains(in.readString());
+                try {
+                    netProp.setDhcpServerAddress((Inet4Address) InetAddress
+                            .getByAddress(in.createByteArray()));
+                } catch (UnknownHostException e) { }
+                netProp.setMtu(in.readInt());
+                netProp.setTcpBufferSizes(in.readString());
+                addressCount = in.readInt();
+                for (int i = 0; i < addressCount; i++) {
+                    netProp.addRoute(in.readParcelable(null));
+                }
+                if (in.readByte() == 1) {
+                    netProp.setHttpProxy(in.readParcelable(null));
+                }
+                netProp.setNat64Prefix(in.readParcelable(null));
+                ArrayList<LinkProperties> stackedLinks = new ArrayList<LinkProperties>();
+                in.readList(stackedLinks, LinkProperties.class.getClassLoader());
+                for (LinkProperties stackedLink: stackedLinks) {
+                    netProp.addStackedLink(stackedLink);
+                }
+                netProp.setWakeOnLanSupported(in.readBoolean());
+
+                netProp.setCaptivePortalApiUrl(in.readParcelable(null));
+                netProp.setCaptivePortalData(in.readParcelable(null));
+                return netProp;
+            }
+
+            public LinkProperties[] newArray(int size) {
+                return new LinkProperties[size];
+            }
+        };
+
+    /**
+     * Check the valid MTU range based on IPv4 or IPv6.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static boolean isValidMtu(int mtu, boolean ipv6) {
+        if (ipv6) {
+            return mtu >= MIN_MTU_V6 && mtu <= MAX_MTU;
+        } else {
+            return mtu >= MIN_MTU && mtu <= MAX_MTU;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/MacAddress.java b/framework/src/android/net/MacAddress.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26a504a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/MacAddress.java
@@ -0,0 +1,400 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.IntDef;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
+import android.net.wifi.WifiInfo;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.MacAddressUtils;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.security.SecureRandom;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Representation of a MAC address.
+ *
+ * This class only supports 48 bits long addresses and does not support 64 bits long addresses.
+ * Instances of this class are immutable. This class provides implementations of hashCode()
+ * and equals() that make it suitable for use as keys in standard implementations of
+ * {@link java.util.Map}.
+ */
+public final class MacAddress implements Parcelable {
+
+    private static final int ETHER_ADDR_LEN = 6;
+    private static final byte[] ETHER_ADDR_BROADCAST = addr(0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff);
+
+    /**
+     * The MacAddress representing the unique broadcast MAC address.
+     */
+    public static final MacAddress BROADCAST_ADDRESS = MacAddress.fromBytes(ETHER_ADDR_BROADCAST);
+
+    /**
+     * The MacAddress zero MAC address.
+     *
+     * <p>Not publicly exposed or treated specially since the OUI 00:00:00 is registered.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    public static final MacAddress ALL_ZEROS_ADDRESS = new MacAddress(0);
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(prefix = { "TYPE_" }, value = {
+            TYPE_UNKNOWN,
+            TYPE_UNICAST,
+            TYPE_MULTICAST,
+            TYPE_BROADCAST,
+    })
+    public @interface MacAddressType { }
+
+    /** @hide Indicates a MAC address of unknown type. */
+    public static final int TYPE_UNKNOWN = 0;
+    /** Indicates a MAC address is a unicast address. */
+    public static final int TYPE_UNICAST = 1;
+    /** Indicates a MAC address is a multicast address. */
+    public static final int TYPE_MULTICAST = 2;
+    /** Indicates a MAC address is the broadcast address. */
+    public static final int TYPE_BROADCAST = 3;
+
+    private static final long VALID_LONG_MASK = (1L << 48) - 1;
+    private static final long LOCALLY_ASSIGNED_MASK = MacAddress.fromString("2:0:0:0:0:0").mAddr;
+    private static final long MULTICAST_MASK = MacAddress.fromString("1:0:0:0:0:0").mAddr;
+    private static final long OUI_MASK = MacAddress.fromString("ff:ff:ff:0:0:0").mAddr;
+    private static final long NIC_MASK = MacAddress.fromString("0:0:0:ff:ff:ff").mAddr;
+    private static final MacAddress BASE_GOOGLE_MAC = MacAddress.fromString("da:a1:19:0:0:0");
+    /** Default wifi MAC address used for a special purpose **/
+    private static final MacAddress DEFAULT_MAC_ADDRESS =
+            MacAddress.fromString(WifiInfo.DEFAULT_MAC_ADDRESS);
+
+    // Internal representation of the MAC address as a single 8 byte long.
+    // The encoding scheme sets the two most significant bytes to 0. The 6 bytes of the
+    // MAC address are encoded in the 6 least significant bytes of the long, where the first
+    // byte of the array is mapped to the 3rd highest logical byte of the long, the second
+    // byte of the array is mapped to the 4th highest logical byte of the long, and so on.
+    private final long mAddr;
+
+    private MacAddress(long addr) {
+        mAddr = (VALID_LONG_MASK & addr);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the type of this address.
+     *
+     * @return the int constant representing the MAC address type of this MacAddress.
+     */
+    public @MacAddressType int getAddressType() {
+        if (equals(BROADCAST_ADDRESS)) {
+            return TYPE_BROADCAST;
+        }
+        if ((mAddr & MULTICAST_MASK) != 0) {
+            return TYPE_MULTICAST;
+        }
+        return TYPE_UNICAST;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return true if this MacAddress is a locally assigned address.
+     */
+    public boolean isLocallyAssigned() {
+        return (mAddr & LOCALLY_ASSIGNED_MASK) != 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convert this MacAddress to a byte array.
+     *
+     * The returned array is in network order. For example, if this MacAddress is 1:2:3:4:5:6,
+     * the returned array is [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6].
+     *
+     * @return a byte array representation of this MacAddress.
+     */
+    public @NonNull byte[] toByteArray() {
+        return byteAddrFromLongAddr(mAddr);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a human-readable representation of this MacAddress.
+     * The exact format is implementation-dependent and should not be assumed to have any
+     * particular format.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public @NonNull String toString() {
+        return stringAddrFromLongAddr(mAddr);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return a String representation of the OUI part of this MacAddress made of 3 hexadecimal
+     * numbers in [0,ff] joined by ':' characters.
+     */
+    public @NonNull String toOuiString() {
+        return String.format(
+                "%02x:%02x:%02x", (mAddr >> 40) & 0xff, (mAddr >> 32) & 0xff, (mAddr >> 24) & 0xff);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return (int) ((mAddr >> 32) ^ mAddr);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object o) {
+        return (o instanceof MacAddress) && ((MacAddress) o).mAddr == mAddr;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(Parcel out, int flags) {
+        out.writeLong(mAddr);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    public static final @android.annotation.NonNull Parcelable.Creator<MacAddress> CREATOR =
+            new Parcelable.Creator<MacAddress>() {
+                public MacAddress createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+                    return new MacAddress(in.readLong());
+                }
+
+                public MacAddress[] newArray(int size) {
+                    return new MacAddress[size];
+                }
+            };
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if the given byte array is an valid MAC address.
+     * A valid byte array representation for a MacAddress is a non-null array of length 6.
+     *
+     * @param addr a byte array.
+     * @return true if the given byte array is not null and has the length of a MAC address.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static boolean isMacAddress(byte[] addr) {
+        return MacAddressUtils.isMacAddress(addr);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the MAC address type of the MAC address represented by the given byte array,
+     * or null if the given byte array does not represent a MAC address.
+     * A valid byte array representation for a MacAddress is a non-null array of length 6.
+     *
+     * @param addr a byte array representing a MAC address.
+     * @return the int constant representing the MAC address type of the MAC address represented
+     * by the given byte array, or type UNKNOWN if the byte array is not a valid MAC address.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static int macAddressType(byte[] addr) {
+        if (!isMacAddress(addr)) {
+            return TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+        }
+        return MacAddress.fromBytes(addr).getAddressType();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts a String representation of a MAC address to a byte array representation.
+     * A valid String representation for a MacAddress is a series of 6 values in the
+     * range [0,ff] printed in hexadecimal and joined by ':' characters.
+     *
+     * @param addr a String representation of a MAC address.
+     * @return the byte representation of the MAC address.
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given String is not a valid representation.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static @NonNull byte[] byteAddrFromStringAddr(String addr) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(addr);
+        String[] parts = addr.split(":");
+        if (parts.length != ETHER_ADDR_LEN) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(addr + " was not a valid MAC address");
+        }
+        byte[] bytes = new byte[ETHER_ADDR_LEN];
+        for (int i = 0; i < ETHER_ADDR_LEN; i++) {
+            int x = Integer.valueOf(parts[i], 16);
+            if (x < 0 || 0xff < x) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(addr + "was not a valid MAC address");
+            }
+            bytes[i] = (byte) x;
+        }
+        return bytes;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts a byte array representation of a MAC address to a String representation made
+     * of 6 hexadecimal numbers in [0,ff] joined by ':' characters.
+     * A valid byte array representation for a MacAddress is a non-null array of length 6.
+     *
+     * @param addr a byte array representation of a MAC address.
+     * @return the String representation of the MAC address.
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given byte array is not a valid representation.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static @NonNull String stringAddrFromByteAddr(byte[] addr) {
+        if (!isMacAddress(addr)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return String.format("%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x",
+                addr[0], addr[1], addr[2], addr[3], addr[4], addr[5]);
+    }
+
+    private static byte[] byteAddrFromLongAddr(long addr) {
+        return MacAddressUtils.byteAddrFromLongAddr(addr);
+    }
+
+    private static long longAddrFromByteAddr(byte[] addr) {
+        return MacAddressUtils.longAddrFromByteAddr(addr);
+    }
+
+    // Internal conversion function equivalent to longAddrFromByteAddr(byteAddrFromStringAddr(addr))
+    // that avoids the allocation of an intermediary byte[].
+    private static long longAddrFromStringAddr(String addr) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(addr);
+        String[] parts = addr.split(":");
+        if (parts.length != ETHER_ADDR_LEN) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(addr + " was not a valid MAC address");
+        }
+        long longAddr = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) {
+            int x = Integer.valueOf(parts[i], 16);
+            if (x < 0 || 0xff < x) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(addr + "was not a valid MAC address");
+            }
+            longAddr = x + (longAddr << 8);
+        }
+        return longAddr;
+    }
+
+    // Internal conversion function equivalent to stringAddrFromByteAddr(byteAddrFromLongAddr(addr))
+    // that avoids the allocation of an intermediary byte[].
+    private static @NonNull String stringAddrFromLongAddr(long addr) {
+        return String.format("%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x",
+                (addr >> 40) & 0xff,
+                (addr >> 32) & 0xff,
+                (addr >> 24) & 0xff,
+                (addr >> 16) & 0xff,
+                (addr >> 8) & 0xff,
+                addr & 0xff);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a MacAddress from the given String representation. A valid String representation
+     * for a MacAddress is a series of 6 values in the range [0,ff] printed in hexadecimal
+     * and joined by ':' characters.
+     *
+     * @param addr a String representation of a MAC address.
+     * @return the MacAddress corresponding to the given String representation.
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given String is not a valid representation.
+     */
+    public static @NonNull MacAddress fromString(@NonNull String addr) {
+        return new MacAddress(longAddrFromStringAddr(addr));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a MacAddress from the given byte array representation.
+     * A valid byte array representation for a MacAddress is a non-null array of length 6.
+     *
+     * @param addr a byte array representation of a MAC address.
+     * @return the MacAddress corresponding to the given byte array representation.
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given byte array is not a valid representation.
+     */
+    public static @NonNull MacAddress fromBytes(@NonNull byte[] addr) {
+        return new MacAddress(longAddrFromByteAddr(addr));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a generated MAC address whose 24 least significant bits constituting the
+     * NIC part of the address are randomly selected and has Google OUI base.
+     *
+     * The locally assigned bit is always set to 1. The multicast bit is always set to 0.
+     *
+     * @return a random locally assigned, unicast MacAddress with Google OUI.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static @NonNull MacAddress createRandomUnicastAddressWithGoogleBase() {
+        return MacAddressUtils.createRandomUnicastAddress(BASE_GOOGLE_MAC, new SecureRandom());
+    }
+
+    // Convenience function for working around the lack of byte literals.
+    private static byte[] addr(int... in) {
+        if (in.length != ETHER_ADDR_LEN) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(Arrays.toString(in)
+                    + " was not an array with length equal to " + ETHER_ADDR_LEN);
+        }
+        byte[] out = new byte[ETHER_ADDR_LEN];
+        for (int i = 0; i < ETHER_ADDR_LEN; i++) {
+            out[i] = (byte) in[i];
+        }
+        return out;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if this MAC Address matches the provided range.
+     *
+     * @param baseAddress MacAddress representing the base address to compare with.
+     * @param mask MacAddress representing the mask to use during comparison.
+     * @return true if this MAC Address matches the given range.
+     *
+     */
+    public boolean matches(@NonNull MacAddress baseAddress, @NonNull MacAddress mask) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(baseAddress);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(mask);
+        return (mAddr & mask.mAddr) == (baseAddress.mAddr & mask.mAddr);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a link-local Inet6Address from the MAC address. The EUI-48 MAC address is converted
+     * to an EUI-64 MAC address per RFC 4291. The resulting EUI-64 is used to construct a link-local
+     * IPv6 address per RFC 4862.
+     *
+     * @return A link-local Inet6Address constructed from the MAC address.
+     */
+    public @Nullable Inet6Address getLinkLocalIpv6FromEui48Mac() {
+        byte[] macEui48Bytes = toByteArray();
+        byte[] addr = new byte[16];
+
+        addr[0] = (byte) 0xfe;
+        addr[1] = (byte) 0x80;
+        addr[8] = (byte) (macEui48Bytes[0] ^ (byte) 0x02); // flip the link-local bit
+        addr[9] = macEui48Bytes[1];
+        addr[10] = macEui48Bytes[2];
+        addr[11] = (byte) 0xff;
+        addr[12] = (byte) 0xfe;
+        addr[13] = macEui48Bytes[3];
+        addr[14] = macEui48Bytes[4];
+        addr[15] = macEui48Bytes[5];
+
+        try {
+            return Inet6Address.getByAddress(null, addr, 0);
+        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NattKeepalivePacketData.java b/framework/src/android/net/NattKeepalivePacketData.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c4f8fc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NattKeepalivePacketData.java
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.net.InvalidPacketException.ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS;
+import static android.net.InvalidPacketException.ERROR_INVALID_PORT;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+import android.system.OsConstants;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.IpUtils;
+
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/** @hide */
+@SystemApi
+public final class NattKeepalivePacketData extends KeepalivePacketData implements Parcelable {
+    private static final int IPV4_HEADER_LENGTH = 20;
+    private static final int UDP_HEADER_LENGTH = 8;
+
+    // This should only be constructed via static factory methods, such as
+    // nattKeepalivePacket
+    public NattKeepalivePacketData(@NonNull InetAddress srcAddress, int srcPort,
+            @NonNull InetAddress dstAddress, int dstPort, @NonNull byte[] data) throws
+            InvalidPacketException {
+        super(srcAddress, srcPort, dstAddress, dstPort, data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Factory method to create Nat-T keepalive packet structure.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static NattKeepalivePacketData nattKeepalivePacket(
+            InetAddress srcAddress, int srcPort, InetAddress dstAddress, int dstPort)
+            throws InvalidPacketException {
+
+        if (!(srcAddress instanceof Inet4Address) || !(dstAddress instanceof Inet4Address)) {
+            throw new InvalidPacketException(ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS);
+        }
+
+        if (dstPort != NattSocketKeepalive.NATT_PORT) {
+            throw new InvalidPacketException(ERROR_INVALID_PORT);
+        }
+
+        int length = IPV4_HEADER_LENGTH + UDP_HEADER_LENGTH + 1;
+        ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(length);
+        buf.order(ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN);
+        buf.putShort((short) 0x4500);             // IP version and TOS
+        buf.putShort((short) length);
+        buf.putInt(0);                            // ID, flags, offset
+        buf.put((byte) 64);                       // TTL
+        buf.put((byte) OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP);
+        int ipChecksumOffset = buf.position();
+        buf.putShort((short) 0);                  // IP checksum
+        buf.put(srcAddress.getAddress());
+        buf.put(dstAddress.getAddress());
+        buf.putShort((short) srcPort);
+        buf.putShort((short) dstPort);
+        buf.putShort((short) (length - 20));      // UDP length
+        int udpChecksumOffset = buf.position();
+        buf.putShort((short) 0);                  // UDP checksum
+        buf.put((byte) 0xff);                     // NAT-T keepalive
+        buf.putShort(ipChecksumOffset, IpUtils.ipChecksum(buf, 0));
+        buf.putShort(udpChecksumOffset, IpUtils.udpChecksum(buf, 0, IPV4_HEADER_LENGTH));
+
+        return new NattKeepalivePacketData(srcAddress, srcPort, dstAddress, dstPort, buf.array());
+    }
+
+    /** Parcelable Implementation */
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /** Write to parcel */
+    public void writeToParcel(@NonNull Parcel out, int flags) {
+        out.writeString(getSrcAddress().getHostAddress());
+        out.writeString(getDstAddress().getHostAddress());
+        out.writeInt(getSrcPort());
+        out.writeInt(getDstPort());
+    }
+
+    /** Parcelable Creator */
+    public static final @NonNull Parcelable.Creator<NattKeepalivePacketData> CREATOR =
+            new Parcelable.Creator<NattKeepalivePacketData>() {
+                public NattKeepalivePacketData createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+                    final InetAddress srcAddress =
+                            InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(in.readString());
+                    final InetAddress dstAddress =
+                            InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(in.readString());
+                    final int srcPort = in.readInt();
+                    final int dstPort = in.readInt();
+                    try {
+                        return NattKeepalivePacketData.nattKeepalivePacket(srcAddress, srcPort,
+                                    dstAddress, dstPort);
+                    } catch (InvalidPacketException e) {
+                        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                                "Invalid NAT-T keepalive data: " + e.getError());
+                    }
+                }
+
+                public NattKeepalivePacketData[] newArray(int size) {
+                    return new NattKeepalivePacketData[size];
+                }
+            };
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(@Nullable final Object o) {
+        if (!(o instanceof NattKeepalivePacketData)) return false;
+        final NattKeepalivePacketData other = (NattKeepalivePacketData) o;
+        final InetAddress srcAddress = getSrcAddress();
+        final InetAddress dstAddress = getDstAddress();
+        return srcAddress.equals(other.getSrcAddress())
+            && dstAddress.equals(other.getDstAddress())
+            && getSrcPort() == other.getSrcPort()
+            && getDstPort() == other.getDstPort();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hash(getSrcAddress(), getDstAddress(), getSrcPort(), getDstPort());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NattSocketKeepalive.java b/framework/src/android/net/NattSocketKeepalive.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a15d165
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NattSocketKeepalive.java
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+
+/** @hide */
+public final class NattSocketKeepalive extends SocketKeepalive {
+    /** The NAT-T destination port for IPsec */
+    public static final int NATT_PORT = 4500;
+
+    @NonNull private final InetAddress mSource;
+    @NonNull private final InetAddress mDestination;
+    private final int mResourceId;
+
+    NattSocketKeepalive(@NonNull IConnectivityManager service,
+            @NonNull Network network,
+            @NonNull ParcelFileDescriptor pfd,
+            int resourceId,
+            @NonNull InetAddress source,
+            @NonNull InetAddress destination,
+            @NonNull Executor executor,
+            @NonNull Callback callback) {
+        super(service, network, pfd, executor, callback);
+        mSource = source;
+        mDestination = destination;
+        mResourceId = resourceId;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void startImpl(int intervalSec) {
+        mExecutor.execute(() -> {
+            try {
+                mService.startNattKeepaliveWithFd(mNetwork, mPfd, mResourceId,
+                        intervalSec, mCallback,
+                        mSource.getHostAddress(), mDestination.getHostAddress());
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Error starting socket keepalive: ", e);
+                throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void stopImpl() {
+        mExecutor.execute(() -> {
+            try {
+                if (mSlot != null) {
+                    mService.stopKeepalive(mNetwork, mSlot);
+                }
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Error stopping socket keepalive: ", e);
+                throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+            }
+        });
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/Network.java b/framework/src/android/net/Network.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..53f171a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/Network.java
@@ -0,0 +1,531 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.system.Os;
+import android.system.OsConstants;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
+
+import libcore.io.IoUtils;
+import libcore.net.http.Dns;
+import libcore.net.http.HttpURLConnectionFactory;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.DatagramSocket;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.MalformedURLException;
+import java.net.Socket;
+import java.net.SocketAddress;
+import java.net.SocketException;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.net.URLConnection;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import javax.net.SocketFactory;
+
+/**
+ * Identifies a {@code Network}.  This is supplied to applications via
+ * {@link ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback} in response to the active
+ * {@link ConnectivityManager#requestNetwork} or passive
+ * {@link ConnectivityManager#registerNetworkCallback} calls.
+ * It is used to direct traffic to the given {@code Network}, either on a {@link Socket} basis
+ * through a targeted {@link SocketFactory} or process-wide via
+ * {@link ConnectivityManager#bindProcessToNetwork}.
+ */
+public class Network implements Parcelable {
+
+    /**
+     * The unique id of the network.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public final int netId;
+
+    // Objects used to perform per-network operations such as getSocketFactory
+    // and openConnection, and a lock to protect access to them.
+    private volatile NetworkBoundSocketFactory mNetworkBoundSocketFactory = null;
+    // mUrlConnectionFactory is initialized lazily when it is first needed.
+    @GuardedBy("mLock")
+    private HttpURLConnectionFactory mUrlConnectionFactory;
+    private final Object mLock = new Object();
+
+    // Default connection pool values. These are evaluated at startup, just
+    // like the OkHttp code. Also like the OkHttp code, we will throw parse
+    // exceptions at class loading time if the properties are set but are not
+    // valid integers.
+    private static final boolean httpKeepAlive =
+            Boolean.parseBoolean(System.getProperty("http.keepAlive", "true"));
+    private static final int httpMaxConnections =
+            httpKeepAlive ? Integer.parseInt(System.getProperty("http.maxConnections", "5")) : 0;
+    private static final long httpKeepAliveDurationMs =
+            Long.parseLong(System.getProperty("http.keepAliveDuration", "300000"));  // 5 minutes.
+    // Value used to obfuscate network handle longs.
+    // The HANDLE_MAGIC value MUST be kept in sync with the corresponding
+    // value in the native/android/net.c NDK implementation.
+    private static final long HANDLE_MAGIC = 0xcafed00dL;
+    private static final int HANDLE_MAGIC_SIZE = 32;
+    private static final int USE_LOCAL_NAMESERVERS_FLAG = 0x80000000;
+
+    // A boolean to control how getAllByName()/getByName() behaves in the face
+    // of Private DNS.
+    //
+    // When true, these calls will request that DNS resolution bypass any
+    // Private DNS that might otherwise apply. Use of this feature is restricted
+    // and permission checks are made by netd (attempts to bypass Private DNS
+    // without appropriate permission are silently turned into vanilla DNS
+    // requests). This only affects DNS queries made using this network object.
+    //
+    // It it not parceled to receivers because (a) it can be set or cleared at
+    // anytime and (b) receivers should be explicit about attempts to bypass
+    // Private DNS so that the intent of the code is easily determined and
+    // code search audits are possible.
+    private final transient boolean mPrivateDnsBypass;
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    public Network(int netId) {
+        this(netId, false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public Network(int netId, boolean privateDnsBypass) {
+        this.netId = netId;
+        this.mPrivateDnsBypass = privateDnsBypass;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public Network(@NonNull Network that) {
+        this(that.netId, that.mPrivateDnsBypass);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Operates the same as {@code InetAddress.getAllByName} except that host
+     * resolution is done on this network.
+     *
+     * @param host the hostname or literal IP string to be resolved.
+     * @return the array of addresses associated with the specified host.
+     * @throws UnknownHostException if the address lookup fails.
+     */
+    public InetAddress[] getAllByName(String host) throws UnknownHostException {
+        return InetAddress.getAllByNameOnNet(host, getNetIdForResolv());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Operates the same as {@code InetAddress.getByName} except that host
+     * resolution is done on this network.
+     *
+     * @param host the hostname to be resolved to an address or {@code null}.
+     * @return the {@code InetAddress} instance representing the host.
+     * @throws UnknownHostException
+     *             if the address lookup fails.
+     */
+    public InetAddress getByName(String host) throws UnknownHostException {
+        return InetAddress.getByNameOnNet(host, getNetIdForResolv());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Obtain a Network object for which Private DNS is to be bypassed when attempting
+     * to use {@link #getAllByName(String)}/{@link #getByName(String)} methods on the given
+     * instance for hostname resolution.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public @NonNull Network getPrivateDnsBypassingCopy() {
+        return new Network(netId, true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the unique id of the network.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public int getNetId() {
+        return netId;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a netid marked with the Private DNS bypass flag.
+     *
+     * This flag must be kept in sync with the NETID_USE_LOCAL_NAMESERVERS flag
+     * in system/netd/include/NetdClient.h.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public int getNetIdForResolv() {
+        return mPrivateDnsBypass
+                ? (USE_LOCAL_NAMESERVERS_FLAG | netId)  // Non-portable DNS resolution flag.
+                : netId;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A {@code SocketFactory} that produces {@code Socket}'s bound to this network.
+     */
+    private class NetworkBoundSocketFactory extends SocketFactory {
+        private Socket connectToHost(String host, int port, SocketAddress localAddress)
+                throws IOException {
+            // Lookup addresses only on this Network.
+            InetAddress[] hostAddresses = getAllByName(host);
+            // Try all addresses.
+            for (int i = 0; i < hostAddresses.length; i++) {
+                try {
+                    Socket socket = createSocket();
+                    boolean failed = true;
+                    try {
+                        if (localAddress != null) socket.bind(localAddress);
+                        socket.connect(new InetSocketAddress(hostAddresses[i], port));
+                        failed = false;
+                        return socket;
+                    } finally {
+                        if (failed) IoUtils.closeQuietly(socket);
+                    }
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    if (i == (hostAddresses.length - 1)) throw e;
+                }
+            }
+            throw new UnknownHostException(host);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Socket createSocket(String host, int port, InetAddress localHost, int localPort)
+                throws IOException {
+            return connectToHost(host, port, new InetSocketAddress(localHost, localPort));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Socket createSocket(InetAddress address, int port, InetAddress localAddress,
+                int localPort) throws IOException {
+            Socket socket = createSocket();
+            boolean failed = true;
+            try {
+                socket.bind(new InetSocketAddress(localAddress, localPort));
+                socket.connect(new InetSocketAddress(address, port));
+                failed = false;
+            } finally {
+                if (failed) IoUtils.closeQuietly(socket);
+            }
+            return socket;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Socket createSocket(InetAddress host, int port) throws IOException {
+            Socket socket = createSocket();
+            boolean failed = true;
+            try {
+                socket.connect(new InetSocketAddress(host, port));
+                failed = false;
+            } finally {
+                if (failed) IoUtils.closeQuietly(socket);
+            }
+            return socket;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Socket createSocket(String host, int port) throws IOException {
+            return connectToHost(host, port, null);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Socket createSocket() throws IOException {
+            Socket socket = new Socket();
+            boolean failed = true;
+            try {
+                bindSocket(socket);
+                failed = false;
+            } finally {
+                if (failed) IoUtils.closeQuietly(socket);
+            }
+            return socket;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a {@link SocketFactory} bound to this network.  Any {@link Socket} created by
+     * this factory will have its traffic sent over this {@code Network}.  Note that if this
+     * {@code Network} ever disconnects, this factory and any {@link Socket} it produced in the
+     * past or future will cease to work.
+     *
+     * @return a {@link SocketFactory} which produces {@link Socket} instances bound to this
+     *         {@code Network}.
+     */
+    public SocketFactory getSocketFactory() {
+        if (mNetworkBoundSocketFactory == null) {
+            synchronized (mLock) {
+                if (mNetworkBoundSocketFactory == null) {
+                    mNetworkBoundSocketFactory = new NetworkBoundSocketFactory();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return mNetworkBoundSocketFactory;
+    }
+
+    private static HttpURLConnectionFactory createUrlConnectionFactory(Dns dnsLookup) {
+        // Set configuration on the HttpURLConnectionFactory that will be good for all
+        // connections created by this Network. Configuration that might vary is left
+        // until openConnection() and passed as arguments.
+        HttpURLConnectionFactory urlConnectionFactory = HttpURLConnectionFactory.createInstance();
+        urlConnectionFactory.setDns(dnsLookup); // Let traffic go via dnsLookup
+        // A private connection pool just for this Network.
+        urlConnectionFactory.setNewConnectionPool(httpMaxConnections,
+                httpKeepAliveDurationMs, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        return urlConnectionFactory;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Opens the specified {@link URL} on this {@code Network}, such that all traffic will be sent
+     * on this Network. The URL protocol must be {@code HTTP} or {@code HTTPS}.
+     *
+     * @return a {@code URLConnection} to the resource referred to by this URL.
+     * @throws MalformedURLException if the URL protocol is not HTTP or HTTPS.
+     * @throws IOException if an error occurs while opening the connection.
+     * @see java.net.URL#openConnection()
+     */
+    public URLConnection openConnection(URL url) throws IOException {
+        final ConnectivityManager cm = ConnectivityManager.getInstanceOrNull();
+        if (cm == null) {
+            throw new IOException("No ConnectivityManager yet constructed, please construct one");
+        }
+        // TODO: Should this be optimized to avoid fetching the global proxy for every request?
+        final ProxyInfo proxyInfo = cm.getProxyForNetwork(this);
+        final java.net.Proxy proxy;
+        if (proxyInfo != null) {
+            proxy = proxyInfo.makeProxy();
+        } else {
+            proxy = java.net.Proxy.NO_PROXY;
+        }
+        return openConnection(url, proxy);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Opens the specified {@link URL} on this {@code Network}, such that all traffic will be sent
+     * on this Network. The URL protocol must be {@code HTTP} or {@code HTTPS}.
+     *
+     * @param proxy the proxy through which the connection will be established.
+     * @return a {@code URLConnection} to the resource referred to by this URL.
+     * @throws MalformedURLException if the URL protocol is not HTTP or HTTPS.
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the argument proxy is null.
+     * @throws IOException if an error occurs while opening the connection.
+     * @see java.net.URL#openConnection()
+     */
+    public URLConnection openConnection(URL url, java.net.Proxy proxy) throws IOException {
+        if (proxy == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("proxy is null");
+        // TODO: This creates a connection pool and host resolver for
+        // every Network object, instead of one for every NetId. This is
+        // suboptimal, because an app could potentially have more than one
+        // Network object for the same NetId, causing increased memory footprint
+        // and performance penalties due to lack of connection reuse (connection
+        // setup time, congestion window growth time, etc.).
+        //
+        // Instead, investigate only having one connection pool and host resolver
+        // for every NetId, perhaps by using a static HashMap of NetIds to
+        // connection pools and host resolvers. The tricky part is deciding when
+        // to remove a map entry; a WeakHashMap shouldn't be used because whether
+        // a Network is referenced doesn't correlate with whether a new Network
+        // will be instantiated in the near future with the same NetID. A good
+        // solution would involve purging empty (or when all connections are timed
+        // out) ConnectionPools.
+        final HttpURLConnectionFactory urlConnectionFactory;
+        synchronized (mLock) {
+            if (mUrlConnectionFactory == null) {
+                Dns dnsLookup = hostname -> Arrays.asList(getAllByName(hostname));
+                mUrlConnectionFactory = createUrlConnectionFactory(dnsLookup);
+            }
+            urlConnectionFactory = mUrlConnectionFactory;
+        }
+        SocketFactory socketFactory = getSocketFactory();
+        return urlConnectionFactory.openConnection(url, socketFactory, proxy);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Binds the specified {@link DatagramSocket} to this {@code Network}. All data traffic on the
+     * socket will be sent on this {@code Network}, irrespective of any process-wide network binding
+     * set by {@link ConnectivityManager#bindProcessToNetwork}. The socket must not be
+     * connected.
+     */
+    public void bindSocket(DatagramSocket socket) throws IOException {
+        // Query a property of the underlying socket to ensure that the socket's file descriptor
+        // exists, is available to bind to a network and is not closed.
+        socket.getReuseAddress();
+
+        // ParcelFileDescriptor.fromDatagramSocket() creates a dup of the original fd. The original
+        // and the dup share the underlying socket in the kernel. The socket is never truly closed
+        // until the last fd pointing to the socket being closed. Try and eventually close the dup
+        // one after binding the socket to control the lifetime of the dup fd.
+        try (ParcelFileDescriptor pfd = ParcelFileDescriptor.fromDatagramSocket(socket)) {
+            bindSocket(pfd.getFileDescriptor());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Binds the specified {@link Socket} to this {@code Network}. All data traffic on the socket
+     * will be sent on this {@code Network}, irrespective of any process-wide network binding set by
+     * {@link ConnectivityManager#bindProcessToNetwork}. The socket must not be connected.
+     */
+    public void bindSocket(Socket socket) throws IOException {
+        // Query a property of the underlying socket to ensure that the socket's file descriptor
+        // exists, is available to bind to a network and is not closed.
+        socket.getReuseAddress();
+        // ParcelFileDescriptor.fromSocket() creates a dup of the original fd. The original and
+        // the dup share the underlying socket in the kernel. The socket is never truly closed
+        // until the last fd pointing to the socket being closed. Try and eventually close the dup
+        // one after binding the socket to control the lifetime of the dup fd.
+        try (ParcelFileDescriptor pfd = ParcelFileDescriptor.fromSocket(socket)) {
+            bindSocket(pfd.getFileDescriptor());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Binds the specified {@link FileDescriptor} to this {@code Network}. All data traffic on the
+     * socket represented by this file descriptor will be sent on this {@code Network},
+     * irrespective of any process-wide network binding set by
+     * {@link ConnectivityManager#bindProcessToNetwork}. The socket must not be connected.
+     */
+    public void bindSocket(FileDescriptor fd) throws IOException {
+        try {
+            final SocketAddress peer = Os.getpeername(fd);
+            final InetAddress inetPeer = ((InetSocketAddress) peer).getAddress();
+            if (!inetPeer.isAnyLocalAddress()) {
+                // Apparently, the kernel doesn't update a connected UDP socket's
+                // routing upon mark changes.
+                throw new SocketException("Socket is connected");
+            }
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            // getpeername() failed.
+            if (e.errno != OsConstants.ENOTCONN) {
+                throw e.rethrowAsSocketException();
+            }
+        } catch (ClassCastException e) {
+            // Wasn't an InetSocketAddress.
+            throw new SocketException("Only AF_INET/AF_INET6 sockets supported");
+        }
+
+        final int err = NetworkUtils.bindSocketToNetwork(fd, netId);
+        if (err != 0) {
+            // bindSocketToNetwork returns negative errno.
+            throw new ErrnoException("Binding socket to network " + netId, -err)
+                    .rethrowAsSocketException();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a {@link Network} object given a handle returned from {@link #getNetworkHandle}.
+     *
+     * @param networkHandle a handle returned from {@link #getNetworkHandle}.
+     * @return A {@link Network} object derived from {@code networkHandle}.
+     */
+    public static Network fromNetworkHandle(long networkHandle) {
+        if (networkHandle == 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "Network.fromNetworkHandle refusing to instantiate NETID_UNSET Network.");
+        }
+        if ((networkHandle & ((1L << HANDLE_MAGIC_SIZE) - 1)) != HANDLE_MAGIC) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "Value passed to fromNetworkHandle() is not a network handle.");
+        }
+        final int netIdForResolv = (int) (networkHandle >>> HANDLE_MAGIC_SIZE);
+        return new Network((netIdForResolv & ~USE_LOCAL_NAMESERVERS_FLAG),
+                ((netIdForResolv & USE_LOCAL_NAMESERVERS_FLAG) != 0) /* privateDnsBypass */);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a handle representing this {@code Network}, for use with the NDK API.
+     */
+    public long getNetworkHandle() {
+        // The network handle is explicitly not the same as the netId.
+        //
+        // The netId is an implementation detail which might be changed in the
+        // future, or which alone (i.e. in the absence of some additional
+        // context) might not be sufficient to fully identify a Network.
+        //
+        // As such, the intention is to prevent accidental misuse of the API
+        // that might result if a developer assumed that handles and netIds
+        // were identical and passing a netId to a call expecting a handle
+        // "just worked".  Such accidental misuse, if widely deployed, might
+        // prevent future changes to the semantics of the netId field or
+        // inhibit the expansion of state required for Network objects.
+        //
+        // This extra layer of indirection might be seen as paranoia, and might
+        // never end up being necessary, but the added complexity is trivial.
+        // At some future date it may be desirable to realign the handle with
+        // Multiple Provisioning Domains API recommendations, as made by the
+        // IETF mif working group.
+        if (netId == 0) {
+            return 0L;  // make this zero condition obvious for debugging
+        }
+        return (((long) getNetIdForResolv()) << HANDLE_MAGIC_SIZE) | HANDLE_MAGIC;
+    }
+
+    // implement the Parcelable interface
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
+        dest.writeInt(netId);
+    }
+
+    public static final @android.annotation.NonNull Creator<Network> CREATOR =
+        new Creator<Network>() {
+            public Network createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+                int netId = in.readInt();
+
+                return new Network(netId);
+            }
+
+            public Network[] newArray(int size) {
+                return new Network[size];
+            }
+    };
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
+        if (!(obj instanceof Network)) return false;
+        Network other = (Network)obj;
+        return this.netId == other.netId;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return netId * 11;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return Integer.toString(netId);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgent.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgent.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fdc9081
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgent.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1443 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.IntDef;
+import android.annotation.IntRange;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.annotation.TestApi;
+import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.DscpPolicy.DscpPolicyStatus;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.os.ConditionVariable;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.Message;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.telephony.data.EpsBearerQosSessionAttributes;
+import android.telephony.data.NrQosSessionAttributes;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+
+/**
+ * A utility class for handling for communicating between bearer-specific
+ * code and ConnectivityService.
+ *
+ * An agent manages the life cycle of a network. A network starts its
+ * life cycle when {@link register} is called on NetworkAgent. The network
+ * is then connecting. When full L3 connectivity has been established,
+ * the agent should call {@link markConnected} to inform the system that
+ * this network is ready to use. When the network disconnects its life
+ * ends and the agent should call {@link unregister}, at which point the
+ * system will clean up and free resources.
+ * Any reconnection becomes a new logical network, so after a network
+ * is disconnected the agent cannot be used any more. Network providers
+ * should create a new NetworkAgent instance to handle new connections.
+ *
+ * A bearer may have more than one NetworkAgent if it can simultaneously
+ * support separate networks (IMS / Internet / MMS Apns on cellular, or
+ * perhaps connections with different SSID or P2P for Wi-Fi).
+ *
+ * This class supports methods to start and stop sending keepalive packets.
+ * Keepalive packets are typically sent at periodic intervals over a network
+ * with NAT when there is no other traffic to avoid the network forcefully
+ * closing the connection. NetworkAgents that manage technologies that
+ * have hardware support for keepalive should implement the related
+ * methods to save battery life. NetworkAgent that cannot get support
+ * without waking up the CPU should not, as this would be prohibitive in
+ * terms of battery - these agents should simply not override the related
+ * methods, which results in the implementation returning
+ * {@link SocketKeepalive.ERROR_UNSUPPORTED} as appropriate.
+ *
+ * Keepalive packets need to be sent at relatively frequent intervals
+ * (a few seconds to a few minutes). As the contents of keepalive packets
+ * depend on the current network status, hardware needs to be configured
+ * to send them and has a limited amount of memory to do so. The HAL
+ * formalizes this as slots that an implementation can configure to send
+ * the correct packets. Devices typically have a small number of slots
+ * per radio technology, and the specific number of slots for each
+ * technology is specified in configuration files.
+ * {@see SocketKeepalive} for details.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi
+public abstract class NetworkAgent {
+    /**
+     * The {@link Network} corresponding to this object.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    private volatile Network mNetwork;
+
+    @Nullable
+    private volatile INetworkAgentRegistry mRegistry;
+
+    private interface RegistryAction {
+        void execute(@NonNull INetworkAgentRegistry registry) throws RemoteException;
+    }
+
+    private final Handler mHandler;
+    private final String LOG_TAG;
+    private static final boolean DBG = true;
+    private static final boolean VDBG = false;
+    /** @hide */
+    @TestApi
+    public static final int MIN_LINGER_TIMER_MS = 2000;
+    private final ArrayList<RegistryAction> mPreConnectedQueue = new ArrayList<>();
+    private volatile long mLastBwRefreshTime = 0;
+    private static final long BW_REFRESH_MIN_WIN_MS = 500;
+    private boolean mBandwidthUpdateScheduled = false;
+    private AtomicBoolean mBandwidthUpdatePending = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+    @NonNull
+    private NetworkInfo mNetworkInfo;
+    @NonNull
+    private final Object mRegisterLock = new Object();
+
+    /**
+     * The ID of the {@link NetworkProvider} that created this object, or
+     * {@link NetworkProvider#ID_NONE} if unknown.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public final int providerId;
+
+    // ConnectivityService parses message constants from itself and NetworkAgent with MessageUtils
+    // for debugging purposes, and crashes if some messages have the same values.
+    // TODO: have ConnectivityService store message names in different maps and remove this base
+    private static final int BASE = 200;
+
+    /**
+     * Sent by ConnectivityService to the NetworkAgent to inform it of
+     * suspected connectivity problems on its network.  The NetworkAgent
+     * should take steps to verify and correct connectivity.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int CMD_SUSPECT_BAD = BASE;
+
+    /**
+     * Sent by the NetworkAgent (note the EVENT vs CMD prefix) to
+     * ConnectivityService to pass the current NetworkInfo (connection state).
+     * Sent when the NetworkInfo changes, mainly due to change of state.
+     * obj = NetworkInfo
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int EVENT_NETWORK_INFO_CHANGED = BASE + 1;
+
+    /**
+     * Sent by the NetworkAgent to ConnectivityService to pass the current
+     * NetworkCapabilties.
+     * obj = NetworkCapabilities
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int EVENT_NETWORK_CAPABILITIES_CHANGED = BASE + 2;
+
+    /**
+     * Sent by the NetworkAgent to ConnectivityService to pass the current
+     * NetworkProperties.
+     * obj = NetworkProperties
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int EVENT_NETWORK_PROPERTIES_CHANGED = BASE + 3;
+
+    /**
+     * Centralize the place where base network score, and network score scaling, will be
+     * stored, so as we can consistently compare apple and oranges, or wifi, ethernet and LTE
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int WIFI_BASE_SCORE = 60;
+
+    /**
+     * Sent by the NetworkAgent to ConnectivityService to pass the current
+     * network score.
+     * arg1 = network score int
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int EVENT_NETWORK_SCORE_CHANGED = BASE + 4;
+
+    /**
+     * Sent by the NetworkAgent to ConnectivityService to pass the current
+     * list of underlying networks.
+     * obj = array of Network objects
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int EVENT_UNDERLYING_NETWORKS_CHANGED = BASE + 5;
+
+    /**
+     * Sent by the NetworkAgent to ConnectivityService to pass the current value of the teardown
+     * delay.
+     * arg1 = teardown delay in milliseconds
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int EVENT_TEARDOWN_DELAY_CHANGED = BASE + 6;
+
+    /**
+     * The maximum value for the teardown delay, in milliseconds.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int MAX_TEARDOWN_DELAY_MS = 5000;
+
+    /**
+     * Sent by ConnectivityService to the NetworkAgent to inform the agent of the
+     * networks status - whether we could use the network or could not, due to
+     * either a bad network configuration (no internet link) or captive portal.
+     *
+     * arg1 = either {@code VALID_NETWORK} or {@code INVALID_NETWORK}
+     * obj = Bundle containing map from {@code REDIRECT_URL_KEY} to {@code String}
+     *       representing URL that Internet probe was redirect to, if it was redirected,
+     *       or mapping to {@code null} otherwise.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int CMD_REPORT_NETWORK_STATUS = BASE + 7;
+
+    /**
+     * Network validation suceeded.
+     * Corresponds to {@link NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED}.
+     */
+    public static final int VALIDATION_STATUS_VALID = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * Network validation was attempted and failed. This may be received more than once as
+     * subsequent validation attempts are made.
+     */
+    public static final int VALIDATION_STATUS_NOT_VALID = 2;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(prefix = { "VALIDATION_STATUS_" }, value = {
+            VALIDATION_STATUS_VALID,
+            VALIDATION_STATUS_NOT_VALID
+    })
+    public @interface ValidationStatus {}
+
+    // TODO: remove.
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int VALID_NETWORK = 1;
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int INVALID_NETWORK = 2;
+
+    /**
+     * The key for the redirect URL in the Bundle argument of {@code CMD_REPORT_NETWORK_STATUS}.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String REDIRECT_URL_KEY = "redirect URL";
+
+    /**
+     * Sent by the NetworkAgent to ConnectivityService to indicate this network was
+     * explicitly selected.  This should be sent before the NetworkInfo is marked
+     * CONNECTED so it can be given special treatment at that time.
+     *
+     * obj = boolean indicating whether to use this network even if unvalidated
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int EVENT_SET_EXPLICITLY_SELECTED = BASE + 8;
+
+    /**
+     * Sent by ConnectivityService to the NetworkAgent to inform the agent of
+     * whether the network should in the future be used even if not validated.
+     * This decision is made by the user, but it is the network transport's
+     * responsibility to remember it.
+     *
+     * arg1 = 1 if true, 0 if false
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int CMD_SAVE_ACCEPT_UNVALIDATED = BASE + 9;
+
+    /**
+     * Sent by ConnectivityService to the NetworkAgent to inform the agent to pull
+     * the underlying network connection for updated bandwidth information.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int CMD_REQUEST_BANDWIDTH_UPDATE = BASE + 10;
+
+    /**
+     * Sent by ConnectivityService to the NetworkAgent to request that the specified packet be sent
+     * periodically on the given interval.
+     *
+     *   arg1 = the hardware slot number of the keepalive to start
+     *   arg2 = interval in seconds
+     *   obj = KeepalivePacketData object describing the data to be sent
+     *
+     * Also used internally by ConnectivityService / KeepaliveTracker, with different semantics.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int CMD_START_SOCKET_KEEPALIVE = BASE + 11;
+
+    /**
+     * Requests that the specified keepalive packet be stopped.
+     *
+     * arg1 = hardware slot number of the keepalive to stop.
+     *
+     * Also used internally by ConnectivityService / KeepaliveTracker, with different semantics.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int CMD_STOP_SOCKET_KEEPALIVE = BASE + 12;
+
+    /**
+     * Sent by the NetworkAgent to ConnectivityService to provide status on a socket keepalive
+     * request. This may either be the reply to a CMD_START_SOCKET_KEEPALIVE, or an asynchronous
+     * error notification.
+     *
+     * This is also sent by KeepaliveTracker to the app's {@link SocketKeepalive},
+     * so that the app's {@link SocketKeepalive.Callback} methods can be called.
+     *
+     * arg1 = hardware slot number of the keepalive
+     * arg2 = error code
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int EVENT_SOCKET_KEEPALIVE = BASE + 13;
+
+    /**
+     * Sent by ConnectivityService to inform this network transport of signal strength thresholds
+     * that when crossed should trigger a system wakeup and a NetworkCapabilities update.
+     *
+     *   obj = int[] describing signal strength thresholds.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int CMD_SET_SIGNAL_STRENGTH_THRESHOLDS = BASE + 14;
+
+    /**
+     * Sent by ConnectivityService to the NeworkAgent to inform the agent to avoid
+     * automatically reconnecting to this network (e.g. via autojoin).  Happens
+     * when user selects "No" option on the "Stay connected?" dialog box.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int CMD_PREVENT_AUTOMATIC_RECONNECT = BASE + 15;
+
+    /**
+     * Sent by the KeepaliveTracker to NetworkAgent to add a packet filter.
+     *
+     * For TCP keepalive offloads, keepalive packets are sent by the firmware. However, because the
+     * remote site will send ACK packets in response to the keepalive packets, the firmware also
+     * needs to be configured to properly filter the ACKs to prevent the system from waking up.
+     * This does not happen with UDP, so this message is TCP-specific.
+     * arg1 = hardware slot number of the keepalive to filter for.
+     * obj = the keepalive packet to send repeatedly.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int CMD_ADD_KEEPALIVE_PACKET_FILTER = BASE + 16;
+
+    /**
+     * Sent by the KeepaliveTracker to NetworkAgent to remove a packet filter. See
+     * {@link #CMD_ADD_KEEPALIVE_PACKET_FILTER}.
+     * arg1 = hardware slot number of the keepalive packet filter to remove.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int CMD_REMOVE_KEEPALIVE_PACKET_FILTER = BASE + 17;
+
+    /**
+     * Sent by ConnectivityService to the NetworkAgent to complete the bidirectional connection.
+     * obj = INetworkAgentRegistry
+     */
+    private static final int EVENT_AGENT_CONNECTED = BASE + 18;
+
+    /**
+     * Sent by ConnectivityService to the NetworkAgent to inform the agent that it was disconnected.
+     */
+    private static final int EVENT_AGENT_DISCONNECTED = BASE + 19;
+
+    /**
+     * Sent by QosCallbackTracker to {@link NetworkAgent} to register a new filter with
+     * callback.
+     *
+     * arg1 = QoS agent callback ID
+     * obj = {@link QosFilter}
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int CMD_REGISTER_QOS_CALLBACK = BASE + 20;
+
+    /**
+     * Sent by QosCallbackTracker to {@link NetworkAgent} to unregister a callback.
+     *
+     * arg1 = QoS agent callback ID
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int CMD_UNREGISTER_QOS_CALLBACK = BASE + 21;
+
+    /**
+     * Sent by ConnectivityService to {@link NetworkAgent} to inform the agent that its native
+     * network was created and the Network object is now valid.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int CMD_NETWORK_CREATED = BASE + 22;
+
+    /**
+     * Sent by ConnectivityService to {@link NetworkAgent} to inform the agent that its native
+     * network was destroyed.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int CMD_NETWORK_DESTROYED = BASE + 23;
+
+    /**
+     * Sent by the NetworkAgent to ConnectivityService to set the linger duration for this network
+     * agent.
+     * arg1 = the linger duration, represents by {@link Duration}.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int EVENT_LINGER_DURATION_CHANGED = BASE + 24;
+
+    /**
+     * Sent by the NetworkAgent to ConnectivityService to set add a DSCP policy.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int EVENT_ADD_DSCP_POLICY = BASE + 25;
+
+    /**
+     * Sent by the NetworkAgent to ConnectivityService to set remove a DSCP policy.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int EVENT_REMOVE_DSCP_POLICY = BASE + 26;
+
+    /**
+     * Sent by the NetworkAgent to ConnectivityService to remove all DSCP policies.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int EVENT_REMOVE_ALL_DSCP_POLICIES = BASE + 27;
+
+    /**
+     * Sent by ConnectivityService to {@link NetworkAgent} to inform the agent of an updated
+     * status for a DSCP policy.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int CMD_DSCP_POLICY_STATUS = BASE + 28;
+
+    /**
+     * Sent by the NetworkAgent to ConnectivityService to notify that this network is expected to be
+     * replaced within the specified time by a similar network.
+     * arg1 = timeout in milliseconds
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int EVENT_DESTROY_AND_AWAIT_REPLACEMENT = BASE + 29;
+
+    private static NetworkInfo getLegacyNetworkInfo(final NetworkAgentConfig config) {
+        final NetworkInfo ni = new NetworkInfo(config.legacyType, config.legacySubType,
+                config.legacyTypeName, config.legacySubTypeName);
+        ni.setIsAvailable(true);
+        ni.setDetailedState(NetworkInfo.DetailedState.CONNECTING, null /* reason */,
+                config.getLegacyExtraInfo());
+        return ni;
+    }
+
+    // Temporary backward compatibility constructor
+    public NetworkAgent(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull Looper looper, @NonNull String logTag,
+            @NonNull NetworkCapabilities nc, @NonNull LinkProperties lp, int score,
+            @NonNull NetworkAgentConfig config, @Nullable NetworkProvider provider) {
+        this(context, looper, logTag, nc, lp,
+                new NetworkScore.Builder().setLegacyInt(score).build(), config, provider);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new network agent.
+     * @param context a {@link Context} to get system services from.
+     * @param looper the {@link Looper} on which to invoke the callbacks.
+     * @param logTag the tag for logs
+     * @param nc the initial {@link NetworkCapabilities} of this network. Update with
+     *           sendNetworkCapabilities.
+     * @param lp the initial {@link LinkProperties} of this network. Update with sendLinkProperties.
+     * @param score the initial score of this network. Update with sendNetworkScore.
+     * @param config an immutable {@link NetworkAgentConfig} for this agent.
+     * @param provider the {@link NetworkProvider} managing this agent.
+     */
+    public NetworkAgent(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull Looper looper, @NonNull String logTag,
+            @NonNull NetworkCapabilities nc, @NonNull LinkProperties lp,
+            @NonNull NetworkScore score, @NonNull NetworkAgentConfig config,
+            @Nullable NetworkProvider provider) {
+        this(looper, context, logTag, nc, lp, score, config,
+                provider == null ? NetworkProvider.ID_NONE : provider.getProviderId(),
+                getLegacyNetworkInfo(config));
+    }
+
+    private static class InitialConfiguration {
+        public final Context context;
+        public final NetworkCapabilities capabilities;
+        public final LinkProperties properties;
+        public final NetworkScore score;
+        public final NetworkAgentConfig config;
+        public final NetworkInfo info;
+        InitialConfiguration(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull NetworkCapabilities capabilities,
+                @NonNull LinkProperties properties, @NonNull NetworkScore score,
+                @NonNull NetworkAgentConfig config, @NonNull NetworkInfo info) {
+            this.context = context;
+            this.capabilities = capabilities;
+            this.properties = properties;
+            this.score = score;
+            this.config = config;
+            this.info = info;
+        }
+    }
+    private volatile InitialConfiguration mInitialConfiguration;
+
+    private NetworkAgent(@NonNull Looper looper, @NonNull Context context, @NonNull String logTag,
+            @NonNull NetworkCapabilities nc, @NonNull LinkProperties lp,
+            @NonNull NetworkScore score, @NonNull NetworkAgentConfig config, int providerId,
+            @NonNull NetworkInfo ni) {
+        mHandler = new NetworkAgentHandler(looper);
+        LOG_TAG = logTag;
+        mNetworkInfo = new NetworkInfo(ni);
+        this.providerId = providerId;
+        if (ni == null || nc == null || lp == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+        }
+
+        mInitialConfiguration = new InitialConfiguration(context,
+                new NetworkCapabilities(nc, NetworkCapabilities.REDACT_NONE),
+                new LinkProperties(lp), score, config, ni);
+    }
+
+    private class NetworkAgentHandler extends Handler {
+        NetworkAgentHandler(Looper looper) {
+            super(looper);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
+            switch (msg.what) {
+                case EVENT_AGENT_CONNECTED: {
+                    if (mRegistry != null) {
+                        log("Received new connection while already connected!");
+                    } else {
+                        if (VDBG) log("NetworkAgent fully connected");
+                        synchronized (mPreConnectedQueue) {
+                            final INetworkAgentRegistry registry = (INetworkAgentRegistry) msg.obj;
+                            mRegistry = registry;
+                            for (RegistryAction a : mPreConnectedQueue) {
+                                try {
+                                    a.execute(registry);
+                                } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                                    Log.wtf(LOG_TAG, "Communication error with registry", e);
+                                    // Fall through
+                                }
+                            }
+                            mPreConnectedQueue.clear();
+                        }
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                case EVENT_AGENT_DISCONNECTED: {
+                    if (DBG) log("NetworkAgent channel lost");
+                    // let the client know CS is done with us.
+                    onNetworkUnwanted();
+                    synchronized (mPreConnectedQueue) {
+                        mRegistry = null;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                case CMD_SUSPECT_BAD: {
+                    log("Unhandled Message " + msg);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case CMD_REQUEST_BANDWIDTH_UPDATE: {
+                    long currentTimeMs = System.currentTimeMillis();
+                    if (VDBG) {
+                        log("CMD_REQUEST_BANDWIDTH_UPDATE request received.");
+                    }
+                    if (currentTimeMs >= (mLastBwRefreshTime + BW_REFRESH_MIN_WIN_MS)) {
+                        mBandwidthUpdateScheduled = false;
+                        if (!mBandwidthUpdatePending.getAndSet(true)) {
+                            onBandwidthUpdateRequested();
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        // deliver the request at a later time rather than discard it completely.
+                        if (!mBandwidthUpdateScheduled) {
+                            long waitTime = mLastBwRefreshTime + BW_REFRESH_MIN_WIN_MS
+                                    - currentTimeMs + 1;
+                            mBandwidthUpdateScheduled = sendEmptyMessageDelayed(
+                                    CMD_REQUEST_BANDWIDTH_UPDATE, waitTime);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                case CMD_REPORT_NETWORK_STATUS: {
+                    String redirectUrl = ((Bundle) msg.obj).getString(REDIRECT_URL_KEY);
+                    if (VDBG) {
+                        log("CMD_REPORT_NETWORK_STATUS("
+                                + (msg.arg1 == VALID_NETWORK ? "VALID, " : "INVALID, ")
+                                + redirectUrl);
+                    }
+                    Uri uri = null;
+                    try {
+                        if (null != redirectUrl) {
+                            uri = Uri.parse(redirectUrl);
+                        }
+                    } catch (Exception e) {
+                        Log.wtf(LOG_TAG, "Surprising URI : " + redirectUrl, e);
+                    }
+                    onValidationStatus(msg.arg1 /* status */, uri);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case CMD_SAVE_ACCEPT_UNVALIDATED: {
+                    onSaveAcceptUnvalidated(msg.arg1 != 0);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case CMD_START_SOCKET_KEEPALIVE: {
+                    onStartSocketKeepalive(msg.arg1 /* slot */,
+                            Duration.ofSeconds(msg.arg2) /* interval */,
+                            (KeepalivePacketData) msg.obj /* packet */);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case CMD_STOP_SOCKET_KEEPALIVE: {
+                    onStopSocketKeepalive(msg.arg1 /* slot */);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case CMD_SET_SIGNAL_STRENGTH_THRESHOLDS: {
+                    onSignalStrengthThresholdsUpdated((int[]) msg.obj);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case CMD_PREVENT_AUTOMATIC_RECONNECT: {
+                    onAutomaticReconnectDisabled();
+                    break;
+                }
+                case CMD_ADD_KEEPALIVE_PACKET_FILTER: {
+                    onAddKeepalivePacketFilter(msg.arg1 /* slot */,
+                            (KeepalivePacketData) msg.obj /* packet */);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case CMD_REMOVE_KEEPALIVE_PACKET_FILTER: {
+                    onRemoveKeepalivePacketFilter(msg.arg1 /* slot */);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case CMD_REGISTER_QOS_CALLBACK: {
+                    onQosCallbackRegistered(
+                            msg.arg1 /* QoS callback id */,
+                            (QosFilter) msg.obj /* QoS filter */);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case CMD_UNREGISTER_QOS_CALLBACK: {
+                    onQosCallbackUnregistered(
+                            msg.arg1 /* QoS callback id */);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case CMD_NETWORK_CREATED: {
+                    onNetworkCreated();
+                    break;
+                }
+                case CMD_NETWORK_DESTROYED: {
+                    onNetworkDestroyed();
+                    break;
+                }
+                case CMD_DSCP_POLICY_STATUS: {
+                    onDscpPolicyStatusUpdated(
+                            msg.arg1 /* Policy ID */,
+                            msg.arg2 /* DSCP Policy Status */);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register this network agent with ConnectivityService.
+     *
+     * This method can only be called once per network agent.
+     *
+     * @return the Network associated with this network agent (which can also be obtained later
+     *         by calling getNetwork() on this agent).
+     * @throws IllegalStateException thrown by the system server if this network agent is
+     *         already registered.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public Network register() {
+        if (VDBG) log("Registering NetworkAgent");
+        synchronized (mRegisterLock) {
+            if (mNetwork != null) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Agent already registered");
+            }
+            final ConnectivityManager cm = (ConnectivityManager) mInitialConfiguration.context
+                    .getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
+            mNetwork = cm.registerNetworkAgent(new NetworkAgentBinder(mHandler),
+                    new NetworkInfo(mInitialConfiguration.info),
+                    mInitialConfiguration.properties, mInitialConfiguration.capabilities,
+                    mInitialConfiguration.score, mInitialConfiguration.config, providerId);
+            mInitialConfiguration = null; // All this memory can now be GC'd
+        }
+        return mNetwork;
+    }
+
+    private static class NetworkAgentBinder extends INetworkAgent.Stub {
+        private static final String LOG_TAG = NetworkAgentBinder.class.getSimpleName();
+
+        private final Handler mHandler;
+
+        private NetworkAgentBinder(Handler handler) {
+            mHandler = handler;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onRegistered(@NonNull INetworkAgentRegistry registry) {
+            mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_AGENT_CONNECTED, registry));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onDisconnected() {
+            mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_AGENT_DISCONNECTED));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onBandwidthUpdateRequested() {
+            mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(CMD_REQUEST_BANDWIDTH_UPDATE));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onValidationStatusChanged(
+                int validationStatus, @Nullable String captivePortalUrl) {
+            // TODO: consider using a parcelable as argument when the interface is structured
+            Bundle redirectUrlBundle = new Bundle();
+            redirectUrlBundle.putString(NetworkAgent.REDIRECT_URL_KEY, captivePortalUrl);
+            mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(CMD_REPORT_NETWORK_STATUS,
+                    validationStatus, 0, redirectUrlBundle));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onSaveAcceptUnvalidated(boolean acceptUnvalidated) {
+            mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(CMD_SAVE_ACCEPT_UNVALIDATED,
+                    acceptUnvalidated ? 1 : 0, 0));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onStartNattSocketKeepalive(int slot, int intervalDurationMs,
+                @NonNull NattKeepalivePacketData packetData) {
+            mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(CMD_START_SOCKET_KEEPALIVE,
+                    slot, intervalDurationMs, packetData));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onStartTcpSocketKeepalive(int slot, int intervalDurationMs,
+                @NonNull TcpKeepalivePacketData packetData) {
+            mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(CMD_START_SOCKET_KEEPALIVE,
+                    slot, intervalDurationMs, packetData));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onStopSocketKeepalive(int slot) {
+            mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(CMD_STOP_SOCKET_KEEPALIVE, slot, 0));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onSignalStrengthThresholdsUpdated(@NonNull int[] thresholds) {
+            mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(
+                    CMD_SET_SIGNAL_STRENGTH_THRESHOLDS, thresholds));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onPreventAutomaticReconnect() {
+            mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(CMD_PREVENT_AUTOMATIC_RECONNECT));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onAddNattKeepalivePacketFilter(int slot,
+                @NonNull NattKeepalivePacketData packetData) {
+            mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(CMD_ADD_KEEPALIVE_PACKET_FILTER,
+                    slot, 0, packetData));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onAddTcpKeepalivePacketFilter(int slot,
+                @NonNull TcpKeepalivePacketData packetData) {
+            mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(CMD_ADD_KEEPALIVE_PACKET_FILTER,
+                    slot, 0, packetData));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onRemoveKeepalivePacketFilter(int slot) {
+            mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(CMD_REMOVE_KEEPALIVE_PACKET_FILTER,
+                    slot, 0));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onQosFilterCallbackRegistered(final int qosCallbackId,
+                final QosFilterParcelable qosFilterParcelable) {
+            if (qosFilterParcelable.getQosFilter() != null) {
+                mHandler.sendMessage(
+                        mHandler.obtainMessage(CMD_REGISTER_QOS_CALLBACK, qosCallbackId, 0,
+                                qosFilterParcelable.getQosFilter()));
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Log.wtf(LOG_TAG, "onQosFilterCallbackRegistered: qos filter is null.");
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onQosCallbackUnregistered(final int qosCallbackId) {
+            mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(
+                    CMD_UNREGISTER_QOS_CALLBACK, qosCallbackId, 0, null));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onNetworkCreated() {
+            mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(CMD_NETWORK_CREATED));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onNetworkDestroyed() {
+            mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(CMD_NETWORK_DESTROYED));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onDscpPolicyStatusUpdated(final int policyId,
+                @DscpPolicyStatus final int status) {
+            mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(
+                    CMD_DSCP_POLICY_STATUS, policyId, status));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register this network agent with a testing harness.
+     *
+     * The returned Messenger sends messages to the Handler. This allows a test to send
+     * this object {@code CMD_*} messages as if they came from ConnectivityService, which
+     * is useful for testing the behavior.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public INetworkAgent registerForTest(final Network network) {
+        log("Registering NetworkAgent for test");
+        synchronized (mRegisterLock) {
+            mNetwork = network;
+            mInitialConfiguration = null;
+        }
+        return new NetworkAgentBinder(mHandler);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Waits for the handler to be idle.
+     * This is useful for testing, and has smaller scope than an accessor to mHandler.
+     * TODO : move the implementation in common library with the tests
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public boolean waitForIdle(final long timeoutMs) {
+        final ConditionVariable cv = new ConditionVariable(false);
+        mHandler.post(cv::open);
+        return cv.block(timeoutMs);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return The Network associated with this agent, or null if it's not registered yet.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public Network getNetwork() {
+        return mNetwork;
+    }
+
+    private void queueOrSendMessage(@NonNull RegistryAction action) {
+        synchronized (mPreConnectedQueue) {
+            if (mRegistry != null) {
+                try {
+                    action.execute(mRegistry);
+                } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                    Log.wtf(LOG_TAG, "Error executing registry action", e);
+                    // Fall through: the channel is asynchronous and does not report errors back
+                }
+            } else {
+                mPreConnectedQueue.add(action);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Must be called by the agent when the network's {@link LinkProperties} change.
+     * @param linkProperties the new LinkProperties.
+     */
+    public final void sendLinkProperties(@NonNull LinkProperties linkProperties) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(linkProperties);
+        final LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties(linkProperties);
+        queueOrSendMessage(reg -> reg.sendLinkProperties(lp));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Must be called by the agent when the network's underlying networks change.
+     *
+     * <p>{@code networks} is one of the following:
+     * <ul>
+     * <li><strong>a non-empty array</strong>: an array of one or more {@link Network}s, in
+     * decreasing preference order. For example, if this VPN uses both wifi and mobile (cellular)
+     * networks to carry app traffic, but prefers or uses wifi more than mobile, wifi should appear
+     * first in the array.</li>
+     * <li><strong>an empty array</strong>: a zero-element array, meaning that the VPN has no
+     * underlying network connection, and thus, app traffic will not be sent or received.</li>
+     * <li><strong>null</strong>: (default) signifies that the VPN uses whatever is the system's
+     * default network. I.e., it doesn't use the {@code bindSocket} or {@code bindDatagramSocket}
+     * APIs mentioned above to send traffic over specific channels.</li>
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * @param underlyingNetworks the new list of underlying networks.
+     * @see {@link VpnService.Builder#setUnderlyingNetworks(Network[])}
+     */
+    public final void setUnderlyingNetworks(
+            @SuppressLint("NullableCollection") @Nullable List<Network> underlyingNetworks) {
+        final ArrayList<Network> underlyingArray = (underlyingNetworks != null)
+                ? new ArrayList<>(underlyingNetworks) : null;
+        queueOrSendMessage(reg -> reg.sendUnderlyingNetworks(underlyingArray));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Inform ConnectivityService that this agent has now connected.
+     * Call {@link #unregister} to disconnect.
+     */
+    public void markConnected() {
+        mNetworkInfo.setDetailedState(NetworkInfo.DetailedState.CONNECTED, null /* reason */,
+                mNetworkInfo.getExtraInfo());
+        queueOrSendNetworkInfo(mNetworkInfo);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unregister this network agent.
+     *
+     * This signals the network has disconnected and ends its lifecycle. After this is called,
+     * the network is torn down and this agent can no longer be used.
+     */
+    public void unregister() {
+        // When unregistering an agent nobody should use the extrainfo (or reason) any more.
+        mNetworkInfo.setDetailedState(NetworkInfo.DetailedState.DISCONNECTED, null /* reason */,
+                null /* extraInfo */);
+        queueOrSendNetworkInfo(mNetworkInfo);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the value of the teardown delay.
+     *
+     * The teardown delay is the time between when the network disconnects and when the native
+     * network corresponding to this {@code NetworkAgent} is destroyed. By default, the native
+     * network is destroyed immediately. If {@code teardownDelayMs} is non-zero, then when this
+     * network disconnects, the system will instead immediately mark the network as restricted
+     * and unavailable to unprivileged apps, but will defer destroying the native network until the
+     * teardown delay timer expires.
+     *
+     * The interfaces in use by this network will remain in use until the native network is
+     * destroyed and cannot be reused until {@link #onNetworkDestroyed()} is called.
+     *
+     * This method may be called at any time while the network is connected. It has no effect if
+     * the network is already disconnected and the teardown delay timer is running.
+     *
+     * @param teardownDelayMillis the teardown delay to set, or 0 to disable teardown delay.
+     */
+    public void setTeardownDelayMillis(
+            @IntRange(from = 0, to = MAX_TEARDOWN_DELAY_MS) int teardownDelayMillis) {
+        queueOrSendMessage(reg -> reg.sendTeardownDelayMs(teardownDelayMillis));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates that this agent will likely soon be replaced by another agent for a very similar
+     * network (e.g., same Wi-Fi SSID).
+     *
+     * If the network is not currently satisfying any {@link NetworkRequest}s, it will be torn down.
+     * If it is satisfying requests, then the native network corresponding to the agent will be
+     * destroyed immediately, but the agent will remain registered and will continue to satisfy
+     * requests until {@link #unregister} is called, the network is replaced by an equivalent or
+     * better network, or the specified timeout expires. During this time:
+     *
+     * <ul>
+     * <li>The agent may not send any further updates, for example by calling methods
+     *    such as {@link #sendNetworkCapabilities}, {@link #sendLinkProperties},
+     *    {@link #sendNetworkScore(NetworkScore)} and so on. Any such updates will be ignored.
+     * <li>The network will remain connected and continue to satisfy any requests that it would
+     *    otherwise satisfy (including, possibly, the default request).
+     * <li>The validation state of the network will not change, and calls to
+     *    {@link ConnectivityManager#reportNetworkConnectivity(Network, boolean)} will be ignored.
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * Once this method is called, it is not possible to restore the agent to a functioning state.
+     * If a replacement network becomes available, then a new agent must be registered. When that
+     * replacement network is fully capable of replacing this network (including, possibly, being
+     * validated), this agent will no longer be needed and will be torn down. Otherwise, this agent
+     * can be disconnected by calling {@link #unregister}. If {@link #unregister} is not called,
+     * this agent will automatically be unregistered when the specified timeout expires. Any
+     * teardown delay previously set using{@link #setTeardownDelayMillis} is ignored.
+     *
+     * <p>This method has no effect if {@link #markConnected} has not yet been called.
+     * <p>This method may only be called once.
+     *
+     * @param timeoutMillis the timeout after which this network will be unregistered even if
+     *                      {@link #unregister} was not called.
+     */
+    public void destroyAndAwaitReplacement(
+            @IntRange(from = 0, to = MAX_TEARDOWN_DELAY_MS) int timeoutMillis) {
+        queueOrSendMessage(reg -> reg.sendDestroyAndAwaitReplacement(timeoutMillis));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Change the legacy subtype of this network agent.
+     *
+     * This is only for backward compatibility and should not be used by non-legacy network agents,
+     * or agents that did not use to set a subtype. As such, only TYPE_MOBILE type agents can use
+     * this and others will be thrown an exception if they try.
+     *
+     * @deprecated this is for backward compatibility only.
+     * @param legacySubtype the legacy subtype.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    @SystemApi
+    public void setLegacySubtype(final int legacySubtype, @NonNull final String legacySubtypeName) {
+        mNetworkInfo.setSubtype(legacySubtype, legacySubtypeName);
+        queueOrSendNetworkInfo(mNetworkInfo);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the ExtraInfo of this network agent.
+     *
+     * This sets the ExtraInfo field inside the NetworkInfo returned by legacy public API and the
+     * broadcasts about the corresponding Network.
+     * This is only for backward compatibility and should not be used by non-legacy network agents,
+     * who will be thrown an exception if they try. The extra info should only be :
+     * <ul>
+     *   <li>For cellular agents, the APN name.</li>
+     *   <li>For ethernet agents, the interface name.</li>
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * @deprecated this is for backward compatibility only.
+     * @param extraInfo the ExtraInfo.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public void setLegacyExtraInfo(@Nullable final String extraInfo) {
+        mNetworkInfo.setExtraInfo(extraInfo);
+        queueOrSendNetworkInfo(mNetworkInfo);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Must be called by the agent when it has a new NetworkInfo object.
+     * @hide TODO: expose something better.
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.P, trackingBug = 115609023)
+    public final void sendNetworkInfo(NetworkInfo networkInfo) {
+        queueOrSendNetworkInfo(new NetworkInfo(networkInfo));
+    }
+
+    private void queueOrSendNetworkInfo(NetworkInfo networkInfo) {
+        queueOrSendMessage(reg -> reg.sendNetworkInfo(networkInfo));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Must be called by the agent when the network's {@link NetworkCapabilities} change.
+     * @param networkCapabilities the new NetworkCapabilities.
+     */
+    public final void sendNetworkCapabilities(@NonNull NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(networkCapabilities);
+        mBandwidthUpdatePending.set(false);
+        mLastBwRefreshTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc =
+                new NetworkCapabilities(networkCapabilities, NetworkCapabilities.REDACT_NONE);
+        queueOrSendMessage(reg -> reg.sendNetworkCapabilities(nc));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Must be called by the agent to update the score of this network.
+     *
+     * @param score the new score.
+     */
+    public final void sendNetworkScore(@NonNull NetworkScore score) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(score);
+        queueOrSendMessage(reg -> reg.sendScore(score));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Must be called by the agent to update the score of this network.
+     *
+     * @param score the new score, between 0 and 99.
+     * deprecated use sendNetworkScore(NetworkScore) TODO : remove in S.
+     */
+    public final void sendNetworkScore(@IntRange(from = 0, to = 99) int score) {
+        sendNetworkScore(new NetworkScore.Builder().setLegacyInt(score).build());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Must be called by the agent to indicate this network was manually selected by the user.
+     * This should be called before the NetworkInfo is marked CONNECTED so that this
+     * Network can be given special treatment at that time. If {@code acceptUnvalidated} is
+     * {@code true}, then the system will switch to this network. If it is {@code false} and the
+     * network cannot be validated, the system will ask the user whether to switch to this network.
+     * If the user confirms and selects "don't ask again", then the system will call
+     * {@link #saveAcceptUnvalidated} to persist the user's choice. Thus, if the transport ever
+     * calls this method with {@code acceptUnvalidated} set to {@code false}, it must also implement
+     * {@link #saveAcceptUnvalidated} to respect the user's choice.
+     * @hide should move to NetworkAgentConfig.
+     */
+    public void explicitlySelected(boolean acceptUnvalidated) {
+        explicitlySelected(true /* explicitlySelected */, acceptUnvalidated);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Must be called by the agent to indicate whether the network was manually selected by the
+     * user. This should be called before the network becomes connected, so it can be given
+     * special treatment when it does.
+     *
+     * If {@code explicitlySelected} is {@code true}, and {@code acceptUnvalidated} is {@code true},
+     * then the system will switch to this network. If {@code explicitlySelected} is {@code true}
+     * and {@code acceptUnvalidated} is {@code false}, and the  network cannot be validated, the
+     * system will ask the user whether to switch to this network.  If the user confirms and selects
+     * "don't ask again", then the system will call {@link #saveAcceptUnvalidated} to persist the
+     * user's choice. Thus, if the transport ever calls this method with {@code explicitlySelected}
+     * set to {@code true} and {@code acceptUnvalidated} set to {@code false}, it must also
+     * implement {@link #saveAcceptUnvalidated} to respect the user's choice.
+     *
+     * If  {@code explicitlySelected} is {@code false} and {@code acceptUnvalidated} is
+     * {@code true}, the system will interpret this as the user having accepted partial connectivity
+     * on this network. Thus, the system will switch to the network and consider it validated even
+     * if it only provides partial connectivity, but the network is not otherwise treated specially.
+     * @hide should move to NetworkAgentConfig.
+     */
+    public void explicitlySelected(boolean explicitlySelected, boolean acceptUnvalidated) {
+        queueOrSendMessage(reg -> reg.sendExplicitlySelected(
+                explicitlySelected, acceptUnvalidated));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called when ConnectivityService has indicated they no longer want this network.
+     * The parent factory should (previously) have received indication of the change
+     * as well, either canceling NetworkRequests or altering their score such that this
+     * network won't be immediately requested again.
+     */
+    public void onNetworkUnwanted() {
+        unwanted();
+    }
+    /** @hide TODO delete once subclasses have moved to onNetworkUnwanted. */
+    protected void unwanted() {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called when ConnectivityService request a bandwidth update. The parent factory
+     * shall try to overwrite this method and produce a bandwidth update if capable.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public void onBandwidthUpdateRequested() {
+        pollLceData();
+    }
+    /** @hide TODO delete once subclasses have moved to onBandwidthUpdateRequested. */
+    protected void pollLceData() {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called when the system determines the usefulness of this network.
+     *
+     * The system attempts to validate Internet connectivity on networks that provide the
+     * {@link NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET} capability.
+     *
+     * Currently there are two possible values:
+     * {@code VALIDATION_STATUS_VALID} if Internet connectivity was validated,
+     * {@code VALIDATION_STATUS_NOT_VALID} if Internet connectivity was not validated.
+     *
+     * This is guaranteed to be called again when the network status changes, but the system
+     * may also call this multiple times even if the status does not change.
+     *
+     * @param status one of {@code VALIDATION_STATUS_VALID} or {@code VALIDATION_STATUS_NOT_VALID}.
+     * @param redirectUri If Internet connectivity is being redirected (e.g., on a captive portal),
+     *        this is the destination the probes are being redirected to, otherwise {@code null}.
+     */
+    public void onValidationStatus(@ValidationStatus int status, @Nullable Uri redirectUri) {
+        networkStatus(status, null == redirectUri ? "" : redirectUri.toString());
+    }
+    /** @hide TODO delete once subclasses have moved to onValidationStatus */
+    protected void networkStatus(int status, String redirectUrl) {
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Called when the user asks to remember the choice to use this network even if unvalidated.
+     * The transport is responsible for remembering the choice, and the next time the user connects
+     * to the network, should explicitlySelected with {@code acceptUnvalidated} set to {@code true}.
+     * This method will only be called if {@link #explicitlySelected} was called with
+     * {@code acceptUnvalidated} set to {@code false}.
+     * @param accept whether the user wants to use the network even if unvalidated.
+     */
+    public void onSaveAcceptUnvalidated(boolean accept) {
+        saveAcceptUnvalidated(accept);
+    }
+    /** @hide TODO delete once subclasses have moved to onSaveAcceptUnvalidated */
+    protected void saveAcceptUnvalidated(boolean accept) {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called when ConnectivityService has successfully created this NetworkAgent's native network.
+     */
+    public void onNetworkCreated() {}
+
+
+    /**
+     * Called when ConnectivityService has successfully destroy this NetworkAgent's native network.
+     */
+    public void onNetworkDestroyed() {}
+
+    /**
+     * Called when when the DSCP Policy status has changed.
+     */
+    public void onDscpPolicyStatusUpdated(int policyId, @DscpPolicyStatus int status) {}
+
+    /**
+     * Requests that the network hardware send the specified packet at the specified interval.
+     *
+     * @param slot the hardware slot on which to start the keepalive.
+     * @param interval the interval between packets, between 10 and 3600. Note that this API
+     *                 does not support sub-second precision and will round off the request.
+     * @param packet the packet to send.
+     */
+    // seconds is from SocketKeepalive.MIN_INTERVAL_SEC to MAX_INTERVAL_SEC, but these should
+    // not be exposed as constants because they may change in the future (API guideline 4.8)
+    // and should have getters if exposed at all. Getters can't be used in the annotation,
+    // so the values unfortunately need to be copied.
+    public void onStartSocketKeepalive(int slot, @NonNull Duration interval,
+            @NonNull KeepalivePacketData packet) {
+        final long intervalSeconds = interval.getSeconds();
+        if (intervalSeconds < SocketKeepalive.MIN_INTERVAL_SEC
+                || intervalSeconds > SocketKeepalive.MAX_INTERVAL_SEC) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Interval needs to be comprised between "
+                    + SocketKeepalive.MIN_INTERVAL_SEC + " and " + SocketKeepalive.MAX_INTERVAL_SEC
+                    + " but was " + intervalSeconds);
+        }
+        final Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(CMD_START_SOCKET_KEEPALIVE, slot,
+                (int) intervalSeconds, packet);
+        startSocketKeepalive(msg);
+        msg.recycle();
+    }
+    /** @hide TODO delete once subclasses have moved to onStartSocketKeepalive */
+    protected void startSocketKeepalive(Message msg) {
+        onSocketKeepaliveEvent(msg.arg1, SocketKeepalive.ERROR_UNSUPPORTED);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Requests that the network hardware stop a previously-started keepalive.
+     *
+     * @param slot the hardware slot on which to stop the keepalive.
+     */
+    public void onStopSocketKeepalive(int slot) {
+        Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(CMD_STOP_SOCKET_KEEPALIVE, slot, 0, null);
+        stopSocketKeepalive(msg);
+        msg.recycle();
+    }
+    /** @hide TODO delete once subclasses have moved to onStopSocketKeepalive */
+    protected void stopSocketKeepalive(Message msg) {
+        onSocketKeepaliveEvent(msg.arg1, SocketKeepalive.ERROR_UNSUPPORTED);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Must be called by the agent when a socket keepalive event occurs.
+     *
+     * @param slot the hardware slot on which the event occurred.
+     * @param event the event that occurred, as one of the SocketKeepalive.ERROR_*
+     *              or SocketKeepalive.SUCCESS constants.
+     */
+    public final void sendSocketKeepaliveEvent(int slot,
+            @SocketKeepalive.KeepaliveEvent int event) {
+        queueOrSendMessage(reg -> reg.sendSocketKeepaliveEvent(slot, event));
+    }
+    /** @hide TODO delete once callers have moved to sendSocketKeepaliveEvent */
+    public void onSocketKeepaliveEvent(int slot, int reason) {
+        sendSocketKeepaliveEvent(slot, reason);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called by ConnectivityService to add specific packet filter to network hardware to block
+     * replies (e.g., TCP ACKs) matching the sent keepalive packets. Implementations that support
+     * this feature must override this method.
+     *
+     * @param slot the hardware slot on which the keepalive should be sent.
+     * @param packet the packet that is being sent.
+     */
+    public void onAddKeepalivePacketFilter(int slot, @NonNull KeepalivePacketData packet) {
+        Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(CMD_ADD_KEEPALIVE_PACKET_FILTER, slot, 0, packet);
+        addKeepalivePacketFilter(msg);
+        msg.recycle();
+    }
+    /** @hide TODO delete once subclasses have moved to onAddKeepalivePacketFilter */
+    protected void addKeepalivePacketFilter(Message msg) {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called by ConnectivityService to remove a packet filter installed with
+     * {@link #addKeepalivePacketFilter(Message)}. Implementations that support this feature
+     * must override this method.
+     *
+     * @param slot the hardware slot on which the keepalive is being sent.
+     */
+    public void onRemoveKeepalivePacketFilter(int slot) {
+        Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(CMD_REMOVE_KEEPALIVE_PACKET_FILTER, slot, 0, null);
+        removeKeepalivePacketFilter(msg);
+        msg.recycle();
+    }
+    /** @hide TODO delete once subclasses have moved to onRemoveKeepalivePacketFilter */
+    protected void removeKeepalivePacketFilter(Message msg) {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called by ConnectivityService to inform this network agent of signal strength thresholds
+     * that when crossed should trigger a system wakeup and a NetworkCapabilities update.
+     *
+     * When the system updates the list of thresholds that should wake up the CPU for a
+     * given agent it will call this method on the agent. The agent that implement this
+     * should implement it in hardware so as to ensure the CPU will be woken up on breach.
+     * Agents are expected to react to a breach by sending an updated NetworkCapabilities
+     * object with the appropriate signal strength to sendNetworkCapabilities.
+     *
+     * The specific units are bearer-dependent. See details on the units and requests in
+     * {@link NetworkCapabilities.Builder#setSignalStrength}.
+     *
+     * @param thresholds the array of thresholds that should trigger wakeups.
+     */
+    public void onSignalStrengthThresholdsUpdated(@NonNull int[] thresholds) {
+        setSignalStrengthThresholds(thresholds);
+    }
+    /** @hide TODO delete once subclasses have moved to onSetSignalStrengthThresholds */
+    protected void setSignalStrengthThresholds(int[] thresholds) {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called when the user asks to not stay connected to this network because it was found to not
+     * provide Internet access.  Usually followed by call to {@code unwanted}.  The transport is
+     * responsible for making sure the device does not automatically reconnect to the same network
+     * after the {@code unwanted} call.
+     */
+    public void onAutomaticReconnectDisabled() {
+        preventAutomaticReconnect();
+    }
+    /** @hide TODO delete once subclasses have moved to onAutomaticReconnectDisabled */
+    protected void preventAutomaticReconnect() {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called when a qos callback is registered with a filter.
+     * @param qosCallbackId the id for the callback registered
+     * @param filter the filter being registered
+     */
+    public void onQosCallbackRegistered(final int qosCallbackId, final @NonNull QosFilter filter) {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called when a qos callback is registered with a filter.
+     * <p/>
+     * Any QoS events that are sent with the same callback id after this method is called
+     * are a no-op.
+     *
+     * @param qosCallbackId the id for the callback being unregistered
+     */
+    public void onQosCallbackUnregistered(final int qosCallbackId) {
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Sends the attributes of Qos Session back to the Application
+     *
+     * @param qosCallbackId the callback id that the session belongs to
+     * @param sessionId the unique session id across all Qos Sessions
+     * @param attributes the attributes of the Qos Session
+     */
+    public final void sendQosSessionAvailable(final int qosCallbackId, final int sessionId,
+            @NonNull final QosSessionAttributes attributes) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(attributes, "The attributes must be non-null");
+        if (attributes instanceof EpsBearerQosSessionAttributes) {
+            queueOrSendMessage(ra -> ra.sendEpsQosSessionAvailable(qosCallbackId,
+                    new QosSession(sessionId, QosSession.TYPE_EPS_BEARER),
+                    (EpsBearerQosSessionAttributes)attributes));
+        } else if (attributes instanceof NrQosSessionAttributes) {
+            queueOrSendMessage(ra -> ra.sendNrQosSessionAvailable(qosCallbackId,
+                    new QosSession(sessionId, QosSession.TYPE_NR_BEARER),
+                    (NrQosSessionAttributes)attributes));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sends event that the Qos Session was lost.
+     *
+     * @param qosCallbackId the callback id that the session belongs to
+     * @param sessionId the unique session id across all Qos Sessions
+     * @param qosSessionType the session type {@code QosSesson#QosSessionType}
+     */
+    public final void sendQosSessionLost(final int qosCallbackId,
+            final int sessionId, final int qosSessionType) {
+        queueOrSendMessage(ra -> ra.sendQosSessionLost(qosCallbackId,
+                new QosSession(sessionId, qosSessionType)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sends the exception type back to the application.
+     *
+     * The NetworkAgent should not send anymore messages with this id.
+     *
+     * @param qosCallbackId the callback id this exception belongs to
+     * @param exceptionType the type of exception
+     */
+    public final void sendQosCallbackError(final int qosCallbackId,
+            @QosCallbackException.ExceptionType final int exceptionType) {
+        queueOrSendMessage(ra -> ra.sendQosCallbackError(qosCallbackId, exceptionType));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the linger duration for this network agent.
+     * @param duration the delay between the moment the network becomes unneeded and the
+     *                 moment the network is disconnected or moved into the background.
+     *                 Note that If this duration has greater than millisecond precision, then
+     *                 the internal implementation will drop any excess precision.
+     */
+    public void setLingerDuration(@NonNull final Duration duration) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(duration);
+        final long durationMs = duration.toMillis();
+        if (durationMs < MIN_LINGER_TIMER_MS || durationMs > Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Duration must be within ["
+                    + MIN_LINGER_TIMER_MS + "," + Integer.MAX_VALUE + "]ms");
+        }
+        queueOrSendMessage(ra -> ra.sendLingerDuration((int) durationMs));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add a DSCP Policy.
+     * @param policy the DSCP policy to be added.
+     */
+    public void sendAddDscpPolicy(@NonNull final DscpPolicy policy) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(policy);
+        queueOrSendMessage(ra -> ra.sendAddDscpPolicy(policy));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove the specified DSCP policy.
+     * @param policyId the ID corresponding to a specific DSCP Policy.
+     */
+    public void sendRemoveDscpPolicy(final int policyId) {
+        queueOrSendMessage(ra -> ra.sendRemoveDscpPolicy(policyId));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove all the DSCP policies on this network.
+     */
+    public void sendRemoveAllDscpPolicies() {
+        queueOrSendMessage(ra -> ra.sendRemoveAllDscpPolicies());
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    protected void log(final String s) {
+        Log.d(LOG_TAG, "NetworkAgent: " + s);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgentConfig.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgentConfig.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b28c006
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgentConfig.java
@@ -0,0 +1,585 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.annotation.SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Allows a network transport to provide the system with policy and configuration information about
+ * a particular network when registering a {@link NetworkAgent}. This information cannot change once the agent is registered.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi
+public final class NetworkAgentConfig implements Parcelable {
+    // TODO : make this object immutable. The fields that should stay mutable should likely
+    // migrate to NetworkAgentInfo.
+
+    /**
+     * If the {@link Network} is a VPN, whether apps are allowed to bypass the
+     * VPN. This is set by a {@link VpnService} and used by
+     * {@link ConnectivityManager} when creating a VPN.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean allowBypass;
+
+    /**
+     * Set if the network was manually/explicitly connected to by the user either from settings
+     * or a 3rd party app.  For example, turning on cell data is not explicit but tapping on a wifi
+     * ap in the wifi settings to trigger a connection is explicit.  A 3rd party app asking to
+     * connect to a particular access point is also explicit, though this may change in the future
+     * as we want apps to use the multinetwork apis.
+     * TODO : this is a bad name, because it sounds like the user just tapped on the network.
+     * It's not necessarily the case ; auto-reconnection to WiFi has this true for example.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean explicitlySelected;
+
+    /**
+     * @return whether this network was explicitly selected by the user.
+     */
+    public boolean isExplicitlySelected() {
+        return explicitlySelected;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return whether this VPN connection can be bypassed by the apps.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public boolean isBypassableVpn() {
+        return allowBypass;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set if the user desires to use this network even if it is unvalidated. This field has meaning
+     * only if {@link explicitlySelected} is true. If it is, this field must also be set to the
+     * appropriate value based on previous user choice.
+     *
+     * TODO : rename this field to match its accessor
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean acceptUnvalidated;
+
+    /**
+     * @return whether the system should accept this network even if it doesn't validate.
+     */
+    public boolean isUnvalidatedConnectivityAcceptable() {
+        return acceptUnvalidated;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Whether the user explicitly set that this network should be validated even if presence of
+     * only partial internet connectivity.
+     *
+     * TODO : rename this field to match its accessor
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean acceptPartialConnectivity;
+
+    /**
+     * @return whether the system should validate this network even if it only offers partial
+     *     Internet connectivity.
+     */
+    public boolean isPartialConnectivityAcceptable() {
+        return acceptPartialConnectivity;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set to avoid surfacing the "Sign in to network" notification.
+     * if carrier receivers/apps are registered to handle the carrier-specific provisioning
+     * procedure, a carrier specific provisioning notification will be placed.
+     * only one notification should be displayed. This field is set based on
+     * which notification should be used for provisioning.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean provisioningNotificationDisabled;
+
+    /**
+     *
+     * @return whether the sign in to network notification is enabled by this configuration.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean isProvisioningNotificationEnabled() {
+        return !provisioningNotificationDisabled;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * For mobile networks, this is the subscriber ID (such as IMSI).
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public String subscriberId;
+
+    /**
+     * @return the subscriber ID, or null if none.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @Nullable
+    public String getSubscriberId() {
+        return subscriberId;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set to skip 464xlat. This means the device will treat the network as IPv6-only and
+     * will not attempt to detect a NAT64 via RFC 7050 DNS lookups.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean skip464xlat;
+
+    /**
+     * @return whether NAT64 prefix detection is enabled.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean isNat64DetectionEnabled() {
+        return !skip464xlat;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The legacy type of this network agent, or TYPE_NONE if unset.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public int legacyType = ConnectivityManager.TYPE_NONE;
+
+    /**
+     * @return the legacy type
+     */
+    @ConnectivityManager.LegacyNetworkType
+    public int getLegacyType() {
+        return legacyType;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The legacy Sub type of this network agent, or TYPE_NONE if unset.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public int legacySubType = ConnectivityManager.TYPE_NONE;
+
+    /**
+     * Set to true if the PRIVATE_DNS_BROKEN notification has shown for this network.
+     * Reset this bit when private DNS mode is changed from strict mode to opportunistic/off mode.
+     *
+     * This is not parceled, because it would not make sense.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public transient boolean hasShownBroken;
+
+    /**
+     * The name of the legacy network type. It's a free-form string used in logging.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public String legacyTypeName = "";
+
+    /**
+     * @return the name of the legacy network type. It's a free-form string used in logging.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public String getLegacyTypeName() {
+        return legacyTypeName;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The name of the legacy Sub network type. It's a free-form string.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public String legacySubTypeName = "";
+
+    /**
+     * The legacy extra info of the agent. The extra info should only be :
+     * <ul>
+     *   <li>For cellular agents, the APN name.</li>
+     *   <li>For ethernet agents, the interface name.</li>
+     * </ul>
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    private String mLegacyExtraInfo = "";
+
+    /**
+     * The legacy extra info of the agent.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public String getLegacyExtraInfo() {
+        return mLegacyExtraInfo;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If the {@link Network} is a VPN, whether the local traffic is exempted from the VPN.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean excludeLocalRouteVpn = false;
+
+    /**
+     * @return whether local traffic is excluded from the VPN network.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean areLocalRoutesExcludedForVpn() {
+        return excludeLocalRouteVpn;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Whether network validation should be performed for this VPN network.
+     * {@see #isVpnValidationRequired}
+     * @hide
+     */
+    private boolean mVpnRequiresValidation = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Whether network validation should be performed for this VPN network.
+     *
+     * If this network isn't a VPN this should always be {@code false}, and will be ignored
+     * if set.
+     * If this network is a VPN, false means this network should always be considered validated;
+     * true means it follows the same validation semantics as general internet networks.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public boolean isVpnValidationRequired() {
+        return mVpnRequiresValidation;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public NetworkAgentConfig() {
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public NetworkAgentConfig(@Nullable NetworkAgentConfig nac) {
+        if (nac != null) {
+            allowBypass = nac.allowBypass;
+            explicitlySelected = nac.explicitlySelected;
+            acceptUnvalidated = nac.acceptUnvalidated;
+            acceptPartialConnectivity = nac.acceptPartialConnectivity;
+            subscriberId = nac.subscriberId;
+            provisioningNotificationDisabled = nac.provisioningNotificationDisabled;
+            skip464xlat = nac.skip464xlat;
+            legacyType = nac.legacyType;
+            legacyTypeName = nac.legacyTypeName;
+            legacySubType = nac.legacySubType;
+            legacySubTypeName = nac.legacySubTypeName;
+            mLegacyExtraInfo = nac.mLegacyExtraInfo;
+            excludeLocalRouteVpn = nac.excludeLocalRouteVpn;
+            mVpnRequiresValidation = nac.mVpnRequiresValidation;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Builder class to facilitate constructing {@link NetworkAgentConfig} objects.
+     */
+    public static final class Builder {
+        private final NetworkAgentConfig mConfig = new NetworkAgentConfig();
+
+        /**
+         * Sets whether the network was explicitly selected by the user.
+         *
+         * @return this builder, to facilitate chaining.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setExplicitlySelected(final boolean explicitlySelected) {
+            mConfig.explicitlySelected = explicitlySelected;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sets whether the system should validate this network even if it is found not to offer
+         * Internet connectivity.
+         *
+         * @return this builder, to facilitate chaining.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setUnvalidatedConnectivityAcceptable(
+                final boolean unvalidatedConnectivityAcceptable) {
+            mConfig.acceptUnvalidated = unvalidatedConnectivityAcceptable;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sets whether the system should validate this network even if it is found to only offer
+         * partial Internet connectivity.
+         *
+         * @return this builder, to facilitate chaining.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setPartialConnectivityAcceptable(
+                final boolean partialConnectivityAcceptable) {
+            mConfig.acceptPartialConnectivity = partialConnectivityAcceptable;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sets the subscriber ID for this network.
+         *
+         * @return this builder, to facilitate chaining.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+        public Builder setSubscriberId(@Nullable String subscriberId) {
+            mConfig.subscriberId = subscriberId;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Enables or disables active detection of NAT64 (e.g., via RFC 7050 DNS lookups). Used to
+         * save power and reduce idle traffic on networks that are known to be IPv6-only without a
+         * NAT64. By default, NAT64 detection is enabled.
+         *
+         * @return this builder, to facilitate chaining.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setNat64DetectionEnabled(boolean enabled) {
+            mConfig.skip464xlat = !enabled;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Enables or disables the "Sign in to network" notification. Used if the network transport
+         * will perform its own carrier-specific provisioning procedure. By default, the
+         * notification is enabled.
+         *
+         * @return this builder, to facilitate chaining.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setProvisioningNotificationEnabled(boolean enabled) {
+            mConfig.provisioningNotificationDisabled = !enabled;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sets the legacy type for this network.
+         *
+         * @param legacyType the type
+         * @return this builder, to facilitate chaining.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setLegacyType(int legacyType) {
+            mConfig.legacyType = legacyType;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sets the legacy sub-type for this network.
+         *
+         * @param legacySubType the type
+         * @return this builder, to facilitate chaining.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setLegacySubType(final int legacySubType) {
+            mConfig.legacySubType = legacySubType;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sets the name of the legacy type of the agent. It's a free-form string used in logging.
+         * @param legacyTypeName the name
+         * @return this builder, to facilitate chaining.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setLegacyTypeName(@NonNull String legacyTypeName) {
+            mConfig.legacyTypeName = legacyTypeName;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sets the name of the legacy Sub-type of the agent. It's a free-form string.
+         * @param legacySubTypeName the name
+         * @return this builder, to facilitate chaining.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setLegacySubTypeName(@NonNull String legacySubTypeName) {
+            mConfig.legacySubTypeName = legacySubTypeName;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sets the legacy extra info of the agent.
+         * @param legacyExtraInfo the legacy extra info.
+         * @return this builder, to facilitate chaining.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setLegacyExtraInfo(@NonNull String legacyExtraInfo) {
+            mConfig.mLegacyExtraInfo = legacyExtraInfo;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sets whether network validation should be performed for this VPN network.
+         *
+         * Only agents registering a VPN network should use this setter. On other network
+         * types it will be ignored.
+         * False means this network should always be considered validated;
+         * true means it follows the same validation semantics as general internet.
+         *
+         * @param vpnRequiresValidation whether this VPN requires validation.
+         *                              Default is {@code false}.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+        public Builder setVpnRequiresValidation(boolean vpnRequiresValidation) {
+            mConfig.mVpnRequiresValidation = vpnRequiresValidation;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sets whether the apps can bypass the VPN connection.
+         *
+         * @return this builder, to facilitate chaining.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+        public Builder setBypassableVpn(boolean allowBypass) {
+            mConfig.allowBypass = allowBypass;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sets whether the local traffic is exempted from VPN.
+         *
+         * @return this builder, to facilitate chaining.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+        public Builder setLocalRoutesExcludedForVpn(boolean excludeLocalRoutes) {
+            mConfig.excludeLocalRouteVpn = excludeLocalRoutes;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Returns the constructed {@link NetworkAgentConfig} object.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public NetworkAgentConfig build() {
+            return mConfig;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(final Object o) {
+        if (this == o) return true;
+        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
+        final NetworkAgentConfig that = (NetworkAgentConfig) o;
+        return allowBypass == that.allowBypass
+                && explicitlySelected == that.explicitlySelected
+                && acceptUnvalidated == that.acceptUnvalidated
+                && acceptPartialConnectivity == that.acceptPartialConnectivity
+                && provisioningNotificationDisabled == that.provisioningNotificationDisabled
+                && skip464xlat == that.skip464xlat
+                && legacyType == that.legacyType
+                && Objects.equals(subscriberId, that.subscriberId)
+                && Objects.equals(legacyTypeName, that.legacyTypeName)
+                && Objects.equals(mLegacyExtraInfo, that.mLegacyExtraInfo)
+                && excludeLocalRouteVpn == that.excludeLocalRouteVpn
+                && mVpnRequiresValidation == that.mVpnRequiresValidation;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hash(allowBypass, explicitlySelected, acceptUnvalidated,
+                acceptPartialConnectivity, provisioningNotificationDisabled, subscriberId,
+                skip464xlat, legacyType, legacyTypeName, mLegacyExtraInfo, excludeLocalRouteVpn,
+                mVpnRequiresValidation);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "NetworkAgentConfig {"
+                + " allowBypass = " + allowBypass
+                + ", explicitlySelected = " + explicitlySelected
+                + ", acceptUnvalidated = " + acceptUnvalidated
+                + ", acceptPartialConnectivity = " + acceptPartialConnectivity
+                + ", provisioningNotificationDisabled = " + provisioningNotificationDisabled
+                + ", subscriberId = '" + subscriberId + '\''
+                + ", skip464xlat = " + skip464xlat
+                + ", legacyType = " + legacyType
+                + ", hasShownBroken = " + hasShownBroken
+                + ", legacyTypeName = '" + legacyTypeName + '\''
+                + ", legacyExtraInfo = '" + mLegacyExtraInfo + '\''
+                + ", excludeLocalRouteVpn = '" + excludeLocalRouteVpn + '\''
+                + ", vpnRequiresValidation = '" + mVpnRequiresValidation + '\''
+                + "}";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(@NonNull Parcel out, int flags) {
+        out.writeInt(allowBypass ? 1 : 0);
+        out.writeInt(explicitlySelected ? 1 : 0);
+        out.writeInt(acceptUnvalidated ? 1 : 0);
+        out.writeInt(acceptPartialConnectivity ? 1 : 0);
+        out.writeString(subscriberId);
+        out.writeInt(provisioningNotificationDisabled ? 1 : 0);
+        out.writeInt(skip464xlat ? 1 : 0);
+        out.writeInt(legacyType);
+        out.writeString(legacyTypeName);
+        out.writeInt(legacySubType);
+        out.writeString(legacySubTypeName);
+        out.writeString(mLegacyExtraInfo);
+        out.writeInt(excludeLocalRouteVpn ? 1 : 0);
+        out.writeInt(mVpnRequiresValidation ? 1 : 0);
+    }
+
+    public static final @NonNull Creator<NetworkAgentConfig> CREATOR =
+            new Creator<NetworkAgentConfig>() {
+        @Override
+        public NetworkAgentConfig createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+            NetworkAgentConfig networkAgentConfig = new NetworkAgentConfig();
+            networkAgentConfig.allowBypass = in.readInt() != 0;
+            networkAgentConfig.explicitlySelected = in.readInt() != 0;
+            networkAgentConfig.acceptUnvalidated = in.readInt() != 0;
+            networkAgentConfig.acceptPartialConnectivity = in.readInt() != 0;
+            networkAgentConfig.subscriberId = in.readString();
+            networkAgentConfig.provisioningNotificationDisabled = in.readInt() != 0;
+            networkAgentConfig.skip464xlat = in.readInt() != 0;
+            networkAgentConfig.legacyType = in.readInt();
+            networkAgentConfig.legacyTypeName = in.readString();
+            networkAgentConfig.legacySubType = in.readInt();
+            networkAgentConfig.legacySubTypeName = in.readString();
+            networkAgentConfig.mLegacyExtraInfo = in.readString();
+            networkAgentConfig.excludeLocalRouteVpn = in.readInt() != 0;
+            networkAgentConfig.mVpnRequiresValidation = in.readInt() != 0;
+            return networkAgentConfig;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public NetworkAgentConfig[] newArray(int size) {
+            return new NetworkAgentConfig[size];
+        }
+    };
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f7f2f57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
@@ -0,0 +1,3091 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting.Visibility.PRIVATE;
+
+import android.annotation.IntDef;
+import android.annotation.LongDef;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.RequiresPermission;
+import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+import android.os.Process;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
+import android.util.Range;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkCapabilitiesUtils;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.StringJoiner;
+
+/**
+ * Representation of the capabilities of an active network. Instances are
+ * typically obtained through
+ * {@link NetworkCallback#onCapabilitiesChanged(Network, NetworkCapabilities)}
+ * or {@link ConnectivityManager#getNetworkCapabilities(Network)}.
+ * <p>
+ * This replaces the old {@link ConnectivityManager#TYPE_MOBILE} method of
+ * network selection. Rather than indicate a need for Wi-Fi because an
+ * application needs high bandwidth and risk obsolescence when a new, fast
+ * network appears (like LTE), the application should specify it needs high
+ * bandwidth. Similarly if an application needs an unmetered network for a bulk
+ * transfer it can specify that rather than assuming all cellular based
+ * connections are metered and all Wi-Fi based connections are not.
+ */
+public final class NetworkCapabilities implements Parcelable {
+    private static final String TAG = "NetworkCapabilities";
+
+    /**
+     * Mechanism to support redaction of fields in NetworkCapabilities that are guarded by specific
+     * app permissions.
+     **/
+    /**
+     * Don't redact any fields since the receiving app holds all the necessary permissions.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final long REDACT_NONE = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Redact any fields that need {@link android.Manifest.permission#ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION}
+     * permission since the receiving app does not hold this permission or the location toggle
+     * is off.
+     *
+     * @see android.Manifest.permission#ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final long REDACT_FOR_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION = 1 << 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Redact any fields that need {@link android.Manifest.permission#LOCAL_MAC_ADDRESS}
+     * permission since the receiving app does not hold this permission.
+     *
+     * @see android.Manifest.permission#LOCAL_MAC_ADDRESS
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final long REDACT_FOR_LOCAL_MAC_ADDRESS = 1 << 1;
+
+    /**
+     *
+     * Redact any fields that need {@link android.Manifest.permission#NETWORK_SETTINGS}
+     * permission since the receiving app does not hold this permission.
+     *
+     * @see android.Manifest.permission#NETWORK_SETTINGS
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final long REDACT_FOR_NETWORK_SETTINGS = 1 << 2;
+
+    /**
+     * Redact all fields in this object that require any relevant permission.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final long REDACT_ALL = -1L;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @LongDef(flag = true, prefix = { "REDACT_" }, value = {
+            REDACT_NONE,
+            REDACT_FOR_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
+            REDACT_FOR_LOCAL_MAC_ADDRESS,
+            REDACT_FOR_NETWORK_SETTINGS,
+            REDACT_ALL
+    })
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    public @interface RedactionType {}
+
+    // Set to true when private DNS is broken.
+    private boolean mPrivateDnsBroken;
+
+    // Underlying networks, if any. VPNs and VCNs typically have underlying networks.
+    // This is an unmodifiable list and it will be returned as is in the getter.
+    @Nullable
+    private List<Network> mUnderlyingNetworks;
+
+    /**
+     * Uid of the app making the request.
+     */
+    private int mRequestorUid;
+
+    /**
+     * Package name of the app making the request.
+     */
+    private String mRequestorPackageName;
+
+    /**
+     * Enterprise capability identifier 1. It will be used to uniquely identify specific
+     * enterprise network.
+     */
+    public static final int NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1 = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * Enterprise capability identifier 2. It will be used to uniquely identify specific
+     * enterprise network.
+     */
+    public static final int NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_2 = 2;
+
+    /**
+     * Enterprise capability identifier 3. It will be used to uniquely identify specific
+     * enterprise network.
+     */
+    public static final int NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_3 = 3;
+
+    /**
+     * Enterprise capability identifier 4. It will be used to uniquely identify specific
+     * enterprise network.
+     */
+    public static final int NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_4 = 4;
+
+    /**
+     * Enterprise capability identifier 5. It will be used to uniquely identify specific
+     * enterprise network.
+     */
+    public static final int NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_5 = 5;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(prefix = { "NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL" }, value = {
+            NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1,
+            NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_2,
+            NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_3,
+            NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_4,
+            NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_5,
+    })
+
+    public @interface EnterpriseId {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Bitfield representing the network's enterprise capability identifier.  If any are specified
+     * they will be satisfied by any Network that matches all of them.
+     * {@see addEnterpriseId} for details on how masks are added
+     */
+    private int mEnterpriseId;
+
+    /**
+     * Get enteprise identifiers set.
+     *
+     * Get all the enterprise capabilities identifier set on this {@code NetworkCapability}
+     * If NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE is set and no enterprise ID is set, it is
+     * considered to have NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE by default.
+     * @return all the enterprise capabilities identifier set.
+     *
+     */
+    public @NonNull @EnterpriseId int[] getEnterpriseIds() {
+        if (hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE) && mEnterpriseId == 0) {
+            return new int[]{NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1};
+        }
+        return NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.unpackBits(mEnterpriseId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests for the presence of an enterprise capability identifier on this instance.
+     *
+     * If NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE is set and no enterprise ID is set, it is
+     * considered to have NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE by default.
+     * @param enterpriseId the enterprise capability identifier to be tested for.
+     * @return {@code true} if set on this instance.
+     */
+    public boolean hasEnterpriseId(
+            @EnterpriseId int enterpriseId) {
+        if (enterpriseId == NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1) {
+            if (hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE) && mEnterpriseId == 0) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return isValidEnterpriseId(enterpriseId)
+                && ((mEnterpriseId & (1L << enterpriseId)) != 0);
+    }
+
+    public NetworkCapabilities() {
+        clearAll();
+        mNetworkCapabilities = DEFAULT_CAPABILITIES;
+    }
+
+    public NetworkCapabilities(NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        this(nc, REDACT_NONE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Make a copy of NetworkCapabilities.
+     *
+     * @param nc Original NetworkCapabilities
+     * @param redactions bitmask of redactions that needs to be performed on this new instance of
+     *                   {@link NetworkCapabilities}.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public NetworkCapabilities(@Nullable NetworkCapabilities nc, @RedactionType long redactions) {
+        if (nc != null) {
+            set(nc);
+        }
+        if (mTransportInfo != null) {
+            mTransportInfo = nc.mTransportInfo.makeCopy(redactions);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Completely clears the contents of this object, removing even the capabilities that are set
+     * by default when the object is constructed.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void clearAll() {
+        mNetworkCapabilities = mTransportTypes = mForbiddenNetworkCapabilities = 0;
+        mLinkUpBandwidthKbps = mLinkDownBandwidthKbps = LINK_BANDWIDTH_UNSPECIFIED;
+        mNetworkSpecifier = null;
+        mTransportInfo = null;
+        mSignalStrength = SIGNAL_STRENGTH_UNSPECIFIED;
+        mUids = null;
+        mAllowedUids.clear();
+        mAdministratorUids = new int[0];
+        mOwnerUid = Process.INVALID_UID;
+        mSSID = null;
+        mPrivateDnsBroken = false;
+        mRequestorUid = Process.INVALID_UID;
+        mRequestorPackageName = null;
+        mSubIds = new ArraySet<>();
+        mUnderlyingNetworks = null;
+        mEnterpriseId = 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set all contents of this object to the contents of a NetworkCapabilities.
+     *
+     * @param nc Original NetworkCapabilities
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void set(@NonNull NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        mNetworkCapabilities = nc.mNetworkCapabilities;
+        mTransportTypes = nc.mTransportTypes;
+        mLinkUpBandwidthKbps = nc.mLinkUpBandwidthKbps;
+        mLinkDownBandwidthKbps = nc.mLinkDownBandwidthKbps;
+        mNetworkSpecifier = nc.mNetworkSpecifier;
+        if (nc.getTransportInfo() != null) {
+            setTransportInfo(nc.getTransportInfo());
+        } else {
+            setTransportInfo(null);
+        }
+        mSignalStrength = nc.mSignalStrength;
+        mUids = (nc.mUids == null) ? null : new ArraySet<>(nc.mUids);
+        setAllowedUids(nc.mAllowedUids);
+        setAdministratorUids(nc.getAdministratorUids());
+        mOwnerUid = nc.mOwnerUid;
+        mForbiddenNetworkCapabilities = nc.mForbiddenNetworkCapabilities;
+        mSSID = nc.mSSID;
+        mPrivateDnsBroken = nc.mPrivateDnsBroken;
+        mRequestorUid = nc.mRequestorUid;
+        mRequestorPackageName = nc.mRequestorPackageName;
+        mSubIds = new ArraySet<>(nc.mSubIds);
+        // mUnderlyingNetworks is an unmodifiable list if non-null, so a defensive copy is not
+        // necessary.
+        mUnderlyingNetworks = nc.mUnderlyingNetworks;
+        mEnterpriseId = nc.mEnterpriseId;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Represents the network's capabilities.  If any are specified they will be satisfied
+     * by any Network that matches all of them.
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    private long mNetworkCapabilities;
+
+    /**
+     * If any capabilities specified here they must not exist in the matching Network.
+     */
+    private long mForbiddenNetworkCapabilities;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(prefix = { "NET_CAPABILITY_" }, value = {
+            NET_CAPABILITY_MMS,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_SUPL,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_DUN,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_FOTA,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_IMS,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_CBS,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_WIFI_P2P,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_IA,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_RCS,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_XCAP,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_EIMS,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_MCX,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_VEHICLE_INTERNAL,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_VSIM,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_BIP,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_HEAD_UNIT,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_MMTEL,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_PRIORITIZE_LATENCY,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_PRIORITIZE_BANDWIDTH,
+    })
+    public @interface NetCapability { }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates this is a network that has the ability to reach the
+     * carrier's MMSC for sending and receiving MMS messages.
+     */
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_MMS            = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates this is a network that has the ability to reach the carrier's
+     * SUPL server, used to retrieve GPS information.
+     */
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_SUPL           = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates this is a network that has the ability to reach the carrier's
+     * DUN or tethering gateway.
+     */
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_DUN            = 2;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates this is a network that has the ability to reach the carrier's
+     * FOTA portal, used for over the air updates.
+     */
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_FOTA           = 3;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates this is a network that has the ability to reach the carrier's
+     * IMS servers, used for network registration and signaling.
+     */
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_IMS            = 4;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates this is a network that has the ability to reach the carrier's
+     * CBS servers, used for carrier specific services.
+     */
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_CBS            = 5;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates this is a network that has the ability to reach a Wi-Fi direct
+     * peer.
+     */
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_WIFI_P2P       = 6;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates this is a network that has the ability to reach a carrier's
+     * Initial Attach servers.
+     */
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_IA             = 7;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates this is a network that has the ability to reach a carrier's
+     * RCS servers, used for Rich Communication Services.
+     */
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_RCS            = 8;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates this is a network that has the ability to reach a carrier's
+     * XCAP servers, used for configuration and control.
+     */
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_XCAP           = 9;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates this is a network that has the ability to reach a carrier's
+     * Emergency IMS servers or other services, used for network signaling
+     * during emergency calls.
+     */
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_EIMS           = 10;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates that this network is unmetered.
+     */
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED    = 11;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates that this network should be able to reach the internet.
+     */
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET       = 12;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates that this network is available for general use.  If this is not set
+     * applications should not attempt to communicate on this network.  Note that this
+     * is simply informative and not enforcement - enforcement is handled via other means.
+     * Set by default.
+     */
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED = 13;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates that the user has indicated implicit trust of this network.  This
+     * generally means it's a sim-selected carrier, a plugged in ethernet, a paired
+     * BT device or a wifi the user asked to connect to.  Untrusted networks
+     * are probably limited to unknown wifi AP.  Set by default.
+     */
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED        = 14;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates that this network is not a VPN.  This capability is set by default and should be
+     * explicitly cleared for VPN networks.
+     */
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN        = 15;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates that connectivity on this network was successfully validated. For example, for a
+     * network with NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET, it means that Internet connectivity was successfully
+     * detected.
+     */
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED      = 16;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates that this network was found to have a captive portal in place last time it was
+     * probed.
+     */
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL = 17;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates that this network is not roaming.
+     */
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING = 18;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates that this network is available for use by apps, and not a network that is being
+     * kept up in the background to facilitate fast network switching.
+     */
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND = 19;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates that this network is not congested.
+     * <p>
+     * When a network is congested, applications should defer network traffic
+     * that can be done at a later time, such as uploading analytics.
+     */
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED = 20;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates that this network is not currently suspended.
+     * <p>
+     * When a network is suspended, the network's IP addresses and any connections
+     * established on the network remain valid, but the network is temporarily unable
+     * to transfer data. This can happen, for example, if a cellular network experiences
+     * a temporary loss of signal, such as when driving through a tunnel, etc.
+     * A network with this capability is not suspended, so is expected to be able to
+     * transfer data.
+     */
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED = 21;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates that traffic that goes through this network is paid by oem. For example,
+     * this network can be used by system apps to upload telemetry data.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID = 22;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates this is a network that has the ability to reach a carrier's Mission Critical
+     * servers.
+     */
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_MCX = 23;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates that this network was tested to only provide partial connectivity.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY = 24;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates that this network is temporarily unmetered.
+     * <p>
+     * This capability will be set for networks that are generally metered, but are currently
+     * unmetered, e.g., because the user is in a particular area. This capability can be changed at
+     * any time. When it is removed, applications are responsible for stopping any data transfer
+     * that should not occur on a metered network.
+     * Note that most apps should use {@link #NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED} instead. For more
+     * information, see https://developer.android.com/about/versions/11/features/5g#meteredness.
+     */
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED = 25;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates that this network is private to the OEM and meant only for OEM use.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE = 26;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates this is an internal vehicle network, meant to communicate with other
+     * automotive systems.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_VEHICLE_INTERNAL = 27;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates that this network is not subsumed by a Virtual Carrier Network (VCN).
+     * <p>
+     * To provide an experience on a VCN similar to a single traditional carrier network, in
+     * some cases the system sets this bit is set by default in application's network requests,
+     * and may choose to remove it at its own discretion when matching the request to a network.
+     * <p>
+     * Applications that want to know about a Virtual Carrier Network's underlying networks,
+     * for example to use them for multipath purposes, should remove this bit from their network
+     * requests ; the system will not add it back once removed.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED = 28;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates that this network is intended for enterprise use.
+     * <p>
+     * 5G URSP rules may indicate that all data should use a connection dedicated for enterprise
+     * use. If the enterprise capability is requested, all enterprise traffic will be routed over
+     * the connection with this capability.
+     */
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE = 29;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates that this network has ability to access the carrier's Virtual Sim service.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_VSIM = 30;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates that this network has ability to support Bearer Independent Protol.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_BIP = 31;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates that this network is connected to an automotive head unit.
+     */
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_HEAD_UNIT = 32;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates that this network has ability to support MMTEL (Multimedia Telephony service).
+     */
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_MMTEL = 33;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates that this network should be able to prioritize latency for the internet.
+     */
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_PRIORITIZE_LATENCY = 34;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates that this network should be able to prioritize bandwidth for the internet.
+     */
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_PRIORITIZE_BANDWIDTH = 35;
+
+    private static final int MIN_NET_CAPABILITY = NET_CAPABILITY_MMS;
+    private static final int MAX_NET_CAPABILITY = NET_CAPABILITY_PRIORITIZE_BANDWIDTH;
+
+    /**
+     * Network capabilities that are expected to be mutable, i.e., can change while a particular
+     * network is connected.
+     */
+    private static final long MUTABLE_CAPABILITIES = NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.packBitList(
+            // TRUSTED can change when user explicitly connects to an untrusted network in Settings.
+            // http://b/18206275
+            NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED,
+            // The value of NET_CAPABILITY_HEAD_UNIT is 32, which cannot use int to do bit shift,
+            // otherwise there will be an overflow. Use long to do bit shift instead.
+            NET_CAPABILITY_HEAD_UNIT);
+
+    /**
+     * Network capabilities that are not allowed in NetworkRequests. This exists because the
+     * NetworkFactory / NetworkAgent model does not deal well with the situation where a
+     * capability's presence cannot be known in advance. If such a capability is requested, then we
+     * can get into a cycle where the NetworkFactory endlessly churns out NetworkAgents that then
+     * get immediately torn down because they do not have the requested capability.
+     */
+    // Note that as a historical exception, the TRUSTED and NOT_VCN_MANAGED capabilities
+    // are mutable but requestable. Factories are responsible for not getting
+    // in an infinite loop about these.
+    private static final long NON_REQUESTABLE_CAPABILITIES =
+            MUTABLE_CAPABILITIES
+            & ~(1L << NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+            & ~(1L << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED);
+
+    /**
+     * Capabilities that are set by default when the object is constructed.
+     */
+    private static final long DEFAULT_CAPABILITIES = NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.packBitList(
+            NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN);
+
+    /**
+     * Capabilities that are managed by ConnectivityService.
+     */
+    private static final long CONNECTIVITY_MANAGED_CAPABILITIES =
+            NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.packBitList(
+                    NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED,
+                    NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL,
+                    NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND,
+                    NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY);
+
+    /**
+     * Capabilities that are allowed for test networks. This list must be set so that it is safe
+     * for an unprivileged user to create a network with these capabilities via shell. As such,
+     * it must never contain capabilities that are generally useful to the system, such as
+     * INTERNET, IMS, SUPL, etc.
+     */
+    private static final long TEST_NETWORKS_ALLOWED_CAPABILITIES =
+            NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.packBitList(
+            NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED);
+
+    /**
+     * Adds the given capability to this {@code NetworkCapability} instance.
+     * Note that when searching for a network to satisfy a request, all capabilities
+     * requested must be satisfied.
+     *
+     * @param capability the capability to be added.
+     * @return This NetworkCapabilities instance, to facilitate chaining.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public @NonNull NetworkCapabilities addCapability(@NetCapability int capability) {
+        // If the given capability was previously added to the list of forbidden capabilities
+        // then the capability will also be removed from the list of forbidden capabilities.
+        // TODO: Consider adding forbidden capabilities to the public API and mention this
+        // in the documentation.
+        checkValidCapability(capability);
+        mNetworkCapabilities |= 1L << capability;
+        // remove from forbidden capability list
+        mForbiddenNetworkCapabilities &= ~(1L << capability);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds the given capability to the list of forbidden capabilities of this
+     * {@code NetworkCapability} instance. Note that when searching for a network to
+     * satisfy a request, the network must not contain any capability from forbidden capability
+     * list.
+     * <p>
+     * If the capability was previously added to the list of required capabilities (for
+     * example, it was there by default or added using {@link #addCapability(int)} method), then
+     * it will be removed from the list of required capabilities as well.
+     *
+     * @see #addCapability(int)
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void addForbiddenCapability(@NetCapability int capability) {
+        checkValidCapability(capability);
+        mForbiddenNetworkCapabilities |= 1L << capability;
+        mNetworkCapabilities &= ~(1L << capability);  // remove from requested capabilities
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes (if found) the given capability from this {@code NetworkCapability}
+     * instance that were added via addCapability(int) or setCapabilities(int[], int[]).
+     *
+     * @param capability the capability to be removed.
+     * @return This NetworkCapabilities instance, to facilitate chaining.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public @NonNull NetworkCapabilities removeCapability(@NetCapability int capability) {
+        checkValidCapability(capability);
+        final long mask = ~(1L << capability);
+        mNetworkCapabilities &= mask;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes (if found) the given forbidden capability from this {@code NetworkCapability}
+     * instance that were added via addForbiddenCapability(int) or setCapabilities(int[], int[]).
+     *
+     * @param capability the capability to be removed.
+     * @return This NetworkCapabilities instance, to facilitate chaining.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public @NonNull NetworkCapabilities removeForbiddenCapability(@NetCapability int capability) {
+        checkValidCapability(capability);
+        mForbiddenNetworkCapabilities &= ~(1L << capability);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets (or clears) the given capability on this {@link NetworkCapabilities}
+     * instance.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public @NonNull NetworkCapabilities setCapability(@NetCapability int capability,
+            boolean value) {
+        if (value) {
+            addCapability(capability);
+        } else {
+            removeCapability(capability);
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets all the capabilities set on this {@code NetworkCapability} instance.
+     *
+     * @return an array of capability values for this instance.
+     */
+    public @NonNull @NetCapability int[] getCapabilities() {
+        return NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.unpackBits(mNetworkCapabilities);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets all the forbidden capabilities set on this {@code NetworkCapability} instance.
+     *
+     * @return an array of forbidden capability values for this instance.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public @NetCapability int[] getForbiddenCapabilities() {
+        return NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.unpackBits(mForbiddenNetworkCapabilities);
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Sets all the capabilities set on this {@code NetworkCapability} instance.
+     * This overwrites any existing capabilities.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void setCapabilities(@NetCapability int[] capabilities,
+            @NetCapability int[] forbiddenCapabilities) {
+        mNetworkCapabilities = NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.packBits(capabilities);
+        mForbiddenNetworkCapabilities = NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.packBits(forbiddenCapabilities);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @deprecated use {@link #setCapabilities(int[], int[])}
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public void setCapabilities(@NetCapability int[] capabilities) {
+        setCapabilities(capabilities, new int[] {});
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds the given enterprise capability identifier to this {@code NetworkCapability} instance.
+     * Note that when searching for a network to satisfy a request, all capabilities identifier
+     * requested must be satisfied.
+     *
+     * @param enterpriseId the enterprise capability identifier to be added.
+     * @return This NetworkCapabilities instance, to facilitate chaining.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public @NonNull NetworkCapabilities addEnterpriseId(
+            @EnterpriseId int enterpriseId) {
+        checkValidEnterpriseId(enterpriseId);
+        mEnterpriseId |= 1 << enterpriseId;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes (if found) the given enterprise capability identifier from this
+     * {@code NetworkCapability} instance that were added via addEnterpriseId(int)
+     *
+     * @param enterpriseId the enterprise capability identifier to be removed.
+     * @return This NetworkCapabilities instance, to facilitate chaining.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    private @NonNull NetworkCapabilities removeEnterpriseId(
+            @EnterpriseId  int enterpriseId) {
+        checkValidEnterpriseId(enterpriseId);
+        final int mask = ~(1 << enterpriseId);
+        mEnterpriseId &= mask;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the underlying networks of this network.
+     *
+     * @param networks The underlying networks of this network.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void setUnderlyingNetworks(@Nullable List<Network> networks) {
+        mUnderlyingNetworks =
+                (networks == null) ? null : Collections.unmodifiableList(new ArrayList<>(networks));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the underlying networks of this network. If the caller is not system privileged, this is
+     * always redacted to null and it will be never useful to the caller.
+     *
+     * @return <li>If the list is null, this network hasn't declared underlying networks.</li>
+     *         <li>If the list is empty, this network has declared that it has no underlying
+     *         networks or it doesn't run on any of the available networks.</li>
+     *         <li>The list can contain multiple underlying networks, e.g. a VPN running over
+     *         multiple networks at the same time.</li>
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SuppressLint("NullableCollection")
+    @Nullable
+    @SystemApi
+    public List<Network> getUnderlyingNetworks() {
+        return mUnderlyingNetworks;
+    }
+
+    private boolean equalsUnderlyingNetworks(@NonNull NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        return Objects.equals(getUnderlyingNetworks(), nc.getUnderlyingNetworks());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests for the presence of a capability on this instance.
+     *
+     * @param capability the capabilities to be tested for.
+     * @return {@code true} if set on this instance.
+     */
+    public boolean hasCapability(@NetCapability int capability) {
+        return isValidCapability(capability)
+                && ((mNetworkCapabilities & (1L << capability)) != 0);
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public boolean hasForbiddenCapability(@NetCapability int capability) {
+        return isValidCapability(capability)
+                && ((mForbiddenNetworkCapabilities & (1L << capability)) != 0);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if this NetworkCapabilities has system managed capabilities or not.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean hasConnectivityManagedCapability() {
+        return ((mNetworkCapabilities & CONNECTIVITY_MANAGED_CAPABILITIES) != 0);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the name of the given capability that carriers use.
+     * If the capability does not have a carrier-name, returns null.
+     *
+     * @param capability The capability to get the carrier-name of.
+     * @return The carrier-name of the capability, or null if it doesn't exist.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static @Nullable String getCapabilityCarrierName(@NetCapability int capability) {
+        if (capability == NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE) {
+            return capabilityNameOf(capability);
+        } else {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience function that returns a human-readable description of the first mutable
+     * capability we find. Used to present an error message to apps that request mutable
+     * capabilities.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public @Nullable String describeFirstNonRequestableCapability() {
+        final long nonRequestable = (mNetworkCapabilities | mForbiddenNetworkCapabilities)
+                & NON_REQUESTABLE_CAPABILITIES;
+
+        if (nonRequestable != 0) {
+            return capabilityNameOf(NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.unpackBits(nonRequestable)[0]);
+        }
+        if (mLinkUpBandwidthKbps != 0 || mLinkDownBandwidthKbps != 0) return "link bandwidth";
+        if (hasSignalStrength()) return "signalStrength";
+        if (isPrivateDnsBroken()) {
+            return "privateDnsBroken";
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private boolean equalsEnterpriseCapabilitiesId(@NonNull NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        return nc.mEnterpriseId == this.mEnterpriseId;
+    }
+
+    private boolean satisfiedByEnterpriseCapabilitiesId(@NonNull NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        final int requestedEnterpriseCapabilitiesId = mEnterpriseId;
+        final int providedEnterpriseCapabailitiesId = nc.mEnterpriseId;
+
+        if ((providedEnterpriseCapabailitiesId & requestedEnterpriseCapabilitiesId)
+                == requestedEnterpriseCapabilitiesId) {
+            return true;
+        } else if (providedEnterpriseCapabailitiesId == 0
+                && (requestedEnterpriseCapabilitiesId == (1L << NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1))) {
+            return true;
+        } else {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean satisfiedByNetCapabilities(@NonNull NetworkCapabilities nc,
+            boolean onlyImmutable) {
+        long requestedCapabilities = mNetworkCapabilities;
+        long requestedForbiddenCapabilities = mForbiddenNetworkCapabilities;
+        long providedCapabilities = nc.mNetworkCapabilities;
+
+        if (onlyImmutable) {
+            requestedCapabilities &= ~MUTABLE_CAPABILITIES;
+            requestedForbiddenCapabilities &= ~MUTABLE_CAPABILITIES;
+        }
+        return ((providedCapabilities & requestedCapabilities) == requestedCapabilities)
+                && ((requestedForbiddenCapabilities & providedCapabilities) == 0);
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public boolean equalsNetCapabilities(@NonNull NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        return (nc.mNetworkCapabilities == this.mNetworkCapabilities)
+                && (nc.mForbiddenNetworkCapabilities == this.mForbiddenNetworkCapabilities);
+    }
+
+    private boolean equalsNetCapabilitiesRequestable(@NonNull NetworkCapabilities that) {
+        return ((this.mNetworkCapabilities & ~NON_REQUESTABLE_CAPABILITIES)
+                == (that.mNetworkCapabilities & ~NON_REQUESTABLE_CAPABILITIES))
+                && ((this.mForbiddenNetworkCapabilities & ~NON_REQUESTABLE_CAPABILITIES)
+                == (that.mForbiddenNetworkCapabilities & ~NON_REQUESTABLE_CAPABILITIES));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes the NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED capability if inferring the network is restricted.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void maybeMarkCapabilitiesRestricted() {
+        if (NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.inferRestrictedCapability(this)) {
+            removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see #restrictCapabilitiesForTestNetwork(int)
+     * @deprecated Use {@link #restrictCapabilitiesForTestNetwork(int)} (without the typo) instead.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public void restrictCapabilitesForTestNetwork(int creatorUid) {
+        // Do not remove without careful consideration: this method has a typo in its name but is
+        // called by the first S CTS releases, therefore it cannot be removed from the connectivity
+        // module as long as such CTS releases are valid for testing S devices.
+        restrictCapabilitiesForTestNetwork(creatorUid);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test networks have strong restrictions on what capabilities they can have. Enforce these
+     * restrictions.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void restrictCapabilitiesForTestNetwork(int creatorUid) {
+        final long originalCapabilities = mNetworkCapabilities;
+        final long originalTransportTypes = mTransportTypes;
+        final NetworkSpecifier originalSpecifier = mNetworkSpecifier;
+        final int originalSignalStrength = mSignalStrength;
+        final int originalOwnerUid = getOwnerUid();
+        final int[] originalAdministratorUids = getAdministratorUids();
+        final TransportInfo originalTransportInfo = getTransportInfo();
+        final Set<Integer> originalSubIds = getSubscriptionIds();
+        final Set<Integer> originalAllowedUids = new ArraySet<>(mAllowedUids);
+        clearAll();
+        if (0 != (originalCapabilities & (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED))) {
+            // If the test network is not restricted, then it is only allowed to declare some
+            // specific transports. This is to minimize impact on running apps in case an app
+            // run from the shell creates a test a network.
+            mTransportTypes =
+                    (originalTransportTypes & UNRESTRICTED_TEST_NETWORKS_ALLOWED_TRANSPORTS)
+                            | (1 << TRANSPORT_TEST);
+
+            // SubIds are only allowed for Test Networks that only declare TRANSPORT_TEST.
+            setSubscriptionIds(originalSubIds);
+        } else {
+            // If the test network is restricted, then it may declare any transport.
+            mTransportTypes = (originalTransportTypes | (1 << TRANSPORT_TEST));
+        }
+        mNetworkCapabilities = originalCapabilities & TEST_NETWORKS_ALLOWED_CAPABILITIES;
+        mNetworkSpecifier = originalSpecifier;
+        mSignalStrength = originalSignalStrength;
+        mTransportInfo = originalTransportInfo;
+        mAllowedUids.addAll(originalAllowedUids);
+
+        // Only retain the owner and administrator UIDs if they match the app registering the remote
+        // caller that registered the network.
+        if (originalOwnerUid == creatorUid) {
+            setOwnerUid(creatorUid);
+        }
+        if (CollectionUtils.contains(originalAdministratorUids, creatorUid)) {
+            setAdministratorUids(new int[] {creatorUid});
+        }
+        // There is no need to clear the UIDs, they have already been cleared by clearAll() above.
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Representing the transport type.  Apps should generally not care about transport.  A
+     * request for a fast internet connection could be satisfied by a number of different
+     * transports.  If any are specified here it will be satisfied a Network that matches
+     * any of them.  If a caller doesn't care about the transport it should not specify any.
+     */
+    private long mTransportTypes;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(prefix = { "TRANSPORT_" }, value = {
+            TRANSPORT_CELLULAR,
+            TRANSPORT_WIFI,
+            TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH,
+            TRANSPORT_ETHERNET,
+            TRANSPORT_VPN,
+            TRANSPORT_WIFI_AWARE,
+            TRANSPORT_LOWPAN,
+            TRANSPORT_TEST,
+            TRANSPORT_USB,
+    })
+    public @interface Transport { }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates this network uses a Cellular transport.
+     */
+    public static final int TRANSPORT_CELLULAR = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates this network uses a Wi-Fi transport.
+     */
+    public static final int TRANSPORT_WIFI = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates this network uses a Bluetooth transport.
+     */
+    public static final int TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH = 2;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates this network uses an Ethernet transport.
+     */
+    public static final int TRANSPORT_ETHERNET = 3;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates this network uses a VPN transport.
+     */
+    public static final int TRANSPORT_VPN = 4;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates this network uses a Wi-Fi Aware transport.
+     */
+    public static final int TRANSPORT_WIFI_AWARE = 5;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates this network uses a LoWPAN transport.
+     */
+    public static final int TRANSPORT_LOWPAN = 6;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates this network uses a Test-only virtual interface as a transport.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int TRANSPORT_TEST = 7;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates this network uses a USB transport.
+     */
+    public static final int TRANSPORT_USB = 8;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int MIN_TRANSPORT = TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int MAX_TRANSPORT = TRANSPORT_USB;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public static boolean isValidTransport(@Transport int transportType) {
+        return (MIN_TRANSPORT <= transportType) && (transportType <= MAX_TRANSPORT);
+    }
+
+    private static final String[] TRANSPORT_NAMES = {
+        "CELLULAR",
+        "WIFI",
+        "BLUETOOTH",
+        "ETHERNET",
+        "VPN",
+        "WIFI_AWARE",
+        "LOWPAN",
+        "TEST",
+        "USB"
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Allowed transports on an unrestricted test network (in addition to TRANSPORT_TEST).
+     */
+    private static final long UNRESTRICTED_TEST_NETWORKS_ALLOWED_TRANSPORTS =
+            NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.packBitList(
+                    TRANSPORT_TEST,
+                    // Test eth networks are created with EthernetManager#setIncludeTestInterfaces
+                    TRANSPORT_ETHERNET,
+                    // Test VPN networks can be created but their UID ranges must be empty.
+                    TRANSPORT_VPN);
+
+    /**
+     * Adds the given transport type to this {@code NetworkCapability} instance.
+     * Multiple transports may be applied.  Note that when searching
+     * for a network to satisfy a request, any listed in the request will satisfy the request.
+     * For example {@code TRANSPORT_WIFI} and {@code TRANSPORT_ETHERNET} added to a
+     * {@code NetworkCapabilities} would cause either a Wi-Fi network or an Ethernet network
+     * to be selected.  This is logically different than
+     * {@code NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_*} listed above.
+     *
+     * @param transportType the transport type to be added.
+     * @return This NetworkCapabilities instance, to facilitate chaining.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public @NonNull NetworkCapabilities addTransportType(@Transport int transportType) {
+        checkValidTransportType(transportType);
+        mTransportTypes |= 1 << transportType;
+        setNetworkSpecifier(mNetworkSpecifier); // used for exception checking
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes (if found) the given transport from this {@code NetworkCapability} instance.
+     *
+     * @param transportType the transport type to be removed.
+     * @return This NetworkCapabilities instance, to facilitate chaining.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public @NonNull NetworkCapabilities removeTransportType(@Transport int transportType) {
+        checkValidTransportType(transportType);
+        mTransportTypes &= ~(1 << transportType);
+        setNetworkSpecifier(mNetworkSpecifier); // used for exception checking
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets (or clears) the given transport on this {@link NetworkCapabilities}
+     * instance.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public @NonNull NetworkCapabilities setTransportType(@Transport int transportType,
+            boolean value) {
+        if (value) {
+            addTransportType(transportType);
+        } else {
+            removeTransportType(transportType);
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets all the transports set on this {@code NetworkCapability} instance.
+     *
+     * @return an array of transport type values for this instance.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    @NonNull public @Transport int[] getTransportTypes() {
+        return NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.unpackBits(mTransportTypes);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets all the transports set on this {@code NetworkCapability} instance.
+     * This overwrites any existing transports.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void setTransportTypes(@Transport int[] transportTypes) {
+        mTransportTypes = NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.packBits(transportTypes);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests for the presence of a transport on this instance.
+     *
+     * @param transportType the transport type to be tested for.
+     * @return {@code true} if set on this instance.
+     */
+    public boolean hasTransport(@Transport int transportType) {
+        return isValidTransport(transportType) && ((mTransportTypes & (1 << transportType)) != 0);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true iff this NetworkCapabilities has the specified transport and no other.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean hasSingleTransport(@Transport int transportType) {
+        return mTransportTypes == (1 << transportType);
+    }
+
+    private boolean satisfiedByTransportTypes(NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        return ((this.mTransportTypes == 0)
+                || ((this.mTransportTypes & nc.mTransportTypes) != 0));
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public boolean equalsTransportTypes(NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        return (nc.mTransportTypes == this.mTransportTypes);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * UID of the app that owns this network, or Process#INVALID_UID if none/unknown.
+     *
+     * <p>This field keeps track of the UID of the app that created this network and is in charge of
+     * its lifecycle. This could be the UID of apps such as the Wifi network suggestor, the running
+     * VPN, or Carrier Service app managing a cellular data connection.
+     *
+     * <p>For NetworkCapability instances being sent from ConnectivityService, this value MUST be
+     * reset to Process.INVALID_UID unless all the following conditions are met:
+     *
+     * <p>The caller is the network owner, AND one of the following sets of requirements is met:
+     *
+     * <ol>
+     *   <li>The described Network is a VPN
+     * </ol>
+     *
+     * <p>OR:
+     *
+     * <ol>
+     *   <li>The calling app is the network owner
+     *   <li>The calling app has the ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION permission granted
+     *   <li>The user's location toggle is on
+     * </ol>
+     *
+     * This is because the owner UID is location-sensitive. The apps that request a network could
+     * know where the device is if they can tell for sure the system has connected to the network
+     * they requested.
+     *
+     * <p>This is populated by the network agents and for the NetworkCapabilities instance sent by
+     * an app to the System Server, the value MUST be reset to Process.INVALID_UID by the system
+     * server.
+     */
+    private int mOwnerUid = Process.INVALID_UID;
+
+    /**
+     * Set the UID of the owner app.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public @NonNull NetworkCapabilities setOwnerUid(final int uid) {
+        mOwnerUid = uid;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieves the UID of the app that owns this network.
+     *
+     * <p>For user privacy reasons, this field will only be populated if the following conditions
+     * are met:
+     *
+     * <p>The caller is the network owner, AND one of the following sets of requirements is met:
+     *
+     * <ol>
+     *   <li>The described Network is a VPN
+     * </ol>
+     *
+     * <p>OR:
+     *
+     * <ol>
+     *   <li>The calling app is the network owner
+     *   <li>The calling app has the ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION permission granted
+     *   <li>The user's location toggle is on
+     * </ol>
+     *
+     * Instances of NetworkCapabilities sent to apps without the appropriate permissions will have
+     * this field cleared out.
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * This field will only be populated for VPN and wifi network suggestor apps (i.e using
+     * {@link android.net.wifi.WifiNetworkSuggestion WifiNetworkSuggestion}), and only for the
+     * network they own. In the case of wifi network suggestors apps, this field is also location
+     * sensitive, so the app needs to hold {@link android.Manifest.permission#ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION}
+     * permission. If the app targets SDK version greater than or equal to
+     * {@link Build.VERSION_CODES#S}, then they also need to use
+     * {@link NetworkCallback#FLAG_INCLUDE_LOCATION_INFO} to get the info in their callback. If the
+     * apps targets SDK version equal to {{@link Build.VERSION_CODES#R}, this field will always be
+     * included. The app will be blamed for location access if this field is included.
+     * </p>
+     */
+    public int getOwnerUid() {
+        return mOwnerUid;
+    }
+
+    private boolean equalsOwnerUid(@NonNull final NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        return mOwnerUid == nc.mOwnerUid;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * UIDs of packages that are administrators of this network, or empty if none.
+     *
+     * <p>This field tracks the UIDs of packages that have permission to manage this network.
+     *
+     * <p>Network owners will also be listed as administrators.
+     *
+     * <p>For NetworkCapability instances being sent from the System Server, this value MUST be
+     * empty unless the destination is 1) the System Server, or 2) Telephony. In either case, the
+     * receiving entity must have the ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION permission and target R+.
+     *
+     * <p>When received from an app in a NetworkRequest this is always cleared out by the system
+     * server. This field is never used for matching NetworkRequests to NetworkAgents.
+     */
+    @NonNull private int[] mAdministratorUids = new int[0];
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the int[] of UIDs that are administrators of this network.
+     *
+     * <p>UIDs included in administratorUids gain administrator privileges over this Network.
+     * Examples of UIDs that should be included in administratorUids are:
+     *
+     * <ul>
+     *   <li>Carrier apps with privileges for the relevant subscription
+     *   <li>Active VPN apps
+     *   <li>Other application groups with a particular Network-related role
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * <p>In general, user-supplied networks (such as WiFi networks) do not have an administrator.
+     *
+     * <p>An app is granted owner privileges over Networks that it supplies. The owner UID MUST
+     * always be included in administratorUids.
+     *
+     * <p>The administrator UIDs are set by network agents.
+     *
+     * @param administratorUids the UIDs to be set as administrators of this Network.
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if duplicate UIDs are contained in administratorUids
+     * @see #mAdministratorUids
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public NetworkCapabilities setAdministratorUids(@NonNull final int[] administratorUids) {
+        mAdministratorUids = Arrays.copyOf(administratorUids, administratorUids.length);
+        Arrays.sort(mAdministratorUids);
+        for (int i = 0; i < mAdministratorUids.length - 1; i++) {
+            if (mAdministratorUids[i] >= mAdministratorUids[i + 1]) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("All administrator UIDs must be unique");
+            }
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieves the UIDs that are administrators of this Network.
+     *
+     * <p>This is only populated in NetworkCapabilities objects that come from network agents for
+     * networks that are managed by specific apps on the system, such as carrier privileged apps or
+     * wifi suggestion apps. This will include the network owner.
+     *
+     * @return the int[] of UIDs that are administrators of this Network
+     * @see #mAdministratorUids
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    @SystemApi
+    public int[] getAdministratorUids() {
+        return Arrays.copyOf(mAdministratorUids, mAdministratorUids.length);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests if the set of administrator UIDs of this network is the same as that of the passed one.
+     *
+     * <p>The administrator UIDs must be in sorted order.
+     *
+     * <p>nc is assumed non-null. Else, NPE.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting(visibility = PRIVATE)
+    public boolean equalsAdministratorUids(@NonNull final NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        return Arrays.equals(mAdministratorUids, nc.mAdministratorUids);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Value indicating that link bandwidth is unspecified.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int LINK_BANDWIDTH_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Passive link bandwidth.  This is a rough guide of the expected peak bandwidth
+     * for the first hop on the given transport.  It is not measured, but may take into account
+     * link parameters (Radio technology, allocated channels, etc).
+     */
+    private int mLinkUpBandwidthKbps = LINK_BANDWIDTH_UNSPECIFIED;
+    private int mLinkDownBandwidthKbps = LINK_BANDWIDTH_UNSPECIFIED;
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the upstream bandwidth for this network in Kbps.  This always only refers to
+     * the estimated first hop transport bandwidth.
+     * <p>
+     * {@see Builder#setLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps}
+     *
+     * @param upKbps the estimated first hop upstream (device to network) bandwidth.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public @NonNull NetworkCapabilities setLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps(int upKbps) {
+        mLinkUpBandwidthKbps = upKbps;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieves the upstream bandwidth for this network in Kbps.  This always only refers to
+     * the estimated first hop transport bandwidth.
+     *
+     * @return The estimated first hop upstream (device to network) bandwidth.
+     */
+    public int getLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps() {
+        return mLinkUpBandwidthKbps;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the downstream bandwidth for this network in Kbps.  This always only refers to
+     * the estimated first hop transport bandwidth.
+     * <p>
+     * {@see Builder#setLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps}
+     *
+     * @param downKbps the estimated first hop downstream (network to device) bandwidth.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public @NonNull NetworkCapabilities setLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps(int downKbps) {
+        mLinkDownBandwidthKbps = downKbps;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieves the downstream bandwidth for this network in Kbps.  This always only refers to
+     * the estimated first hop transport bandwidth.
+     *
+     * @return The estimated first hop downstream (network to device) bandwidth.
+     */
+    public int getLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps() {
+        return mLinkDownBandwidthKbps;
+    }
+
+    private boolean satisfiedByLinkBandwidths(NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        return !(this.mLinkUpBandwidthKbps > nc.mLinkUpBandwidthKbps
+                || this.mLinkDownBandwidthKbps > nc.mLinkDownBandwidthKbps);
+    }
+    private boolean equalsLinkBandwidths(NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        return (this.mLinkUpBandwidthKbps == nc.mLinkUpBandwidthKbps
+                && this.mLinkDownBandwidthKbps == nc.mLinkDownBandwidthKbps);
+    }
+    /** @hide */
+    public static int minBandwidth(int a, int b) {
+        if (a == LINK_BANDWIDTH_UNSPECIFIED)  {
+            return b;
+        } else if (b == LINK_BANDWIDTH_UNSPECIFIED) {
+            return a;
+        } else {
+            return Math.min(a, b);
+        }
+    }
+    /** @hide */
+    public static int maxBandwidth(int a, int b) {
+        return Math.max(a, b);
+    }
+
+    private NetworkSpecifier mNetworkSpecifier = null;
+    private TransportInfo mTransportInfo = null;
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the optional bearer specific network specifier.
+     * This has no meaning if a single transport is also not specified, so calling
+     * this without a single transport set will generate an exception, as will
+     * subsequently adding or removing transports after this is set.
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * @param networkSpecifier A concrete, parcelable framework class that extends
+     *                         NetworkSpecifier.
+     * @return This NetworkCapabilities instance, to facilitate chaining.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public @NonNull NetworkCapabilities setNetworkSpecifier(
+            @NonNull NetworkSpecifier networkSpecifier) {
+        if (networkSpecifier != null
+                // Transport can be test, or test + a single other transport
+                && mTransportTypes != (1L << TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                && Long.bitCount(mTransportTypes & ~(1L << TRANSPORT_TEST)) != 1) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Must have a single non-test transport specified to "
+                    + "use setNetworkSpecifier");
+        }
+
+        mNetworkSpecifier = networkSpecifier;
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the optional transport specific information.
+     *
+     * @param transportInfo A concrete, parcelable framework class that extends
+     * {@link TransportInfo}.
+     * @return This NetworkCapabilities instance, to facilitate chaining.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public @NonNull NetworkCapabilities setTransportInfo(@NonNull TransportInfo transportInfo) {
+        mTransportInfo = transportInfo;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the optional bearer specific network specifier. May be {@code null} if not set.
+     *
+     * @return The optional {@link NetworkSpecifier} specifying the bearer specific network
+     *         specifier or {@code null}.
+     */
+    public @Nullable NetworkSpecifier getNetworkSpecifier() {
+        return mNetworkSpecifier;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a transport-specific information container. The application may cast this
+     * container to a concrete sub-class based on its knowledge of the network request. The
+     * application should be able to deal with a {@code null} return value or an invalid case,
+     * e.g. use {@code instanceof} operator to verify expected type.
+     *
+     * @return A concrete implementation of the {@link TransportInfo} class or null if not
+     * available for the network.
+     */
+    @Nullable public TransportInfo getTransportInfo() {
+        return mTransportInfo;
+    }
+
+    private boolean satisfiedBySpecifier(NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        return mNetworkSpecifier == null || mNetworkSpecifier.canBeSatisfiedBy(nc.mNetworkSpecifier)
+                || nc.mNetworkSpecifier instanceof MatchAllNetworkSpecifier;
+    }
+
+    private boolean equalsSpecifier(NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        return Objects.equals(mNetworkSpecifier, nc.mNetworkSpecifier);
+    }
+
+    private boolean equalsTransportInfo(NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        return Objects.equals(mTransportInfo, nc.mTransportInfo);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Magic value that indicates no signal strength provided. A request specifying this value is
+     * always satisfied.
+     */
+    public static final int SIGNAL_STRENGTH_UNSPECIFIED = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
+
+    /**
+     * Signal strength. This is a signed integer, and higher values indicate better signal.
+     * The exact units are bearer-dependent. For example, Wi-Fi uses RSSI.
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.P)
+    private int mSignalStrength = SIGNAL_STRENGTH_UNSPECIFIED;
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the signal strength. This is a signed integer, with higher values indicating a stronger
+     * signal. The exact units are bearer-dependent. For example, Wi-Fi uses the same RSSI units
+     * reported by wifi code.
+     * <p>
+     * Note that when used to register a network callback, this specifies the minimum acceptable
+     * signal strength. When received as the state of an existing network it specifies the current
+     * value. A value of {@link #SIGNAL_STRENGTH_UNSPECIFIED} means no value when received and has
+     * no effect when requesting a callback.
+     *
+     * @param signalStrength the bearer-specific signal strength.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public @NonNull NetworkCapabilities setSignalStrength(int signalStrength) {
+        mSignalStrength = signalStrength;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns {@code true} if this object specifies a signal strength.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    public boolean hasSignalStrength() {
+        return mSignalStrength > SIGNAL_STRENGTH_UNSPECIFIED;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieves the signal strength.
+     *
+     * @return The bearer-specific signal strength.
+     */
+    public int getSignalStrength() {
+        return mSignalStrength;
+    }
+
+    private boolean satisfiedBySignalStrength(NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        return this.mSignalStrength <= nc.mSignalStrength;
+    }
+
+    private boolean equalsSignalStrength(NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        return this.mSignalStrength == nc.mSignalStrength;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * List of UIDs this network applies to. No restriction if null.
+     * <p>
+     * For networks, mUids represent the list of network this applies to, and null means this
+     * network applies to all UIDs.
+     * For requests, mUids is the list of UIDs this network MUST apply to to match ; ALL UIDs
+     * must be included in a network so that they match. As an exception to the general rule,
+     * a null mUids field for requests mean "no requirements" rather than what the general rule
+     * would suggest ("must apply to all UIDs") : this is because this has shown to be what users
+     * of this API expect in practice. A network that must match all UIDs can still be
+     * expressed with a set ranging the entire set of possible UIDs.
+     * <p>
+     * mUids is typically (and at this time, only) used by VPN. This network is only available to
+     * the UIDs in this list, and it is their default network. Apps in this list that wish to
+     * bypass the VPN can do so iff the VPN app allows them to or if they are privileged. If this
+     * member is null, then the network is not restricted by app UID. If it's an empty list, then
+     * it means nobody can use it.
+     * As a special exception, the app managing this network (as identified by its UID stored in
+     * mOwnerUid) can always see this network. This is embodied by a special check in
+     * satisfiedByUids. That still does not mean the network necessarily <strong>applies</strong>
+     * to the app that manages it as determined by #appliesToUid.
+     * <p>
+     * Please note that in principle a single app can be associated with multiple UIDs because
+     * each app will have a different UID when it's run as a different (macro-)user. A single
+     * macro user can only have a single active VPN app at any given time however.
+     * <p>
+     * Also please be aware this class does not try to enforce any normalization on this. Callers
+     * can only alter the UIDs by setting them wholesale : this class does not provide any utility
+     * to add or remove individual UIDs or ranges. If callers have any normalization needs on
+     * their own (like requiring sortedness or no overlap) they need to enforce it
+     * themselves. Some of the internal methods also assume this is normalized as in no adjacent
+     * or overlapping ranges are present.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    private ArraySet<UidRange> mUids = null;
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience method to set the UIDs this network applies to to a single UID.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public @NonNull NetworkCapabilities setSingleUid(int uid) {
+        mUids = new ArraySet<>(1);
+        mUids.add(new UidRange(uid, uid));
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the list of UIDs this network applies to.
+     * This makes a copy of the set so that callers can't modify it after the call.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public @NonNull NetworkCapabilities setUids(@Nullable Set<Range<Integer>> uids) {
+        mUids = UidRange.fromIntRanges(uids);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the list of UIDs this network applies to.
+     * This returns a copy of the set so that callers can't modify the original object.
+     *
+     * @return the list of UIDs this network applies to. If {@code null}, then the network applies
+     *         to all UIDs.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @SuppressLint("NullableCollection")
+    public @Nullable Set<Range<Integer>> getUids() {
+        return UidRange.toIntRanges(mUids);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the list of UIDs this network applies to.
+     * This returns a copy of the set so that callers can't modify the original object.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public @Nullable Set<UidRange> getUidRanges() {
+        if (mUids == null) return null;
+
+        return new ArraySet<>(mUids);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test whether this network applies to this UID.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean appliesToUid(int uid) {
+        if (null == mUids) return true;
+        for (UidRange range : mUids) {
+            if (range.contains(uid)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests if the set of UIDs that this network applies to is the same as the passed network.
+     * <p>
+     * This test only checks whether equal range objects are in both sets. It will
+     * return false if the ranges are not exactly the same, even if the covered UIDs
+     * are for an equivalent result.
+     * <p>
+     * Note that this method is not very optimized, which is fine as long as it's not used very
+     * often.
+     * <p>
+     * nc is assumed nonnull, else NPE.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public boolean equalsUids(@NonNull NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        return UidRange.hasSameUids(nc.mUids, mUids);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test whether the passed NetworkCapabilities satisfies the UIDs this capabilities require.
+     *
+     * This method is called on the NetworkCapabilities embedded in a request with the
+     * capabilities of an available network. It checks whether all the UIDs from this listen
+     * (representing the UIDs that must have access to the network) are satisfied by the UIDs
+     * in the passed nc (representing the UIDs that this network is available to).
+     * <p>
+     * As a special exception, the UID that created the passed network (as represented by its
+     * mOwnerUid field) always satisfies a NetworkRequest requiring it (of LISTEN
+     * or REQUEST types alike), even if the network does not apply to it. That is so a VPN app
+     * can see its own network when it listens for it.
+     * <p>
+     * nc is assumed nonnull. Else, NPE.
+     * @see #appliesToUid
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean satisfiedByUids(@NonNull NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        if (null == nc.mUids || null == mUids) return true; // The network satisfies everything.
+        for (UidRange requiredRange : mUids) {
+            if (requiredRange.contains(nc.mOwnerUid)) return true;
+            if (!nc.appliesToUidRange(requiredRange)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether this network applies to the passed ranges.
+     * This assumes that to apply, the passed range has to be entirely contained
+     * within one of the ranges this network applies to. If the ranges are not normalized,
+     * this method may return false even though all required UIDs are covered because no
+     * single range contained them all.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public boolean appliesToUidRange(@NonNull UidRange requiredRange) {
+        if (null == mUids) return true;
+        for (UidRange uidRange : mUids) {
+            if (uidRange.containsRange(requiredRange)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * List of UIDs that can always access this network.
+     * <p>
+     * UIDs in this list have access to this network, even if the network doesn't have the
+     * {@link #NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED} capability and the UID does not hold the
+     * {@link android.Manifest.permission.CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS} permission.
+     * This is only useful for restricted networks. For non-restricted networks it has no effect.
+     * <p>
+     * This is disallowed in {@link NetworkRequest}, and can only be set by network agents. Network
+     * agents also have restrictions on how they can set these ; they can only back a public
+     * Android API. As such, Ethernet agents can set this when backing the per-UID access API, and
+     * Telephony can set exactly one UID which has to match the manager app for the associated
+     * subscription. Failure to comply with these rules will see this member cleared.
+     * <p>
+     * This member is never null, but can be empty.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    private final ArraySet<Integer> mAllowedUids = new ArraySet<>();
+
+    /**
+     * Set the list of UIDs that can always access this network.
+     * @param uids
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void setAllowedUids(@NonNull final Set<Integer> uids) {
+        // could happen with nc.set(nc), cheaper than always making a defensive copy
+        if (uids == mAllowedUids) return;
+
+        Objects.requireNonNull(uids);
+        mAllowedUids.clear();
+        mAllowedUids.addAll(uids);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The list of UIDs that can always access this network.
+     *
+     * The UIDs in this list can always access this network, even if it is restricted and
+     * the UID doesn't hold the USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS permission. This is defined by the
+     * network agent in charge of creating the network.
+     *
+     * The UIDs are only visible to network factories and the system server, since the system
+     * server makes sure to redact them before sending a NetworkCapabilities to a process
+     * that doesn't hold the permission.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY)
+    public @NonNull Set<Integer> getAllowedUids() {
+        return new ArraySet<>(mAllowedUids);
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    // For internal clients that know what they are doing and need to avoid the performance hit
+    // of the defensive copy.
+    public @NonNull ArraySet<Integer> getAllowedUidsNoCopy() {
+        return mAllowedUids;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test whether this UID has special permission to access this network, as per mAllowedUids.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    // TODO : should this be "doesUidHaveAccess" and check the USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS permission ?
+    public boolean isUidWithAccess(int uid) {
+        return mAllowedUids.contains(uid);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return whether any UID is in the list of access UIDs
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean hasAllowedUids() {
+        return !mAllowedUids.isEmpty();
+    }
+
+    private boolean equalsAllowedUids(@NonNull NetworkCapabilities other) {
+        return mAllowedUids.equals(other.mAllowedUids);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The SSID of the network, or null if not applicable or unknown.
+     * <p>
+     * This is filled in by wifi code.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    private String mSSID;
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the SSID of this network.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public @NonNull NetworkCapabilities setSSID(@Nullable String ssid) {
+        mSSID = ssid;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the SSID of this network, or null if none or unknown.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public @Nullable String getSsid() {
+        return mSSID;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests if the SSID of this network is the same as the SSID of the passed network.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean equalsSSID(@NonNull NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        return Objects.equals(mSSID, nc.mSSID);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if the SSID requirements of this object are matched by the passed object.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean satisfiedBySSID(@NonNull NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        return mSSID == null || mSSID.equals(nc.mSSID);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if our requirements are satisfied by the given {@code NetworkCapabilities}.
+     *
+     * @param nc the {@code NetworkCapabilities} that may or may not satisfy our requirements.
+     * @param onlyImmutable if {@code true}, do not consider mutable requirements such as link
+     *         bandwidth, signal strength, or validation / captive portal status.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    private boolean satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(NetworkCapabilities nc, boolean onlyImmutable) {
+        return (nc != null
+                && satisfiedByNetCapabilities(nc, onlyImmutable)
+                && satisfiedByTransportTypes(nc)
+                && (onlyImmutable || satisfiedByLinkBandwidths(nc))
+                && satisfiedBySpecifier(nc)
+                && satisfiedByEnterpriseCapabilitiesId(nc)
+                && (onlyImmutable || satisfiedBySignalStrength(nc))
+                && (onlyImmutable || satisfiedByUids(nc))
+                && (onlyImmutable || satisfiedBySSID(nc))
+                && (onlyImmutable || satisfiedByRequestor(nc))
+                && (onlyImmutable || satisfiedBySubscriptionIds(nc)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if our requirements are satisfied by the given {@code NetworkCapabilities}.
+     *
+     * @param nc the {@code NetworkCapabilities} that may or may not satisfy our requirements.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public boolean satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(@Nullable NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        return satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(nc, false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if our immutable requirements are satisfied by the given {@code NetworkCapabilities}.
+     *
+     * @param nc the {@code NetworkCapabilities} that may or may not satisfy our requirements.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean satisfiedByImmutableNetworkCapabilities(@Nullable NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        return satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(nc, true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks that our immutable capabilities are the same as those of the given
+     * {@code NetworkCapabilities} and return a String describing any difference.
+     * The returned String is empty if there is no difference.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public String describeImmutableDifferences(@Nullable NetworkCapabilities that) {
+        if (that == null) {
+            return "other NetworkCapabilities was null";
+        }
+
+        StringJoiner joiner = new StringJoiner(", ");
+
+        // Ignore NOT_METERED being added or removed as it is effectively dynamic. http://b/63326103
+        // TODO: properly support NOT_METERED as a mutable and requestable capability.
+        final long mask = ~MUTABLE_CAPABILITIES & ~(1 << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        long oldImmutableCapabilities = this.mNetworkCapabilities & mask;
+        long newImmutableCapabilities = that.mNetworkCapabilities & mask;
+        if (oldImmutableCapabilities != newImmutableCapabilities) {
+            String before = capabilityNamesOf(NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.unpackBits(
+                    oldImmutableCapabilities));
+            String after = capabilityNamesOf(NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.unpackBits(
+                    newImmutableCapabilities));
+            joiner.add(String.format("immutable capabilities changed: %s -> %s", before, after));
+        }
+
+        if (!equalsSpecifier(that)) {
+            NetworkSpecifier before = this.getNetworkSpecifier();
+            NetworkSpecifier after = that.getNetworkSpecifier();
+            joiner.add(String.format("specifier changed: %s -> %s", before, after));
+        }
+
+        if (!equalsTransportTypes(that)) {
+            String before = transportNamesOf(this.getTransportTypes());
+            String after = transportNamesOf(that.getTransportTypes());
+            joiner.add(String.format("transports changed: %s -> %s", before, after));
+        }
+
+        return joiner.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks that our requestable capabilities are the same as those of the given
+     * {@code NetworkCapabilities}.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean equalRequestableCapabilities(@Nullable NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        if (nc == null) return false;
+        return (equalsNetCapabilitiesRequestable(nc)
+                && equalsTransportTypes(nc)
+                && equalsSpecifier(nc));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
+        if (obj == null || (obj instanceof NetworkCapabilities == false)) return false;
+        NetworkCapabilities that = (NetworkCapabilities) obj;
+        return equalsNetCapabilities(that)
+                && equalsTransportTypes(that)
+                && equalsLinkBandwidths(that)
+                && equalsSignalStrength(that)
+                && equalsSpecifier(that)
+                && equalsTransportInfo(that)
+                && equalsUids(that)
+                && equalsAllowedUids(that)
+                && equalsSSID(that)
+                && equalsOwnerUid(that)
+                && equalsPrivateDnsBroken(that)
+                && equalsRequestor(that)
+                && equalsAdministratorUids(that)
+                && equalsSubscriptionIds(that)
+                && equalsUnderlyingNetworks(that)
+                && equalsEnterpriseCapabilitiesId(that);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return (int) (mNetworkCapabilities & 0xFFFFFFFF)
+                + ((int) (mNetworkCapabilities >> 32) * 3)
+                + ((int) (mForbiddenNetworkCapabilities & 0xFFFFFFFF) * 5)
+                + ((int) (mForbiddenNetworkCapabilities >> 32) * 7)
+                + ((int) (mTransportTypes & 0xFFFFFFFF) * 11)
+                + ((int) (mTransportTypes >> 32) * 13)
+                + mLinkUpBandwidthKbps * 17
+                + mLinkDownBandwidthKbps * 19
+                + Objects.hashCode(mNetworkSpecifier) * 23
+                + mSignalStrength * 29
+                + mOwnerUid * 31
+                + Objects.hashCode(mUids) * 37
+                + Objects.hashCode(mAllowedUids) * 41
+                + Objects.hashCode(mSSID) * 43
+                + Objects.hashCode(mTransportInfo) * 47
+                + Objects.hashCode(mPrivateDnsBroken) * 53
+                + Objects.hashCode(mRequestorUid) * 59
+                + Objects.hashCode(mRequestorPackageName) * 61
+                + Arrays.hashCode(mAdministratorUids) * 67
+                + Objects.hashCode(mSubIds) * 71
+                + Objects.hashCode(mUnderlyingNetworks) * 73
+                + mEnterpriseId * 79;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    private <T extends Parcelable> void writeParcelableArraySet(Parcel in,
+            @Nullable ArraySet<T> val, int flags) {
+        final int size = (val != null) ? val.size() : -1;
+        in.writeInt(size);
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            in.writeParcelable(val.valueAt(i), flags);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
+        dest.writeLong(mNetworkCapabilities);
+        dest.writeLong(mForbiddenNetworkCapabilities);
+        dest.writeLong(mTransportTypes);
+        dest.writeInt(mLinkUpBandwidthKbps);
+        dest.writeInt(mLinkDownBandwidthKbps);
+        dest.writeParcelable((Parcelable) mNetworkSpecifier, flags);
+        dest.writeParcelable((Parcelable) mTransportInfo, flags);
+        dest.writeInt(mSignalStrength);
+        writeParcelableArraySet(dest, mUids, flags);
+        dest.writeIntArray(CollectionUtils.toIntArray(mAllowedUids));
+        dest.writeString(mSSID);
+        dest.writeBoolean(mPrivateDnsBroken);
+        dest.writeIntArray(getAdministratorUids());
+        dest.writeInt(mOwnerUid);
+        dest.writeInt(mRequestorUid);
+        dest.writeString(mRequestorPackageName);
+        dest.writeIntArray(CollectionUtils.toIntArray(mSubIds));
+        dest.writeTypedList(mUnderlyingNetworks);
+        dest.writeInt(mEnterpriseId);
+    }
+
+    public static final @android.annotation.NonNull Creator<NetworkCapabilities> CREATOR =
+            new Creator<>() {
+            @Override
+            public NetworkCapabilities createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+                NetworkCapabilities netCap = new NetworkCapabilities();
+
+                netCap.mNetworkCapabilities = in.readLong();
+                netCap.mForbiddenNetworkCapabilities = in.readLong();
+                netCap.mTransportTypes = in.readLong();
+                netCap.mLinkUpBandwidthKbps = in.readInt();
+                netCap.mLinkDownBandwidthKbps = in.readInt();
+                netCap.mNetworkSpecifier = in.readParcelable(null);
+                netCap.mTransportInfo = in.readParcelable(null);
+                netCap.mSignalStrength = in.readInt();
+                netCap.mUids = readParcelableArraySet(in, null /* ClassLoader, null for default */);
+                final int[] allowedUids = in.createIntArray();
+                netCap.mAllowedUids.ensureCapacity(allowedUids.length);
+                for (int uid : allowedUids) {
+                    netCap.mAllowedUids.add(uid);
+                }
+                netCap.mSSID = in.readString();
+                netCap.mPrivateDnsBroken = in.readBoolean();
+                netCap.setAdministratorUids(in.createIntArray());
+                netCap.mOwnerUid = in.readInt();
+                netCap.mRequestorUid = in.readInt();
+                netCap.mRequestorPackageName = in.readString();
+                netCap.mSubIds = new ArraySet<>();
+                final int[] subIdInts = Objects.requireNonNull(in.createIntArray());
+                for (int i = 0; i < subIdInts.length; i++) {
+                    netCap.mSubIds.add(subIdInts[i]);
+                }
+                netCap.setUnderlyingNetworks(in.createTypedArrayList(Network.CREATOR));
+                netCap.mEnterpriseId = in.readInt();
+                return netCap;
+            }
+            @Override
+            public NetworkCapabilities[] newArray(int size) {
+                return new NetworkCapabilities[size];
+            }
+
+            private @Nullable <T extends Parcelable> ArraySet<T> readParcelableArraySet(Parcel in,
+                    @Nullable ClassLoader loader) {
+                final int size = in.readInt();
+                if (size < 0) {
+                    return null;
+                }
+                final ArraySet<T> result = new ArraySet<>(size);
+                for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+                    final T value = in.readParcelable(loader);
+                    result.add(value);
+                }
+                return result;
+            }
+        };
+
+    @Override
+    public @NonNull String toString() {
+        final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("[");
+        if (0 != mTransportTypes) {
+            sb.append(" Transports: ");
+            appendStringRepresentationOfBitMaskToStringBuilder(sb, mTransportTypes,
+                    NetworkCapabilities::transportNameOf, "|");
+        }
+        if (0 != mNetworkCapabilities) {
+            sb.append(" Capabilities: ");
+            appendStringRepresentationOfBitMaskToStringBuilder(sb, mNetworkCapabilities,
+                    NetworkCapabilities::capabilityNameOf, "&");
+        }
+        if (0 != mForbiddenNetworkCapabilities) {
+            sb.append(" Forbidden: ");
+            appendStringRepresentationOfBitMaskToStringBuilder(sb, mForbiddenNetworkCapabilities,
+                    NetworkCapabilities::capabilityNameOf, "&");
+        }
+        if (mLinkUpBandwidthKbps > 0) {
+            sb.append(" LinkUpBandwidth>=").append(mLinkUpBandwidthKbps).append("Kbps");
+        }
+        if (mLinkDownBandwidthKbps > 0) {
+            sb.append(" LinkDnBandwidth>=").append(mLinkDownBandwidthKbps).append("Kbps");
+        }
+        if (mNetworkSpecifier != null) {
+            sb.append(" Specifier: <").append(mNetworkSpecifier).append(">");
+        }
+        if (mTransportInfo != null) {
+            sb.append(" TransportInfo: <").append(mTransportInfo).append(">");
+        }
+        if (hasSignalStrength()) {
+            sb.append(" SignalStrength: ").append(mSignalStrength);
+        }
+
+        if (null != mUids) {
+            if ((1 == mUids.size()) && (mUids.valueAt(0).count() == 1)) {
+                sb.append(" Uid: ").append(mUids.valueAt(0).start);
+            } else {
+                sb.append(" Uids: <").append(mUids).append(">");
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (hasAllowedUids()) {
+            sb.append(" AllowedUids: <").append(mAllowedUids).append(">");
+        }
+
+        if (mOwnerUid != Process.INVALID_UID) {
+            sb.append(" OwnerUid: ").append(mOwnerUid);
+        }
+
+        if (mAdministratorUids != null && mAdministratorUids.length != 0) {
+            sb.append(" AdminUids: ").append(Arrays.toString(mAdministratorUids));
+        }
+
+        if (mRequestorUid != Process.INVALID_UID) {
+            sb.append(" RequestorUid: ").append(mRequestorUid);
+        }
+
+        if (mRequestorPackageName != null) {
+            sb.append(" RequestorPkg: ").append(mRequestorPackageName);
+        }
+
+        if (null != mSSID) {
+            sb.append(" SSID: ").append(mSSID);
+        }
+
+        if (mPrivateDnsBroken) {
+            sb.append(" PrivateDnsBroken");
+        }
+
+        if (!mSubIds.isEmpty()) {
+            sb.append(" SubscriptionIds: ").append(mSubIds);
+        }
+
+        if (0 != mEnterpriseId) {
+            sb.append(" EnterpriseId: ");
+            appendStringRepresentationOfBitMaskToStringBuilder(sb, mEnterpriseId,
+                    NetworkCapabilities::enterpriseIdNameOf, "&");
+        }
+
+        sb.append(" UnderlyingNetworks: ");
+        if (mUnderlyingNetworks != null) {
+            sb.append("[");
+            final StringJoiner joiner = new StringJoiner(",");
+            for (int i = 0; i < mUnderlyingNetworks.size(); i++) {
+                joiner.add(mUnderlyingNetworks.get(i).toString());
+            }
+            sb.append(joiner.toString());
+            sb.append("]");
+        } else {
+            sb.append("Null");
+        }
+
+        sb.append("]");
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+
+    private interface NameOf {
+        String nameOf(int value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static void appendStringRepresentationOfBitMaskToStringBuilder(@NonNull StringBuilder sb,
+            long bitMask, @NonNull NameOf nameFetcher, @NonNull String separator) {
+        int bitPos = 0;
+        boolean firstElementAdded = false;
+        while (bitMask != 0) {
+            if ((bitMask & 1) != 0) {
+                if (firstElementAdded) {
+                    sb.append(separator);
+                } else {
+                    firstElementAdded = true;
+                }
+                sb.append(nameFetcher.nameOf(bitPos));
+            }
+            bitMask >>= 1;
+            ++bitPos;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static @NonNull String capabilityNamesOf(@Nullable @NetCapability int[] capabilities) {
+        StringJoiner joiner = new StringJoiner("|");
+        if (capabilities != null) {
+            for (int c : capabilities) {
+                joiner.add(capabilityNameOf(c));
+            }
+        }
+        return joiner.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static @NonNull String capabilityNameOf(@NetCapability int capability) {
+        switch (capability) {
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_MMS:                  return "MMS";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_SUPL:                 return "SUPL";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_DUN:                  return "DUN";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_FOTA:                 return "FOTA";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_IMS:                  return "IMS";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_CBS:                  return "CBS";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_WIFI_P2P:             return "WIFI_P2P";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_IA:                   return "IA";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_RCS:                  return "RCS";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_XCAP:                 return "XCAP";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_EIMS:                 return "EIMS";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED:          return "NOT_METERED";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET:             return "INTERNET";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED:       return "NOT_RESTRICTED";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED:              return "TRUSTED";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN:              return "NOT_VPN";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED:            return "VALIDATED";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL:       return "CAPTIVE_PORTAL";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING:          return "NOT_ROAMING";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND:           return "FOREGROUND";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED:        return "NOT_CONGESTED";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED:        return "NOT_SUSPENDED";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID:             return "OEM_PAID";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_MCX:                  return "MCX";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY: return "PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED:    return "TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE:          return "OEM_PRIVATE";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_VEHICLE_INTERNAL:     return "VEHICLE_INTERNAL";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED:      return "NOT_VCN_MANAGED";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE:           return "ENTERPRISE";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_VSIM:                 return "VSIM";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_BIP:                  return "BIP";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_HEAD_UNIT:            return "HEAD_UNIT";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_MMTEL:                return "MMTEL";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_PRIORITIZE_LATENCY:          return "PRIORITIZE_LATENCY";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_PRIORITIZE_BANDWIDTH:        return "PRIORITIZE_BANDWIDTH";
+            default:                                  return Integer.toString(capability);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static @NonNull String enterpriseIdNameOf(
+            @NetCapability int capability) {
+        return Integer.toString(capability);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    public static @NonNull String transportNamesOf(@Nullable @Transport int[] types) {
+        StringJoiner joiner = new StringJoiner("|");
+        if (types != null) {
+            for (int t : types) {
+                joiner.add(transportNameOf(t));
+            }
+        }
+        return joiner.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static @NonNull String transportNameOf(@Transport int transport) {
+        if (!isValidTransport(transport)) {
+            return "UNKNOWN";
+        }
+        return TRANSPORT_NAMES[transport];
+    }
+
+    private static void checkValidTransportType(@Transport int transport) {
+        if (!isValidTransport(transport)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid TransportType " + transport);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isValidCapability(@NetworkCapabilities.NetCapability int capability) {
+        return capability >= MIN_NET_CAPABILITY && capability <= MAX_NET_CAPABILITY;
+    }
+
+    private static void checkValidCapability(@NetworkCapabilities.NetCapability int capability) {
+        if (!isValidCapability(capability)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("NetworkCapability " + capability + " out of range");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isValidEnterpriseId(
+            @NetworkCapabilities.EnterpriseId int enterpriseId) {
+        return enterpriseId >= NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1
+                && enterpriseId <= NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_5;
+    }
+
+    private static void checkValidEnterpriseId(
+            @NetworkCapabilities.EnterpriseId int enterpriseId) {
+        if (!isValidEnterpriseId(enterpriseId)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("enterprise capability identifier "
+                    + enterpriseId + " is out of range");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if this {@code NetworkCapability} instance is metered.
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} if {@code NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED} is not set on this instance.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean isMetered() {
+        return !hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if private dns is broken.
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} if private DNS is broken on this network.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public boolean isPrivateDnsBroken() {
+        return mPrivateDnsBroken;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set mPrivateDnsBroken to true when private dns is broken.
+     *
+     * @param broken the status of private DNS to be set.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void setPrivateDnsBroken(boolean broken) {
+        mPrivateDnsBroken = broken;
+    }
+
+    private boolean equalsPrivateDnsBroken(NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        return mPrivateDnsBroken == nc.mPrivateDnsBroken;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the UID of the app making the request.
+     *
+     * For instances of NetworkCapabilities representing a request, sets the
+     * UID of the app making the request. For a network created by the system,
+     * sets the UID of the only app whose requests can match this network.
+     * This can be set to {@link Process#INVALID_UID} if there is no such app,
+     * or if this instance of NetworkCapabilities is about to be sent to a
+     * party that should not learn about this.
+     *
+     * @param uid UID of the app.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public @NonNull NetworkCapabilities setRequestorUid(int uid) {
+        mRequestorUid = uid;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the UID of the app making the request.
+     *
+     * For a NetworkRequest being made by an app, contains the app's UID. For a network
+     * created by the system, contains the UID of the only app whose requests can match
+     * this network, or {@link Process#INVALID_UID} if none or if the
+     * caller does not have permission to learn about this.
+     *
+     * @return the uid of the app making the request.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public int getRequestorUid() {
+        return mRequestorUid;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the package name of the app making the request.
+     *
+     * For instances of NetworkCapabilities representing a request, sets the
+     * package name of the app making the request. For a network created by the system,
+     * sets the package name of the only app whose requests can match this network.
+     * This can be set to null if there is no such app, or if this instance of
+     * NetworkCapabilities is about to be sent to a party that should not learn about this.
+     *
+     * @param packageName package name of the app.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public @NonNull NetworkCapabilities setRequestorPackageName(@NonNull String packageName) {
+        mRequestorPackageName = packageName;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the package name of the app making the request.
+     *
+     * For a NetworkRequest being made by an app, contains the app's package name. For a
+     * network created by the system, contains the package name of the only app whose
+     * requests can match this network, or null if none or if the caller does not have
+     * permission to learn about this.
+     *
+     * @return the package name of the app making the request.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public String getRequestorPackageName() {
+        return mRequestorPackageName;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the uid and package name of the app causing this network to exist.
+     *
+     * {@see #setRequestorUid} and {@link #setRequestorPackageName}
+     *
+     * @param uid UID of the app.
+     * @param packageName package name of the app.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public @NonNull NetworkCapabilities setRequestorUidAndPackageName(
+            int uid, @NonNull String packageName) {
+        return setRequestorUid(uid).setRequestorPackageName(packageName);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test whether the passed NetworkCapabilities satisfies the requestor restrictions of this
+     * capabilities.
+     *
+     * This method is called on the NetworkCapabilities embedded in a request with the
+     * capabilities of an available network. If the available network, sets a specific
+     * requestor (by uid and optionally package name), then this will only match a request from the
+     * same app. If either of the capabilities have an unset uid or package name, then it matches
+     * everything.
+     * <p>
+     * nc is assumed nonnull. Else, NPE.
+     */
+    private boolean satisfiedByRequestor(NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        // No uid set, matches everything.
+        if (mRequestorUid == Process.INVALID_UID || nc.mRequestorUid == Process.INVALID_UID) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        // uids don't match.
+        if (mRequestorUid != nc.mRequestorUid) return false;
+        // No package names set, matches everything
+        if (null == nc.mRequestorPackageName || null == mRequestorPackageName) return true;
+        // check for package name match.
+        return TextUtils.equals(mRequestorPackageName, nc.mRequestorPackageName);
+    }
+
+    private boolean equalsRequestor(NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        return mRequestorUid == nc.mRequestorUid
+                && TextUtils.equals(mRequestorPackageName, nc.mRequestorPackageName);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set of the subscription IDs that identifies the network or request, empty if none.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    private ArraySet<Integer> mSubIds = new ArraySet<>();
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the subscription ID set that associated to this network or request.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public NetworkCapabilities setSubscriptionIds(@NonNull Set<Integer> subIds) {
+        mSubIds = new ArraySet(Objects.requireNonNull(subIds));
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the subscription ID set that associated to this network or request.
+     *
+     * <p>Instances of NetworkCapabilities will only have this field populated by the system if the
+     * receiver holds the NETWORK_FACTORY permission. In all other cases, it will be the empty set.
+     *
+     * @return
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    @SystemApi
+    public Set<Integer> getSubscriptionIds() {
+        return new ArraySet<>(mSubIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests if the subscription ID set of this network is the same as that of the passed one.
+     */
+    private boolean equalsSubscriptionIds(@NonNull NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        return Objects.equals(mSubIds, nc.mSubIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if the subscription ID set requirements of this object are matched by the passed one.
+     * If specified in the request, the passed one need to have at least one subId and at least
+     * one of them needs to be in the request set.
+     */
+    private boolean satisfiedBySubscriptionIds(@NonNull NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        if (mSubIds.isEmpty()) return true;
+        if (nc.mSubIds.isEmpty()) return false;
+        for (final Integer subId : nc.mSubIds) {
+            if (mSubIds.contains(subId)) return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a bitmask of all the applicable redactions (based on the permissions held by the
+     * receiving app) to be performed on this object.
+     *
+     * @return bitmask of redactions applicable on this instance.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public @RedactionType long getApplicableRedactions() {
+        // Currently, there are no fields redacted in NetworkCapabilities itself, so we just
+        // passthrough the redactions required by the embedded TransportInfo. If this changes
+        // in the future, modify this method.
+        if (mTransportInfo == null) {
+            return NetworkCapabilities.REDACT_NONE;
+        }
+        return mTransportInfo.getApplicableRedactions();
+    }
+
+    private NetworkCapabilities removeDefaultCapabilites() {
+        mNetworkCapabilities &= ~DEFAULT_CAPABILITIES;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Builder class for NetworkCapabilities.
+     *
+     * This class is mainly for for {@link NetworkAgent} instances to use. Many fields in
+     * the built class require holding a signature permission to use - mostly
+     * {@link android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY}, but refer to the specific
+     * description of each setter. As this class lives entirely in app space it does not
+     * enforce these restrictions itself but the system server clears out the relevant
+     * fields when receiving a NetworkCapabilities object from a caller without the
+     * appropriate permission.
+     *
+     * Apps don't use this builder directly. Instead, they use {@link NetworkRequest} via
+     * its builder object.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static final class Builder {
+        private final NetworkCapabilities mCaps;
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a new Builder to construct NetworkCapabilities objects.
+         */
+        public Builder() {
+            mCaps = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a new Builder of NetworkCapabilities from an existing instance.
+         */
+        public Builder(@NonNull final NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(nc);
+            mCaps = new NetworkCapabilities(nc);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a new Builder without the default capabilities.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public static Builder withoutDefaultCapabilities() {
+            final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities();
+            nc.removeDefaultCapabilites();
+            return new Builder(nc);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Adds the given transport type.
+         *
+         * Multiple transports may be added. Note that when searching for a network to satisfy a
+         * request, satisfying any of the transports listed in the request will satisfy the request.
+         * For example {@code TRANSPORT_WIFI} and {@code TRANSPORT_ETHERNET} added to a
+         * {@code NetworkCapabilities} would cause either a Wi-Fi network or an Ethernet network
+         * to be selected. This is logically different than
+         * {@code NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_*}. Also note that multiple networks with the
+         * same transport type may be active concurrently.
+         *
+         * @param transportType the transport type to be added or removed.
+         * @return this builder
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder addTransportType(@Transport int transportType) {
+            checkValidTransportType(transportType);
+            mCaps.addTransportType(transportType);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Removes the given transport type.
+         *
+         * {@see #addTransportType}.
+         *
+         * @param transportType the transport type to be added or removed.
+         * @return this builder
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder removeTransportType(@Transport int transportType) {
+            checkValidTransportType(transportType);
+            mCaps.removeTransportType(transportType);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Adds the given capability.
+         *
+         * @param capability the capability
+         * @return this builder
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder addCapability(@NetCapability final int capability) {
+            mCaps.setCapability(capability, true);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Removes the given capability.
+         *
+         * @param capability the capability
+         * @return this builder
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder removeCapability(@NetCapability final int capability) {
+            mCaps.setCapability(capability, false);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Adds the given enterprise capability identifier.
+         * Note that when searching for a network to satisfy a request, all capabilities identifier
+         * requested must be satisfied. Enterprise capability identifier is applicable only
+         * for NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE capability
+         *
+         * @param enterpriseId enterprise capability identifier.
+         *
+         * @return this builder
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder addEnterpriseId(
+                @EnterpriseId  int enterpriseId) {
+            mCaps.addEnterpriseId(enterpriseId);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Removes the given enterprise capability identifier. Enterprise capability identifier is
+         * applicable only for NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE capability
+         *
+         * @param enterpriseId the enterprise capability identifier
+         * @return this builder
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder removeEnterpriseId(
+                @EnterpriseId  int enterpriseId) {
+            mCaps.removeEnterpriseId(enterpriseId);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sets the owner UID.
+         *
+         * The default value is {@link Process#INVALID_UID}. Pass this value to reset.
+         *
+         * Note: for security the system will clear out this field when received from a
+         * non-privileged source.
+         *
+         * @param ownerUid the owner UID
+         * @return this builder
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY)
+        public Builder setOwnerUid(final int ownerUid) {
+            mCaps.setOwnerUid(ownerUid);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sets the list of UIDs that are administrators of this network.
+         *
+         * <p>UIDs included in administratorUids gain administrator privileges over this
+         * Network. Examples of UIDs that should be included in administratorUids are:
+         * <ul>
+         *     <li>Carrier apps with privileges for the relevant subscription
+         *     <li>Active VPN apps
+         *     <li>Other application groups with a particular Network-related role
+         * </ul>
+         *
+         * <p>In general, user-supplied networks (such as WiFi networks) do not have
+         * administrators.
+         *
+         * <p>An app is granted owner privileges over Networks that it supplies. The owner
+         * UID MUST always be included in administratorUids.
+         *
+         * The default value is the empty array. Pass an empty array to reset.
+         *
+         * Note: for security the system will clear out this field when received from a
+         * non-privileged source, such as an app using reflection to call this or
+         * mutate the member in the built object.
+         *
+         * @param administratorUids the UIDs to be set as administrators of this Network.
+         * @return this builder
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY)
+        public Builder setAdministratorUids(@NonNull final int[] administratorUids) {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(administratorUids);
+            mCaps.setAdministratorUids(administratorUids);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sets the upstream bandwidth of the link.
+         *
+         * Sets the upstream bandwidth for this network in Kbps. This always only refers to
+         * the estimated first hop transport bandwidth.
+         * <p>
+         * Note that when used to request a network, this specifies the minimum acceptable.
+         * When received as the state of an existing network this specifies the typical
+         * first hop bandwidth expected. This is never measured, but rather is inferred
+         * from technology type and other link parameters. It could be used to differentiate
+         * between very slow 1xRTT cellular links and other faster networks or even between
+         * 802.11b vs 802.11AC wifi technologies. It should not be used to differentiate between
+         * fast backhauls and slow backhauls.
+         *
+         * @param upKbps the estimated first hop upstream (device to network) bandwidth.
+         * @return this builder
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps(final int upKbps) {
+            mCaps.setLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps(upKbps);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sets the downstream bandwidth for this network in Kbps. This always only refers to
+         * the estimated first hop transport bandwidth.
+         * <p>
+         * Note that when used to request a network, this specifies the minimum acceptable.
+         * When received as the state of an existing network this specifies the typical
+         * first hop bandwidth expected. This is never measured, but rather is inferred
+         * from technology type and other link parameters. It could be used to differentiate
+         * between very slow 1xRTT cellular links and other faster networks or even between
+         * 802.11b vs 802.11AC wifi technologies. It should not be used to differentiate between
+         * fast backhauls and slow backhauls.
+         *
+         * @param downKbps the estimated first hop downstream (network to device) bandwidth.
+         * @return this builder
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps(final int downKbps) {
+            mCaps.setLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps(downKbps);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sets the optional bearer specific network specifier.
+         * This has no meaning if a single transport is also not specified, so calling
+         * this without a single transport set will generate an exception, as will
+         * subsequently adding or removing transports after this is set.
+         * </p>
+         *
+         * @param specifier a concrete, parcelable framework class that extends NetworkSpecifier,
+         *        or null to clear it.
+         * @return this builder
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setNetworkSpecifier(@Nullable final NetworkSpecifier specifier) {
+            mCaps.setNetworkSpecifier(specifier);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sets the optional transport specific information.
+         *
+         * @param info A concrete, parcelable framework class that extends {@link TransportInfo},
+         *             or null to clear it.
+         * @return this builder
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setTransportInfo(@Nullable final TransportInfo info) {
+            mCaps.setTransportInfo(info);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sets the signal strength. This is a signed integer, with higher values indicating a
+         * stronger signal. The exact units are bearer-dependent. For example, Wi-Fi uses the
+         * same RSSI units reported by wifi code.
+         * <p>
+         * Note that when used to register a network callback, this specifies the minimum
+         * acceptable signal strength. When received as the state of an existing network it
+         * specifies the current value. A value of code SIGNAL_STRENGTH_UNSPECIFIED} means
+         * no value when received and has no effect when requesting a callback.
+         *
+         * Note: for security the system will throw if it receives a NetworkRequest where
+         * the underlying NetworkCapabilities has this member set from a source that does
+         * not hold the {@link android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SIGNAL_STRENGTH_WAKEUP}
+         * permission. Apps with this permission can use this indirectly through
+         * {@link android.net.NetworkRequest}.
+         *
+         * @param signalStrength the bearer-specific signal strength.
+         * @return this builder
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SIGNAL_STRENGTH_WAKEUP)
+        public Builder setSignalStrength(final int signalStrength) {
+            mCaps.setSignalStrength(signalStrength);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sets the SSID of this network.
+         *
+         * Note: for security the system will clear out this field when received from a
+         * non-privileged source, like an app using reflection to set this.
+         *
+         * @param ssid the SSID, or null to clear it.
+         * @return this builder
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY)
+        public Builder setSsid(@Nullable final String ssid) {
+            mCaps.setSSID(ssid);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the uid of the app causing this network to exist.
+         *
+         * Note: for security the system will clear out this field when received from a
+         * non-privileged source.
+         *
+         * @param uid UID of the app.
+         * @return this builder
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY)
+        public Builder setRequestorUid(final int uid) {
+            mCaps.setRequestorUid(uid);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the package name of the app causing this network to exist.
+         *
+         * Note: for security the system will clear out this field when received from a
+         * non-privileged source.
+         *
+         * @param packageName package name of the app, or null to clear it.
+         * @return this builder
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY)
+        public Builder setRequestorPackageName(@Nullable final String packageName) {
+            mCaps.setRequestorPackageName(packageName);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the subscription ID set.
+         *
+         * <p>SubIds are populated in NetworkCapability instances from the system only for callers
+         * that hold the NETWORK_FACTORY permission. Similarly, the system will reject any
+         * NetworkRequests filed with a non-empty set of subIds unless the caller holds the
+         * NETWORK_FACTORY permission.
+         *
+         * @param subIds a set that represent the subscription IDs. Empty if clean up.
+         * @return this builder.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        @SystemApi
+        public Builder setSubscriptionIds(@NonNull final Set<Integer> subIds) {
+            mCaps.setSubscriptionIds(subIds);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the list of UIDs this network applies to.
+         *
+         * @param uids the list of UIDs this network applies to, or {@code null} if this network
+         *             applies to all UIDs.
+         * @return this builder
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+        public Builder setUids(@Nullable Set<Range<Integer>> uids) {
+            mCaps.setUids(uids);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set a list of UIDs that can always access this network
+         * <p>
+         * Provide a list of UIDs that can access this network even if the network doesn't have the
+         * {@link #NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED} capability and the UID does not hold the
+         * {@link android.Manifest.permission.CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS} permission.
+         * <p>
+         * This is disallowed in {@link NetworkRequest}, and can only be set by
+         * {@link NetworkAgent}s, who hold the
+         * {@link android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY} permission.
+         * Network agents also have restrictions on how they can set these ; they can only back
+         * a public Android API. As such, Ethernet agents can set this when backing the per-UID
+         * access API, and Telephony can set exactly one UID which has to match the manager app for
+         * the associated subscription. Failure to comply with these rules will see this member
+         * cleared.
+         * <p>
+         * These UIDs are only visible to network factories and the system server, since the system
+         * server makes sure to redact them before sending a {@link NetworkCapabilities} instance
+         * to a process that doesn't hold the {@link android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY}
+         * permission.
+         * <p>
+         * This list cannot be null, but it can be empty to mean that no UID without the
+         * {@link android.Manifest.permission.CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS} permission
+         * gets to access this network.
+         *
+         * @param uids the list of UIDs that can always access this network
+         * @return this builder
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+        @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY)
+        public Builder setAllowedUids(@NonNull Set<Integer> uids) {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(uids);
+            mCaps.setAllowedUids(uids);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the underlying networks of this network.
+         *
+         * @param networks The underlying networks of this network.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setUnderlyingNetworks(@Nullable List<Network> networks) {
+            mCaps.setUnderlyingNetworks(networks);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Builds the instance of the capabilities.
+         *
+         * @return the built instance of NetworkCapabilities.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public NetworkCapabilities build() {
+            if (mCaps.getOwnerUid() != Process.INVALID_UID) {
+                if (!CollectionUtils.contains(mCaps.getAdministratorUids(), mCaps.getOwnerUid())) {
+                    throw new IllegalStateException("The owner UID must be included in "
+                            + " administrator UIDs.");
+                }
+            }
+
+            if ((mCaps.getEnterpriseIds().length != 0)
+                    && !mCaps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE)) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Enterprise capability identifier is applicable"
+                        + " only with ENTERPRISE capability.");
+            }
+            return new NetworkCapabilities(mCaps);
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkConfig.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkConfig.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32a2cda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkConfig.java
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+/**
+ * Describes the buildtime configuration of a network.
+ * Holds settings read from resources.
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class NetworkConfig {
+    /**
+     * Human readable string
+     */
+    public String name;
+
+    /**
+     * Type from ConnectivityManager
+     */
+    public int type;
+
+    /**
+     * the radio number from radio attributes config
+     */
+    public int radio;
+
+    /**
+     * higher number == higher priority when turning off connections
+     */
+    public int priority;
+
+    /**
+     * indicates the boot time dependencyMet setting
+     */
+    public boolean dependencyMet;
+
+    /**
+     * indicates the default restoral timer in seconds
+     * if the network is used as a special network feature
+     * -1 indicates no restoration of default
+     */
+    public int restoreTime;
+
+    /**
+     * input string from config.xml resource.  Uses the form:
+     * [Connection name],[ConnectivityManager connection type],
+     * [associated radio-type],[priority],[dependencyMet]
+     */
+    public NetworkConfig(String init) {
+        String fragments[] = init.split(",");
+        name = fragments[0].trim().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
+        type = Integer.parseInt(fragments[1]);
+        radio = Integer.parseInt(fragments[2]);
+        priority = Integer.parseInt(fragments[3]);
+        restoreTime = Integer.parseInt(fragments[4]);
+        dependencyMet = Boolean.parseBoolean(fragments[5]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates if this network is supposed to be default-routable
+     */
+    public boolean isDefault() {
+        return (type == radio);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkInfo.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkInfo.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7ec519
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkInfo.java
@@ -0,0 +1,634 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+
+import java.util.EnumMap;
+
+/**
+ * Describes the status of a network interface.
+ * <p>Use {@link ConnectivityManager#getActiveNetworkInfo()} to get an instance that represents
+ * the current network connection.
+ *
+ * @deprecated Callers should instead use the {@link ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback} API to
+ *             learn about connectivity changes, or switch to use
+ *             {@link ConnectivityManager#getNetworkCapabilities} or
+ *             {@link ConnectivityManager#getLinkProperties} to get information synchronously. Keep
+ *             in mind that while callbacks are guaranteed to be called for every event in order,
+ *             synchronous calls have no such constraints, and as such it is unadvisable to use the
+ *             synchronous methods inside the callbacks as they will often not offer a view of
+ *             networking that is consistent (that is: they may return a past or a future state with
+ *             respect to the event being processed by the callback). Instead, callers are advised
+ *             to only use the arguments of the callbacks, possibly memorizing the specific bits of
+ *             information they need to keep from one callback to another.
+ */
+@Deprecated
+public class NetworkInfo implements Parcelable {
+
+    /**
+     * Coarse-grained network state. This is probably what most applications should
+     * use, rather than {@link android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState DetailedState}.
+     * The mapping between the two is as follows:
+     * <br/><br/>
+     * <table>
+     * <tr><td><b>Detailed state</b></td><td><b>Coarse-grained state</b></td></tr>
+     * <tr><td><code>IDLE</code></td><td><code>DISCONNECTED</code></td></tr>
+     * <tr><td><code>SCANNING</code></td><td><code>DISCONNECTED</code></td></tr>
+     * <tr><td><code>CONNECTING</code></td><td><code>CONNECTING</code></td></tr>
+     * <tr><td><code>AUTHENTICATING</code></td><td><code>CONNECTING</code></td></tr>
+     * <tr><td><code>OBTAINING_IPADDR</code></td><td><code>CONNECTING</code></td></tr>
+     * <tr><td><code>VERIFYING_POOR_LINK</code></td><td><code>CONNECTING</code></td></tr>
+     * <tr><td><code>CAPTIVE_PORTAL_CHECK</code></td><td><code>CONNECTING</code></td></tr>
+     * <tr><td><code>CONNECTED</code></td><td><code>CONNECTED</code></td></tr>
+     * <tr><td><code>SUSPENDED</code></td><td><code>SUSPENDED</code></td></tr>
+     * <tr><td><code>DISCONNECTING</code></td><td><code>DISCONNECTING</code></td></tr>
+     * <tr><td><code>DISCONNECTED</code></td><td><code>DISCONNECTED</code></td></tr>
+     * <tr><td><code>FAILED</code></td><td><code>DISCONNECTED</code></td></tr>
+     * <tr><td><code>BLOCKED</code></td><td><code>DISCONNECTED</code></td></tr>
+     * </table>
+     *
+     * @deprecated See {@link NetworkInfo}.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public enum State {
+        CONNECTING, CONNECTED, SUSPENDED, DISCONNECTING, DISCONNECTED, UNKNOWN
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The fine-grained state of a network connection. This level of detail
+     * is probably of interest to few applications. Most should use
+     * {@link android.net.NetworkInfo.State State} instead.
+     *
+     * @deprecated See {@link NetworkInfo}.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public enum DetailedState {
+        /** Ready to start data connection setup. */
+        IDLE,
+        /** Searching for an available access point. */
+        SCANNING,
+        /** Currently setting up data connection. */
+        CONNECTING,
+        /** Network link established, performing authentication. */
+        AUTHENTICATING,
+        /** Awaiting response from DHCP server in order to assign IP address information. */
+        OBTAINING_IPADDR,
+        /** IP traffic should be available. */
+        CONNECTED,
+        /** IP traffic is suspended */
+        SUSPENDED,
+        /** Currently tearing down data connection. */
+        DISCONNECTING,
+        /** IP traffic not available. */
+        DISCONNECTED,
+        /** Attempt to connect failed. */
+        FAILED,
+        /** Access to this network is blocked. */
+        BLOCKED,
+        /** Link has poor connectivity. */
+        VERIFYING_POOR_LINK,
+        /** Checking if network is a captive portal */
+        CAPTIVE_PORTAL_CHECK
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This is the map described in the Javadoc comment above. The positions
+     * of the elements of the array must correspond to the ordinal values
+     * of <code>DetailedState</code>.
+     */
+    private static final EnumMap<DetailedState, State> stateMap =
+        new EnumMap<DetailedState, State>(DetailedState.class);
+
+    static {
+        stateMap.put(DetailedState.IDLE, State.DISCONNECTED);
+        stateMap.put(DetailedState.SCANNING, State.DISCONNECTED);
+        stateMap.put(DetailedState.CONNECTING, State.CONNECTING);
+        stateMap.put(DetailedState.AUTHENTICATING, State.CONNECTING);
+        stateMap.put(DetailedState.OBTAINING_IPADDR, State.CONNECTING);
+        stateMap.put(DetailedState.VERIFYING_POOR_LINK, State.CONNECTING);
+        stateMap.put(DetailedState.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_CHECK, State.CONNECTING);
+        stateMap.put(DetailedState.CONNECTED, State.CONNECTED);
+        stateMap.put(DetailedState.SUSPENDED, State.SUSPENDED);
+        stateMap.put(DetailedState.DISCONNECTING, State.DISCONNECTING);
+        stateMap.put(DetailedState.DISCONNECTED, State.DISCONNECTED);
+        stateMap.put(DetailedState.FAILED, State.DISCONNECTED);
+        stateMap.put(DetailedState.BLOCKED, State.DISCONNECTED);
+    }
+
+    private int mNetworkType;
+    private int mSubtype;
+    private String mTypeName;
+    private String mSubtypeName;
+    @NonNull
+    private State mState;
+    @NonNull
+    private DetailedState mDetailedState;
+    private String mReason;
+    private String mExtraInfo;
+    private boolean mIsFailover;
+    private boolean mIsAvailable;
+    private boolean mIsRoaming;
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new instance of NetworkInfo.
+     *
+     * This may be useful for apps to write unit tests.
+     *
+     * @param type the legacy type of the network, as one of the ConnectivityManager.TYPE_*
+     *             constants.
+     * @param subtype the subtype if applicable, as one of the TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_*
+     *                constants.
+     * @param typeName a human-readable string for the network type, or an empty string or null.
+     * @param subtypeName a human-readable string for the subtype, or an empty string or null.
+     */
+    public NetworkInfo(int type, int subtype,
+            @Nullable String typeName, @Nullable String subtypeName) {
+        if (!ConnectivityManager.isNetworkTypeValid(type)
+                && type != ConnectivityManager.TYPE_NONE) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid network type: " + type);
+        }
+        mNetworkType = type;
+        mSubtype = subtype;
+        mTypeName = typeName;
+        mSubtypeName = subtypeName;
+        setDetailedState(DetailedState.IDLE, null, null);
+        mState = State.UNKNOWN;
+    }
+
+    /** {@hide} */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public NetworkInfo(@NonNull NetworkInfo source) {
+        // S- didn't use to crash when passing null. This plants a timebomb where mState and
+        // some other fields are null, but there may be existing code that relies on this behavior
+        // and doesn't trip the timebomb, so on SdkLevel < T, keep the old behavior. b/145972387
+        if (null == source && !SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) return;
+        synchronized (source) {
+            mNetworkType = source.mNetworkType;
+            mSubtype = source.mSubtype;
+            mTypeName = source.mTypeName;
+            mSubtypeName = source.mSubtypeName;
+            mState = source.mState;
+            mDetailedState = source.mDetailedState;
+            mReason = source.mReason;
+            mExtraInfo = source.mExtraInfo;
+            mIsFailover = source.mIsFailover;
+            mIsAvailable = source.mIsAvailable;
+            mIsRoaming = source.mIsRoaming;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reports the type of network to which the
+     * info in this {@code NetworkInfo} pertains.
+     * @return one of {@link ConnectivityManager#TYPE_MOBILE}, {@link
+     * ConnectivityManager#TYPE_WIFI}, {@link ConnectivityManager#TYPE_WIMAX}, {@link
+     * ConnectivityManager#TYPE_ETHERNET},  {@link ConnectivityManager#TYPE_BLUETOOTH}, or other
+     * types defined by {@link ConnectivityManager}.
+     * @deprecated Callers should switch to checking {@link NetworkCapabilities#hasTransport}
+     *             instead with one of the NetworkCapabilities#TRANSPORT_* constants :
+     *             {@link #getType} and {@link #getTypeName} cannot account for networks using
+     *             multiple transports. Note that generally apps should not care about transport;
+     *             {@link NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED} and
+     *             {@link NetworkCapabilities#getLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps} are calls that
+     *             apps concerned with meteredness or bandwidth should be looking at, as they
+     *             offer this information with much better accuracy.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public int getType() {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            return mNetworkType;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @deprecated Use {@link NetworkCapabilities} instead
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public void setType(int type) {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            mNetworkType = type;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a network-type-specific integer describing the subtype
+     * of the network.
+     * @return the network subtype
+     * @deprecated Use {@link android.telephony.TelephonyManager#getDataNetworkType} instead.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public int getSubtype() {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            return mSubtype;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public void setSubtype(int subtype, String subtypeName) {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            mSubtype = subtype;
+            mSubtypeName = subtypeName;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a human-readable name describe the type of the network,
+     * for example "WIFI" or "MOBILE".
+     * @return the name of the network type
+     * @deprecated Callers should switch to checking {@link NetworkCapabilities#hasTransport}
+     *             instead with one of the NetworkCapabilities#TRANSPORT_* constants :
+     *             {@link #getType} and {@link #getTypeName} cannot account for networks using
+     *             multiple transports. Note that generally apps should not care about transport;
+     *             {@link NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED} and
+     *             {@link NetworkCapabilities#getLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps} are calls that
+     *             apps concerned with meteredness or bandwidth should be looking at, as they
+     *             offer this information with much better accuracy.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public String getTypeName() {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            return mTypeName;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a human-readable name describing the subtype of the network.
+     * @return the name of the network subtype
+     * @deprecated Use {@link android.telephony.TelephonyManager#getDataNetworkType} instead.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public String getSubtypeName() {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            return mSubtypeName;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates whether network connectivity exists or is in the process
+     * of being established. This is good for applications that need to
+     * do anything related to the network other than read or write data.
+     * For the latter, call {@link #isConnected()} instead, which guarantees
+     * that the network is fully usable.
+     * @return {@code true} if network connectivity exists or is in the process
+     * of being established, {@code false} otherwise.
+     * @deprecated Apps should instead use the
+     *             {@link android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback} API to
+     *             learn about connectivity changes.
+     *             {@link ConnectivityManager#registerDefaultNetworkCallback} and
+     *             {@link ConnectivityManager#registerNetworkCallback}. These will
+     *             give a more accurate picture of the connectivity state of
+     *             the device and let apps react more easily and quickly to changes.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public boolean isConnectedOrConnecting() {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            return mState == State.CONNECTED || mState == State.CONNECTING;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates whether network connectivity exists and it is possible to establish
+     * connections and pass data.
+     * <p>Always call this before attempting to perform data transactions.
+     * @return {@code true} if network connectivity exists, {@code false} otherwise.
+     * @deprecated Apps should instead use the
+     *             {@link android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback} API to
+     *             learn about connectivity changes. See
+     *             {@link ConnectivityManager#registerDefaultNetworkCallback} and
+     *             {@link ConnectivityManager#registerNetworkCallback}. These will
+     *             give a more accurate picture of the connectivity state of
+     *             the device and let apps react more easily and quickly to changes.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public boolean isConnected() {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            return mState == State.CONNECTED;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates whether network connectivity is possible. A network is unavailable
+     * when a persistent or semi-persistent condition prevents the possibility
+     * of connecting to that network. Examples include
+     * <ul>
+     * <li>The device is out of the coverage area for any network of this type.</li>
+     * <li>The device is on a network other than the home network (i.e., roaming), and
+     * data roaming has been disabled.</li>
+     * <li>The device's radio is turned off, e.g., because airplane mode is enabled.</li>
+     * </ul>
+     * Since Android L, this always returns {@code true}, because the system only
+     * returns info for available networks.
+     * @return {@code true} if the network is available, {@code false} otherwise
+     * @deprecated Apps should instead use the
+     *             {@link android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback} API to
+     *             learn about connectivity changes.
+     *             {@link ConnectivityManager#registerDefaultNetworkCallback} and
+     *             {@link ConnectivityManager#registerNetworkCallback}. These will
+     *             give a more accurate picture of the connectivity state of
+     *             the device and let apps react more easily and quickly to changes.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public boolean isAvailable() {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            return mIsAvailable;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets if the network is available, ie, if the connectivity is possible.
+     * @param isAvailable the new availability value.
+     * @deprecated Use {@link NetworkCapabilities} instead
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public void setIsAvailable(boolean isAvailable) {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            mIsAvailable = isAvailable;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates whether the current attempt to connect to the network
+     * resulted from the ConnectivityManager trying to fail over to this
+     * network following a disconnect from another network.
+     * @return {@code true} if this is a failover attempt, {@code false}
+     * otherwise.
+     * @deprecated This field is not populated in recent Android releases,
+     *             and does not make a lot of sense in a multi-network world.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public boolean isFailover() {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            return mIsFailover;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the failover boolean.
+     * @param isFailover {@code true} to mark the current connection attempt
+     * as a failover.
+     * @deprecated This hasn't been set in any recent Android release.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public void setFailover(boolean isFailover) {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            mIsFailover = isFailover;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates whether the device is currently roaming on this network. When
+     * {@code true}, it suggests that use of data on this network may incur
+     * extra costs.
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} if roaming is in effect, {@code false} otherwise.
+     * @deprecated Callers should switch to checking
+     *             {@link NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING}
+     *             instead, since that handles more complex situations, such as
+     *             VPNs.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public boolean isRoaming() {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            return mIsRoaming;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @deprecated Use {@link NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING} instead.
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    @Deprecated
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public void setRoaming(boolean isRoaming) {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            mIsRoaming = isRoaming;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reports the current coarse-grained state of the network.
+     * @return the coarse-grained state
+     * @deprecated Apps should instead use the
+     *             {@link android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback} API to
+     *             learn about connectivity changes.
+     *             {@link ConnectivityManager#registerDefaultNetworkCallback} and
+     *             {@link ConnectivityManager#registerNetworkCallback}. These will
+     *             give a more accurate picture of the connectivity state of
+     *             the device and let apps react more easily and quickly to changes.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public State getState() {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            return mState;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reports the current fine-grained state of the network.
+     * @return the fine-grained state
+     * @deprecated Apps should instead use the
+     *             {@link android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback} API to
+     *             learn about connectivity changes. See
+     *             {@link ConnectivityManager#registerDefaultNetworkCallback} and
+     *             {@link ConnectivityManager#registerNetworkCallback}. These will
+     *             give a more accurate picture of the connectivity state of
+     *             the device and let apps react more easily and quickly to changes.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public @NonNull DetailedState getDetailedState() {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            return mDetailedState;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the fine-grained state of the network.
+     *
+     * This is only useful for testing.
+     *
+     * @param detailedState the {@link DetailedState}.
+     * @param reason a {@code String} indicating the reason for the state change,
+     * if one was supplied. May be {@code null}.
+     * @param extraInfo an optional {@code String} providing additional network state
+     * information passed up from the lower networking layers.
+     * @deprecated Use {@link NetworkCapabilities} instead.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public void setDetailedState(@NonNull DetailedState detailedState, @Nullable String reason,
+            @Nullable String extraInfo) {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            this.mDetailedState = detailedState;
+            this.mState = stateMap.get(detailedState);
+            this.mReason = reason;
+            this.mExtraInfo = extraInfo;
+            // Catch both the case where detailedState is null and the case where it's some
+            // unknown value. This is clearly incorrect usage, but S- didn't use to crash (at
+            // least immediately) so keep the old behavior on older frameworks for safety.
+            if (null == mState && SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
+                throw new NullPointerException("Unknown DetailedState : " + detailedState);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the extraInfo field.
+     * @param extraInfo an optional {@code String} providing addditional network state
+     * information passed up from the lower networking layers.
+     * @deprecated See {@link NetworkInfo#getExtraInfo}.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public void setExtraInfo(String extraInfo) {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            this.mExtraInfo = extraInfo;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Report the reason an attempt to establish connectivity failed,
+     * if one is available.
+     * @return the reason for failure, or null if not available
+     * @deprecated This method does not have a consistent contract that could make it useful
+     *             to callers.
+     */
+    public String getReason() {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            return mReason;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Report the extra information about the network state, if any was
+     * provided by the lower networking layers.
+     * @return the extra information, or null if not available
+     * @deprecated Use other services e.g. WifiManager to get additional information passed up from
+     *             the lower networking layers.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public String getExtraInfo() {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            return mExtraInfo;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("[");
+            builder.append("type: ").append(getTypeName()).append("[").append(getSubtypeName()).
+            append("], state: ").append(mState).append("/").append(mDetailedState).
+            append(", reason: ").append(mReason == null ? "(unspecified)" : mReason).
+            append(", extra: ").append(mExtraInfo == null ? "(none)" : mExtraInfo).
+            append(", failover: ").append(mIsFailover).
+            append(", available: ").append(mIsAvailable).
+            append(", roaming: ").append(mIsRoaming).
+            append("]");
+            return builder.toString();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a brief summary string suitable for debugging.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public String toShortString() {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
+            builder.append(getTypeName());
+
+            final String subtype = getSubtypeName();
+            if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(subtype)) {
+                builder.append("[").append(subtype).append("]");
+            }
+
+            builder.append(" ");
+            builder.append(mDetailedState);
+            if (mIsRoaming) {
+                builder.append(" ROAMING");
+            }
+            if (mExtraInfo != null) {
+                builder.append(" extra: ").append(mExtraInfo);
+            }
+            return builder.toString();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            dest.writeInt(mNetworkType);
+            dest.writeInt(mSubtype);
+            dest.writeString(mTypeName);
+            dest.writeString(mSubtypeName);
+            dest.writeString(mState.name());
+            dest.writeString(mDetailedState.name());
+            dest.writeInt(mIsFailover ? 1 : 0);
+            dest.writeInt(mIsAvailable ? 1 : 0);
+            dest.writeInt(mIsRoaming ? 1 : 0);
+            dest.writeString(mReason);
+            dest.writeString(mExtraInfo);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static final @android.annotation.NonNull Creator<NetworkInfo> CREATOR = new Creator<NetworkInfo>() {
+        @Override
+        public NetworkInfo createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+            int netType = in.readInt();
+            int subtype = in.readInt();
+            String typeName = in.readString();
+            String subtypeName = in.readString();
+            NetworkInfo netInfo = new NetworkInfo(netType, subtype, typeName, subtypeName);
+            netInfo.mState = State.valueOf(in.readString());
+            netInfo.mDetailedState = DetailedState.valueOf(in.readString());
+            netInfo.mIsFailover = in.readInt() != 0;
+            netInfo.mIsAvailable = in.readInt() != 0;
+            netInfo.mIsRoaming = in.readInt() != 0;
+            netInfo.mReason = in.readString();
+            netInfo.mExtraInfo = in.readString();
+            return netInfo;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public NetworkInfo[] newArray(int size) {
+            return new NetworkInfo[size];
+        }
+    };
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkProvider.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkProvider.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0665af5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkProvider.java
@@ -0,0 +1,332 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.IntRange;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.RequiresPermission;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.Message;
+import android.os.Messenger;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+
+/**
+ * Base class for network providers such as telephony or Wi-Fi. NetworkProviders connect the device
+ * to networks and makes them available to the core network stack by creating
+ * {@link NetworkAgent}s. The networks can then provide connectivity to apps and can be interacted
+ * with via networking APIs such as {@link ConnectivityManager}.
+ *
+ * Subclasses should implement {@link #onNetworkRequested} and {@link #onNetworkRequestWithdrawn}
+ * to receive {@link NetworkRequest}s sent by the system and by apps. A network that is not the
+ * best (highest-scoring) network for any request is generally not used by the system, and torn
+ * down.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi
+public class NetworkProvider {
+    /**
+     * {@code providerId} value that indicates the absence of a provider. It is the providerId of
+     * any NetworkProvider that is not currently registered, and of any NetworkRequest that is not
+     * currently being satisfied by a network.
+     */
+    public static final int ID_NONE = -1;
+
+    /**
+     * The first providerId value that will be allocated.
+     * @hide only used by ConnectivityService.
+     */
+    public static final int FIRST_PROVIDER_ID = 1;
+
+    /** @hide only used by ConnectivityService */
+    public static final int CMD_REQUEST_NETWORK = 1;
+    /** @hide only used by ConnectivityService */
+    public static final int CMD_CANCEL_REQUEST = 2;
+
+    private final Messenger mMessenger;
+    private final String mName;
+    private final Context mContext;
+
+    private int mProviderId = ID_NONE;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a new NetworkProvider.
+     *
+     * @param looper the Looper on which to run {@link #onNetworkRequested} and
+     *               {@link #onNetworkRequestWithdrawn}.
+     * @param name the name of the listener, used only for debugging.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public NetworkProvider(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull Looper looper, @NonNull String name) {
+        // TODO (b/174636568) : this class should be able to cache an instance of
+        // ConnectivityManager so it doesn't have to fetch it again every time.
+        final Handler handler = new Handler(looper) {
+            @Override
+            public void handleMessage(Message m) {
+                switch (m.what) {
+                    case CMD_REQUEST_NETWORK:
+                        onNetworkRequested((NetworkRequest) m.obj, m.arg1, m.arg2);
+                        break;
+                    case CMD_CANCEL_REQUEST:
+                        onNetworkRequestWithdrawn((NetworkRequest) m.obj);
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        Log.e(mName, "Unhandled message: " + m.what);
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        mContext = context;
+        mMessenger = new Messenger(handler);
+        mName = name;
+    }
+
+    // TODO: consider adding a register() method so ConnectivityManager does not need to call this.
+    /** @hide */
+    public @Nullable Messenger getMessenger() {
+        return mMessenger;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public @NonNull String getName() {
+        return mName;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the ID of this provider. This is known only once the provider is registered via
+     * {@link ConnectivityManager#registerNetworkProvider()}, otherwise the ID is {@link #ID_NONE}.
+     * This ID must be used when registering any {@link NetworkAgent}s.
+     */
+    public int getProviderId() {
+        return mProviderId;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public void setProviderId(int providerId) {
+        mProviderId = providerId;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Called when a NetworkRequest is received. The request may be a new request or an existing
+     *  request with a different score.
+     *
+     * @param request the NetworkRequest being received
+     * @param score the score of the network currently satisfying the request, or 0 if none.
+     * @param providerId the ID of the provider that created the network currently satisfying this
+     *                   request, or {@link #ID_NONE} if none.
+     *
+     *  @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public void onNetworkRequested(@NonNull NetworkRequest request,
+            @IntRange(from = 0, to = 99) int score, int providerId) {}
+
+    /**
+     *  Called when a NetworkRequest is withdrawn.
+     *  @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public void onNetworkRequestWithdrawn(@NonNull NetworkRequest request) {}
+
+    /**
+     * Asserts that no provider will ever be able to satisfy the specified request. The provider
+     * must only call this method if it knows that it is the only provider on the system capable of
+     * satisfying this request, and that the request cannot be satisfied. The application filing the
+     * request will receive an {@link NetworkCallback#onUnavailable()} callback.
+     *
+     * @param request the request that permanently cannot be fulfilled
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY)
+    public void declareNetworkRequestUnfulfillable(@NonNull NetworkRequest request) {
+        ConnectivityManager.from(mContext).declareNetworkRequestUnfulfillable(request);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A callback for parties registering a NetworkOffer.
+     *
+     * This is used with {@link ConnectivityManager#offerNetwork}. When offering a network,
+     * the system will use this callback to inform the caller that a network corresponding to
+     * this offer is needed or unneeded.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public interface NetworkOfferCallback {
+        /**
+         * Called by the system when a network for this offer is needed to satisfy some
+         * networking request.
+         */
+        void onNetworkNeeded(@NonNull NetworkRequest request);
+        /**
+         * Called by the system when this offer is no longer valuable for this request.
+         */
+        void onNetworkUnneeded(@NonNull NetworkRequest request);
+    }
+
+    private class NetworkOfferCallbackProxy extends INetworkOfferCallback.Stub {
+        @NonNull public final NetworkOfferCallback callback;
+        @NonNull private final Executor mExecutor;
+
+        NetworkOfferCallbackProxy(@NonNull final NetworkOfferCallback callback,
+                @NonNull final Executor executor) {
+            this.callback = callback;
+            this.mExecutor = executor;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onNetworkNeeded(final @NonNull NetworkRequest request) {
+            mExecutor.execute(() -> callback.onNetworkNeeded(request));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onNetworkUnneeded(final @NonNull NetworkRequest request) {
+            mExecutor.execute(() -> callback.onNetworkUnneeded(request));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @GuardedBy("mProxies")
+    @NonNull private final ArrayList<NetworkOfferCallbackProxy> mProxies = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    // Returns the proxy associated with this callback, or null if none.
+    @Nullable
+    private NetworkOfferCallbackProxy findProxyForCallback(@NonNull final NetworkOfferCallback cb) {
+        synchronized (mProxies) {
+            for (final NetworkOfferCallbackProxy p : mProxies) {
+                if (p.callback == cb) return p;
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register or update an offer for network with the passed capabilities and score.
+     *
+     * A NetworkProvider's role is to provide networks. This method is how a provider tells the
+     * connectivity stack what kind of network it may provide. The score and caps arguments act
+     * as filters that the connectivity stack uses to tell when the offer is valuable. When an
+     * offer might be preferred over existing networks, the provider will receive a call to
+     * the associated callback's {@link NetworkOfferCallback#onNetworkNeeded} method. The provider
+     * should then try to bring up this network. When an offer is no longer useful, the stack
+     * will inform the provider by calling {@link NetworkOfferCallback#onNetworkUnneeded}. The
+     * provider should stop trying to bring up such a network, or disconnect it if it already has
+     * one.
+     *
+     * The stack determines what offers are valuable according to what networks are currently
+     * available to the system, and what networking requests are made by applications. If an
+     * offer looks like it could connect a better network than any existing network for any
+     * particular request, that's when the stack decides the network is needed. If the current
+     * networking requests are all satisfied by networks that this offer couldn't possibly be a
+     * better match for, that's when the offer is no longer valuable. An offer starts out as
+     * unneeded ; the provider should not try to bring up the network until
+     * {@link NetworkOfferCallback#onNetworkNeeded} is called.
+     *
+     * Note that the offers are non-binding to the providers, in particular because providers
+     * often don't know if they will be able to bring up such a network at any given time. For
+     * example, no wireless network may be in range when the offer would be valuable. This is fine
+     * and expected ; the provider should simply continue to try to bring up the network and do so
+     * if/when it becomes possible. In the mean time, the stack will continue to satisfy requests
+     * with the best network currently available, or if none, keep the apps informed that no
+     * network can currently satisfy this request. When/if the provider can bring up the network,
+     * the connectivity stack will match it against requests, and inform interested apps of the
+     * availability of this network. This may, in turn, render the offer of some other provider
+     * low-value if all requests it used to satisfy are now better served by this network.
+     *
+     * A network can become unneeded for a reason like the above : whether the provider managed
+     * to bring up the offered network after it became needed or not, some other provider may
+     * bring up a better network than this one, making this network unneeded. A network may also
+     * become unneeded if the application making the request withdrew it (for example, after it
+     * is done transferring data, or if the user canceled an operation).
+     *
+     * The capabilities and score act as filters as to what requests the provider will see.
+     * They are not promises, but for best performance, the providers should strive to put
+     * as much known information as possible in the offer. For the score, it should put as
+     * strong a score as the networks will have, since this will filter what requests the
+     * provider sees – it's not a promise, it only serves to avoid sending requests that
+     * the provider can't ever hope to satisfy better than any current network. For capabilities,
+     * it should put all NetworkAgent-managed capabilities a network may have, even if it doesn't
+     * have them at first. This applies to INTERNET, for example ; if a provider thinks the
+     * network it can bring up for this offer may offer Internet access it should include the
+     * INTERNET bit. It's fine if the brought up network ends up not actually having INTERNET.
+     *
+     * TODO : in the future, to avoid possible infinite loops, there should be constraints on
+     * what can be put in capabilities of networks brought up for an offer. If a provider might
+     * bring up a network with or without INTERNET, then it should file two offers : this will
+     * let it know precisely what networks are needed, so it can avoid bringing up networks that
+     * won't actually satisfy requests and remove the risk for bring-up-bring-down loops.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY)
+    public void registerNetworkOffer(@NonNull final NetworkScore score,
+            @NonNull final NetworkCapabilities caps, @NonNull final Executor executor,
+            @NonNull final NetworkOfferCallback callback) {
+        // Can't offer a network with a provider that is not yet registered or already unregistered.
+        final int providerId = mProviderId;
+        if (providerId == ID_NONE) return;
+        NetworkOfferCallbackProxy proxy = null;
+        synchronized (mProxies) {
+            for (final NetworkOfferCallbackProxy existingProxy : mProxies) {
+                if (existingProxy.callback == callback) {
+                    proxy = existingProxy;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (null == proxy) {
+                proxy = new NetworkOfferCallbackProxy(callback, executor);
+                mProxies.add(proxy);
+            }
+        }
+        mContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class)
+                .offerNetwork(providerId, score, caps, proxy);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Withdraw a network offer previously made to the networking stack.
+     *
+     * If a provider can no longer provide a network they offered, it should call this method.
+     * An example of usage could be if the hardware necessary to bring up the network was turned
+     * off in UI by the user. Note that because offers are never binding, the provider might
+     * alternatively decide not to withdraw this offer and simply refuse to bring up the network
+     * even when it's needed. However, withdrawing the request is slightly more resource-efficient
+     * because the networking stack won't have to compare this offer to exiting networks to see
+     * if it could beat any of them, and may be advantageous to the provider's implementation that
+     * can rely on no longer receiving callbacks for a network that they can't bring up anyways.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY)
+    public void unregisterNetworkOffer(final @NonNull NetworkOfferCallback callback) {
+        final NetworkOfferCallbackProxy proxy = findProxyForCallback(callback);
+        if (null == proxy) return;
+        mProxies.remove(proxy);
+        mContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class).unofferNetwork(proxy);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkReleasedException.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkReleasedException.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cdfb6a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkReleasedException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+
+/**
+ * Indicates that the {@link Network} was released and is no longer available.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi
+public class NetworkReleasedException extends Exception {
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public NetworkReleasedException() {
+        super("The network was released and is no longer available");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f9d845
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,790 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_DUN;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.RequiresPermission;
+import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NetCapability;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Transport;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+import android.os.Process;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+import android.util.Range;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * Defines a request for a network, made through {@link NetworkRequest.Builder} and used
+ * to request a network via {@link ConnectivityManager#requestNetwork} or listen for changes
+ * via {@link ConnectivityManager#registerNetworkCallback}.
+ */
+public class NetworkRequest implements Parcelable {
+    /**
+     * The first requestId value that will be allocated.
+     * @hide only used by ConnectivityService.
+     */
+    public static final int FIRST_REQUEST_ID = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * The requestId value that represents the absence of a request.
+     * @hide only used by ConnectivityService.
+     */
+    public static final int REQUEST_ID_NONE = -1;
+
+    /**
+     * The {@link NetworkCapabilities} that define this request.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    public final @NonNull NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities;
+
+    /**
+     * Identifies the request.  NetworkRequests should only be constructed by
+     * the Framework and given out to applications as tokens to be used to identify
+     * the request.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    public final int requestId;
+
+    /**
+     * Set for legacy requests and the default.  Set to TYPE_NONE for none.
+     * Causes CONNECTIVITY_ACTION broadcasts to be sent.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.P, trackingBug = 115609023)
+    public final int legacyType;
+
+    /**
+     * A NetworkRequest as used by the system can be one of the following types:
+     *
+     *     - LISTEN, for which the framework will issue callbacks about any
+     *       and all networks that match the specified NetworkCapabilities,
+     *
+     *     - REQUEST, capable of causing a specific network to be created
+     *       first (e.g. a telephony DUN request), the framework will issue
+     *       callbacks about the single, highest scoring current network
+     *       (if any) that matches the specified NetworkCapabilities, or
+     *
+     *     - TRACK_DEFAULT, which causes the framework to issue callbacks for
+     *       the single, highest scoring current network (if any) that will
+     *       be chosen for an app, but which cannot cause the framework to
+     *       either create or retain the existence of any specific network.
+     *
+     *     - TRACK_SYSTEM_DEFAULT, which causes the framework to send callbacks
+     *       for the network (if any) that satisfies the default Internet
+     *       request.
+     *
+     *     - TRACK_BEST, which causes the framework to send callbacks about
+     *       the single, highest scoring current network (if any) that matches
+     *       the specified NetworkCapabilities.
+     *
+     *     - BACKGROUND_REQUEST, like REQUEST but does not cause any networks
+     *       to retain the NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND capability. A network with
+     *       no foreground requests is in the background. A network that has
+     *       one or more background requests and loses its last foreground
+     *       request to a higher-scoring network will not go into the
+     *       background immediately, but will linger and go into the background
+     *       after the linger timeout.
+     *
+     *     - The value NONE is used only by applications. When an application
+     *       creates a NetworkRequest, it does not have a type; the type is set
+     *       by the system depending on the method used to file the request
+     *       (requestNetwork, registerNetworkCallback, etc.).
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static enum Type {
+        NONE,
+        LISTEN,
+        TRACK_DEFAULT,
+        REQUEST,
+        BACKGROUND_REQUEST,
+        TRACK_SYSTEM_DEFAULT,
+        LISTEN_FOR_BEST,
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * The type of the request. This is only used by the system and is always NONE elsewhere.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public final Type type;
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public NetworkRequest(NetworkCapabilities nc, int legacyType, int rId, Type type) {
+        if (nc == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException();
+        }
+        requestId = rId;
+        networkCapabilities = nc;
+        this.legacyType = legacyType;
+        this.type = type;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public NetworkRequest(NetworkRequest that) {
+        networkCapabilities = new NetworkCapabilities(that.networkCapabilities);
+        requestId = that.requestId;
+        this.legacyType = that.legacyType;
+        this.type = that.type;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Builder used to create {@link NetworkRequest} objects.  Specify the Network features
+     * needed in terms of {@link NetworkCapabilities} features
+     */
+    public static class Builder {
+        /**
+         * Capabilities that are currently compatible with VCN networks.
+         */
+        private static final List<Integer> VCN_SUPPORTED_CAPABILITIES = Arrays.asList(
+                NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL,
+                NET_CAPABILITY_DUN,
+                NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND,
+                NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET,
+                NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED,
+                NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED,
+                NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED,
+                NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING,
+                NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED,
+                NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN,
+                NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY,
+                NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED,
+                NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED,
+                NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED);
+
+        private final NetworkCapabilities mNetworkCapabilities;
+
+        // A boolean that represents whether the NOT_VCN_MANAGED capability should be deduced when
+        // the NetworkRequest object is built.
+        private boolean mShouldDeduceNotVcnManaged = true;
+
+        /**
+         * Default constructor for Builder.
+         */
+        public Builder() {
+            // By default, restrict this request to networks available to this app.
+            // Apps can rescind this restriction, but ConnectivityService will enforce
+            // it for apps that do not have the NETWORK_SETTINGS permission.
+            mNetworkCapabilities = new NetworkCapabilities();
+            mNetworkCapabilities.setSingleUid(Process.myUid());
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a new Builder of NetworkRequest from an existing instance.
+         */
+        public Builder(@NonNull final NetworkRequest request) {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(request);
+            mNetworkCapabilities = request.networkCapabilities;
+            // If the caller constructed the builder from a request, it means the user
+            // might explicitly want the capabilities from the request. Thus, the NOT_VCN_MANAGED
+            // capabilities should not be touched later.
+            mShouldDeduceNotVcnManaged = false;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Build {@link NetworkRequest} give the current set of capabilities.
+         */
+        public NetworkRequest build() {
+            // Make a copy of mNetworkCapabilities so we don't inadvertently remove NOT_RESTRICTED
+            // when later an unrestricted capability could be added to mNetworkCapabilities, in
+            // which case NOT_RESTRICTED should be returned to mNetworkCapabilities, which
+            // maybeMarkCapabilitiesRestricted() doesn't add back.
+            final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities(mNetworkCapabilities);
+            nc.maybeMarkCapabilitiesRestricted();
+            deduceNotVcnManagedCapability(nc);
+            return new NetworkRequest(nc, ConnectivityManager.TYPE_NONE,
+                    ConnectivityManager.REQUEST_ID_UNSET, Type.NONE);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Add the given capability requirement to this builder.  These represent
+         * the requested network's required capabilities.  Note that when searching
+         * for a network to satisfy a request, all capabilities requested must be
+         * satisfied.
+         *
+         * @param capability The capability to add.
+         * @return The builder to facilitate chaining
+         *         {@code builder.addCapability(...).addCapability();}.
+         */
+        public Builder addCapability(@NetworkCapabilities.NetCapability int capability) {
+            mNetworkCapabilities.addCapability(capability);
+            if (capability == NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED) {
+                mShouldDeduceNotVcnManaged = false;
+            }
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Removes (if found) the given capability from this builder instance.
+         *
+         * @param capability The capability to remove.
+         * @return The builder to facilitate chaining.
+         */
+        public Builder removeCapability(@NetworkCapabilities.NetCapability int capability) {
+            mNetworkCapabilities.removeCapability(capability);
+            if (capability == NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED) {
+                mShouldDeduceNotVcnManaged = false;
+            }
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the {@code NetworkCapabilities} for this builder instance,
+         * overriding any capabilities that had been previously set.
+         *
+         * @param nc The superseding {@code NetworkCapabilities} instance.
+         * @return The builder to facilitate chaining.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        public Builder setCapabilities(NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+            mNetworkCapabilities.set(nc);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sets this request to match only networks that apply to the specified UIDs.
+         *
+         * By default, the set of UIDs is the UID of the calling app, and this request will match
+         * any network that applies to the app. Setting it to {@code null} will observe any
+         * network on the system, even if it does not apply to this app. In this case, any
+         * {@link NetworkSpecifier} set on this request will be redacted or removed to prevent the
+         * application deducing restricted information such as location.
+         *
+         * @param uids The UIDs as a set of {@code Range<Integer>}, or null for everything.
+         * @return The builder to facilitate chaining.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+        @SuppressLint("MissingGetterMatchingBuilder")
+        public Builder setUids(@Nullable Set<Range<Integer>> uids) {
+            mNetworkCapabilities.setUids(uids);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Add a capability that must not exist in the requested network.
+         * <p>
+         * If the capability was previously added to the list of required capabilities (for
+         * example, it was there by default or added using {@link #addCapability(int)} method), then
+         * it will be removed from the list of required capabilities as well.
+         *
+         * @see #addCapability(int)
+         *
+         * @param capability The capability to add to forbidden capability list.
+         * @return The builder to facilitate chaining.
+         *
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        @SuppressLint("MissingGetterMatchingBuilder")
+        @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+        public Builder addForbiddenCapability(@NetworkCapabilities.NetCapability int capability) {
+            mNetworkCapabilities.addForbiddenCapability(capability);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Removes (if found) the given forbidden capability from this builder instance.
+         *
+         * @param capability The forbidden capability to remove.
+         * @return The builder to facilitate chaining.
+         *
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        @SuppressLint("BuilderSetStyle")
+        @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+        public Builder removeForbiddenCapability(
+                @NetworkCapabilities.NetCapability int capability) {
+            mNetworkCapabilities.removeForbiddenCapability(capability);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Completely clears all the {@code NetworkCapabilities} from this builder instance,
+         * removing even the capabilities that are set by default when the object is constructed.
+         *
+         * @return The builder to facilitate chaining.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder clearCapabilities() {
+            mNetworkCapabilities.clearAll();
+            // If the caller explicitly clear all capabilities, the NOT_VCN_MANAGED capabilities
+            // should not be add back later.
+            mShouldDeduceNotVcnManaged = false;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Adds the given transport requirement to this builder.  These represent
+         * the set of allowed transports for the request.  Only networks using one
+         * of these transports will satisfy the request.  If no particular transports
+         * are required, none should be specified here.
+         *
+         * @param transportType The transport type to add.
+         * @return The builder to facilitate chaining.
+         */
+        public Builder addTransportType(@NetworkCapabilities.Transport int transportType) {
+            mNetworkCapabilities.addTransportType(transportType);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Removes (if found) the given transport from this builder instance.
+         *
+         * @param transportType The transport type to remove.
+         * @return The builder to facilitate chaining.
+         */
+        public Builder removeTransportType(@NetworkCapabilities.Transport int transportType) {
+            mNetworkCapabilities.removeTransportType(transportType);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @hide
+         */
+        public Builder setLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps(int upKbps) {
+            mNetworkCapabilities.setLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps(upKbps);
+            return this;
+        }
+        /**
+         * @hide
+         */
+        public Builder setLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps(int downKbps) {
+            mNetworkCapabilities.setLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps(downKbps);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sets the optional bearer specific network specifier.
+         * This has no meaning if a single transport is also not specified, so calling
+         * this without a single transport set will generate an exception, as will
+         * subsequently adding or removing transports after this is set.
+         * </p>
+         * If the {@code networkSpecifier} is provided, it shall be interpreted as follows:
+         * <ul>
+         * <li>If the specifier can be parsed as an integer, it will be treated as a
+         * {@link android.net TelephonyNetworkSpecifier}, and the provided integer will be
+         * interpreted as a SubscriptionId.
+         * <li>If the value is an ethernet interface name, it will be treated as such.
+         * <li>For all other cases, the behavior is undefined.
+         * </ul>
+         *
+         * @param networkSpecifier A {@code String} of either a SubscriptionId in cellular
+         *                         network request or an ethernet interface name in ethernet
+         *                         network request.
+         *
+         * @deprecated Use {@link #setNetworkSpecifier(NetworkSpecifier)} instead.
+         */
+        @SuppressLint("NewApi") // TODO: b/193460475 remove once fixed
+        @Deprecated
+        public Builder setNetworkSpecifier(String networkSpecifier) {
+            try {
+                int subId = Integer.parseInt(networkSpecifier);
+                return setNetworkSpecifier(new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier.Builder()
+                        .setSubscriptionId(subId).build());
+            } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
+                // An EthernetNetworkSpecifier or TestNetworkSpecifier does not accept null or empty
+                // ("") strings. When network specifiers were strings a null string and an empty
+                // string were considered equivalent. Hence no meaning is attached to a null or
+                // empty ("") string.
+                if (TextUtils.isEmpty(networkSpecifier)) {
+                    return setNetworkSpecifier((NetworkSpecifier) null);
+                } else if (mNetworkCapabilities.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_TEST)) {
+                    return setNetworkSpecifier(new TestNetworkSpecifier(networkSpecifier));
+                } else {
+                    // TODO: b/193460475 remove comment once fixed
+                    // @SuppressLint("NewApi") is due to EthernetNetworkSpecifier being changed
+                    // from @SystemApi to public. EthernetNetworkSpecifier was introduced in Android
+                    // 12 as @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES) and made public in Android 13.
+                    // b/193460475 means in the above situation the tools will think
+                    // EthernetNetworkSpecifier didn't exist in Android 12, causing the NewApi lint
+                    // to fail. In this case, this is actually safe because this code was
+                    // modularized in Android 12, so it can't run on SDKs before Android 12 and is
+                    // therefore guaranteed to always have this class available to it.
+                    return setNetworkSpecifier(new EthernetNetworkSpecifier(networkSpecifier));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sets the optional bearer specific network specifier.
+         * This has no meaning if a single transport is also not specified, so calling
+         * this without a single transport set will generate an exception, as will
+         * subsequently adding or removing transports after this is set.
+         * </p>
+         *
+         * @param networkSpecifier A concrete, parcelable framework class that extends
+         *                         NetworkSpecifier.
+         */
+        public Builder setNetworkSpecifier(NetworkSpecifier networkSpecifier) {
+            if (networkSpecifier instanceof MatchAllNetworkSpecifier) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("A MatchAllNetworkSpecifier is not permitted");
+            }
+            mNetworkCapabilities.setNetworkSpecifier(networkSpecifier);
+            // Do not touch NOT_VCN_MANAGED if the caller needs to access to a very specific
+            // Network.
+            mShouldDeduceNotVcnManaged = false;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sets the signal strength. This is a signed integer, with higher values indicating a
+         * stronger signal. The exact units are bearer-dependent. For example, Wi-Fi uses the same
+         * RSSI units reported by WifiManager.
+         * <p>
+         * Note that when used to register a network callback, this specifies the minimum acceptable
+         * signal strength. When received as the state of an existing network it specifies the
+         * current value. A value of {@code SIGNAL_STRENGTH_UNSPECIFIED} means no value when
+         * received and has no effect when requesting a callback.
+         *
+         * <p>This method requires the caller to hold the
+         * {@link android.Manifest.permission#NETWORK_SIGNAL_STRENGTH_WAKEUP} permission
+         *
+         * @param signalStrength the bearer-specific signal strength.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @SystemApi
+        @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SIGNAL_STRENGTH_WAKEUP)
+        public @NonNull Builder setSignalStrength(int signalStrength) {
+            mNetworkCapabilities.setSignalStrength(signalStrength);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Deduce the NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED capability from other capabilities
+         * and user intention, which includes:
+         *   1. For the requests that don't have anything besides
+         *      {@link #VCN_SUPPORTED_CAPABILITIES}, add the NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED to
+         *      allow the callers automatically utilize VCN networks if available.
+         *   2. For the requests that explicitly add or remove NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED,
+         *      or has clear intention of tracking specific network,
+         *      do not alter them to allow user fire request that suits their need.
+         *
+         * @hide
+         */
+        private void deduceNotVcnManagedCapability(final NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+            if (!mShouldDeduceNotVcnManaged) return;
+            for (final int cap : nc.getCapabilities()) {
+                if (!VCN_SUPPORTED_CAPABILITIES.contains(cap)) return;
+            }
+            nc.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sets the optional subscription ID set.
+         * <p>
+         * This specify the subscription IDs requirement.
+         * A network will satisfy this request only if it matches one of the subIds in this set.
+         * An empty set matches all networks, including those without a subId.
+         *
+         * <p>Registering a NetworkRequest with a non-empty set of subIds requires the
+         * NETWORK_FACTORY permission.
+         *
+         * @param subIds A {@code Set} that represents subscription IDs.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        @SystemApi
+        public Builder setSubscriptionIds(@NonNull Set<Integer> subIds) {
+            mNetworkCapabilities.setSubscriptionIds(subIds);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Specifies whether the built request should also match networks that do not apply to the
+         * calling UID.
+         *
+         * By default, the built request will only match networks that apply to the calling UID.
+         * If this method is called with {@code true}, the built request will match any network on
+         * the system that matches the other parameters of the request. In this case, any
+         * information in the built request that is subject to redaction for security or privacy
+         * purposes, such as a {@link NetworkSpecifier}, will be redacted or removed to prevent the
+         * application deducing sensitive information.
+         *
+         * @param include Whether to match networks that do not apply to the calling UID.
+         * @return The builder to facilitate chaining.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setIncludeOtherUidNetworks(boolean include) {
+            if (include) {
+                mNetworkCapabilities.setUids(null);
+            } else {
+                mNetworkCapabilities.setSingleUid(Process.myUid());
+            }
+            return this;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // implement the Parcelable interface
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
+        networkCapabilities.writeToParcel(dest, flags);
+        dest.writeInt(legacyType);
+        dest.writeInt(requestId);
+        dest.writeString(type.name());
+    }
+
+    public static final @android.annotation.NonNull Creator<NetworkRequest> CREATOR =
+        new Creator<NetworkRequest>() {
+            public NetworkRequest createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+                NetworkCapabilities nc = NetworkCapabilities.CREATOR.createFromParcel(in);
+                int legacyType = in.readInt();
+                int requestId = in.readInt();
+                Type type = Type.valueOf(in.readString());  // IllegalArgumentException if invalid.
+                NetworkRequest result = new NetworkRequest(nc, legacyType, requestId, type);
+                return result;
+            }
+            public NetworkRequest[] newArray(int size) {
+                return new NetworkRequest[size];
+            }
+        };
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true iff. this NetworkRequest is of type LISTEN.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean isListen() {
+        return type == Type.LISTEN;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true iff. this NetworkRequest is of type LISTEN_FOR_BEST.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean isListenForBest() {
+        return type == Type.LISTEN_FOR_BEST;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true iff. the contained NetworkRequest is one that:
+     *
+     *     - should be associated with at most one satisfying network
+     *       at a time;
+     *
+     *     - should cause a network to be kept up, but not necessarily in
+     *       the foreground, if it is the best network which can satisfy the
+     *       NetworkRequest.
+     *
+     * For full detail of how isRequest() is used for pairing Networks with
+     * NetworkRequests read rematchNetworkAndRequests().
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean isRequest() {
+        return type == Type.REQUEST || type == Type.BACKGROUND_REQUEST;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true iff. this NetworkRequest is of type BACKGROUND_REQUEST.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean isBackgroundRequest() {
+        return type == Type.BACKGROUND_REQUEST;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see Builder#addCapability(int)
+     */
+    public boolean hasCapability(@NetCapability int capability) {
+        return networkCapabilities.hasCapability(capability);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see Builder#addForbiddenCapability(int)
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public boolean hasForbiddenCapability(@NetCapability int capability) {
+        return networkCapabilities.hasForbiddenCapability(capability);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if and only if the capabilities requested in this NetworkRequest are satisfied
+     * by the provided {@link NetworkCapabilities}.
+     *
+     * @param nc Capabilities that should satisfy this NetworkRequest. null capabilities do not
+     *           satisfy any request.
+     */
+    public boolean canBeSatisfiedBy(@Nullable NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        return networkCapabilities.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(nc);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see Builder#addTransportType(int)
+     */
+    public boolean hasTransport(@Transport int transportType) {
+        return networkCapabilities.hasTransport(transportType);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see Builder#setNetworkSpecifier(NetworkSpecifier)
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public NetworkSpecifier getNetworkSpecifier() {
+        return networkCapabilities.getNetworkSpecifier();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the uid of the app making the request.
+     *
+     * Note: This could return {@link Process#INVALID_UID} if the {@link NetworkRequest} object was
+     * not obtained from {@link ConnectivityManager}.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public int getRequestorUid() {
+        return networkCapabilities.getRequestorUid();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the package name of the app making the request.
+     *
+     * Note: This could return {@code null} if the {@link NetworkRequest} object was not obtained
+     * from {@link ConnectivityManager}.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    @Nullable
+    public String getRequestorPackageName() {
+        return networkCapabilities.getRequestorPackageName();
+    }
+
+    public String toString() {
+        return "NetworkRequest [ " + type + " id=" + requestId +
+                (legacyType != ConnectivityManager.TYPE_NONE ? ", legacyType=" + legacyType : "") +
+                ", " + networkCapabilities.toString() + " ]";
+    }
+
+    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
+        if (obj instanceof NetworkRequest == false) return false;
+        NetworkRequest that = (NetworkRequest)obj;
+        return (that.legacyType == this.legacyType &&
+                that.requestId == this.requestId &&
+                that.type == this.type &&
+                Objects.equals(that.networkCapabilities, this.networkCapabilities));
+    }
+
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hash(requestId, legacyType, networkCapabilities, type);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets all the capabilities set on this {@code NetworkRequest} instance.
+     *
+     * @return an array of capability values for this instance.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public @NetCapability int[] getCapabilities() {
+        // No need to make a defensive copy here as NC#getCapabilities() already returns
+        // a new array.
+        return networkCapabilities.getCapabilities();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the enteprise identifiers.
+     *
+     * Get all the enterprise identifiers set on this {@code NetworkCapability}
+     * @return array of all the enterprise identifiers.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public @NonNull @NetworkCapabilities.EnterpriseId int[] getEnterpriseIds() {
+        // No need to make a defensive copy here as NC#getCapabilities() already returns
+        // a new array.
+        return networkCapabilities.getEnterpriseIds();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests for the presence of an enterprise identifier on this instance.
+     *
+     * @param enterpriseId the enterprise capability identifier to be tested for.
+     * @return {@code true} if set on this instance.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public boolean hasEnterpriseId(
+            @NetworkCapabilities.EnterpriseId int enterpriseId) {
+        return networkCapabilities.hasEnterpriseId(enterpriseId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets all the forbidden capabilities set on this {@code NetworkRequest} instance.
+     *
+     * @return an array of forbidden capability values for this instance.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public @NetCapability int[] getForbiddenCapabilities() {
+        // No need to make a defensive copy here as NC#getForbiddenCapabilities() already returns
+        // a new array.
+        return networkCapabilities.getForbiddenCapabilities();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets all the transports set on this {@code NetworkRequest} instance.
+     *
+     * @return an array of transport type values for this instance.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public @Transport int[] getTransportTypes() {
+        // No need to make a defensive copy here as NC#getTransportTypes() already returns
+        // a new array.
+        return networkCapabilities.getTransportTypes();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkScore.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkScore.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7be7deb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkScore.java
@@ -0,0 +1,328 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.IntDef;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+
+/**
+ * Object representing the quality of a network as perceived by the user.
+ *
+ * A NetworkScore object represents the characteristics of a network that affects how good the
+ * network is considered for a particular use.
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi
+public final class NetworkScore implements Parcelable {
+    // This will be removed soon. Do *NOT* depend on it for any new code that is not part of
+    // a migration.
+    private final int mLegacyInt;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(value = {
+            KEEP_CONNECTED_NONE,
+            KEEP_CONNECTED_FOR_HANDOVER
+    })
+    public @interface KeepConnectedReason { }
+
+    /**
+     * Do not keep this network connected if there is no outstanding request for it.
+     */
+    public static final int KEEP_CONNECTED_NONE = 0;
+    /**
+     * Keep this network connected even if there is no outstanding request for it, because it
+     * is being considered for handover.
+     */
+    public static final int KEEP_CONNECTED_FOR_HANDOVER = 1;
+
+    // Agent-managed policies
+    // This network should lose to a wifi that has ever been validated
+    // NOTE : temporarily this policy is managed by ConnectivityService, because of legacy. The
+    // legacy design has this bit global to the system and tacked on WiFi which means it will affect
+    // networks from carriers who don't want it and non-carrier networks, which is bad for users.
+    // The S design has this on mobile networks only, so this can be fixed eventually ; as CS
+    // doesn't know what carriers need this bit, the initial S implementation will continue to
+    // affect other carriers but will at least leave non-mobile networks alone. Eventually Telephony
+    // should set this on networks from carriers that require it.
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int POLICY_YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI = 1;
+    // This network is primary for this transport.
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int POLICY_TRANSPORT_PRIMARY = 2;
+    // This network is exiting : it will likely disconnect in a few seconds.
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int POLICY_EXITING = 3;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int MIN_AGENT_MANAGED_POLICY = POLICY_YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI;
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int MAX_AGENT_MANAGED_POLICY = POLICY_EXITING;
+
+    // Bitmask of all the policies applied to this score.
+    private final long mPolicies;
+
+    private final int mKeepConnectedReason;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    NetworkScore(final int legacyInt, final long policies,
+            @KeepConnectedReason final int keepConnectedReason) {
+        mLegacyInt = legacyInt;
+        mPolicies = policies;
+        mKeepConnectedReason = keepConnectedReason;
+    }
+
+    private NetworkScore(@NonNull final Parcel in) {
+        mLegacyInt = in.readInt();
+        mPolicies = in.readLong();
+        mKeepConnectedReason = in.readInt();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the legacy int score embedded in this NetworkScore.
+     * @see Builder#setLegacyInt(int)
+     */
+    public int getLegacyInt() {
+        return mLegacyInt;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the keep-connected reason, or KEEP_CONNECTED_NONE.
+     */
+    public int getKeepConnectedReason() {
+        return mKeepConnectedReason;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return whether this score has a particular policy.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public boolean hasPolicy(final int policy) {
+        return 0 != (mPolicies & (1L << policy));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * To the exclusive usage of FullScore
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public long getPolicies() {
+        return mPolicies;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Whether this network should yield to a previously validated wifi gone bad.
+     *
+     * If this policy is set, other things being equal, the device will prefer a previously
+     * validated WiFi even if this network is validated and the WiFi is not.
+     * If this policy is not set, the device prefers the validated network.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    // TODO : Unhide this for telephony and have telephony call it on the relevant carriers.
+    // In the mean time this is handled by Connectivity in a backward-compatible manner.
+    public boolean shouldYieldToBadWifi() {
+        return hasPolicy(POLICY_YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Whether this network is primary for this transport.
+     *
+     * When multiple networks of the same transport are active, the device prefers the ones that
+     * are primary. This is meant in particular for DS-DA devices with a user setting to choose the
+     * default SIM card, or for WiFi STA+STA and make-before-break cases.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public boolean isTransportPrimary() {
+        return hasPolicy(POLICY_TRANSPORT_PRIMARY);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Whether this network is exiting.
+     *
+     * If this policy is set, the device will expect this network to disconnect within seconds.
+     * It will try to migrate to some other network if any is available, policy permitting, to
+     * avoid service disruption.
+     * This is useful in particular when a good cellular network is available and WiFi is getting
+     * weak and risks disconnecting soon. The WiFi network should be marked as exiting so that
+     * the device will prefer the reliable mobile network over this soon-to-be-lost WiFi.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public boolean isExiting() {
+        return hasPolicy(POLICY_EXITING);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "Score(" + mLegacyInt + " ; Policies : " + mPolicies + ")";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(@NonNull final Parcel dest, final int flags) {
+        dest.writeInt(mLegacyInt);
+        dest.writeLong(mPolicies);
+        dest.writeInt(mKeepConnectedReason);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @NonNull public static final Creator<NetworkScore> CREATOR = new Creator<>() {
+        @Override
+        @NonNull
+        public NetworkScore createFromParcel(@NonNull final Parcel in) {
+            return new NetworkScore(in);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        @NonNull
+        public NetworkScore[] newArray(int size) {
+            return new NetworkScore[size];
+        }
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * A builder for NetworkScore.
+     */
+    public static final class Builder {
+        private static final long POLICY_NONE = 0L;
+        private static final int INVALID_LEGACY_INT = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
+        private int mLegacyInt = INVALID_LEGACY_INT;
+        private int mKeepConnectedReason = KEEP_CONNECTED_NONE;
+        private int mPolicies = 0;
+
+        /**
+         * Sets the legacy int for this score.
+         *
+         * This will be used for measurements and logs, but will no longer be used for ranking
+         * networks against each other. Callers that existed before Android S should send what
+         * they used to send as the int score.
+         *
+         * @param score the legacy int
+         * @return this
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setLegacyInt(final int score) {
+            mLegacyInt = score;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+
+        /**
+         * Set for a network that should never be preferred to a wifi that has ever been validated
+         *
+         * If this policy is set, other things being equal, the device will prefer a previously
+         * validated WiFi even if this network is validated and the WiFi is not.
+         * If this policy is not set, the device prefers the validated network.
+         *
+         * @return this builder
+         * @hide
+         */
+        // TODO : Unhide this for telephony and have telephony call it on the relevant carriers.
+        // In the mean time this is handled by Connectivity in a backward-compatible manner.
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setShouldYieldToBadWifi(final boolean val) {
+            if (val) {
+                mPolicies |= (1L << POLICY_YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI);
+            } else {
+                mPolicies &= ~(1L << POLICY_YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI);
+            }
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set for a network that is primary for this transport.
+         *
+         * When multiple networks of the same transport are active, the device prefers the ones that
+         * are primary. This is meant in particular for DS-DA devices with a user setting to choose
+         * the default SIM card, or for WiFi STA+STA and make-before-break cases.
+         *
+         * @return this builder
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @SystemApi
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setTransportPrimary(final boolean val) {
+            if (val) {
+                mPolicies |= (1L << POLICY_TRANSPORT_PRIMARY);
+            } else {
+                mPolicies &= ~(1L << POLICY_TRANSPORT_PRIMARY);
+            }
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set for a network that will likely disconnect in a few seconds.
+         *
+         * If this policy is set, the device will expect this network to disconnect within seconds.
+         * It will try to migrate to some other network if any is available, policy permitting, to
+         * avoid service disruption.
+         * This is useful in particular when a good cellular network is available and WiFi is
+         * getting weak and risks disconnecting soon. The WiFi network should be marked as exiting
+         * so that the device will prefer the reliable mobile network over this soon-to-be-lost
+         * WiFi.
+         *
+         * @return this builder
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @SystemApi
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setExiting(final boolean val) {
+            if (val) {
+                mPolicies |= (1L << POLICY_EXITING);
+            } else {
+                mPolicies &= ~(1L << POLICY_EXITING);
+            }
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the keep-connected reason.
+         *
+         * This can be reset by calling it again with {@link KEEP_CONNECTED_NONE}.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setKeepConnectedReason(@KeepConnectedReason final int reason) {
+            mKeepConnectedReason = reason;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Builds this NetworkScore.
+         * @return The built NetworkScore object.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public NetworkScore build() {
+            return new NetworkScore(mLegacyInt, mPolicies, mKeepConnectedReason);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkState.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkState.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b69674
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkState.java
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+/**
+ * Snapshot of network state.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class NetworkState implements Parcelable {
+    private static final boolean VALIDATE_ROAMING_STATE = false;
+
+    // TODO: remove and make members @NonNull.
+    public static final NetworkState EMPTY = new NetworkState();
+
+    public final NetworkInfo networkInfo;
+    public final LinkProperties linkProperties;
+    public final NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities;
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.P, trackingBug = 115609023)
+    public final Network network;
+    public final String subscriberId;
+    public final int legacyNetworkType;
+
+    private NetworkState() {
+        networkInfo = null;
+        linkProperties = null;
+        networkCapabilities = null;
+        network = null;
+        subscriberId = null;
+        legacyNetworkType = 0;
+    }
+
+    public NetworkState(int legacyNetworkType, @NonNull LinkProperties linkProperties,
+            @NonNull NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities, @NonNull Network network,
+            @Nullable String subscriberId) {
+        this(legacyNetworkType, new NetworkInfo(legacyNetworkType, 0, null, null), linkProperties,
+                networkCapabilities, network, subscriberId);
+    }
+
+    // Constructor that used internally in ConnectivityService mainline module.
+    public NetworkState(@NonNull NetworkInfo networkInfo, @NonNull LinkProperties linkProperties,
+            @NonNull NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities, @NonNull Network network,
+            @Nullable String subscriberId) {
+        this(networkInfo.getType(), networkInfo, linkProperties,
+                networkCapabilities, network, subscriberId);
+    }
+
+    public NetworkState(int legacyNetworkType, @NonNull NetworkInfo networkInfo,
+            @NonNull LinkProperties linkProperties,
+            @NonNull NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities, @NonNull Network network,
+            @Nullable String subscriberId) {
+        this.networkInfo = networkInfo;
+        this.linkProperties = linkProperties;
+        this.networkCapabilities = networkCapabilities;
+        this.network = network;
+        this.subscriberId = subscriberId;
+        this.legacyNetworkType = legacyNetworkType;
+
+        // This object is an atomic view of a network, so the various components
+        // should always agree on roaming state.
+        if (VALIDATE_ROAMING_STATE && networkInfo != null && networkCapabilities != null) {
+            if (networkInfo.isRoaming() == networkCapabilities
+                    .hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING)) {
+                Log.wtf("NetworkState", "Roaming state disagreement between " + networkInfo
+                        + " and " + networkCapabilities);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public NetworkState(Parcel in) {
+        networkInfo = in.readParcelable(null);
+        linkProperties = in.readParcelable(null);
+        networkCapabilities = in.readParcelable(null);
+        network = in.readParcelable(null);
+        subscriberId = in.readString();
+        legacyNetworkType = in.readInt();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(Parcel out, int flags) {
+        out.writeParcelable(networkInfo, flags);
+        out.writeParcelable(linkProperties, flags);
+        out.writeParcelable(networkCapabilities, flags);
+        out.writeParcelable(network, flags);
+        out.writeString(subscriberId);
+        out.writeInt(legacyNetworkType);
+    }
+
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    @NonNull
+    public static final Creator<NetworkState> CREATOR = new Creator<NetworkState>() {
+        @Override
+        public NetworkState createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+            return new NetworkState(in);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public NetworkState[] newArray(int size) {
+            return new NetworkState[size];
+        }
+    };
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkUtils.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkUtils.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2679b62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkUtils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,429 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.NETID_UNSET;
+
+import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.Pair;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Inet4AddressUtils;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.SocketException;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.TreeSet;
+
+/**
+ * Native methods for managing network interfaces.
+ *
+ * {@hide}
+ */
+public class NetworkUtils {
+    static {
+        System.loadLibrary("framework-connectivity-jni");
+    }
+
+    private static final String TAG = "NetworkUtils";
+
+    /**
+     * Attaches a socket filter that drops all of incoming packets.
+     * @param fd the socket's {@link FileDescriptor}.
+     */
+    public static native void attachDropAllBPFFilter(FileDescriptor fd) throws SocketException;
+
+    /**
+     * Detaches a socket filter.
+     * @param fd the socket's {@link FileDescriptor}.
+     */
+    public static native void detachBPFFilter(FileDescriptor fd) throws SocketException;
+
+    private static native boolean bindProcessToNetworkHandle(long netHandle);
+
+    /**
+     * Binds the current process to the network designated by {@code netId}.  All sockets created
+     * in the future (and not explicitly bound via a bound {@link SocketFactory} (see
+     * {@link Network#getSocketFactory}) will be bound to this network.  Note that if this
+     * {@code Network} ever disconnects all sockets created in this way will cease to work.  This
+     * is by design so an application doesn't accidentally use sockets it thinks are still bound to
+     * a particular {@code Network}.  Passing NETID_UNSET clears the binding.
+     */
+    public static boolean bindProcessToNetwork(int netId) {
+        return bindProcessToNetworkHandle(new Network(netId).getNetworkHandle());
+    }
+
+    private static native long getBoundNetworkHandleForProcess();
+
+    /**
+     * Return the netId last passed to {@link #bindProcessToNetwork}, or NETID_UNSET if
+     * {@link #unbindProcessToNetwork} has been called since {@link #bindProcessToNetwork}.
+     */
+    public static int getBoundNetworkForProcess() {
+        final long netHandle = getBoundNetworkHandleForProcess();
+        return netHandle == 0L ? NETID_UNSET : Network.fromNetworkHandle(netHandle).getNetId();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Binds host resolutions performed by this process to the network designated by {@code netId}.
+     * {@link #bindProcessToNetwork} takes precedence over this setting.  Passing NETID_UNSET clears
+     * the binding.
+     *
+     * @deprecated This is strictly for legacy usage to support startUsingNetworkFeature().
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public native static boolean bindProcessToNetworkForHostResolution(int netId);
+
+    private static native int bindSocketToNetworkHandle(FileDescriptor fd, long netHandle);
+
+    /**
+     * Explicitly binds {@code fd} to the network designated by {@code netId}.  This
+     * overrides any binding via {@link #bindProcessToNetwork}.
+     * @return 0 on success or negative errno on failure.
+     */
+    public static int bindSocketToNetwork(FileDescriptor fd, int netId) {
+        return bindSocketToNetworkHandle(fd, new Network(netId).getNetworkHandle());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determine if {@code uid} can access network designated by {@code netId}.
+     * @return {@code true} if {@code uid} can access network, {@code false} otherwise.
+     */
+    public static boolean queryUserAccess(int uid, int netId) {
+        // TODO (b/183485986): remove this method
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private static native FileDescriptor resNetworkSend(
+            long netHandle, byte[] msg, int msglen, int flags) throws ErrnoException;
+
+    /**
+     * DNS resolver series jni method.
+     * Issue the query {@code msg} on the network designated by {@code netId}.
+     * {@code flags} is an additional config to control actual querying behavior.
+     * @return a file descriptor to watch for read events
+     */
+    public static FileDescriptor resNetworkSend(
+            int netId, byte[] msg, int msglen, int flags) throws ErrnoException {
+        return resNetworkSend(new Network(netId).getNetworkHandle(), msg, msglen, flags);
+    }
+
+    private static native FileDescriptor resNetworkQuery(
+            long netHandle, String dname, int nsClass, int nsType, int flags) throws ErrnoException;
+
+    /**
+     * DNS resolver series jni method.
+     * Look up the {@code nsClass} {@code nsType} Resource Record (RR) associated
+     * with Domain Name {@code dname} on the network designated by {@code netId}.
+     * {@code flags} is an additional config to control actual querying behavior.
+     * @return a file descriptor to watch for read events
+     */
+    public static FileDescriptor resNetworkQuery(
+            int netId, String dname, int nsClass, int nsType, int flags) throws ErrnoException {
+        return resNetworkQuery(new Network(netId).getNetworkHandle(), dname, nsClass, nsType,
+                flags);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * DNS resolver series jni method.
+     * Read a result for the query associated with the {@code fd}.
+     * @return DnsResponse containing blob answer and rcode
+     */
+    public static native DnsResolver.DnsResponse resNetworkResult(FileDescriptor fd)
+            throws ErrnoException;
+
+    /**
+     * DNS resolver series jni method.
+     * Attempts to cancel the in-progress query associated with the {@code fd}.
+     */
+    public static native void resNetworkCancel(FileDescriptor fd);
+
+    /**
+     * DNS resolver series jni method.
+     * Attempts to get network which resolver will use if no network is explicitly selected.
+     */
+    public static native Network getDnsNetwork() throws ErrnoException;
+
+    /**
+     * Get the tcp repair window associated with the {@code fd}.
+     *
+     * @param fd the tcp socket's {@link FileDescriptor}.
+     * @return a {@link TcpRepairWindow} object indicates tcp window size.
+     */
+    public static native TcpRepairWindow getTcpRepairWindow(FileDescriptor fd)
+            throws ErrnoException;
+
+    /**
+     * @see Inet4AddressUtils#intToInet4AddressHTL(int)
+     * @deprecated Use either {@link Inet4AddressUtils#intToInet4AddressHTH(int)}
+     *             or {@link Inet4AddressUtils#intToInet4AddressHTL(int)}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public static InetAddress intToInetAddress(int hostAddress) {
+        return Inet4AddressUtils.intToInet4AddressHTL(hostAddress);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see Inet4AddressUtils#inet4AddressToIntHTL(Inet4Address)
+     * @deprecated Use either {@link Inet4AddressUtils#inet4AddressToIntHTH(Inet4Address)}
+     *             or {@link Inet4AddressUtils#inet4AddressToIntHTL(Inet4Address)}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static int inetAddressToInt(Inet4Address inetAddr)
+            throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        return Inet4AddressUtils.inet4AddressToIntHTL(inetAddr);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see Inet4AddressUtils#prefixLengthToV4NetmaskIntHTL(int)
+     * @deprecated Use either {@link Inet4AddressUtils#prefixLengthToV4NetmaskIntHTH(int)}
+     *             or {@link Inet4AddressUtils#prefixLengthToV4NetmaskIntHTL(int)}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public static int prefixLengthToNetmaskInt(int prefixLength)
+            throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        return Inet4AddressUtils.prefixLengthToV4NetmaskIntHTL(prefixLength);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convert a IPv4 netmask integer to a prefix length
+     * @param netmask as an integer (0xff000000 for a /8 subnet)
+     * @return the network prefix length
+     */
+    public static int netmaskIntToPrefixLength(int netmask) {
+        return Integer.bitCount(netmask);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convert an IPv4 netmask to a prefix length, checking that the netmask is contiguous.
+     * @param netmask as a {@code Inet4Address}.
+     * @return the network prefix length
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException the specified netmask was not contiguous.
+     * @hide
+     * @deprecated use {@link Inet4AddressUtils#netmaskToPrefixLength(Inet4Address)}
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    @Deprecated
+    public static int netmaskToPrefixLength(Inet4Address netmask) {
+        // This is only here because some apps seem to be using it (@UnsupportedAppUsage).
+        return Inet4AddressUtils.netmaskToPrefixLength(netmask);
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Create an InetAddress from a string where the string must be a standard
+     * representation of a V4 or V6 address.  Avoids doing a DNS lookup on failure
+     * but it will throw an IllegalArgumentException in that case.
+     * @param addrString
+     * @return the InetAddress
+     * @hide
+     * @deprecated Use {@link InetAddresses#parseNumericAddress(String)}, if possible.
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.P)
+    @Deprecated
+    public static InetAddress numericToInetAddress(String addrString)
+            throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        return InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(addrString);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the implicit netmask of an IPv4 address, as was the custom before 1993.
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    public static int getImplicitNetmask(Inet4Address address) {
+        // Only here because it seems to be used by apps
+        return Inet4AddressUtils.getImplicitNetmask(address);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Utility method to parse strings such as "192.0.2.5/24" or "2001:db8::cafe:d00d/64".
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static Pair<InetAddress, Integer> parseIpAndMask(String ipAndMaskString) {
+        InetAddress address = null;
+        int prefixLength = -1;
+        try {
+            String[] pieces = ipAndMaskString.split("/", 2);
+            prefixLength = Integer.parseInt(pieces[1]);
+            address = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(pieces[0]);
+        } catch (NullPointerException e) {            // Null string.
+        } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {  // No prefix length.
+        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {           // Non-numeric prefix.
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {        // Invalid IP address.
+        }
+
+        if (address == null || prefixLength == -1) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid IP address and mask " + ipAndMaskString);
+        }
+
+        return new Pair<InetAddress, Integer>(address, prefixLength);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Utility method to parse strings such as "192.0.2.5/24" or "2001:db8::cafe:d00d/64".
+     * @hide
+     *
+     * @deprecated This method is used only for IpPrefix and LinkAddress. Since Android S, use
+     *             {@link #parseIpAndMask(String)}, if possible.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static Pair<InetAddress, Integer> legacyParseIpAndMask(String ipAndMaskString) {
+        InetAddress address = null;
+        int prefixLength = -1;
+        try {
+            String[] pieces = ipAndMaskString.split("/", 2);
+            prefixLength = Integer.parseInt(pieces[1]);
+            if (pieces[0] == null || pieces[0].isEmpty()) {
+                final byte[] bytes = new byte[16];
+                bytes[15] = 1;
+                return new Pair<InetAddress, Integer>(Inet6Address.getByAddress(
+                        "ip6-localhost"/* host */, bytes, 0 /* scope_id */), prefixLength);
+            }
+
+            if (pieces[0].startsWith("[")
+                    && pieces[0].endsWith("]")
+                    && pieces[0].indexOf(':') != -1) {
+                pieces[0] = pieces[0].substring(1, pieces[0].length() - 1);
+            }
+            address = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(pieces[0]);
+        } catch (NullPointerException e) {            // Null string.
+        } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {  // No prefix length.
+        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {           // Non-numeric prefix.
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {        // Invalid IP address.
+        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {            // IP address length is illegal
+        }
+
+        if (address == null || prefixLength == -1) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid IP address and mask " + ipAndMaskString);
+        }
+
+        return new Pair<InetAddress, Integer>(address, prefixLength);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convert a 32 char hex string into a Inet6Address.
+     * throws a runtime exception if the string isn't 32 chars, isn't hex or can't be
+     * made into an Inet6Address
+     * @param addrHexString a 32 character hex string representing an IPv6 addr
+     * @return addr an InetAddress representation for the string
+     */
+    public static InetAddress hexToInet6Address(String addrHexString)
+            throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        try {
+            return numericToInetAddress(String.format(Locale.US, "%s:%s:%s:%s:%s:%s:%s:%s",
+                    addrHexString.substring(0,4),   addrHexString.substring(4,8),
+                    addrHexString.substring(8,12),  addrHexString.substring(12,16),
+                    addrHexString.substring(16,20), addrHexString.substring(20,24),
+                    addrHexString.substring(24,28), addrHexString.substring(28,32)));
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            Log.e("NetworkUtils", "error in hexToInet6Address(" + addrHexString + "): " + e);
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Trim leading zeros from IPv4 address strings
+     * Our base libraries will interpret that as octel..
+     * Must leave non v4 addresses and host names alone.
+     * For example, 192.168.000.010 -> 192.168.0.10
+     * TODO - fix base libraries and remove this function
+     * @param addr a string representing an ip addr
+     * @return a string propertly trimmed
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public static String trimV4AddrZeros(String addr) {
+        return Inet4AddressUtils.trimAddressZeros(addr);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a prefix set without overlaps.
+     *
+     * This expects the src set to be sorted from shorter to longer. Results are undefined
+     * failing this condition. The returned prefix set is sorted in the same order as the
+     * passed set, with the same comparator.
+     */
+    private static TreeSet<IpPrefix> deduplicatePrefixSet(final TreeSet<IpPrefix> src) {
+        final TreeSet<IpPrefix> dst = new TreeSet<>(src.comparator());
+        // Prefixes match addresses that share their upper part up to their length, therefore
+        // the only kind of possible overlap in two prefixes is strict inclusion of the longer
+        // (more restrictive) in the shorter (including equivalence if they have the same
+        // length).
+        // Because prefixes in the src set are sorted from shorter to longer, deduplicating
+        // is done by simply iterating in order, and not adding any longer prefix that is
+        // already covered by a shorter one.
+        newPrefixes:
+        for (IpPrefix newPrefix : src) {
+            for (IpPrefix existingPrefix : dst) {
+                if (existingPrefix.containsPrefix(newPrefix)) {
+                    continue newPrefixes;
+                }
+            }
+            dst.add(newPrefix);
+        }
+        return dst;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns how many IPv4 addresses match any of the prefixes in the passed ordered set.
+     *
+     * Obviously this returns an integral value between 0 and 2**32.
+     * The behavior is undefined if any of the prefixes is not an IPv4 prefix or if the
+     * set is not ordered smallest prefix to longer prefix.
+     *
+     * @param prefixes the set of prefixes, ordered by length
+     */
+    public static long routedIPv4AddressCount(final TreeSet<IpPrefix> prefixes) {
+        long routedIPCount = 0;
+        for (final IpPrefix prefix : deduplicatePrefixSet(prefixes)) {
+            if (!prefix.isIPv4()) {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "Non-IPv4 prefix in routedIPv4AddressCount");
+            }
+            int rank = 32 - prefix.getPrefixLength();
+            routedIPCount += 1L << rank;
+        }
+        return routedIPCount;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns how many IPv6 addresses match any of the prefixes in the passed ordered set.
+     *
+     * This returns a BigInteger between 0 and 2**128.
+     * The behavior is undefined if any of the prefixes is not an IPv6 prefix or if the
+     * set is not ordered smallest prefix to longer prefix.
+     */
+    public static BigInteger routedIPv6AddressCount(final TreeSet<IpPrefix> prefixes) {
+        BigInteger routedIPCount = BigInteger.ZERO;
+        for (final IpPrefix prefix : deduplicatePrefixSet(prefixes)) {
+            if (!prefix.isIPv6()) {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "Non-IPv6 prefix in routedIPv6AddressCount");
+            }
+            int rank = 128 - prefix.getPrefixLength();
+            routedIPCount = routedIPCount.add(BigInteger.ONE.shiftLeft(rank));
+        }
+        return routedIPCount;
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/OemNetworkPreferences.java b/framework/src/android/net/OemNetworkPreferences.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2bb006d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/OemNetworkPreferences.java
@@ -0,0 +1,276 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.IntDef;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Network preferences to set the default active network on a per-application basis as per a given
+ * {@link OemNetworkPreference}. An example of this would be to set an application's network
+ * preference to {@link #OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID_NO_FALLBACK} which would have the default
+ * network for that application set to an unmetered network first if available and if not, it then
+ * set that application's default network to an OEM managed network if available.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi
+public final class OemNetworkPreferences implements Parcelable {
+    // Valid production preferences must be > 0, negative values reserved for testing
+    /**
+     * This preference is only to be used for testing and nothing else.
+     * Use only TRANSPORT_TEST transport networks.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_TEST_ONLY = -2;
+
+    /**
+     * This preference is only to be used for testing and nothing else.
+     * If an unmetered network is available, use it.
+     * Otherwise, if a network with the TRANSPORT_TEST transport is available, use it.
+     * Otherwise, use the general default network.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_TEST = -1;
+
+    /**
+     * Default in case this value is not set. Using it will result in an error.
+     */
+    public static final int OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_UNINITIALIZED = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * If an unmetered network is available, use it.
+     * Otherwise, if a network with the OEM_PAID capability is available, use it.
+     * Otherwise, use the general default network.
+     */
+    public static final int OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * If an unmetered network is available, use it.
+     * Otherwise, if a network with the OEM_PAID capability is available, use it.
+     * Otherwise, the app doesn't get a default network.
+     */
+    public static final int OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID_NO_FALLBACK = 2;
+
+    /**
+     * Use only NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID networks.
+     */
+    public static final int OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID_ONLY = 3;
+
+    /**
+     * Use only NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE networks.
+     */
+    public static final int OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PRIVATE_ONLY = 4;
+
+    /**
+     * The max allowed value for an OEM network preference.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_MAX = OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PRIVATE_ONLY;
+
+    @NonNull
+    private final Bundle mNetworkMappings;
+
+    /**
+     * Return whether this object is empty.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean isEmpty() {
+        return mNetworkMappings.keySet().size() == 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the currently built application package name to {@link OemNetworkPreference} mappings.
+     * @return the current network preferences map.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public Map<String, Integer> getNetworkPreferences() {
+        return convertToUnmodifiableMap(mNetworkMappings);
+    }
+
+    private OemNetworkPreferences(@NonNull final Bundle networkMappings) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(networkMappings);
+        mNetworkMappings = (Bundle) networkMappings.clone();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "OemNetworkPreferences{" + "mNetworkMappings=" + getNetworkPreferences() + '}';
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+        if (this == o) return true;
+        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
+        OemNetworkPreferences that = (OemNetworkPreferences) o;
+
+        return mNetworkMappings.size() == that.mNetworkMappings.size()
+                && mNetworkMappings.toString().equals(that.mNetworkMappings.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hash(mNetworkMappings);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Builder used to create {@link OemNetworkPreferences} objects.  Specify the preferred Network
+     * to package name mappings.
+     */
+    public static final class Builder {
+        private final Bundle mNetworkMappings;
+
+        public Builder() {
+            mNetworkMappings = new Bundle();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Constructor to populate the builder's values with an already built
+         * {@link OemNetworkPreferences}.
+         * @param preferences the {@link OemNetworkPreferences} to populate with.
+         */
+        public Builder(@NonNull final OemNetworkPreferences preferences) {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(preferences);
+            mNetworkMappings = (Bundle) preferences.mNetworkMappings.clone();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Add a network preference for a given package. Previously stored values for the given
+         * package will be overwritten.
+         *
+         * @param packageName full package name (e.g.: "com.google.apps.contacts") of the app
+         *                    to use the given preference
+         * @param preference  the desired network preference to use
+         * @return The builder to facilitate chaining.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder addNetworkPreference(@NonNull final String packageName,
+                @OemNetworkPreference final int preference) {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(packageName);
+            mNetworkMappings.putInt(packageName, preference);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Remove a network preference for a given package.
+         *
+         * @param packageName full package name (e.g.: "com.google.apps.contacts") of the app to
+         *                    remove a preference for.
+         * @return The builder to facilitate chaining.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder clearNetworkPreference(@NonNull final String packageName) {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(packageName);
+            mNetworkMappings.remove(packageName);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Build {@link OemNetworkPreferences} return the current OEM network preferences.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public OemNetworkPreferences build() {
+            return new OemNetworkPreferences(mNetworkMappings);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static Map<String, Integer> convertToUnmodifiableMap(@NonNull final Bundle bundle) {
+        final Map<String, Integer> networkPreferences = new HashMap<>();
+        for (final String key : bundle.keySet()) {
+            networkPreferences.put(key, bundle.getInt(key));
+        }
+        return Collections.unmodifiableMap(networkPreferences);
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @IntDef(prefix = "OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_", value = {
+            OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_TEST_ONLY,
+            OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_TEST,
+            OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_UNINITIALIZED,
+            OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID,
+            OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID_NO_FALLBACK,
+            OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID_ONLY,
+            OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PRIVATE_ONLY
+    })
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    public @interface OemNetworkPreference {}
+
+    /**
+     * Return the string value for OemNetworkPreference
+     *
+     * @param value int value of OemNetworkPreference
+     * @return string version of OemNetworkPreference
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public static String oemNetworkPreferenceToString(@OemNetworkPreference int value) {
+        switch (value) {
+            case OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_TEST_ONLY:
+                return "OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_TEST_ONLY";
+            case OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_TEST:
+                return "OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_TEST";
+            case OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_UNINITIALIZED:
+                return "OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_UNINITIALIZED";
+            case OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID:
+                return "OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID";
+            case OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID_NO_FALLBACK:
+                return "OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID_NO_FALLBACK";
+            case OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID_ONLY:
+                return "OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID_ONLY";
+            case OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PRIVATE_ONLY:
+                return "OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PRIVATE_ONLY";
+            default:
+                return Integer.toHexString(value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel dest, int flags) {
+        dest.writeBundle(mNetworkMappings);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    public static final Parcelable.Creator<OemNetworkPreferences> CREATOR =
+            new Parcelable.Creator<OemNetworkPreferences>() {
+                @Override
+                public OemNetworkPreferences[] newArray(int size) {
+                    return new OemNetworkPreferences[size];
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public OemNetworkPreferences createFromParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel in) {
+                    return new OemNetworkPreferences(
+                            in.readBundle(getClass().getClassLoader()));
+                }
+            };
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/ParseException.java b/framework/src/android/net/ParseException.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d4727a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/ParseException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2006 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+
+/**
+ * Thrown when parsing failed.
+ */
+// See non-public class {@link WebAddress}.
+public class ParseException extends RuntimeException {
+    public String response;
+
+    public ParseException(@NonNull String response) {
+        super(response);
+        this.response = response;
+    }
+
+    public ParseException(@NonNull String response, @NonNull Throwable cause) {
+        super(response, cause);
+        this.response = response;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/ProfileNetworkPreference.java b/framework/src/android/net/ProfileNetworkPreference.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb271e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/ProfileNetworkPreference.java
@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.annotation.SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_5;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.ProfileNetworkPreferencePolicy;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Network preferences to be set for the user profile
+ * {@link ProfileNetworkPreferencePolicy}.
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+public final class ProfileNetworkPreference implements Parcelable {
+    private final @ProfileNetworkPreferencePolicy int mPreference;
+    private final @NetworkCapabilities.EnterpriseId int mPreferenceEnterpriseId;
+    private int[] mIncludedUids = new int[0];
+    private int[] mExcludedUids = new int[0];
+
+    private ProfileNetworkPreference(int preference, int[] includedUids,
+            int[] excludedUids,
+            @NetworkCapabilities.EnterpriseId int preferenceEnterpriseId) {
+        mPreference = preference;
+        mPreferenceEnterpriseId = preferenceEnterpriseId;
+        if (includedUids != null) {
+            mIncludedUids = includedUids.clone();
+        } else {
+            mIncludedUids = new int[0];
+        }
+
+        if (excludedUids != null) {
+            mExcludedUids = excludedUids.clone();
+        } else {
+            mExcludedUids = new int[0];
+        }
+    }
+
+    private ProfileNetworkPreference(Parcel in) {
+        mPreference = in.readInt();
+        in.readIntArray(mIncludedUids);
+        in.readIntArray(mExcludedUids);
+        mPreferenceEnterpriseId = in.readInt();
+    }
+
+    public int getPreference() {
+        return mPreference;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the array of UIDs subject to this preference.
+     *
+     * Included UIDs and Excluded UIDs can't both be non-empty.
+     * if both are empty, it means this request applies to all uids in the user profile.
+     * if included is not empty, then only included UIDs are applied.
+     * if excluded is not empty, then it is all uids in the user profile except these UIDs.
+     * @return Array of uids included for the profile preference.
+     * {@see #getExcludedUids()}
+     */
+    public @NonNull int[] getIncludedUids() {
+        return mIncludedUids.clone();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the array of UIDS excluded from this preference.
+     *
+     * <ul>Included UIDs and Excluded UIDs can't both be non-empty.</ul>
+     * <ul>If both are empty, it means this request applies to all uids in the user profile.</ul>
+     * <ul>If included is not empty, then only included UIDs are applied.</ul>
+     * <ul>If excluded is not empty, then it is all uids in the user profile except these UIDs.</ul>
+     * @return Array of uids not included for the profile preference.
+     * {@see #getIncludedUids()}
+     */
+    public @NonNull int[] getExcludedUids() {
+        return mExcludedUids.clone();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get preference enterprise identifier.
+     *
+     * Preference enterprise identifier will be used to create different network preferences
+     * within enterprise preference category.
+     * Valid values starts from PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE_ID_1 to
+     * NetworkCapabilities.NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_5.
+     * Preference identifier is not applicable if preference is set as
+     * PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT. Default value is
+     * NetworkCapabilities.NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1.
+     * @return Preference enterprise identifier.
+     *
+     */
+    public @NetworkCapabilities.EnterpriseId int getPreferenceEnterpriseId() {
+        return mPreferenceEnterpriseId;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "ProfileNetworkPreference{"
+                + "mPreference=" + getPreference()
+                + "mIncludedUids=" + mIncludedUids.toString()
+                + "mExcludedUids=" + mExcludedUids.toString()
+                + "mPreferenceEnterpriseId=" + mPreferenceEnterpriseId
+                + '}';
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+        if (this == o) return true;
+        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
+        final ProfileNetworkPreference that = (ProfileNetworkPreference) o;
+        return mPreference == that.mPreference
+                && (Arrays.equals(mIncludedUids, that.mIncludedUids))
+                && (Arrays.equals(mExcludedUids, that.mExcludedUids))
+                && mPreferenceEnterpriseId == that.mPreferenceEnterpriseId;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return mPreference
+                + mPreferenceEnterpriseId * 2
+                + (Arrays.hashCode(mIncludedUids) * 11)
+                + (Arrays.hashCode(mExcludedUids) * 13);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Builder used to create {@link ProfileNetworkPreference} objects.
+     * Specify the preferred Network preference
+     */
+    public static final class Builder {
+        private @ProfileNetworkPreferencePolicy int mPreference =
+                PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT;
+        private int[] mIncludedUids = new int[0];
+        private int[] mExcludedUids = new int[0];
+        private int mPreferenceEnterpriseId;
+
+        /**
+         * Constructs an empty Builder with PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT profile preference
+         */
+        public Builder() {}
+
+        /**
+         * Set the profile network preference
+         * See the documentation for the individual preferences for a description of the supported
+         * behaviors. Default value is PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT.
+         * @param preference  the desired network preference to use
+         * @return The builder to facilitate chaining.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setPreference(@ProfileNetworkPreferencePolicy int preference) {
+            mPreference = preference;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * This is a array of uids for which profile perefence is set.
+         * Empty would mean that this preference applies to all uids in the profile.
+         * {@see #setExcludedUids(int[])}
+         * Included UIDs and Excluded UIDs can't both be non-empty.
+         * if both are empty, it means this request applies to all uids in the user profile.
+         * if included is not empty, then only included UIDs are applied.
+         * if excluded is not empty, then it is all uids in the user profile except these UIDs.
+         * @param uids  Array of uids that are included
+         * @return The builder to facilitate chaining.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setIncludedUids(@NonNull int[] uids) {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(uids);
+            mIncludedUids = uids.clone();
+            return this;
+        }
+
+
+        /**
+         * This is a array of uids that are excluded for the profile perefence.
+         * {@see #setIncludedUids(int[])}
+         * Included UIDs and Excluded UIDs can't both be non-empty.
+         * if both are empty, it means this request applies to all uids in the user profile.
+         * if included is not empty, then only included UIDs are applied.
+         * if excluded is not empty, then it is all uids in the user profile except these UIDs.
+         * @param uids  Array of uids that are not included
+         * @return The builder to facilitate chaining.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setExcludedUids(@NonNull int[] uids) {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(uids);
+            mExcludedUids = uids.clone();
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Check if given preference enterprise identifier is valid
+         *
+         * Valid values starts from PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE_ID_1 to
+         * NetworkCapabilities.NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_5.
+         * @return True if valid else false
+         * @hide
+         */
+        private boolean isEnterpriseIdentifierValid(
+                @NetworkCapabilities.EnterpriseId int identifier) {
+            if ((identifier >= NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1)
+                    && (identifier <= NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_5)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Returns an instance of {@link ProfileNetworkPreference} created from the
+         * fields set on this builder.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public ProfileNetworkPreference  build() {
+            if (mIncludedUids.length > 0 && mExcludedUids.length > 0) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Both includedUids and excludedUids "
+                        + "cannot be nonempty");
+            }
+
+            if (((mPreference != PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT)
+                    && (!isEnterpriseIdentifierValid(mPreferenceEnterpriseId)))
+                    || ((mPreference == PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT)
+                    && (mPreferenceEnterpriseId != 0))) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid preference enterprise identifier");
+            }
+            return new ProfileNetworkPreference(mPreference, mIncludedUids,
+                    mExcludedUids, mPreferenceEnterpriseId);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the preference enterprise identifier.
+         *
+         * Preference enterprise identifier will be used to create different network preferences
+         * within enterprise preference category.
+         * Valid values starts from NetworkCapabilities.NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1 to
+         * NetworkCapabilities.NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_5.
+         * Preference identifier is not applicable if preference is set as
+         * PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT. Default value is
+         * NetworkCapabilities.NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1.
+         * @param preferenceId  preference sub level
+         * @return The builder to facilitate chaining.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setPreferenceEnterpriseId(
+                @NetworkCapabilities.EnterpriseId int preferenceId) {
+            mPreferenceEnterpriseId = preferenceId;
+            return this;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel dest, int flags) {
+        dest.writeInt(mPreference);
+        dest.writeIntArray(mIncludedUids);
+        dest.writeIntArray(mExcludedUids);
+        dest.writeInt(mPreferenceEnterpriseId);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    public static final Creator<ProfileNetworkPreference> CREATOR =
+            new Creator<ProfileNetworkPreference>() {
+                @Override
+                public ProfileNetworkPreference[] newArray(int size) {
+                    return new ProfileNetworkPreference[size];
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public ProfileNetworkPreference  createFromParcel(
+                        @NonNull android.os.Parcel in) {
+                    return new ProfileNetworkPreference(in);
+                }
+            };
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/ProxyInfo.java b/framework/src/android/net/ProxyInfo.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0deda37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/ProxyInfo.java
@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.ProxyUtils;
+
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.URLConnection;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+/**
+ * Describes a proxy configuration.
+ *
+ * Proxy configurations are already integrated within the {@code java.net} and
+ * Apache HTTP stack. So {@link URLConnection} and Apache's {@code HttpClient} will use
+ * them automatically.
+ *
+ * Other HTTP stacks will need to obtain the proxy info by watching for the
+ * {@link Proxy#PROXY_CHANGE_ACTION} broadcast and calling methods such as
+ * {@link android.net.ConnectivityManager#getDefaultProxy}.
+ */
+public class ProxyInfo implements Parcelable {
+
+    private final String mHost;
+    private final int mPort;
+    private final String mExclusionList;
+    private final String[] mParsedExclusionList;
+    private final Uri mPacFileUrl;
+
+    /**
+     *@hide
+     */
+    public static final String LOCAL_EXCL_LIST = "";
+    /**
+     *@hide
+     */
+    public static final int LOCAL_PORT = -1;
+    /**
+     *@hide
+     */
+    public static final String LOCAL_HOST = "localhost";
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a {@link ProxyInfo} object that points at a Direct proxy
+     * on the specified host and port.
+     */
+    public static ProxyInfo buildDirectProxy(String host, int port) {
+        return new ProxyInfo(host, port, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a {@link ProxyInfo} object that points at a Direct proxy
+     * on the specified host and port.
+     *
+     * The proxy will not be used to access any host in exclusion list, exclList.
+     *
+     * @param exclList Hosts to exclude using the proxy on connections for.  These
+     *                 hosts can use wildcards such as *.example.com.
+     */
+    public static ProxyInfo buildDirectProxy(String host, int port, List<String> exclList) {
+        String[] array = exclList.toArray(new String[exclList.size()]);
+        return new ProxyInfo(host, port, TextUtils.join(",", array), array);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Construct a {@link ProxyInfo} that will download and run the PAC script
+     * at the specified URL.
+     */
+    public static ProxyInfo buildPacProxy(Uri pacUri) {
+        return new ProxyInfo(pacUri);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Construct a {@link ProxyInfo} object that will download and run the PAC script at the
+     * specified URL and port.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public static ProxyInfo buildPacProxy(@NonNull Uri pacUrl, int port) {
+        return new ProxyInfo(pacUrl, port);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a ProxyProperties that points at a HTTP Proxy.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public ProxyInfo(String host, int port, String exclList) {
+        mHost = host;
+        mPort = port;
+        mExclusionList = exclList;
+        mParsedExclusionList = parseExclusionList(mExclusionList);
+        mPacFileUrl = Uri.EMPTY;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a ProxyProperties that points at a PAC URL.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public ProxyInfo(@NonNull Uri pacFileUrl) {
+        mHost = LOCAL_HOST;
+        mPort = LOCAL_PORT;
+        mExclusionList = LOCAL_EXCL_LIST;
+        mParsedExclusionList = parseExclusionList(mExclusionList);
+        if (pacFileUrl == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException();
+        }
+        mPacFileUrl = pacFileUrl;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Only used in PacProxyService after Local Proxy is bound.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public ProxyInfo(@NonNull Uri pacFileUrl, int localProxyPort) {
+        mHost = LOCAL_HOST;
+        mPort = localProxyPort;
+        mExclusionList = LOCAL_EXCL_LIST;
+        mParsedExclusionList = parseExclusionList(mExclusionList);
+        if (pacFileUrl == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException();
+        }
+        mPacFileUrl = pacFileUrl;
+    }
+
+    private static String[] parseExclusionList(String exclusionList) {
+        if (exclusionList == null) {
+            return new String[0];
+        } else {
+            return exclusionList.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).split(",");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private ProxyInfo(String host, int port, String exclList, String[] parsedExclList) {
+        mHost = host;
+        mPort = port;
+        mExclusionList = exclList;
+        mParsedExclusionList = parsedExclList;
+        mPacFileUrl = Uri.EMPTY;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A copy constructor to hold proxy properties.
+     */
+    public ProxyInfo(@Nullable ProxyInfo source) {
+        if (source != null) {
+            mHost = source.getHost();
+            mPort = source.getPort();
+            mPacFileUrl = source.mPacFileUrl;
+            mExclusionList = source.getExclusionListAsString();
+            mParsedExclusionList = source.mParsedExclusionList;
+        } else {
+            mHost = null;
+            mPort = 0;
+            mExclusionList = null;
+            mParsedExclusionList = null;
+            mPacFileUrl = Uri.EMPTY;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public InetSocketAddress getSocketAddress() {
+        InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress = null;
+        try {
+            inetSocketAddress = new InetSocketAddress(mHost, mPort);
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { }
+        return inetSocketAddress;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the URL of the current PAC script or null if there is
+     * no PAC script.
+     */
+    public Uri getPacFileUrl() {
+        return mPacFileUrl;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * When configured to use a Direct Proxy this returns the host
+     * of the proxy.
+     */
+    public String getHost() {
+        return mHost;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * When configured to use a Direct Proxy this returns the port
+     * of the proxy
+     */
+    public int getPort() {
+        return mPort;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * When configured to use a Direct Proxy this returns the list
+     * of hosts for which the proxy is ignored.
+     */
+    public String[] getExclusionList() {
+        return mParsedExclusionList;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * comma separated
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public String getExclusionListAsString() {
+        return mExclusionList;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return true if the pattern of proxy is valid, otherwise return false.
+     */
+    public boolean isValid() {
+        if (!Uri.EMPTY.equals(mPacFileUrl)) return true;
+        return ProxyUtils.PROXY_VALID == ProxyUtils.validate(mHost == null ? "" : mHost,
+                mPort == 0 ? "" : Integer.toString(mPort),
+                mExclusionList == null ? "" : mExclusionList);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public java.net.Proxy makeProxy() {
+        java.net.Proxy proxy = java.net.Proxy.NO_PROXY;
+        if (mHost != null) {
+            try {
+                InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress = new InetSocketAddress(mHost, mPort);
+                proxy = new java.net.Proxy(java.net.Proxy.Type.HTTP, inetSocketAddress);
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            }
+        }
+        return proxy;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        if (!Uri.EMPTY.equals(mPacFileUrl)) {
+            sb.append("PAC Script: ");
+            sb.append(mPacFileUrl);
+        }
+        if (mHost != null) {
+            sb.append("[");
+            sb.append(mHost);
+            sb.append("] ");
+            sb.append(Integer.toString(mPort));
+            if (mExclusionList != null) {
+                sb.append(" xl=").append(mExclusionList);
+            }
+        } else {
+            sb.append("[ProxyProperties.mHost == null]");
+        }
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object o) {
+        if (!(o instanceof ProxyInfo)) return false;
+        ProxyInfo p = (ProxyInfo)o;
+        // If PAC URL is present in either then they must be equal.
+        // Other parameters will only be for fall back.
+        if (!Uri.EMPTY.equals(mPacFileUrl)) {
+            return mPacFileUrl.equals(p.getPacFileUrl()) && mPort == p.mPort;
+        }
+        if (!Uri.EMPTY.equals(p.mPacFileUrl)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (mExclusionList != null && !mExclusionList.equals(p.getExclusionListAsString())) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (mHost != null && p.getHost() != null && mHost.equals(p.getHost()) == false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (mHost != null && p.mHost == null) return false;
+        if (mHost == null && p.mHost != null) return false;
+        if (mPort != p.mPort) return false;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Implement the Parcelable interface
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    /*
+     * generate hashcode based on significant fields
+     */
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return ((null == mHost) ? 0 : mHost.hashCode())
+                + ((null == mExclusionList) ? 0 : mExclusionList.hashCode())
+                + mPort;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Implement the Parcelable interface.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
+        if (!Uri.EMPTY.equals(mPacFileUrl)) {
+            dest.writeByte((byte)1);
+            mPacFileUrl.writeToParcel(dest, 0);
+            dest.writeInt(mPort);
+            return;
+        } else {
+            dest.writeByte((byte)0);
+        }
+        if (mHost != null) {
+            dest.writeByte((byte)1);
+            dest.writeString(mHost);
+            dest.writeInt(mPort);
+        } else {
+            dest.writeByte((byte)0);
+        }
+        dest.writeString(mExclusionList);
+        dest.writeStringArray(mParsedExclusionList);
+    }
+
+    public static final @android.annotation.NonNull Creator<ProxyInfo> CREATOR =
+        new Creator<ProxyInfo>() {
+            public ProxyInfo createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+                String host = null;
+                int port = 0;
+                if (in.readByte() != 0) {
+                    Uri url = Uri.CREATOR.createFromParcel(in);
+                    int localPort = in.readInt();
+                    return new ProxyInfo(url, localPort);
+                }
+                if (in.readByte() != 0) {
+                    host = in.readString();
+                    port = in.readInt();
+                }
+                String exclList = in.readString();
+                String[] parsedExclList = in.createStringArray();
+                ProxyInfo proxyProperties = new ProxyInfo(host, port, exclList, parsedExclList);
+                return proxyProperties;
+            }
+
+            public ProxyInfo[] newArray(int size) {
+                return new ProxyInfo[size];
+            }
+        };
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/QosCallback.java b/framework/src/android/net/QosCallback.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..22f06bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/QosCallback.java
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+
+/**
+ * Receives Qos information given a {@link Network}.  The callback is registered with
+ * {@link ConnectivityManager#registerQosCallback}.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * <br/>
+ * The callback will no longer receive calls if any of the following takes place:
+ * <ol>
+ * <li>{@link ConnectivityManager#unregisterQosCallback(QosCallback)} is called with the same
+ * callback instance.</li>
+ * <li>{@link QosCallback#onError(QosCallbackException)} is called.</li>
+ * <li>A network specific issue occurs.  eg. Congestion on a carrier network.</li>
+ * <li>The network registered with the callback has no associated QoS providers</li>
+ * </ul>
+ * {@hide}
+ */
+@SystemApi
+public abstract class QosCallback {
+    /**
+     * Invoked after an error occurs on a registered callback.  Once called, the callback is
+     * automatically unregistered and the callback will no longer receive calls.
+     *
+     * <p>The underlying exception can either be a runtime exception or a custom exception made for
+     * {@link QosCallback}. see: {@link QosCallbackException}.
+     *
+     * @param exception wraps the underlying cause
+     */
+    public void onError(@NonNull final QosCallbackException exception) {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called when a Qos Session first becomes available to the callback or if its attributes have
+     * changed.
+     * <p>
+     * Note: The callback may be called multiple times with the same attributes.
+     *
+     * @param session the available session
+     * @param sessionAttributes the attributes of the session
+     */
+    public void onQosSessionAvailable(@NonNull final QosSession session,
+            @NonNull final QosSessionAttributes sessionAttributes) {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called after a Qos Session is lost.
+     * <p>
+     * At least one call to
+     * {@link QosCallback#onQosSessionAvailable(QosSession, QosSessionAttributes)}
+     * with the same {@link QosSession} will precede a call to lost.
+     *
+     * @param session the lost session
+     */
+    public void onQosSessionLost(@NonNull final QosSession session) {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Thrown when there is a problem registering {@link QosCallback} with
+     * {@link ConnectivityManager#registerQosCallback(QosSocketInfo, QosCallback, Executor)}.
+     */
+    public static class QosCallbackRegistrationException extends RuntimeException {
+        /**
+         * @hide
+         */
+        public QosCallbackRegistrationException() {
+            super();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/QosCallbackConnection.java b/framework/src/android/net/QosCallbackConnection.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de0fc24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/QosCallbackConnection.java
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.telephony.data.EpsBearerQosSessionAttributes;
+import android.telephony.data.NrQosSessionAttributes;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+
+/**
+ * Sends messages from {@link com.android.server.ConnectivityService} to the registered
+ * {@link QosCallback}.
+ * <p/>
+ * This is a satellite class of {@link ConnectivityManager} and not meant
+ * to be used in other contexts.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+class QosCallbackConnection extends android.net.IQosCallback.Stub {
+
+    @NonNull private final ConnectivityManager mConnectivityManager;
+    @Nullable private volatile QosCallback mCallback;
+    @NonNull private final Executor mExecutor;
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    @Nullable
+    public QosCallback getCallback() {
+        return mCallback;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The constructor for the connection
+     *
+     * @param connectivityManager the mgr that created this connection
+     * @param callback the callback to send messages back to
+     * @param executor The executor on which the callback will be invoked. The provided
+     *                 {@link Executor} must run callback sequentially, otherwise the order of
+     *                 callbacks cannot be guaranteed.
+     */
+    QosCallbackConnection(@NonNull final ConnectivityManager connectivityManager,
+            @NonNull final QosCallback callback,
+            @NonNull final Executor executor) {
+        mConnectivityManager = Objects.requireNonNull(connectivityManager,
+                "connectivityManager must be non-null");
+        mCallback = Objects.requireNonNull(callback, "callback must be non-null");
+        mExecutor = Objects.requireNonNull(executor, "executor must be non-null");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called when either the {@link EpsBearerQosSessionAttributes} has changed or on the first time
+     * the attributes have become available.
+     *
+     * @param session the session that is now available
+     * @param attributes the corresponding attributes of session
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void onQosEpsBearerSessionAvailable(@NonNull final QosSession session,
+            @NonNull final EpsBearerQosSessionAttributes attributes) {
+
+        mExecutor.execute(() -> {
+            final QosCallback callback = mCallback;
+            if (callback != null) {
+                callback.onQosSessionAvailable(session, attributes);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called when either the {@link NrQosSessionAttributes} has changed or on the first time
+     * the attributes have become available.
+     *
+     * @param session the session that is now available
+     * @param attributes the corresponding attributes of session
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void onNrQosSessionAvailable(@NonNull final QosSession session,
+            @NonNull final NrQosSessionAttributes attributes) {
+
+        mExecutor.execute(() -> {
+            final QosCallback callback = mCallback;
+            if (callback != null) {
+                callback.onQosSessionAvailable(session, attributes);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called when the session is lost.
+     *
+     * @param session the session that was lost
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void onQosSessionLost(@NonNull final QosSession session) {
+        mExecutor.execute(() -> {
+            final QosCallback callback = mCallback;
+            if (callback != null) {
+                callback.onQosSessionLost(session);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called when there is an error on the registered callback.
+     *
+     *  @param errorType the type of error
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void onError(@QosCallbackException.ExceptionType final int errorType) {
+        mExecutor.execute(() -> {
+            final QosCallback callback = mCallback;
+            if (callback != null) {
+                // Messages no longer need to be received since there was an error.
+                stopReceivingMessages();
+                mConnectivityManager.unregisterQosCallback(callback);
+                callback.onError(QosCallbackException.createException(errorType));
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The callback will stop receiving messages.
+     * <p/>
+     * There are no synchronization guarantees on exactly when the callback will stop receiving
+     * messages.
+     */
+    void stopReceivingMessages() {
+        mCallback = null;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/QosCallbackException.java b/framework/src/android/net/QosCallbackException.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed6eb15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/QosCallbackException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.IntDef;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+
+/**
+ * This is the exception type passed back through the onError method on {@link QosCallback}.
+ * {@link QosCallbackException#getCause()} contains the actual error that caused this exception.
+ *
+ * The possible exception types as causes are:
+ * 1. {@link NetworkReleasedException}
+ * 2. {@link SocketNotBoundException}
+ * 3. {@link UnsupportedOperationException}
+ * 4. {@link SocketLocalAddressChangedException}
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi
+public final class QosCallbackException extends Exception {
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @IntDef(prefix = {"EX_TYPE_"}, value = {
+            EX_TYPE_FILTER_NONE,
+            EX_TYPE_FILTER_NETWORK_RELEASED,
+            EX_TYPE_FILTER_SOCKET_NOT_BOUND,
+            EX_TYPE_FILTER_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+            EX_TYPE_FILTER_SOCKET_LOCAL_ADDRESS_CHANGED,
+    })
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    public @interface ExceptionType {}
+
+    private static final String TAG = "QosCallbackException";
+
+    // Types of exceptions supported //
+    /** {@hide} */
+    public static final int EX_TYPE_FILTER_NONE = 0;
+
+    /** {@hide} */
+    public static final int EX_TYPE_FILTER_NETWORK_RELEASED = 1;
+
+    /** {@hide} */
+    public static final int EX_TYPE_FILTER_SOCKET_NOT_BOUND = 2;
+
+    /** {@hide} */
+    public static final int EX_TYPE_FILTER_NOT_SUPPORTED = 3;
+
+    /** {@hide} */
+    public static final int EX_TYPE_FILTER_SOCKET_LOCAL_ADDRESS_CHANGED = 4;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates exception based off of a type and message.  Not all types of exceptions accept a
+     * custom message.
+     *
+     * {@hide}
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    static QosCallbackException createException(@ExceptionType final int type) {
+        switch (type) {
+            case EX_TYPE_FILTER_NETWORK_RELEASED:
+                return new QosCallbackException(new NetworkReleasedException());
+            case EX_TYPE_FILTER_SOCKET_NOT_BOUND:
+                return new QosCallbackException(new SocketNotBoundException());
+            case EX_TYPE_FILTER_NOT_SUPPORTED:
+                return new QosCallbackException(new UnsupportedOperationException(
+                        "This device does not support the specified filter"));
+            case EX_TYPE_FILTER_SOCKET_LOCAL_ADDRESS_CHANGED:
+                return new QosCallbackException(
+                        new SocketLocalAddressChangedException());
+            default:
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "create: No case setup for exception type: '" + type + "'");
+                return new QosCallbackException(
+                        new RuntimeException("Unknown exception code: " + type));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public QosCallbackException(@NonNull final String message) {
+        super(message);
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public QosCallbackException(@NonNull final Throwable cause) {
+        super(cause);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/QosFilter.java b/framework/src/android/net/QosFilter.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c1c3cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/QosFilter.java
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+
+/**
+ * Provides the related filtering logic to the {@link NetworkAgent} to match {@link QosSession}s
+ * to their related {@link QosCallback}.
+ *
+ * Used by the {@link com.android.server.ConnectivityService} to validate a {@link QosCallback}
+ * is still able to receive a {@link QosSession}.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi
+public abstract class QosFilter {
+
+    /**
+     * The constructor is kept hidden from outside this package to ensure that all derived types
+     * are known and properly handled when being passed to and from {@link NetworkAgent}.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    QosFilter() {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The network used with this filter.
+     *
+     * @return the registered {@link Network}
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public abstract Network getNetwork();
+
+    /**
+     * Validates that conditions have not changed such that no further {@link QosSession}s should
+     * be passed back to the {@link QosCallback} associated to this filter.
+     *
+     * @return the error code when present, otherwise the filter is valid
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @QosCallbackException.ExceptionType
+    public abstract int validate();
+
+    /**
+     * Determines whether or not the parameters will be matched with source address and port of this
+     * filter.
+     *
+     * @param address the UE side address included in IP packet filter set of a QoS flow assigned
+     *                on {@link Network}.
+     * @param startPort the start of UE side port range included in IP packet filter set of a QoS
+     *                flow assigned on {@link Network}.
+     * @param endPort the end of UE side port range included in IP packet filter set of a QoS flow
+     *                assigned on {@link Network}.
+     * @return whether the parameters match the UE side address and port of the filter
+     */
+    public abstract boolean matchesLocalAddress(@NonNull InetAddress address,
+            int startPort, int endPort);
+
+    /**
+     * Determines whether or not the parameters will be matched with remote address and port of
+     * this filter.
+     *
+     * @param address the remote address included in IP packet filter set of a QoS flow
+     *                assigned on {@link Network}.
+     * @param startPort the start of remote port range included in IP packet filter set of a
+     *                 QoS flow assigned on {@link Network}.
+     * @param endPort the end of the remote range included in IP packet filter set of a QoS
+     *                flow assigned on {@link Network}.
+     * @return whether the parameters match the remote address and port of the filter
+     */
+    public abstract boolean matchesRemoteAddress(@NonNull InetAddress address,
+            int startPort, int endPort);
+}
+
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/QosFilterParcelable.java b/framework/src/android/net/QosFilterParcelable.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..da3b2cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/QosFilterParcelable.java
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Aware of how to parcel different types of {@link QosFilter}s.  Any new type of qos filter must
+ * have a specialized case written here.
+ * <p/>
+ * Specifically leveraged when transferring {@link QosFilter} from
+ * {@link com.android.server.ConnectivityService} to {@link NetworkAgent} when the filter is first
+ * registered.
+ * <p/>
+ * This is not meant to be used in other contexts.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public final class QosFilterParcelable implements Parcelable {
+
+    private static final String LOG_TAG = QosFilterParcelable.class.getSimpleName();
+
+    // Indicates that the filter was not successfully written to the parcel.
+    private static final int NO_FILTER_PRESENT = 0;
+
+    // The parcel is of type qos socket filter.
+    private static final int QOS_SOCKET_FILTER = 1;
+
+    private final QosFilter mQosFilter;
+
+    /**
+     * The underlying qos filter.
+     * <p/>
+     * Null only in the case parceling failed.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public QosFilter getQosFilter() {
+        return mQosFilter;
+    }
+
+    public QosFilterParcelable(@NonNull final QosFilter qosFilter) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(qosFilter, "qosFilter must be non-null");
+
+        // NOTE: Normally a type check would belong here, but doing so breaks unit tests that rely
+        // on mocking qos filter.
+        mQosFilter = qosFilter;
+    }
+
+    private QosFilterParcelable(final Parcel in) {
+        final int filterParcelType = in.readInt();
+
+        switch (filterParcelType) {
+            case QOS_SOCKET_FILTER: {
+                mQosFilter = new QosSocketFilter(QosSocketInfo.CREATOR.createFromParcel(in));
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case NO_FILTER_PRESENT:
+            default: {
+                mQosFilter = null;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static final Creator<QosFilterParcelable> CREATOR = new Creator<QosFilterParcelable>() {
+        @Override
+        public QosFilterParcelable createFromParcel(final Parcel in) {
+            return new QosFilterParcelable(in);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public QosFilterParcelable[] newArray(final int size) {
+            return new QosFilterParcelable[size];
+        }
+    };
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(final Parcel dest, final int flags) {
+        if (mQosFilter instanceof QosSocketFilter) {
+            dest.writeInt(QOS_SOCKET_FILTER);
+            final QosSocketFilter qosSocketFilter = (QosSocketFilter) mQosFilter;
+            qosSocketFilter.getQosSocketInfo().writeToParcel(dest, 0);
+            return;
+        }
+        dest.writeInt(NO_FILTER_PRESENT);
+        Log.e(LOG_TAG, "Parceling failed, unknown type of filter present: " + mQosFilter);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/QosSession.java b/framework/src/android/net/QosSession.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..25f3965
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/QosSession.java
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.IntDef;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+
+/**
+ * Provides identifying information of a QoS session.  Sent to an application through
+ * {@link QosCallback}.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi
+public final class QosSession implements Parcelable {
+
+    /**
+     * The {@link QosSession} is a LTE EPS Session.
+     */
+    public static final int TYPE_EPS_BEARER = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * The {@link QosSession} is a NR Session.
+     */
+    public static final int TYPE_NR_BEARER = 2;
+
+    private final int mSessionId;
+
+    private final int mSessionType;
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the unique id of the session that is used to differentiate sessions across different
+     * types.
+     * <p/>
+     * Note: Different qos sessions can be provided by different actors.
+     *
+     * @return the unique id
+     */
+    public long getUniqueId() {
+        return (long) mSessionType << 32 | mSessionId;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the {@link QosSession} identifier which is set by the actor providing the QoS.
+     * <p/>
+     * Note: It can be either manufactured by the actor, but also may have a particular meaning
+     * within that type.  For example, using the bearer id as the session id for
+     * {@link android.telephony.data.EpsBearerQosSessionAttributes} is a straight forward way to
+     * keep the sessions unique from one another within that type.
+     *
+     * @return the id of the session
+     */
+    public int getSessionId() {
+        return mSessionId;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the type of session.
+     */
+    @QosSessionType
+    public int getSessionType() {
+        return mSessionType;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a {@link QosSession}.
+     *
+     * @param sessionId uniquely identifies the session across all sessions of the same type
+     * @param sessionType the type of session
+     */
+    public QosSession(final int sessionId, @QosSessionType final int sessionType) {
+        //Ensures the session id is unique across types of sessions
+        mSessionId = sessionId;
+        mSessionType = sessionType;
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "QosSession{"
+                + "mSessionId=" + mSessionId
+                + ", mSessionType=" + mSessionType
+                + '}';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Annotations for types of qos sessions.
+     */
+    @IntDef(value = {
+            TYPE_EPS_BEARER,
+            TYPE_NR_BEARER,
+    })
+    @interface QosSessionType {}
+
+    private QosSession(final Parcel in) {
+        mSessionId = in.readInt();
+        mSessionType = in.readInt();
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    public static final Creator<QosSession> CREATOR = new Creator<QosSession>() {
+        @NonNull
+        @Override
+        public QosSession createFromParcel(@NonNull final Parcel in) {
+            return new QosSession(in);
+        }
+
+        @NonNull
+        @Override
+        public QosSession[] newArray(final int size) {
+            return new QosSession[size];
+        }
+    };
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(@NonNull final Parcel dest, final int flags) {
+        dest.writeInt(mSessionId);
+        dest.writeInt(mSessionType);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/QosSessionAttributes.java b/framework/src/android/net/QosSessionAttributes.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a88594
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/QosSessionAttributes.java
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+
+/**
+ * Implemented by classes that encapsulate Qos related attributes that describe a Qos Session.
+ *
+ * Use the instanceof keyword to determine the underlying type.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi
+public interface QosSessionAttributes {
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/QosSocketFilter.java b/framework/src/android/net/QosSocketFilter.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..69da7f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/QosSocketFilter.java
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.net.QosCallbackException.EX_TYPE_FILTER_NONE;
+import static android.net.QosCallbackException.EX_TYPE_FILTER_SOCKET_LOCAL_ADDRESS_CHANGED;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.system.Os;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.Socket;
+import java.net.SocketAddress;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Filters a {@link QosSession} according to the binding on the provided {@link Socket}.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class QosSocketFilter extends QosFilter {
+
+    private static final String TAG = QosSocketFilter.class.getSimpleName();
+
+    @NonNull
+    private final QosSocketInfo mQosSocketInfo;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a {@link QosSocketFilter} based off of {@link QosSocketInfo}.
+     *
+     * @param qosSocketInfo the information required to filter and validate
+     */
+    public QosSocketFilter(@NonNull final QosSocketInfo qosSocketInfo) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(qosSocketInfo, "qosSocketInfo must be non-null");
+        mQosSocketInfo = qosSocketInfo;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the parcelable qos socket info that was used to create the filter.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public QosSocketInfo getQosSocketInfo() {
+        return mQosSocketInfo;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Performs two validations:
+     * 1. If the socket is not bound, then return
+     *    {@link QosCallbackException.EX_TYPE_FILTER_SOCKET_NOT_BOUND}. This is detected
+     *    by checking the local address on the filter which becomes null when the socket is no
+     *    longer bound.
+     * 2. In the scenario that the socket is now bound to a different local address, which can
+     *    happen in the case of UDP, then
+     *    {@link QosCallbackException.EX_TYPE_FILTER_SOCKET_LOCAL_ADDRESS_CHANGED} is returned.
+     * @return validation error code
+     */
+    @Override
+    public int validate() {
+        final InetSocketAddress sa = getAddressFromFileDescriptor();
+        if (sa == null) {
+            return QosCallbackException.EX_TYPE_FILTER_SOCKET_NOT_BOUND;
+        }
+
+        if (!sa.equals(mQosSocketInfo.getLocalSocketAddress())) {
+            return EX_TYPE_FILTER_SOCKET_LOCAL_ADDRESS_CHANGED;
+        }
+
+        return EX_TYPE_FILTER_NONE;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The local address of the socket's binding.
+     *
+     * Note: If the socket is no longer bound, null is returned.
+     *
+     * @return the local address
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    private InetSocketAddress getAddressFromFileDescriptor() {
+        final ParcelFileDescriptor parcelFileDescriptor = mQosSocketInfo.getParcelFileDescriptor();
+        if (parcelFileDescriptor == null) return null;
+
+        final FileDescriptor fd = parcelFileDescriptor.getFileDescriptor();
+        if (fd == null) return null;
+
+        final SocketAddress address;
+        try {
+            address = Os.getsockname(fd);
+        } catch (final ErrnoException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "getAddressFromFileDescriptor: getLocalAddress exception", e);
+            return null;
+        }
+        if (address instanceof InetSocketAddress) {
+            return (InetSocketAddress) address;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The network used with this filter.
+     *
+     * @return the registered {@link Network}
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    @Override
+    public Network getNetwork() {
+        return mQosSocketInfo.getNetwork();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @inheritDoc
+     */
+    @Override
+    public boolean matchesLocalAddress(@NonNull final InetAddress address, final int startPort,
+            final int endPort) {
+        if (mQosSocketInfo.getLocalSocketAddress() == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return matchesAddress(mQosSocketInfo.getLocalSocketAddress(), address, startPort,
+                endPort);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @inheritDoc
+     */
+    @Override
+    public boolean matchesRemoteAddress(@NonNull final InetAddress address, final int startPort,
+            final int endPort) {
+        if (mQosSocketInfo.getRemoteSocketAddress() == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return matchesAddress(mQosSocketInfo.getRemoteSocketAddress(), address, startPort,
+                endPort);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called from {@link QosSocketFilter#matchesLocalAddress(InetAddress, int, int)}
+     * and {@link QosSocketFilter#matchesRemoteAddress(InetAddress, int, int)} with the
+     * filterSocketAddress coming from {@link QosSocketInfo#getLocalSocketAddress()}.
+     * <p>
+     * This method exists for testing purposes since {@link QosSocketInfo} couldn't be mocked
+     * due to being final.
+     *
+     * @param filterSocketAddress the socket address of the filter
+     * @param address the address to compare the filterSocketAddressWith
+     * @param startPort the start of the port range to check
+     * @param endPort the end of the port range to check
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static boolean matchesAddress(@NonNull final InetSocketAddress filterSocketAddress,
+            @NonNull final InetAddress address,
+            final int startPort, final int endPort) {
+        return startPort <= filterSocketAddress.getPort()
+                && endPort >= filterSocketAddress.getPort()
+                && filterSocketAddress.getAddress().equals(address);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/QosSocketInfo.java b/framework/src/android/net/QosSocketInfo.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a45d507
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/QosSocketInfo.java
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.Socket;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Used in conjunction with
+ * {@link ConnectivityManager#registerQosCallback}
+ * in order to receive Qos Sessions related to the local address and port of a bound {@link Socket}
+ * and/or remote address and port of a connected {@link Socket}.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi
+public final class QosSocketInfo implements Parcelable {
+
+    @NonNull
+    private final Network mNetwork;
+
+    @NonNull
+    private final ParcelFileDescriptor mParcelFileDescriptor;
+
+    @NonNull
+    private final InetSocketAddress mLocalSocketAddress;
+
+    @Nullable
+    private final InetSocketAddress mRemoteSocketAddress;
+
+    /**
+     * The {@link Network} the socket is on.
+     *
+     * @return the registered {@link Network}
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public Network getNetwork() {
+        return mNetwork;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The parcel file descriptor wrapped around the socket's file descriptor.
+     *
+     * @return the parcel file descriptor of the socket
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    ParcelFileDescriptor getParcelFileDescriptor() {
+        return mParcelFileDescriptor;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The local address of the socket passed into {@link QosSocketInfo(Network, Socket)}.
+     * The value does not reflect any changes that occur to the socket after it is first set
+     * in the constructor.
+     *
+     * @return the local address of the socket
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public InetSocketAddress getLocalSocketAddress() {
+        return mLocalSocketAddress;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The remote address of the socket passed into {@link QosSocketInfo(Network, Socket)}.
+     * The value does not reflect any changes that occur to the socket after it is first set
+     * in the constructor.
+     *
+     * @return the remote address of the socket if socket is connected, null otherwise
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public InetSocketAddress getRemoteSocketAddress() {
+        return mRemoteSocketAddress;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a {@link QosSocketInfo} given a {@link Network} and bound {@link Socket}.  The
+     * {@link Socket} must remain bound in order to receive {@link QosSession}s.
+     *
+     * @param network the network
+     * @param socket the bound {@link Socket}
+     */
+    public QosSocketInfo(@NonNull final Network network, @NonNull final Socket socket)
+            throws IOException {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(socket, "socket cannot be null");
+
+        mNetwork = Objects.requireNonNull(network, "network cannot be null");
+        mParcelFileDescriptor = ParcelFileDescriptor.fromSocket(socket);
+        mLocalSocketAddress =
+                new InetSocketAddress(socket.getLocalAddress(), socket.getLocalPort());
+
+        if (socket.isConnected()) {
+            mRemoteSocketAddress = (InetSocketAddress) socket.getRemoteSocketAddress();
+        } else {
+            mRemoteSocketAddress = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Parcelable methods */
+    private QosSocketInfo(final Parcel in) {
+        mNetwork = Objects.requireNonNull(Network.CREATOR.createFromParcel(in));
+        mParcelFileDescriptor = ParcelFileDescriptor.CREATOR.createFromParcel(in);
+
+        final int localAddressLength = in.readInt();
+        mLocalSocketAddress = readSocketAddress(in, localAddressLength);
+
+        final int remoteAddressLength = in.readInt();
+        mRemoteSocketAddress = remoteAddressLength == 0 ? null
+                : readSocketAddress(in, remoteAddressLength);
+    }
+
+    private @NonNull InetSocketAddress readSocketAddress(final Parcel in, final int addressLength) {
+        final byte[] address = new byte[addressLength];
+        in.readByteArray(address);
+        final int port = in.readInt();
+
+        try {
+            return new InetSocketAddress(InetAddress.getByAddress(address), port);
+        } catch (final UnknownHostException e) {
+            /* This can never happen. UnknownHostException will never be thrown
+               since the address provided is numeric and non-null. */
+            throw new RuntimeException("UnknownHostException on numeric address", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(@NonNull final Parcel dest, final int flags) {
+        mNetwork.writeToParcel(dest, 0);
+        mParcelFileDescriptor.writeToParcel(dest, 0);
+
+        final byte[] localAddress = mLocalSocketAddress.getAddress().getAddress();
+        dest.writeInt(localAddress.length);
+        dest.writeByteArray(localAddress);
+        dest.writeInt(mLocalSocketAddress.getPort());
+
+        if (mRemoteSocketAddress == null) {
+            dest.writeInt(0);
+        } else {
+            final byte[] remoteAddress = mRemoteSocketAddress.getAddress().getAddress();
+            dest.writeInt(remoteAddress.length);
+            dest.writeByteArray(remoteAddress);
+            dest.writeInt(mRemoteSocketAddress.getPort());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    public static final Parcelable.Creator<QosSocketInfo> CREATOR =
+            new Parcelable.Creator<QosSocketInfo>() {
+            @NonNull
+            @Override
+            public QosSocketInfo createFromParcel(final Parcel in) {
+                return new QosSocketInfo(in);
+            }
+
+            @NonNull
+            @Override
+            public QosSocketInfo[] newArray(final int size) {
+                return new QosSocketInfo[size];
+            }
+        };
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/RouteInfo.java b/framework/src/android/net/RouteInfo.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df5f151
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/RouteInfo.java
@@ -0,0 +1,666 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.IntDef;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Represents a network route.
+ * <p>
+ * This is used both to describe static network configuration and live network
+ * configuration information.
+ *
+ * A route contains three pieces of information:
+ * <ul>
+ * <li>a destination {@link IpPrefix} specifying the network destinations covered by this route.
+ *     If this is {@code null} it indicates a default route of the address family (IPv4 or IPv6)
+ *     implied by the gateway IP address.
+ * <li>a gateway {@link InetAddress} indicating the next hop to use.  If this is {@code null} it
+ *     indicates a directly-connected route.
+ * <li>an interface (which may be unspecified).
+ * </ul>
+ * Either the destination or the gateway may be {@code null}, but not both.  If the
+ * destination and gateway are both specified, they must be of the same address family
+ * (IPv4 or IPv6).
+ */
+public final class RouteInfo implements Parcelable {
+    /** @hide */
+    @IntDef(value = {
+            RTN_UNICAST,
+            RTN_UNREACHABLE,
+            RTN_THROW,
+    })
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    public @interface RouteType {}
+
+    /**
+     * The IP destination address for this route.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    private final IpPrefix mDestination;
+
+    /**
+     * The gateway address for this route.
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    @Nullable
+    private final InetAddress mGateway;
+
+    /**
+     * The interface for this route.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    private final String mInterface;
+
+
+    /**
+     * Unicast route.
+     *
+     * Indicates that destination is reachable directly or via gateway.
+     **/
+    public static final int RTN_UNICAST = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * Unreachable route.
+     *
+     * Indicates that destination is unreachable.
+     **/
+    public static final int RTN_UNREACHABLE = 7;
+
+    /**
+     * Throw route.
+     *
+     * Indicates that routing information about this destination is not in this table.
+     * Routing lookup should continue in another table.
+     **/
+    public static final int RTN_THROW = 9;
+
+    /**
+     * The type of this route; one of the RTN_xxx constants above.
+     */
+    private final int mType;
+
+    /**
+     * The maximum transmission unit size for this route.
+     */
+    private final int mMtu;
+
+    // Derived data members.
+    // TODO: remove these.
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.P, trackingBug = 115609023)
+    private final boolean mIsHost;
+    private final boolean mHasGateway;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a RouteInfo object.
+     *
+     * If destination is null, then gateway must be specified and the
+     * constructed route is either the IPv4 default route <code>0.0.0.0</code>
+     * if the gateway is an instance of {@link Inet4Address}, or the IPv6 default
+     * route <code>::/0</code> if gateway is an instance of
+     * {@link Inet6Address}.
+     * <p>
+     * destination and gateway may not both be null.
+     *
+     * @param destination the destination prefix
+     * @param gateway the IP address to route packets through
+     * @param iface the interface name to send packets on
+     * @param type the type of this route
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public RouteInfo(@Nullable IpPrefix destination, @Nullable InetAddress gateway,
+            @Nullable String iface, @RouteType int type) {
+        this(destination, gateway, iface, type, 0);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a RouteInfo object.
+     *
+     * If destination is null, then gateway must be specified and the
+     * constructed route is either the IPv4 default route <code>0.0.0.0</code>
+     * if the gateway is an instance of {@link Inet4Address}, or the IPv6 default
+     * route <code>::/0</code> if gateway is an instance of
+     * {@link Inet6Address}.
+     * <p>
+     * destination and gateway may not both be null.
+     *
+     * @param destination the destination prefix
+     * @param gateway the IP address to route packets through
+     * @param iface the interface name to send packets on
+     * @param type the type of this route
+     * @param mtu the maximum transmission unit size for this route
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public RouteInfo(@Nullable IpPrefix destination, @Nullable InetAddress gateway,
+            @Nullable String iface, @RouteType int type, int mtu) {
+        switch (type) {
+            case RTN_UNICAST:
+            case RTN_UNREACHABLE:
+            case RTN_THROW:
+                // TODO: It would be nice to ensure that route types that don't have nexthops or
+                // interfaces, such as unreachable or throw, can't be created if an interface or
+                // a gateway is specified. This is a bit too complicated to do at the moment
+                // because:
+                //
+                // - LinkProperties sets the interface on routes added to it, and modifies the
+                //   interfaces of all the routes when its interface name changes.
+                // - Even when the gateway is null, we store a non-null gateway here.
+                //
+                // For now, we just rely on the code that sets routes to do things properly.
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown route type " + type);
+        }
+
+        if (destination == null) {
+            if (gateway != null) {
+                if (gateway instanceof Inet4Address) {
+                    destination = new IpPrefix(NetworkStackConstants.IPV4_ADDR_ANY, 0);
+                } else {
+                    destination = new IpPrefix(NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_ADDR_ANY, 0);
+                }
+            } else {
+                // no destination, no gateway. invalid.
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid arguments passed in: " + gateway + "," +
+                        destination);
+            }
+        }
+        // TODO: set mGateway to null if there is no gateway. This is more correct, saves space, and
+        // matches the documented behaviour. Before we can do this we need to fix all callers (e.g.,
+        // ConnectivityService) to stop doing things like r.getGateway().equals(), ... .
+        if (gateway == null) {
+            if (destination.getAddress() instanceof Inet4Address) {
+                gateway = NetworkStackConstants.IPV4_ADDR_ANY;
+            } else {
+                gateway = NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_ADDR_ANY;
+            }
+        }
+        mHasGateway = (!gateway.isAnyLocalAddress());
+
+        if ((destination.getAddress() instanceof Inet4Address
+                && !(gateway instanceof Inet4Address))
+                || (destination.getAddress() instanceof Inet6Address
+                && !(gateway instanceof Inet6Address))) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("address family mismatch in RouteInfo constructor");
+        }
+        mDestination = destination;  // IpPrefix objects are immutable.
+        mGateway = gateway;          // InetAddress objects are immutable.
+        mInterface = iface;          // Strings are immutable.
+        mType = type;
+        mIsHost = isHost();
+        mMtu = mtu;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a {@code RouteInfo} object.
+     *
+     * If destination is null, then gateway must be specified and the
+     * constructed route is either the IPv4 default route <code>0.0.0.0</code>
+     * if the gateway is an instance of {@link Inet4Address}, or the IPv6 default
+     * route <code>::/0</code> if gateway is an instance of {@link Inet6Address}.
+     * <p>
+     * Destination and gateway may not both be null.
+     *
+     * @param destination the destination address and prefix in an {@link IpPrefix}
+     * @param gateway the {@link InetAddress} to route packets through
+     * @param iface the interface name to send packets on
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    public RouteInfo(@Nullable IpPrefix destination, @Nullable InetAddress gateway,
+            @Nullable String iface) {
+        this(destination, gateway, iface, RTN_UNICAST);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public RouteInfo(@Nullable LinkAddress destination, @Nullable InetAddress gateway,
+            @Nullable String iface) {
+        this(destination == null ? null :
+                new IpPrefix(destination.getAddress(), destination.getPrefixLength()),
+                gateway, iface);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a {@code RouteInfo} object.
+     *
+     * If destination is null, then gateway must be specified and the
+     * constructed route is either the IPv4 default route <code>0.0.0.0</code>
+     * if the gateway is an instance of {@link Inet4Address}, or the IPv6 default
+     * route <code>::/0</code> if gateway is an instance of {@link Inet6Address}.
+     * <p>
+     * Destination and gateway may not both be null.
+     *
+     * @param destination the destination address and prefix in an {@link IpPrefix}
+     * @param gateway the {@link InetAddress} to route packets through
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public RouteInfo(@Nullable IpPrefix destination, @Nullable InetAddress gateway) {
+        this(destination, gateway, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     *
+     * TODO: Remove this.
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public RouteInfo(@Nullable LinkAddress destination, @Nullable InetAddress gateway) {
+        this(destination, gateway, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a default {@code RouteInfo} object.
+     *
+     * @param gateway the {@link InetAddress} to route packets through
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public RouteInfo(@NonNull InetAddress gateway) {
+        this((IpPrefix) null, gateway, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a {@code RouteInfo} object representing a direct connected subnet.
+     *
+     * @param destination the {@link IpPrefix} describing the address and prefix
+     *                    length of the subnet.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public RouteInfo(@NonNull IpPrefix destination) {
+        this(destination, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public RouteInfo(@NonNull LinkAddress destination) {
+        this(destination, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public RouteInfo(@NonNull IpPrefix destination, @RouteType int type) {
+        this(destination, null, null, type);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static RouteInfo makeHostRoute(@NonNull InetAddress host, @Nullable String iface) {
+        return makeHostRoute(host, null, iface);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static RouteInfo makeHostRoute(@Nullable InetAddress host, @Nullable InetAddress gateway,
+            @Nullable String iface) {
+        if (host == null) return null;
+
+        if (host instanceof Inet4Address) {
+            return new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(host, 32), gateway, iface);
+        } else {
+            return new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(host, 128), gateway, iface);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.P, trackingBug = 115609023)
+    private boolean isHost() {
+        return (mDestination.getAddress() instanceof Inet4Address &&
+                mDestination.getPrefixLength() == 32) ||
+               (mDestination.getAddress() instanceof Inet6Address &&
+                mDestination.getPrefixLength() == 128);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieves the destination address and prefix length in the form of an {@link IpPrefix}.
+     *
+     * @return {@link IpPrefix} specifying the destination.  This is never {@code null}.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public IpPrefix getDestination() {
+        return mDestination;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * TODO: Convert callers to use IpPrefix and then remove.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public LinkAddress getDestinationLinkAddress() {
+        return new LinkAddress(mDestination.getAddress(), mDestination.getPrefixLength());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieves the gateway or next hop {@link InetAddress} for this route.
+     *
+     * @return {@link InetAddress} specifying the gateway or next hop.  This may be
+     *                             {@code null} for a directly-connected route."
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public InetAddress getGateway() {
+        return mGateway;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieves the interface used for this route if specified, else {@code null}.
+     *
+     * @return The name of the interface used for this route.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public String getInterface() {
+        return mInterface;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieves the type of this route.
+     *
+     * @return The type of this route; one of the {@code RTN_xxx} constants defined in this class.
+     */
+    @RouteType
+    public int getType() {
+        return mType;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieves the MTU size for this route.
+     *
+     * @return The MTU size, or 0 if it has not been set.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public int getMtu() {
+        return mMtu;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates if this route is a default route (ie, has no destination specified).
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} if the destination has a prefix length of 0.
+     */
+    public boolean isDefaultRoute() {
+        return mType == RTN_UNICAST && mDestination.getPrefixLength() == 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates if this route is an unreachable default route.
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} if it's an unreachable route with prefix length of 0.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    private boolean isUnreachableDefaultRoute() {
+        return mType == RTN_UNREACHABLE && mDestination.getPrefixLength() == 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates if this route is an IPv4 default route.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean isIPv4Default() {
+        return isDefaultRoute() && mDestination.getAddress() instanceof Inet4Address;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates if this route is an IPv4 unreachable default route.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean isIPv4UnreachableDefault() {
+        return isUnreachableDefaultRoute() && mDestination.getAddress() instanceof Inet4Address;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates if this route is an IPv6 default route.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean isIPv6Default() {
+        return isDefaultRoute() && mDestination.getAddress() instanceof Inet6Address;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates if this route is an IPv6 unreachable default route.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean isIPv6UnreachableDefault() {
+        return isUnreachableDefaultRoute() && mDestination.getAddress() instanceof Inet6Address;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates if this route is a host route (ie, matches only a single host address).
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} if the destination has a prefix length of 32 or 128 for IPv4 or IPv6,
+     * respectively.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean isHostRoute() {
+        return mIsHost;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates if this route has a next hop ({@code true}) or is directly-connected
+     * ({@code false}).
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} if a gateway is specified
+     */
+    public boolean hasGateway() {
+        return mHasGateway;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determines whether the destination and prefix of this route includes the specified
+     * address.
+     *
+     * @param destination A {@link InetAddress} to test to see if it would match this route.
+     * @return {@code true} if the destination and prefix length cover the given address.
+     */
+    public boolean matches(InetAddress destination) {
+        return mDestination.contains(destination);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find the route from a Collection of routes that best matches a given address.
+     * May return null if no routes are applicable.
+     * @param routes a Collection of RouteInfos to chose from
+     * @param dest the InetAddress your trying to get to
+     * @return the RouteInfo from the Collection that best fits the given address
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    @Nullable
+    public static RouteInfo selectBestRoute(Collection<RouteInfo> routes, InetAddress dest) {
+        return NetUtils.selectBestRoute(routes, dest);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a human-readable description of this object.
+     */
+    public String toString() {
+        String val = "";
+        if (mDestination != null) val = mDestination.toString();
+        if (mType == RTN_UNREACHABLE) {
+            val += " unreachable";
+        } else if (mType == RTN_THROW) {
+            val += " throw";
+        } else {
+            val += " ->";
+            if (mGateway != null) val += " " + mGateway.getHostAddress();
+            if (mInterface != null) val += " " + mInterface;
+            if (mType != RTN_UNICAST) {
+                val += " unknown type " + mType;
+            }
+        }
+        val += " mtu " + mMtu;
+        return val;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compares this RouteInfo object against the specified object and indicates if they are equal.
+     * @return {@code true} if the objects are equal, {@code false} otherwise.
+     */
+    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
+        if (this == obj) return true;
+
+        if (!(obj instanceof RouteInfo)) return false;
+
+        RouteInfo target = (RouteInfo) obj;
+
+        return Objects.equals(mDestination, target.getDestination()) &&
+                Objects.equals(mGateway, target.getGateway()) &&
+                Objects.equals(mInterface, target.getInterface()) &&
+                mType == target.getType() && mMtu == target.getMtu();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A helper class that contains the destination, the gateway and the interface in a
+     * {@code RouteInfo}, used by {@link ConnectivityService#updateRoutes} or
+     * {@link LinkProperties#addRoute} to calculate the list to be updated.
+     * {@code RouteInfo} objects with different interfaces are treated as different routes because
+     * *usually* on Android different interfaces use different routing tables, and moving a route
+     * to a new routing table never constitutes an update, but is always a remove and an add.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static class RouteKey {
+        @NonNull private final IpPrefix mDestination;
+        @Nullable private final InetAddress mGateway;
+        @Nullable private final String mInterface;
+
+        RouteKey(@NonNull IpPrefix destination, @Nullable InetAddress gateway,
+                @Nullable String iface) {
+            mDestination = destination;
+            mGateway = gateway;
+            mInterface = iface;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean equals(@Nullable Object o) {
+            if (!(o instanceof RouteKey)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            RouteKey p = (RouteKey) o;
+            // No need to do anything special for scoped addresses. Inet6Address#equals does not
+            // consider the scope ID, but the netd route IPCs (e.g., INetd#networkAddRouteParcel)
+            // and the kernel ignore scoped addresses both in the prefix and in the nexthop and only
+            // look at RTA_OIF.
+            return Objects.equals(p.mDestination, mDestination)
+                    && Objects.equals(p.mGateway, mGateway)
+                    && Objects.equals(p.mInterface, mInterface);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int hashCode() {
+            return Objects.hash(mDestination, mGateway, mInterface);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get {@code RouteKey} of this {@code RouteInfo}.
+     * @return a {@code RouteKey} object.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public RouteKey getRouteKey() {
+        return new RouteKey(mDestination, mGateway, mInterface);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns a hashcode for this <code>RouteInfo</code> object.
+     */
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return (mDestination.hashCode() * 41)
+                + (mGateway == null ? 0 :mGateway.hashCode() * 47)
+                + (mInterface == null ? 0 :mInterface.hashCode() * 67)
+                + (mType * 71) + (mMtu * 89);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Implement the Parcelable interface
+     */
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Implement the Parcelable interface
+     */
+    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
+        dest.writeParcelable(mDestination, flags);
+        byte[] gatewayBytes = (mGateway == null) ? null : mGateway.getAddress();
+        dest.writeByteArray(gatewayBytes);
+        dest.writeString(mInterface);
+        dest.writeInt(mType);
+        dest.writeInt(mMtu);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Implement the Parcelable interface.
+     */
+    public static final @android.annotation.NonNull Creator<RouteInfo> CREATOR =
+        new Creator<RouteInfo>() {
+        public RouteInfo createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+            IpPrefix dest = in.readParcelable(null);
+
+            InetAddress gateway = null;
+            byte[] addr = in.createByteArray();
+            try {
+                gateway = InetAddress.getByAddress(addr);
+            } catch (UnknownHostException e) {}
+
+            String iface = in.readString();
+            int type = in.readInt();
+            int mtu = in.readInt();
+
+            return new RouteInfo(dest, gateway, iface, type, mtu);
+        }
+
+        public RouteInfo[] newArray(int size) {
+            return new RouteInfo[size];
+        }
+    };
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/SocketKeepalive.java b/framework/src/android/net/SocketKeepalive.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f6cae72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/SocketKeepalive.java
@@ -0,0 +1,347 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.IntDef;
+import android.annotation.IntRange;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+
+/**
+ * Allows applications to request that the system periodically send specific packets on their
+ * behalf, using hardware offload to save battery power.
+ *
+ * To request that the system send keepalives, call one of the methods that return a
+ * {@link SocketKeepalive} object, such as {@link ConnectivityManager#createSocketKeepalive},
+ * passing in a non-null callback. If the {@link SocketKeepalive} is successfully
+ * started, the callback's {@code onStarted} method will be called. If an error occurs,
+ * {@code onError} will be called, specifying one of the {@code ERROR_*} constants in this
+ * class.
+ *
+ * To stop an existing keepalive, call {@link SocketKeepalive#stop}. The system will call
+ * {@link SocketKeepalive.Callback#onStopped} if the operation was successful or
+ * {@link SocketKeepalive.Callback#onError} if an error occurred.
+ *
+ * For cellular, the device MUST support at least 1 keepalive slot.
+ *
+ * For WiFi, the device SHOULD support keepalive offload. If it does not, it MUST reply with
+ * {@link SocketKeepalive.Callback#onError} with {@code ERROR_UNSUPPORTED} to any keepalive offload
+ * request. If it does, it MUST support at least 3 concurrent keepalive slots.
+ */
+public abstract class SocketKeepalive implements AutoCloseable {
+    static final String TAG = "SocketKeepalive";
+
+    /**
+     * Success. It indicates there is no error.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static final int SUCCESS = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * No keepalive. This should only be internally as it indicates There is no keepalive.
+     * It should not propagate to applications.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int NO_KEEPALIVE = -1;
+
+    /**
+     * Data received.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int DATA_RECEIVED = -2;
+
+    /**
+     * The binder died.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int BINDER_DIED = -10;
+
+    /**
+     * The invalid network. It indicates the specified {@code Network} is not connected.
+     */
+    public static final int ERROR_INVALID_NETWORK = -20;
+
+    /**
+     * The invalid IP addresses. Indicates the specified IP addresses are invalid.
+     * For example, the specified source IP address is not configured on the
+     * specified {@code Network}.
+     */
+    public static final int ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS = -21;
+
+    /**
+     * The port is invalid.
+     */
+    public static final int ERROR_INVALID_PORT = -22;
+
+    /**
+     * The length is invalid (e.g. too long).
+     */
+    public static final int ERROR_INVALID_LENGTH = -23;
+
+    /**
+     * The interval is invalid (e.g. too short).
+     */
+    public static final int ERROR_INVALID_INTERVAL = -24;
+
+    /**
+     * The socket is invalid.
+     */
+    public static final int ERROR_INVALID_SOCKET = -25;
+
+    /**
+     * The socket is not idle.
+     */
+    public static final int ERROR_SOCKET_NOT_IDLE = -26;
+
+    /**
+     * The stop reason is uninitialized. This should only be internally used as initial state
+     * of stop reason, instead of propagating to application.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int ERROR_STOP_REASON_UNINITIALIZED = -27;
+
+    /**
+     * The request is unsupported.
+     */
+    public static final int ERROR_UNSUPPORTED = -30;
+
+    /**
+     * There was a hardware error.
+     */
+    public static final int ERROR_HARDWARE_ERROR = -31;
+
+    /**
+     * Resources are insufficient (e.g. all hardware slots are in use).
+     */
+    public static final int ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES = -32;
+
+    /**
+     * There was no such slot. This should only be internally as it indicates
+     * a programming error in the system server. It should not propagate to
+     * applications.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static final int ERROR_NO_SUCH_SLOT = -33;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(prefix = { "ERROR_" }, value = {
+            ERROR_INVALID_NETWORK,
+            ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS,
+            ERROR_INVALID_PORT,
+            ERROR_INVALID_LENGTH,
+            ERROR_INVALID_INTERVAL,
+            ERROR_INVALID_SOCKET,
+            ERROR_SOCKET_NOT_IDLE,
+            ERROR_NO_SUCH_SLOT
+    })
+    public @interface ErrorCode {}
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(value = {
+            SUCCESS,
+            ERROR_INVALID_LENGTH,
+            ERROR_UNSUPPORTED,
+            ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES,
+    })
+    public @interface KeepaliveEvent {}
+
+    /**
+     * The minimum interval in seconds between keepalive packet transmissions.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     **/
+    public static final int MIN_INTERVAL_SEC = 10;
+
+    /**
+     * The maximum interval in seconds between keepalive packet transmissions.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     **/
+    public static final int MAX_INTERVAL_SEC = 3600;
+
+    /**
+     * An exception that embarks an error code.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static class ErrorCodeException extends Exception {
+        public final int error;
+        public ErrorCodeException(final int error, final Throwable e) {
+            super(e);
+            this.error = error;
+        }
+        public ErrorCodeException(final int error) {
+            this.error = error;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This socket is invalid.
+     * See the error code for details, and the optional cause.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static class InvalidSocketException extends ErrorCodeException {
+        public InvalidSocketException(final int error, final Throwable e) {
+            super(error, e);
+        }
+        public InvalidSocketException(final int error) {
+            super(error);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @NonNull final IConnectivityManager mService;
+    @NonNull final Network mNetwork;
+    @NonNull final ParcelFileDescriptor mPfd;
+    @NonNull final Executor mExecutor;
+    @NonNull final ISocketKeepaliveCallback mCallback;
+    // TODO: remove slot since mCallback could be used to identify which keepalive to stop.
+    @Nullable Integer mSlot;
+
+    SocketKeepalive(@NonNull IConnectivityManager service, @NonNull Network network,
+            @NonNull ParcelFileDescriptor pfd,
+            @NonNull Executor executor, @NonNull Callback callback) {
+        mService = service;
+        mNetwork = network;
+        mPfd = pfd;
+        mExecutor = executor;
+        mCallback = new ISocketKeepaliveCallback.Stub() {
+            @Override
+            public void onStarted(int slot) {
+                final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+                try {
+                    mExecutor.execute(() -> {
+                        mSlot = slot;
+                        callback.onStarted();
+                    });
+                } finally {
+                    Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
+                }
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void onStopped() {
+                final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+                try {
+                    executor.execute(() -> {
+                        mSlot = null;
+                        callback.onStopped();
+                    });
+                } finally {
+                    Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
+                }
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void onError(int error) {
+                final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+                try {
+                    executor.execute(() -> {
+                        mSlot = null;
+                        callback.onError(error);
+                    });
+                } finally {
+                    Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
+                }
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void onDataReceived() {
+                final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+                try {
+                    executor.execute(() -> {
+                        mSlot = null;
+                        callback.onDataReceived();
+                    });
+                } finally {
+                    Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
+                }
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Request that keepalive be started with the given {@code intervalSec}. See
+     * {@link SocketKeepalive}. If the remote binder dies, or the binder call throws an exception
+     * when invoking start or stop of the {@link SocketKeepalive}, a {@link RemoteException} will be
+     * thrown into the {@code executor}. This is typically not important to catch because the remote
+     * party is the system, so if it is not in shape to communicate through binder the system is
+     * probably going down anyway. If the caller cares regardless, it can use a custom
+     * {@link Executor} to catch the {@link RemoteException}.
+     *
+     * @param intervalSec The target interval in seconds between keepalive packet transmissions.
+     *                    The interval should be between 10 seconds and 3600 seconds, otherwise
+     *                    {@link #ERROR_INVALID_INTERVAL} will be returned.
+     */
+    public final void start(@IntRange(from = MIN_INTERVAL_SEC, to = MAX_INTERVAL_SEC)
+            int intervalSec) {
+        startImpl(intervalSec);
+    }
+
+    abstract void startImpl(int intervalSec);
+
+    /**
+     * Requests that keepalive be stopped. The application must wait for {@link Callback#onStopped}
+     * before using the object. See {@link SocketKeepalive}.
+     */
+    public final void stop() {
+        stopImpl();
+    }
+
+    abstract void stopImpl();
+
+    /**
+     * Deactivate this {@link SocketKeepalive} and free allocated resources. The instance won't be
+     * usable again if {@code close()} is called.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public final void close() {
+        stop();
+        try {
+            mPfd.close();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            // Nothing much can be done.
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The callback which app can use to learn the status changes of {@link SocketKeepalive}. See
+     * {@link SocketKeepalive}.
+     */
+    public static class Callback {
+        /** The requested keepalive was successfully started. */
+        public void onStarted() {}
+        /** The keepalive was successfully stopped. */
+        public void onStopped() {}
+        /** An error occurred. */
+        public void onError(@ErrorCode int error) {}
+        /** The keepalive on a TCP socket was stopped because the socket received data. This is
+         * never called for UDP sockets. */
+        public void onDataReceived() {}
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/SocketLocalAddressChangedException.java b/framework/src/android/net/SocketLocalAddressChangedException.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7be3793
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/SocketLocalAddressChangedException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+
+/**
+ * Thrown when the local address of the socket has changed.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi
+public class SocketLocalAddressChangedException extends Exception {
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public SocketLocalAddressChangedException() {
+        super("The local address of the socket changed");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/SocketNotBoundException.java b/framework/src/android/net/SocketNotBoundException.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..59f34a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/SocketNotBoundException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+
+/**
+ * Thrown when a previously bound socket becomes unbound.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi
+public class SocketNotBoundException extends Exception {
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public SocketNotBoundException() {
+        super("The socket is unbound");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/StaticIpConfiguration.java b/framework/src/android/net/StaticIpConfiguration.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..194cffd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/StaticIpConfiguration.java
@@ -0,0 +1,342 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.InetAddressUtils;
+
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Class that describes static IP configuration.
+ */
+public final class StaticIpConfiguration implements Parcelable {
+    /** @hide */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    @Nullable
+    public LinkAddress ipAddress;
+    /** @hide */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    @Nullable
+    public InetAddress gateway;
+    /** @hide */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    @NonNull
+    public final ArrayList<InetAddress> dnsServers;
+    /** @hide */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    @Nullable
+    public String domains;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @SystemApi
+    public StaticIpConfiguration() {
+        dnsServers = new ArrayList<>();
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @SystemApi
+    public StaticIpConfiguration(@Nullable StaticIpConfiguration source) {
+        this();
+        if (source != null) {
+            // All of these except dnsServers are immutable, so no need to make copies.
+            ipAddress = source.ipAddress;
+            gateway = source.gateway;
+            dnsServers.addAll(source.dnsServers);
+            domains = source.domains;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @SystemApi
+    public void clear() {
+        ipAddress = null;
+        gateway = null;
+        dnsServers.clear();
+        domains = null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the static IP address included in the configuration.
+     */
+    public @NonNull LinkAddress getIpAddress() {
+        return ipAddress;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the gateway included in the configuration.
+     */
+    public @Nullable InetAddress getGateway() {
+        return gateway;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the DNS servers included in the configuration.
+     */
+    public @NonNull List<InetAddress> getDnsServers() {
+        return dnsServers;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a {@link String} containing the comma separated domains to search when resolving host
+     * names on this link, in priority order.
+     */
+    public @Nullable String getDomains() {
+        return domains;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper class to build a new instance of {@link StaticIpConfiguration}.
+     */
+    public static final class Builder {
+        private LinkAddress mIpAddress;
+        private InetAddress mGateway;
+        private Iterable<InetAddress> mDnsServers;
+        private String mDomains;
+
+        /**
+         * Set the IP address to be included in the configuration.
+         *
+         * @return The {@link Builder} for chaining.
+         */
+        public @NonNull Builder setIpAddress(@NonNull LinkAddress ipAddress) {
+            if (ipAddress != null && !(ipAddress.getAddress() instanceof Inet4Address)) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                        "Only IPv4 addresses can be used for the IP configuration");
+            }
+            mIpAddress = ipAddress;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the address of the gateway to be included in the configuration; null by default.
+         * @return The {@link Builder} for chaining.
+         */
+        public @NonNull Builder setGateway(@Nullable InetAddress gateway) {
+            if (gateway != null && !(gateway instanceof Inet4Address)) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                        "Only IPv4 addresses can be used for the gateway configuration");
+            }
+            mGateway = gateway;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the addresses of the DNS servers included in the configuration; empty by default.
+         * @return The {@link Builder} for chaining.
+         */
+        public @NonNull Builder setDnsServers(@NonNull Iterable<InetAddress> dnsServers) {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(dnsServers);
+            for (InetAddress inetAddress: dnsServers) {
+                if (!(inetAddress instanceof Inet4Address)) {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                            "Only IPv4 addresses can be used for the DNS server configuration");
+                }
+            }
+            mDnsServers = dnsServers;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sets the DNS domain search path to be used on the link; null by default.
+         * @param newDomains A {@link String} containing the comma separated domains to search when
+         *                   resolving host names on this link, in priority order.
+         * @return The {@link Builder} for chaining.
+         */
+        public @NonNull Builder setDomains(@Nullable String newDomains) {
+            mDomains = newDomains;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Create a {@link StaticIpConfiguration} from the parameters in this {@link Builder}.
+         * @return The newly created StaticIpConfiguration.
+         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if an invalid configuration is attempted, e.g.
+         * if an IP Address was not configured via {@link #setIpAddress(LinkAddress)}.
+         */
+        public @NonNull StaticIpConfiguration build() {
+            final StaticIpConfiguration config = new StaticIpConfiguration();
+            config.ipAddress = mIpAddress;
+            config.gateway = mGateway;
+            if (mDnsServers != null) {
+                for (InetAddress server : mDnsServers) {
+                    config.dnsServers.add(server);
+                }
+            }
+            config.domains = mDomains;
+            return config;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add a DNS server to this configuration.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public void addDnsServer(@NonNull InetAddress server) {
+        dnsServers.add(server);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the network routes specified by this object. Will typically include a
+     * directly-connected route for the IP address's local subnet and a default route.
+     * @param iface Interface to include in the routes.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public @NonNull List<RouteInfo> getRoutes(@Nullable String iface) {
+        List<RouteInfo> routes = new ArrayList<RouteInfo>(3);
+        if (ipAddress != null) {
+            RouteInfo connectedRoute = new RouteInfo(ipAddress, null, iface);
+            routes.add(connectedRoute);
+            // If the default gateway is not covered by the directly-connected route, also add a
+            // host route to the gateway as well. This configuration is arguably invalid, but it
+            // used to work in K and earlier, and other OSes appear to accept it.
+            if (gateway != null && !connectedRoute.matches(gateway)) {
+                routes.add(RouteInfo.makeHostRoute(gateway, iface));
+            }
+        }
+        if (gateway != null) {
+            routes.add(new RouteInfo((IpPrefix) null, gateway, iface));
+        }
+        return routes;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a LinkProperties object expressing the data in this object. Note that the information
+     * contained in the LinkProperties will not be a complete picture of the link's configuration,
+     * because any configuration information that is obtained dynamically by the network (e.g.,
+     * IPv6 configuration) will not be included.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public @NonNull LinkProperties toLinkProperties(String iface) {
+        LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.setInterfaceName(iface);
+        if (ipAddress != null) {
+            lp.addLinkAddress(ipAddress);
+        }
+        for (RouteInfo route : getRoutes(iface)) {
+            lp.addRoute(route);
+        }
+        for (InetAddress dns : dnsServers) {
+            lp.addDnsServer(dns);
+        }
+        lp.setDomains(domains);
+        return lp;
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        StringBuffer str = new StringBuffer();
+
+        str.append("IP address ");
+        if (ipAddress != null ) str.append(ipAddress).append(" ");
+
+        str.append("Gateway ");
+        if (gateway != null) str.append(gateway.getHostAddress()).append(" ");
+
+        str.append(" DNS servers: [");
+        for (InetAddress dnsServer : dnsServers) {
+            str.append(" ").append(dnsServer.getHostAddress());
+        }
+
+        str.append(" ] Domains ");
+        if (domains != null) str.append(domains);
+        return str.toString();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        int result = 13;
+        result = 47 * result + (ipAddress == null ? 0 : ipAddress.hashCode());
+        result = 47 * result + (gateway == null ? 0 : gateway.hashCode());
+        result = 47 * result + (domains == null ? 0 : domains.hashCode());
+        result = 47 * result + dnsServers.hashCode();
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
+        if (this == obj) return true;
+
+        if (!(obj instanceof StaticIpConfiguration)) return false;
+
+        StaticIpConfiguration other = (StaticIpConfiguration) obj;
+
+        return other != null &&
+                Objects.equals(ipAddress, other.ipAddress) &&
+                Objects.equals(gateway, other.gateway) &&
+                dnsServers.equals(other.dnsServers) &&
+                Objects.equals(domains, other.domains);
+    }
+
+    /** Implement the Parcelable interface */
+    public static final @android.annotation.NonNull Creator<StaticIpConfiguration> CREATOR =
+        new Creator<StaticIpConfiguration>() {
+            public StaticIpConfiguration createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+                return readFromParcel(in);
+            }
+
+            public StaticIpConfiguration[] newArray(int size) {
+                return new StaticIpConfiguration[size];
+            }
+        };
+
+    /** Implement the Parcelable interface */
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /** Implement the Parcelable interface */
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(@NonNull Parcel dest, int flags) {
+        dest.writeParcelable(ipAddress, flags);
+        InetAddressUtils.parcelInetAddress(dest, gateway, flags);
+        dest.writeInt(dnsServers.size());
+        for (InetAddress dnsServer : dnsServers) {
+            InetAddressUtils.parcelInetAddress(dest, dnsServer, flags);
+        }
+        dest.writeString(domains);
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public static @NonNull StaticIpConfiguration readFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+        final StaticIpConfiguration s = new StaticIpConfiguration();
+        s.ipAddress = in.readParcelable(null);
+        s.gateway = InetAddressUtils.unparcelInetAddress(in);
+        s.dnsServers.clear();
+        int size = in.readInt();
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            s.dnsServers.add(InetAddressUtils.unparcelInetAddress(in));
+        }
+        s.domains = in.readString();
+        return s;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/TcpKeepalivePacketData.java b/framework/src/android/net/TcpKeepalivePacketData.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c2c4f32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/TcpKeepalivePacketData.java
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Represents the actual tcp keep alive packets which will be used for hardware offload.
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi
+public final class TcpKeepalivePacketData extends KeepalivePacketData implements Parcelable {
+    private static final String TAG = "TcpKeepalivePacketData";
+
+    /**
+     * TCP sequence number.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public final int tcpSeq;
+
+    /**
+     * TCP ACK number.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public final int tcpAck;
+
+    /**
+     * TCP RCV window.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public final int tcpWindow;
+
+    /** TCP RCV window scale.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public final int tcpWindowScale;
+
+    /**
+     * IP TOS.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public final int ipTos;
+
+    /**
+     * IP TTL.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public final int ipTtl;
+
+    public TcpKeepalivePacketData(@NonNull final InetAddress srcAddress, int srcPort,
+            @NonNull final InetAddress dstAddress, int dstPort, @NonNull final byte[] data,
+            int tcpSeq, int tcpAck, int tcpWindow, int tcpWindowScale, int ipTos, int ipTtl)
+            throws InvalidPacketException {
+        super(srcAddress, srcPort, dstAddress, dstPort, data);
+        this.tcpSeq = tcpSeq;
+        this.tcpAck = tcpAck;
+        this.tcpWindow = tcpWindow;
+        this.tcpWindowScale = tcpWindowScale;
+        this.ipTos = ipTos;
+        this.ipTtl = ipTtl;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the TCP sequence number.
+     *
+     * See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc793#page-15.
+     */
+    public int getTcpSeq() {
+        return tcpSeq;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the TCP ACK number.
+     *
+     * See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc793#page-15.
+     */
+    public int getTcpAck() {
+        return tcpAck;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the TCP RCV window.
+     *
+     * See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc793#page-15.
+     */
+    public int getTcpWindow() {
+        return tcpWindow;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the TCP RCV window scale.
+     *
+     * See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc793#page-15.
+     */
+    public int getTcpWindowScale() {
+        return tcpWindowScale;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the IP type of service.
+     */
+    public int getIpTos() {
+        return ipTos;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the IP TTL.
+     */
+    public int getIpTtl() {
+        return ipTtl;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(@Nullable final Object o) {
+        if (!(o instanceof TcpKeepalivePacketData)) return false;
+        final TcpKeepalivePacketData other = (TcpKeepalivePacketData) o;
+        final InetAddress srcAddress = getSrcAddress();
+        final InetAddress dstAddress = getDstAddress();
+        return srcAddress.equals(other.getSrcAddress())
+                && dstAddress.equals(other.getDstAddress())
+                && getSrcPort() == other.getSrcPort()
+                && getDstPort() == other.getDstPort()
+                && this.tcpAck == other.tcpAck
+                && this.tcpSeq == other.tcpSeq
+                && this.tcpWindow == other.tcpWindow
+                && this.tcpWindowScale == other.tcpWindowScale
+                && this.ipTos == other.ipTos
+                && this.ipTtl == other.ipTtl;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hash(getSrcAddress(), getDstAddress(), getSrcPort(), getDstPort(),
+                tcpAck, tcpSeq, tcpWindow, tcpWindowScale, ipTos, ipTtl);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parcelable Implementation.
+     * Note that this object implements parcelable (and needs to keep doing this as it inherits
+     * from a class that does), but should usually be parceled as a stable parcelable using
+     * the toStableParcelable() and fromStableParcelable() methods.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /** Write to parcel. */
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(@NonNull Parcel out, int flags) {
+        out.writeString(getSrcAddress().getHostAddress());
+        out.writeString(getDstAddress().getHostAddress());
+        out.writeInt(getSrcPort());
+        out.writeInt(getDstPort());
+        out.writeByteArray(getPacket());
+        out.writeInt(tcpSeq);
+        out.writeInt(tcpAck);
+        out.writeInt(tcpWindow);
+        out.writeInt(tcpWindowScale);
+        out.writeInt(ipTos);
+        out.writeInt(ipTtl);
+    }
+
+    private static TcpKeepalivePacketData readFromParcel(Parcel in) throws InvalidPacketException {
+        InetAddress srcAddress = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(in.readString());
+        InetAddress dstAddress = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(in.readString());
+        int srcPort = in.readInt();
+        int dstPort = in.readInt();
+        byte[] packet = in.createByteArray();
+        int tcpSeq = in.readInt();
+        int tcpAck = in.readInt();
+        int tcpWnd = in.readInt();
+        int tcpWndScale = in.readInt();
+        int ipTos = in.readInt();
+        int ipTtl = in.readInt();
+        return new TcpKeepalivePacketData(srcAddress, srcPort, dstAddress, dstPort, packet, tcpSeq,
+                tcpAck, tcpWnd, tcpWndScale, ipTos, ipTtl);
+    }
+
+    /** Parcelable Creator. */
+    public static final @NonNull Parcelable.Creator<TcpKeepalivePacketData> CREATOR =
+            new Parcelable.Creator<TcpKeepalivePacketData>() {
+                public TcpKeepalivePacketData createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+                    try {
+                        return readFromParcel(in);
+                    } catch (InvalidPacketException e) {
+                        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                                "Invalid TCP keepalive data: " + e.getError());
+                    }
+                }
+
+                public TcpKeepalivePacketData[] newArray(int size) {
+                    return new TcpKeepalivePacketData[size];
+                }
+            };
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "saddr: " + getSrcAddress()
+                + " daddr: " + getDstAddress()
+                + " sport: " + getSrcPort()
+                + " dport: " + getDstPort()
+                + " seq: " + tcpSeq
+                + " ack: " + tcpAck
+                + " window: " + tcpWindow
+                + " windowScale: " + tcpWindowScale
+                + " tos: " + ipTos
+                + " ttl: " + ipTtl;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/TcpRepairWindow.java b/framework/src/android/net/TcpRepairWindow.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..86034f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/TcpRepairWindow.java
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+/**
+ * Corresponds to C's {@code struct tcp_repair_window} from
+ * include/uapi/linux/tcp.h
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public final class TcpRepairWindow {
+    public final int sndWl1;
+    public final int sndWnd;
+    public final int maxWindow;
+    public final int rcvWnd;
+    public final int rcvWup;
+    public final int rcvWndScale;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an instance with the given field values.
+     */
+    public TcpRepairWindow(final int sndWl1, final int sndWnd, final int maxWindow,
+            final int rcvWnd, final int rcvWup, final int rcvWndScale) {
+        this.sndWl1 = sndWl1;
+        this.sndWnd = sndWnd;
+        this.maxWindow = maxWindow;
+        this.rcvWnd = rcvWnd;
+        this.rcvWup = rcvWup;
+        this.rcvWndScale = rcvWndScale;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/TcpSocketKeepalive.java b/framework/src/android/net/TcpSocketKeepalive.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d89814d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/TcpSocketKeepalive.java
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+
+/** @hide */
+final class TcpSocketKeepalive extends SocketKeepalive {
+
+    TcpSocketKeepalive(@NonNull IConnectivityManager service,
+            @NonNull Network network,
+            @NonNull ParcelFileDescriptor pfd,
+            @NonNull Executor executor,
+            @NonNull Callback callback) {
+        super(service, network, pfd, executor, callback);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Starts keepalives. {@code mSocket} must be a connected TCP socket.
+     *
+     * - The application must not write to or read from the socket after calling this method, until
+     *   onDataReceived, onStopped, or onError are called. If it does, the keepalive will fail
+     *   with {@link #ERROR_SOCKET_NOT_IDLE}, or {@code #ERROR_INVALID_SOCKET} if the socket
+     *   experienced an error (as in poll(2) returned POLLERR or POLLHUP); if this happens, the data
+     *   received from the socket may be invalid, and the socket can't be recovered.
+     * - If the socket has data in the send or receive buffer, then this call will fail with
+     *   {@link #ERROR_SOCKET_NOT_IDLE} and can be retried after the data has been processed.
+     *   An app could ensure this by using an application-layer protocol to receive acknowledgement
+     *   that indicates all data has been delivered to server, e.g. HTTP 200 OK.
+     *   Then the app could go into keepalive mode after reading all remaining data within the
+     *   acknowledgement.
+     */
+    @Override
+    void startImpl(int intervalSec) {
+        mExecutor.execute(() -> {
+            try {
+                mService.startTcpKeepalive(mNetwork, mPfd, intervalSec, mCallback);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Error starting packet keepalive: ", e);
+                throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void stopImpl() {
+        mExecutor.execute(() -> {
+            try {
+                if (mSlot != null) {
+                    mService.stopKeepalive(mNetwork, mSlot);
+                }
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Error stopping packet keepalive: ", e);
+                throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+            }
+        });
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/TestNetworkInterface.java b/framework/src/android/net/TestNetworkInterface.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4449ff8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/TestNetworkInterface.java
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+
+/**
+ * This class is used to return the interface name and fd of the test interface
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+public final class TestNetworkInterface implements Parcelable {
+    @NonNull
+    private final ParcelFileDescriptor mFileDescriptor;
+    @NonNull
+    private final String mInterfaceName;
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return (mFileDescriptor != null) ? Parcelable.CONTENTS_FILE_DESCRIPTOR : 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(@NonNull Parcel out, int flags) {
+        out.writeParcelable(mFileDescriptor, PARCELABLE_WRITE_RETURN_VALUE);
+        out.writeString(mInterfaceName);
+    }
+
+    public TestNetworkInterface(@NonNull ParcelFileDescriptor pfd, @NonNull String intf) {
+        mFileDescriptor = pfd;
+        mInterfaceName = intf;
+    }
+
+    private TestNetworkInterface(@NonNull Parcel in) {
+        mFileDescriptor = in.readParcelable(ParcelFileDescriptor.class.getClassLoader());
+        mInterfaceName = in.readString();
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    public ParcelFileDescriptor getFileDescriptor() {
+        return mFileDescriptor;
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    public String getInterfaceName() {
+        return mInterfaceName;
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    public static final Parcelable.Creator<TestNetworkInterface> CREATOR =
+            new Parcelable.Creator<TestNetworkInterface>() {
+                public TestNetworkInterface createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+                    return new TestNetworkInterface(in);
+                }
+
+                public TestNetworkInterface[] newArray(int size) {
+                    return new TestNetworkInterface[size];
+                }
+            };
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/TestNetworkManager.java b/framework/src/android/net/TestNetworkManager.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..280e497
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/TestNetworkManager.java
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net;
+
+import android.Manifest;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.RequiresPermission;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Class that allows creation and management of per-app, test-only networks
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+public class TestNetworkManager {
+    /**
+     * Prefix for tun interfaces created by this class.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String TEST_TUN_PREFIX = "testtun";
+
+    /**
+     * Prefix for tap interfaces created by this class.
+     */
+    public static final String TEST_TAP_PREFIX = "testtap";
+
+    @NonNull private static final String TAG = TestNetworkManager.class.getSimpleName();
+
+    @NonNull private final ITestNetworkManager mService;
+
+    private static final boolean TAP = false;
+    private static final boolean TUN = true;
+    private static final boolean BRING_UP = true;
+    private static final LinkAddress[] NO_ADDRS = new LinkAddress[0];
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public TestNetworkManager(@NonNull ITestNetworkManager service) {
+        mService = Objects.requireNonNull(service, "missing ITestNetworkManager");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Teardown the capability-limited, testing-only network for a given interface
+     *
+     * @param network The test network that should be torn down
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS)
+    @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public void teardownTestNetwork(@NonNull Network network) {
+        try {
+            mService.teardownTestNetwork(network.netId);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void setupTestNetwork(
+            @NonNull String iface,
+            @Nullable LinkProperties lp,
+            boolean isMetered,
+            @NonNull int[] administratorUids,
+            @NonNull IBinder binder) {
+        try {
+            mService.setupTestNetwork(iface, lp, isMetered, administratorUids, binder);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets up a capability-limited, testing-only network for a given interface
+     *
+     * @param lp The LinkProperties for the TestNetworkService to use for this test network. Note
+     *     that the interface name and link addresses will be overwritten, and the passed-in values
+     *     discarded.
+     * @param isMetered Whether or not the network should be considered metered.
+     * @param binder A binder object guarding the lifecycle of this test network.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void setupTestNetwork(
+            @NonNull LinkProperties lp, boolean isMetered, @NonNull IBinder binder) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(lp, "Invalid LinkProperties");
+        setupTestNetwork(lp.getInterfaceName(), lp, isMetered, new int[0], binder);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets up a capability-limited, testing-only network for a given interface
+     *
+     * @param iface the name of the interface to be used for the Network LinkProperties.
+     * @param binder A binder object guarding the lifecycle of this test network.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS)
+    @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public void setupTestNetwork(@NonNull String iface, @NonNull IBinder binder) {
+        setupTestNetwork(iface, null, true, new int[0], binder);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets up a capability-limited, testing-only network for a given interface with the given
+     * administrator UIDs.
+     *
+     * @param iface the name of the interface to be used for the Network LinkProperties.
+     * @param administratorUids The administrator UIDs to be used for the test-only network
+     * @param binder A binder object guarding the lifecycle of this test network.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void setupTestNetwork(
+            @NonNull String iface, @NonNull int[] administratorUids, @NonNull IBinder binder) {
+        setupTestNetwork(iface, null, true, administratorUids, binder);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a tun interface for testing purposes
+     *
+     * @param linkAddrs an array of LinkAddresses to assign to the TUN interface
+     * @return A ParcelFileDescriptor of the underlying TUN interface. Close this to tear down the
+     *     TUN interface.
+     * @deprecated Use {@link #createTunInterface(Collection)} instead.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    @NonNull
+    public TestNetworkInterface createTunInterface(@NonNull LinkAddress[] linkAddrs) {
+        return createTunInterface(Arrays.asList(linkAddrs));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a tun interface for testing purposes
+     *
+     * @param linkAddrs an array of LinkAddresses to assign to the TUN interface
+     * @return A ParcelFileDescriptor of the underlying TUN interface. Close this to tear down the
+     *     TUN interface.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS)
+    @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @NonNull
+    public TestNetworkInterface createTunInterface(@NonNull Collection<LinkAddress> linkAddrs) {
+        try {
+            final LinkAddress[] arr = new LinkAddress[linkAddrs.size()];
+            return mService.createInterface(TUN, BRING_UP, linkAddrs.toArray(arr));
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a tap interface for testing purposes
+     *
+     * @return A ParcelFileDescriptor of the underlying TAP interface. Close this to tear down the
+     *     TAP interface.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS)
+    @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @NonNull
+    public TestNetworkInterface createTapInterface() {
+        try {
+            return mService.createInterface(TAP, BRING_UP, NO_ADDRS);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a tap interface for testing purposes
+     *
+     * @param bringUp whether to bring up the interface before returning it.
+     *
+     * @return A ParcelFileDescriptor of the underlying TAP interface. Close this to tear down the
+     *     TAP interface.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS)
+    @NonNull
+    public TestNetworkInterface createTapInterface(boolean bringUp) {
+        try {
+            return mService.createInterface(TAP, bringUp, NO_ADDRS);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/TestNetworkSpecifier.java b/framework/src/android/net/TestNetworkSpecifier.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..117457d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/TestNetworkSpecifier.java
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * A {@link NetworkSpecifier} used to identify test interfaces.
+ *
+ * @see TestNetworkManager
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+public final class TestNetworkSpecifier extends NetworkSpecifier implements Parcelable {
+
+    /**
+     * Name of the network interface.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    private final String mInterfaceName;
+
+    public TestNetworkSpecifier(@NonNull String interfaceName) {
+        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(interfaceName)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Empty interfaceName");
+        }
+        mInterfaceName = interfaceName;
+    }
+
+    // This may be null in the future to support specifiers based on data other than the interface
+    // name.
+    @Nullable
+    public String getInterfaceName() {
+        return mInterfaceName;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean canBeSatisfiedBy(@Nullable NetworkSpecifier other) {
+        return equals(other);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+        if (!(o instanceof TestNetworkSpecifier)) return false;
+        return TextUtils.equals(mInterfaceName, ((TestNetworkSpecifier) o).mInterfaceName);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hashCode(mInterfaceName);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "TestNetworkSpecifier (" + mInterfaceName + ")";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(@NonNull Parcel dest, int flags) {
+        dest.writeString(mInterfaceName);
+    }
+
+    public static final @NonNull Creator<TestNetworkSpecifier> CREATOR =
+            new Creator<TestNetworkSpecifier>() {
+        public TestNetworkSpecifier createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+            return new TestNetworkSpecifier(in.readString());
+        }
+        public TestNetworkSpecifier[] newArray(int size) {
+            return new TestNetworkSpecifier[size];
+        }
+    };
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/TransportInfo.java b/framework/src/android/net/TransportInfo.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa889ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/TransportInfo.java
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+
+/**
+ * A container for transport-specific capabilities which is returned by
+ * {@link NetworkCapabilities#getTransportInfo()}. Specific networks
+ * may provide concrete implementations of this interface.
+ * @see android.net.wifi.aware.WifiAwareNetworkInfo
+ * @see android.net.wifi.WifiInfo
+ */
+public interface TransportInfo {
+
+    /**
+     * Create a copy of a {@link TransportInfo} with some fields redacted based on the permissions
+     * held by the receiving app.
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * Usage by connectivity stack:
+     * <ul>
+     * <li> Connectivity stack will invoke {@link #getApplicableRedactions()} to find the list
+     * of redactions that are required by this {@link TransportInfo} instance.</li>
+     * <li> Connectivity stack then loops through each bit in the bitmask returned and checks if the
+     * receiving app holds the corresponding permission.
+     * <ul>
+     * <li> If the app holds the corresponding permission, the bit is cleared from the
+     * |redactions| bitmask. </li>
+     * <li> If the app does not hold the corresponding permission, the bit is retained in the
+     * |redactions| bitmask. </li>
+     * </ul>
+     * <li> Connectivity stack then invokes {@link #makeCopy(long)} with the necessary |redactions|
+     * to create a copy to send to the corresponding app. </li>
+     * </ul>
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * @param redactions bitmask of redactions that needs to be performed on this instance.
+     * @return Copy of this instance with the necessary redactions.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @NonNull
+    default TransportInfo makeCopy(@NetworkCapabilities.RedactionType long redactions) {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a bitmask of all the applicable redactions (based on the permissions held by the
+     * receiving app) to be performed on this TransportInfo.
+     *
+     * @return bitmask of redactions applicable on this instance.
+     * @see #makeCopy(long)
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    default @NetworkCapabilities.RedactionType long getApplicableRedactions() {
+        return NetworkCapabilities.REDACT_NONE;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/UidRange.aidl b/framework/src/android/net/UidRange.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f70fc8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/UidRange.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+/**
+ * An inclusive range of UIDs.
+ *
+ * {@hide}
+ */
+parcelable UidRange;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/UidRange.java b/framework/src/android/net/UidRange.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1f64f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/UidRange.java
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
+import android.util.Range;
+
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * An inclusive range of UIDs.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public final class UidRange implements Parcelable {
+    public final int start;
+    public final int stop;
+
+    public UidRange(int startUid, int stopUid) {
+        if (startUid < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid start UID.");
+        if (stopUid < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid stop UID.");
+        if (startUid > stopUid) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid UID range.");
+        start = startUid;
+        stop  = stopUid;
+    }
+
+    /** Creates a UidRange for the specified user. */
+    public static UidRange createForUser(UserHandle user) {
+        final UserHandle nextUser = UserHandle.of(user.getIdentifier() + 1);
+        final int start = user.getUid(0 /* appId */);
+        final int end = nextUser.getUid(0 /* appId */) - 1;
+        return new UidRange(start, end);
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the smallest user Id which is contained in this UidRange */
+    public int getStartUser() {
+        return UserHandle.getUserHandleForUid(start).getIdentifier();
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the largest user Id which is contained in this UidRange */
+    public int getEndUser() {
+        return UserHandle.getUserHandleForUid(stop).getIdentifier();
+    }
+
+    /** Returns whether the UidRange contains the specified UID. */
+    public boolean contains(int uid) {
+        return start <= uid && uid <= stop;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the count of UIDs in this range.
+     */
+    public int count() {
+        return 1 + stop - start;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return {@code true} if this range contains every UID contained by the {@code other} range.
+     */
+    public boolean containsRange(UidRange other) {
+        return start <= other.start && other.stop <= stop;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        int result = 17;
+        result = 31 * result + start;
+        result = 31 * result + stop;
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object o) {
+        if (this == o) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (o instanceof UidRange) {
+            UidRange other = (UidRange) o;
+            return start == other.start && stop == other.stop;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return start + "-" + stop;
+    }
+
+    // Implement the Parcelable interface
+    // TODO: Consider making this class no longer parcelable, since all users are likely in the
+    // system server.
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
+        dest.writeInt(start);
+        dest.writeInt(stop);
+    }
+
+    public static final @android.annotation.NonNull Creator<UidRange> CREATOR =
+            new Creator<UidRange>() {
+        @Override
+        public UidRange createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+            int start = in.readInt();
+            int stop = in.readInt();
+
+            return new UidRange(start, stop);
+        }
+        @Override
+        public UidRange[] newArray(int size) {
+            return new UidRange[size];
+        }
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether any of the UidRange in the collection contains the specified uid
+     *
+     * @param ranges The collection of UidRange to check
+     * @param uid the uid in question
+     * @return {@code true} if the uid is contained within the ranges, {@code false} otherwise
+     *
+     * @see UidRange#contains(int)
+     */
+    public static boolean containsUid(Collection<UidRange> ranges, int uid) {
+        if (ranges == null) return false;
+        for (UidRange range : ranges) {
+            if (range.contains(uid)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Convert a set of {@code Range<Integer>} to a set of {@link UidRange}.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public static ArraySet<UidRange> fromIntRanges(@Nullable Set<Range<Integer>> ranges) {
+        if (null == ranges) return null;
+
+        final ArraySet<UidRange> uids = new ArraySet<>();
+        for (Range<Integer> range : ranges) {
+            uids.add(new UidRange(range.getLower(), range.getUpper()));
+        }
+        return uids;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Convert a set of {@link UidRange} to a set of {@code Range<Integer>}.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public static ArraySet<Range<Integer>> toIntRanges(@Nullable Set<UidRange> ranges) {
+        if (null == ranges) return null;
+
+        final ArraySet<Range<Integer>> uids = new ArraySet<>();
+        for (UidRange range : ranges) {
+            uids.add(new Range<Integer>(range.start, range.stop));
+        }
+        return uids;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compare if the given UID range sets have the same UIDs.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static boolean hasSameUids(@Nullable Set<UidRange> uids1,
+            @Nullable Set<UidRange> uids2) {
+        if (null == uids1) return null == uids2;
+        if (null == uids2) return false;
+        // Make a copy so it can be mutated to check that all ranges in uids2 also are in uids.
+        final Set<UidRange> remainingUids = new ArraySet<>(uids2);
+        for (UidRange range : uids1) {
+            if (!remainingUids.contains(range)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            remainingUids.remove(range);
+        }
+        return remainingUids.isEmpty();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/VpnTransportInfo.java b/framework/src/android/net/VpnTransportInfo.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4071c9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/VpnTransportInfo.java
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.annotation.SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.REDACT_FOR_NETWORK_SETTINGS;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.RedactionType;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Container for VPN-specific transport information.
+ *
+ * @see android.net.TransportInfo
+ * @see NetworkCapabilities#getTransportInfo()
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+public final class VpnTransportInfo implements TransportInfo, Parcelable {
+    /** Type of this VPN. */
+    private final int mType;
+
+    @Nullable
+    private final String mSessionId;
+
+    @Override
+    public @RedactionType long getApplicableRedactions() {
+        return REDACT_FOR_NETWORK_SETTINGS;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a copy of a {@link VpnTransportInfo} with the sessionId redacted if necessary.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public VpnTransportInfo makeCopy(@RedactionType long redactions) {
+        return new VpnTransportInfo(mType,
+            ((redactions & REDACT_FOR_NETWORK_SETTINGS) != 0) ? null : mSessionId);
+    }
+
+    public VpnTransportInfo(int type, @Nullable String sessionId) {
+        this.mType = type;
+        this.mSessionId = sessionId;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the session Id of this VpnTransportInfo.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public String getSessionId() {
+        return mSessionId;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the type of this VPN.
+     */
+    public int getType() {
+        return mType;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+        if (!(o instanceof VpnTransportInfo)) return false;
+
+        VpnTransportInfo that = (VpnTransportInfo) o;
+        return (this.mType == that.mType) && TextUtils.equals(this.mSessionId, that.mSessionId);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hash(mType, mSessionId);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return String.format("VpnTransportInfo{type=%d, sessionId=%s}", mType, mSessionId);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(@NonNull Parcel dest, int flags) {
+        dest.writeInt(mType);
+        dest.writeString(mSessionId);
+    }
+
+    public static final @NonNull Creator<VpnTransportInfo> CREATOR =
+            new Creator<VpnTransportInfo>() {
+        public VpnTransportInfo createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+            return new VpnTransportInfo(in.readInt(), in.readString());
+        }
+        public VpnTransportInfo[] newArray(int size) {
+            return new VpnTransportInfo[size];
+        }
+    };
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/apf/ApfCapabilities.java b/framework/src/android/net/apf/ApfCapabilities.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..663c1b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/apf/ApfCapabilities.java
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.apf;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.res.Resources;
+import android.net.ConnectivityResources;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+
+/**
+ * APF program support capabilities. APF stands for Android Packet Filtering and it is a flexible
+ * way to drop unwanted network packets to save power.
+ *
+ * See documentation at hardware/google/apf/apf.h
+ *
+ * This class is immutable.
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi
+public final class ApfCapabilities implements Parcelable {
+    private static ConnectivityResources sResources;
+
+    /**
+     * Version of APF instruction set supported for packet filtering. 0 indicates no support for
+     * packet filtering using APF programs.
+     */
+    public final int apfVersionSupported;
+
+    /**
+     * Maximum size of APF program allowed.
+     */
+    public final int maximumApfProgramSize;
+
+    /**
+     * Format of packets passed to APF filter. Should be one of ARPHRD_*
+     */
+    public final int apfPacketFormat;
+
+    public ApfCapabilities(
+            int apfVersionSupported, int maximumApfProgramSize, int apfPacketFormat) {
+        this.apfVersionSupported = apfVersionSupported;
+        this.maximumApfProgramSize = maximumApfProgramSize;
+        this.apfPacketFormat = apfPacketFormat;
+    }
+
+    private ApfCapabilities(Parcel in) {
+        apfVersionSupported = in.readInt();
+        maximumApfProgramSize = in.readInt();
+        apfPacketFormat = in.readInt();
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    private static synchronized ConnectivityResources getResources(@NonNull Context ctx) {
+        if (sResources == null)  {
+            sResources = new ConnectivityResources(ctx);
+        }
+        return sResources;
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
+        dest.writeInt(apfVersionSupported);
+        dest.writeInt(maximumApfProgramSize);
+        dest.writeInt(apfPacketFormat);
+    }
+
+    public static final Creator<ApfCapabilities> CREATOR = new Creator<ApfCapabilities>() {
+        @Override
+        public ApfCapabilities createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+            return new ApfCapabilities(in);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public ApfCapabilities[] newArray(int size) {
+            return new ApfCapabilities[size];
+        }
+    };
+
+    @NonNull
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return String.format("%s{version: %d, maxSize: %d, format: %d}", getClass().getSimpleName(),
+                apfVersionSupported, maximumApfProgramSize, apfPacketFormat);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
+        if (!(obj instanceof  ApfCapabilities)) return false;
+        final ApfCapabilities other = (ApfCapabilities) obj;
+        return apfVersionSupported == other.apfVersionSupported
+                && maximumApfProgramSize == other.maximumApfProgramSize
+                && apfPacketFormat == other.apfPacketFormat;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determines whether the APF interpreter advertises support for the data buffer access opcodes
+     * LDDW (LoaD Data Word) and STDW (STore Data Word). Full LDDW (LoaD Data Word) and
+     * STDW (STore Data Word) support is present from APFv4 on.
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} if the IWifiStaIface#readApfPacketFilterData is supported.
+     */
+    public boolean hasDataAccess() {
+        return apfVersionSupported >= 4;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return Whether the APF Filter in the device should filter out IEEE 802.3 Frames.
+     */
+    public static boolean getApfDrop8023Frames() {
+        // TODO: deprecate/remove this method (now unused in the platform), as the resource was
+        // moved to NetworkStack.
+        final Resources systemRes = Resources.getSystem();
+        final int id = systemRes.getIdentifier("config_apfDrop802_3Frames", "bool", "android");
+        return systemRes.getBoolean(id);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return An array of denylisted EtherType, packets with EtherTypes within it will be dropped.
+     */
+    public static @NonNull int[] getApfEtherTypeBlackList() {
+        // TODO: deprecate/remove this method (now unused in the platform), as the resource was
+        // moved to NetworkStack.
+        final Resources systemRes = Resources.getSystem();
+        final int id = systemRes.getIdentifier("config_apfEthTypeBlackList", "array", "android");
+        return systemRes.getIntArray(id);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/util/DnsUtils.java b/framework/src/android/net/util/DnsUtils.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3fe245e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/util/DnsUtils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,377 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.util;
+
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET6;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_DGRAM;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.system.Os;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import libcore.io.IoUtils;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.SocketAddress;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class DnsUtils {
+    private static final String TAG = "DnsUtils";
+    private static final int CHAR_BIT = 8;
+    public static final int IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_NODELOCAL = 0x01;
+    public static final int IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_LINKLOCAL = 0x02;
+    public static final int IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_SITELOCAL = 0x05;
+    public static final int IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_GLOBAL = 0x0e;
+    private static final Comparator<SortableAddress> sRfc6724Comparator = new Rfc6724Comparator();
+
+    /**
+     * Comparator to sort SortableAddress in Rfc6724 style.
+     */
+    public static class Rfc6724Comparator implements Comparator<SortableAddress> {
+        // This function matches the behaviour of _rfc6724_compare in the native resolver.
+        @Override
+        public int compare(SortableAddress span1, SortableAddress span2) {
+            // Rule 1: Avoid unusable destinations.
+            if (span1.hasSrcAddr != span2.hasSrcAddr) {
+                return span2.hasSrcAddr - span1.hasSrcAddr;
+            }
+
+            // Rule 2: Prefer matching scope.
+            if (span1.scopeMatch != span2.scopeMatch) {
+                return span2.scopeMatch - span1.scopeMatch;
+            }
+
+            // TODO: Implement rule 3: Avoid deprecated addresses.
+            // TODO: Implement rule 4: Prefer home addresses.
+
+            // Rule 5: Prefer matching label.
+            if (span1.labelMatch != span2.labelMatch) {
+                return span2.labelMatch - span1.labelMatch;
+            }
+
+            // Rule 6: Prefer higher precedence.
+            if (span1.precedence != span2.precedence) {
+                return span2.precedence - span1.precedence;
+            }
+
+            // TODO: Implement rule 7: Prefer native transport.
+
+            // Rule 8: Prefer smaller scope.
+            if (span1.scope != span2.scope) {
+                return span1.scope - span2.scope;
+            }
+
+            // Rule 9: Use longest matching prefix. IPv6 only.
+            if (span1.prefixMatchLen != span2.prefixMatchLen) {
+                return span2.prefixMatchLen - span1.prefixMatchLen;
+            }
+
+            // Rule 10: Leave the order unchanged. Collections.sort is a stable sort.
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Class used to sort with RFC 6724
+     */
+    public static class SortableAddress {
+        public final int label;
+        public final int labelMatch;
+        public final int scope;
+        public final int scopeMatch;
+        public final int precedence;
+        public final int prefixMatchLen;
+        public final int hasSrcAddr;
+        public final InetAddress address;
+
+        public SortableAddress(@NonNull InetAddress addr, @Nullable InetAddress srcAddr) {
+            address = addr;
+            hasSrcAddr = (srcAddr != null) ? 1 : 0;
+            label = findLabel(addr);
+            scope = findScope(addr);
+            precedence = findPrecedence(addr);
+            labelMatch = ((srcAddr != null) && (label == findLabel(srcAddr))) ? 1 : 0;
+            scopeMatch = ((srcAddr != null) && (scope == findScope(srcAddr))) ? 1 : 0;
+            if (isIpv6Address(addr) && isIpv6Address(srcAddr)) {
+                prefixMatchLen = compareIpv6PrefixMatchLen(srcAddr, addr);
+            } else {
+                prefixMatchLen = 0;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sort the given address list in RFC6724 order.
+     * Will leave the list unchanged if an error occurs.
+     *
+     * This function matches the behaviour of _rfc6724_sort in the native resolver.
+     */
+    public static @NonNull List<InetAddress> rfc6724Sort(@Nullable Network network,
+            @NonNull List<InetAddress> answers) {
+        final ArrayList<SortableAddress> sortableAnswerList = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (InetAddress addr : answers) {
+            sortableAnswerList.add(new SortableAddress(addr, findSrcAddress(network, addr)));
+        }
+
+        Collections.sort(sortableAnswerList, sRfc6724Comparator);
+
+        final List<InetAddress> sortedAnswers = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (SortableAddress ans : sortableAnswerList) {
+            sortedAnswers.add(ans.address);
+        }
+
+        return sortedAnswers;
+    }
+
+    private static @Nullable InetAddress findSrcAddress(@Nullable Network network,
+            @NonNull InetAddress addr) {
+        final int domain;
+        if (isIpv4Address(addr)) {
+            domain = AF_INET;
+        } else if (isIpv6Address(addr)) {
+            domain = AF_INET6;
+        } else {
+            return null;
+        }
+        final FileDescriptor socket;
+        try {
+            socket = Os.socket(domain, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "findSrcAddress:" + e.toString());
+            return null;
+        }
+        try {
+            if (network != null) network.bindSocket(socket);
+            Os.connect(socket, new InetSocketAddress(addr, 0));
+            return ((InetSocketAddress) Os.getsockname(socket)).getAddress();
+        } catch (IOException | ErrnoException e) {
+            return null;
+        } finally {
+            IoUtils.closeQuietly(socket);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the label for a given IPv4/IPv6 address.
+     * RFC 6724, section 2.1.
+     *
+     * Note that Java will return an IPv4-mapped address as an IPv4 address.
+     */
+    private static int findLabel(@NonNull InetAddress addr) {
+        if (isIpv4Address(addr)) {
+            return 4;
+        } else if (isIpv6Address(addr)) {
+            if (addr.isLoopbackAddress()) {
+                return 0;
+            } else if (isIpv6Address6To4(addr)) {
+                return 2;
+            } else if (isIpv6AddressTeredo(addr)) {
+                return 5;
+            } else if (isIpv6AddressULA(addr)) {
+                return 13;
+            } else if (((Inet6Address) addr).isIPv4CompatibleAddress()) {
+                return 3;
+            } else if (addr.isSiteLocalAddress()) {
+                return 11;
+            } else if (isIpv6Address6Bone(addr)) {
+                return 12;
+            } else {
+                // All other IPv6 addresses, including global unicast addresses.
+                return 1;
+            }
+        } else {
+            // This should never happen.
+            return 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isIpv6Address(@Nullable InetAddress addr) {
+        return addr instanceof Inet6Address;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isIpv4Address(@Nullable InetAddress addr) {
+        return addr instanceof Inet4Address;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isIpv6Address6To4(@NonNull InetAddress addr) {
+        if (!isIpv6Address(addr)) return false;
+        final byte[] byteAddr = addr.getAddress();
+        return byteAddr[0] == 0x20 && byteAddr[1] == 0x02;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isIpv6AddressTeredo(@NonNull InetAddress addr) {
+        if (!isIpv6Address(addr)) return false;
+        final byte[] byteAddr = addr.getAddress();
+        return byteAddr[0] == 0x20 && byteAddr[1] == 0x01 && byteAddr[2] == 0x00
+                && byteAddr[3] == 0x00;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isIpv6AddressULA(@NonNull InetAddress addr) {
+        return isIpv6Address(addr) && (addr.getAddress()[0] & 0xfe) == 0xfc;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isIpv6Address6Bone(@NonNull InetAddress addr) {
+        if (!isIpv6Address(addr)) return false;
+        final byte[] byteAddr = addr.getAddress();
+        return byteAddr[0] == 0x3f && byteAddr[1] == (byte) 0xfe;
+    }
+
+    private static int getIpv6MulticastScope(@NonNull InetAddress addr) {
+        return !isIpv6Address(addr) ? 0 : (addr.getAddress()[1] & 0x0f);
+    }
+
+    private static int findScope(@NonNull InetAddress addr) {
+        if (isIpv6Address(addr)) {
+            if (addr.isMulticastAddress()) {
+                return getIpv6MulticastScope(addr);
+            } else if (addr.isLoopbackAddress() || addr.isLinkLocalAddress()) {
+                /**
+                 * RFC 4291 section 2.5.3 says loopback is to be treated as having
+                 * link-local scope.
+                 */
+                return IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_LINKLOCAL;
+            } else if (addr.isSiteLocalAddress()) {
+                return IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_SITELOCAL;
+            } else {
+                return IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_GLOBAL;
+            }
+        } else if (isIpv4Address(addr)) {
+            if (addr.isLoopbackAddress() || addr.isLinkLocalAddress()) {
+                return IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_LINKLOCAL;
+            } else {
+                /**
+                 * RFC 6724 section 3.2. Other IPv4 addresses, including private addresses
+                 * and shared addresses (100.64.0.0/10), are assigned global scope.
+                 */
+                return IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_GLOBAL;
+            }
+        } else {
+            /**
+             * This should never happen.
+             * Return a scope with low priority as a last resort.
+             */
+            return IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_NODELOCAL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the precedence for a given IPv4/IPv6 address.
+     * RFC 6724, section 2.1.
+     *
+     * Note that Java will return an IPv4-mapped address as an IPv4 address.
+     */
+    private static int findPrecedence(@NonNull InetAddress addr) {
+        if (isIpv4Address(addr)) {
+            return 35;
+        } else if (isIpv6Address(addr)) {
+            if (addr.isLoopbackAddress()) {
+                return 50;
+            } else if (isIpv6Address6To4(addr)) {
+                return 30;
+            } else if (isIpv6AddressTeredo(addr)) {
+                return 5;
+            } else if (isIpv6AddressULA(addr)) {
+                return 3;
+            } else if (((Inet6Address) addr).isIPv4CompatibleAddress() || addr.isSiteLocalAddress()
+                    || isIpv6Address6Bone(addr)) {
+                return 1;
+            } else {
+                // All other IPv6 addresses, including global unicast addresses.
+                return 40;
+            }
+        } else {
+            return 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find number of matching initial bits between the two addresses.
+     */
+    private static int compareIpv6PrefixMatchLen(@NonNull InetAddress srcAddr,
+            @NonNull InetAddress dstAddr) {
+        final byte[] srcByte = srcAddr.getAddress();
+        final byte[] dstByte = dstAddr.getAddress();
+
+        // This should never happen.
+        if (srcByte.length != dstByte.length) return 0;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < dstByte.length; ++i) {
+            if (srcByte[i] == dstByte[i]) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            int x = (srcByte[i] & 0xff) ^ (dstByte[i] & 0xff);
+            return i * CHAR_BIT + (Integer.numberOfLeadingZeros(x) - 24);  // Java ints are 32 bits
+        }
+        return dstByte.length * CHAR_BIT;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if given network has Ipv4 capability
+     * This function matches the behaviour of have_ipv4 in the native resolver.
+     */
+    public static boolean haveIpv4(@Nullable Network network) {
+        final SocketAddress addrIpv4 =
+                new InetSocketAddress(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("8.8.8.8"), 0);
+        return checkConnectivity(network, AF_INET, addrIpv4);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if given network has Ipv6 capability
+     * This function matches the behaviour of have_ipv6 in the native resolver.
+     */
+    public static boolean haveIpv6(@Nullable Network network) {
+        final SocketAddress addrIpv6 =
+                new InetSocketAddress(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2000::"), 0);
+        return checkConnectivity(network, AF_INET6, addrIpv6);
+    }
+
+    private static boolean checkConnectivity(@Nullable Network network,
+            int domain, @NonNull SocketAddress addr) {
+        final FileDescriptor socket;
+        try {
+            socket = Os.socket(domain, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        try {
+            if (network != null) network.bindSocket(socket);
+            Os.connect(socket, addr);
+        } catch (IOException | ErrnoException e) {
+            return false;
+        } finally {
+            IoUtils.closeQuietly(socket);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/util/KeepaliveUtils.java b/framework/src/android/net/util/KeepaliveUtils.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d7a0b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/util/KeepaliveUtils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.util;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.res.Resources;
+import android.net.ConnectivityResources;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+import android.util.AndroidRuntimeException;
+
+/**
+ * Collection of utilities for socket keepalive offload.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public final class KeepaliveUtils {
+
+    public static final String TAG = "KeepaliveUtils";
+
+    public static class KeepaliveDeviceConfigurationException extends AndroidRuntimeException {
+        public KeepaliveDeviceConfigurationException(final String msg) {
+            super(msg);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Read supported keepalive count for each transport type from overlay resource. This should be
+     * used to create a local variable store of resource customization, and use it as the input for
+     * {@link getSupportedKeepalivesForNetworkCapabilities}.
+     *
+     * @param context The context to read resource from.
+     * @return An array of supported keepalive count for each transport type.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public static int[] getSupportedKeepalives(@NonNull Context context) {
+        String[] res = null;
+        try {
+            final ConnectivityResources connRes = new ConnectivityResources(context);
+            // TODO: use R.id.config_networkSupportedKeepaliveCount directly
+            final int id = connRes.get().getIdentifier("config_networkSupportedKeepaliveCount",
+                    "array", connRes.getResourcesContext().getPackageName());
+            res = new ConnectivityResources(context).get().getStringArray(id);
+        } catch (Resources.NotFoundException unused) {
+        }
+        if (res == null) throw new KeepaliveDeviceConfigurationException("invalid resource");
+
+        final int[] ret = new int[NetworkCapabilities.MAX_TRANSPORT + 1];
+        for (final String row : res) {
+            if (TextUtils.isEmpty(row)) {
+                throw new KeepaliveDeviceConfigurationException("Empty string");
+            }
+            final String[] arr = row.split(",");
+            if (arr.length != 2) {
+                throw new KeepaliveDeviceConfigurationException("Invalid parameter length");
+            }
+
+            int transport;
+            int supported;
+            try {
+                transport = Integer.parseInt(arr[0]);
+                supported = Integer.parseInt(arr[1]);
+            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+                throw new KeepaliveDeviceConfigurationException("Invalid number format");
+            }
+
+            if (!NetworkCapabilities.isValidTransport(transport)) {
+                throw new KeepaliveDeviceConfigurationException("Invalid transport " + transport);
+            }
+
+            if (supported < 0) {
+                throw new KeepaliveDeviceConfigurationException(
+                        "Invalid supported count " + supported + " for "
+                                + NetworkCapabilities.transportNameOf(transport));
+            }
+            ret[transport] = supported;
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get supported keepalive count for the given {@link NetworkCapabilities}.
+     *
+     * @param supportedKeepalives An array of supported keepalive count for each transport type.
+     * @param nc The {@link NetworkCapabilities} of the network the socket keepalive is on.
+     *
+     * @return Supported keepalive count for the given {@link NetworkCapabilities}.
+     */
+    public static int getSupportedKeepalivesForNetworkCapabilities(
+            @NonNull int[] supportedKeepalives, @NonNull NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        final int[] transports = nc.getTransportTypes();
+        if (transports.length == 0) return 0;
+        int supportedCount = supportedKeepalives[transports[0]];
+        // Iterate through transports and return minimum supported value.
+        for (final int transport : transports) {
+            if (supportedCount > supportedKeepalives[transport]) {
+                supportedCount = supportedKeepalives[transport];
+            }
+        }
+        return supportedCount;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/util/MultinetworkPolicyTracker.java b/framework/src/android/net/util/MultinetworkPolicyTracker.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c1790c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/util/MultinetworkPolicyTracker.java
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.util;
+
+import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI;
+import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.NETWORK_METERED_MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.TargetApi;
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
+import android.content.ContentResolver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.IntentFilter;
+import android.content.res.Resources;
+import android.database.ContentObserver;
+import android.net.ConnectivityResources;
+import android.net.Uri;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.provider.Settings;
+import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager;
+import android.telephony.TelephonyCallback;
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException;
+
+/**
+ * A class to encapsulate management of the "Smart Networking" capability of
+ * avoiding bad Wi-Fi when, for example upstream connectivity is lost or
+ * certain critical link failures occur.
+ *
+ * This enables the device to switch to another form of connectivity, like
+ * mobile, if it's available and working.
+ *
+ * The Runnable |avoidBadWifiCallback|, if given, is posted to the supplied
+ * Handler' whenever the computed "avoid bad wifi" value changes.
+ *
+ * Disabling this reverts the device to a level of networking sophistication
+ * circa 2012-13 by disabling disparate code paths each of which contribute to
+ * maintaining continuous, working Internet connectivity.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class MultinetworkPolicyTracker {
+    private static String TAG = MultinetworkPolicyTracker.class.getSimpleName();
+
+    private final Context mContext;
+    private final ConnectivityResources mResources;
+    private final Handler mHandler;
+    private final Runnable mAvoidBadWifiCallback;
+    private final List<Uri> mSettingsUris;
+    private final ContentResolver mResolver;
+    private final SettingObserver mSettingObserver;
+    private final BroadcastReceiver mBroadcastReceiver;
+
+    private volatile boolean mAvoidBadWifi = true;
+    private volatile int mMeteredMultipathPreference;
+    private int mActiveSubId = SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID;
+    private volatile long mTestAllowBadWifiUntilMs = 0;
+
+    // Mainline module can't use internal HandlerExecutor, so add an identical executor here.
+    private static class HandlerExecutor implements Executor {
+        @NonNull
+        private final Handler mHandler;
+
+        HandlerExecutor(@NonNull Handler handler) {
+            mHandler = handler;
+        }
+        @Override
+        public void execute(Runnable command) {
+            if (!mHandler.post(command)) {
+                throw new RejectedExecutionException(mHandler + " is shutting down");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    // TODO: Set the mini sdk to 31 and remove @TargetApi annotation when b/205923322 is addressed.
+    @VisibleForTesting @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.S)
+    protected class ActiveDataSubscriptionIdListener extends TelephonyCallback
+            implements TelephonyCallback.ActiveDataSubscriptionIdListener {
+        @Override
+        public void onActiveDataSubscriptionIdChanged(int subId) {
+            mActiveSubId = subId;
+            reevaluateInternal();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public MultinetworkPolicyTracker(Context ctx, Handler handler) {
+        this(ctx, handler, null);
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Set the mini sdk to 31 and remove @TargetApi annotation when b/205923322 is addressed.
+    @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.S)
+    public MultinetworkPolicyTracker(Context ctx, Handler handler, Runnable avoidBadWifiCallback) {
+        mContext = ctx;
+        mResources = new ConnectivityResources(ctx);
+        mHandler = handler;
+        mAvoidBadWifiCallback = avoidBadWifiCallback;
+        mSettingsUris = Arrays.asList(
+                Settings.Global.getUriFor(NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI),
+                Settings.Global.getUriFor(NETWORK_METERED_MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE));
+        mResolver = mContext.getContentResolver();
+        mSettingObserver = new SettingObserver();
+        mBroadcastReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
+            @Override
+            public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+                reevaluateInternal();
+            }
+        };
+
+        ctx.getSystemService(TelephonyManager.class).registerTelephonyCallback(
+                new HandlerExecutor(handler), new ActiveDataSubscriptionIdListener());
+
+        updateAvoidBadWifi();
+        updateMeteredMultipathPreference();
+    }
+
+    public void start() {
+        for (Uri uri : mSettingsUris) {
+            mResolver.registerContentObserver(uri, false, mSettingObserver);
+        }
+
+        final IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
+        intentFilter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_CONFIGURATION_CHANGED);
+        mContext.registerReceiverForAllUsers(mBroadcastReceiver, intentFilter,
+                null /* broadcastPermission */, mHandler);
+
+        reevaluate();
+    }
+
+    public void shutdown() {
+        mResolver.unregisterContentObserver(mSettingObserver);
+
+        mContext.unregisterReceiver(mBroadcastReceiver);
+    }
+
+    public boolean getAvoidBadWifi() {
+        return mAvoidBadWifi;
+    }
+
+    // TODO: move this to MultipathPolicyTracker.
+    public int getMeteredMultipathPreference() {
+        return mMeteredMultipathPreference;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Whether the device or carrier configuration disables avoiding bad wifi by default.
+     */
+    public boolean configRestrictsAvoidBadWifi() {
+        final boolean allowBadWifi = mTestAllowBadWifiUntilMs > 0
+                && mTestAllowBadWifiUntilMs > System.currentTimeMillis();
+        // If the config returns true, then avoid bad wifi design can be controlled by the
+        // NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI setting.
+        if (allowBadWifi) return true;
+
+        // TODO: use R.integer.config_networkAvoidBadWifi directly
+        final int id = mResources.get().getIdentifier("config_networkAvoidBadWifi",
+                "integer", mResources.getResourcesContext().getPackageName());
+        return (getResourcesForActiveSubId().getInteger(id) == 0);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Temporarily allow bad wifi to override {@code config_networkAvoidBadWifi} configuration.
+     * The value works when the time set is more than {@link System.currentTimeMillis()}.
+     */
+    public void setTestAllowBadWifiUntil(long timeMs) {
+        Log.d(TAG, "setTestAllowBadWifiUntil: " + timeMs);
+        mTestAllowBadWifiUntilMs = timeMs;
+        reevaluateInternal();
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    @NonNull
+    protected Resources getResourcesForActiveSubId() {
+        return SubscriptionManager.getResourcesForSubId(
+                mResources.getResourcesContext(), mActiveSubId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Whether we should display a notification when wifi becomes unvalidated.
+     */
+    public boolean shouldNotifyWifiUnvalidated() {
+        return configRestrictsAvoidBadWifi() && getAvoidBadWifiSetting() == null;
+    }
+
+    public String getAvoidBadWifiSetting() {
+        return Settings.Global.getString(mResolver, NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI);
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public void reevaluate() {
+        mHandler.post(this::reevaluateInternal);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reevaluate the settings. Must be called on the handler thread.
+     */
+    private void reevaluateInternal() {
+        if (updateAvoidBadWifi() && mAvoidBadWifiCallback != null) {
+            mAvoidBadWifiCallback.run();
+        }
+        updateMeteredMultipathPreference();
+    }
+
+    public boolean updateAvoidBadWifi() {
+        final boolean settingAvoidBadWifi = "1".equals(getAvoidBadWifiSetting());
+        final boolean prev = mAvoidBadWifi;
+        mAvoidBadWifi = settingAvoidBadWifi || !configRestrictsAvoidBadWifi();
+        return mAvoidBadWifi != prev;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The default (device and carrier-dependent) value for metered multipath preference.
+     */
+    public int configMeteredMultipathPreference() {
+        // TODO: use R.integer.config_networkMeteredMultipathPreference directly
+        final int id = mResources.get().getIdentifier("config_networkMeteredMultipathPreference",
+                "integer", mResources.getResourcesContext().getPackageName());
+        return mResources.get().getInteger(id);
+    }
+
+    public void updateMeteredMultipathPreference() {
+        String setting = Settings.Global.getString(mResolver, NETWORK_METERED_MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE);
+        try {
+            mMeteredMultipathPreference = Integer.parseInt(setting);
+        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+            mMeteredMultipathPreference = configMeteredMultipathPreference();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class SettingObserver extends ContentObserver {
+        public SettingObserver() {
+            super(null);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onChange(boolean selfChange) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "Should never be reached.");
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onChange(boolean selfChange, Uri uri) {
+            if (!mSettingsUris.contains(uri)) {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "Unexpected settings observation: " + uri);
+            }
+            reevaluate();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/nearby/OWNERS b/nearby/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..980c221
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nearby/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+chunzhang@google.com
+weiwa@google.com
+weiwu@google.com
+xlythe@google.com
diff --git a/nearby/framework/Android.bp b/nearby/framework/Android.bp
index ec854df..e223b54 100644
--- a/nearby/framework/Android.bp
+++ b/nearby/framework/Android.bp
@@ -51,5 +51,5 @@
     static_libs: [
         "modules-utils-preconditions",
     ],
-    visibility: ["//packages/modules/Nearby/tests:__subpackages__"],
+    visibility: ["//packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/tests:__subpackages__"],
 }
diff --git a/netd/Android.bp b/netd/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ac02d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/netd/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+cc_library {
+    name: "libnetd_updatable",
+    version_script: "libnetd_updatable.map.txt",
+    stubs: {
+        versions: [
+            "1",
+        ],
+        symbol_file: "libnetd_updatable.map.txt",
+    },
+    defaults: ["netd_defaults"],
+    header_libs: [
+        "bpf_connectivity_headers",
+        "libcutils_headers",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "BpfHandler.cpp",
+        "NetdUpdatable.cpp",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "liblog",
+        "libnetdutils",
+    ],
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+    header_abi_checker: {
+        enabled: true,
+        symbol_file: "libnetd_updatable.map.txt",
+    },
+    sanitize: {
+        cfi: true,
+    },
+    apex_available: ["com.android.tethering"],
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "netd_updatable_unit_test",
+    defaults: ["netd_defaults"],
+    test_suites: ["general-tests"],
+    require_root: true,  // required by setrlimitForTest()
+    header_libs: [
+        "bpf_connectivity_headers",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "BpfHandlerTest.cpp",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libnetd_updatable",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libcutils",
+        "liblog",
+        "libnetdutils",
+    ],
+    multilib: {
+        lib32: {
+            suffix: "32",
+        },
+        lib64: {
+            suffix: "64",
+        },
+    },
+}
diff --git a/netd/BpfHandler.cpp b/netd/BpfHandler.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3dfb57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/netd/BpfHandler.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2022, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "BpfHandler"
+
+#include "BpfHandler.h"
+
+#include <linux/bpf.h>
+
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+#include <bpf/WaitForProgsLoaded.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <netdutils/UidConstants.h>
+#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
+
+#include "BpfSyscallWrappers.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace net {
+
+using base::unique_fd;
+using bpf::NONEXISTENT_COOKIE;
+using bpf::getSocketCookie;
+using bpf::retrieveProgram;
+using netdutils::Status;
+using netdutils::statusFromErrno;
+
+constexpr int PER_UID_STATS_ENTRIES_LIMIT = 500;
+// At most 90% of the stats map may be used by tagged traffic entries. This ensures
+// that 10% of the map is always available to count untagged traffic, one entry per UID.
+// Otherwise, apps would be able to avoid data usage accounting entirely by filling up the
+// map with tagged traffic entries.
+constexpr int TOTAL_UID_STATS_ENTRIES_LIMIT = STATS_MAP_SIZE * 0.9;
+
+static_assert(STATS_MAP_SIZE - TOTAL_UID_STATS_ENTRIES_LIMIT > 100,
+              "The limit for stats map is to high, stats data may be lost due to overflow");
+
+static Status attachProgramToCgroup(const char* programPath, const unique_fd& cgroupFd,
+                                    bpf_attach_type type) {
+    unique_fd cgroupProg(retrieveProgram(programPath));
+    if (cgroupProg == -1) {
+        int ret = errno;
+        ALOGE("Failed to get program from %s: %s", programPath, strerror(ret));
+        return statusFromErrno(ret, "cgroup program get failed");
+    }
+    if (android::bpf::attachProgram(type, cgroupProg, cgroupFd)) {
+        int ret = errno;
+        ALOGE("Program from %s attach failed: %s", programPath, strerror(ret));
+        return statusFromErrno(ret, "program attach failed");
+    }
+    return netdutils::status::ok;
+}
+
+static Status initPrograms(const char* cg2_path) {
+    unique_fd cg_fd(open(cg2_path, O_DIRECTORY | O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC));
+    if (cg_fd == -1) {
+        int ret = errno;
+        ALOGE("Failed to open the cgroup directory: %s", strerror(ret));
+        return statusFromErrno(ret, "Open the cgroup directory failed");
+    }
+    RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(BPF_EGRESS_PROG_PATH, cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET_EGRESS));
+    RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(BPF_INGRESS_PROG_PATH, cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET_INGRESS));
+
+    // For the devices that support cgroup socket filter, the socket filter
+    // should be loaded successfully by bpfloader. So we attach the filter to
+    // cgroup if the program is pinned properly.
+    // TODO: delete the if statement once all devices should support cgroup
+    // socket filter (ie. the minimum kernel version required is 4.14).
+    if (!access(CGROUP_SOCKET_PROG_PATH, F_OK)) {
+        RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(
+                attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_SOCKET_PROG_PATH, cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET_SOCK_CREATE));
+    }
+    return netdutils::status::ok;
+}
+
+BpfHandler::BpfHandler()
+    : mPerUidStatsEntriesLimit(PER_UID_STATS_ENTRIES_LIMIT),
+      mTotalUidStatsEntriesLimit(TOTAL_UID_STATS_ENTRIES_LIMIT) {}
+
+BpfHandler::BpfHandler(uint32_t perUidLimit, uint32_t totalLimit)
+    : mPerUidStatsEntriesLimit(perUidLimit), mTotalUidStatsEntriesLimit(totalLimit) {}
+
+Status BpfHandler::init(const char* cg2_path) {
+    // Make sure BPF programs are loaded before doing anything
+    android::bpf::waitForProgsLoaded();
+    ALOGI("BPF programs are loaded");
+
+    RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(initPrograms(cg2_path));
+    RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(initMaps());
+
+    return netdutils::status::ok;
+}
+
+Status BpfHandler::initMaps() {
+    std::lock_guard guard(mMutex);
+    RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(mCookieTagMap.init(COOKIE_TAG_MAP_PATH));
+    RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(mStatsMapA.init(STATS_MAP_A_PATH));
+    RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(mStatsMapB.init(STATS_MAP_B_PATH));
+    RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(mConfigurationMap.init(CONFIGURATION_MAP_PATH));
+    RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(mConfigurationMap.writeValue(CURRENT_STATS_MAP_CONFIGURATION_KEY, SELECT_MAP_A,
+                                                  BPF_ANY));
+    RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(mUidPermissionMap.init(UID_PERMISSION_MAP_PATH));
+
+    return netdutils::status::ok;
+}
+
+bool BpfHandler::hasUpdateDeviceStatsPermission(uid_t uid) {
+    // This implementation is the same logic as method ActivityManager#checkComponentPermission.
+    // It implies that the real uid can never be the same as PER_USER_RANGE.
+    uint32_t appId = uid % PER_USER_RANGE;
+    auto permission = mUidPermissionMap.readValue(appId);
+    if (permission.ok() && (permission.value() & BPF_PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS)) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    return ((appId == AID_ROOT) || (appId == AID_SYSTEM) || (appId == AID_DNS));
+}
+
+int BpfHandler::tagSocket(int sockFd, uint32_t tag, uid_t chargeUid, uid_t realUid) {
+    std::lock_guard guard(mMutex);
+    if (chargeUid != realUid && !hasUpdateDeviceStatsPermission(realUid)) {
+        return -EPERM;
+    }
+
+    // Note that tagging the socket to AID_CLAT is only implemented in JNI ClatCoordinator.
+    // The process is not allowed to tag socket to AID_CLAT via tagSocket() which would cause
+    // process data usage accounting to be bypassed. Tagging AID_CLAT is used for avoiding counting
+    // CLAT traffic data usage twice. See packages/modules/Connectivity/service/jni/
+    // com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator.cpp
+    if (chargeUid == AID_CLAT) {
+        return -EPERM;
+    }
+
+    // The socket destroy listener only monitors on the group {INET_TCP, INET_UDP, INET6_TCP,
+    // INET6_UDP}. Tagging listener unsupported socket causes that the tag can't be removed from
+    // tag map automatically. Eventually, the tag map may run out of space because of dead tag
+    // entries. Note that although tagSocket() of net client has already denied the family which
+    // is neither AF_INET nor AF_INET6, the family validation is still added here just in case.
+    // See tagSocket in system/netd/client/NetdClient.cpp and
+    // TrafficController::makeSkDestroyListener in
+    // packages/modules/Connectivity/service/native/TrafficController.cpp
+    // TODO: remove this once the socket destroy listener can detect more types of socket destroy.
+    int socketFamily;
+    socklen_t familyLen = sizeof(socketFamily);
+    if (getsockopt(sockFd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DOMAIN, &socketFamily, &familyLen)) {
+        ALOGE("Failed to getsockopt SO_DOMAIN: %s, fd: %d", strerror(errno), sockFd);
+        return -errno;
+    }
+    if (socketFamily != AF_INET && socketFamily != AF_INET6) {
+        ALOGE("Unsupported family: %d", socketFamily);
+        return -EAFNOSUPPORT;
+    }
+
+    int socketProto;
+    socklen_t protoLen = sizeof(socketProto);
+    if (getsockopt(sockFd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PROTOCOL, &socketProto, &protoLen)) {
+        ALOGE("Failed to getsockopt SO_PROTOCOL: %s, fd: %d", strerror(errno), sockFd);
+        return -errno;
+    }
+    if (socketProto != IPPROTO_UDP && socketProto != IPPROTO_TCP) {
+        ALOGE("Unsupported protocol: %d", socketProto);
+        return -EPROTONOSUPPORT;
+    }
+
+    uint64_t sock_cookie = getSocketCookie(sockFd);
+    if (sock_cookie == NONEXISTENT_COOKIE) return -errno;
+    UidTagValue newKey = {.uid = (uint32_t)chargeUid, .tag = tag};
+
+    uint32_t totalEntryCount = 0;
+    uint32_t perUidEntryCount = 0;
+    // Now we go through the stats map and count how many entries are associated
+    // with chargeUid. If the uid entry hit the limit for each chargeUid, we block
+    // the request to prevent the map from overflow. It is safe here to iterate
+    // over the map since when mMutex is hold, system server cannot toggle
+    // the live stats map and clean it. So nobody can delete entries from the map.
+    const auto countUidStatsEntries = [chargeUid, &totalEntryCount, &perUidEntryCount](
+                                              const StatsKey& key,
+                                              const BpfMap<StatsKey, StatsValue>&) {
+        if (key.uid == chargeUid) {
+            perUidEntryCount++;
+        }
+        totalEntryCount++;
+        return base::Result<void>();
+    };
+    auto configuration = mConfigurationMap.readValue(CURRENT_STATS_MAP_CONFIGURATION_KEY);
+    if (!configuration.ok()) {
+        ALOGE("Failed to get current configuration: %s, fd: %d",
+              strerror(configuration.error().code()), mConfigurationMap.getMap().get());
+        return -configuration.error().code();
+    }
+    if (configuration.value() != SELECT_MAP_A && configuration.value() != SELECT_MAP_B) {
+        ALOGE("unknown configuration value: %d", configuration.value());
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+
+    BpfMap<StatsKey, StatsValue>& currentMap =
+            (configuration.value() == SELECT_MAP_A) ? mStatsMapA : mStatsMapB;
+    base::Result<void> res = currentMap.iterate(countUidStatsEntries);
+    if (!res.ok()) {
+        ALOGE("Failed to count the stats entry in map %d: %s", currentMap.getMap().get(),
+              strerror(res.error().code()));
+        return -res.error().code();
+    }
+
+    if (totalEntryCount > mTotalUidStatsEntriesLimit ||
+        perUidEntryCount > mPerUidStatsEntriesLimit) {
+        ALOGE("Too many stats entries in the map, total count: %u, chargeUid(%u) count: %u,"
+              " blocking tag request to prevent map overflow",
+              totalEntryCount, chargeUid, perUidEntryCount);
+        return -EMFILE;
+    }
+    // Update the tag information of a socket to the cookieUidMap. Use BPF_ANY
+    // flag so it will insert a new entry to the map if that value doesn't exist
+    // yet. And update the tag if there is already a tag stored. Since the eBPF
+    // program in kernel only read this map, and is protected by rcu read lock. It
+    // should be fine to cocurrently update the map while eBPF program is running.
+    res = mCookieTagMap.writeValue(sock_cookie, newKey, BPF_ANY);
+    if (!res.ok()) {
+        ALOGE("Failed to tag the socket: %s, fd: %d", strerror(res.error().code()),
+              mCookieTagMap.getMap().get());
+        return -res.error().code();
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int BpfHandler::untagSocket(int sockFd) {
+    std::lock_guard guard(mMutex);
+    uint64_t sock_cookie = getSocketCookie(sockFd);
+
+    if (sock_cookie == NONEXISTENT_COOKIE) return -errno;
+    base::Result<void> res = mCookieTagMap.deleteValue(sock_cookie);
+    if (!res.ok()) {
+        ALOGE("Failed to untag socket: %s\n", strerror(res.error().code()));
+        return -res.error().code();
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+}  // namespace net
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/netd/BpfHandler.h b/netd/BpfHandler.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ede1c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/netd/BpfHandler.h
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2022, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <mutex>
+
+#include <netdutils/Status.h>
+#include "bpf/BpfMap.h"
+#include "bpf_shared.h"
+
+using android::bpf::BpfMap;
+
+namespace android {
+namespace net {
+
+class BpfHandler {
+  public:
+    BpfHandler();
+    BpfHandler(const BpfHandler&) = delete;
+    BpfHandler& operator=(const BpfHandler&) = delete;
+    netdutils::Status init(const char* cg2_path);
+    /*
+     * Tag the socket with the specified tag and uid. In the qtaguid module, the
+     * first tag request that grab the spinlock of rb_tree can update the tag
+     * information first and other request need to wait until it finish. All the
+     * tag request will be addressed in the order of they obtaining the spinlock.
+     * In the eBPF implementation, the kernel will try to update the eBPF map
+     * entry with the tag request. And the hashmap update process is protected by
+     * the spinlock initialized with the map. So the behavior of two modules
+     * should be the same. No additional lock needed.
+     */
+    int tagSocket(int sockFd, uint32_t tag, uid_t chargeUid, uid_t realUid);
+
+    /*
+     * The untag process is similar to tag socket and both old qtaguid module and
+     * new eBPF module have spinlock inside the kernel for concurrent update. No
+     * external lock is required.
+     */
+    int untagSocket(int sockFd);
+
+  private:
+    // For testing
+    BpfHandler(uint32_t perUidLimit, uint32_t totalLimit);
+
+    netdutils::Status initMaps();
+    bool hasUpdateDeviceStatsPermission(uid_t uid);
+
+    BpfMap<uint64_t, UidTagValue> mCookieTagMap;
+    BpfMap<StatsKey, StatsValue> mStatsMapA;
+    BpfMap<StatsKey, StatsValue> mStatsMapB;
+    BpfMap<uint32_t, uint8_t> mConfigurationMap;
+    BpfMap<uint32_t, uint8_t> mUidPermissionMap;
+
+    std::mutex mMutex;
+
+    // The limit on the number of stats entries a uid can have in the per uid stats map. BpfHandler
+    // will block that specific uid from tagging new sockets after the limit is reached.
+    const uint32_t mPerUidStatsEntriesLimit;
+
+    // The limit on the total number of stats entries in the per uid stats map. BpfHandler will
+    // block all tagging requests after the limit is reached.
+    const uint32_t mTotalUidStatsEntriesLimit;
+
+    // For testing
+    friend class BpfHandlerTest;
+};
+
+}  // namespace net
+}  // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/netd/BpfHandlerTest.cpp b/netd/BpfHandlerTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd6b565
--- /dev/null
+++ b/netd/BpfHandlerTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ * BpfHandlerTest.cpp - unit tests for BpfHandler.cpp
+ */
+
+#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "BpfHandler.h"
+
+using namespace android::bpf;  // NOLINT(google-build-using-namespace): exempted
+
+namespace android {
+namespace net {
+
+using base::Result;
+
+constexpr int TEST_MAP_SIZE = 10;
+constexpr int TEST_COOKIE = 1;
+constexpr uid_t TEST_UID = 10086;
+constexpr uid_t TEST_UID2 = 54321;
+constexpr uint32_t TEST_TAG = 42;
+constexpr uint32_t TEST_COUNTERSET = 1;
+constexpr uint32_t TEST_PER_UID_STATS_ENTRIES_LIMIT = 3;
+constexpr uint32_t TEST_TOTAL_UID_STATS_ENTRIES_LIMIT = 7;
+
+#define ASSERT_VALID(x) ASSERT_TRUE((x).isValid())
+
+class BpfHandlerTest : public ::testing::Test {
+  protected:
+    BpfHandlerTest()
+        : mBh(TEST_PER_UID_STATS_ENTRIES_LIMIT, TEST_TOTAL_UID_STATS_ENTRIES_LIMIT) {}
+    BpfHandler mBh;
+    BpfMap<uint64_t, UidTagValue> mFakeCookieTagMap;
+    BpfMap<StatsKey, StatsValue> mFakeStatsMapA;
+    BpfMap<uint32_t, uint8_t> mFakeConfigurationMap;
+    BpfMap<uint32_t, uint8_t> mFakeUidPermissionMap;
+
+    void SetUp() {
+        std::lock_guard guard(mBh.mMutex);
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, setrlimitForTest());
+
+        mFakeCookieTagMap.reset(createMap(BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH, sizeof(uint64_t), sizeof(UidTagValue),
+                                          TEST_MAP_SIZE, 0));
+        ASSERT_VALID(mFakeCookieTagMap);
+
+        mFakeStatsMapA.reset(createMap(BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH, sizeof(StatsKey), sizeof(StatsValue),
+                                       TEST_MAP_SIZE, 0));
+        ASSERT_VALID(mFakeStatsMapA);
+
+        mFakeConfigurationMap.reset(
+                createMap(BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH, sizeof(uint32_t), sizeof(uint8_t), 1, 0));
+        ASSERT_VALID(mFakeConfigurationMap);
+
+        mFakeUidPermissionMap.reset(
+                createMap(BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH, sizeof(uint32_t), sizeof(uint8_t), TEST_MAP_SIZE, 0));
+        ASSERT_VALID(mFakeUidPermissionMap);
+
+        mBh.mCookieTagMap.reset(dupFd(mFakeCookieTagMap.getMap()));
+        ASSERT_VALID(mBh.mCookieTagMap);
+        mBh.mStatsMapA.reset(dupFd(mFakeStatsMapA.getMap()));
+        ASSERT_VALID(mBh.mStatsMapA);
+        mBh.mConfigurationMap.reset(dupFd(mFakeConfigurationMap.getMap()));
+        ASSERT_VALID(mBh.mConfigurationMap);
+        // Always write to stats map A by default.
+        ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mBh.mConfigurationMap.writeValue(CURRENT_STATS_MAP_CONFIGURATION_KEY,
+                                                          SELECT_MAP_A, BPF_ANY));
+        mBh.mUidPermissionMap.reset(dupFd(mFakeUidPermissionMap.getMap()));
+        ASSERT_VALID(mBh.mUidPermissionMap);
+    }
+
+    int dupFd(const android::base::unique_fd& mapFd) {
+        return fcntl(mapFd.get(), F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 0);
+    }
+
+    int setUpSocketAndTag(int protocol, uint64_t* cookie, uint32_t tag, uid_t uid,
+                          uid_t realUid) {
+        int sock = socket(protocol, SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0);
+        EXPECT_LE(0, sock);
+        *cookie = getSocketCookie(sock);
+        EXPECT_NE(NONEXISTENT_COOKIE, *cookie);
+        EXPECT_EQ(0, mBh.tagSocket(sock, tag, uid, realUid));
+        return sock;
+    }
+
+    void expectUidTag(uint64_t cookie, uid_t uid, uint32_t tag) {
+        Result<UidTagValue> tagResult = mFakeCookieTagMap.readValue(cookie);
+        ASSERT_RESULT_OK(tagResult);
+        EXPECT_EQ(uid, tagResult.value().uid);
+        EXPECT_EQ(tag, tagResult.value().tag);
+    }
+
+    void expectNoTag(uint64_t cookie) { EXPECT_FALSE(mFakeCookieTagMap.readValue(cookie).ok()); }
+
+    void populateFakeStats(uint64_t cookie, uint32_t uid, uint32_t tag, StatsKey* key) {
+        UidTagValue cookieMapkey = {.uid = (uint32_t)uid, .tag = tag};
+        EXPECT_RESULT_OK(mFakeCookieTagMap.writeValue(cookie, cookieMapkey, BPF_ANY));
+        *key = {.uid = uid, .tag = tag, .counterSet = TEST_COUNTERSET, .ifaceIndex = 1};
+        StatsValue statsMapValue = {.rxPackets = 1, .rxBytes = 100};
+        EXPECT_RESULT_OK(mFakeStatsMapA.writeValue(*key, statsMapValue, BPF_ANY));
+        key->tag = 0;
+        EXPECT_RESULT_OK(mFakeStatsMapA.writeValue(*key, statsMapValue, BPF_ANY));
+        // put tag information back to statsKey
+        key->tag = tag;
+    }
+
+    template <class Key, class Value>
+    void expectMapEmpty(BpfMap<Key, Value>& map) {
+        auto isEmpty = map.isEmpty();
+        EXPECT_RESULT_OK(isEmpty);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(isEmpty.value());
+    }
+
+    void expectTagSocketReachLimit(uint32_t tag, uint32_t uid) {
+        int sock = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0);
+        EXPECT_LE(0, sock);
+        if (sock < 0) return;
+        uint64_t sockCookie = getSocketCookie(sock);
+        EXPECT_NE(NONEXISTENT_COOKIE, sockCookie);
+        EXPECT_EQ(-EMFILE, mBh.tagSocket(sock, tag, uid, uid));
+        expectNoTag(sockCookie);
+
+        // Delete stats entries then tag socket success
+        StatsKey key = {.uid = uid, .tag = 0, .counterSet = TEST_COUNTERSET, .ifaceIndex = 1};
+        ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mFakeStatsMapA.deleteValue(key));
+        EXPECT_EQ(0, mBh.tagSocket(sock, tag, uid, uid));
+        expectUidTag(sockCookie, uid, tag);
+    }
+};
+
+TEST_F(BpfHandlerTest, TestTagSocketV4) {
+    uint64_t sockCookie;
+    int v4socket = setUpSocketAndTag(AF_INET, &sockCookie, TEST_TAG, TEST_UID, TEST_UID);
+    expectUidTag(sockCookie, TEST_UID, TEST_TAG);
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, mBh.untagSocket(v4socket));
+    expectNoTag(sockCookie);
+    expectMapEmpty(mFakeCookieTagMap);
+}
+
+TEST_F(BpfHandlerTest, TestReTagSocket) {
+    uint64_t sockCookie;
+    int v4socket = setUpSocketAndTag(AF_INET, &sockCookie, TEST_TAG, TEST_UID, TEST_UID);
+    expectUidTag(sockCookie, TEST_UID, TEST_TAG);
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, mBh.tagSocket(v4socket, TEST_TAG + 1, TEST_UID + 1, TEST_UID + 1));
+    expectUidTag(sockCookie, TEST_UID + 1, TEST_TAG + 1);
+}
+
+TEST_F(BpfHandlerTest, TestTagTwoSockets) {
+    uint64_t sockCookie1;
+    uint64_t sockCookie2;
+    int v4socket1 = setUpSocketAndTag(AF_INET, &sockCookie1, TEST_TAG, TEST_UID, TEST_UID);
+    setUpSocketAndTag(AF_INET, &sockCookie2, TEST_TAG, TEST_UID, TEST_UID);
+    expectUidTag(sockCookie1, TEST_UID, TEST_TAG);
+    expectUidTag(sockCookie2, TEST_UID, TEST_TAG);
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, mBh.untagSocket(v4socket1));
+    expectNoTag(sockCookie1);
+    expectUidTag(sockCookie2, TEST_UID, TEST_TAG);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(mFakeCookieTagMap.getNextKey(sockCookie2).ok());
+}
+
+TEST_F(BpfHandlerTest, TestTagSocketV6) {
+    uint64_t sockCookie;
+    int v6socket = setUpSocketAndTag(AF_INET6, &sockCookie, TEST_TAG, TEST_UID, TEST_UID);
+    expectUidTag(sockCookie, TEST_UID, TEST_TAG);
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, mBh.untagSocket(v6socket));
+    expectNoTag(sockCookie);
+    expectMapEmpty(mFakeCookieTagMap);
+}
+
+TEST_F(BpfHandlerTest, TestTagInvalidSocket) {
+    int invalidSocket = -1;
+    ASSERT_GT(0, mBh.tagSocket(invalidSocket, TEST_TAG, TEST_UID, TEST_UID));
+    expectMapEmpty(mFakeCookieTagMap);
+}
+
+TEST_F(BpfHandlerTest, TestTagSocketWithUnsupportedFamily) {
+    int packetSocket = socket(AF_PACKET, SOCK_DGRAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0);
+    EXPECT_LE(0, packetSocket);
+    EXPECT_NE(NONEXISTENT_COOKIE, getSocketCookie(packetSocket));
+    EXPECT_EQ(-EAFNOSUPPORT, mBh.tagSocket(packetSocket, TEST_TAG, TEST_UID, TEST_UID));
+}
+
+TEST_F(BpfHandlerTest, TestTagSocketWithUnsupportedProtocol) {
+    int rawSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW | SOCK_CLOEXEC, IPPROTO_RAW);
+    EXPECT_LE(0, rawSocket);
+    EXPECT_NE(NONEXISTENT_COOKIE, getSocketCookie(rawSocket));
+    EXPECT_EQ(-EPROTONOSUPPORT, mBh.tagSocket(rawSocket, TEST_TAG, TEST_UID, TEST_UID));
+}
+
+TEST_F(BpfHandlerTest, TestTagSocketWithoutPermission) {
+    int sock = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0);
+    ASSERT_NE(-1, sock);
+    ASSERT_EQ(-EPERM, mBh.tagSocket(sock, TEST_TAG, TEST_UID, TEST_UID2));
+    expectMapEmpty(mFakeCookieTagMap);
+}
+
+TEST_F(BpfHandlerTest, TestTagSocketWithPermission) {
+    // Grant permission to real uid. In practice, the uid permission map will be updated by
+    // TrafficController::setPermissionForUids().
+    uid_t realUid = TEST_UID2;
+    ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mFakeUidPermissionMap.writeValue(realUid,
+                     BPF_PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS, BPF_ANY));
+
+    // Tag a socket to a different uid other then realUid.
+    uint64_t sockCookie;
+    int v6socket = setUpSocketAndTag(AF_INET6, &sockCookie, TEST_TAG, TEST_UID, realUid);
+    expectUidTag(sockCookie, TEST_UID, TEST_TAG);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, mBh.untagSocket(v6socket));
+    expectNoTag(sockCookie);
+    expectMapEmpty(mFakeCookieTagMap);
+
+    // Tag a socket to AID_CLAT other then realUid.
+    int sock = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0);
+    ASSERT_NE(-1, sock);
+    ASSERT_EQ(-EPERM, mBh.tagSocket(sock, TEST_TAG, AID_CLAT, realUid));
+    expectMapEmpty(mFakeCookieTagMap);
+}
+
+TEST_F(BpfHandlerTest, TestUntagInvalidSocket) {
+    int invalidSocket = -1;
+    ASSERT_GT(0, mBh.untagSocket(invalidSocket));
+    int v4socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0);
+    ASSERT_GT(0, mBh.untagSocket(v4socket));
+    expectMapEmpty(mFakeCookieTagMap);
+}
+
+TEST_F(BpfHandlerTest, TestTagSocketReachLimitFail) {
+    uid_t uid = TEST_UID;
+    StatsKey tagStatsMapKey[3];
+    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+        uint64_t cookie = TEST_COOKIE + i;
+        uint32_t tag = TEST_TAG + i;
+        populateFakeStats(cookie, uid, tag, &tagStatsMapKey[i]);
+    }
+    expectTagSocketReachLimit(TEST_TAG, TEST_UID);
+}
+
+TEST_F(BpfHandlerTest, TestTagSocketReachTotalLimitFail) {
+    StatsKey tagStatsMapKey[4];
+    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+        uint64_t cookie = TEST_COOKIE + i;
+        uint32_t tag = TEST_TAG + i;
+        uid_t uid = TEST_UID + i;
+        populateFakeStats(cookie, uid, tag, &tagStatsMapKey[i]);
+    }
+    expectTagSocketReachLimit(TEST_TAG, TEST_UID);
+}
+
+}  // namespace net
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/netd/NetdUpdatable.cpp b/netd/NetdUpdatable.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f0997fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/netd/NetdUpdatable.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "NetdUpdatable"
+
+#include "NetdUpdatable.h"
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <netdutils/Status.h>
+
+#include "NetdUpdatablePublic.h"
+
+int libnetd_updatable_init(const char* cg2_path) {
+    android::base::InitLogging(/*argv=*/nullptr);
+    LOG(INFO) << __func__ << ": Initializing";
+
+    android::net::gNetdUpdatable = android::net::NetdUpdatable::getInstance();
+    android::netdutils::Status ret = android::net::gNetdUpdatable->mBpfHandler.init(cg2_path);
+    if (!android::netdutils::isOk(ret)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": BPF handler init failed";
+        return -ret.code();
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int libnetd_updatable_tagSocket(int sockFd, uint32_t tag, uid_t chargeUid, uid_t realUid) {
+    if (android::net::gNetdUpdatable == nullptr) return -EPERM;
+    return android::net::gNetdUpdatable->mBpfHandler.tagSocket(sockFd, tag, chargeUid, realUid);
+}
+
+int libnetd_updatable_untagSocket(int sockFd) {
+    if (android::net::gNetdUpdatable == nullptr) return -EPERM;
+    return android::net::gNetdUpdatable->mBpfHandler.untagSocket(sockFd);
+}
+
+namespace android {
+namespace net {
+
+NetdUpdatable* gNetdUpdatable = nullptr;
+
+NetdUpdatable* NetdUpdatable::getInstance() {
+    // Instantiated on first use.
+    static NetdUpdatable instance;
+    return &instance;
+}
+
+}  // namespace net
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/netd/NetdUpdatable.h b/netd/NetdUpdatable.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..333037f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/netd/NetdUpdatable.h
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2022, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "BpfHandler.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace net {
+
+class NetdUpdatable {
+  public:
+    NetdUpdatable() = default;
+    NetdUpdatable(const NetdUpdatable&) = delete;
+    NetdUpdatable& operator=(const NetdUpdatable&) = delete;
+    static NetdUpdatable* getInstance();
+
+    BpfHandler mBpfHandler;
+};
+
+extern NetdUpdatable* gNetdUpdatable;
+
+}  // namespace net
+}  // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/netd/include/NetdUpdatablePublic.h b/netd/include/NetdUpdatablePublic.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ca5ea2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/netd/include/NetdUpdatablePublic.h
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <sys/cdefs.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+__BEGIN_DECLS
+
+/*
+ * Initial function for libnetd_updatable library.
+ *
+ * The function uses |cg2_path| as cgroup v2 mount location to attach BPF programs so that the
+ * kernel can record packet number, size, etc. in BPF maps when packets pass through, and let user
+ * space retrieve statistics.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 on success, or a negative POSIX error code (see errno.h) on
+ * failure.
+ */
+int libnetd_updatable_init(const char* cg2_path);
+
+/*
+ * Set the socket tag and owning UID for traffic statistics on the specified socket. Permission
+ * check is performed based on the |realUid| before socket tagging.
+ *
+ * The |sockFd| is a file descriptor of the socket that needs to tag. The |tag| is the mark to tag.
+ * It can be an arbitrary value in uint32_t range. The |chargeUid| is owning uid which will be
+ * tagged along with the |tag|. The |realUid| is an effective uid of the calling process, which is
+ * used for permission check before socket tagging.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 on success, or a negative POSIX error code (see errno.h) on failure.
+ */
+int libnetd_updatable_tagSocket(int sockFd, uint32_t tag, uid_t chargeUid,
+                                                       uid_t realUid);
+
+/*
+ * Untag a network socket. Future traffic on this socket will no longer be associated with any
+ * previously configured tag and uid.
+ *
+ * The |sockFd| is a file descriptor of the socket that wants to untag.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 on success, or a negative POSIX error code (see errno.h) on failure.
+ */
+int libnetd_updatable_untagSocket(int sockFd);
+
+__END_DECLS
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/netd/libnetd_updatable.map.txt b/netd/libnetd_updatable.map.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dcb11a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/netd/libnetd_updatable.map.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+
+# This lists the entry points visible to applications that use the libnetd_updatable
+# library. Other entry points present in the library won't be usable.
+
+LIBNETD_UPDATABLE {
+  global:
+    libnetd_updatable_init; # apex
+    libnetd_updatable_tagSocket; # apex
+    libnetd_updatable_untagSocket; # apex
+  local:
+    *;
+};
diff --git a/service-t/Android.bp b/service-t/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8851554
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+// This builds T+ services depending on framework-connectivity-t
+// hidden symbols separately from the S+ services, to ensure that S+
+// services cannot accidentally depend on T+ hidden symbols from
+// framework-connectivity-t.
+java_library {
+    name: "service-connectivity-tiramisu-pre-jarjar",
+    sdk_version: "system_server_current",
+    // TODO(b/210962470): Bump this to at least S, and then T.
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+    srcs: [
+        "src/**/*.java",
+        ":ethernet-service-updatable-sources",
+        ":services.connectivity-tiramisu-updatable-sources",
+    ],
+    libs: [
+        "framework-annotations-lib",
+        "framework-connectivity-pre-jarjar",
+        "framework-connectivity-t-pre-jarjar",
+        "framework-tethering.stubs.module_lib",
+        "service-connectivity-pre-jarjar",
+        "service-nearby-pre-jarjar",
+        "ServiceConnectivityResources",
+        "unsupportedappusage",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        // Do not add static_libs here if they are already included in framework-connectivity
+        // or in service-connectivity. They are not necessary (included via
+        // service-connectivity-pre-jarjar), and in the case of code that is already in
+        // framework-connectivity, the classes would be included in the apex twice.
+        "modules-utils-statemachine",
+    ],
+    apex_available: [
+        "com.android.tethering",
+    ],
+    visibility: [
+        "//frameworks/base/tests/vcn",
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/service",
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/tests:__subpackages__",
+        "//packages/modules/IPsec/tests/iketests",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/Android.bp b/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf56fd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+cc_library {
+    name: "libnetworkstats",
+    vendor_available: false,
+    host_supported: false,
+    header_libs: ["bpf_connectivity_headers"],
+    srcs: [
+        "BpfNetworkStats.cpp"
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "liblog",
+    ],
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wno-unused-parameter",
+        "-Wthread-safety",
+    ],
+    sanitize: {
+        cfi: true,
+    },
+    apex_available: [
+        "com.android.tethering",
+    ],
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "libnetworkstats_test",
+    test_suites: ["general-tests"],
+    require_root: true,  // required by setrlimitForTest()
+    header_libs: ["bpf_connectivity_headers"],
+    srcs: [
+        "BpfNetworkStatsTest.cpp",
+    ],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wno-unused-parameter",
+        "-Wthread-safety",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libgmock",
+        "libnetworkstats",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "liblog",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/BpfNetworkStats.cpp b/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/BpfNetworkStats.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d605ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/BpfNetworkStats.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <net/if.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unordered_set>
+
+#include <utils/Log.h>
+#include <utils/misc.h>
+
+#include "android-base/file.h"
+#include "android-base/strings.h"
+#include "android-base/unique_fd.h"
+#include "bpf/BpfMap.h"
+#include "bpf_shared.h"
+#include "netdbpf/BpfNetworkStats.h"
+
+#ifdef LOG_TAG
+#undef LOG_TAG
+#endif
+
+#define LOG_TAG "BpfNetworkStats"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace bpf {
+
+using base::Result;
+
+// The target map for stats reading should be the inactive map, which is opposite
+// from the config value.
+static constexpr char const* STATS_MAP_PATH[] = {STATS_MAP_B_PATH, STATS_MAP_A_PATH};
+
+int bpfGetUidStatsInternal(uid_t uid, Stats* stats,
+                           const BpfMap<uint32_t, StatsValue>& appUidStatsMap) {
+    auto statsEntry = appUidStatsMap.readValue(uid);
+    if (statsEntry.ok()) {
+        stats->rxPackets = statsEntry.value().rxPackets;
+        stats->txPackets = statsEntry.value().txPackets;
+        stats->rxBytes = statsEntry.value().rxBytes;
+        stats->txBytes = statsEntry.value().txBytes;
+    }
+    return (statsEntry.ok() || statsEntry.error().code() == ENOENT) ? 0
+                                                                    : -statsEntry.error().code();
+}
+
+int bpfGetUidStats(uid_t uid, Stats* stats) {
+    BpfMapRO<uint32_t, StatsValue> appUidStatsMap(APP_UID_STATS_MAP_PATH);
+
+    if (!appUidStatsMap.isValid()) {
+        int ret = -errno;
+        ALOGE("Opening appUidStatsMap(%s) failed: %s", APP_UID_STATS_MAP_PATH, strerror(errno));
+        return ret;
+    }
+    return bpfGetUidStatsInternal(uid, stats, appUidStatsMap);
+}
+
+int bpfGetIfaceStatsInternal(const char* iface, Stats* stats,
+                             const BpfMap<uint32_t, StatsValue>& ifaceStatsMap,
+                             const BpfMap<uint32_t, IfaceValue>& ifaceNameMap) {
+    int64_t unknownIfaceBytesTotal = 0;
+    stats->tcpRxPackets = -1;
+    stats->tcpTxPackets = -1;
+    const auto processIfaceStats =
+            [iface, stats, &ifaceNameMap, &unknownIfaceBytesTotal](
+                    const uint32_t& key,
+                    const BpfMap<uint32_t, StatsValue>& ifaceStatsMap) -> Result<void> {
+        char ifname[IFNAMSIZ];
+        if (getIfaceNameFromMap(ifaceNameMap, ifaceStatsMap, key, ifname, key,
+                                &unknownIfaceBytesTotal)) {
+            return Result<void>();
+        }
+        if (!iface || !strcmp(iface, ifname)) {
+            Result<StatsValue> statsEntry = ifaceStatsMap.readValue(key);
+            if (!statsEntry.ok()) {
+                return statsEntry.error();
+            }
+            stats->rxPackets += statsEntry.value().rxPackets;
+            stats->txPackets += statsEntry.value().txPackets;
+            stats->rxBytes += statsEntry.value().rxBytes;
+            stats->txBytes += statsEntry.value().txBytes;
+        }
+        return Result<void>();
+    };
+    auto res = ifaceStatsMap.iterate(processIfaceStats);
+    return res.ok() ? 0 : -res.error().code();
+}
+
+int bpfGetIfaceStats(const char* iface, Stats* stats) {
+    BpfMapRO<uint32_t, StatsValue> ifaceStatsMap(IFACE_STATS_MAP_PATH);
+    int ret;
+    if (!ifaceStatsMap.isValid()) {
+        ret = -errno;
+        ALOGE("get ifaceStats map fd failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+        return ret;
+    }
+    BpfMapRO<uint32_t, IfaceValue> ifaceIndexNameMap(IFACE_INDEX_NAME_MAP_PATH);
+    if (!ifaceIndexNameMap.isValid()) {
+        ret = -errno;
+        ALOGE("get ifaceIndexName map fd failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+        return ret;
+    }
+    return bpfGetIfaceStatsInternal(iface, stats, ifaceStatsMap, ifaceIndexNameMap);
+}
+
+stats_line populateStatsEntry(const StatsKey& statsKey, const StatsValue& statsEntry,
+                              const char* ifname) {
+    stats_line newLine;
+    strlcpy(newLine.iface, ifname, sizeof(newLine.iface));
+    newLine.uid = (int32_t)statsKey.uid;
+    newLine.set = (int32_t)statsKey.counterSet;
+    newLine.tag = (int32_t)statsKey.tag;
+    newLine.rxPackets = statsEntry.rxPackets;
+    newLine.txPackets = statsEntry.txPackets;
+    newLine.rxBytes = statsEntry.rxBytes;
+    newLine.txBytes = statsEntry.txBytes;
+    return newLine;
+}
+
+int parseBpfNetworkStatsDetailInternal(std::vector<stats_line>* lines,
+                                       const std::vector<std::string>& limitIfaces, int limitTag,
+                                       int limitUid, const BpfMap<StatsKey, StatsValue>& statsMap,
+                                       const BpfMap<uint32_t, IfaceValue>& ifaceMap) {
+    int64_t unknownIfaceBytesTotal = 0;
+    const auto processDetailUidStats =
+            [lines, &limitIfaces, &limitTag, &limitUid, &unknownIfaceBytesTotal, &ifaceMap](
+                    const StatsKey& key,
+                    const BpfMap<StatsKey, StatsValue>& statsMap) -> Result<void> {
+        char ifname[IFNAMSIZ];
+        if (getIfaceNameFromMap(ifaceMap, statsMap, key.ifaceIndex, ifname, key,
+                                &unknownIfaceBytesTotal)) {
+            return Result<void>();
+        }
+        std::string ifnameStr(ifname);
+        if (limitIfaces.size() > 0 &&
+            std::find(limitIfaces.begin(), limitIfaces.end(), ifnameStr) == limitIfaces.end()) {
+            // Nothing matched; skip this line.
+            return Result<void>();
+        }
+        if (limitTag != TAG_ALL && uint32_t(limitTag) != key.tag) {
+            return Result<void>();
+        }
+        if (limitUid != UID_ALL && uint32_t(limitUid) != key.uid) {
+            return Result<void>();
+        }
+        Result<StatsValue> statsEntry = statsMap.readValue(key);
+        if (!statsEntry.ok()) {
+            return base::ResultError(statsEntry.error().message(), statsEntry.error().code());
+        }
+        lines->push_back(populateStatsEntry(key, statsEntry.value(), ifname));
+        return Result<void>();
+    };
+    Result<void> res = statsMap.iterate(processDetailUidStats);
+    if (!res.ok()) {
+        ALOGE("failed to iterate per uid Stats map for detail traffic stats: %s",
+              strerror(res.error().code()));
+        return -res.error().code();
+    }
+
+    // Since eBPF use hash map to record stats, network stats collected from
+    // eBPF will be out of order. And the performance of findIndexHinted in
+    // NetworkStats will also be impacted.
+    //
+    // Furthermore, since the StatsKey contains iface index, the network stats
+    // reported to framework would create items with the same iface, uid, tag
+    // and set, which causes NetworkStats maps wrong item to subtract.
+    //
+    // Thus, the stats needs to be properly sorted and grouped before reported.
+    groupNetworkStats(lines);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int parseBpfNetworkStatsDetail(std::vector<stats_line>* lines,
+                               const std::vector<std::string>& limitIfaces, int limitTag,
+                               int limitUid) {
+    BpfMapRO<uint32_t, IfaceValue> ifaceIndexNameMap(IFACE_INDEX_NAME_MAP_PATH);
+    if (!ifaceIndexNameMap.isValid()) {
+        int ret = -errno;
+        ALOGE("get ifaceIndexName map fd failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    BpfMapRO<uint32_t, uint8_t> configurationMap(CONFIGURATION_MAP_PATH);
+    if (!configurationMap.isValid()) {
+        int ret = -errno;
+        ALOGE("get configuration map fd failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+        return ret;
+    }
+    auto configuration = configurationMap.readValue(CURRENT_STATS_MAP_CONFIGURATION_KEY);
+    if (!configuration.ok()) {
+        ALOGE("Cannot read the old configuration from map: %s",
+              configuration.error().message().c_str());
+        return -configuration.error().code();
+    }
+    const char* statsMapPath = STATS_MAP_PATH[configuration.value()];
+    BpfMap<StatsKey, StatsValue> statsMap(statsMapPath);
+    if (!statsMap.isValid()) {
+        int ret = -errno;
+        ALOGE("get stats map fd failed: %s, path: %s", strerror(errno), statsMapPath);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    // It is safe to read and clear the old map now since the
+    // networkStatsFactory should call netd to swap the map in advance already.
+    int ret = parseBpfNetworkStatsDetailInternal(lines, limitIfaces, limitTag, limitUid, statsMap,
+                                                 ifaceIndexNameMap);
+    if (ret) {
+        ALOGE("parse detail network stats failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    Result<void> res = statsMap.clear();
+    if (!res.ok()) {
+        ALOGE("Clean up current stats map failed: %s", strerror(res.error().code()));
+        return -res.error().code();
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int parseBpfNetworkStatsDevInternal(std::vector<stats_line>* lines,
+                                    const BpfMap<uint32_t, StatsValue>& statsMap,
+                                    const BpfMap<uint32_t, IfaceValue>& ifaceMap) {
+    int64_t unknownIfaceBytesTotal = 0;
+    const auto processDetailIfaceStats = [lines, &unknownIfaceBytesTotal, &ifaceMap, &statsMap](
+                                             const uint32_t& key, const StatsValue& value,
+                                             const BpfMap<uint32_t, StatsValue>&) {
+        char ifname[IFNAMSIZ];
+        if (getIfaceNameFromMap(ifaceMap, statsMap, key, ifname, key, &unknownIfaceBytesTotal)) {
+            return Result<void>();
+        }
+        StatsKey fakeKey = {
+                .uid = (uint32_t)UID_ALL,
+                .tag = (uint32_t)TAG_NONE,
+                .counterSet = (uint32_t)SET_ALL,
+        };
+        lines->push_back(populateStatsEntry(fakeKey, value, ifname));
+        return Result<void>();
+    };
+    Result<void> res = statsMap.iterateWithValue(processDetailIfaceStats);
+    if (!res.ok()) {
+        ALOGE("failed to iterate per uid Stats map for detail traffic stats: %s",
+              strerror(res.error().code()));
+        return -res.error().code();
+    }
+
+    groupNetworkStats(lines);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int parseBpfNetworkStatsDev(std::vector<stats_line>* lines) {
+    int ret = 0;
+    BpfMapRO<uint32_t, IfaceValue> ifaceIndexNameMap(IFACE_INDEX_NAME_MAP_PATH);
+    if (!ifaceIndexNameMap.isValid()) {
+        ret = -errno;
+        ALOGE("get ifaceIndexName map fd failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    BpfMapRO<uint32_t, StatsValue> ifaceStatsMap(IFACE_STATS_MAP_PATH);
+    if (!ifaceStatsMap.isValid()) {
+        ret = -errno;
+        ALOGE("get ifaceStats map fd failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+        return ret;
+    }
+    return parseBpfNetworkStatsDevInternal(lines, ifaceStatsMap, ifaceIndexNameMap);
+}
+
+uint64_t combineUidTag(const uid_t uid, const uint32_t tag) {
+    return (uint64_t)uid << 32 | tag;
+}
+
+void groupNetworkStats(std::vector<stats_line>* lines) {
+    if (lines->size() <= 1) return;
+    std::sort(lines->begin(), lines->end());
+
+    // Similar to std::unique(), but aggregates the duplicates rather than discarding them.
+    size_t nextOutput = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 1; i < lines->size(); i++) {
+        if (lines->at(nextOutput) == lines->at(i)) {
+            lines->at(nextOutput) += lines->at(i);
+        } else {
+            nextOutput++;
+            if (nextOutput != i) {
+                lines->at(nextOutput) = lines->at(i);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (lines->size() != nextOutput + 1) {
+        lines->resize(nextOutput + 1);
+    }
+}
+
+// True if lhs equals to rhs, only compare iface, uid, tag and set.
+bool operator==(const stats_line& lhs, const stats_line& rhs) {
+    return ((lhs.uid == rhs.uid) && (lhs.tag == rhs.tag) && (lhs.set == rhs.set) &&
+            !strncmp(lhs.iface, rhs.iface, sizeof(lhs.iface)));
+}
+
+// True if lhs is smaller than rhs, only compare iface, uid, tag and set.
+bool operator<(const stats_line& lhs, const stats_line& rhs) {
+    int ret = strncmp(lhs.iface, rhs.iface, sizeof(lhs.iface));
+    if (ret != 0) return ret < 0;
+    if (lhs.uid < rhs.uid) return true;
+    if (lhs.uid > rhs.uid) return false;
+    if (lhs.tag < rhs.tag) return true;
+    if (lhs.tag > rhs.tag) return false;
+    if (lhs.set < rhs.set) return true;
+    if (lhs.set > rhs.set) return false;
+    return false;
+}
+
+stats_line& stats_line::operator=(const stats_line& rhs) {
+    if (this == &rhs) return *this;
+
+    strlcpy(iface, rhs.iface, sizeof(iface));
+    uid = rhs.uid;
+    set = rhs.set;
+    tag = rhs.tag;
+    rxPackets = rhs.rxPackets;
+    txPackets = rhs.txPackets;
+    rxBytes = rhs.rxBytes;
+    txBytes = rhs.txBytes;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+stats_line& stats_line::operator+=(const stats_line& rhs) {
+    rxPackets += rhs.rxPackets;
+    txPackets += rhs.txPackets;
+    rxBytes += rhs.rxBytes;
+    txBytes += rhs.txBytes;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+}  // namespace bpf
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/BpfNetworkStatsTest.cpp b/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/BpfNetworkStatsTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4974b96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/BpfNetworkStatsTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,569 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <linux/inet_diag.h>
+#include <linux/sock_diag.h>
+#include <net/if.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <android-base/strings.h>
+
+#include "bpf/BpfMap.h"
+#include "bpf/BpfUtils.h"
+#include "netdbpf/BpfNetworkStats.h"
+
+using ::testing::Test;
+
+namespace android {
+namespace bpf {
+
+using base::Result;
+using base::unique_fd;
+
+constexpr int TEST_MAP_SIZE = 10;
+constexpr uid_t TEST_UID1 = 10086;
+constexpr uid_t TEST_UID2 = 12345;
+constexpr uint32_t TEST_TAG = 42;
+constexpr int TEST_COUNTERSET0 = 0;
+constexpr int TEST_COUNTERSET1 = 1;
+constexpr uint64_t TEST_BYTES0 = 1000;
+constexpr uint64_t TEST_BYTES1 = 2000;
+constexpr uint64_t TEST_PACKET0 = 100;
+constexpr uint64_t TEST_PACKET1 = 200;
+constexpr const char IFACE_NAME1[] = "lo";
+constexpr const char IFACE_NAME2[] = "wlan0";
+constexpr const char IFACE_NAME3[] = "rmnet_data0";
+// A iface name that the size is bigger than IFNAMSIZ
+constexpr const char LONG_IFACE_NAME[] = "wlanWithALongName";
+constexpr const char TRUNCATED_IFACE_NAME[] = "wlanWithALongNa";
+constexpr uint32_t IFACE_INDEX1 = 1;
+constexpr uint32_t IFACE_INDEX2 = 2;
+constexpr uint32_t IFACE_INDEX3 = 3;
+constexpr uint32_t IFACE_INDEX4 = 4;
+constexpr uint32_t UNKNOWN_IFACE = 0;
+
+class BpfNetworkStatsHelperTest : public testing::Test {
+  protected:
+    BpfNetworkStatsHelperTest() {}
+    BpfMap<uint64_t, UidTagValue> mFakeCookieTagMap;
+    BpfMap<uint32_t, StatsValue> mFakeAppUidStatsMap;
+    BpfMap<StatsKey, StatsValue> mFakeStatsMap;
+    BpfMap<uint32_t, IfaceValue> mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap;
+    BpfMap<uint32_t, StatsValue> mFakeIfaceStatsMap;
+
+    void SetUp() {
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, setrlimitForTest());
+
+        mFakeCookieTagMap = BpfMap<uint64_t, UidTagValue>(BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH, TEST_MAP_SIZE, 0);
+        ASSERT_LE(0, mFakeCookieTagMap.getMap());
+
+        mFakeAppUidStatsMap = BpfMap<uint32_t, StatsValue>(BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH, TEST_MAP_SIZE, 0);
+        ASSERT_LE(0, mFakeAppUidStatsMap.getMap());
+
+        mFakeStatsMap = BpfMap<StatsKey, StatsValue>(BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH, TEST_MAP_SIZE, 0);
+        ASSERT_LE(0, mFakeStatsMap.getMap());
+
+        mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap = BpfMap<uint32_t, IfaceValue>(BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH, TEST_MAP_SIZE, 0);
+        ASSERT_LE(0, mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap.getMap());
+
+        mFakeIfaceStatsMap = BpfMap<uint32_t, StatsValue>(BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH, TEST_MAP_SIZE, 0);
+        ASSERT_LE(0, mFakeIfaceStatsMap.getMap());
+    }
+
+    void expectUidTag(uint64_t cookie, uid_t uid, uint32_t tag) {
+        auto tagResult = mFakeCookieTagMap.readValue(cookie);
+        EXPECT_RESULT_OK(tagResult);
+        EXPECT_EQ(uid, tagResult.value().uid);
+        EXPECT_EQ(tag, tagResult.value().tag);
+    }
+
+    void populateFakeStats(uid_t uid, uint32_t tag, uint32_t ifaceIndex, uint32_t counterSet,
+                           StatsValue value, BpfMap<StatsKey, StatsValue>& map) {
+        StatsKey key = {
+            .uid = (uint32_t)uid, .tag = tag, .counterSet = counterSet, .ifaceIndex = ifaceIndex};
+        EXPECT_RESULT_OK(map.writeValue(key, value, BPF_ANY));
+    }
+
+    void updateIfaceMap(const char* ifaceName, uint32_t ifaceIndex) {
+        IfaceValue iface;
+        strlcpy(iface.name, ifaceName, IFNAMSIZ);
+        EXPECT_RESULT_OK(mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap.writeValue(ifaceIndex, iface, BPF_ANY));
+    }
+
+    void expectStatsEqual(const StatsValue& target, const Stats& result) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(target.rxPackets, result.rxPackets);
+        EXPECT_EQ(target.rxBytes, result.rxBytes);
+        EXPECT_EQ(target.txPackets, result.txPackets);
+        EXPECT_EQ(target.txBytes, result.txBytes);
+    }
+
+    void expectStatsLineEqual(const StatsValue target, const char* iface, uint32_t uid,
+                              int counterSet, uint32_t tag, const stats_line& result) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(0, strcmp(iface, result.iface));
+        EXPECT_EQ(uid, (uint32_t)result.uid);
+        EXPECT_EQ((uint32_t) counterSet, result.set);
+        EXPECT_EQ(tag, (uint32_t)result.tag);
+        EXPECT_EQ(target.rxPackets, (uint64_t)result.rxPackets);
+        EXPECT_EQ(target.rxBytes, (uint64_t)result.rxBytes);
+        EXPECT_EQ(target.txPackets, (uint64_t)result.txPackets);
+        EXPECT_EQ(target.txBytes, (uint64_t)result.txBytes);
+    }
+};
+
+// TEST to verify the behavior of bpf map when cocurrent deletion happens when
+// iterating the same map.
+TEST_F(BpfNetworkStatsHelperTest, TestIterateMapWithDeletion) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+        uint64_t cookie = i + 1;
+        UidTagValue tag = {.uid = TEST_UID1, .tag = TEST_TAG};
+        EXPECT_RESULT_OK(mFakeCookieTagMap.writeValue(cookie, tag, BPF_ANY));
+    }
+    uint64_t curCookie = 0;
+    auto nextCookie = mFakeCookieTagMap.getNextKey(curCookie);
+    EXPECT_RESULT_OK(nextCookie);
+    uint64_t headOfMap = nextCookie.value();
+    curCookie = nextCookie.value();
+    // Find the second entry in the map, then immediately delete it.
+    nextCookie = mFakeCookieTagMap.getNextKey(curCookie);
+    EXPECT_RESULT_OK(nextCookie);
+    EXPECT_RESULT_OK(mFakeCookieTagMap.deleteValue((nextCookie.value())));
+    // Find the entry that is now immediately after headOfMap, then delete that.
+    nextCookie = mFakeCookieTagMap.getNextKey(curCookie);
+    EXPECT_RESULT_OK(nextCookie);
+    EXPECT_RESULT_OK(mFakeCookieTagMap.deleteValue((nextCookie.value())));
+    // Attempting to read an entry that has been deleted fails with ENOENT.
+    curCookie = nextCookie.value();
+    auto tagResult = mFakeCookieTagMap.readValue(curCookie);
+    EXPECT_EQ(ENOENT, tagResult.error().code());
+    // Finding the entry after our deleted entry restarts iteration from the beginning of the map.
+    nextCookie = mFakeCookieTagMap.getNextKey(curCookie);
+    EXPECT_RESULT_OK(nextCookie);
+    EXPECT_EQ(headOfMap, nextCookie.value());
+}
+
+TEST_F(BpfNetworkStatsHelperTest, TestBpfIterateMap) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+        uint64_t cookie = i + 1;
+        UidTagValue tag = {.uid = TEST_UID1, .tag = TEST_TAG};
+        EXPECT_RESULT_OK(mFakeCookieTagMap.writeValue(cookie, tag, BPF_ANY));
+    }
+    int totalCount = 0;
+    int totalSum = 0;
+    const auto iterateWithoutDeletion =
+            [&totalCount, &totalSum](const uint64_t& key, const BpfMap<uint64_t, UidTagValue>&) {
+                EXPECT_GE((uint64_t)5, key);
+                totalCount++;
+                totalSum += key;
+                return Result<void>();
+            };
+    EXPECT_RESULT_OK(mFakeCookieTagMap.iterate(iterateWithoutDeletion));
+    EXPECT_EQ(5, totalCount);
+    EXPECT_EQ(1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5, totalSum);
+}
+
+TEST_F(BpfNetworkStatsHelperTest, TestUidStatsNoTraffic) {
+    StatsValue value1 = {
+            .rxPackets = 0,
+            .rxBytes = 0,
+            .txPackets = 0,
+            .txBytes = 0,
+    };
+    Stats result1 = {};
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, bpfGetUidStatsInternal(TEST_UID1, &result1, mFakeAppUidStatsMap));
+    expectStatsEqual(value1, result1);
+}
+
+TEST_F(BpfNetworkStatsHelperTest, TestGetUidStatsTotal) {
+    updateIfaceMap(IFACE_NAME1, IFACE_INDEX1);
+    updateIfaceMap(IFACE_NAME2, IFACE_INDEX2);
+    updateIfaceMap(IFACE_NAME3, IFACE_INDEX3);
+    StatsValue value1 = {
+            .rxPackets = TEST_PACKET0,
+            .rxBytes = TEST_BYTES0,
+            .txPackets = TEST_PACKET1,
+            .txBytes = TEST_BYTES1,
+    };
+    StatsValue value2 = {
+            .rxPackets = TEST_PACKET0 * 2,
+            .rxBytes = TEST_BYTES0 * 2,
+            .txPackets = TEST_PACKET1 * 2,
+            .txBytes = TEST_BYTES1 * 2,
+    };
+    ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mFakeAppUidStatsMap.writeValue(TEST_UID1, value1, BPF_ANY));
+    ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mFakeAppUidStatsMap.writeValue(TEST_UID2, value2, BPF_ANY));
+    Stats result1 = {};
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, bpfGetUidStatsInternal(TEST_UID1, &result1, mFakeAppUidStatsMap));
+    expectStatsEqual(value1, result1);
+
+    Stats result2 = {};
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, bpfGetUidStatsInternal(TEST_UID2, &result2, mFakeAppUidStatsMap));
+    expectStatsEqual(value2, result2);
+    std::vector<stats_line> lines;
+    std::vector<std::string> ifaces;
+    populateFakeStats(TEST_UID1, 0, IFACE_INDEX1, TEST_COUNTERSET0, value1, mFakeStatsMap);
+    populateFakeStats(TEST_UID1, 0, IFACE_INDEX2, TEST_COUNTERSET1, value1, mFakeStatsMap);
+    populateFakeStats(TEST_UID2, 0, IFACE_INDEX3, TEST_COUNTERSET1, value1, mFakeStatsMap);
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, parseBpfNetworkStatsDetailInternal(&lines, ifaces, TAG_ALL, TEST_UID1,
+                                                    mFakeStatsMap, mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap));
+    ASSERT_EQ((unsigned long)2, lines.size());
+    lines.clear();
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, parseBpfNetworkStatsDetailInternal(&lines, ifaces, TAG_ALL, TEST_UID2,
+                                                    mFakeStatsMap, mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap));
+    ASSERT_EQ((unsigned long)1, lines.size());
+    expectStatsLineEqual(value1, IFACE_NAME3, TEST_UID2, TEST_COUNTERSET1, 0, lines.front());
+}
+
+TEST_F(BpfNetworkStatsHelperTest, TestGetIfaceStatsInternal) {
+    updateIfaceMap(IFACE_NAME1, IFACE_INDEX1);
+    updateIfaceMap(IFACE_NAME2, IFACE_INDEX2);
+    updateIfaceMap(IFACE_NAME3, IFACE_INDEX3);
+    StatsValue value1 = {
+            .rxPackets = TEST_PACKET0,
+            .rxBytes = TEST_BYTES0,
+            .txPackets = TEST_PACKET1,
+            .txBytes = TEST_BYTES1,
+    };
+    StatsValue value2 = {
+            .rxPackets = TEST_PACKET1,
+            .rxBytes = TEST_BYTES1,
+            .txPackets = TEST_PACKET0,
+            .txBytes = TEST_BYTES0,
+    };
+    uint32_t ifaceStatsKey = IFACE_INDEX1;
+    EXPECT_RESULT_OK(mFakeIfaceStatsMap.writeValue(ifaceStatsKey, value1, BPF_ANY));
+    ifaceStatsKey = IFACE_INDEX2;
+    EXPECT_RESULT_OK(mFakeIfaceStatsMap.writeValue(ifaceStatsKey, value2, BPF_ANY));
+    ifaceStatsKey = IFACE_INDEX3;
+    EXPECT_RESULT_OK(mFakeIfaceStatsMap.writeValue(ifaceStatsKey, value1, BPF_ANY));
+
+    Stats result1 = {};
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, bpfGetIfaceStatsInternal(IFACE_NAME1, &result1, mFakeIfaceStatsMap,
+                                          mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap));
+    expectStatsEqual(value1, result1);
+    Stats result2 = {};
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, bpfGetIfaceStatsInternal(IFACE_NAME2, &result2, mFakeIfaceStatsMap,
+                                          mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap));
+    expectStatsEqual(value2, result2);
+    Stats totalResult = {};
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, bpfGetIfaceStatsInternal(NULL, &totalResult, mFakeIfaceStatsMap,
+                                          mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap));
+    StatsValue totalValue = {
+            .rxPackets = TEST_PACKET0 * 2 + TEST_PACKET1,
+            .rxBytes = TEST_BYTES0 * 2 + TEST_BYTES1,
+            .txPackets = TEST_PACKET1 * 2 + TEST_PACKET0,
+            .txBytes = TEST_BYTES1 * 2 + TEST_BYTES0,
+    };
+    expectStatsEqual(totalValue, totalResult);
+}
+
+TEST_F(BpfNetworkStatsHelperTest, TestGetStatsDetail) {
+    updateIfaceMap(IFACE_NAME1, IFACE_INDEX1);
+    updateIfaceMap(IFACE_NAME2, IFACE_INDEX2);
+    StatsValue value1 = {
+            .rxPackets = TEST_PACKET0,
+            .rxBytes = TEST_BYTES0,
+            .txPackets = TEST_PACKET1,
+            .txBytes = TEST_BYTES1,
+    };
+    populateFakeStats(TEST_UID1, TEST_TAG, IFACE_INDEX1, TEST_COUNTERSET0, value1, mFakeStatsMap);
+    populateFakeStats(TEST_UID1, TEST_TAG, IFACE_INDEX2, TEST_COUNTERSET0, value1, mFakeStatsMap);
+    populateFakeStats(TEST_UID1, TEST_TAG + 1, IFACE_INDEX1, TEST_COUNTERSET0, value1,
+                      mFakeStatsMap);
+    populateFakeStats(TEST_UID2, TEST_TAG, IFACE_INDEX1, TEST_COUNTERSET0, value1, mFakeStatsMap);
+    std::vector<stats_line> lines;
+    std::vector<std::string> ifaces;
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, parseBpfNetworkStatsDetailInternal(&lines, ifaces, TAG_ALL, UID_ALL, mFakeStatsMap,
+                                                    mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap));
+    ASSERT_EQ((unsigned long)4, lines.size());
+    lines.clear();
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, parseBpfNetworkStatsDetailInternal(&lines, ifaces, TAG_ALL, TEST_UID1,
+                                                    mFakeStatsMap, mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap));
+    ASSERT_EQ((unsigned long)3, lines.size());
+    lines.clear();
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, parseBpfNetworkStatsDetailInternal(&lines, ifaces, TEST_TAG, TEST_UID1,
+                                                    mFakeStatsMap, mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap));
+    ASSERT_EQ((unsigned long)2, lines.size());
+    lines.clear();
+    ifaces.push_back(std::string(IFACE_NAME1));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, parseBpfNetworkStatsDetailInternal(&lines, ifaces, TEST_TAG, TEST_UID1,
+                                                    mFakeStatsMap, mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap));
+    ASSERT_EQ((unsigned long)1, lines.size());
+    expectStatsLineEqual(value1, IFACE_NAME1, TEST_UID1, TEST_COUNTERSET0, TEST_TAG, lines.front());
+}
+
+TEST_F(BpfNetworkStatsHelperTest, TestGetStatsWithSkippedIface) {
+    updateIfaceMap(IFACE_NAME1, IFACE_INDEX1);
+    updateIfaceMap(IFACE_NAME2, IFACE_INDEX2);
+    StatsValue value1 = {
+            .rxPackets = TEST_PACKET0,
+            .rxBytes = TEST_BYTES0,
+            .txPackets = TEST_PACKET1,
+            .txBytes = TEST_BYTES1,
+    };
+    populateFakeStats(0, 0, 0, OVERFLOW_COUNTERSET, value1, mFakeStatsMap);
+    populateFakeStats(TEST_UID1, 0, IFACE_INDEX1, TEST_COUNTERSET0, value1, mFakeStatsMap);
+    populateFakeStats(TEST_UID1, 0, IFACE_INDEX2, TEST_COUNTERSET0, value1, mFakeStatsMap);
+    populateFakeStats(TEST_UID1, 0, IFACE_INDEX1, TEST_COUNTERSET1, value1, mFakeStatsMap);
+    populateFakeStats(TEST_UID2, 0, IFACE_INDEX1, TEST_COUNTERSET0, value1, mFakeStatsMap);
+    std::vector<stats_line> lines;
+    std::vector<std::string> ifaces;
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, parseBpfNetworkStatsDetailInternal(&lines, ifaces, TAG_ALL, UID_ALL, mFakeStatsMap,
+                                                    mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap));
+    ASSERT_EQ((unsigned long)4, lines.size());
+    lines.clear();
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, parseBpfNetworkStatsDetailInternal(&lines, ifaces, TAG_ALL, TEST_UID1,
+                                                    mFakeStatsMap, mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap));
+    ASSERT_EQ((unsigned long)3, lines.size());
+    lines.clear();
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, parseBpfNetworkStatsDetailInternal(&lines, ifaces, TAG_ALL, TEST_UID2,
+                                                    mFakeStatsMap, mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap));
+    ASSERT_EQ((unsigned long)1, lines.size());
+    expectStatsLineEqual(value1, IFACE_NAME1, TEST_UID2, TEST_COUNTERSET0, 0, lines.front());
+    lines.clear();
+    ifaces.push_back(std::string(IFACE_NAME1));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, parseBpfNetworkStatsDetailInternal(&lines, ifaces, TAG_ALL, TEST_UID1,
+                                                    mFakeStatsMap, mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap));
+    ASSERT_EQ((unsigned long)2, lines.size());
+}
+
+TEST_F(BpfNetworkStatsHelperTest, TestUnknownIfaceError) {
+    updateIfaceMap(IFACE_NAME1, IFACE_INDEX1);
+    StatsValue value1 = {
+            .rxPackets = TEST_PACKET0,
+            .rxBytes = TEST_BYTES0 * 20,
+            .txPackets = TEST_PACKET1,
+            .txBytes = TEST_BYTES1 * 20,
+    };
+    uint32_t ifaceIndex = UNKNOWN_IFACE;
+    populateFakeStats(TEST_UID1, 0, ifaceIndex, TEST_COUNTERSET0, value1, mFakeStatsMap);
+    populateFakeStats(TEST_UID1, 0, IFACE_INDEX1, TEST_COUNTERSET0, value1, mFakeStatsMap);
+    StatsValue value2 = {
+            .rxPackets = TEST_PACKET0,
+            .rxBytes = TEST_BYTES0 * 40,
+            .txPackets = TEST_PACKET1,
+            .txBytes = TEST_BYTES1 * 40,
+    };
+    populateFakeStats(TEST_UID1, 0, IFACE_INDEX2, TEST_COUNTERSET0, value2, mFakeStatsMap);
+    StatsKey curKey = {
+            .uid = TEST_UID1,
+            .tag = 0,
+            .counterSet = TEST_COUNTERSET0,
+            .ifaceIndex = ifaceIndex,
+    };
+    char ifname[IFNAMSIZ];
+    int64_t unknownIfaceBytesTotal = 0;
+    ASSERT_EQ(-ENODEV, getIfaceNameFromMap(mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap, mFakeStatsMap, ifaceIndex,
+                                           ifname, curKey, &unknownIfaceBytesTotal));
+    ASSERT_EQ(((int64_t)(TEST_BYTES0 * 20 + TEST_BYTES1 * 20)), unknownIfaceBytesTotal);
+    curKey.ifaceIndex = IFACE_INDEX2;
+    ASSERT_EQ(-ENODEV, getIfaceNameFromMap(mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap, mFakeStatsMap, ifaceIndex,
+                                           ifname, curKey, &unknownIfaceBytesTotal));
+    ASSERT_EQ(-1, unknownIfaceBytesTotal);
+    std::vector<stats_line> lines;
+    std::vector<std::string> ifaces;
+    // TODO: find a way to test the total of unknown Iface Bytes go above limit.
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, parseBpfNetworkStatsDetailInternal(&lines, ifaces, TAG_ALL, UID_ALL, mFakeStatsMap,
+                                                    mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap));
+    ASSERT_EQ((unsigned long)1, lines.size());
+    expectStatsLineEqual(value1, IFACE_NAME1, TEST_UID1, TEST_COUNTERSET0, 0, lines.front());
+}
+
+TEST_F(BpfNetworkStatsHelperTest, TestGetIfaceStatsDetail) {
+    updateIfaceMap(IFACE_NAME1, IFACE_INDEX1);
+    updateIfaceMap(IFACE_NAME2, IFACE_INDEX2);
+    updateIfaceMap(IFACE_NAME3, IFACE_INDEX3);
+    updateIfaceMap(LONG_IFACE_NAME, IFACE_INDEX4);
+    StatsValue value1 = {
+            .rxPackets = TEST_PACKET0,
+            .rxBytes = TEST_BYTES0,
+            .txPackets = TEST_PACKET1,
+            .txBytes = TEST_BYTES1,
+    };
+    StatsValue value2 = {
+            .rxPackets = TEST_PACKET1,
+            .rxBytes = TEST_BYTES1,
+            .txPackets = TEST_PACKET0,
+            .txBytes = TEST_BYTES0,
+    };
+    uint32_t ifaceStatsKey = IFACE_INDEX1;
+    EXPECT_RESULT_OK(mFakeIfaceStatsMap.writeValue(ifaceStatsKey, value1, BPF_ANY));
+    ifaceStatsKey = IFACE_INDEX2;
+    EXPECT_RESULT_OK(mFakeIfaceStatsMap.writeValue(ifaceStatsKey, value2, BPF_ANY));
+    ifaceStatsKey = IFACE_INDEX3;
+    EXPECT_RESULT_OK(mFakeIfaceStatsMap.writeValue(ifaceStatsKey, value1, BPF_ANY));
+    ifaceStatsKey = IFACE_INDEX4;
+    EXPECT_RESULT_OK(mFakeIfaceStatsMap.writeValue(ifaceStatsKey, value2, BPF_ANY));
+    std::vector<stats_line> lines;
+    ASSERT_EQ(0,
+              parseBpfNetworkStatsDevInternal(&lines, mFakeIfaceStatsMap, mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap));
+    ASSERT_EQ((unsigned long)4, lines.size());
+
+    expectStatsLineEqual(value1, IFACE_NAME1, UID_ALL, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, lines[0]);
+    expectStatsLineEqual(value1, IFACE_NAME3, UID_ALL, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, lines[1]);
+    expectStatsLineEqual(value2, IFACE_NAME2, UID_ALL, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, lines[2]);
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, strcmp(TRUNCATED_IFACE_NAME, lines[3].iface));
+    expectStatsLineEqual(value2, TRUNCATED_IFACE_NAME, UID_ALL, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, lines[3]);
+}
+
+TEST_F(BpfNetworkStatsHelperTest, TestGetStatsSortedAndGrouped) {
+    // Create iface indexes with duplicate iface name.
+    updateIfaceMap(IFACE_NAME1, IFACE_INDEX1);
+    updateIfaceMap(IFACE_NAME2, IFACE_INDEX2);
+    updateIfaceMap(IFACE_NAME1, IFACE_INDEX3);  // Duplicate!
+
+    StatsValue value1 = {
+            .rxPackets = TEST_PACKET0,
+            .rxBytes = TEST_BYTES0,
+            .txPackets = TEST_PACKET1,
+            .txBytes = TEST_BYTES1,
+    };
+    StatsValue value2 = {
+            .rxPackets = TEST_PACKET1,
+            .rxBytes = TEST_BYTES1,
+            .txPackets = TEST_PACKET0,
+            .txBytes = TEST_BYTES0,
+    };
+    StatsValue value3 = {
+            .rxPackets = TEST_PACKET0 * 2,
+            .rxBytes = TEST_BYTES0 * 2,
+            .txPackets = TEST_PACKET1 * 2,
+            .txBytes = TEST_BYTES1 * 2,
+    };
+
+    std::vector<stats_line> lines;
+    std::vector<std::string> ifaces;
+
+    // Test empty stats.
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, parseBpfNetworkStatsDetailInternal(&lines, ifaces, TAG_ALL, UID_ALL, mFakeStatsMap,
+                                                    mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap));
+    ASSERT_EQ((size_t) 0, lines.size());
+    lines.clear();
+
+    // Test 1 line stats.
+    populateFakeStats(TEST_UID1, TEST_TAG, IFACE_INDEX1, TEST_COUNTERSET0, value1, mFakeStatsMap);
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, parseBpfNetworkStatsDetailInternal(&lines, ifaces, TAG_ALL, UID_ALL, mFakeStatsMap,
+                                                    mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap));
+    ASSERT_EQ((size_t) 1, lines.size());
+    expectStatsLineEqual(value1, IFACE_NAME1, TEST_UID1, TEST_COUNTERSET0, TEST_TAG, lines[0]);
+    lines.clear();
+
+    // These items should not be grouped.
+    populateFakeStats(TEST_UID1, TEST_TAG, IFACE_INDEX2, TEST_COUNTERSET0, value2, mFakeStatsMap);
+    populateFakeStats(TEST_UID1, TEST_TAG, IFACE_INDEX3, TEST_COUNTERSET1, value2, mFakeStatsMap);
+    populateFakeStats(TEST_UID1, TEST_TAG + 1, IFACE_INDEX1, TEST_COUNTERSET0, value2,
+                      mFakeStatsMap);
+    populateFakeStats(TEST_UID2, TEST_TAG, IFACE_INDEX1, TEST_COUNTERSET0, value1, mFakeStatsMap);
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, parseBpfNetworkStatsDetailInternal(&lines, ifaces, TAG_ALL, UID_ALL, mFakeStatsMap,
+                                                    mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap));
+    ASSERT_EQ((size_t) 5, lines.size());
+    lines.clear();
+
+    // These items should be grouped.
+    populateFakeStats(TEST_UID1, TEST_TAG, IFACE_INDEX3, TEST_COUNTERSET0, value1, mFakeStatsMap);
+    populateFakeStats(TEST_UID2, TEST_TAG, IFACE_INDEX3, TEST_COUNTERSET0, value1, mFakeStatsMap);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, parseBpfNetworkStatsDetailInternal(&lines, ifaces, TAG_ALL, UID_ALL, mFakeStatsMap,
+                                                    mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap));
+    ASSERT_EQ((size_t) 5, lines.size());
+
+    // Verify Sorted & Grouped.
+    expectStatsLineEqual(value3, IFACE_NAME1, TEST_UID1, TEST_COUNTERSET0, TEST_TAG, lines[0]);
+    expectStatsLineEqual(value2, IFACE_NAME1, TEST_UID1, TEST_COUNTERSET1, TEST_TAG, lines[1]);
+    expectStatsLineEqual(value2, IFACE_NAME1, TEST_UID1, TEST_COUNTERSET0, TEST_TAG + 1, lines[2]);
+    expectStatsLineEqual(value3, IFACE_NAME1, TEST_UID2, TEST_COUNTERSET0, TEST_TAG, lines[3]);
+    expectStatsLineEqual(value2, IFACE_NAME2, TEST_UID1, TEST_COUNTERSET0, TEST_TAG, lines[4]);
+    lines.clear();
+
+    // Perform test on IfaceStats.
+    uint32_t ifaceStatsKey = IFACE_INDEX2;
+    EXPECT_RESULT_OK(mFakeIfaceStatsMap.writeValue(ifaceStatsKey, value2, BPF_ANY));
+    ifaceStatsKey = IFACE_INDEX1;
+    EXPECT_RESULT_OK(mFakeIfaceStatsMap.writeValue(ifaceStatsKey, value1, BPF_ANY));
+
+    // This should be grouped.
+    ifaceStatsKey = IFACE_INDEX3;
+    EXPECT_RESULT_OK(mFakeIfaceStatsMap.writeValue(ifaceStatsKey, value1, BPF_ANY));
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(0,
+              parseBpfNetworkStatsDevInternal(&lines, mFakeIfaceStatsMap, mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap));
+    ASSERT_EQ((size_t) 2, lines.size());
+
+    expectStatsLineEqual(value3, IFACE_NAME1, UID_ALL, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, lines[0]);
+    expectStatsLineEqual(value2, IFACE_NAME2, UID_ALL, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, lines[1]);
+    lines.clear();
+}
+
+// Test to verify that subtract overflow will not be triggered by the compare function invoked from
+// sorting. See http:/b/119193941.
+TEST_F(BpfNetworkStatsHelperTest, TestGetStatsSortAndOverflow) {
+    updateIfaceMap(IFACE_NAME1, IFACE_INDEX1);
+
+    StatsValue value1 = {
+            .rxPackets = TEST_PACKET0,
+            .rxBytes = TEST_BYTES0,
+            .txPackets = TEST_PACKET1,
+            .txBytes = TEST_BYTES1,
+    };
+
+    // Mutate uid, 0 < TEST_UID1 < INT_MAX < INT_MIN < UINT_MAX.
+    populateFakeStats(0, TEST_TAG, IFACE_INDEX1, TEST_COUNTERSET0, value1, mFakeStatsMap);
+    populateFakeStats(UINT_MAX, TEST_TAG, IFACE_INDEX1, TEST_COUNTERSET0, value1, mFakeStatsMap);
+    populateFakeStats(INT_MIN, TEST_TAG, IFACE_INDEX1, TEST_COUNTERSET0, value1, mFakeStatsMap);
+    populateFakeStats(INT_MAX, TEST_TAG, IFACE_INDEX1, TEST_COUNTERSET0, value1, mFakeStatsMap);
+
+    // Mutate tag, 0 < TEST_TAG < INT_MAX < INT_MIN < UINT_MAX.
+    populateFakeStats(TEST_UID1, INT_MAX, IFACE_INDEX1, TEST_COUNTERSET0, value1, mFakeStatsMap);
+    populateFakeStats(TEST_UID1, INT_MIN, IFACE_INDEX1, TEST_COUNTERSET0, value1, mFakeStatsMap);
+    populateFakeStats(TEST_UID1, 0, IFACE_INDEX1, TEST_COUNTERSET0, value1, mFakeStatsMap);
+    populateFakeStats(TEST_UID1, UINT_MAX, IFACE_INDEX1, TEST_COUNTERSET0, value1, mFakeStatsMap);
+
+    // TODO: Mutate counterSet and enlarge TEST_MAP_SIZE if overflow on counterSet is possible.
+
+    std::vector<stats_line> lines;
+    std::vector<std::string> ifaces;
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, parseBpfNetworkStatsDetailInternal(&lines, ifaces, TAG_ALL, UID_ALL, mFakeStatsMap,
+                                                    mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap));
+    ASSERT_EQ((size_t) 8, lines.size());
+
+    // Uid 0 first
+    expectStatsLineEqual(value1, IFACE_NAME1, 0, TEST_COUNTERSET0, TEST_TAG, lines[0]);
+
+    // Test uid, mutate tag.
+    expectStatsLineEqual(value1, IFACE_NAME1, TEST_UID1, TEST_COUNTERSET0, 0, lines[1]);
+    expectStatsLineEqual(value1, IFACE_NAME1, TEST_UID1, TEST_COUNTERSET0, INT_MAX, lines[2]);
+    expectStatsLineEqual(value1, IFACE_NAME1, TEST_UID1, TEST_COUNTERSET0, INT_MIN, lines[3]);
+    expectStatsLineEqual(value1, IFACE_NAME1, TEST_UID1, TEST_COUNTERSET0, UINT_MAX, lines[4]);
+
+    // Mutate uid.
+    expectStatsLineEqual(value1, IFACE_NAME1, INT_MAX, TEST_COUNTERSET0, TEST_TAG, lines[5]);
+    expectStatsLineEqual(value1, IFACE_NAME1, INT_MIN, TEST_COUNTERSET0, TEST_TAG, lines[6]);
+    expectStatsLineEqual(value1, IFACE_NAME1, UINT_MAX, TEST_COUNTERSET0, TEST_TAG, lines[7]);
+    lines.clear();
+}
+}  // namespace bpf
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/include/netdbpf/BpfNetworkStats.h b/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/include/netdbpf/BpfNetworkStats.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ab7e25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/include/netdbpf/BpfNetworkStats.h
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _BPF_NETWORKSTATS_H
+#define _BPF_NETWORKSTATS_H
+
+#include <bpf/BpfMap.h>
+#include "bpf_shared.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace bpf {
+
+// TODO: set this to a proper value based on the map size;
+constexpr int TAG_STATS_MAP_SOFT_LIMIT = 3;
+constexpr int UID_ALL = -1;
+constexpr int TAG_ALL = -1;
+constexpr int TAG_NONE = 0;
+constexpr int SET_ALL = -1;
+constexpr int SET_DEFAULT = 0;
+constexpr int SET_FOREGROUND = 1;
+
+// The limit for stats received by a unknown interface;
+constexpr const int64_t MAX_UNKNOWN_IFACE_BYTES = 100 * 1000;
+
+// This is used by
+// frameworks/base/core/jni/com_android_internal_net_NetworkStatsFactory.cpp
+// make sure it is consistent with the JNI code before changing this.
+struct stats_line {
+    char iface[32];
+    uint32_t uid;
+    uint32_t set;
+    uint32_t tag;
+    int64_t rxBytes;
+    int64_t rxPackets;
+    int64_t txBytes;
+    int64_t txPackets;
+
+    stats_line& operator=(const stats_line& rhs);
+    stats_line& operator+=(const stats_line& rhs);
+};
+
+bool operator==(const stats_line& lhs, const stats_line& rhs);
+bool operator<(const stats_line& lhs, const stats_line& rhs);
+
+// For test only
+int bpfGetUidStatsInternal(uid_t uid, Stats* stats,
+                           const BpfMap<uint32_t, StatsValue>& appUidStatsMap);
+// For test only
+int bpfGetIfaceStatsInternal(const char* iface, Stats* stats,
+                             const BpfMap<uint32_t, StatsValue>& ifaceStatsMap,
+                             const BpfMap<uint32_t, IfaceValue>& ifaceNameMap);
+// For test only
+int parseBpfNetworkStatsDetailInternal(std::vector<stats_line>* lines,
+                                       const std::vector<std::string>& limitIfaces, int limitTag,
+                                       int limitUid, const BpfMap<StatsKey, StatsValue>& statsMap,
+                                       const BpfMap<uint32_t, IfaceValue>& ifaceMap);
+// For test only
+int cleanStatsMapInternal(const base::unique_fd& cookieTagMap, const base::unique_fd& tagStatsMap);
+// For test only
+template <class Key>
+int getIfaceNameFromMap(const BpfMap<uint32_t, IfaceValue>& ifaceMap,
+                        const BpfMap<Key, StatsValue>& statsMap, uint32_t ifaceIndex, char* ifname,
+                        const Key& curKey, int64_t* unknownIfaceBytesTotal) {
+    auto iface = ifaceMap.readValue(ifaceIndex);
+    if (!iface.ok()) {
+        maybeLogUnknownIface(ifaceIndex, statsMap, curKey, unknownIfaceBytesTotal);
+        return -ENODEV;
+    }
+    strlcpy(ifname, iface.value().name, sizeof(IfaceValue));
+    return 0;
+}
+
+template <class Key>
+void maybeLogUnknownIface(int ifaceIndex, const BpfMap<Key, StatsValue>& statsMap,
+                          const Key& curKey, int64_t* unknownIfaceBytesTotal) {
+    // Have we already logged an error?
+    if (*unknownIfaceBytesTotal == -1) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Are we undercounting enough data to be worth logging?
+    auto statsEntry = statsMap.readValue(curKey);
+    if (!statsEntry.ok()) {
+        // No data is being undercounted.
+        return;
+    }
+
+    *unknownIfaceBytesTotal += (statsEntry.value().rxBytes + statsEntry.value().txBytes);
+    if (*unknownIfaceBytesTotal >= MAX_UNKNOWN_IFACE_BYTES) {
+        ALOGE("Unknown name for ifindex %d with more than %" PRId64 " bytes of traffic", ifaceIndex,
+              *unknownIfaceBytesTotal);
+        *unknownIfaceBytesTotal = -1;
+    }
+}
+
+// For test only
+int parseBpfNetworkStatsDevInternal(std::vector<stats_line>* lines,
+                                    const BpfMap<uint32_t, StatsValue>& statsMap,
+                                    const BpfMap<uint32_t, IfaceValue>& ifaceMap);
+
+int bpfGetUidStats(uid_t uid, Stats* stats);
+int bpfGetIfaceStats(const char* iface, Stats* stats);
+int parseBpfNetworkStatsDetail(std::vector<stats_line>* lines,
+                               const std::vector<std::string>& limitIfaces, int limitTag,
+                               int limitUid);
+
+int parseBpfNetworkStatsDev(std::vector<stats_line>* lines);
+void groupNetworkStats(std::vector<stats_line>* lines);
+int cleanStatsMap();
+}  // namespace bpf
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // _BPF_NETWORKSTATS_H
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceInitializer.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceInitializer.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa86f39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceInitializer.java
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.ConstantsShim;
+import com.android.server.ethernet.EthernetService;
+import com.android.server.ethernet.EthernetServiceImpl;
+import com.android.server.nearby.NearbyService;
+
+/**
+ * Connectivity service initializer for core networking. This is called by system server to create
+ * a new instance of connectivity services.
+ */
+public final class ConnectivityServiceInitializer extends SystemService {
+    private static final String TAG = ConnectivityServiceInitializer.class.getSimpleName();
+    private final ConnectivityService mConnectivity;
+    private final IpSecService mIpSecService;
+    private final NsdService mNsdService;
+    private final NearbyService mNearbyService;
+    private final EthernetServiceImpl mEthernetServiceImpl;
+
+    public ConnectivityServiceInitializer(Context context) {
+        super(context);
+        // Load JNI libraries used by ConnectivityService and its dependencies
+        System.loadLibrary("service-connectivity");
+        mEthernetServiceImpl = createEthernetService(context);
+        mConnectivity = new ConnectivityService(context);
+        mIpSecService = createIpSecService(context);
+        mNsdService = createNsdService(context);
+        mNearbyService = createNearbyService(context);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onStart() {
+        if (mEthernetServiceImpl != null) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "Registering " + Context.ETHERNET_SERVICE);
+            publishBinderService(Context.ETHERNET_SERVICE, mEthernetServiceImpl,
+                    /* allowIsolated= */ false);
+        }
+
+        Log.i(TAG, "Registering " + Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
+        publishBinderService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE, mConnectivity,
+                /* allowIsolated= */ false);
+
+        if (mIpSecService != null) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "Registering " + Context.IPSEC_SERVICE);
+            publishBinderService(Context.IPSEC_SERVICE, mIpSecService, /* allowIsolated= */ false);
+        }
+
+        if (mNsdService != null) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "Registering " + Context.NSD_SERVICE);
+            publishBinderService(Context.NSD_SERVICE, mNsdService, /* allowIsolated= */ false);
+        }
+
+        if (mNearbyService != null) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "Registering " + ConstantsShim.NEARBY_SERVICE);
+            publishBinderService(ConstantsShim.NEARBY_SERVICE, mNearbyService,
+                    /* allowIsolated= */ false);
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onBootPhase(int phase) {
+        if (mNearbyService != null) {
+            mNearbyService.onBootPhase(phase);
+        }
+
+        if (phase == SystemService.PHASE_SYSTEM_SERVICES_READY && mEthernetServiceImpl != null) {
+            mEthernetServiceImpl.start();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return IpSecService instance, or null if current SDK is lower than T.
+     */
+    private IpSecService createIpSecService(final Context context) {
+        if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) return null;
+
+        return new IpSecService(context);
+    }
+
+    /** Return NsdService instance or null if current SDK is lower than T */
+    private NsdService createNsdService(final Context context) {
+        if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) return null;
+        try {
+            return NsdService.create(context);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "Unable to get NSD service", e);
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Return Nearby service instance or null if current SDK is lower than T */
+    private NearbyService createNearbyService(final Context context) {
+        if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) return null;
+        try {
+            return new NearbyService(context);
+        } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+            // Nearby is not yet supported in all branches
+            // TODO: remove catch clause when it is available.
+            Log.i(TAG, "Skipping unsupported service " + ConstantsShim.NEARBY_SERVICE);
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return EthernetServiceImpl instance or null if current SDK is lower than T or Ethernet
+     * service isn't necessary.
+     */
+    private EthernetServiceImpl createEthernetService(final Context context) {
+        if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastT() || !mConnectivity.deviceSupportsEthernet(context)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return EthernetService.create(context);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/NetworkStatsServiceInitializer.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/NetworkStatsServiceInitializer.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ea126a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/NetworkStatsServiceInitializer.java
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.TrafficStats;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+import com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService;
+
+/**
+ * NetworkStats service initializer for core networking. This is called by system server to create
+ * a new instance of NetworkStatsService.
+ */
+public final class NetworkStatsServiceInitializer extends SystemService {
+    private static final String TAG = NetworkStatsServiceInitializer.class.getSimpleName();
+    private final NetworkStatsService mStatsService;
+
+    public NetworkStatsServiceInitializer(Context context) {
+        super(context);
+        // Load JNI libraries used by NetworkStatsService and its dependencies
+        System.loadLibrary("service-connectivity");
+        mStatsService = maybeCreateNetworkStatsService(context);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onStart() {
+        if (mStatsService != null) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "Registering " + Context.NETWORK_STATS_SERVICE);
+            publishBinderService(Context.NETWORK_STATS_SERVICE, mStatsService,
+                    /* allowIsolated= */ false);
+            TrafficStats.init(getContext());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onBootPhase(int phase) {
+        // This has to be run before StatsPullAtomService query usage at
+        // PHASE_THIRD_PARTY_APPS_CAN_START.
+        if (phase == SystemService.PHASE_ACTIVITY_MANAGER_READY && mStatsService != null) {
+            mStatsService.systemReady();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return NetworkStatsService instance, or null if current SDK is lower than T.
+     */
+    private NetworkStatsService maybeCreateNetworkStatsService(final Context context) {
+        if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) return null;
+
+        return NetworkStatsService.create(context);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service/Android.bp b/service/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b8b25f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+// The library name match the service-connectivity jarjar rules that put the JNI utils in the
+// android.net.connectivity.com.android.net.module.util package.
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "libandroid_net_connectivity_com_android_net_module_util_jni",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wno-unused-parameter",
+        "-Wthread-safety",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "jni/com_android_net_module_util/onload.cpp",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libnet_utils_device_common_bpfjni",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "liblog",
+        "libnativehelper",
+    ],
+    apex_available: [
+        "com.android.tethering",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "libservice-connectivity",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wno-unused-parameter",
+        "-Wthread-safety",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        ":services.connectivity-netstats-jni-sources",
+        "jni/com_android_server_BpfNetMaps.cpp",
+        "jni/com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator.cpp",
+        "jni/com_android_server_TestNetworkService.cpp",
+        "jni/onload.cpp",
+    ],
+    header_libs: [
+        "bpf_connectivity_headers",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libclat",
+        "libip_checksum",
+        "libmodules-utils-build",
+        "libnetjniutils",
+        "libnet_utils_device_common_bpfjni",
+        "libtraffic_controller",
+        "netd_aidl_interface-lateststable-ndk",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libnetdutils",
+        "liblog",
+        "libnativehelper",
+        "libnetworkstats",
+    ],
+    apex_available: [
+        "com.android.tethering",
+    ],
+}
+
+java_library {
+    name: "service-connectivity-pre-jarjar",
+    sdk_version: "system_server_current",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+    srcs: [
+        "src/**/*.java",
+        ":framework-connectivity-shared-srcs",
+        ":services-connectivity-shared-srcs",
+        // TODO: move to net-utils-device-common
+        ":connectivity-module-utils-srcs",
+    ],
+    libs: [
+        "framework-annotations-lib",
+        "framework-connectivity-pre-jarjar",
+        "framework-connectivity-t.stubs.module_lib",
+        "framework-tethering.stubs.module_lib",
+        "framework-wifi.stubs.module_lib",
+        "unsupportedappusage",
+        "ServiceConnectivityResources",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        // Do not add libs here if they are already included
+        // in framework-connectivity
+        "dnsresolver_aidl_interface-V9-java",
+        "modules-utils-shell-command-handler",
+        "net-utils-device-common",
+        "net-utils-device-common-bpf",
+        "net-utils-device-common-netlink",
+        "net-utils-services-common",
+        "netd-client",
+        "networkstack-client",
+        "PlatformProperties",
+        "service-connectivity-protos",
+        "NetworkStackApiCurrentShims",
+    ],
+    apex_available: [
+        "com.android.tethering",
+    ],
+    lint: { strict_updatability_linting: true },
+    visibility: [
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/service-t",
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/tests:__subpackages__",
+    ],
+}
+
+java_library {
+    name: "service-connectivity-protos",
+    sdk_version: "system_current",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+    proto: {
+        type: "nano",
+    },
+    srcs: [
+        ":system-messages-proto-src",
+    ],
+    libs: ["libprotobuf-java-nano"],
+    apex_available: [
+        "com.android.tethering",
+    ],
+    lint: { strict_updatability_linting: true },
+}
+
+java_library {
+    name: "service-connectivity",
+    sdk_version: "system_server_current",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+    installable: true,
+    // This library combines system server jars that have access to different bootclasspath jars.
+    // Lower SDK service jars must not depend on higher SDK jars as that would let them
+    // transitively depend on the wrong bootclasspath jars. Sources also cannot be added here as
+    // they would transitively depend on bootclasspath jars that may not be available.
+    static_libs: [
+        "service-connectivity-pre-jarjar",
+        "service-connectivity-tiramisu-pre-jarjar",
+        "service-nearby-pre-jarjar",
+    ],
+    jarjar_rules: ":connectivity-jarjar-rules",
+    apex_available: [
+        "com.android.tethering",
+    ],
+    optimize: {
+        enabled: true,
+        shrink: true,
+        proguard_flags_files: ["proguard.flags"],
+    },
+    lint: { strict_updatability_linting: true },
+}
+
+filegroup {
+    name: "connectivity-jarjar-rules",
+    srcs: ["jarjar-rules.txt"],
+    visibility: ["//packages/modules/Connectivity:__subpackages__"],
+}
+
+// TODO: This filegroup temporary exposes for NetworkStats. It should be
+// removed right after NetworkStats moves into mainline module.
+filegroup {
+    name: "traffic-controller-utils",
+    srcs: ["src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java"],
+    visibility: ["//packages/modules/Connectivity:__subpackages__"],
+}
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/Android.bp b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f491cc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+// APK to hold all the wifi overlayable resources.
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+android_app {
+    name: "ServiceConnectivityResources",
+    sdk_version: "module_30",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+    resource_dirs: [
+        "res",
+    ],
+    privileged: true,
+    export_package_resources: true,
+    apex_available: [
+        "com.android.tethering",
+    ],
+    certificate: ":com.android.connectivity.resources.certificate",
+}
+
+android_app_certificate {
+    name: "com.android.connectivity.resources.certificate",
+    certificate: "resources-certs/com.android.connectivity.resources",
+}
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/AndroidManifest.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/AndroidManifest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c30302
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!--
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+-->
+<!-- Manifest for connectivity resources APK -->
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+          package="com.android.connectivity.resources"
+          coreApp="true"
+          android:versionCode="1"
+          android:versionName="S-initial">
+    <application
+        android:label="@string/connectivityResourcesAppLabel"
+        android:defaultToDeviceProtectedStorage="true"
+        android:directBootAware="true">
+        <!-- This is only used to identify this app by resolving the action.
+             The activity is never actually triggered. -->
+        <activity android:name="android.app.Activity" android:exported="true" android:enabled="true">
+            <intent-filter>
+                <action android:name="com.android.server.connectivity.intent.action.SERVICE_CONNECTIVITY_RESOURCES_APK" />
+            </intent-filter>
+        </activity>
+    </application>
+</manifest>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/drawable-hdpi/stat_notify_rssi_in_range.png b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/drawable-hdpi/stat_notify_rssi_in_range.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74977e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/drawable-hdpi/stat_notify_rssi_in_range.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/drawable-mdpi/stat_notify_rssi_in_range.png b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/drawable-mdpi/stat_notify_rssi_in_range.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..62e4fe9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/drawable-mdpi/stat_notify_rssi_in_range.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/drawable-xhdpi/stat_notify_rssi_in_range.png b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/drawable-xhdpi/stat_notify_rssi_in_range.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0586d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/drawable-xhdpi/stat_notify_rssi_in_range.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/drawable-xxhdpi/stat_notify_rssi_in_range.png b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/drawable-xxhdpi/stat_notify_rssi_in_range.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..86c34ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/drawable-xxhdpi/stat_notify_rssi_in_range.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/drawable/stat_notify_wifi_in_range.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/drawable/stat_notify_wifi_in_range.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a271ca5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/drawable/stat_notify_wifi_in_range.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<!--
+Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+    You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+         http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+    limitations under the License.
+-->
+<vector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+        android:width="26.0dp"
+        android:height="24.0dp"
+        android:viewportWidth="26.0"
+        android:viewportHeight="24.0">
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#4DFFFFFF"
+        android:pathData="M19.1,14l-3.4,0l0,-1.5c0,-1.8 0.8,-2.8 1.5,-3.4C18.1,8.3 19.200001,8 20.6,8c1.2,0 2.3,0.3 3.1,0.8l1.9,-2.3C25.1,6.1 20.299999,2.1 13,2.1S0.9,6.1 0.4,6.5L13,22l0,0l0,0l0,0l0,0l6.5,-8.1L19.1,14z"/>
+    <path
+        android:fillColor="#FFFFFFFF"
+        android:pathData="M19.5,17.799999c0,-0.8 0.1,-1.3 0.2,-1.6c0.2,-0.3 0.5,-0.7 1.1,-1.2c0.4,-0.4 0.7,-0.8 1,-1.1s0.4,-0.8 0.4,-1.2c0,-0.5 -0.1,-0.9 -0.4,-1.2c-0.3,-0.3 -0.7,-0.4 -1.2,-0.4c-0.4,0 -0.8,0.1 -1.1,0.3c-0.3,0.2 -0.4,0.6 -0.4,1.1l-1.9,0c0,-1 0.3,-1.7 1,-2.2c0.6,-0.5 1.5,-0.8 2.5,-0.8c1.1,0 2,0.3 2.6,0.8c0.6,0.5 0.9,1.3 0.9,2.3c0,0.7 -0.2,1.3 -0.6,1.8c-0.4,0.6 -0.9,1.1 -1.5,1.6c-0.3,0.3 -0.5,0.5 -0.6,0.7c-0.1,0.2 -0.1,0.6 -0.1,1L19.5,17.700001zM21.4,21l-1.9,0l0,-1.8l1.9,0L21.4,21z"/>
+</vector>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-af/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-af/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..086c6e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-af/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Stelselkonnektiwiteithulpbronne"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Meld aan by Wi-Fi-netwerk"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Meld by netwerk aan"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> het geen internettoegang nie"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Tik vir opsies"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Selnetwerk het nie internettoegang nie"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Netwerk het nie internettoegang nie"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Daar kan nie by private DNS-bediener ingegaan word nie"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> het beperkte konnektiwiteit"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Tik om in elk geval te koppel"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Het oorgeskakel na <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"Toestel gebruik <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> wanneer <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> geen internettoegang het nie. Heffings kan geld."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Het oorgeskakel van <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> na <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"mobiele data"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"\'n onbekende netwerktipe"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-am/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-am/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..886b353
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-am/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"የስርዓት ግንኙነት መርጃዎች"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"ወደ Wi-Fi አውታረ መረብ በመለያ ግባ"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"ወደ አውታረ መረብ በመለያ ይግቡ"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> ምንም የበይነ መረብ መዳረሻ የለም"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"ለአማራጮች መታ ያድርጉ"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"የተንቀሳቃሽ ስልክ አውታረ መረብ የበይነመረብ መዳረሻ የለውም"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"አውታረ መረብ የበይነመረብ መዳረሻ የለውም"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"የግል ዲኤንኤስ አገልጋይ ሊደረስበት አይችልም"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> የተገደበ ግንኙነት አለው"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"ለማንኛውም ለማገናኘት መታ ያድርጉ"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"ወደ <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g> ተቀይሯል"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> ምንም ዓይነት የበይነመረብ ግንኙነት በማይኖረው ጊዜ መሣሪያዎች <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g>ን ይጠቀማሉ። ክፍያዎች ተፈጻሚ ሊሆኑ ይችላሉ።"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"ከ<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> ወደ <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> ተቀይሯል"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"የተንቀሳቃሽ ስልክ ውሂብ"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"ብሉቱዝ"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"ኢተርኔት"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"አንድ ያልታወቀ አውታረ መረብ ዓይነት"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ar/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ar/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07d9c2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ar/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"مصادر إمكانية اتصال الخادم"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"‏تسجيل الدخول إلى شبكة Wi-Fi"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"تسجيل الدخول إلى الشبكة"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"لا يتوفّر في <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> إمكانية الاتصال بالإنترنت."</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"انقر للحصول على الخيارات."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"شبكة الجوّال هذه غير متصلة بالإنترنت"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"الشبكة غير متصلة بالإنترنت"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"لا يمكن الوصول إلى خادم أسماء نظام نطاقات خاص"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"إمكانية اتصال <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> محدودة."</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"يمكنك النقر للاتصال على أي حال."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"تم التبديل إلى <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"يستخدم الجهاز <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> عندما لا يتوفر اتصال بالإنترنت في شبكة <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>، ويمكن أن يتم فرض رسوم مقابل ذلك."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"تم التبديل من <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> إلى <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"بيانات الجوّال"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"بلوتوث"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"إيثرنت"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"‏شبكة افتراضية خاصة (VPN)"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"نوع شبكة غير معروف"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-as/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-as/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e753cb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-as/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"ছিষ্টেম সংযোগৰ উৎস"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"ৱাই-ফাই নেটৱৰ্কত ছাইন ইন কৰক"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"নেটৱৰ্কত ছাইন ইন কৰক"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g>ৰ ইণ্টাৰনেটৰ এক্সেছ নাই"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"অধিক বিকল্পৰ বাবে টিপক"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"ম’বাইল নেটৱৰ্কৰ কোনো ইণ্টাৰনেটৰ এক্সেছ নাই"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"নেটৱৰ্কৰ কোনো ইণ্টাৰনেটৰ এক্সেছ নাই"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"ব্যক্তিগত DNS ছাৰ্ভাৰ এক্সেছ কৰিব নোৱাৰি"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g>ৰ সকলো সেৱাৰ এক্সেছ নাই"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"যিকোনো প্ৰকাৰে সংযোগ কৰিবলৈ টিপক"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>লৈ সলনি কৰা হ’ল"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"যেতিয়া <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>ত ইণ্টাৰনেট নাথাকে, তেতিয়া ডিভাইচে <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g>ক ব্যৱহাৰ কৰে। মাচুল প্ৰযোজ্য হ\'ব পাৰে।"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g>ৰ পৰা <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> লৈ সলনি কৰা হ’ল"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"ম’বাইল ডেটা"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"ৱাই-ফাই"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"ব্লুটুথ"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"ইথাৰনেট"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"ভিপিএন"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"অজ্ঞাত প্ৰকাৰৰ নেটৱৰ্ক"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-az/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-az/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f33a3e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-az/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Sistem Bağlantı Resursları"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Wi-Fi şəbəkəsinə daxil ol"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Şəbəkəyə daxil olun"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> üçün internet girişi əlçatan deyil"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Seçimlər üçün tıklayın"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobil şəbəkənin internetə girişi yoxdur"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Şəbəkənin internetə girişi yoxdur"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Özəl DNS serverinə giriş mümkün deyil"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> bağlantını məhdudlaşdırdı"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"İstənilən halda klikləyin"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g> şəbəkə növünə keçirildi"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> şəbəkəsinin internetə girişi olmadıqda, cihaz <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> şəbəkəsini istifadə edir. Xidmət haqqı tutula bilər."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> şəbəkəsindən <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> şəbəkəsinə keçirildi"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"mobil data"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"naməlum şəbəkə növü"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-b+sr+Latn/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-b+sr+Latn/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7398e7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-b+sr+Latn/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Resursi za povezivanje sa sistemom"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Prijavljivanje na WiFi mrežu"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Prijavite se na mrežu"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> nema pristup internetu"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Dodirnite za opcije"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobilna mreža nema pristup internetu"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Mreža nema pristup internetu"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Pristup privatnom DNS serveru nije uspeo"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> ima ograničenu vezu"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Dodirnite da biste se ipak povezali"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Prešli ste na tip mreže <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"Uređaj koristi tip mreže <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> kada tip mreže <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> nema pristup internetu. Možda će se naplaćivati troškovi."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Prešli ste sa tipa mreže <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> na tip mreže <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"mobilni podaci"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"WiFi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Eternet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"nepoznat tip mreže"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-be/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-be/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3459cc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-be/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Рэсурсы для падключэння да сістэмы"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Уваход у сетку Wi-Fi"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Увайдзіце ў сетку"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> не мае доступу ў інтэрнэт"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Дакраніцеся, каб убачыць параметры"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Мабільная сетка не мае доступу ў інтэрнэт"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Сетка не мае доступу ў інтэрнэт"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Не ўдалося атрымаць доступ да прыватнага DNS-сервера"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> мае абмежаваную магчымасць падключэння"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Націсніце, каб падключыцца"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Выкананы пераход да <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"Прылада выкарыстоўвае сетку <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g>, калі ў сетцы <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> няма доступу да інтэрнэту. Можа спаганяцца плата."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Выкананы пераход з <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> да <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"мабільная перадача даных"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"невядомы тып сеткі"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-bg/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-bg/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4ae618
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-bg/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Ресурси за свързаността на системата"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Влизане в Wi-Fi мрежа"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Вход в мрежата"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> няма достъп до интернет"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Докоснете за опции"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Мобилната мрежа няма достъп до интернет"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Мрежата няма достъп до интернет"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Не може да се осъществи достъп до частния DNS сървър"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> има ограничена свързаност"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Докоснете, за да се свържете въпреки това"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Превключи се към <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"Устройството използва <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g>, когато <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> няма достъп до интернет. Възможно е да бъдете таксувани."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Превключи се от <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> към <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"мобилни данни"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"неизвестен тип мрежа"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-bn/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-bn/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b32973
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-bn/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"সিস্টেম কানেক্টিভিটি রিসোর্সেস"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"ওয়াই-ফাই নেটওয়ার্কে সাইন-ইন করুন"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"নেটওয়ার্কে সাইন-ইন করুন"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g>-এর ইন্টারনেটে অ্যাক্সেস নেই"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"বিকল্পগুলির জন্য আলতো চাপুন"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"মোবাইল নেটওয়ার্কে কোনও ইন্টারনেট অ্যাক্সেস নেই"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"নেটওয়ার্কে কোনও ইন্টারনেট অ্যাক্সেস নেই"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"ব্যক্তিগত ডিএনএস সার্ভার অ্যাক্সেস করা যাবে না"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g>-এর সীমিত কানেক্টিভিটি আছে"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"তবুও কানেক্ট করতে ট্যাপ করুন"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g> এ পাল্টানো হয়েছে"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> এ ইন্টারনেট অ্যাক্সেস না থাকলে <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> ব্যবহার করা হয়৷ ডেটা চার্জ প্রযোজ্য৷"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> থেকে <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> এ পাল্টানো হয়েছে"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"মোবাইল ডেটা"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"ওয়াই-ফাই"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"ব্লুটুথ"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"ইথারনেট"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"এই নেটওয়ার্কের ধরন অজানা"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-bs/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-bs/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0bc0a7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-bs/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Izvori povezivosti sistema"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Prijavljivanje na WiFi mrežu"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Prijava na mrežu"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"Mreža <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> nema pristup internetu"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Dodirnite za opcije"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobilna mreža nema pristup internetu"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Mreža nema pristup internetu"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Nije moguće pristupiti privatnom DNS serveru"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"Mreža <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> ima ograničenu povezivost"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Dodirnite da se ipak povežete"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Prebačeno na: <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"Kada <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> nema pristup internetu, uređaj koristi mrežu <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g>. Moguća je naplata usluge."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Prebačeno iz mreže <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> u <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> mrežu"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"prijenos podataka na mobilnoj mreži"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"WiFi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"nepoznata vrsta mreže"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ca/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ca/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..22b9dbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ca/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Recursos de connectivitat del sistema"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Inicia la sessió a la xarxa Wi-Fi"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Inicia la sessió a la xarxa"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> no té accés a Internet"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Toca per veure les opcions"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"La xarxa mòbil no té accés a Internet"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"La xarxa no té accés a Internet"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"No es pot accedir al servidor DNS privat"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> té una connectivitat limitada"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Toca per connectar igualment"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Actualment en ús: <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"El dispositiu utilitza <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> en cas que <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> no tingui accés a Internet. És possible que s\'hi apliquin càrrecs."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Abans es feia servir la xarxa <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g>; ara s\'utilitza <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"dades mòbils"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi‑Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"un tipus de xarxa desconegut"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-cs/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-cs/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ccf21ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-cs/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Zdroje pro připojení systému"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Přihlásit se k síti Wi-Fi"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Přihlásit se k síti"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"Síť <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> nemá přístup k internetu"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Klepnutím zobrazíte možnosti"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobilní síť nemá přístup k internetu"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Síť nemá přístup k internetu"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Nelze získat přístup k soukromému serveru DNS"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"Síť <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> umožňuje jen omezené připojení"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Klepnutím se i přesto připojíte"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Přechod na síť <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"Když síť <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> nebude mít přístup k internetu, zařízení použije síť <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g>. Mohou být účtovány poplatky."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Přechod ze sítě <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> na síť <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"mobilní data"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"neznámý typ sítě"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-da/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-da/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a33143e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-da/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Systemets forbindelsesressourcer"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Log ind på Wi-Fi-netværk"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Log ind på netværk"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> har ingen internetforbindelse"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Tryk for at se valgmuligheder"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobilnetværket har ingen internetadgang"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Netværket har ingen internetadgang"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Der er ikke adgang til den private DNS-server"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> har begrænset forbindelse"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Tryk for at oprette forbindelse alligevel"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Der blev skiftet til <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"Enheden benytter <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g>, når der ikke er internetadgang via <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>. Der opkræves muligvis betaling."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Der blev skiftet fra <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> til <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"mobildata"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"en ukendt netværkstype"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-de/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-de/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..96cc7d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-de/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Systemverbindungsressourcen"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"In WLAN anmelden"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Im Netzwerk anmelden"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> hat keinen Internetzugriff"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Für Optionen tippen"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobiles Netzwerk hat keinen Internetzugriff"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Netzwerk hat keinen Internetzugriff"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Auf den privaten DNS-Server kann nicht zugegriffen werden"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"Schlechte Verbindung mit <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Tippen, um die Verbindung trotzdem herzustellen"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Zu <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g> gewechselt"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"Auf dem Gerät werden <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> genutzt, wenn über <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> kein Internet verfügbar ist. Eventuell fallen Gebühren an."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Von \"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g>\" zu \"<xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>\" gewechselt"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"Mobile Daten"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"WLAN"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"ein unbekannter Netzwerktyp"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-el/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-el/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b5f319d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-el/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Πόροι συνδεσιμότητας συστήματος"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Συνδεθείτε στο δίκτυο Wi-Fi"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Σύνδεση στο δίκτυο"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"Η εφαρμογή <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> δεν έχει πρόσβαση στο διαδίκτυο"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Πατήστε για να δείτε τις επιλογές"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Το δίκτυο κινητής τηλεφωνίας δεν έχει πρόσβαση στο διαδίκτυο."</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Το δίκτυο δεν έχει πρόσβαση στο διαδίκτυο."</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Δεν είναι δυνατή η πρόσβαση στον ιδιωτικό διακομιστή DNS."</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"Το δίκτυο <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> έχει περιορισμένη συνδεσιμότητα"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Πατήστε για σύνδεση ούτως ή άλλως"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Μετάβαση σε δίκτυο <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"Η συσκευή χρησιμοποιεί το δίκτυο <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> όταν το δίκτυο <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> δεν έχει πρόσβαση στο διαδίκτυο. Μπορεί να ισχύουν χρεώσεις."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Μετάβαση από το δίκτυο <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> στο δίκτυο <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"δεδομένα κινητής τηλεφωνίας"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"άγνωστος τύπος δικτύου"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-en-rAU/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-en-rAU/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c490cf8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-en-rAU/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"System connectivity resources"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Sign in to a Wi-Fi network"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Sign in to network"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> has no Internet access"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Tap for options"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobile network has no Internet access"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Network has no Internet access"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Private DNS server cannot be accessed"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> has limited connectivity"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Tap to connect anyway"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Switched to <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"Device uses <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> when <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> has no Internet access. Charges may apply."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Switched from <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> to <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"mobile data"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"an unknown network type"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-en-rCA/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-en-rCA/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c490cf8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-en-rCA/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"System connectivity resources"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Sign in to a Wi-Fi network"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Sign in to network"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> has no Internet access"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Tap for options"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobile network has no Internet access"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Network has no Internet access"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Private DNS server cannot be accessed"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> has limited connectivity"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Tap to connect anyway"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Switched to <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"Device uses <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> when <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> has no Internet access. Charges may apply."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Switched from <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> to <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"mobile data"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"an unknown network type"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-en-rGB/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-en-rGB/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c490cf8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-en-rGB/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"System connectivity resources"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Sign in to a Wi-Fi network"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Sign in to network"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> has no Internet access"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Tap for options"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobile network has no Internet access"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Network has no Internet access"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Private DNS server cannot be accessed"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> has limited connectivity"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Tap to connect anyway"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Switched to <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"Device uses <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> when <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> has no Internet access. Charges may apply."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Switched from <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> to <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"mobile data"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"an unknown network type"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-en-rIN/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-en-rIN/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c490cf8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-en-rIN/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"System connectivity resources"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Sign in to a Wi-Fi network"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Sign in to network"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> has no Internet access"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Tap for options"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobile network has no Internet access"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Network has no Internet access"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Private DNS server cannot be accessed"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> has limited connectivity"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Tap to connect anyway"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Switched to <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"Device uses <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> when <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> has no Internet access. Charges may apply."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Switched from <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> to <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"mobile data"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"an unknown network type"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-en-rXC/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-en-rXC/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67c3659
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-en-rXC/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‏‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‏‏‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‎‎System Connectivity Resources‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‎‏‏‎‎‏‏‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‎‏‎Sign in to Wi-Fi network‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‏‏‎‎‏‎‏‎‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‎‏‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‏‏‏‎‏‎‏‎‏‏‎‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‎‏‎Sign in to network‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‎‎‏‎‎‏‏‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‎‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‎‎‏‎‏‎‎‏‏‎‏‎‎‏‏‎‎‏‎‎‏‏‎<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g>‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‎ has no internet access‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‎‏‎‏‎‎‏‏‎‏‏‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‏‎‏‏‎‎‎‏‏‎‏‎‎Tap for options‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‏‏‏‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‏‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‏‎‏‎‎Mobile network has no internet access‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‏‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‎‏‏‏‎‏‎‎‎‏‏‎‏‎‏‏‎‎‏‎‏‎‏‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‎Network has no internet access‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‎‏‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‎‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‎‏‎‏‎‏‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‎Private DNS server cannot be accessed‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‏‏‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‎‎‏‏‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‎‎‎‏‎‏‎‏‎‏‎‎‎‏‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‏‏‎‏‎‏‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‏‎<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g>‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‎ has limited connectivity‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‏‎‏‎‏‏‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‏‏‎‏‎‏‏‎‏‏‎‏‏‎‏‏‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‎‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‏‎Tap to connect anyway‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‎‎‎‏‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‏‏‎‎‏‎‎‏‏‎‎‎‏‏‎‎‎‏‏‎‏‏‏‏‎Switched to ‎‏‎‎‏‏‎<xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‎‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‏‎‏‏‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‎‏‏‎‏‏‎‏‎‎‎‏‎‏‎‎‎‎‎Device uses ‎‏‎‎‏‏‎<xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g>‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‎ when ‎‏‎‎‏‏‎<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‎ has no internet access. Charges may apply.‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‏‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‏‏‎‏‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‎Switched from ‎‏‎‎‏‏‎<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g>‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‎ to ‎‏‎‎‏‏‎<xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‎‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‏‎‎‏‏‎‏‏‎‎‏‏‏‎‏‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‎‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‎‎‏‏‎‏‏‏‎‏‎‎‎‏‏‏‎mobile data‎‏‎‎‏‎"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‏‎‏‏‎‎‏‏‏‎‏‎‎‏‎‏‎‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‏‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎Wi-Fi‎‏‎‎‏‎"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‏‏‏‎‏‎‏‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‎‎‏‎‏‎‏‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‎‏‎‏‎‏‏‎‎‎‏‏‎Bluetooth‎‏‎‎‏‎"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‏‏‎‎‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‏‎‏‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‎‎‏‎‏‎‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‏‎‏‏‎‏‏‎‎‎‎Ethernet‎‏‎‎‏‎"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‏‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‏‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‎‏‎‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‎‏‎‎‎‏‏‎VPN‎‏‎‎‏‎"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‎‎‎‏‏‎‏‎‏‏‎‏‏‎‏‎‏‏‎‏‎‎‎‏‎‎‎‏‎‎‎‏‏‏‎‏‏‎‏‏‏‏‎‎‏‎‎an unknown network type‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-es-rUS/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-es-rUS/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fdca468
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-es-rUS/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Recursos de conectividad del sistema"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Accede a una red Wi-Fi."</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Acceder a la red"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g>no tiene acceso a Internet"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Presiona para ver opciones"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"La red móvil no tiene acceso a Internet"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"La red no tiene acceso a Internet"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"No se puede acceder al servidor DNS privado"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> tiene conectividad limitada"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Presiona para conectarte de todas formas"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Se cambió a <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"El dispositivo usa <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> cuando <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> no tiene acceso a Internet. Es posible que se apliquen cargos."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Se cambió de <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> a <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"Datos móviles"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"un tipo de red desconocido"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-es/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-es/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4a7e3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-es/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Recursos de conectividad del sistema"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Iniciar sesión en red Wi-Fi"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Iniciar sesión en la red"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> no tiene acceso a Internet"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Toca para ver opciones"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"La red móvil no tiene acceso a Internet"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"La red no tiene acceso a Internet"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"No se ha podido acceder al servidor DNS privado"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> tiene una conectividad limitada"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Toca para conectarte de todas formas"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Se ha cambiado a <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"El dispositivo utiliza <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> cuando <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> no tiene acceso a Internet. Es posible que se apliquen cargos."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Se ha cambiado de <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> a <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"datos móviles"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"un tipo de red desconocido"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-et/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-et/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf997b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-et/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Süsteemi ühenduvuse allikad"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Logi sisse WiFi-võrku"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Võrku sisselogimine"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"Võrgul <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> puudub Interneti-ühendus"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Puudutage valikute nägemiseks"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobiilsidevõrgul puudub Interneti-ühendus"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Võrgul puudub Interneti-ühendus"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Privaatsele DNS-serverile ei pääse juurde"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"Võrgu <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> ühendus on piiratud"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Puudutage, kui soovite siiski ühenduse luua"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Lülitati võrgule <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"Seade kasutab võrku <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g>, kui võrgul <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> puudub juurdepääs Internetile. Rakenduda võivad tasud."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Lülitati võrgult <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> võrgule <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"mobiilne andmeside"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"WiFi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"tundmatu võrgutüüp"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-eu/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-eu/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c4e431
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-eu/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Sistemaren konexio-baliabideak"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Hasi saioa Wi-Fi sarean"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Hasi saioa sarean"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"Ezin da konektatu Internetera <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> sarearen bidez"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Sakatu aukerak ikusteko"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Sare mugikorra ezin da konektatu Internetera"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Sarea ezin da konektatu Internetera"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Ezin da atzitu DNS zerbitzari pribatua"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> sareak konektagarritasun murriztua du"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Sakatu hala ere konektatzeko"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g> erabiltzen ari zara orain"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> Internetera konektatzeko gauza ez denean, <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> erabiltzen du gailuak. Baliteke zerbait ordaindu behar izatea."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> erabiltzen ari zinen, baina <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> erabiltzen ari zara orain"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"datu-konexioa"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wifia"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth-a"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet-a"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPNa"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"sare mota ezezaguna"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-fa/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-fa/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..296ce8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-fa/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"منابع اتصال سیستم"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"‏ورود به شبکه Wi-Fi"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"ورود به سیستم شبکه"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> به اینترنت دسترسی ندارد"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"برای گزینه‌ها ضربه بزنید"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"شبکه تلفن همراه به اینترنت دسترسی ندارد"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"شبکه به اینترنت دسترسی ندارد"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"‏سرور DNS خصوصی قابل دسترسی نیست"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> اتصال محدودی دارد"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"به‌هرصورت، برای اتصال ضربه بزنید"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"به <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g> تغییر کرد"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"وقتی <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> به اینترنت دسترسی نداشته باشد، دستگاه از <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> استفاده می‌کند. ممکن است هزینه‌هایی اعمال شود."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"از <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> به <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> تغییر کرد"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"داده تلفن همراه"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"بلوتوث"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"اترنت"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"نوع شبکه نامشخص"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-fi/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-fi/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07d2907
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-fi/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Järjestelmän yhteysresurssit"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Kirjaudu Wi-Fi-verkkoon"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Kirjaudu verkkoon"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> ei ole yhteydessä internetiin"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Näytä vaihtoehdot napauttamalla."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobiiliverkko ei ole yhteydessä internetiin"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Verkko ei ole yhteydessä internetiin"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Ei pääsyä yksityiselle DNS-palvelimelle"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> toimii rajoitetulla yhteydellä"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Yhdistä napauttamalla"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g> otettiin käyttöön"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"<xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> otetaan käyttöön, kun <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> ei voi muodostaa yhteyttä internetiin. Veloitukset ovat mahdollisia."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> poistettiin käytöstä ja <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> otettiin käyttöön."</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"mobiilidata"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"tuntematon verkon tyyppi"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-fr-rCA/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-fr-rCA/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d5b366
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-fr-rCA/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Ressources de connectivité système"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Connectez-vous au réseau Wi-Fi"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Connectez-vous au réseau"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"Le réseau <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> n\'offre aucun accès à Internet"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Touchez pour afficher les options"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Le réseau cellulaire n\'offre aucun accès à Internet"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Le réseau n\'offre aucun accès à Internet"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Impossible d\'accéder au serveur DNS privé"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"Le réseau <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> offre une connectivité limitée"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Touchez pour vous connecter quand même"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Passé au réseau <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"L\'appareil utilise <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> quand <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> n\'a pas d\'accès à Internet. Des frais peuvent s\'appliquer."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Passé du réseau <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> au <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"données cellulaires"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"RPV"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"un type de réseau inconnu"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-fr/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-fr/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2331d9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-fr/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Ressources de connectivité système"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Connectez-vous au réseau Wi-Fi"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Se connecter au réseau"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"Aucune connexion à Internet pour <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Appuyez ici pour afficher des options."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Le réseau mobile ne dispose d\'aucun accès à Internet"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Le réseau ne dispose d\'aucun accès à Internet"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Impossible d\'accéder au serveur DNS privé"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"La connectivité de <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> est limitée"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Appuyer pour se connecter quand même"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Nouveau réseau : <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"L\'appareil utilise <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> lorsque <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> n\'a pas de connexion Internet. Des frais peuvent s\'appliquer."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Ancien réseau : <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g>. Nouveau réseau : <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"données mobiles"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"type de réseau inconnu"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-gl/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-gl/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f46f84b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-gl/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Recursos de conectividade do sistema"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Inicia sesión na rede wifi"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Inicia sesión na rede"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> non ten acceso a Internet"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Toca para ver opcións."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"A rede de telefonía móbil non ten acceso a Internet"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"A rede non ten acceso a Internet"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Non se puido acceder ao servidor DNS privado"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"A conectividade de <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> é limitada"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Toca para conectarte de todas formas"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Cambiouse a: <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"O dispositivo utiliza <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> cando <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> non ten acceso a Internet. Pódense aplicar cargos."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Cambiouse de <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> a <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"datos móbiles"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"wifi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"un tipo de rede descoñecido"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-gu/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-gu/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec9ecd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-gu/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"સિસ્ટમની કનેક્ટિવિટીનાં સાધનો"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"વાઇ-ફાઇ નેટવર્ક પર સાઇન ઇન કરો"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"નેટવર્ક પર સાઇન ઇન કરો"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> ઇન્ટરનેટ ઍક્સેસ ધરાવતું નથી"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"વિકલ્પો માટે ટૅપ કરો"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"મોબાઇલ નેટવર્ક કોઈ ઇન્ટરનેટ ઍક્સેસ ધરાવતું નથી"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"નેટવર્ક કોઈ ઇન્ટરનેટ ઍક્સેસ ધરાવતું નથી"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"ખાનગી DNS સર્વર ઍક્સેસ કરી શકાતા નથી"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> મર્યાદિત કનેક્ટિવિટી ધરાવે છે"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"છતાં કનેક્ટ કરવા માટે ટૅપ કરો"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g> પર સ્વિચ કર્યું"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"જ્યારે <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> પાસે કોઈ ઇન્ટરનેટ ઍક્સેસ ન હોય ત્યારે ઉપકરણ <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g>નો ઉપયોગ કરે છે. શુલ્ક લાગુ થઈ શકે છે."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> પરથી <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> પર સ્વિચ કર્યું"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"મોબાઇલ ડેટા"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"વાઇ-ફાઇ"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"બ્લૂટૂથ"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"ઇથરનેટ"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"કોઈ અજાણ્યો નેટવર્કનો પ્રકાર"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-hi/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-hi/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e3bc6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-hi/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"सिस्टम कनेक्टिविटी के संसाधन"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"वाई-फ़ाई  नेटवर्क में साइन इन करें"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"नेटवर्क में साइन इन करें"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> का इंटरनेट नहीं चल रहा है"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"विकल्पों के लिए टैप करें"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"मोबाइल नेटवर्क पर इंटरनेट ऐक्सेस नहीं है"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"इस नेटवर्क पर इंटरनेट ऐक्सेस नहीं है"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"निजी डीएनएस सर्वर को ऐक्सेस नहीं किया जा सकता"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> की कनेक्टिविटी सीमित है"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"फिर भी कनेक्ट करने के लिए टैप करें"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g> पर ले जाया गया"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> में इंटरनेट की सुविधा नहीं होने पर डिवाइस <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> का इस्तेमाल करता है. इसके लिए शुल्क लिया जा सकता है."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> से <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> पर ले जाया गया"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"मोबाइल डेटा"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"वाई-फ़ाई"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"ब्लूटूथ"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"ईथरनेट"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"वीपीएन"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"अज्ञात नेटवर्क टाइप"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-hr/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-hr/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a6de4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-hr/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Resursi za povezivost sustava"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Prijava na Wi-Fi mrežu"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Prijava na mrežu"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> nema pristup internetu"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Dodirnite za opcije"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobilna mreža nema pristup internetu"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Mreža nema pristup internetu"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Nije moguće pristupiti privatnom DNS poslužitelju"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> ima ograničenu povezivost"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Dodirnite da biste se ipak povezali"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Prelazak na drugu mrežu: <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"Kada <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> nema pristup internetu, na uređaju se upotrebljava <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g>. Moguća je naplata naknade."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Mreža je promijenjena: <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> &gt; <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"mobilni podaci"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"nepoznata vrsta mreže"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-hu/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-hu/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d39d30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-hu/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Rendszerkapcsolat erőforrásai"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Bejelentkezés Wi-Fi hálózatba"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Bejelentkezés a hálózatba"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"A(z) <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> hálózaton nincs internet-hozzáférés"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Koppintson a beállítások megjelenítéséhez"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"A mobilhálózaton nincs internet-hozzáférés"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"A hálózaton nincs internet-hozzáférés"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"A privát DNS-kiszolgálóhoz nem lehet hozzáférni"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"A(z) <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> hálózat korlátozott kapcsolatot biztosít"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Koppintson, ha mindenképpen csatlakozni szeretne"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Átváltva erre: <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"<xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> használata, ha nincs internet-hozzáférés <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>-kapcsolaton keresztül. A szolgáltató díjat számíthat fel."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Átváltva <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g>-hálózatról erre: <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"mobiladatok"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"ismeretlen hálózati típus"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-hy/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-hy/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..99386d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-hy/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"System Connectivity Resources"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Մուտք գործեք Wi-Fi ցանց"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Մուտք գործեք ցանց"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> ցանցը չունի մուտք ինտերնետին"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Հպեք՝ ընտրանքները տեսնելու համար"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Բջջային ցանցը չի ապահովում ինտերնետ կապ"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Ցանցը միացված չէ ինտերնետին"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Մասնավոր DNS սերվերն անհասանելի է"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> ցանցի կապը սահմանափակ է"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Հպեք՝ միանալու համար"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Անցել է <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g> ցանցի"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"Երբ <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> ցանցում ինտերնետ կապ չի լինում, սարքն անցնում է <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> ցանցի: Նման դեպքում կարող են վճարներ գանձվել:"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> ցանցից անցել է <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> ցանցի"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"բջջային ինտերնետ"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"ցանցի անհայտ տեսակ"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-in/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-in/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f47d257
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-in/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Resource Konektivitas Sistem"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Login ke jaringan Wi-Fi"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Login ke jaringan"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> tidak memiliki akses internet"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Ketuk untuk melihat opsi"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Jaringan seluler tidak memiliki akses internet"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Jaringan tidak memiliki akses internet"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Server DNS pribadi tidak dapat diakses"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> memiliki konektivitas terbatas"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Ketuk untuk tetap menyambungkan"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Dialihkan ke <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"Perangkat menggunakan <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> jika <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> tidak memiliki akses internet. Tarif mungkin berlaku."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Dialihkan dari <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> ke <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"data seluler"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"jenis jaringan yang tidak dikenal"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-is/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-is/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eeba231
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-is/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Tengigögn kerfis"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Skrá inn á Wi-Fi net"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Skrá inn á net"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> er ekki með internetaðgang"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Ýttu til að sjá valkosti"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Farsímakerfið er ekki tengt við internetið"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Netkerfið er ekki tengt við internetið"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Ekki næst í DNS-einkaþjón"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"Tengigeta <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> er takmörkuð"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Ýttu til að tengjast samt"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Skipt yfir á <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"Tækið notar <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> þegar <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> er ekki með internetaðgang. Gjöld kunna að eiga við."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Skipt úr <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> yfir í <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"farsímagögn"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"óþekkt tegund netkerfis"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-it/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-it/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec3ff8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-it/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Risorse per connettività di sistema"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Accedi a rete Wi-Fi"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Accedi alla rete"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> non ha accesso a Internet"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Tocca per le opzioni"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"La rete mobile non ha accesso a Internet"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"La rete non ha accesso a Internet"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Non è possibile accedere al server DNS privato"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> ha una connettività limitata"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Tocca per connettere comunque"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Passato a <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"Il dispositivo utilizza <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> quando <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> non ha accesso a Internet. Potrebbero essere applicati costi."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Passato da <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> a <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"dati mobili"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"tipo di rete sconosciuto"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-iw/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-iw/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d123ebb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-iw/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"משאבי קישוריות מערכת"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"‏היכנס לרשת Wi-Fi"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"היכנס לרשת"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"ל-<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> אין גישה לאינטרנט"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"הקש לקבלת אפשרויות"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"לרשת הסלולרית אין גישה לאינטרנט"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"לרשת אין גישה לאינטרנט"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"‏לא ניתן לגשת לשרת DNS הפרטי"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"הקישוריות של <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> מוגבלת"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"כדי להתחבר למרות זאת יש להקיש"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"מעבר אל <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"המכשיר משתמש ברשת <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> כשלרשת <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> אין גישה לאינטרנט. עשויים לחול חיובים."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"עבר מרשת <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> לרשת <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"חבילת גלישה"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"אתרנט"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"סוג רשת לא מזוהה"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ja/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ja/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7bb6f85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ja/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"システム接続リソース"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Wi-Fiネットワークにログイン"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"ネットワークにログインしてください"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> はインターネットにアクセスできません"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"タップしてその他のオプションを表示"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"モバイル ネットワークがインターネットに接続されていません"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"ネットワークがインターネットに接続されていません"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"プライベート DNS サーバーにアクセスできません"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> の接続が制限されています"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"接続するにはタップしてください"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"「<xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>」に切り替えました"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"デバイスで「<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>」によるインターネット接続ができない場合に「<xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g>」を使用します。通信料が発生することがあります。"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"「<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g>」から「<xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>」に切り替えました"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"モバイルデータ"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"イーサネット"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"不明なネットワーク タイプ"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ka/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ka/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f42c567
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ka/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"სისტემის კავშირის რესურსები"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Wi-Fi ქსელთან დაკავშირება"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"ქსელში შესვლა"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g>-ს არ აქვს ინტერნეტზე წვდომა"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"შეეხეთ ვარიანტების სანახავად"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"მობილურ ქსელს არ აქვს ინტერნეტზე წვდომა"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"ქსელს არ აქვს ინტერნეტზე წვდომა"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"პირად DNS სერვერზე წვდომა შეუძლებელია"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g>-ის კავშირები შეზღუდულია"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"შეეხეთ, თუ მაინც გსურთ დაკავშირება"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"ახლა გამოიყენება <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"თუ <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> ინტერნეტთან კავშირს დაკარგავს, მოწყობილობის მიერ <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> იქნება გამოყენებული, რამაც შეიძლება დამატებითი ხარჯები გამოიწვიოს."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"ახლა გამოიყენება <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> (გამოიყენებოდა <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>)"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"მობილური ინტერნეტი"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"უცნობი ტიპის ქსელი"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-kk/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-kk/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..00c0f39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-kk/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Жүйе байланысы ресурстары"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Wi-Fi желісіне кіру"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Желіге кіру"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> желісінің интернетті пайдалану мүмкіндігі шектеулі."</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Опциялар үшін түртіңіз"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Мобильдік желі интернетке қосылмаған."</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Желі интернетке қосылмаған."</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Жеке DNS серверіне кіру мүмкін емес."</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> желісінің қосылу мүмкіндігі шектеулі."</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Бәрібір жалғау үшін түртіңіз."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g> желісіне ауысты"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"Құрылғы <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> желісінде интернетпен байланыс жоғалған жағдайда <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> желісін пайдаланады. Деректер ақысы алынуы мүмкін."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> желісінен <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> желісіне ауысты"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"мобильдік деректер"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"желі түрі белгісіз"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-km/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-km/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa06c5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-km/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"ធនធាន​តភ្ជាប់​ប្រព័ន្ធ"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"ចូល​បណ្ដាញ​វ៉ាយហ្វាយ"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"ចូលទៅបណ្តាញ"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> មិនមាន​ការតភ្ជាប់អ៊ីនធឺណិត​ទេ"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"ប៉ះសម្រាប់ជម្រើស"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"បណ្ដាញ​ទូរសព្ទ​ចល័ត​មិនមានការតភ្ជាប់​អ៊ីនធឺណិតទេ"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"បណ្ដាញ​មិនមាន​ការតភ្ជាប់​អ៊ីនធឺណិតទេ"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"មិនអាច​ចូលប្រើ​ម៉ាស៊ីនមេ DNS ឯកជន​បានទេ"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> មានការតភ្ជាប់​មានកម្រិត"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"មិន​អី​ទេ ចុច​​ភ្ជាប់​ចុះ"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"បានប្តូរទៅ <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"ឧបករណ៍​ប្រើ <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> នៅ​ពេល​ដែល <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> មិនមាន​ការ​តភ្ជាប់​អ៊ីនធឺណិត។ អាច​គិតថ្លៃ​លើការ​ប្រើប្រាស់​ទិន្នន័យ។"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"បានប្តូរពី <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> ទៅ <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"ទិន្នន័យ​ទូរសព្ទចល័ត"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"ប៊្លូធូស"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"អ៊ីសឺរណិត"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"ប្រភេទបណ្តាញដែលមិនស្គាល់"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-kn/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-kn/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cde8fac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-kn/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"ಸಿಸ್ಟಂ ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ಕಲ್ಪಿಸುವಿಕೆ ಮಾಹಿತಿಯ ಮೂಲಗಳು"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"ವೈ-ಫೈ ನೆಟ್‍ವರ್ಕ್‌ಗೆ ಸೈನ್ ಇನ್ ಮಾಡಿ"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"ನೆಟ್‌ವರ್ಕ್‌ಗೆ ಸೈನ್ ಇನ್ ಮಾಡಿ"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> ಯಾವುದೇ ಇಂಟರ್ನೆಟ್ ಸಂಪರ್ಕವನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿಲ್ಲ"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"ಆಯ್ಕೆಗಳಿಗೆ ಟ್ಯಾಪ್ ಮಾಡಿ"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"ಮೊಬೈಲ್ ನೆಟ್‌ವರ್ಕ್‌ ಯಾವುದೇ ಇಂಟರ್ನೆಟ್ ಪ್ರವೇಶವನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿಲ್ಲ"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"ನೆಟ್‌ವರ್ಕ್‌ ಇಂಟರ್ನೆಟ್‌ ಪ್ರವೇಶವನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿಲ್ಲ"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"ಖಾಸಗಿ DNS ಸರ್ವರ್ ಅನ್ನು ಪ್ರವೇಶಿಸಲು ಸಾಧ್ಯವಿಲ್ಲ"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> ಸೀಮಿತ ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ಕಲ್ಪಿಸುವಿಕೆಯನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿದೆ"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"ಹೇಗಾದರೂ ಸಂಪರ್ಕಿಸಲು ಟ್ಯಾಪ್ ಮಾಡಿ"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g> ಗೆ ಬದಲಾಯಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> ಇಂಟರ್ನೆಟ್ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ಹೊಂದಿಲ್ಲದಿರುವಾಗ, ಸಾಧನವು <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> ಬಳಸುತ್ತದೆ. ಶುಲ್ಕಗಳು ಅನ್ವಯವಾಗಬಹುದು."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> ರಿಂದ <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> ಗೆ ಬದಲಾಯಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"ಮೊಬೈಲ್ ಡೇಟಾ"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"ವೈ-ಫೈ"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"ಬ್ಲೂಟೂತ್"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"ಇಥರ್ನೆಟ್"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"ಅಪರಿಚಿತ ನೆಟ್‌ವರ್ಕ್ ಪ್ರಕಾರ"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ko/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ko/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eef59a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ko/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"시스템 연결 리소스"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Wi-Fi 네트워크에 로그인"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"네트워크에 로그인"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g>이(가) 인터넷에 액세스할 수 없습니다."</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"탭하여 옵션 보기"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"모바일 네트워크에 인터넷이 연결되어 있지 않습니다."</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"네트워크에 인터넷이 연결되어 있지 않습니다."</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"비공개 DNS 서버에 액세스할 수 없습니다."</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g>에서 연결을 제한했습니다."</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"계속 연결하려면 탭하세요."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>(으)로 전환"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>(으)로 인터넷에 연결할 수 없는 경우 기기에서 <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g>이(가) 사용됩니다. 요금이 부과될 수 있습니다."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g>에서 <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>(으)로 전환"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"모바일 데이터"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"블루투스"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"이더넷"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"알 수 없는 네트워크 유형"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ky/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ky/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0027c8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ky/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Системанын байланыш булагы"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Wi-Fi түйүнүнө кирүү"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Тармакка кирүү"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> Интернетке туташуусу жок"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Параметрлерди ачуу үчүн таптап коюңуз"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Мобилдик Интернет жок"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Тармактын Интернет жок"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Жеке DNS сервери жеткиликсиз"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> байланышы чектелген"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Баары бир туташуу үчүн таптаңыз"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g> тармагына которуштурулду"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> тармагы Интернетке туташпай турганда, түзмөгүңүз <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> тармагын колдонот. Акы алынышы мүмкүн."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> дегенден <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> тармагына которуштурулду"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"мобилдик трафик"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi‑Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"белгисиз тармак түрү"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-lo/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-lo/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..64419f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-lo/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"ແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນການເຊື່ອມຕໍ່ລະບົບ"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"ເຂົ້າສູ່ລະບົບເຄືອຂ່າຍ Wi-Fi"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"ລົງຊື່ເຂົ້າເຄືອຂ່າຍ"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> ບໍ່ມີການເຊື່ອມຕໍ່ອິນເຕີເນັດ"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"ແຕະເພື່ອເບິ່ງຕົວເລືອກ"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"ເຄືອຂ່າຍມືຖືບໍ່ສາມາດເຂົ້າເຖິງອິນເຕີເນັດໄດ້"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"ເຄືອຂ່າຍບໍ່ສາມາດເຂົ້າເຖິງອິນເຕີເນັດໄດ້"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"ບໍ່ສາມາດເຂົ້າເຖິງເຊີບເວີ DNS ສ່ວນຕົວໄດ້"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> ມີການເຊື່ອມຕໍ່ທີ່ຈຳກັດ"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"ແຕະເພື່ອຢືນຢັນການເຊື່ອມຕໍ່"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"ສະຫຼັບໄປໃຊ້ <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g> ແລ້ວ"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"ອຸປະກອນຈະໃຊ້ <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> ເມື່ອ <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> ບໍ່ມີການເຊື່ອມຕໍ່ອິນເຕີເນັດ. ອາດມີການຮຽກເກັບຄ່າບໍລິການ."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"ສະຫຼັບຈາກ <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> ໄປໃຊ້ <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> ແລ້ວ"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"ອິນເຕີເນັດມືຖື"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"ອີເທີເນັດ"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"ບໍ່ຮູ້ຈັກປະເພດເຄືອຂ່າຍ"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-lt/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-lt/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f73f142
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-lt/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"System Connectivity Resources"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Prisijungti prie „Wi-Fi“ tinklo"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Prisijungti prie tinklo"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"„<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g>“ negali pasiekti interneto"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Palieskite, kad būtų rodomos parinktys."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobiliojo ryšio tinkle nėra prieigos prie interneto"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Tinkle nėra prieigos prie interneto"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Privataus DNS serverio negalima pasiekti"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"„<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g>“ ryšys apribotas"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Palieskite, jei vis tiek norite prisijungti"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Perjungta į tinklą <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"Įrenginyje naudojamas kitas tinklas (<xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g>), kai dabartiniame tinkle (<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>) nėra interneto ryšio. Gali būti taikomi mokesčiai."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Perjungta iš tinklo <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> į tinklą <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"mobiliojo ryšio duomenys"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Eternetas"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"nežinomas tinklo tipas"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-lv/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-lv/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce063a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-lv/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Sistēmas savienojamības resursi"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Pierakstieties Wi-Fi tīklā"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Pierakstīšanās tīklā"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"Tīklā <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> nav piekļuves internetam"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Pieskarieties, lai skatītu opcijas."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobilajā tīklā nav piekļuves internetam."</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Tīklā nav piekļuves internetam."</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Nevar piekļūt privātam DNS serverim."</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"Tīklā <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> ir ierobežota savienojamība"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Lai tik un tā izveidotu savienojumu, pieskarieties"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Pārslēdzās uz tīklu <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"Kad vienā tīklā (<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>) nav piekļuves internetam, ierīcē tiek izmantots cits tīkls (<xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g>). Var tikt piemērota maksa."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Pārslēdzās no tīkla <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> uz tīklu <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"mobilie dati"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"nezināms tīkla veids"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-mcc204-mnc04/config.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-mcc204-mnc04/config.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e7025f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-mcc204-mnc04/config.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!--
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+  -->
+
+<!-- Configuration values for ConnectivityService
+     DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE for specific device configuration; instead, use a Runtime Resources
+     Overlay package following the overlayable.xml configuration in the same directory:
+     https://source.android.com/devices/architecture/rros -->
+<resources>
+    <!-- Whether the device should automatically switch away from Wi-Fi networks that lose
+         Internet access. Actual device behaviour is controlled by
+         Settings.Global.NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI. This is the default value of that setting. -->
+    <integer translatable="false" name="config_networkAvoidBadWifi">0</integer>
+</resources>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-mcc310-mnc004/config.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-mcc310-mnc004/config.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e7025f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-mcc310-mnc004/config.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!--
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+  -->
+
+<!-- Configuration values for ConnectivityService
+     DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE for specific device configuration; instead, use a Runtime Resources
+     Overlay package following the overlayable.xml configuration in the same directory:
+     https://source.android.com/devices/architecture/rros -->
+<resources>
+    <!-- Whether the device should automatically switch away from Wi-Fi networks that lose
+         Internet access. Actual device behaviour is controlled by
+         Settings.Global.NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI. This is the default value of that setting. -->
+    <integer translatable="false" name="config_networkAvoidBadWifi">0</integer>
+</resources>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-mcc311-mnc480/config.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-mcc311-mnc480/config.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e7025f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-mcc311-mnc480/config.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!--
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+  -->
+
+<!-- Configuration values for ConnectivityService
+     DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE for specific device configuration; instead, use a Runtime Resources
+     Overlay package following the overlayable.xml configuration in the same directory:
+     https://source.android.com/devices/architecture/rros -->
+<resources>
+    <!-- Whether the device should automatically switch away from Wi-Fi networks that lose
+         Internet access. Actual device behaviour is controlled by
+         Settings.Global.NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI. This is the default value of that setting. -->
+    <integer translatable="false" name="config_networkAvoidBadWifi">0</integer>
+</resources>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-mk/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-mk/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb105e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-mk/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"System Connectivity Resources"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Најавете се на мрежа на Wi-Fi"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Најавете се на мрежа"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> нема интернет-пристап"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Допрете за опции"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Мобилната мрежа нема интернет-пристап"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Мрежата нема интернет-пристап"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Не може да се пристапи до приватниот DNS-сервер"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> има ограничена поврзливост"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Допрете за да се поврзете и покрај тоа"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Префрлено на <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"Уредот користи <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> кога <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> нема пристап до интернет. Може да се наплатат трошоци."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Префрлено од <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> на <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"мобилен интернет"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Етернет"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"непознат тип мрежа"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ml/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ml/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a51238
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ml/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"സിസ്‌റ്റം കണക്‌റ്റിവിറ്റി ഉറവിടങ്ങൾ"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"വൈഫൈ നെറ്റ്‌വർക്കിലേക്ക് സൈൻ ഇൻ ചെയ്യുക"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"നെറ്റ്‌വർക്കിലേക്ക് സൈൻ ഇൻ ചെയ്യുക"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> എന്നതിന് ഇന്റർനെറ്റ് ആക്‌സസ് ഇല്ല"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"ഓപ്ഷനുകൾക്ക് ടാപ്പുചെയ്യുക"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"മൊബെെൽ നെറ്റ്‌വർക്കിന് ഇന്റർനെറ്റ് ആക്‌സസ് ഇല്ല"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"നെറ്റ്‌വർക്കിന് ഇന്റർനെറ്റ് ആക്‌സസ് ഇല്ല"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"സ്വകാര്യ DNS സെർവർ ആക്‌സസ് ചെയ്യാനാവില്ല"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> എന്നതിന് പരിമിതമായ കണക്റ്റിവിറ്റി ഉണ്ട്"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"ഏതുവിധേനയും കണക്‌റ്റ് ചെയ്യാൻ ടാപ്പ് ചെയ്യുക"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g> എന്നതിലേക്ക് മാറി"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>-ന് ഇന്റർനെറ്റ് ആക്‌സസ് ഇല്ലാത്തപ്പോൾ ഉപകരണം <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നു. നിരക്കുകൾ ബാധകമായേക്കാം."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> നെറ്റ്‌വർക്കിൽ നിന്ന് <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> നെറ്റ്‌വർക്കിലേക്ക് മാറി"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"മൊബൈൽ ഡാറ്റ"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"വൈഫൈ"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"ഇതർനെറ്റ്"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"അജ്ഞാതമായ നെറ്റ്‌വർക്ക് തരം"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-mn/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-mn/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8372533
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-mn/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Системийн холболтын нөөцүүд"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Wi-Fi сүлжээнд нэвтэрнэ үү"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Сүлжээнд нэвтэрнэ үү"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g>-д интернэтийн хандалт алга"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Сонголт хийхийн тулд товшино уу"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Мобайл сүлжээнд интернэт хандалт байхгүй байна"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Сүлжээнд интернэт хандалт байхгүй байна"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Хувийн DNS серверт хандах боломжгүй байна"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> зарим үйлчилгээнд хандах боломжгүй байна"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Ямар ч тохиолдолд холбогдохын тулд товших"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g> руу шилжүүлсэн"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> интернет холболтгүй үед төхөөрөмж <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g>-г ашигладаг. Төлбөр гарч болзошгүй."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g>-с <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> руу шилжүүлсэн"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"мобайл дата"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Этернэт"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"үл мэдэгдэх сүлжээний төрөл"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-mr/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-mr/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..658b19b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-mr/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"सिस्टम कनेक्टिव्हिटी चे स्रोत"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"वाय-फाय नेटवर्कमध्‍ये साइन इन करा"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"नेटवर्कवर साइन इन करा"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> ला इंटरनेट अ‍ॅक्सेस नाही"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"पर्यायांसाठी टॅप करा"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"मोबाइल नेटवर्कला इंटरनेट ॲक्सेस नाही"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"नेटवर्कला इंटरनेट ॲक्सेस नाही"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"खाजगी DNS सर्व्हर ॲक्सेस करू शकत नाही"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> ला मर्यादित कनेक्टिव्हिटी आहे"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"तरीही कनेक्ट करण्यासाठी टॅप करा"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g> वर स्विच केले"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> कडे इंटरनेटचा अ‍ॅक्सेस नसताना डिव्हाइस <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> वापरते. शुल्क लागू शकते."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> वरून <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> वर स्विच केले"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"मोबाइल डेटा"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"वाय-फाय"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"ब्लूटूथ"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"इथरनेट"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"अज्ञात नेटवर्क प्रकार"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ms/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ms/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..84b242c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ms/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Sumber Kesambungan Sistem"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Log masuk ke rangkaian Wi-Fi"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Log masuk ke rangkaian"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> tiada akses Internet"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Ketik untuk mendapatkan pilihan"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Rangkaian mudah alih tiada akses Internet"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Rangkaian tiada akses Internet"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Pelayan DNS peribadi tidak boleh diakses"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> mempunyai kesambungan terhad"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Ketik untuk menyambung juga"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Beralih kepada <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"Peranti menggunakan <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> apabila <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> tiada akses Internet. Bayaran mungkin dikenakan."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Beralih daripada <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> kepada <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"data mudah alih"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"jenis rangkaian tidak diketahui"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-my/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-my/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6832263
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-my/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"စနစ်ချိတ်ဆက်နိုင်မှု ရင်းမြစ်များ"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"ဝိုင်ဖိုင်ကွန်ရက်သို့ လက်မှတ်ထိုးဝင်ပါ"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"ကွန်ယက်သို့ လက်မှတ်ထိုးဝင်ရန်"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> တွင် အင်တာနက်အသုံးပြုခွင့် မရှိပါ"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"အခြားရွေးချယ်စရာများကိုကြည့်ရန် တို့ပါ"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"မိုဘိုင်းကွန်ရက်တွင် အင်တာနက်ချိတ်ဆက်မှု မရှိပါ"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"ကွန်ရက်တွင် အင်တာနက်အသုံးပြုခွင့် မရှိပါ"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"သီးသန့် ဒီအန်အက်စ် (DNS) ဆာဗာကို သုံး၍မရပါ။"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> တွင် ချိတ်ဆက်မှုကို ကန့်သတ်ထားသည်"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"မည်သို့ပင်ဖြစ်စေ ချိတ်ဆက်ရန် တို့ပါ"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g> သို့ ပြောင်းလိုက်ပြီ"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> ဖြင့် အင်တာနက် အသုံးမပြုနိုင်သည့်အချိန်တွင် စက်ပစ္စည်းသည် <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> ကို သုံးပါသည်။ ဒေတာသုံးစွဲခ ကျသင့်နိုင်ပါသည်။"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> မှ <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> သို့ ပြောင်းလိုက်ပြီ"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"မိုဘိုင်းဒေတာ"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"ဘလူးတုသ်"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"အီသာနက်"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"အမည်မသိကွန်ရက်အမျိုးအစား"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-nb/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-nb/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..00a0728
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-nb/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Ressurser for systemtilkobling"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Logg på Wi-Fi-nettverket"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Logg på nettverk"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> har ingen internettilkobling"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Trykk for å få alternativer"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobilnettverket har ingen internettilgang"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Nettverket har ingen internettilgang"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Den private DNS-tjeneren kan ikke nås"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> har begrenset tilkobling"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Trykk for å koble til likevel"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Byttet til <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"Enheten bruker <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> når <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> ikke har Internett-tilgang. Avgifter kan påløpe."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Byttet fra <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> til <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"mobildata"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"en ukjent nettverkstype"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ne/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ne/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2eaf162
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ne/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"सिस्टम कनेक्टिभिटीका स्रोतहरू"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Wi-Fi नेटवर्कमा साइन इन गर्नुहोस्"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"सञ्जालमा साइन इन गर्नुहोस्"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> को इन्टरनेटमाथि पहुँच छैन"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"विकल्पहरूका लागि ट्याप गर्नुहोस्"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"मोबाइल नेटवर्कको इन्टरनेटमाथि पहुँच छैन"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"नेटवर्कको इन्टरनेटमाथि पहुँच छैन"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"निजी DNS सर्भरमाथि पहुँच प्राप्त गर्न सकिँदैन"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> को जडान सीमित छ"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"जसरी भए पनि जडान गर्न ट्याप गर्नुहोस्"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g> मा बदल्नुहोस्"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> मार्फत इन्टरनेटमाथि पहुँच राख्न नसकेको अवस्थामा यन्त्रले <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> प्रयोग गर्दछ। शुल्क लाग्न सक्छ।"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> बाट <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> मा परिवर्तन गरियो"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"मोबाइल डेटा"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"ब्लुटुथ"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"इथरनेट"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"नेटवर्कको कुनै अज्ञात प्रकार"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-nl/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-nl/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..394c552
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-nl/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Resources voor systeemconnectiviteit"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Inloggen bij wifi-netwerk"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Inloggen bij netwerk"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> heeft geen internettoegang"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Tik voor opties"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobiel netwerk heeft geen internettoegang"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Netwerk heeft geen internettoegang"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Geen toegang tot privé-DNS-server"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> heeft beperkte connectiviteit"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Tik om toch verbinding te maken"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Overgeschakeld naar <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"Apparaat gebruikt <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> wanneer <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> geen internetverbinding heeft. Er kunnen kosten in rekening worden gebracht."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Overgeschakeld van <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> naar <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"mobiele data"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wifi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"een onbekend netwerktype"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-or/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-or/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b85884
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-or/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"ସିଷ୍ଟମର ସଂଯୋଗ ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧିତ ରିସୋର୍ସଗୁଡ଼ିକ"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"ୱାଇ-ଫାଇ ନେଟୱର୍କରେ ସାଇନ୍‍-ଇନ୍‍ କରନ୍ତୁ"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"ନେଟ୍‌ୱର୍କରେ ସାଇନ୍‍ ଇନ୍‍ କରନ୍ତୁ"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g>ର ଇଣ୍ଟର୍ନେଟ୍ ଆକ୍ସେସ୍ ନାହିଁ"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"ବିକଳ୍ପ ପାଇଁ ଟାପ୍‍ କରନ୍ତୁ"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"ମୋବାଇଲ୍ ନେଟ୍‌ୱାର୍କରେ ଇଣ୍ଟର୍ନେଟ୍ ଆକ୍ସେସ୍ ନାହିଁ"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"ନେଟ୍‌ୱାର୍କରେ ଇଣ୍ଟର୍ନେଟ୍ ଆକ୍ସେସ୍ ନାହିଁ"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଗତ DNS ସର୍ଭର୍ ଆକ୍ସେସ୍ କରିହେବ ନାହିଁ"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g>ର ସୀମିତ ସଂଯୋଗ ଅଛି"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"ତଥାପି ଯୋଗାଯୋଗ କରିବାକୁ ଟାପ୍ କରନ୍ତୁ"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>କୁ ବଦଳାଗଲା"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>ର ଇଣ୍ଟରନେଟ୍‍ ଆକ୍ସେସ୍ ନଥିବାବେଳେ ଡିଭାଇସ୍‍ <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> ବ୍ୟବହାର କରିଥାଏ। ଶୁଳ୍କ ଲାଗୁ ହୋଇପାରେ।"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> ରୁ <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>କୁ ବଦଳାଗଲା"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"ମୋବାଇଲ ଡାଟା"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"ୱାଇ-ଫାଇ"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"ବ୍ଲୁଟୁଥ୍"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"ଇଥରନେଟ୍"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"ଏକ ଅଜଣା ନେଟୱାର୍କ ପ୍ରକାର"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-pa/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-pa/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f71cac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-pa/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"ਸਿਸਟਮ ਕਨੈਕਟੀਵਿਟੀ ਸਰੋਤ"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"ਵਾਈ-ਫਾਈ ਨੈੱਟਵਰਕ \'ਤੇ ਸਾਈਨ-ਇਨ ਕਰੋ"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"ਨੈੱਟਵਰਕ \'ਤੇ ਸਾਈਨ-ਇਨ ਕਰੋ"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> ਕੋਲ ਇੰਟਰਨੈੱਟ ਪਹੁੰਚ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"ਵਿਕਲਪਾਂ ਲਈ ਟੈਪ ਕਰੋ"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"ਮੋਬਾਈਲ ਨੈੱਟਵਰਕ ਕੋਲ ਇੰਟਰਨੈੱਟ ਤੱਕ ਪਹੁੰਚ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"ਨੈੱਟਵਰਕ ਕੋਲ ਇੰਟਰਨੈੱਟ ਤੱਕ ਪਹੁੰਚ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"ਨਿੱਜੀ ਡੋਮੇਨ ਨਾਮ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀ (DNS) ਸਰਵਰ \'ਤੇ ਪਹੁੰਚ ਨਹੀਂ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾ ਸਕੀ"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> ਕੋਲ ਸੀਮਤ ਕਨੈਕਟੀਵਿਟੀ ਹੈ"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"ਫਿਰ ਵੀ ਕਨੈਕਟ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਟੈਪ ਕਰੋ"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"ਬਦਲਕੇ <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g> ਲਿਆਂਦਾ ਗਿਆ"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> ਦੀ ਇੰਟਰਨੈੱਟ \'ਤੇ ਪਹੁੰਚ ਨਾ ਹੋਣ \'ਤੇ ਡੀਵਾਈਸ <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਖਰਚੇ ਲਾਗੂ ਹੋ ਸਕਦੇ ਹਨ।"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> ਤੋਂ ਬਦਲਕੇ <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> \'ਤੇ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"ਮੋਬਾਈਲ ਡਾਟਾ"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"ਵਾਈ-ਫਾਈ"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"ਬਲੂਟੁੱਥ"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"ਈਥਰਨੈੱਟ"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"ਕੋਈ ਅਗਿਆਤ ਨੈੱਟਵਰਕ ਦੀ ਕਿਸਮ"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-pl/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-pl/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc84e29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-pl/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Zasoby systemowe dotyczące łączności"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Zaloguj się w sieci Wi-Fi"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Zaloguj się do sieci"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> nie ma dostępu do internetu"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Kliknij, by wyświetlić opcje"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Sieć komórkowa nie ma dostępu do internetu"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Sieć nie ma dostępu do internetu"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Brak dostępu do prywatnego serwera DNS"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> ma ograniczoną łączność"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Kliknij, by mimo to nawiązać połączenie"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Zmieniono na połączenie typu <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"Urządzenie korzysta z połączenia typu <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g>, gdy <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> nie dostępu do internetu. Mogą zostać naliczone opłaty."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Przełączono z połączenia typu <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> na <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>."</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"mobilna transmisja danych"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"nieznany typ sieci"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-pt-rBR/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-pt-rBR/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c15a76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-pt-rBR/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Recursos de conectividade do sistema"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Fazer login na rede Wi-Fi"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Fazer login na rede"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> não tem acesso à Internet"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Toque para ver opções"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"A rede móvel não tem acesso à Internet"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"A rede não tem acesso à Internet"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Não é possível acessar o servidor DNS privado"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> tem conectividade limitada"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Toque para conectar mesmo assim"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Alternado para <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"O dispositivo usa <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> quando <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> não tem acesso à Internet. Esse serviço pode ser cobrado."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Alternado de <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> para <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"dados móveis"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"um tipo de rede desconhecido"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-pt-rPT/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-pt-rPT/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..48dde75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-pt-rPT/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Recursos de conetividade do sistema"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Iniciar sessão na rede Wi-Fi"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Início de sessão na rede"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> não tem acesso à Internet"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Toque para obter mais opções"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"A rede móvel não tem acesso à Internet"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"A rede não tem acesso à Internet"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Não é possível aceder ao servidor DNS."</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> tem conetividade limitada."</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Toque para ligar mesmo assim."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Mudou para <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"O dispositivo utiliza <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> quando <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> não tem acesso à Internet. Podem aplicar-se custos."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Mudou de <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> para <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"dados móveis"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"um tipo de rede desconhecido"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-pt/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-pt/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c15a76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-pt/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Recursos de conectividade do sistema"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Fazer login na rede Wi-Fi"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Fazer login na rede"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> não tem acesso à Internet"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Toque para ver opções"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"A rede móvel não tem acesso à Internet"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"A rede não tem acesso à Internet"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Não é possível acessar o servidor DNS privado"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> tem conectividade limitada"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Toque para conectar mesmo assim"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Alternado para <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"O dispositivo usa <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> quando <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> não tem acesso à Internet. Esse serviço pode ser cobrado."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Alternado de <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> para <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"dados móveis"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"um tipo de rede desconhecido"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ro/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ro/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa5848f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ro/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Resurse pentru conectivitatea sistemului"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Conectați-vă la rețeaua Wi-Fi"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Conectați-vă la rețea"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> nu are acces la internet"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Atingeți pentru opțiuni"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Rețeaua mobilă nu are acces la internet"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Rețeaua nu are acces la internet"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Serverul DNS privat nu poate fi accesat"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> are conectivitate limitată"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Atingeți pentru a vă conecta oricum"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"S-a comutat la <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"Dispozitivul folosește <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> când <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> nu are acces la internet. Se pot aplica taxe."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"S-a comutat de la <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> la <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"date mobile"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"un tip de rețea necunoscut"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ru/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ru/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e074ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ru/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"System Connectivity Resources"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Подключение к Wi-Fi"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Регистрация в сети"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"Сеть \"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g>\" не подключена к Интернету"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Нажмите, чтобы показать варианты."</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Мобильная сеть не подключена к Интернету"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Сеть не подключена к Интернету"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Доступа к частному DNS-серверу нет."</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"Подключение к сети \"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g>\" ограничено"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Нажмите, чтобы подключиться"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Новое подключение: <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"Устройство использует <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g>, если подключение к сети <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> недоступно. Может взиматься плата за передачу данных."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Устройство отключено от сети <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> и теперь использует <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"мобильный интернет"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"неизвестный тип сети"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-si/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-si/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4f720a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-si/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"පද්ධති සබැඳුම් හැකියා සම්පත්"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Wi-Fi ජාලයට පුරනය වන්න"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"ජාලයට පුරනය වන්න"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> හට අන්තර්ජාල ප්‍රවේශය නැත"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"විකල්ප සඳහා තට්ටු කරන්න"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"ජංගම ජාලවලට අන්තර්ජාල ප්‍රවේශය නැත"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"ජාලයට අන්තර්ජාල ප්‍රවේශය නැත"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"පුද්ගලික DNS සේවාදායකයට ප්‍රවේශ වීමට නොහැකිය"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> හට සීමිත සබැඳුම් හැකියාවක් ඇත"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"කෙසේ වෙතත් ඉදිරියට යාමට තට්ටු කරන්න"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g> වෙත මාරු විය"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"උපාංගය <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> සඳහා අන්තර්ජාල ප්‍රවේශය නැති විට භාවිත කරයි. ගාස්තු අදාළ විය හැකිය."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> සිට <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> වෙත මාරු විය"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"ජංගම දත්ත"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"බ්ලූටූත්"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"ඊතර්නෙට්"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"නොදන්නා ජාල වර්ගයකි"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sk/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sk/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..432b670
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sk/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Zdroje možností pripojenia systému"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Prihlásiť sa do siete Wi‑Fi"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Prihlásenie do siete"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> nemá prístup k internetu"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Klepnutím získate možnosti"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobilná sieť nemá prístup k internetu"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Sieť nemá prístup k internetu"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"K súkromnému serveru DNS sa nepodarilo získať prístup"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> má obmedzené pripojenie"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Ak sa chcete aj napriek tomu pripojiť, klepnite"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Prepnuté na sieť: <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"Keď <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> nemá prístup k internetu, zariadenie používa <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g>. Môžu sa účtovať poplatky."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Prepnuté zo siete <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> na sieť <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"mobilné dáta"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"neznámy typ siete"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sl/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sl/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b727614
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sl/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Viri povezljivosti sistema"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Prijavite se v omrežje Wi-Fi"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Prijava v omrežje"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"Omrežje <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> nima dostopa do interneta"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Dotaknite se za možnosti"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobilno omrežje nima dostopa do interneta"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Omrežje nima dostopa do interneta"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Do zasebnega strežnika DNS ni mogoče dostopati"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"Povezljivost omrežja <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> je omejena"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Dotaknite se, da kljub temu vzpostavite povezavo"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Preklopljeno na omrežje vrste <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"Naprava uporabi omrežje vrste <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g>, ko omrežje vrste <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> nima dostopa do interneta. Prenos podatkov se lahko zaračuna."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Preklopljeno z omrežja vrste <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> na omrežje vrste <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"prenos podatkov v mobilnem omrežju"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"neznana vrsta omrežja"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sq/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sq/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..385c75c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sq/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Burimet e lidhshmërisë së sistemit"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Identifikohu në rrjetin Wi-Fi"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Identifikohu në rrjet"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> nuk ka qasje në internet"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Trokit për opsionet"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Rrjeti celular nuk ka qasje në internet"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Rrjeti nuk ka qasje në internet"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Serveri privat DNS nuk mund të qaset"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> ka lidhshmëri të kufizuar"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Trokit për t\'u lidhur gjithsesi"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Kaloi te <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"Pajisja përdor <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> kur <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> nuk ka qasje në internet. Mund të zbatohen tarifa."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Kaloi nga <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> te <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"të dhënat celulare"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Eternet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"një lloj rrjeti i panjohur"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sr/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sr/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..928dc79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sr/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Ресурси за повезивање са системом"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Пријављивање на WiFi мрежу"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Пријавите се на мрежу"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> нема приступ интернету"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Додирните за опције"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Мобилна мрежа нема приступ интернету"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Мрежа нема приступ интернету"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Приступ приватном DNS серверу није успео"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> има ограничену везу"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Додирните да бисте се ипак повезали"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Прешли сте на тип мреже <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"Уређај користи тип мреже <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> када тип мреже <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> нема приступ интернету. Можда ће се наплаћивати трошкови."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Прешли сте са типа мреже <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> на тип мреже <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"мобилни подаци"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"WiFi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Етернет"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"непознат тип мреже"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sv/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sv/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d714124
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sv/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Resurser för systemanslutning"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Logga in på ett wifi-nätverk"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Logga in på nätverket"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> har ingen internetanslutning"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Tryck för alternativ"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobilnätverket har ingen internetanslutning"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Nätverket har ingen internetanslutning"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Det går inte att komma åt den privata DNS-servern."</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> har begränsad anslutning"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Tryck för att ansluta ändå"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Byte av nätverk till <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"<xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> används på enheten när det inte finns internetåtkomst via <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>. Avgifter kan tillkomma."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Byte av nätverk från <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> till <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"mobildata"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wifi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"en okänd nätverkstyp"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sw/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sw/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..15d6cab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sw/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Nyenzo za Muunganisho wa Mfumo"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Ingia kwa mtandao wa Wi-Fi"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Ingia katika mtandao"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> haina uwezo wa kufikia intaneti"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Gusa ili upate chaguo"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mtandao wa simu hauna uwezo wa kufikia intaneti"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Mtandao hauna uwezo wa kufikia intaneti"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Seva ya faragha ya DNS haiwezi kufikiwa"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> ina muunganisho unaofikia huduma chache."</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Gusa ili uunganishe tu"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Sasa inatumia <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"Kifaa hutumia <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> wakati <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> haina intaneti. Huenda ukalipishwa."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Imebadilisha mtandao kutoka <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> na sasa inatumia <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"data ya mtandao wa simu"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethaneti"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"aina ya mtandao isiyojulikana"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ta/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ta/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9850a35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ta/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"சிஸ்டம் இணைப்பு தகவல்கள்"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"வைஃபை நெட்வொர்க்கில் உள்நுழையவும்"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"நெட்வொர்க்கில் உள்நுழையவும்"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> நெட்வொர்க்கிற்கு இணைய அணுகல் இல்லை"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"விருப்பங்களுக்கு, தட்டவும்"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"மொபைல் நெட்வொர்க்கிற்கு இணைய அணுகல் இல்லை"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"நெட்வொர்க்கிற்கு இணைய அணுகல் இல்லை"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"தனிப்பட்ட DNS சேவையகத்தை அணுக இயலாது"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> வரம்பிற்கு உட்பட்ட இணைப்புநிலையைக் கொண்டுள்ளது"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"எப்படியேனும் இணைப்பதற்குத் தட்டவும்"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>க்கு மாற்றப்பட்டது"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> நெட்வொர்க்கில் இண்டர்நெட் அணுகல் இல்லாததால், சாதனமானது <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> நெட்வொர்க்கைப் பயன்படுத்துகிறது. கட்டணங்கள் விதிக்கப்படலாம்."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> இலிருந்து <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>க்கு மாற்றப்பட்டது"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"மொபைல் டேட்டா"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"வைஃபை"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"புளூடூத்"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"ஈதர்நெட்"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"தெரியாத நெட்வொர்க் வகை"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-te/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-te/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f7182a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-te/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"సిస్టమ్ కనెక్టివిటీ రిసోర్స్‌లు"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Wi-Fi నెట్‌వర్క్‌కి సైన్ ఇన్ చేయండి"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"నెట్‌వర్క్‌కి సైన్ ఇన్ చేయండి"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g>కి ఇంటర్నెట్ యాక్సెస్ లేదు"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"ఎంపికల కోసం నొక్కండి"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"మొబైల్ నెట్‌వర్క్‌కు ఇంటర్నెట్ యాక్సెస్ లేదు"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"నెట్‌వర్క్‌కు ఇంటర్నెట్ యాక్సెస్ లేదు"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"ప్రైవేట్ DNS సర్వర్‌ను యాక్సెస్ చేయడం సాధ్యపడదు"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> పరిమిత కనెక్టివిటీని కలిగి ఉంది"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"ఏదేమైనా కనెక్ట్ చేయడానికి నొక్కండి"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>కి మార్చబడింది"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"పరికరం <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>కి ఇంటర్నెట్ యాక్సెస్ లేనప్పుడు <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g>ని ఉపయోగిస్తుంది. ఛార్జీలు వర్తించవచ్చు."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> నుండి <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>కి మార్చబడింది"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"మొబైల్ డేటా"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"బ్లూటూత్"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"ఈథర్‌నెట్"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"తెలియని నెట్‌వర్క్ రకం"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-th/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-th/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7049309
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-th/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"ทรัพยากรการเชื่อมต่อของระบบ"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"ลงชื่อเข้าใช้เครือข่าย WiFi"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"ลงชื่อเข้าใช้เครือข่าย"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> เข้าถึงอินเทอร์เน็ตไม่ได้"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"แตะเพื่อดูตัวเลือก"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"เครือข่ายมือถือไม่มีการเข้าถึงอินเทอร์เน็ต"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"เครือข่ายไม่มีการเข้าถึงอินเทอร์เน็ต"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"เข้าถึงเซิร์ฟเวอร์ DNS ไม่ได้"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> มีการเชื่อมต่อจำกัด"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"แตะเพื่อเชื่อมต่อ"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"เปลี่ยนเป็น <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"อุปกรณ์จะใช้ <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> เมื่อ <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> เข้าถึงอินเทอร์เน็ตไม่ได้ โดยอาจมีค่าบริการ"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"เปลี่ยนจาก <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> เป็น <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"อินเทอร์เน็ตมือถือ"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"บลูทูธ"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"อีเทอร์เน็ต"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"ประเภทเครือข่ายที่ไม่รู้จัก"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-tl/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-tl/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c866fd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-tl/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Mga Resource ng Pagkakonekta ng System"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Mag-sign in sa Wi-Fi network"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Mag-sign in sa network"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"Walang access sa internet ang <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"I-tap para sa mga opsyon"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Walang access sa internet ang mobile network"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Walang access sa internet ang network"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Hindi ma-access ang pribadong DNS server"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"Limitado ang koneksyon ng <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"I-tap para kumonekta pa rin"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Lumipat sa <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"Ginagamit ng device ang <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> kapag walang access sa internet ang <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>. Maaaring may mga malapat na singilin."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Lumipat sa <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> mula sa <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"mobile data"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"isang hindi kilalang uri ng network"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-tr/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-tr/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c4930a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-tr/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Sistem Bağlantı Kaynakları"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Kablosuz ağda oturum açın"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Ağda oturum açın"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> ağının internet bağlantısı yok"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Seçenekler için dokunun"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobil ağın internet bağlantısı yok"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Ağın internet bağlantısı yok"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Gizli DNS sunucusuna erişilemiyor"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> sınırlı bağlantıya sahip"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Yine de bağlanmak için dokunun"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g> ağına geçildi"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> ağının internet erişimi olmadığında cihaz <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> ağını kullanır. Bunun için ödeme alınabilir."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> ağından <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> ağına geçildi"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"mobil veri"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Kablosuz"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"bilinmeyen ağ türü"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-uk/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-uk/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8811263
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-uk/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Ресурси для підключення системи"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Вхід у мережу Wi-Fi"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Вхід у мережу"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"Мережа <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> не має доступу до Інтернету"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Торкніться, щоб відкрити опції"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Мобільна мережа не має доступу до Інтернету"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Мережа не має доступу до Інтернету"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Немає доступу до приватного DNS-сервера"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"Підключення до мережі <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> обмежено"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Натисніть, щоб усе одно підключитися"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Пристрій перейшов на мережу <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"Коли мережа <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> не має доступу до Інтернету, використовується <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g>. Може стягуватися плата."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Пристрій перейшов з мережі <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> на мережу <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"мобільний Інтернет"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"невідомий тип мережі"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ur/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ur/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f9656c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ur/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"سسٹم کنیکٹوٹی کے وسائل"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"‏Wi-Fi نیٹ ورک میں سائن ان کریں"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"نیٹ ورک میں سائن ان کریں"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> کو انٹرنیٹ تک رسائی حاصل نہیں ہے"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"اختیارات کیلئے تھپتھپائیں"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"موبائل نیٹ ورک کو انٹرنیٹ تک رسائی حاصل نہیں ہے"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"نیٹ ورک کو انٹرنیٹ تک رسائی حاصل نہیں ہے"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"‏نجی DNS سرور تک رسائی حاصل نہیں کی جا سکی"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> کی کنیکٹوٹی محدود ہے"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"بہر حال منسلک کرنے کے لیے تھپتھپائیں"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g> پر سوئچ ہو گیا"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"جب <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> کو انٹرنیٹ تک رسائی نہیں ہوتی ہے تو آلہ <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> کا استعمال کرتا ہے۔ چارجز لاگو ہو سکتے ہیں۔"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> سے <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> پر سوئچ ہو گیا"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"موبائل ڈیٹا"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"بلوٹوتھ"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"ایتھرنیٹ"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"نامعلوم نیٹ ورک کی قسم"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-uz/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-uz/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7285ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-uz/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Tizim aloqa resurslari"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Wi-Fi tarmoqqa kirish"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Tarmoqqa kirish"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> nomli tarmoqda internetga ruxsati yoʻq"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Variantlarni ko‘rsatish uchun bosing"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobil tarmoq internetga ulanmagan"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Tarmoq internetga ulanmagan"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Xususiy DNS server ishlamayapti"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> nomli tarmoqda aloqa cheklangan"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Baribir ulash uchun bosing"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Yangi ulanish: <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"Agar <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> tarmoqda internet uzilsa, qurilma <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g>ga ulanadi. Sarflangan trafik uchun haq olinishi mumkin."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> tarmog‘idan <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> tarmog‘iga o‘tildi"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"mobil internet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"nomaʼlum tarmoq turi"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-vi/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-vi/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..239fb81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-vi/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Tài nguyên kết nối hệ thống"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Đăng nhập vào mạng Wi-Fi"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Đăng nhập vào mạng"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> không có quyền truy cập Internet"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Nhấn để biết tùy chọn"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mạng di động không có quyền truy cập Internet"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Mạng không có quyền truy cập Internet"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Không thể truy cập máy chủ DNS riêng tư"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> có khả năng kết nối giới hạn"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Nhấn để tiếp tục kết nối"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Đã chuyển sang <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"Thiết bị sử dụng <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> khi <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> không có quyền truy cập Internet. Bạn có thể phải trả phí."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Đã chuyển từ <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> sang <xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"dữ liệu di động"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"loại mạng không xác định"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-zh-rCN/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-zh-rCN/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e318c0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-zh-rCN/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"系统网络连接资源"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"登录到WLAN网络"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"登录到网络"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> 无法访问互联网"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"点按即可查看相关选项"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"此移动网络无法访问互联网"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"此网络无法访问互联网"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"无法访问私人 DNS 服务器"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> 的连接受限"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"点按即可继续连接"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"已切换至<xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"设备会在<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>无法访问互联网时使用<xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g>（可能需要支付相应的费用）。"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"已从<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g>切换至<xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"移动数据"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"WLAN"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"蓝牙"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"以太网"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"未知网络类型"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-zh-rHK/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-zh-rHK/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af3dccd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-zh-rHK/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"系統連線資源"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"登入 Wi-Fi 網絡"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"登入網絡"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g>未有連接至互聯網"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"輕按即可查看選項"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"流動網絡並未連接互聯網"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"網絡並未連接互聯網"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"無法存取私人 DNS 伺服器"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g>連線受限"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"仍要輕按以連結至此網絡"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"已切換至<xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"裝置會在 <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> 無法連線至互聯網時使用<xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> (可能需要支付相關費用)。"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"已從<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g>切換至<xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"流動數據"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"藍牙"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"以太網絡"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"不明網絡類型"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-zh-rTW/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-zh-rTW/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6441707
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-zh-rTW/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"系統連線資源"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"登入 Wi-Fi 網路"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"登入網路"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> 沒有網際網路連線"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"輕觸即可查看選項"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"這個行動網路沒有網際網路連線"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"這個網路沒有網際網路連線"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"無法存取私人 DNS 伺服器"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> 的連線能力受限"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"輕觸即可繼續連線"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"已切換至<xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"裝置會在無法連上「<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>」時切換至「<xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g>」(可能需要支付相關費用)。"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"已從 <xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> 切換至<xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"行動數據"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"藍牙"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"乙太網路"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"不明的網路類型"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-zu/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-zu/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b59f0d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-zu/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"Izinsiza Zokuxhumeka Zesistimu"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"Ngena ngemvume kunethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi"</string>
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"Ngena ngemvume kunethiwekhi"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
+    <skip />
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"I-<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> ayinakho ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Thepha ukuze uthole izinketho"</string>
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Inethiwekhi yeselula ayinakho ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi"</string>
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Inethiwekhi ayinakho ukufinyelela kwenethiwekhi"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Iseva eyimfihlo ye-DNS ayikwazi ukufinyelelwa"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"I-<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> inokuxhumeka okukhawulelwe"</string>
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Thepha ukuze uxhume noma kunjalo"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Kushintshelwe ku-<xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail" msgid="1257300152739542096">"Idivayisi isebenzisa i-<xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> uma i-<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g> inganakho ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi. Kungasebenza izindleko."</string>
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast" msgid="70691146054130335">"Kushintshelewe kusuka ku-<xliff:g id="PREVIOUS_NETWORK">%1$s</xliff:g> kuya ku-<xliff:g id="NEW_NETWORK">%2$s</xliff:g>"</string>
+  <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+    <item msgid="3004933964374161223">"idatha yeselula"</item>
+    <item msgid="5624324321165953608">"I-Wi-Fi"</item>
+    <item msgid="5667906231066981731">"I-Bluetooth"</item>
+    <item msgid="346574747471703768">"I-Ethernet"</item>
+    <item msgid="5734728378097476003">"I-VPN"</item>
+  </string-array>
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown" msgid="5116448402191972082">"uhlobo olungaziwa lwenethiwekhi"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/config.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/config.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1af00c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/config.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!--
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+  -->
+
+<!-- Configuration values for ConnectivityService
+     DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE for specific device configuration; instead, use a Runtime Resources
+     Overlay package following the overlayable.xml configuration in the same directory:
+     https://source.android.com/devices/architecture/rros -->
+<resources>
+
+    <!-- Configuration hook for the URL returned by ConnectivityManager#getCaptivePortalServerUrl.
+         If empty, the returned value is controlled by Settings.Global.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_HTTP_URL,
+         and if that value is empty, the framework will use a hard-coded default.
+         This is *NOT* a URL that will always be used by the system network validation to detect
+         captive portals: NetworkMonitor may use different strategies and will not necessarily use
+         this URL. NetworkMonitor behaviour should be configured with NetworkStack resource overlays
+         instead. -->
+    <!--suppress CheckTagEmptyBody -->
+    <string translatable="false" name="config_networkCaptivePortalServerUrl"></string>
+
+    <!-- The maximum duration (in milliseconds) we expect a network transition to take -->
+    <integer name="config_networkTransitionTimeout">60000</integer>
+
+    <!-- Configuration of network interfaces that support WakeOnLAN -->
+    <string-array translatable="false" name="config_wakeonlan_supported_interfaces">
+        <!--
+        <item>wlan0</item>
+        <item>eth0</item>
+        -->
+    </string-array>
+
+    <string-array translatable="false" name="config_legacy_networktype_restore_timers">
+        <item>2,60000</item><!-- mobile_mms -->
+        <item>3,60000</item><!-- mobile_supl -->
+        <item>4,60000</item><!-- mobile_dun -->
+        <item>5,60000</item><!-- mobile_hipri -->
+        <item>10,60000</item><!-- mobile_fota -->
+        <item>11,60000</item><!-- mobile_ims -->
+        <item>12,60000</item><!-- mobile_cbs -->
+    </string-array>
+
+    <!-- Default supported concurrent socket keepalive slots per transport type, used by
+         ConnectivityManager.createSocketKeepalive() for calculating the number of keepalive
+         offload slots that should be reserved for privileged access. This string array should be
+         overridden by the device to present the capability of creating socket keepalives. -->
+    <!-- An Array of "[NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_*],[supported keepalives] -->
+    <string-array translatable="false" name="config_networkSupportedKeepaliveCount">
+        <item>0,1</item>
+        <item>1,3</item>
+    </string-array>
+
+    <!-- Reserved privileged keepalive slots per transport. -->
+    <integer translatable="false" name="config_reservedPrivilegedKeepaliveSlots">2</integer>
+
+    <!-- Allowed unprivileged keepalive slots per uid. -->
+    <integer translatable="false" name="config_allowedUnprivilegedKeepalivePerUid">2</integer>
+
+    <!-- Default value for ConnectivityManager.getMultipathPreference() on metered networks. Actual
+         device behaviour is controlled by the metered multipath preference in
+         ConnectivitySettingsManager. This is the default value of that setting. -->
+    <integer translatable="false" name="config_networkMeteredMultipathPreference">0</integer>
+
+    <!-- Whether the device should automatically switch away from Wi-Fi networks that lose
+         Internet access. Actual device behaviour is controlled by
+         Settings.Global.NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI. This is the default value of that setting. -->
+    <integer translatable="false" name="config_networkAvoidBadWifi">1</integer>
+
+    <!-- Array of ConnectivityManager.TYPE_xxxx constants for networks that may only
+         be controlled by systemOrSignature apps.  -->
+    <integer-array translatable="false" name="config_protectedNetworks">
+        <item>10</item>
+        <item>11</item>
+        <item>12</item>
+        <item>14</item>
+        <item>15</item>
+    </integer-array>
+
+    <!-- Whether the internal vehicle network should remain active even when no
+         apps requested it. -->
+    <bool name="config_vehicleInternalNetworkAlwaysRequested">false</bool>
+
+
+    <!-- If the hardware supports specially marking packets that caused a wakeup of the
+         main CPU, set this value to the mark used. -->
+    <integer name="config_networkWakeupPacketMark">0</integer>
+
+    <!-- Mask to use when checking skb mark defined in config_networkWakeupPacketMark above. -->
+    <integer name="config_networkWakeupPacketMask">0</integer>
+
+    <!-- Whether/how to notify the user on network switches. See LingerMonitor.java. -->
+    <integer translatable="false" name="config_networkNotifySwitchType">0</integer>
+
+    <!-- What types of network switches to notify. See LingerMonitor.java. -->
+    <string-array translatable="false" name="config_networkNotifySwitches">
+    </string-array>
+
+    <!-- Whether to use an ongoing notification for signing in to captive portals, instead of a
+         notification that can be dismissed. -->
+    <bool name="config_ongoingSignInNotification">false</bool>
+
+    <!-- Whether to cancel network notifications automatically when tapped -->
+    <bool name="config_autoCancelNetworkNotifications">true</bool>
+
+    <!-- When no internet or partial connectivity is detected on a network, and a high priority
+         (heads up) notification would be shown due to the network being explicitly selected,
+         directly show the dialog that would normally be shown when tapping the notification
+         instead of showing the notification. -->
+    <bool name="config_notifyNoInternetAsDialogWhenHighPriority">false</bool>
+
+    <!-- When showing notifications indicating partial connectivity, display the same notifications
+         as no connectivity instead. This may be easier to understand for users but offers less
+         details on what is happening. -->
+    <bool name="config_partialConnectivityNotifiedAsNoInternet">false</bool>
+
+    <!-- Whether the cell radio of the device is capable of timesharing.
+
+         Whether the cell radio is capable of timesharing between two different networks
+         even for a few seconds. When this is false, the networking stack will ask telephony
+         networks to disconnect immediately, instead of lingering, when outscored by some
+         other telephony network (typically on another subscription). This deprives apps
+         of a chance to gracefully migrate to the new network and degrades the experience
+         for apps, so it should only be set to false when timesharing on the cell radio has
+         extreme adverse effects on performance of the new network.
+    -->
+    <bool translatable="false" name="config_cellular_radio_timesharing_capable">true</bool>
+
+    <!-- Configure ethernet tcp buffersizes in the form:
+         rmem_min,rmem_def,rmem_max,wmem_min,wmem_def,wmem_max -->
+    <string translatable="false" name="config_ethernet_tcp_buffers">524288,1048576,3145728,524288,1048576,2097152</string>
+
+    <!-- Configuration of Ethernet interfaces in the following format:
+         <interface name|mac address>;[Network Capabilities];[IP config];[Override Transport]
+         Where
+               [Network Capabilities] Optional. A comma separated list of network capabilities.
+                   Values must be from NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_* constants.
+                   The NOT_ROAMING, NOT_CONGESTED and NOT_SUSPENDED capabilities are always
+                   added automatically because this configuration provides no way to update
+                   them dynamically.
+               [IP config] Optional. If empty or not specified - DHCP will be used, otherwise
+                   use the following format to specify static IP configuration:
+                       ip=<ip-address/mask> gateway=<ip-address> dns=<comma-sep-ip-addresses>
+                       domains=<comma-sep-domains>
+               [Override Transport] Optional. An override network transport type to allow
+                    the propagation of an interface type on the other end of a local Ethernet
+                    interface. Value must be from NetworkCapabilities#TRANSPORT_* constants. If
+                    left out, this will default to TRANSPORT_ETHERNET.
+         -->
+    <string-array translatable="false" name="config_ethernet_interfaces">
+        <!--
+        <item>eth1;12,13,14,15;ip=192.168.0.10/24 gateway=192.168.0.1 dns=4.4.4.4,8.8.8.8</item>
+        <item>eth2;;ip=192.168.0.11/24</item>
+        <item>eth3;12,13,14,15;ip=192.168.0.12/24;1</item>
+        -->
+    </string-array>
+
+    <!-- Regex of wired ethernet ifaces -->
+    <string translatable="false" name="config_ethernet_iface_regex">eth\\d</string>
+
+    <!-- Ignores Wi-Fi validation failures after roam.
+    If validation fails on a Wi-Fi network after a roam to a new BSSID,
+    assume that the roam temporarily disrupted network connectivity, and
+    ignore all failures until this time has passed.
+    NetworkMonitor will continue to attempt validation, and if it fails after this time has passed,
+    the network will be marked unvalidated.
+
+    Only supported up to S. On T+, the Wi-Fi code should use destroyAndAwaitReplacement in order
+    to ensure that apps see the network disconnect and reconnect. -->
+    <integer translatable="false" name="config_validationFailureAfterRoamIgnoreTimeMillis">-1</integer>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/overlayable.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/overlayable.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b92dd08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/overlayable.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
+    <overlayable name="ServiceConnectivityResourcesConfig">
+        <policy type="product|system|vendor">
+            <!-- Configuration values for ConnectivityService -->
+            <item type="array" name="config_legacy_networktype_restore_timers"/>
+            <item type="string" name="config_networkCaptivePortalServerUrl"/>
+            <item type="integer" name="config_networkTransitionTimeout"/>
+            <item type="array" name="config_wakeonlan_supported_interfaces"/>
+            <item type="integer" name="config_networkMeteredMultipathPreference"/>
+            <item type="array" name="config_networkSupportedKeepaliveCount"/>
+            <item type="integer" name="config_networkAvoidBadWifi"/>
+            <item type="array" name="config_protectedNetworks"/>
+            <item type="bool" name="config_vehicleInternalNetworkAlwaysRequested"/>
+            <item type="integer" name="config_networkWakeupPacketMark"/>
+            <item type="integer" name="config_networkWakeupPacketMask"/>
+            <item type="integer" name="config_networkNotifySwitchType"/>
+            <item type="array" name="config_networkNotifySwitches"/>
+            <item type="bool" name="config_ongoingSignInNotification"/>
+            <item type="bool" name="config_autoCancelNetworkNotifications"/>
+            <item type="bool" name="config_notifyNoInternetAsDialogWhenHighPriority"/>
+            <item type="bool" name="config_partialConnectivityNotifiedAsNoInternet"/>
+            <item type="drawable" name="stat_notify_wifi_in_range"/>
+            <item type="drawable" name="stat_notify_rssi_in_range"/>
+            <item type="bool" name="config_cellular_radio_timesharing_capable" />
+            <item type="string" name="config_ethernet_tcp_buffers"/>
+            <item type="array" name="config_ethernet_interfaces"/>
+            <item type="string" name="config_ethernet_iface_regex"/>
+            <item type="integer" name="config_validationFailureAfterRoamIgnoreTimeMillis" />
+        </policy>
+    </overlayable>
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2fa5f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!--
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+  -->
+<resources xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <!-- The System Connectivity Resources package is an internal system package that provides
+         configuration values for system networking that were pre-configured in the device. This
+         is the name of the package to display in the list of system apps. [CHAR LIMIT=40] -->
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel">System Connectivity Resources</string>
+
+    <!-- A notification is shown when a wifi captive portal network is detected.  This is the notification's title. -->
+    <string name="wifi_available_sign_in">Sign in to Wi-Fi network</string>
+
+    <!-- A notification is shown when a captive portal network is detected.  This is the notification's title. -->
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in">Sign in to network</string>
+
+    <!-- A notification is shown when a captive portal network is detected.  This is the notification's message. -->
+    <string name="network_available_sign_in_detailed"><xliff:g id="network_ssid">%1$s</xliff:g></string>
+
+    <!-- A notification is shown when the user connects to a Wi-Fi network and the system detects that that network has no Internet access. This is the notification's title. -->
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet"><xliff:g id="network_ssid" example="GoogleGuest">%1$s</xliff:g> has no internet access</string>
+
+    <!-- A notification is shown when the user connects to a Wi-Fi network and the system detects that that network has no Internet access. This is the notification's message. -->
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed">Tap for options</string>
+
+    <!-- A notification is shown when the user connects to a mobile network without internet access. This is the notification's title. -->
+    <string name="mobile_no_internet">Mobile network has no internet access</string>
+
+    <!-- A notification is shown when the user connects to a non-mobile and non-wifi network without internet access. This is the notification's title. -->
+    <string name="other_networks_no_internet">Network has no internet access</string>
+
+    <!-- A notification is shown when connected network without internet due to private dns validation failed. This is the notification's message. [CHAR LIMIT=NONE] -->
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed">Private DNS server cannot be accessed</string>
+
+    <!-- A notification is shown when the user connects to a network that doesn't have access to some services (e.g. Push notifications may not work). This is the notification's title. [CHAR LIMIT=50] -->
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity"><xliff:g id="network_ssid" example="GoogleGuest">%1$s</xliff:g> has limited connectivity</string>
+
+    <!-- A notification is shown when the user connects to a network that doesn't have access to some services (e.g. Push notifications may not work). This is the notification's message. [CHAR LIMIT=50] -->
+    <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed">Tap to connect anyway</string>
+
+    <!-- A notification might be shown if the device switches to another network type (e.g., mobile data) because it detects that the network it was using (e.g., Wi-Fi) has lost Internet connectivity. This is the notification's title. %1$s is the network type that the device switched to, e.g., cellular data. It is one of the strings in the network_switch_type_name array. -->
+    <string name="network_switch_metered">Switched to <xliff:g id="network_type">%1$s</xliff:g></string>
+
+    <!-- A notification might be shown if the device switches to another network type (e.g., mobile data) because it detects that the network it was using (e.g., Wi-Fi) has lost Internet connectivity. This is the notification's message. %1$s is the network that the device switched to, e.g., cellular data. %2$s is the network type the device switched from, e.g., Wi-Fi. Both are strings in the network_switch_type_name array. -->
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_detail">Device uses <xliff:g id="new_network">%1$s</xliff:g> when <xliff:g id="previous_network">%2$s</xliff:g> has no internet access. Charges may apply.</string>
+
+    <!-- A toast might be shown if the device switches to another network type (e.g., mobile data) because it detects that the network it was using (e.g., Wi-Fi) has lost Internet connectivity. This is the text of the toast. %1$s is the network that the device switched from, e.g., Wi-Fi. %2$s is the network type the device switched from, e.g., cellular data. Both are strings in the network_switch_type_name array. -->
+    <string name="network_switch_metered_toast">Switched from <xliff:g id="previous_network">%1$s</xliff:g> to <xliff:g id="new_network">%2$s</xliff:g></string>
+
+    <!-- Network type names used in the network_switch_metered and network_switch_metered_detail strings. These must be kept in the sync with the values NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_xxx values, and in the same order. -->
+    <string-array name="network_switch_type_name">
+        <item>mobile data</item>
+        <item>Wi-Fi</item>
+        <item>Bluetooth</item>
+        <item>Ethernet</item>
+        <item>VPN</item>
+    </string-array>
+
+    <!-- Network type name displayed if one of the types is not found in network_switch_type_name. -->
+    <string name="network_switch_type_name_unknown">an unknown network type</string>
+
+</resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/resources-certs/com.android.connectivity.resources.pk8 b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/resources-certs/com.android.connectivity.resources.pk8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bfdc28b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/resources-certs/com.android.connectivity.resources.pk8
Binary files differ
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/resources-certs/com.android.connectivity.resources.x509.pem b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/resources-certs/com.android.connectivity.resources.x509.pem
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..70eca1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/resources-certs/com.android.connectivity.resources.x509.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
+MIIGQzCCBCugAwIBAgIUZY8nxBMINp/79sziXU77MLPpEXowDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEL
+BQAwga8xCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMRMwEQYDVQQIDApDYWxpZm9ybmlhMRYwFAYDVQQH
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+BuI+kj5oOeiQ0P1i1K+UCCAjrLwhNyc9H02rKUtBHxa2AVjw7YpAJlBesb49Qvq+
+5L6JjHFVSSOEbIjboNib26zNackjbiefF74meSUbGVGfcJ1OdkZsXZWphmER8V7X
+Wz3Z8JwOXW1RLPgcbjilHUR5g8pEmWBv4KrTCSg5IvOJr4w3pyyMBiiVI9NI5sB7
+g5Mi9v3ifPD1OHA4Y3wYCb26mMEpRb8ogOhMHcGNbdnL3QtIUg4cmXGqGSY/LbpU
+np0sIQDSjc46o79F0boPsLlaN3US5WZIu0nc9SHkjoNhd0CJQ5r9aEn4/wNrZgxs
+s8OEKsqcS7OsWiIE6nG51TMDsCuyRBrGedtSUyFFSVSpivpYIrPVNKKlHsJ/o+Nv
+Udb6dBjCraPvJB8binB1aojwya3MwRs=
+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/resources-certs/key.pem b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/resources-certs/key.pem
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38771c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/resources-certs/key.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----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+-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
diff --git a/service/jarjar-rules.txt b/service/jarjar-rules.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5d51fdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/jarjar-rules.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+# Classes in framework-connectivity are restricted to the android.net package.
+# This cannot be changed because it is harcoded in ART in S.
+# Any missing jarjar rule for framework-connectivity would be caught by the
+# build as an unexpected class outside of the android.net package.
+rule com.android.net.module.util.** android.net.connectivity.@0
+rule com.android.modules.utils.** android.net.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.NetworkFactory* android.net.connectivity.@0
+
+# From modules-utils-preconditions
+rule com.android.internal.util.Preconditions* android.net.connectivity.@0
+
+# From framework-connectivity-shared-srcs
+rule android.util.LocalLog* android.net.connectivity.@0
+rule android.util.IndentingPrintWriter* android.net.connectivity.@0
+rule com.android.internal.util.IndentingPrintWriter* android.net.connectivity.@0
+rule com.android.internal.util.MessageUtils* android.net.connectivity.@0
+rule com.android.internal.util.WakeupMessage* android.net.connectivity.@0
+rule com.android.internal.util.FileRotator* android.net.connectivity.@0
+rule com.android.internal.util.ProcFileReader* android.net.connectivity.@0
+
+# From framework-connectivity-protos
+rule com.google.protobuf.** android.net.connectivity.@0
+rule android.service.** android.net.connectivity.@0
+
+rule android.sysprop.** com.android.connectivity.@0
+
+rule com.android.internal.messages.** com.android.connectivity.@0
+
+# From dnsresolver_aidl_interface (newer AIDLs should go to android.net.resolv.aidl)
+rule android.net.resolv.aidl.** com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.IDnsResolver* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.ResolverHostsParcel* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.ResolverOptionsParcel* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.ResolverParamsParcel* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.ResolverParamsParcel* com.android.connectivity.@0
+# Also includes netd event listener AIDL, but this is handled by netd-client rules
+
+# From netd-client (newer AIDLs should go to android.net.netd.aidl)
+rule android.net.netd.aidl.** com.android.connectivity.@0
+# Avoid including android.net.INetdEventCallback, used in tests but not part of the module
+rule android.net.INetd com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.INetd$* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.INetdUnsolicitedEventListener* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.InterfaceConfigurationParcel* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.MarkMaskParcel* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.NativeNetworkConfig* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.NativeNetworkType* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.NativeVpnType* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.RouteInfoParcel* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.TetherConfigParcel* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.TetherOffloadRuleParcel* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.TetherStatsParcel* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.UidRangeParcel* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.metrics.INetdEventListener* com.android.connectivity.@0
+
+# From netlink-client
+rule android.net.netlink.** com.android.connectivity.@0
+
+# From networkstack-client (newer AIDLs should go to android.net.[networkstack|ipmemorystore].aidl)
+rule android.net.networkstack.aidl.** com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.ipmemorystore.aidl.** com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.ipmemorystore.aidl.** com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.DataStallReportParcelable* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.DhcpResultsParcelable* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.IIpMemoryStore* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.INetworkMonitor* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.INetworkStackConnector* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.INetworkStackStatusCallback* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.InformationElementParcelable* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.InitialConfigurationParcelable* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.IpMemoryStore* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.Layer2InformationParcelable* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.Layer2PacketParcelable* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.NattKeepalivePacketDataParcelable* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.NetworkMonitorManager* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.NetworkTestResultParcelable* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.PrivateDnsConfigParcel* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.ProvisioningConfigurationParcelable* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.ScanResultInfoParcelable* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.TcpKeepalivePacketDataParcelable* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.dhcp.DhcpLeaseParcelable* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.dhcp.DhcpServingParamsParcel* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.dhcp.IDhcpEventCallbacks* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.dhcp.IDhcpServer* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.ip.IIpClient* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.ip.IpClientCallbacks* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.ip.IpClientManager* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.ip.IpClientUtil* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.ipmemorystore.** com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.networkstack.** com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.shared.** com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.util.KeepalivePacketDataUtil* com.android.connectivity.@0
+
+# From connectivity-module-utils
+rule android.net.util.SharedLog* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.shared.** com.android.connectivity.@0
+
+# From services-connectivity-shared-srcs
+rule android.net.util.NetworkConstants* com.android.connectivity.@0
+
+# From modules-utils-statemachine
+rule com.android.internal.util.IState* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule com.android.internal.util.State* com.android.connectivity.@0
+
+# From the API shims
+rule com.android.networkstack.apishim.** com.android.connectivity.@0
+
+# From fast-pair-lite-protos
+rule service.proto.** com.android.server.nearby.@0
+
+# From filegroup framework-connectivity-protos
+rule android.service.*Proto com.android.connectivity.@0
+
+# Remaining are connectivity sources in com.android.server and com.android.server.connectivity:
+# TODO: move to a subpackage of com.android.connectivity (such as com.android.connectivity.server)
diff --git a/service/jni/com_android_net_module_util/onload.cpp b/service/jni/com_android_net_module_util/onload.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f09e55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/jni/com_android_net_module_util/onload.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <nativehelper/JNIHelp.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+int register_com_android_net_module_util_BpfMap(JNIEnv* env, char const* class_name);
+int register_com_android_net_module_util_TcUtils(JNIEnv* env, char const* class_name);
+
+extern "C" jint JNI_OnLoad(JavaVM* vm, void*) {
+    JNIEnv *env;
+    if (vm->GetEnv(reinterpret_cast<void**>(&env), JNI_VERSION_1_6) != JNI_OK) {
+        ALOGE("GetEnv failed");
+        return JNI_ERR;
+    }
+
+    if (register_com_android_net_module_util_BpfMap(env,
+            "android/net/connectivity/com/android/net/module/util/BpfMap") < 0) return JNI_ERR;
+
+    if (register_com_android_net_module_util_TcUtils(env,
+            "android/net/connectivity/com/android/net/module/util/TcUtils") < 0) return JNI_ERR;
+
+    return JNI_VERSION_1_6;
+}
+
+};
diff --git a/service/jni/com_android_server_BpfNetMaps.cpp b/service/jni/com_android_server_BpfNetMaps.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f13c68d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/jni/com_android_server_BpfNetMaps.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "TrafficControllerJni"
+
+#include "TrafficController.h"
+
+#include <bpf_shared.h>
+#include <jni.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <nativehelper/JNIHelp.h>
+#include <nativehelper/ScopedUtfChars.h>
+#include <nativehelper/ScopedPrimitiveArray.h>
+#include <netjniutils/netjniutils.h>
+#include <net/if.h>
+#include <vector>
+
+
+using android::net::TrafficController;
+using android::netdutils::Status;
+
+using UidOwnerMatchType::PENALTY_BOX_MATCH;
+using UidOwnerMatchType::HAPPY_BOX_MATCH;
+
+static android::net::TrafficController mTc;
+
+namespace android {
+
+static void native_init(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz) {
+  Status status = mTc.start();
+   if (!isOk(status)) {
+    ALOGE("%s failed, error code = %d", __func__, status.code());
+  }
+}
+
+static jint native_addNaughtyApp(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jint uid) {
+  const uint32_t appUids = static_cast<uint32_t>(abs(uid));
+  Status status = mTc.updateUidOwnerMap(appUids, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH,
+      TrafficController::IptOp::IptOpInsert);
+  if (!isOk(status)) {
+    ALOGE("%s failed, error code = %d", __func__, status.code());
+  }
+  return (jint)status.code();
+}
+
+static jint native_removeNaughtyApp(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jint uid) {
+  const uint32_t appUids = static_cast<uint32_t>(abs(uid));
+  Status status = mTc.updateUidOwnerMap(appUids, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH,
+      TrafficController::IptOp::IptOpDelete);
+  if (!isOk(status)) {
+    ALOGE("%s failed, error code = %d", __func__, status.code());
+  }
+  return (jint)status.code();
+}
+
+static jint native_addNiceApp(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jint uid) {
+  const uint32_t appUids = static_cast<uint32_t>(abs(uid));
+  Status status = mTc.updateUidOwnerMap(appUids, HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,
+      TrafficController::IptOp::IptOpInsert);
+  if (!isOk(status)) {
+    ALOGE("%s failed, error code = %d", __func__, status.code());
+  }
+  return (jint)status.code();
+}
+
+static jint native_removeNiceApp(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jint uid) {
+  const uint32_t appUids = static_cast<uint32_t>(abs(uid));
+  Status status = mTc.updateUidOwnerMap(appUids, HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,
+      TrafficController::IptOp::IptOpDelete);
+  if (!isOk(status)) {
+    ALOGD("%s failed, error code = %d", __func__, status.code());
+  }
+  return (jint)status.code();
+}
+
+static jint native_setChildChain(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jint childChain, jboolean enable) {
+  auto chain = static_cast<ChildChain>(childChain);
+  int res = mTc.toggleUidOwnerMap(chain, enable);
+  if (res) {
+    ALOGE("%s failed, error code = %d", __func__, res);
+  }
+  return (jint)res;
+}
+
+static jint native_replaceUidChain(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jstring name, jboolean isAllowlist,
+                                jintArray jUids) {
+    const ScopedUtfChars chainNameUtf8(env, name);
+    if (chainNameUtf8.c_str() == nullptr) {
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+    const std::string chainName(chainNameUtf8.c_str());
+
+    ScopedIntArrayRO uids(env, jUids);
+    if (uids.get() == nullptr) {
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+
+    size_t size = uids.size();
+    static_assert(sizeof(*(uids.get())) == sizeof(int32_t));
+    std::vector<int32_t> data ((int32_t *)&uids[0], (int32_t*)&uids[size]);
+    int res = mTc.replaceUidOwnerMap(chainName, isAllowlist, data);
+    if (res) {
+      ALOGE("%s failed, error code = %d", __func__, res);
+    }
+    return (jint)res;
+}
+
+static jint native_setUidRule(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jint childChain, jint uid,
+                          jint firewallRule) {
+    auto chain = static_cast<ChildChain>(childChain);
+    auto rule = static_cast<FirewallRule>(firewallRule);
+    FirewallType fType = mTc.getFirewallType(chain);
+
+    int res = mTc.changeUidOwnerRule(chain, uid, rule, fType);
+    if (res) {
+      ALOGE("%s failed, error code = %d", __func__, res);
+    }
+    return (jint)res;
+}
+
+static jint native_addUidInterfaceRules(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jstring ifName,
+                                    jintArray jUids) {
+    const ScopedUtfChars ifNameUtf8(env, ifName);
+    if (ifNameUtf8.c_str() == nullptr) {
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+    const std::string interfaceName(ifNameUtf8.c_str());
+    const int ifIndex = if_nametoindex(interfaceName.c_str());
+
+    ScopedIntArrayRO uids(env, jUids);
+    if (uids.get() == nullptr) {
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+
+    size_t size = uids.size();
+    static_assert(sizeof(*(uids.get())) == sizeof(int32_t));
+    std::vector<int32_t> data ((int32_t *)&uids[0], (int32_t*)&uids[size]);
+    Status status = mTc.addUidInterfaceRules(ifIndex, data);
+    if (!isOk(status)) {
+        ALOGE("%s failed, error code = %d", __func__, status.code());
+    }
+    return (jint)status.code();
+}
+
+static jint native_removeUidInterfaceRules(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jintArray jUids) {
+    ScopedIntArrayRO uids(env, jUids);
+    if (uids.get() == nullptr) {
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+
+    size_t size = uids.size();
+    static_assert(sizeof(*(uids.get())) == sizeof(int32_t));
+    std::vector<int32_t> data ((int32_t *)&uids[0], (int32_t*)&uids[size]);
+    Status status = mTc.removeUidInterfaceRules(data);
+    if (!isOk(status)) {
+        ALOGE("%s failed, error code = %d", __func__, status.code());
+    }
+    return (jint)status.code();
+}
+
+static jint native_swapActiveStatsMap(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz) {
+    Status status = mTc.swapActiveStatsMap();
+    if (!isOk(status)) {
+        ALOGD("%s failed, error code = %d", __func__, status.code());
+    }
+    return (jint)status.code();
+}
+
+static void native_setPermissionForUids(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jint permission,
+                                      jintArray jUids) {
+    ScopedIntArrayRO uids(env, jUids);
+    if (uids.get() == nullptr) return;
+
+    size_t size = uids.size();
+    static_assert(sizeof(*(uids.get())) == sizeof(uid_t));
+    std::vector<uid_t> data ((uid_t *)&uids[0], (uid_t*)&uids[size]);
+    mTc.setPermissionForUids(permission, data);
+}
+
+static void native_dump(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jobject javaFd, jboolean verbose) {
+    int fd = netjniutils::GetNativeFileDescriptor(env, javaFd);
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "Invalid file descriptor");
+        return;
+    }
+    mTc.dump(fd, verbose);
+}
+
+/*
+ * JNI registration.
+ */
+// clang-format off
+static const JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = {
+    /* name, signature, funcPtr */
+    {"native_init", "()V",
+    (void*)native_init},
+    {"native_addNaughtyApp", "(I)I",
+    (void*)native_addNaughtyApp},
+    {"native_removeNaughtyApp", "(I)I",
+    (void*)native_removeNaughtyApp},
+    {"native_addNiceApp", "(I)I",
+    (void*)native_addNiceApp},
+    {"native_removeNiceApp", "(I)I",
+    (void*)native_removeNiceApp},
+    {"native_setChildChain", "(IZ)I",
+    (void*)native_setChildChain},
+    {"native_replaceUidChain", "(Ljava/lang/String;Z[I)I",
+    (void*)native_replaceUidChain},
+    {"native_setUidRule", "(III)I",
+    (void*)native_setUidRule},
+    {"native_addUidInterfaceRules", "(Ljava/lang/String;[I)I",
+    (void*)native_addUidInterfaceRules},
+    {"native_removeUidInterfaceRules", "([I)I",
+    (void*)native_removeUidInterfaceRules},
+    {"native_swapActiveStatsMap", "()I",
+    (void*)native_swapActiveStatsMap},
+    {"native_setPermissionForUids", "(I[I)V",
+    (void*)native_setPermissionForUids},
+    {"native_dump", "(Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;Z)V",
+    (void*)native_dump},
+};
+// clang-format on
+
+int register_com_android_server_BpfNetMaps(JNIEnv* env) {
+    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env,
+    "com/android/server/BpfNetMaps",
+    gMethods, NELEM(gMethods));
+}
+
+}; // namespace android
diff --git a/service/jni/com_android_server_TestNetworkService.cpp b/service/jni/com_android_server_TestNetworkService.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4efd0e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/jni/com_android_server_TestNetworkService.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+
+#define LOG_TAG "TestNetworkServiceJni"
+
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <linux/if.h>
+#include <linux/if_tun.h>
+#include <linux/ipv6_route.h>
+#include <linux/route.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <log/log.h>
+
+#include "jni.h"
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+#include <nativehelper/JNIHelp.h>
+#include <nativehelper/ScopedUtfChars.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static void throwException(JNIEnv* env, int error, const char* action, const char* iface) {
+    const std::string& msg = "Error: " + std::string(action) + " " + std::string(iface) +  ": "
+                + std::string(strerror(error));
+    jniThrowException(env, "java/lang/IllegalStateException", msg.c_str());
+}
+
+static int createTunTapInterface(JNIEnv* env, bool isTun, const char* iface) {
+    base::unique_fd tun(open("/dev/tun", O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK));
+    ifreq ifr{};
+
+    // Allocate interface.
+    ifr.ifr_flags = (isTun ? IFF_TUN : IFF_TAP) | IFF_NO_PI;
+    strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, iface, IFNAMSIZ);
+    if (ioctl(tun.get(), TUNSETIFF, &ifr)) {
+        throwException(env, errno, "allocating", ifr.ifr_name);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    // Activate interface using an unconnected datagram socket.
+    base::unique_fd inet6CtrlSock(socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, 0));
+    ifr.ifr_flags = IFF_UP;
+    // Mark TAP interfaces as supporting multicast
+    if (!isTun) ifr.ifr_flags |= IFF_MULTICAST;
+
+    if (ioctl(inet6CtrlSock.get(), SIOCSIFFLAGS, &ifr)) {
+        throwException(env, errno, "activating", ifr.ifr_name);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    return tun.release();
+}
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static jint create(JNIEnv* env, jobject /* thiz */, jboolean isTun, jstring jIface) {
+    ScopedUtfChars iface(env, jIface);
+    if (!iface.c_str()) {
+        jniThrowNullPointerException(env, "iface");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    int tun = createTunTapInterface(env, isTun, iface.c_str());
+
+    // Any exceptions will be thrown from the createTunTapInterface call
+    return tun;
+}
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static const JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = {
+    {"jniCreateTunTap", "(ZLjava/lang/String;)I", (void*)create},
+};
+
+int register_com_android_server_TestNetworkService(JNIEnv* env) {
+    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, "com/android/server/TestNetworkService", gMethods,
+                                    NELEM(gMethods));
+}
+
+}; // namespace android
diff --git a/service/jni/com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator.cpp b/service/jni/com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4517b5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/jni/com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,587 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#define LOG_TAG "jniClatCoordinator"
+
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <linux/if_tun.h>
+#include <linux/ioctl.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <nativehelper/JNIHelp.h>
+#include <net/if.h>
+#include <spawn.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <bpf/BpfMap.h>
+#include <bpf/BpfUtils.h>
+#include <bpf_shared.h>
+#include <netjniutils/netjniutils.h>
+#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
+
+#include "libclat/bpfhelper.h"
+#include "libclat/clatutils.h"
+#include "nativehelper/scoped_utf_chars.h"
+
+// Sync from system/netd/include/netid_client.h
+#define MARK_UNSET 0u
+
+// Sync from system/netd/server/NetdConstants.h
+#define __INT_STRLEN(i) sizeof(#i)
+#define _INT_STRLEN(i) __INT_STRLEN(i)
+#define INT32_STRLEN _INT_STRLEN(INT32_MIN)
+
+#define DEVICEPREFIX "v4-"
+
+namespace android {
+static const char* kClatdPath = "/apex/com.android.tethering/bin/for-system/clatd";
+
+static void throwIOException(JNIEnv* env, const char* msg, int error) {
+    jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "%s: %s", msg, strerror(error));
+}
+
+jstring com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator_selectIpv4Address(JNIEnv* env,
+                                                                          jobject clazz,
+                                                                          jstring v4addr,
+                                                                          jint prefixlen) {
+    ScopedUtfChars address(env, v4addr);
+    in_addr ip;
+    if (inet_pton(AF_INET, address.c_str(), &ip) != 1) {
+        throwIOException(env, "invalid address", EINVAL);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // Pick an IPv4 address.
+    // TODO: this picks the address based on other addresses that are assigned to interfaces, but
+    // the address is only actually assigned to an interface once clatd starts up. So we could end
+    // up with two clatd instances with the same IPv4 address.
+    // Stop doing this and instead pick a free one from the kV4Addr pool.
+    in_addr v4 = {net::clat::selectIpv4Address(ip, prefixlen)};
+    if (v4.s_addr == INADDR_NONE) {
+        jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "No free IPv4 address in %s/%d",
+                             address.c_str(), prefixlen);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    char addrstr[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
+    if (!inet_ntop(AF_INET, (void*)&v4, addrstr, sizeof(addrstr))) {
+        throwIOException(env, "invalid address", EADDRNOTAVAIL);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return env->NewStringUTF(addrstr);
+}
+
+// Picks a random interface ID that is checksum neutral with the IPv4 address and the NAT64 prefix.
+jstring com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator_generateIpv6Address(
+        JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jstring ifaceStr, jstring v4Str, jstring prefix64Str) {
+    ScopedUtfChars iface(env, ifaceStr);
+    ScopedUtfChars addr4(env, v4Str);
+    ScopedUtfChars prefix64(env, prefix64Str);
+
+    if (iface.c_str() == nullptr) {
+        jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "Invalid null interface name");
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    in_addr v4;
+    if (inet_pton(AF_INET, addr4.c_str(), &v4) != 1) {
+        jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "Invalid clat v4 address %s",
+                             addr4.c_str());
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    in6_addr nat64Prefix;
+    if (inet_pton(AF_INET6, prefix64.c_str(), &nat64Prefix) != 1) {
+        jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "Invalid prefix %s", prefix64.c_str());
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    in6_addr v6;
+    if (net::clat::generateIpv6Address(iface.c_str(), v4, nat64Prefix, &v6)) {
+        jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException",
+                             "Unable to find global source address on %s for %s", iface.c_str(),
+                             prefix64.c_str());
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    char addrstr[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
+    if (!inet_ntop(AF_INET6, (void*)&v6, addrstr, sizeof(addrstr))) {
+        throwIOException(env, "invalid address", EADDRNOTAVAIL);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return env->NewStringUTF(addrstr);
+}
+
+static jint com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator_createTunInterface(JNIEnv* env,
+                                                                               jobject clazz,
+                                                                               jstring tuniface) {
+    ScopedUtfChars v4interface(env, tuniface);
+
+    // open the tun device in non blocking mode as required by clatd
+    jint fd = open("/dev/net/tun", O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK | O_CLOEXEC);
+    if (fd == -1) {
+        jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "open tun device failed (%s)",
+                             strerror(errno));
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    struct ifreq ifr = {
+            .ifr_flags = IFF_TUN,
+    };
+    strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, v4interface.c_str(), sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
+
+    if (ioctl(fd, TUNSETIFF, &ifr, sizeof(ifr))) {
+        close(fd);
+        jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "ioctl(TUNSETIFF) failed (%s)",
+                             strerror(errno));
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    return fd;
+}
+
+static jint com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator_detectMtu(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz,
+                                                                      jstring platSubnet,
+                                                                      jint plat_suffix, jint mark) {
+    ScopedUtfChars platSubnetStr(env, platSubnet);
+
+    in6_addr plat_subnet;
+    if (inet_pton(AF_INET6, platSubnetStr.c_str(), &plat_subnet) != 1) {
+        jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "Invalid plat prefix address %s",
+                             platSubnetStr.c_str());
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    int ret = net::clat::detect_mtu(&plat_subnet, plat_suffix, mark);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "detect mtu failed: %s", strerror(-ret));
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static jint com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator_openPacketSocket(JNIEnv* env,
+                                                                              jobject clazz) {
+    // Will eventually be bound to htons(ETH_P_IPV6) protocol,
+    // but only after appropriate bpf filter is attached.
+    int sock = socket(AF_PACKET, SOCK_DGRAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0);
+    if (sock < 0) {
+        throwIOException(env, "packet socket failed", errno);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return sock;
+}
+
+static jint com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator_openRawSocket6(JNIEnv* env,
+                                                                           jobject clazz,
+                                                                           jint mark) {
+    int sock = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_RAW | SOCK_NONBLOCK | SOCK_CLOEXEC, IPPROTO_RAW);
+    if (sock < 0) {
+        throwIOException(env, "raw socket failed", errno);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    // TODO: check the mark validation
+    if (mark != MARK_UNSET && setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_MARK, &mark, sizeof(mark)) < 0) {
+        throwIOException(env, "could not set mark on raw socket", errno);
+        close(sock);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    return sock;
+}
+
+static void com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator_addAnycastSetsockopt(
+        JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jobject javaFd, jstring addr6, jint ifindex) {
+    int sock = netjniutils::GetNativeFileDescriptor(env, javaFd);
+    if (sock < 0) {
+        jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "Invalid file descriptor");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ScopedUtfChars addrStr(env, addr6);
+
+    in6_addr addr;
+    if (inet_pton(AF_INET6, addrStr.c_str(), &addr) != 1) {
+        jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "Invalid IPv6 address %s",
+                             addrStr.c_str());
+        return;
+    }
+
+    struct ipv6_mreq mreq = {addr, ifindex};
+    int ret = setsockopt(sock, SOL_IPV6, IPV6_JOIN_ANYCAST, &mreq, sizeof(mreq));
+    if (ret) {
+        jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "setsockopt IPV6_JOIN_ANYCAST failed: %s",
+                             strerror(errno));
+        return;
+    }
+}
+
+static void com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator_configurePacketSocket(
+        JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jobject javaFd, jstring addr6, jint ifindex) {
+    ScopedUtfChars addrStr(env, addr6);
+
+    int sock = netjniutils::GetNativeFileDescriptor(env, javaFd);
+    if (sock < 0) {
+        jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "Invalid file descriptor");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    in6_addr addr;
+    if (inet_pton(AF_INET6, addrStr.c_str(), &addr) != 1) {
+        jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "Invalid IPv6 address %s",
+                             addrStr.c_str());
+        return;
+    }
+
+    int ret = net::clat::configure_packet_socket(sock, &addr, ifindex);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        throwIOException(env, "configure packet socket failed", -ret);
+        return;
+    }
+}
+
+int initTracker(const std::string& iface, const std::string& pfx96, const std::string& v4,
+        const std::string& v6, net::clat::ClatdTracker* output) {
+    strlcpy(output->iface, iface.c_str(), sizeof(output->iface));
+    output->ifIndex = if_nametoindex(iface.c_str());
+    if (output->ifIndex == 0) {
+        ALOGE("interface %s not found", output->iface);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    unsigned len = snprintf(output->v4iface, sizeof(output->v4iface),
+            "%s%s", DEVICEPREFIX, iface.c_str());
+    if (len >= sizeof(output->v4iface)) {
+        ALOGE("interface name too long '%s'", output->v4iface);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    output->v4ifIndex = if_nametoindex(output->v4iface);
+    if (output->v4ifIndex == 0) {
+        ALOGE("v4-interface %s not found", output->v4iface);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (!inet_pton(AF_INET6, pfx96.c_str(), &output->pfx96)) {
+        ALOGE("invalid IPv6 address specified for plat prefix: %s", pfx96.c_str());
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (!inet_pton(AF_INET, v4.c_str(), &output->v4)) {
+        ALOGE("Invalid IPv4 address %s", v4.c_str());
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (!inet_pton(AF_INET6, v6.c_str(), &output->v6)) {
+        ALOGE("Invalid source address %s", v6.c_str());
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static jint com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator_startClatd(
+        JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jobject tunJavaFd, jobject readSockJavaFd,
+        jobject writeSockJavaFd, jstring iface, jstring pfx96, jstring v4, jstring v6) {
+    ScopedUtfChars ifaceStr(env, iface);
+    ScopedUtfChars pfx96Str(env, pfx96);
+    ScopedUtfChars v4Str(env, v4);
+    ScopedUtfChars v6Str(env, v6);
+
+    int tunFd = netjniutils::GetNativeFileDescriptor(env, tunJavaFd);
+    if (tunFd < 0) {
+        jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "Invalid tun file descriptor");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    int readSock = netjniutils::GetNativeFileDescriptor(env, readSockJavaFd);
+    if (readSock < 0) {
+        jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "Invalid read socket");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    int writeSock = netjniutils::GetNativeFileDescriptor(env, writeSockJavaFd);
+    if (writeSock < 0) {
+        jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "Invalid write socket");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    // 1. these are the FD we'll pass to clatd on the cli, so need it as a string
+    char tunFdStr[INT32_STRLEN];
+    char sockReadStr[INT32_STRLEN];
+    char sockWriteStr[INT32_STRLEN];
+    snprintf(tunFdStr, sizeof(tunFdStr), "%d", tunFd);
+    snprintf(sockReadStr, sizeof(sockReadStr), "%d", readSock);
+    snprintf(sockWriteStr, sizeof(sockWriteStr), "%d", writeSock);
+
+    // 2. we're going to use this as argv[0] to clatd to make ps output more useful
+    std::string progname("clatd-");
+    progname += ifaceStr.c_str();
+
+    // clang-format off
+    const char* args[] = {progname.c_str(),
+                          "-i", ifaceStr.c_str(),
+                          "-p", pfx96Str.c_str(),
+                          "-4", v4Str.c_str(),
+                          "-6", v6Str.c_str(),
+                          "-t", tunFdStr,
+                          "-r", sockReadStr,
+                          "-w", sockWriteStr,
+                          nullptr};
+    // clang-format on
+
+    // 3. register vfork requirement
+    posix_spawnattr_t attr;
+    if (int ret = posix_spawnattr_init(&attr)) {
+        throwIOException(env, "posix_spawnattr_init failed", ret);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    // TODO: use android::base::ScopeGuard.
+    if (int ret = posix_spawnattr_setflags(&attr, POSIX_SPAWN_USEVFORK)) {
+        posix_spawnattr_destroy(&attr);
+        throwIOException(env, "posix_spawnattr_setflags failed", ret);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    // 4. register dup2() action: this is what 'clears' the CLOEXEC flag
+    // on the tun fd that we want the child clatd process to inherit
+    // (this will happen after the vfork, and before the execve).
+    // Note that even though dup2(2) is a no-op if fd == new_fd but O_CLOEXEC flag will be removed.
+    // See implementation of bionic's posix_spawn_file_actions_adddup2().
+    posix_spawn_file_actions_t fa;
+    if (int ret = posix_spawn_file_actions_init(&fa)) {
+        posix_spawnattr_destroy(&attr);
+        throwIOException(env, "posix_spawn_file_actions_init failed", ret);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (int ret = posix_spawn_file_actions_adddup2(&fa, tunFd, tunFd)) {
+        posix_spawnattr_destroy(&attr);
+        posix_spawn_file_actions_destroy(&fa);
+        throwIOException(env, "posix_spawn_file_actions_adddup2 for tun fd failed", ret);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (int ret = posix_spawn_file_actions_adddup2(&fa, readSock, readSock)) {
+        posix_spawnattr_destroy(&attr);
+        posix_spawn_file_actions_destroy(&fa);
+        throwIOException(env, "posix_spawn_file_actions_adddup2 for read socket failed", ret);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (int ret = posix_spawn_file_actions_adddup2(&fa, writeSock, writeSock)) {
+        posix_spawnattr_destroy(&attr);
+        posix_spawn_file_actions_destroy(&fa);
+        throwIOException(env, "posix_spawn_file_actions_adddup2 for write socket failed", ret);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    // 5. actually perform vfork/dup2/execve
+    pid_t pid;
+    if (int ret = posix_spawn(&pid, kClatdPath, &fa, &attr, (char* const*)args, nullptr)) {
+        posix_spawnattr_destroy(&attr);
+        posix_spawn_file_actions_destroy(&fa);
+        throwIOException(env, "posix_spawn failed", ret);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    posix_spawnattr_destroy(&attr);
+    posix_spawn_file_actions_destroy(&fa);
+
+    // 6. Start BPF if any
+    if (!net::clat::initMaps()) {
+        net::clat::ClatdTracker tracker = {};
+        if (!initTracker(ifaceStr.c_str(), pfx96Str.c_str(), v4Str.c_str(), v6Str.c_str(),
+                &tracker)) {
+            net::clat::maybeStartBpf(tracker);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return pid;
+}
+
+// Stop clatd process. SIGTERM with timeout first, if fail, SIGKILL.
+// See stopProcess() in system/netd/server/NetdConstants.cpp.
+// TODO: have a function stopProcess(int pid, const char *name) in common location and call it.
+static constexpr int WAITPID_ATTEMPTS = 50;
+static constexpr int WAITPID_RETRY_INTERVAL_US = 100000;
+
+static void stopClatdProcess(int pid) {
+    int err = kill(pid, SIGTERM);
+    if (err) {
+        err = errno;
+    }
+    if (err == ESRCH) {
+        ALOGE("clatd child process %d unexpectedly disappeared", pid);
+        return;
+    }
+    if (err) {
+        ALOGE("Error killing clatd child process %d: %s", pid, strerror(err));
+    }
+    int status = 0;
+    int ret = 0;
+    for (int count = 0; ret == 0 && count < WAITPID_ATTEMPTS; count++) {
+        usleep(WAITPID_RETRY_INTERVAL_US);
+        ret = waitpid(pid, &status, WNOHANG);
+    }
+    if (ret == 0) {
+        ALOGE("Failed to SIGTERM clatd pid=%d, try SIGKILL", pid);
+        // TODO: fix that kill failed or waitpid doesn't return.
+        kill(pid, SIGKILL);
+        ret = waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
+    }
+    if (ret == -1) {
+        ALOGE("Error waiting for clatd child process %d: %s", pid, strerror(errno));
+    } else {
+        ALOGD("clatd process %d terminated status=%d", pid, status);
+    }
+}
+
+static void com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator_stopClatd(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz,
+                                                                      jstring iface, jstring pfx96,
+                                                                      jstring v4, jstring v6,
+                                                                      jint pid) {
+    ScopedUtfChars ifaceStr(env, iface);
+    ScopedUtfChars pfx96Str(env, pfx96);
+    ScopedUtfChars v4Str(env, v4);
+    ScopedUtfChars v6Str(env, v6);
+
+    if (pid <= 0) {
+        jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "Invalid pid");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!net::clat::initMaps()) {
+        net::clat::ClatdTracker tracker = {};
+        if (!initTracker(ifaceStr.c_str(), pfx96Str.c_str(), v4Str.c_str(), v6Str.c_str(),
+                &tracker)) {
+            net::clat::maybeStopBpf(tracker);
+        }
+    }
+
+    stopClatdProcess(pid);
+}
+
+static jlong com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator_tagSocketAsClat(
+        JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jobject sockJavaFd) {
+    int sockFd = netjniutils::GetNativeFileDescriptor(env, sockJavaFd);
+    if (sockFd < 0) {
+        jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "Invalid socket file descriptor");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    uint64_t sock_cookie = bpf::getSocketCookie(sockFd);
+    if (sock_cookie == bpf::NONEXISTENT_COOKIE) {
+        throwIOException(env, "get socket cookie failed", errno);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    bpf::BpfMap<uint64_t, UidTagValue> cookieTagMap;
+    auto res = cookieTagMap.init(COOKIE_TAG_MAP_PATH);
+    if (!res.ok()) {
+        throwIOException(env, "failed to init the cookieTagMap", res.error().code());
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    // Tag raw socket with uid AID_CLAT and set tag as zero because tag is unused in bpf
+    // program for counting data usage in netd.c. Tagging socket is used to avoid counting
+    // duplicated clat traffic in bpf stat.
+    UidTagValue newKey = {.uid = (uint32_t)AID_CLAT, .tag = 0 /* unused */};
+    res = cookieTagMap.writeValue(sock_cookie, newKey, BPF_ANY);
+    if (!res.ok()) {
+        jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "Failed to tag the socket: %s, fd: %d",
+                             strerror(res.error().code()), cookieTagMap.getMap().get());
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    ALOGI("tag uid AID_CLAT to socket fd %d, cookie %" PRIu64 "", sockFd, sock_cookie);
+    return static_cast<jlong>(sock_cookie);
+}
+
+static void com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator_untagSocket(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz,
+                                                                        jlong cookie) {
+    uint64_t sock_cookie = static_cast<uint64_t>(cookie);
+    if (sock_cookie == bpf::NONEXISTENT_COOKIE) {
+        jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "Invalid socket cookie");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // The reason that deleting entry from cookie tag map directly is that the tag socket destroy
+    // listener only monitors on group INET_TCP, INET_UDP, INET6_TCP, INET6_UDP. The other socket
+    // types, ex: raw, are not able to be removed automatically by the listener.
+    // See TrafficController::makeSkDestroyListener.
+    bpf::BpfMap<uint64_t, UidTagValue> cookieTagMap;
+    auto res = cookieTagMap.init(COOKIE_TAG_MAP_PATH);
+    if (!res.ok()) {
+        throwIOException(env, "failed to init the cookieTagMap", res.error().code());
+        return;
+    }
+
+    res = cookieTagMap.deleteValue(sock_cookie);
+    if (!res.ok()) {
+        jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "Failed to untag the socket: %s",
+                             strerror(res.error().code()));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ALOGI("untag socket cookie %" PRIu64 "", sock_cookie);
+    return;
+}
+
+/*
+ * JNI registration.
+ */
+static const JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = {
+        /* name, signature, funcPtr */
+        {"native_selectIpv4Address", "(Ljava/lang/String;I)Ljava/lang/String;",
+         (void*)com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator_selectIpv4Address},
+        {"native_generateIpv6Address",
+         "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/String;",
+         (void*)com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator_generateIpv6Address},
+        {"native_createTunInterface", "(Ljava/lang/String;)I",
+         (void*)com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator_createTunInterface},
+        {"native_detectMtu", "(Ljava/lang/String;II)I",
+         (void*)com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator_detectMtu},
+        {"native_openPacketSocket", "()I",
+         (void*)com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator_openPacketSocket},
+        {"native_openRawSocket6", "(I)I",
+         (void*)com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator_openRawSocket6},
+        {"native_addAnycastSetsockopt", "(Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;Ljava/lang/String;I)V",
+         (void*)com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator_addAnycastSetsockopt},
+        {"native_configurePacketSocket", "(Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;Ljava/lang/String;I)V",
+         (void*)com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator_configurePacketSocket},
+        {"native_startClatd",
+         "(Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;Ljava/lang/"
+         "String;Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)I",
+         (void*)com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator_startClatd},
+        {"native_stopClatd",
+         "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;I)V",
+         (void*)com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator_stopClatd},
+        {"native_tagSocketAsClat", "(Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;)J",
+         (void*)com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator_tagSocketAsClat},
+        {"native_untagSocket", "(J)V",
+         (void*)com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator_untagSocket},
+};
+
+int register_com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator(JNIEnv* env) {
+    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, "com/android/server/connectivity/ClatCoordinator",
+                                    gMethods, NELEM(gMethods));
+}
+
+};  // namespace android
diff --git a/service/jni/onload.cpp b/service/jni/onload.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d15d43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/jni/onload.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <nativehelper/JNIHelp.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+
+#include <android-modules-utils/sdk_level.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+int register_com_android_server_TestNetworkService(JNIEnv* env);
+int register_com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator(JNIEnv* env);
+int register_com_android_server_BpfNetMaps(JNIEnv* env);
+int register_android_server_net_NetworkStatsFactory(JNIEnv* env);
+int register_android_server_net_NetworkStatsService(JNIEnv* env);
+
+extern "C" jint JNI_OnLoad(JavaVM* vm, void*) {
+    JNIEnv *env;
+    if (vm->GetEnv(reinterpret_cast<void**>(&env), JNI_VERSION_1_6) != JNI_OK) {
+        ALOGE("GetEnv failed");
+        return JNI_ERR;
+    }
+
+    if (register_com_android_server_TestNetworkService(env) < 0) {
+        return JNI_ERR;
+    }
+
+    if (register_com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator(env) < 0) {
+        return JNI_ERR;
+    }
+
+    if (register_com_android_server_BpfNetMaps(env) < 0) {
+        return JNI_ERR;
+    }
+
+    if (android::modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastT()) {
+        if (register_android_server_net_NetworkStatsFactory(env) < 0) {
+            return JNI_ERR;
+        }
+
+        if (register_android_server_net_NetworkStatsService(env) < 0) {
+            return JNI_ERR;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return JNI_VERSION_1_6;
+}
+
+};
diff --git a/service/native/Android.bp b/service/native/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb26bc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/native/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+cc_library {
+    name: "libtraffic_controller",
+    defaults: ["netd_defaults"],
+    srcs: [
+        "TrafficController.cpp",
+    ],
+    header_libs: [
+        "bpf_connectivity_headers",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        // TrafficController would use the constants of INetd so that add
+        // netd_aidl_interface-lateststable-ndk.
+        "netd_aidl_interface-lateststable-ndk",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        // TODO: Find a good way to remove libbase.
+        "libbase",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libnetdutils",
+        "libutils",
+        "liblog",
+    ],
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+    sanitize: {
+        cfi: true,
+    },
+    apex_available: [
+        "com.android.tethering",
+    ],
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "traffic_controller_unit_test",
+    test_suites: ["general-tests"],
+    require_root: true,
+    local_include_dirs: ["include"],
+    header_libs: [
+        "bpf_connectivity_headers",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "TrafficControllerTest.cpp",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libgmock",
+        "liblog",
+        "libnetdutils",
+        "libtraffic_controller",
+        "libutils",
+        "libnetd_updatable",
+        "netd_aidl_interface-lateststable-ndk",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/service/native/TrafficController.cpp b/service/native/TrafficController.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e98edb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/native/TrafficController.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,821 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "TrafficController"
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <linux/if_ether.h>
+#include <linux/in.h>
+#include <linux/inet_diag.h>
+#include <linux/netlink.h>
+#include <linux/sock_diag.h>
+#include <linux/unistd.h>
+#include <net/if.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/utsname.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <map>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <android-base/strings.h>
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+#include <netdutils/StatusOr.h>
+#include <netdutils/Syscalls.h>
+#include <netdutils/UidConstants.h>
+#include <netdutils/Utils.h>
+#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
+
+#include "TrafficController.h"
+#include "bpf/BpfMap.h"
+#include "netdutils/DumpWriter.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace net {
+
+using base::StringPrintf;
+using base::unique_fd;
+using bpf::BpfMap;
+using bpf::synchronizeKernelRCU;
+using netdutils::DumpWriter;
+using netdutils::getIfaceList;
+using netdutils::NetlinkListener;
+using netdutils::NetlinkListenerInterface;
+using netdutils::ScopedIndent;
+using netdutils::Slice;
+using netdutils::sSyscalls;
+using netdutils::Status;
+using netdutils::statusFromErrno;
+using netdutils::StatusOr;
+
+constexpr int kSockDiagMsgType = SOCK_DIAG_BY_FAMILY;
+constexpr int kSockDiagDoneMsgType = NLMSG_DONE;
+
+const char* TrafficController::LOCAL_DOZABLE = "fw_dozable";
+const char* TrafficController::LOCAL_STANDBY = "fw_standby";
+const char* TrafficController::LOCAL_POWERSAVE = "fw_powersave";
+const char* TrafficController::LOCAL_RESTRICTED = "fw_restricted";
+const char* TrafficController::LOCAL_LOW_POWER_STANDBY = "fw_low_power_standby";
+
+static_assert(BPF_PERMISSION_INTERNET == INetd::PERMISSION_INTERNET,
+              "Mismatch between BPF and AIDL permissions: PERMISSION_INTERNET");
+static_assert(BPF_PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS == INetd::PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS,
+              "Mismatch between BPF and AIDL permissions: PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS");
+
+#define FLAG_MSG_TRANS(result, flag, value) \
+    do {                                    \
+        if ((value) & (flag)) {             \
+            (result).append(" " #flag);     \
+            (value) &= ~(flag);             \
+        }                                   \
+    } while (0)
+
+const std::string uidMatchTypeToString(uint8_t match) {
+    std::string matchType;
+    FLAG_MSG_TRANS(matchType, HAPPY_BOX_MATCH, match);
+    FLAG_MSG_TRANS(matchType, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH, match);
+    FLAG_MSG_TRANS(matchType, DOZABLE_MATCH, match);
+    FLAG_MSG_TRANS(matchType, STANDBY_MATCH, match);
+    FLAG_MSG_TRANS(matchType, POWERSAVE_MATCH, match);
+    FLAG_MSG_TRANS(matchType, RESTRICTED_MATCH, match);
+    FLAG_MSG_TRANS(matchType, LOW_POWER_STANDBY_MATCH, match);
+    FLAG_MSG_TRANS(matchType, IIF_MATCH, match);
+    if (match) {
+        return StringPrintf("Unknown match: %u", match);
+    }
+    return matchType;
+}
+
+bool TrafficController::hasUpdateDeviceStatsPermission(uid_t uid) {
+    // This implementation is the same logic as method ActivityManager#checkComponentPermission.
+    // It implies that the calling uid can never be the same as PER_USER_RANGE.
+    uint32_t appId = uid % PER_USER_RANGE;
+    return ((appId == AID_ROOT) || (appId == AID_SYSTEM) ||
+            mPrivilegedUser.find(appId) != mPrivilegedUser.end());
+}
+
+const std::string UidPermissionTypeToString(int permission) {
+    if (permission == INetd::PERMISSION_NONE) {
+        return "PERMISSION_NONE";
+    }
+    if (permission == INetd::PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED) {
+        // This should never appear in the map, complain loudly if it does.
+        return "PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED error!";
+    }
+    std::string permissionType;
+    FLAG_MSG_TRANS(permissionType, BPF_PERMISSION_INTERNET, permission);
+    FLAG_MSG_TRANS(permissionType, BPF_PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS, permission);
+    if (permission) {
+        return StringPrintf("Unknown permission: %u", permission);
+    }
+    return permissionType;
+}
+
+StatusOr<std::unique_ptr<NetlinkListenerInterface>> TrafficController::makeSkDestroyListener() {
+    const auto& sys = sSyscalls.get();
+    ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(auto event, sys.eventfd(0, EFD_CLOEXEC));
+    const int domain = AF_NETLINK;
+    const int type = SOCK_DGRAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC | SOCK_NONBLOCK;
+    const int protocol = NETLINK_INET_DIAG;
+    ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(auto sock, sys.socket(domain, type, protocol));
+
+    // TODO: if too many sockets are closed too quickly, we can overflow the socket buffer, and
+    // some entries in mCookieTagMap will not be freed. In order to fix this we would need to
+    // periodically dump all sockets and remove the tag entries for sockets that have been closed.
+    // For now, set a large-enough buffer that we can close hundreds of sockets without getting
+    // ENOBUFS and leaking mCookieTagMap entries.
+    int rcvbuf = 512 * 1024;
+    auto ret = sys.setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &rcvbuf, sizeof(rcvbuf));
+    if (!ret.ok()) {
+        ALOGW("Failed to set SkDestroyListener buffer size to %d: %s", rcvbuf, ret.msg().c_str());
+    }
+
+    sockaddr_nl addr = {
+        .nl_family = AF_NETLINK,
+        .nl_groups = 1 << (SKNLGRP_INET_TCP_DESTROY - 1) | 1 << (SKNLGRP_INET_UDP_DESTROY - 1) |
+                     1 << (SKNLGRP_INET6_TCP_DESTROY - 1) | 1 << (SKNLGRP_INET6_UDP_DESTROY - 1)};
+    RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(sys.bind(sock, addr));
+
+    const sockaddr_nl kernel = {.nl_family = AF_NETLINK};
+    RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(sys.connect(sock, kernel));
+
+    std::unique_ptr<NetlinkListenerInterface> listener =
+            std::make_unique<NetlinkListener>(std::move(event), std::move(sock), "SkDestroyListen");
+
+    return listener;
+}
+
+Status TrafficController::initMaps() {
+    std::lock_guard guard(mMutex);
+
+    RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(mCookieTagMap.init(COOKIE_TAG_MAP_PATH));
+    RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(mUidCounterSetMap.init(UID_COUNTERSET_MAP_PATH));
+    RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(mAppUidStatsMap.init(APP_UID_STATS_MAP_PATH));
+    RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(mStatsMapA.init(STATS_MAP_A_PATH));
+    RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(mStatsMapB.init(STATS_MAP_B_PATH));
+    RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(mIfaceIndexNameMap.init(IFACE_INDEX_NAME_MAP_PATH));
+    RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(mIfaceStatsMap.init(IFACE_STATS_MAP_PATH));
+
+    RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(mConfigurationMap.init(CONFIGURATION_MAP_PATH));
+    RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(
+            mConfigurationMap.writeValue(UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY, DEFAULT_CONFIG, BPF_ANY));
+    RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(mConfigurationMap.writeValue(CURRENT_STATS_MAP_CONFIGURATION_KEY, SELECT_MAP_A,
+                                                  BPF_ANY));
+
+    RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(mUidOwnerMap.init(UID_OWNER_MAP_PATH));
+    RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(mUidOwnerMap.clear());
+    RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(mUidPermissionMap.init(UID_PERMISSION_MAP_PATH));
+
+    return netdutils::status::ok;
+}
+
+Status TrafficController::start() {
+    RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(initMaps());
+
+    // Fetch the list of currently-existing interfaces. At this point NetlinkHandler is
+    // already running, so it will call addInterface() when any new interface appears.
+    // TODO: Clean-up addInterface() after interface monitoring is in
+    // NetworkStatsService.
+    std::map<std::string, uint32_t> ifacePairs;
+    ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(ifacePairs, getIfaceList());
+    for (const auto& ifacePair:ifacePairs) {
+        addInterface(ifacePair.first.c_str(), ifacePair.second);
+    }
+
+    auto result = makeSkDestroyListener();
+    if (!isOk(result)) {
+        ALOGE("Unable to create SkDestroyListener: %s", toString(result).c_str());
+    } else {
+        mSkDestroyListener = std::move(result.value());
+    }
+    // Rx handler extracts nfgenmsg looks up and invokes registered dispatch function.
+    const auto rxHandler = [this](const nlmsghdr&, const Slice msg) {
+        std::lock_guard guard(mMutex);
+        inet_diag_msg diagmsg = {};
+        if (extract(msg, diagmsg) < sizeof(inet_diag_msg)) {
+            ALOGE("Unrecognized netlink message: %s", toString(msg).c_str());
+            return;
+        }
+        uint64_t sock_cookie = static_cast<uint64_t>(diagmsg.id.idiag_cookie[0]) |
+                               (static_cast<uint64_t>(diagmsg.id.idiag_cookie[1]) << 32);
+
+        Status s = mCookieTagMap.deleteValue(sock_cookie);
+        if (!isOk(s) && s.code() != ENOENT) {
+            ALOGE("Failed to delete cookie %" PRIx64 ": %s", sock_cookie, toString(s).c_str());
+            return;
+        }
+    };
+    expectOk(mSkDestroyListener->subscribe(kSockDiagMsgType, rxHandler));
+
+    // In case multiple netlink message comes in as a stream, we need to handle the rxDone message
+    // properly.
+    const auto rxDoneHandler = [](const nlmsghdr&, const Slice msg) {
+        // Ignore NLMSG_DONE  messages
+        inet_diag_msg diagmsg = {};
+        extract(msg, diagmsg);
+    };
+    expectOk(mSkDestroyListener->subscribe(kSockDiagDoneMsgType, rxDoneHandler));
+
+    return netdutils::status::ok;
+}
+
+int TrafficController::addInterface(const char* name, uint32_t ifaceIndex) {
+    IfaceValue iface;
+    if (ifaceIndex == 0) {
+        ALOGE("Unknown interface %s(%d)", name, ifaceIndex);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    strlcpy(iface.name, name, sizeof(IfaceValue));
+    Status res = mIfaceIndexNameMap.writeValue(ifaceIndex, iface, BPF_ANY);
+    if (!isOk(res)) {
+        ALOGE("Failed to add iface %s(%d): %s", name, ifaceIndex, strerror(res.code()));
+        return -res.code();
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+Status TrafficController::updateOwnerMapEntry(UidOwnerMatchType match, uid_t uid, FirewallRule rule,
+                                              FirewallType type) {
+    std::lock_guard guard(mMutex);
+    if ((rule == ALLOW && type == ALLOWLIST) || (rule == DENY && type == DENYLIST)) {
+        RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(addRule(uid, match));
+    } else if ((rule == ALLOW && type == DENYLIST) || (rule == DENY && type == ALLOWLIST)) {
+        RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(removeRule(uid, match));
+    } else {
+        //Cannot happen.
+        return statusFromErrno(EINVAL, "");
+    }
+    return netdutils::status::ok;
+}
+
+Status TrafficController::removeRule(uint32_t uid, UidOwnerMatchType match) {
+    auto oldMatch = mUidOwnerMap.readValue(uid);
+    if (oldMatch.ok()) {
+        UidOwnerValue newMatch = {
+                .iif = (match == IIF_MATCH) ? 0 : oldMatch.value().iif,
+                .rule = static_cast<uint8_t>(oldMatch.value().rule & ~match),
+        };
+        if (newMatch.rule == 0) {
+            RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(mUidOwnerMap.deleteValue(uid));
+        } else {
+            RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(mUidOwnerMap.writeValue(uid, newMatch, BPF_ANY));
+        }
+    } else {
+        return statusFromErrno(ENOENT, StringPrintf("uid: %u does not exist in map", uid));
+    }
+    return netdutils::status::ok;
+}
+
+Status TrafficController::addRule(uint32_t uid, UidOwnerMatchType match, uint32_t iif) {
+    // iif should be non-zero if and only if match == MATCH_IIF
+    if (match == IIF_MATCH && iif == 0) {
+        return statusFromErrno(EINVAL, "Interface match must have nonzero interface index");
+    } else if (match != IIF_MATCH && iif != 0) {
+        return statusFromErrno(EINVAL, "Non-interface match must have zero interface index");
+    }
+    auto oldMatch = mUidOwnerMap.readValue(uid);
+    if (oldMatch.ok()) {
+        UidOwnerValue newMatch = {
+                .iif = iif ? iif : oldMatch.value().iif,
+                .rule = static_cast<uint8_t>(oldMatch.value().rule | match),
+        };
+        RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(mUidOwnerMap.writeValue(uid, newMatch, BPF_ANY));
+    } else {
+        UidOwnerValue newMatch = {
+                .iif = iif,
+                .rule = static_cast<uint8_t>(match),
+        };
+        RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(mUidOwnerMap.writeValue(uid, newMatch, BPF_ANY));
+    }
+    return netdutils::status::ok;
+}
+
+Status TrafficController::updateUidOwnerMap(const uint32_t uid,
+                                            UidOwnerMatchType matchType, IptOp op) {
+    std::lock_guard guard(mMutex);
+    if (op == IptOpDelete) {
+        RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(removeRule(uid, matchType));
+    } else if (op == IptOpInsert) {
+        RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(addRule(uid, matchType));
+    } else {
+        // Cannot happen.
+        return statusFromErrno(EINVAL, StringPrintf("invalid IptOp: %d, %d", op, matchType));
+    }
+    return netdutils::status::ok;
+}
+
+FirewallType TrafficController::getFirewallType(ChildChain chain) {
+    switch (chain) {
+        case DOZABLE:
+            return ALLOWLIST;
+        case STANDBY:
+            return DENYLIST;
+        case POWERSAVE:
+            return ALLOWLIST;
+        case RESTRICTED:
+            return ALLOWLIST;
+        case LOW_POWER_STANDBY:
+            return ALLOWLIST;
+        case NONE:
+        default:
+            return DENYLIST;
+    }
+}
+
+int TrafficController::changeUidOwnerRule(ChildChain chain, uid_t uid, FirewallRule rule,
+                                          FirewallType type) {
+    Status res;
+    switch (chain) {
+        case DOZABLE:
+            res = updateOwnerMapEntry(DOZABLE_MATCH, uid, rule, type);
+            break;
+        case STANDBY:
+            res = updateOwnerMapEntry(STANDBY_MATCH, uid, rule, type);
+            break;
+        case POWERSAVE:
+            res = updateOwnerMapEntry(POWERSAVE_MATCH, uid, rule, type);
+            break;
+        case RESTRICTED:
+            res = updateOwnerMapEntry(RESTRICTED_MATCH, uid, rule, type);
+            break;
+        case LOW_POWER_STANDBY:
+            res = updateOwnerMapEntry(LOW_POWER_STANDBY_MATCH, uid, rule, type);
+            break;
+        case NONE:
+        default:
+            ALOGW("Unknown child chain: %d", chain);
+            return -EINVAL;
+    }
+    if (!isOk(res)) {
+        ALOGE("change uid(%u) rule of %d failed: %s, rule: %d, type: %d", uid, chain,
+              res.msg().c_str(), rule, type);
+        return -res.code();
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+Status TrafficController::replaceRulesInMap(const UidOwnerMatchType match,
+                                            const std::vector<int32_t>& uids) {
+    std::lock_guard guard(mMutex);
+    std::set<int32_t> uidSet(uids.begin(), uids.end());
+    std::vector<uint32_t> uidsToDelete;
+    auto getUidsToDelete = [&uidsToDelete, &uidSet](const uint32_t& key,
+                                                    const BpfMap<uint32_t, UidOwnerValue>&) {
+        if (uidSet.find((int32_t) key) == uidSet.end()) {
+            uidsToDelete.push_back(key);
+        }
+        return base::Result<void>();
+    };
+    RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(mUidOwnerMap.iterate(getUidsToDelete));
+
+    for(auto uid : uidsToDelete) {
+        RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(removeRule(uid, match));
+    }
+
+    for (auto uid : uids) {
+        RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(addRule(uid, match));
+    }
+    return netdutils::status::ok;
+}
+
+Status TrafficController::addUidInterfaceRules(const int iif,
+                                               const std::vector<int32_t>& uidsToAdd) {
+    if (!iif) {
+        return statusFromErrno(EINVAL, "Interface rule must specify interface");
+    }
+    std::lock_guard guard(mMutex);
+
+    for (auto uid : uidsToAdd) {
+        netdutils::Status result = addRule(uid, IIF_MATCH, iif);
+        if (!isOk(result)) {
+            ALOGW("addRule failed(%d): uid=%d iif=%d", result.code(), uid, iif);
+        }
+    }
+    return netdutils::status::ok;
+}
+
+Status TrafficController::removeUidInterfaceRules(const std::vector<int32_t>& uidsToDelete) {
+    std::lock_guard guard(mMutex);
+
+    for (auto uid : uidsToDelete) {
+        netdutils::Status result = removeRule(uid, IIF_MATCH);
+        if (!isOk(result)) {
+            ALOGW("removeRule failed(%d): uid=%d", result.code(), uid);
+        }
+    }
+    return netdutils::status::ok;
+}
+
+int TrafficController::replaceUidOwnerMap(const std::string& name, bool isAllowlist __unused,
+                                          const std::vector<int32_t>& uids) {
+    // FirewallRule rule = isAllowlist ? ALLOW : DENY;
+    // FirewallType type = isAllowlist ? ALLOWLIST : DENYLIST;
+    Status res;
+    if (!name.compare(LOCAL_DOZABLE)) {
+        res = replaceRulesInMap(DOZABLE_MATCH, uids);
+    } else if (!name.compare(LOCAL_STANDBY)) {
+        res = replaceRulesInMap(STANDBY_MATCH, uids);
+    } else if (!name.compare(LOCAL_POWERSAVE)) {
+        res = replaceRulesInMap(POWERSAVE_MATCH, uids);
+    } else if (!name.compare(LOCAL_RESTRICTED)) {
+        res = replaceRulesInMap(RESTRICTED_MATCH, uids);
+    } else if (!name.compare(LOCAL_LOW_POWER_STANDBY)) {
+        res = replaceRulesInMap(LOW_POWER_STANDBY_MATCH, uids);
+    } else {
+        ALOGE("unknown chain name: %s", name.c_str());
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+    if (!isOk(res)) {
+        ALOGE("Failed to clean up chain: %s: %s", name.c_str(), res.msg().c_str());
+        return -res.code();
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int TrafficController::toggleUidOwnerMap(ChildChain chain, bool enable) {
+    std::lock_guard guard(mMutex);
+    uint32_t key = UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY;
+    auto oldConfiguration = mConfigurationMap.readValue(key);
+    if (!oldConfiguration.ok()) {
+        ALOGE("Cannot read the old configuration from map: %s",
+              oldConfiguration.error().message().c_str());
+        return -oldConfiguration.error().code();
+    }
+    Status res;
+    BpfConfig newConfiguration;
+    uint8_t match;
+    switch (chain) {
+        case DOZABLE:
+            match = DOZABLE_MATCH;
+            break;
+        case STANDBY:
+            match = STANDBY_MATCH;
+            break;
+        case POWERSAVE:
+            match = POWERSAVE_MATCH;
+            break;
+        case RESTRICTED:
+            match = RESTRICTED_MATCH;
+            break;
+        case LOW_POWER_STANDBY:
+            match = LOW_POWER_STANDBY_MATCH;
+            break;
+        default:
+            return -EINVAL;
+    }
+    newConfiguration =
+            enable ? (oldConfiguration.value() | match) : (oldConfiguration.value() & (~match));
+    res = mConfigurationMap.writeValue(key, newConfiguration, BPF_EXIST);
+    if (!isOk(res)) {
+        ALOGE("Failed to toggleUidOwnerMap(%d): %s", chain, res.msg().c_str());
+    }
+    return -res.code();
+}
+
+Status TrafficController::swapActiveStatsMap() {
+    std::lock_guard guard(mMutex);
+
+    uint32_t key = CURRENT_STATS_MAP_CONFIGURATION_KEY;
+    auto oldConfiguration = mConfigurationMap.readValue(key);
+    if (!oldConfiguration.ok()) {
+        ALOGE("Cannot read the old configuration from map: %s",
+              oldConfiguration.error().message().c_str());
+        return Status(oldConfiguration.error().code(), oldConfiguration.error().message());
+    }
+
+    // Write to the configuration map to inform the kernel eBPF program to switch
+    // from using one map to the other. Use flag BPF_EXIST here since the map should
+    // be already populated in initMaps.
+    uint8_t newConfigure = (oldConfiguration.value() == SELECT_MAP_A) ? SELECT_MAP_B : SELECT_MAP_A;
+    auto res = mConfigurationMap.writeValue(CURRENT_STATS_MAP_CONFIGURATION_KEY, newConfigure,
+                                            BPF_EXIST);
+    if (!res.ok()) {
+        ALOGE("Failed to toggle the stats map: %s", strerror(res.error().code()));
+        return res;
+    }
+    // After changing the config, we need to make sure all the current running
+    // eBPF programs are finished and all the CPUs are aware of this config change
+    // before we modify the old map. So we do a special hack here to wait for
+    // the kernel to do a synchronize_rcu(). Once the kernel called
+    // synchronize_rcu(), the config we just updated will be available to all cores
+    // and the next eBPF programs triggered inside the kernel will use the new
+    // map configuration. So once this function returns we can safely modify the
+    // old stats map without concerning about race between the kernel and
+    // userspace.
+    int ret = synchronizeKernelRCU();
+    if (ret) {
+        ALOGE("map swap synchronize_rcu() ended with failure: %s", strerror(-ret));
+        return statusFromErrno(-ret, "map swap synchronize_rcu() failed");
+    }
+    return netdutils::status::ok;
+}
+
+void TrafficController::setPermissionForUids(int permission, const std::vector<uid_t>& uids) {
+    std::lock_guard guard(mMutex);
+    if (permission == INetd::PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED) {
+        for (uid_t uid : uids) {
+            // Clean up all permission information for the related uid if all the
+            // packages related to it are uninstalled.
+            mPrivilegedUser.erase(uid);
+            Status ret = mUidPermissionMap.deleteValue(uid);
+            if (!isOk(ret) && ret.code() != ENOENT) {
+                ALOGE("Failed to clean up the permission for %u: %s", uid, strerror(ret.code()));
+            }
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    bool privileged = (permission & INetd::PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS);
+
+    for (uid_t uid : uids) {
+        if (privileged) {
+            mPrivilegedUser.insert(uid);
+        } else {
+            mPrivilegedUser.erase(uid);
+        }
+
+        // The map stores all the permissions that the UID has, except if the only permission
+        // the UID has is the INTERNET permission, then the UID should not appear in the map.
+        if (permission != INetd::PERMISSION_INTERNET) {
+            Status ret = mUidPermissionMap.writeValue(uid, permission, BPF_ANY);
+            if (!isOk(ret)) {
+                ALOGE("Failed to set permission: %s of uid(%u) to permission map: %s",
+                      UidPermissionTypeToString(permission).c_str(), uid, strerror(ret.code()));
+            }
+        } else {
+            Status ret = mUidPermissionMap.deleteValue(uid);
+            if (!isOk(ret) && ret.code() != ENOENT) {
+                ALOGE("Failed to remove uid %u from permission map: %s", uid, strerror(ret.code()));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+std::string getProgramStatus(const char *path) {
+    int ret = access(path, R_OK);
+    if (ret == 0) {
+        return StringPrintf("OK");
+    }
+    if (ret != 0 && errno == ENOENT) {
+        return StringPrintf("program is missing at: %s", path);
+    }
+    return StringPrintf("check Program %s error: %s", path, strerror(errno));
+}
+
+std::string getMapStatus(const base::unique_fd& map_fd, const char* path) {
+    if (map_fd.get() < 0) {
+        return StringPrintf("map fd lost");
+    }
+    if (access(path, F_OK) != 0) {
+        return StringPrintf("map not pinned to location: %s", path);
+    }
+    return StringPrintf("OK");
+}
+
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-runtime-references): grandfathered pass by non-const reference
+void dumpBpfMap(const std::string& mapName, DumpWriter& dw, const std::string& header) {
+    dw.blankline();
+    dw.println("%s:", mapName.c_str());
+    if (!header.empty()) {
+        dw.println(header);
+    }
+}
+
+void TrafficController::dump(int fd, bool verbose) {
+    std::lock_guard guard(mMutex);
+    DumpWriter dw(fd);
+
+    ScopedIndent indentTop(dw);
+    dw.println("TrafficController");
+
+    ScopedIndent indentPreBpfModule(dw);
+
+    dw.blankline();
+    dw.println("mCookieTagMap status: %s",
+               getMapStatus(mCookieTagMap.getMap(), COOKIE_TAG_MAP_PATH).c_str());
+    dw.println("mUidCounterSetMap status: %s",
+               getMapStatus(mUidCounterSetMap.getMap(), UID_COUNTERSET_MAP_PATH).c_str());
+    dw.println("mAppUidStatsMap status: %s",
+               getMapStatus(mAppUidStatsMap.getMap(), APP_UID_STATS_MAP_PATH).c_str());
+    dw.println("mStatsMapA status: %s",
+               getMapStatus(mStatsMapA.getMap(), STATS_MAP_A_PATH).c_str());
+    dw.println("mStatsMapB status: %s",
+               getMapStatus(mStatsMapB.getMap(), STATS_MAP_B_PATH).c_str());
+    dw.println("mIfaceIndexNameMap status: %s",
+               getMapStatus(mIfaceIndexNameMap.getMap(), IFACE_INDEX_NAME_MAP_PATH).c_str());
+    dw.println("mIfaceStatsMap status: %s",
+               getMapStatus(mIfaceStatsMap.getMap(), IFACE_STATS_MAP_PATH).c_str());
+    dw.println("mConfigurationMap status: %s",
+               getMapStatus(mConfigurationMap.getMap(), CONFIGURATION_MAP_PATH).c_str());
+    dw.println("mUidOwnerMap status: %s",
+               getMapStatus(mUidOwnerMap.getMap(), UID_OWNER_MAP_PATH).c_str());
+
+    dw.blankline();
+    dw.println("Cgroup ingress program status: %s",
+               getProgramStatus(BPF_INGRESS_PROG_PATH).c_str());
+    dw.println("Cgroup egress program status: %s", getProgramStatus(BPF_EGRESS_PROG_PATH).c_str());
+    dw.println("xt_bpf ingress program status: %s",
+               getProgramStatus(XT_BPF_INGRESS_PROG_PATH).c_str());
+    dw.println("xt_bpf egress program status: %s",
+               getProgramStatus(XT_BPF_EGRESS_PROG_PATH).c_str());
+    dw.println("xt_bpf bandwidth allowlist program status: %s",
+               getProgramStatus(XT_BPF_ALLOWLIST_PROG_PATH).c_str());
+    dw.println("xt_bpf bandwidth denylist program status: %s",
+               getProgramStatus(XT_BPF_DENYLIST_PROG_PATH).c_str());
+
+    if (!verbose) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    dw.blankline();
+    dw.println("BPF map content:");
+
+    ScopedIndent indentForMapContent(dw);
+
+    // Print CookieTagMap content.
+    dumpBpfMap("mCookieTagMap", dw, "");
+    const auto printCookieTagInfo = [&dw](const uint64_t& key, const UidTagValue& value,
+                                          const BpfMap<uint64_t, UidTagValue>&) {
+        dw.println("cookie=%" PRIu64 " tag=0x%x uid=%u", key, value.tag, value.uid);
+        return base::Result<void>();
+    };
+    base::Result<void> res = mCookieTagMap.iterateWithValue(printCookieTagInfo);
+    if (!res.ok()) {
+        dw.println("mCookieTagMap print end with error: %s", res.error().message().c_str());
+    }
+
+    // Print UidCounterSetMap content.
+    dumpBpfMap("mUidCounterSetMap", dw, "");
+    const auto printUidInfo = [&dw](const uint32_t& key, const uint8_t& value,
+                                    const BpfMap<uint32_t, uint8_t>&) {
+        dw.println("%u %u", key, value);
+        return base::Result<void>();
+    };
+    res = mUidCounterSetMap.iterateWithValue(printUidInfo);
+    if (!res.ok()) {
+        dw.println("mUidCounterSetMap print end with error: %s", res.error().message().c_str());
+    }
+
+    // Print AppUidStatsMap content.
+    std::string appUidStatsHeader = StringPrintf("uid rxBytes rxPackets txBytes txPackets");
+    dumpBpfMap("mAppUidStatsMap:", dw, appUidStatsHeader);
+    auto printAppUidStatsInfo = [&dw](const uint32_t& key, const StatsValue& value,
+                                      const BpfMap<uint32_t, StatsValue>&) {
+        dw.println("%u %" PRIu64 " %" PRIu64 " %" PRIu64 " %" PRIu64, key, value.rxBytes,
+                   value.rxPackets, value.txBytes, value.txPackets);
+        return base::Result<void>();
+    };
+    res = mAppUidStatsMap.iterateWithValue(printAppUidStatsInfo);
+    if (!res.ok()) {
+        dw.println("mAppUidStatsMap print end with error: %s", res.error().message().c_str());
+    }
+
+    // Print uidStatsMap content.
+    std::string statsHeader = StringPrintf("ifaceIndex ifaceName tag_hex uid_int cnt_set rxBytes"
+                                           " rxPackets txBytes txPackets");
+    dumpBpfMap("mStatsMapA", dw, statsHeader);
+    const auto printStatsInfo = [&dw, this](const StatsKey& key, const StatsValue& value,
+                                            const BpfMap<StatsKey, StatsValue>&) {
+        uint32_t ifIndex = key.ifaceIndex;
+        auto ifname = mIfaceIndexNameMap.readValue(ifIndex);
+        if (!ifname.ok()) {
+            ifname = IfaceValue{"unknown"};
+        }
+        dw.println("%u %s 0x%x %u %u %" PRIu64 " %" PRIu64 " %" PRIu64 " %" PRIu64, ifIndex,
+                   ifname.value().name, key.tag, key.uid, key.counterSet, value.rxBytes,
+                   value.rxPackets, value.txBytes, value.txPackets);
+        return base::Result<void>();
+    };
+    res = mStatsMapA.iterateWithValue(printStatsInfo);
+    if (!res.ok()) {
+        dw.println("mStatsMapA print end with error: %s", res.error().message().c_str());
+    }
+
+    // Print TagStatsMap content.
+    dumpBpfMap("mStatsMapB", dw, statsHeader);
+    res = mStatsMapB.iterateWithValue(printStatsInfo);
+    if (!res.ok()) {
+        dw.println("mStatsMapB print end with error: %s", res.error().message().c_str());
+    }
+
+    // Print ifaceIndexToNameMap content.
+    dumpBpfMap("mIfaceIndexNameMap", dw, "");
+    const auto printIfaceNameInfo = [&dw](const uint32_t& key, const IfaceValue& value,
+                                          const BpfMap<uint32_t, IfaceValue>&) {
+        const char* ifname = value.name;
+        dw.println("ifaceIndex=%u ifaceName=%s", key, ifname);
+        return base::Result<void>();
+    };
+    res = mIfaceIndexNameMap.iterateWithValue(printIfaceNameInfo);
+    if (!res.ok()) {
+        dw.println("mIfaceIndexNameMap print end with error: %s", res.error().message().c_str());
+    }
+
+    // Print ifaceStatsMap content
+    std::string ifaceStatsHeader = StringPrintf("ifaceIndex ifaceName rxBytes rxPackets txBytes"
+                                                " txPackets");
+    dumpBpfMap("mIfaceStatsMap:", dw, ifaceStatsHeader);
+    const auto printIfaceStatsInfo = [&dw, this](const uint32_t& key, const StatsValue& value,
+                                                 const BpfMap<uint32_t, StatsValue>&) {
+        auto ifname = mIfaceIndexNameMap.readValue(key);
+        if (!ifname.ok()) {
+            ifname = IfaceValue{"unknown"};
+        }
+        dw.println("%u %s %" PRIu64 " %" PRIu64 " %" PRIu64 " %" PRIu64, key, ifname.value().name,
+                   value.rxBytes, value.rxPackets, value.txBytes, value.txPackets);
+        return base::Result<void>();
+    };
+    res = mIfaceStatsMap.iterateWithValue(printIfaceStatsInfo);
+    if (!res.ok()) {
+        dw.println("mIfaceStatsMap print end with error: %s", res.error().message().c_str());
+    }
+
+    dw.blankline();
+
+    uint32_t key = UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY;
+    auto configuration = mConfigurationMap.readValue(key);
+    if (configuration.ok()) {
+        dw.println("current ownerMatch configuration: %d%s", configuration.value(),
+                   uidMatchTypeToString(configuration.value()).c_str());
+    } else {
+        dw.println("mConfigurationMap read ownerMatch configure failed with error: %s",
+                   configuration.error().message().c_str());
+    }
+
+    key = CURRENT_STATS_MAP_CONFIGURATION_KEY;
+    configuration = mConfigurationMap.readValue(key);
+    if (configuration.ok()) {
+        const char* statsMapDescription = "???";
+        switch (configuration.value()) {
+            case SELECT_MAP_A:
+                statsMapDescription = "SELECT_MAP_A";
+                break;
+            case SELECT_MAP_B:
+                statsMapDescription = "SELECT_MAP_B";
+                break;
+                // No default clause, so if we ever add a third map, this code will fail to build.
+        }
+        dw.println("current statsMap configuration: %d %s", configuration.value(),
+                   statsMapDescription);
+    } else {
+        dw.println("mConfigurationMap read stats map configure failed with error: %s",
+                   configuration.error().message().c_str());
+    }
+    dumpBpfMap("mUidOwnerMap", dw, "");
+    const auto printUidMatchInfo = [&dw, this](const uint32_t& key, const UidOwnerValue& value,
+                                               const BpfMap<uint32_t, UidOwnerValue>&) {
+        if (value.rule & IIF_MATCH) {
+            auto ifname = mIfaceIndexNameMap.readValue(value.iif);
+            if (ifname.ok()) {
+                dw.println("%u %s %s", key, uidMatchTypeToString(value.rule).c_str(),
+                           ifname.value().name);
+            } else {
+                dw.println("%u %s %u", key, uidMatchTypeToString(value.rule).c_str(), value.iif);
+            }
+        } else {
+            dw.println("%u %s", key, uidMatchTypeToString(value.rule).c_str());
+        }
+        return base::Result<void>();
+    };
+    res = mUidOwnerMap.iterateWithValue(printUidMatchInfo);
+    if (!res.ok()) {
+        dw.println("mUidOwnerMap print end with error: %s", res.error().message().c_str());
+    }
+    dumpBpfMap("mUidPermissionMap", dw, "");
+    const auto printUidPermissionInfo = [&dw](const uint32_t& key, const int& value,
+                                              const BpfMap<uint32_t, uint8_t>&) {
+        dw.println("%u %s", key, UidPermissionTypeToString(value).c_str());
+        return base::Result<void>();
+    };
+    res = mUidPermissionMap.iterateWithValue(printUidPermissionInfo);
+    if (!res.ok()) {
+        dw.println("mUidPermissionMap print end with error: %s", res.error().message().c_str());
+    }
+
+    dumpBpfMap("mPrivilegedUser", dw, "");
+    for (uid_t uid : mPrivilegedUser) {
+        dw.println("%u ALLOW_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS", (uint32_t)uid);
+    }
+}
+
+}  // namespace net
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/service/native/TrafficControllerTest.cpp b/service/native/TrafficControllerTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9529cae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/native/TrafficControllerTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,717 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ * TrafficControllerTest.cpp - unit tests for TrafficController.cpp
+ */
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <linux/inet_diag.h>
+#include <linux/sock_diag.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <android-base/strings.h>
+#include <binder/Status.h>
+
+#include <netdutils/MockSyscalls.h>
+
+#include "TrafficController.h"
+#include "bpf/BpfUtils.h"
+#include "NetdUpdatablePublic.h"
+
+using namespace android::bpf;  // NOLINT(google-build-using-namespace): grandfathered
+
+namespace android {
+namespace net {
+
+using android::netdutils::Status;
+using base::Result;
+using netdutils::isOk;
+
+constexpr int TEST_MAP_SIZE = 10;
+constexpr uid_t TEST_UID = 10086;
+constexpr uid_t TEST_UID2 = 54321;
+constexpr uid_t TEST_UID3 = 98765;
+constexpr uint32_t TEST_TAG = 42;
+constexpr uint32_t TEST_COUNTERSET = 1;
+
+#define ASSERT_VALID(x) ASSERT_TRUE((x).isValid())
+
+class TrafficControllerTest : public ::testing::Test {
+  protected:
+    TrafficControllerTest() {}
+    TrafficController mTc;
+    BpfMap<uint64_t, UidTagValue> mFakeCookieTagMap;
+    BpfMap<uint32_t, StatsValue> mFakeAppUidStatsMap;
+    BpfMap<StatsKey, StatsValue> mFakeStatsMapA;
+    BpfMap<uint32_t, uint8_t> mFakeConfigurationMap;
+    BpfMap<uint32_t, UidOwnerValue> mFakeUidOwnerMap;
+    BpfMap<uint32_t, uint8_t> mFakeUidPermissionMap;
+
+    void SetUp() {
+        std::lock_guard guard(mTc.mMutex);
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, setrlimitForTest());
+
+        mFakeCookieTagMap.reset(createMap(BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH, sizeof(uint64_t), sizeof(UidTagValue),
+                                          TEST_MAP_SIZE, 0));
+        ASSERT_VALID(mFakeCookieTagMap);
+
+        mFakeAppUidStatsMap.reset(createMap(BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH, sizeof(uint32_t), sizeof(StatsValue),
+                                            TEST_MAP_SIZE, 0));
+        ASSERT_VALID(mFakeAppUidStatsMap);
+
+        mFakeStatsMapA.reset(createMap(BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH, sizeof(StatsKey), sizeof(StatsValue),
+                                       TEST_MAP_SIZE, 0));
+        ASSERT_VALID(mFakeStatsMapA);
+
+        mFakeConfigurationMap.reset(
+                createMap(BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH, sizeof(uint32_t), sizeof(uint8_t), 1, 0));
+        ASSERT_VALID(mFakeConfigurationMap);
+
+        mFakeUidOwnerMap.reset(createMap(BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH, sizeof(uint32_t), sizeof(UidOwnerValue),
+                                         TEST_MAP_SIZE, 0));
+        ASSERT_VALID(mFakeUidOwnerMap);
+        mFakeUidPermissionMap.reset(
+                createMap(BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH, sizeof(uint32_t), sizeof(uint8_t), TEST_MAP_SIZE, 0));
+        ASSERT_VALID(mFakeUidPermissionMap);
+
+        mTc.mCookieTagMap.reset(dupFd(mFakeCookieTagMap.getMap()));
+        ASSERT_VALID(mTc.mCookieTagMap);
+        mTc.mAppUidStatsMap.reset(dupFd(mFakeAppUidStatsMap.getMap()));
+        ASSERT_VALID(mTc.mAppUidStatsMap);
+        mTc.mStatsMapA.reset(dupFd(mFakeStatsMapA.getMap()));
+        ASSERT_VALID(mTc.mStatsMapA);
+        mTc.mConfigurationMap.reset(dupFd(mFakeConfigurationMap.getMap()));
+        ASSERT_VALID(mTc.mConfigurationMap);
+
+        // Always write to stats map A by default.
+        ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mTc.mConfigurationMap.writeValue(CURRENT_STATS_MAP_CONFIGURATION_KEY,
+                                                          SELECT_MAP_A, BPF_ANY));
+        mTc.mUidOwnerMap.reset(dupFd(mFakeUidOwnerMap.getMap()));
+        ASSERT_VALID(mTc.mUidOwnerMap);
+        mTc.mUidPermissionMap.reset(dupFd(mFakeUidPermissionMap.getMap()));
+        ASSERT_VALID(mTc.mUidPermissionMap);
+        mTc.mPrivilegedUser.clear();
+    }
+
+    int dupFd(const android::base::unique_fd& mapFd) {
+        return fcntl(mapFd.get(), F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 0);
+    }
+
+    void populateFakeStats(uint64_t cookie, uint32_t uid, uint32_t tag, StatsKey* key) {
+        UidTagValue cookieMapkey = {.uid = (uint32_t)uid, .tag = tag};
+        EXPECT_RESULT_OK(mFakeCookieTagMap.writeValue(cookie, cookieMapkey, BPF_ANY));
+        *key = {.uid = uid, .tag = tag, .counterSet = TEST_COUNTERSET, .ifaceIndex = 1};
+        StatsValue statsMapValue = {.rxPackets = 1, .rxBytes = 100};
+        EXPECT_RESULT_OK(mFakeStatsMapA.writeValue(*key, statsMapValue, BPF_ANY));
+        key->tag = 0;
+        EXPECT_RESULT_OK(mFakeStatsMapA.writeValue(*key, statsMapValue, BPF_ANY));
+        EXPECT_RESULT_OK(mFakeAppUidStatsMap.writeValue(uid, statsMapValue, BPF_ANY));
+        // put tag information back to statsKey
+        key->tag = tag;
+    }
+
+    void checkUidOwnerRuleForChain(ChildChain chain, UidOwnerMatchType match) {
+        uint32_t uid = TEST_UID;
+        EXPECT_EQ(0, mTc.changeUidOwnerRule(chain, uid, DENY, DENYLIST));
+        Result<UidOwnerValue> value = mFakeUidOwnerMap.readValue(uid);
+        EXPECT_RESULT_OK(value);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(value.value().rule & match);
+
+        uid = TEST_UID2;
+        EXPECT_EQ(0, mTc.changeUidOwnerRule(chain, uid, ALLOW, ALLOWLIST));
+        value = mFakeUidOwnerMap.readValue(uid);
+        EXPECT_RESULT_OK(value);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(value.value().rule & match);
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(0, mTc.changeUidOwnerRule(chain, uid, DENY, ALLOWLIST));
+        value = mFakeUidOwnerMap.readValue(uid);
+        EXPECT_FALSE(value.ok());
+        EXPECT_EQ(ENOENT, value.error().code());
+
+        uid = TEST_UID;
+        EXPECT_EQ(0, mTc.changeUidOwnerRule(chain, uid, ALLOW, DENYLIST));
+        value = mFakeUidOwnerMap.readValue(uid);
+        EXPECT_FALSE(value.ok());
+        EXPECT_EQ(ENOENT, value.error().code());
+
+        uid = TEST_UID3;
+        EXPECT_EQ(-ENOENT, mTc.changeUidOwnerRule(chain, uid, ALLOW, DENYLIST));
+        value = mFakeUidOwnerMap.readValue(uid);
+        EXPECT_FALSE(value.ok());
+        EXPECT_EQ(ENOENT, value.error().code());
+    }
+
+    void checkEachUidValue(const std::vector<int32_t>& uids, UidOwnerMatchType match) {
+        for (uint32_t uid : uids) {
+            Result<UidOwnerValue> value = mFakeUidOwnerMap.readValue(uid);
+            EXPECT_RESULT_OK(value);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(value.value().rule & match);
+        }
+        std::set<uint32_t> uidSet(uids.begin(), uids.end());
+        const auto checkNoOtherUid = [&uidSet](const int32_t& key,
+                                               const BpfMap<uint32_t, UidOwnerValue>&) {
+            EXPECT_NE(uidSet.end(), uidSet.find(key));
+            return Result<void>();
+        };
+        EXPECT_RESULT_OK(mFakeUidOwnerMap.iterate(checkNoOtherUid));
+    }
+
+    void checkUidMapReplace(const std::string& name, const std::vector<int32_t>& uids,
+                            UidOwnerMatchType match) {
+        bool isAllowlist = true;
+        EXPECT_EQ(0, mTc.replaceUidOwnerMap(name, isAllowlist, uids));
+        checkEachUidValue(uids, match);
+
+        isAllowlist = false;
+        EXPECT_EQ(0, mTc.replaceUidOwnerMap(name, isAllowlist, uids));
+        checkEachUidValue(uids, match);
+    }
+
+    void expectUidOwnerMapValues(const std::vector<uint32_t>& appUids, uint8_t expectedRule,
+                                 uint32_t expectedIif) {
+        for (uint32_t uid : appUids) {
+            Result<UidOwnerValue> value = mFakeUidOwnerMap.readValue(uid);
+            EXPECT_RESULT_OK(value);
+            EXPECT_EQ(expectedRule, value.value().rule)
+                    << "Expected rule for UID " << uid << " to be " << expectedRule << ", but was "
+                    << value.value().rule;
+            EXPECT_EQ(expectedIif, value.value().iif)
+                    << "Expected iif for UID " << uid << " to be " << expectedIif << ", but was "
+                    << value.value().iif;
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <class Key, class Value>
+    void expectMapEmpty(BpfMap<Key, Value>& map) {
+        auto isEmpty = map.isEmpty();
+        EXPECT_RESULT_OK(isEmpty);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(isEmpty.value());
+    }
+
+    void expectUidPermissionMapValues(const std::vector<uid_t>& appUids, uint8_t expectedValue) {
+        for (uid_t uid : appUids) {
+            Result<uint8_t> value = mFakeUidPermissionMap.readValue(uid);
+            EXPECT_RESULT_OK(value);
+            EXPECT_EQ(expectedValue, value.value())
+                    << "Expected value for UID " << uid << " to be " << expectedValue
+                    << ", but was " << value.value();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void expectPrivilegedUserSet(const std::vector<uid_t>& appUids) {
+        std::lock_guard guard(mTc.mMutex);
+        EXPECT_EQ(appUids.size(), mTc.mPrivilegedUser.size());
+        for (uid_t uid : appUids) {
+            EXPECT_NE(mTc.mPrivilegedUser.end(), mTc.mPrivilegedUser.find(uid));
+        }
+    }
+
+    void expectPrivilegedUserSetEmpty() {
+        std::lock_guard guard(mTc.mMutex);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(mTc.mPrivilegedUser.empty());
+    }
+
+    void addPrivilegedUid(uid_t uid) {
+        std::vector privilegedUid = {uid};
+        mTc.setPermissionForUids(INetd::PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS, privilegedUid);
+    }
+
+    void removePrivilegedUid(uid_t uid) {
+        std::vector privilegedUid = {uid};
+        mTc.setPermissionForUids(INetd::PERMISSION_NONE, privilegedUid);
+    }
+
+    void expectFakeStatsUnchanged(uint64_t cookie, uint32_t tag, uint32_t uid,
+                                  StatsKey tagStatsMapKey) {
+        Result<UidTagValue> cookieMapResult = mFakeCookieTagMap.readValue(cookie);
+        EXPECT_RESULT_OK(cookieMapResult);
+        EXPECT_EQ(uid, cookieMapResult.value().uid);
+        EXPECT_EQ(tag, cookieMapResult.value().tag);
+        Result<StatsValue> statsMapResult = mFakeStatsMapA.readValue(tagStatsMapKey);
+        EXPECT_RESULT_OK(statsMapResult);
+        EXPECT_EQ((uint64_t)1, statsMapResult.value().rxPackets);
+        EXPECT_EQ((uint64_t)100, statsMapResult.value().rxBytes);
+        tagStatsMapKey.tag = 0;
+        statsMapResult = mFakeStatsMapA.readValue(tagStatsMapKey);
+        EXPECT_RESULT_OK(statsMapResult);
+        EXPECT_EQ((uint64_t)1, statsMapResult.value().rxPackets);
+        EXPECT_EQ((uint64_t)100, statsMapResult.value().rxBytes);
+        auto appStatsResult = mFakeAppUidStatsMap.readValue(uid);
+        EXPECT_RESULT_OK(appStatsResult);
+        EXPECT_EQ((uint64_t)1, appStatsResult.value().rxPackets);
+        EXPECT_EQ((uint64_t)100, appStatsResult.value().rxBytes);
+    }
+
+    Status updateUidOwnerMaps(const std::vector<uint32_t>& appUids,
+                              UidOwnerMatchType matchType, TrafficController::IptOp op) {
+        Status ret(0);
+        for (auto uid : appUids) {
+        ret = mTc.updateUidOwnerMap(uid, matchType, op);
+           if(!isOk(ret)) break;
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+};
+
+TEST_F(TrafficControllerTest, TestUpdateOwnerMapEntry) {
+    uint32_t uid = TEST_UID;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(isOk(mTc.updateOwnerMapEntry(STANDBY_MATCH, uid, DENY, DENYLIST)));
+    Result<UidOwnerValue> value = mFakeUidOwnerMap.readValue(uid);
+    ASSERT_RESULT_OK(value);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(value.value().rule & STANDBY_MATCH);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(isOk(mTc.updateOwnerMapEntry(DOZABLE_MATCH, uid, ALLOW, ALLOWLIST)));
+    value = mFakeUidOwnerMap.readValue(uid);
+    ASSERT_RESULT_OK(value);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(value.value().rule & DOZABLE_MATCH);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(isOk(mTc.updateOwnerMapEntry(DOZABLE_MATCH, uid, DENY, ALLOWLIST)));
+    value = mFakeUidOwnerMap.readValue(uid);
+    ASSERT_RESULT_OK(value);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(value.value().rule & DOZABLE_MATCH);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(isOk(mTc.updateOwnerMapEntry(STANDBY_MATCH, uid, ALLOW, DENYLIST)));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(mFakeUidOwnerMap.readValue(uid).ok());
+
+    uid = TEST_UID2;
+    ASSERT_FALSE(isOk(mTc.updateOwnerMapEntry(STANDBY_MATCH, uid, ALLOW, DENYLIST)));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(mFakeUidOwnerMap.readValue(uid).ok());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TrafficControllerTest, TestChangeUidOwnerRule) {
+    checkUidOwnerRuleForChain(DOZABLE, DOZABLE_MATCH);
+    checkUidOwnerRuleForChain(STANDBY, STANDBY_MATCH);
+    checkUidOwnerRuleForChain(POWERSAVE, POWERSAVE_MATCH);
+    checkUidOwnerRuleForChain(RESTRICTED, RESTRICTED_MATCH);
+    checkUidOwnerRuleForChain(LOW_POWER_STANDBY, LOW_POWER_STANDBY_MATCH);
+    ASSERT_EQ(-EINVAL, mTc.changeUidOwnerRule(NONE, TEST_UID, ALLOW, ALLOWLIST));
+    ASSERT_EQ(-EINVAL, mTc.changeUidOwnerRule(INVALID_CHAIN, TEST_UID, ALLOW, ALLOWLIST));
+}
+
+TEST_F(TrafficControllerTest, TestReplaceUidOwnerMap) {
+    std::vector<int32_t> uids = {TEST_UID, TEST_UID2, TEST_UID3};
+    checkUidMapReplace("fw_dozable", uids, DOZABLE_MATCH);
+    checkUidMapReplace("fw_standby", uids, STANDBY_MATCH);
+    checkUidMapReplace("fw_powersave", uids, POWERSAVE_MATCH);
+    checkUidMapReplace("fw_restricted", uids, RESTRICTED_MATCH);
+    checkUidMapReplace("fw_low_power_standby", uids, LOW_POWER_STANDBY_MATCH);
+    ASSERT_EQ(-EINVAL, mTc.replaceUidOwnerMap("unknow", true, uids));
+}
+
+TEST_F(TrafficControllerTest, TestReplaceSameChain) {
+    std::vector<int32_t> uids = {TEST_UID, TEST_UID2, TEST_UID3};
+    checkUidMapReplace("fw_dozable", uids, DOZABLE_MATCH);
+    std::vector<int32_t> newUids = {TEST_UID2, TEST_UID3};
+    checkUidMapReplace("fw_dozable", newUids, DOZABLE_MATCH);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TrafficControllerTest, TestDenylistUidMatch) {
+    std::vector<uint32_t> appUids = {1000, 1001, 10012};
+    ASSERT_TRUE(isOk(updateUidOwnerMaps(appUids, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH,
+                                        TrafficController::IptOpInsert)));
+    expectUidOwnerMapValues(appUids, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH, 0);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(isOk(updateUidOwnerMaps(appUids, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH,
+                                        TrafficController::IptOpDelete)));
+    expectMapEmpty(mFakeUidOwnerMap);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TrafficControllerTest, TestAllowlistUidMatch) {
+    std::vector<uint32_t> appUids = {1000, 1001, 10012};
+    ASSERT_TRUE(isOk(updateUidOwnerMaps(appUids, HAPPY_BOX_MATCH, TrafficController::IptOpInsert)));
+    expectUidOwnerMapValues(appUids, HAPPY_BOX_MATCH, 0);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(isOk(updateUidOwnerMaps(appUids, HAPPY_BOX_MATCH, TrafficController::IptOpDelete)));
+    expectMapEmpty(mFakeUidOwnerMap);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TrafficControllerTest, TestReplaceMatchUid) {
+    std::vector<uint32_t> appUids = {1000, 1001, 10012};
+    // Add appUids to the denylist and expect that their values are all PENALTY_BOX_MATCH.
+    ASSERT_TRUE(isOk(updateUidOwnerMaps(appUids, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH,
+                                        TrafficController::IptOpInsert)));
+    expectUidOwnerMapValues(appUids, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH, 0);
+
+    // Add the same UIDs to the allowlist and expect that we get PENALTY_BOX_MATCH |
+    // HAPPY_BOX_MATCH.
+    ASSERT_TRUE(isOk(updateUidOwnerMaps(appUids, HAPPY_BOX_MATCH, TrafficController::IptOpInsert)));
+    expectUidOwnerMapValues(appUids, HAPPY_BOX_MATCH | PENALTY_BOX_MATCH, 0);
+
+    // Remove the same UIDs from the allowlist and check the PENALTY_BOX_MATCH is still there.
+    ASSERT_TRUE(isOk(updateUidOwnerMaps(appUids, HAPPY_BOX_MATCH, TrafficController::IptOpDelete)));
+    expectUidOwnerMapValues(appUids, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH, 0);
+
+    // Remove the same UIDs from the denylist and check the map is empty.
+    ASSERT_TRUE(isOk(updateUidOwnerMaps(appUids, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH,
+                                        TrafficController::IptOpDelete)));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(mFakeUidOwnerMap.getFirstKey().ok());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TrafficControllerTest, TestDeleteWrongMatchSilentlyFails) {
+    std::vector<uint32_t> appUids = {1000, 1001, 10012};
+    // If the uid does not exist in the map, trying to delete a rule about it will fail.
+    ASSERT_FALSE(isOk(updateUidOwnerMaps(appUids, HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,
+                                         TrafficController::IptOpDelete)));
+    expectMapEmpty(mFakeUidOwnerMap);
+
+    // Add denylist rules for appUids.
+    ASSERT_TRUE(isOk(updateUidOwnerMaps(appUids, HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,
+                                        TrafficController::IptOpInsert)));
+    expectUidOwnerMapValues(appUids, HAPPY_BOX_MATCH, 0);
+
+    // Delete (non-existent) denylist rules for appUids, and check that this silently does
+    // nothing if the uid is in the map but does not have denylist match. This is required because
+    // NetworkManagementService will try to remove a uid from denylist after adding it to the
+    // allowlist and if the remove fails it will not update the uid status.
+    ASSERT_TRUE(isOk(updateUidOwnerMaps(appUids, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH,
+                                        TrafficController::IptOpDelete)));
+    expectUidOwnerMapValues(appUids, HAPPY_BOX_MATCH, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TrafficControllerTest, TestAddUidInterfaceFilteringRules) {
+    int iif0 = 15;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(isOk(mTc.addUidInterfaceRules(iif0, {1000, 1001})));
+    expectUidOwnerMapValues({1000, 1001}, IIF_MATCH, iif0);
+
+    // Add some non-overlapping new uids. They should coexist with existing rules
+    int iif1 = 16;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(isOk(mTc.addUidInterfaceRules(iif1, {2000, 2001})));
+    expectUidOwnerMapValues({1000, 1001}, IIF_MATCH, iif0);
+    expectUidOwnerMapValues({2000, 2001}, IIF_MATCH, iif1);
+
+    // Overwrite some existing uids
+    int iif2 = 17;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(isOk(mTc.addUidInterfaceRules(iif2, {1000, 2000})));
+    expectUidOwnerMapValues({1001}, IIF_MATCH, iif0);
+    expectUidOwnerMapValues({2001}, IIF_MATCH, iif1);
+    expectUidOwnerMapValues({1000, 2000}, IIF_MATCH, iif2);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TrafficControllerTest, TestRemoveUidInterfaceFilteringRules) {
+    int iif0 = 15;
+    int iif1 = 16;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(isOk(mTc.addUidInterfaceRules(iif0, {1000, 1001})));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(isOk(mTc.addUidInterfaceRules(iif1, {2000, 2001})));
+    expectUidOwnerMapValues({1000, 1001}, IIF_MATCH, iif0);
+    expectUidOwnerMapValues({2000, 2001}, IIF_MATCH, iif1);
+
+    // Rmove some uids
+    ASSERT_TRUE(isOk(mTc.removeUidInterfaceRules({1001, 2001})));
+    expectUidOwnerMapValues({1000}, IIF_MATCH, iif0);
+    expectUidOwnerMapValues({2000}, IIF_MATCH, iif1);
+    checkEachUidValue({1000, 2000}, IIF_MATCH);  // Make sure there are only two uids remaining
+
+    // Remove non-existent uids shouldn't fail
+    ASSERT_TRUE(isOk(mTc.removeUidInterfaceRules({2000, 3000})));
+    expectUidOwnerMapValues({1000}, IIF_MATCH, iif0);
+    checkEachUidValue({1000}, IIF_MATCH);  // Make sure there are only one uid remaining
+
+    // Remove everything
+    ASSERT_TRUE(isOk(mTc.removeUidInterfaceRules({1000})));
+    expectMapEmpty(mFakeUidOwnerMap);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TrafficControllerTest, TestUidInterfaceFilteringRulesCoexistWithExistingMatches) {
+    // Set up existing PENALTY_BOX_MATCH rules
+    ASSERT_TRUE(isOk(updateUidOwnerMaps({1000, 1001, 10012}, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH,
+                                        TrafficController::IptOpInsert)));
+    expectUidOwnerMapValues({1000, 1001, 10012}, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH, 0);
+
+    // Add some partially-overlapping uid owner rules and check result
+    int iif1 = 32;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(isOk(mTc.addUidInterfaceRules(iif1, {10012, 10013, 10014})));
+    expectUidOwnerMapValues({1000, 1001}, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH, 0);
+    expectUidOwnerMapValues({10012}, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH | IIF_MATCH, iif1);
+    expectUidOwnerMapValues({10013, 10014}, IIF_MATCH, iif1);
+
+    // Removing some PENALTY_BOX_MATCH rules should not change uid interface rule
+    ASSERT_TRUE(isOk(updateUidOwnerMaps({1001, 10012}, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH,
+                                        TrafficController::IptOpDelete)));
+    expectUidOwnerMapValues({1000}, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH, 0);
+    expectUidOwnerMapValues({10012, 10013, 10014}, IIF_MATCH, iif1);
+
+    // Remove all uid interface rules
+    ASSERT_TRUE(isOk(mTc.removeUidInterfaceRules({10012, 10013, 10014})));
+    expectUidOwnerMapValues({1000}, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH, 0);
+    // Make sure these are the only uids left
+    checkEachUidValue({1000}, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TrafficControllerTest, TestUidInterfaceFilteringRulesCoexistWithNewMatches) {
+    int iif1 = 56;
+    // Set up existing uid interface rules
+    ASSERT_TRUE(isOk(mTc.addUidInterfaceRules(iif1, {10001, 10002})));
+    expectUidOwnerMapValues({10001, 10002}, IIF_MATCH, iif1);
+
+    // Add some partially-overlapping doze rules
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, mTc.replaceUidOwnerMap("fw_dozable", true, {10002, 10003}));
+    expectUidOwnerMapValues({10001}, IIF_MATCH, iif1);
+    expectUidOwnerMapValues({10002}, DOZABLE_MATCH | IIF_MATCH, iif1);
+    expectUidOwnerMapValues({10003}, DOZABLE_MATCH, 0);
+
+    // Introduce a third rule type (powersave) on various existing UIDs
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, mTc.replaceUidOwnerMap("fw_powersave", true, {10000, 10001, 10002, 10003}));
+    expectUidOwnerMapValues({10000}, POWERSAVE_MATCH, 0);
+    expectUidOwnerMapValues({10001}, POWERSAVE_MATCH | IIF_MATCH, iif1);
+    expectUidOwnerMapValues({10002}, POWERSAVE_MATCH | DOZABLE_MATCH | IIF_MATCH, iif1);
+    expectUidOwnerMapValues({10003}, POWERSAVE_MATCH | DOZABLE_MATCH, 0);
+
+    // Remove all doze rules
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, mTc.replaceUidOwnerMap("fw_dozable", true, {}));
+    expectUidOwnerMapValues({10000}, POWERSAVE_MATCH, 0);
+    expectUidOwnerMapValues({10001}, POWERSAVE_MATCH | IIF_MATCH, iif1);
+    expectUidOwnerMapValues({10002}, POWERSAVE_MATCH | IIF_MATCH, iif1);
+    expectUidOwnerMapValues({10003}, POWERSAVE_MATCH, 0);
+
+    // Remove all powersave rules, expect ownerMap to only have uid interface rules left
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, mTc.replaceUidOwnerMap("fw_powersave", true, {}));
+    expectUidOwnerMapValues({10001, 10002}, IIF_MATCH, iif1);
+    // Make sure these are the only uids left
+    checkEachUidValue({10001, 10002}, IIF_MATCH);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TrafficControllerTest, TestGrantInternetPermission) {
+    std::vector<uid_t> appUids = {TEST_UID, TEST_UID2, TEST_UID3};
+
+    mTc.setPermissionForUids(INetd::PERMISSION_INTERNET, appUids);
+    expectMapEmpty(mFakeUidPermissionMap);
+    expectPrivilegedUserSetEmpty();
+}
+
+TEST_F(TrafficControllerTest, TestRevokeInternetPermission) {
+    std::vector<uid_t> appUids = {TEST_UID, TEST_UID2, TEST_UID3};
+
+    mTc.setPermissionForUids(INetd::PERMISSION_NONE, appUids);
+    expectUidPermissionMapValues(appUids, INetd::PERMISSION_NONE);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TrafficControllerTest, TestPermissionUninstalled) {
+    std::vector<uid_t> appUids = {TEST_UID, TEST_UID2, TEST_UID3};
+
+    mTc.setPermissionForUids(INetd::PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS, appUids);
+    expectUidPermissionMapValues(appUids, INetd::PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS);
+    expectPrivilegedUserSet(appUids);
+
+    std::vector<uid_t> uidToRemove = {TEST_UID};
+    mTc.setPermissionForUids(INetd::PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED, uidToRemove);
+
+    std::vector<uid_t> uidRemain = {TEST_UID3, TEST_UID2};
+    expectUidPermissionMapValues(uidRemain, INetd::PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS);
+    expectPrivilegedUserSet(uidRemain);
+
+    mTc.setPermissionForUids(INetd::PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED, uidRemain);
+    expectMapEmpty(mFakeUidPermissionMap);
+    expectPrivilegedUserSetEmpty();
+}
+
+TEST_F(TrafficControllerTest, TestGrantUpdateStatsPermission) {
+    std::vector<uid_t> appUids = {TEST_UID, TEST_UID2, TEST_UID3};
+
+    mTc.setPermissionForUids(INetd::PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS, appUids);
+    expectUidPermissionMapValues(appUids, INetd::PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS);
+    expectPrivilegedUserSet(appUids);
+
+    mTc.setPermissionForUids(INetd::PERMISSION_NONE, appUids);
+    expectPrivilegedUserSetEmpty();
+    expectUidPermissionMapValues(appUids, INetd::PERMISSION_NONE);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TrafficControllerTest, TestRevokeUpdateStatsPermission) {
+    std::vector<uid_t> appUids = {TEST_UID, TEST_UID2, TEST_UID3};
+
+    mTc.setPermissionForUids(INetd::PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS, appUids);
+    expectPrivilegedUserSet(appUids);
+
+    std::vector<uid_t> uidToRemove = {TEST_UID};
+    mTc.setPermissionForUids(INetd::PERMISSION_NONE, uidToRemove);
+
+    std::vector<uid_t> uidRemain = {TEST_UID3, TEST_UID2};
+    expectPrivilegedUserSet(uidRemain);
+
+    mTc.setPermissionForUids(INetd::PERMISSION_NONE, uidRemain);
+    expectPrivilegedUserSetEmpty();
+}
+
+TEST_F(TrafficControllerTest, TestGrantWrongPermission) {
+    std::vector<uid_t> appUids = {TEST_UID, TEST_UID2, TEST_UID3};
+
+    mTc.setPermissionForUids(INetd::PERMISSION_NONE, appUids);
+    expectPrivilegedUserSetEmpty();
+    expectUidPermissionMapValues(appUids, INetd::PERMISSION_NONE);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TrafficControllerTest, TestGrantDuplicatePermissionSlientlyFail) {
+    std::vector<uid_t> appUids = {TEST_UID, TEST_UID2, TEST_UID3};
+
+    mTc.setPermissionForUids(INetd::PERMISSION_INTERNET, appUids);
+    expectMapEmpty(mFakeUidPermissionMap);
+
+    std::vector<uid_t> uidToAdd = {TEST_UID};
+    mTc.setPermissionForUids(INetd::PERMISSION_INTERNET, uidToAdd);
+
+    expectPrivilegedUserSetEmpty();
+
+    mTc.setPermissionForUids(INetd::PERMISSION_NONE, appUids);
+    expectUidPermissionMapValues(appUids, INetd::PERMISSION_NONE);
+
+    mTc.setPermissionForUids(INetd::PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS, appUids);
+    expectPrivilegedUserSet(appUids);
+
+    mTc.setPermissionForUids(INetd::PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS, uidToAdd);
+    expectPrivilegedUserSet(appUids);
+
+    mTc.setPermissionForUids(INetd::PERMISSION_NONE, appUids);
+    expectPrivilegedUserSetEmpty();
+}
+
+constexpr uint32_t SOCK_CLOSE_WAIT_US = 30 * 1000;
+constexpr uint32_t ENOBUFS_POLL_WAIT_US = 10 * 1000;
+
+using android::base::Error;
+using android::base::Result;
+using android::bpf::BpfMap;
+
+// This test set up a SkDestroyListener that is running parallel with the production
+// SkDestroyListener. The test will create thousands of sockets and tag them on the
+// production cookieUidTagMap and close them in a short time. When the number of
+// sockets get closed exceeds the buffer size, it will start to return ENOBUFF
+// error. The error will be ignored by the production SkDestroyListener and the
+// test will clean up the tags in tearDown if there is any remains.
+
+// TODO: Instead of test the ENOBUFF error, we can test the production
+// SkDestroyListener to see if it failed to delete a tagged socket when ENOBUFF
+// triggered.
+class NetlinkListenerTest : public testing::Test {
+  protected:
+    NetlinkListenerTest() {}
+    BpfMap<uint64_t, UidTagValue> mCookieTagMap;
+
+    void SetUp() {
+        mCookieTagMap.reset(android::bpf::mapRetrieveRW(COOKIE_TAG_MAP_PATH));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mCookieTagMap.isValid());
+    }
+
+    void TearDown() {
+        const auto deleteTestCookieEntries = [](const uint64_t& key, const UidTagValue& value,
+                                                BpfMap<uint64_t, UidTagValue>& map) {
+            if ((value.uid == TEST_UID) && (value.tag == TEST_TAG)) {
+                Result<void> res = map.deleteValue(key);
+                if (res.ok() || (res.error().code() == ENOENT)) {
+                    return Result<void>();
+                }
+                ALOGE("Failed to delete data(cookie = %" PRIu64 "): %s\n", key,
+                      strerror(res.error().code()));
+            }
+            // Move forward to next cookie in the map.
+            return Result<void>();
+        };
+        EXPECT_RESULT_OK(mCookieTagMap.iterateWithValue(deleteTestCookieEntries));
+    }
+
+    Result<void> checkNoGarbageTagsExist() {
+        const auto checkGarbageTags = [](const uint64_t&, const UidTagValue& value,
+                                         const BpfMap<uint64_t, UidTagValue>&) -> Result<void> {
+            if ((TEST_UID == value.uid) && (TEST_TAG == value.tag)) {
+                return Error(EUCLEAN) << "Closed socket is not untagged";
+            }
+            return {};
+        };
+        return mCookieTagMap.iterateWithValue(checkGarbageTags);
+    }
+
+    bool checkMassiveSocketDestroy(int totalNumber, bool expectError) {
+        std::unique_ptr<android::netdutils::NetlinkListenerInterface> skDestroyListener;
+        auto result = android::net::TrafficController::makeSkDestroyListener();
+        if (!isOk(result)) {
+            ALOGE("Unable to create SkDestroyListener: %s", toString(result).c_str());
+        } else {
+            skDestroyListener = std::move(result.value());
+        }
+        int rxErrorCount = 0;
+        // Rx handler extracts nfgenmsg looks up and invokes registered dispatch function.
+        const auto rxErrorHandler = [&rxErrorCount](const int, const int) { rxErrorCount++; };
+        skDestroyListener->registerSkErrorHandler(rxErrorHandler);
+        int fds[totalNumber];
+        for (int i = 0; i < totalNumber; i++) {
+            fds[i] = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0);
+            // The likely reason for a failure is running out of available file descriptors.
+            EXPECT_LE(0, fds[i]) << i << " of " << totalNumber;
+            if (fds[i] < 0) {
+                // EXPECT_LE already failed above, so test case is a failure, but we don't
+                // want potentially tens of thousands of extra failures creating and then
+                // closing all these fds cluttering up the logs.
+                totalNumber = i;
+                break;
+            };
+            libnetd_updatable_tagSocket(fds[i], TEST_TAG, TEST_UID, 1000);
+        }
+
+        // TODO: Use a separate thread that has its own fd table so we can
+        // close sockets even faster simply by terminating that thread.
+        for (int i = 0; i < totalNumber; i++) {
+            EXPECT_EQ(0, close(fds[i]));
+        }
+        // wait a bit for netlink listener to handle all the messages.
+        usleep(SOCK_CLOSE_WAIT_US);
+        if (expectError) {
+            // If ENOBUFS triggered, check it only called into the handler once, ie.
+            // that the netlink handler is not spinning.
+            int currentErrorCount = rxErrorCount;
+            // 0 error count is acceptable because the system has chances to close all sockets
+            // normally.
+            EXPECT_LE(0, rxErrorCount);
+            if (!rxErrorCount) return true;
+
+            usleep(ENOBUFS_POLL_WAIT_US);
+            EXPECT_EQ(currentErrorCount, rxErrorCount);
+        } else {
+            EXPECT_RESULT_OK(checkNoGarbageTagsExist());
+            EXPECT_EQ(0, rxErrorCount);
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+};
+
+TEST_F(NetlinkListenerTest, TestAllSocketUntagged) {
+    checkMassiveSocketDestroy(10, false);
+    checkMassiveSocketDestroy(100, false);
+}
+
+// Disabled because flaky on blueline-userdebug; this test relies on the main thread
+// winning a race against the NetlinkListener::run() thread. There's no way to ensure
+// things will be scheduled the same way across all architectures and test environments.
+TEST_F(NetlinkListenerTest, DISABLED_TestSkDestroyError) {
+    bool needRetry = false;
+    int retryCount = 0;
+    do {
+        needRetry = checkMassiveSocketDestroy(32500, true);
+        if (needRetry) retryCount++;
+    } while (needRetry && retryCount < 3);
+    // Should review test if it can always close all sockets correctly.
+    EXPECT_GT(3, retryCount);
+}
+
+
+}  // namespace net
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/service/native/include/Common.h b/service/native/include/Common.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc44845
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/native/include/Common.h
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+// TODO: deduplicate with the constants in NetdConstants.h.
+#include <aidl/android/net/INetd.h>
+
+using aidl::android::net::INetd;
+
+enum FirewallRule { ALLOW = INetd::FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW, DENY = INetd::FIREWALL_RULE_DENY };
+
+// ALLOWLIST means the firewall denies all by default, uids must be explicitly ALLOWed
+// DENYLIST means the firewall allows all by default, uids must be explicitly DENYed
+
+enum FirewallType { ALLOWLIST = INetd::FIREWALL_ALLOWLIST, DENYLIST = INetd::FIREWALL_DENYLIST };
+
+// LINT.IfChange(firewall_chain)
+enum ChildChain {
+    NONE = 0,
+    DOZABLE = 1,
+    STANDBY = 2,
+    POWERSAVE = 3,
+    RESTRICTED = 4,
+    LOW_POWER_STANDBY = 5,
+    INVALID_CHAIN
+};
+// LINT.ThenChange(packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java)
diff --git a/service/native/include/TrafficController.h b/service/native/include/TrafficController.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79e75ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/native/include/TrafficController.h
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <set>
+#include <Common.h>
+
+#include "android-base/thread_annotations.h"
+#include "bpf/BpfMap.h"
+#include "bpf_shared.h"
+#include "netdutils/DumpWriter.h"
+#include "netdutils/NetlinkListener.h"
+#include "netdutils/StatusOr.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace net {
+
+using netdutils::StatusOr;
+
+class TrafficController {
+  public:
+    static constexpr char DUMP_KEYWORD[] = "trafficcontroller";
+
+    /*
+     * Initialize the whole controller
+     */
+    netdutils::Status start();
+
+    /*
+     * Swap the stats map config from current active stats map to the idle one.
+     */
+    netdutils::Status swapActiveStatsMap() EXCLUDES(mMutex);
+
+    /*
+     * Add the interface name and index pair into the eBPF map.
+     */
+    int addInterface(const char* name, uint32_t ifaceIndex);
+
+    int changeUidOwnerRule(ChildChain chain, const uid_t uid, FirewallRule rule, FirewallType type);
+
+    int removeUidOwnerRule(const uid_t uid);
+
+    int replaceUidOwnerMap(const std::string& name, bool isAllowlist,
+                           const std::vector<int32_t>& uids);
+
+    enum IptOp { IptOpInsert, IptOpDelete };
+
+    netdutils::Status updateOwnerMapEntry(UidOwnerMatchType match, uid_t uid, FirewallRule rule,
+                                          FirewallType type) EXCLUDES(mMutex);
+
+    void dump(int fd, bool verbose) EXCLUDES(mMutex);
+
+    netdutils::Status replaceRulesInMap(UidOwnerMatchType match, const std::vector<int32_t>& uids)
+            EXCLUDES(mMutex);
+
+    netdutils::Status addUidInterfaceRules(const int ifIndex, const std::vector<int32_t>& uids)
+            EXCLUDES(mMutex);
+    netdutils::Status removeUidInterfaceRules(const std::vector<int32_t>& uids) EXCLUDES(mMutex);
+
+    netdutils::Status updateUidOwnerMap(const uint32_t uid,
+                                        UidOwnerMatchType matchType, IptOp op) EXCLUDES(mMutex);
+
+    int toggleUidOwnerMap(ChildChain chain, bool enable) EXCLUDES(mMutex);
+
+    static netdutils::StatusOr<std::unique_ptr<netdutils::NetlinkListenerInterface>>
+    makeSkDestroyListener();
+
+    void setPermissionForUids(int permission, const std::vector<uid_t>& uids) EXCLUDES(mMutex);
+
+    FirewallType getFirewallType(ChildChain);
+
+    static const char* LOCAL_DOZABLE;
+    static const char* LOCAL_STANDBY;
+    static const char* LOCAL_POWERSAVE;
+    static const char* LOCAL_RESTRICTED;
+    static const char* LOCAL_LOW_POWER_STANDBY;
+
+  private:
+    /*
+     * mCookieTagMap: Store the corresponding tag and uid for a specific socket.
+     * DO NOT hold any locks when modifying this map, otherwise when the untag
+     * operation is waiting for a lock hold by other process and there are more
+     * sockets being closed than can fit in the socket buffer of the netlink socket
+     * that receives them, then the kernel will drop some of these sockets and we
+     * won't delete their tags.
+     * Map Key: uint64_t socket cookie
+     * Map Value: UidTagValue, contains a uint32 uid and a uint32 tag.
+     */
+    bpf::BpfMap<uint64_t, UidTagValue> mCookieTagMap GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
+
+    /*
+     * mUidCounterSetMap: Store the counterSet of a specific uid.
+     * Map Key: uint32 uid.
+     * Map Value: uint32 counterSet specifies if the traffic is a background
+     * or foreground traffic.
+     */
+    bpf::BpfMap<uint32_t, uint8_t> mUidCounterSetMap GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
+
+    /*
+     * mAppUidStatsMap: Store the total traffic stats for a uid regardless of
+     * tag, counterSet and iface. The stats is used by TrafficStats.getUidStats
+     * API to return persistent stats for a specific uid since device boot.
+     */
+    bpf::BpfMap<uint32_t, StatsValue> mAppUidStatsMap;
+
+    /*
+     * mStatsMapA/mStatsMapB: Store the traffic statistics for a specific
+     * combination of uid, tag, iface and counterSet. These two maps contain
+     * both tagged and untagged traffic.
+     * Map Key: StatsKey contains the uid, tag, counterSet and ifaceIndex
+     * information.
+     * Map Value: Stats, contains packet count and byte count of each
+     * transport protocol on egress and ingress direction.
+     */
+    bpf::BpfMap<StatsKey, StatsValue> mStatsMapA GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
+
+    bpf::BpfMap<StatsKey, StatsValue> mStatsMapB GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
+
+    /*
+     * mIfaceIndexNameMap: Store the index name pair of each interface show up
+     * on the device since boot. The interface index is used by the eBPF program
+     * to correctly match the iface name when receiving a packet.
+     */
+    bpf::BpfMap<uint32_t, IfaceValue> mIfaceIndexNameMap;
+
+    /*
+     * mIfaceStataMap: Store per iface traffic stats gathered from xt_bpf
+     * filter.
+     */
+    bpf::BpfMap<uint32_t, StatsValue> mIfaceStatsMap;
+
+    /*
+     * mConfigurationMap: Store the current network policy about uid filtering
+     * and the current stats map in use. There are two configuration entries in
+     * the map right now:
+     * - Entry with UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY:
+     *    Store the configuration for the current uid rules. It indicates the device
+     *    is in doze/powersave/standby/restricted/low power standby mode.
+     * - Entry with CURRENT_STATS_MAP_CONFIGURATION_KEY:
+     *    Stores the current live stats map that kernel program is writing to.
+     *    Userspace can do scraping and cleaning job on the other one depending on the
+     *    current configs.
+     */
+    bpf::BpfMap<uint32_t, uint8_t> mConfigurationMap GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
+
+    /*
+     * mUidOwnerMap: Store uids that are used for bandwidth control uid match.
+     */
+    bpf::BpfMap<uint32_t, UidOwnerValue> mUidOwnerMap GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
+
+    /*
+     * mUidOwnerMap: Store uids that are used for INTERNET permission check.
+     */
+    bpf::BpfMap<uint32_t, uint8_t> mUidPermissionMap GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
+
+    std::unique_ptr<netdutils::NetlinkListenerInterface> mSkDestroyListener;
+
+    netdutils::Status removeRule(uint32_t uid, UidOwnerMatchType match) REQUIRES(mMutex);
+
+    netdutils::Status addRule(uint32_t uid, UidOwnerMatchType match, uint32_t iif = 0)
+            REQUIRES(mMutex);
+
+    std::mutex mMutex;
+
+    netdutils::Status initMaps() EXCLUDES(mMutex);
+
+    // Keep track of uids that have permission UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS so we don't
+    // need to call back to system server for permission check.
+    std::set<uid_t> mPrivilegedUser GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
+
+    bool hasUpdateDeviceStatsPermission(uid_t uid) REQUIRES(mMutex);
+
+    // For testing
+    friend class TrafficControllerTest;
+};
+
+}  // namespace net
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/service/native/libs/libclat/Android.bp b/service/native/libs/libclat/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..17ee996
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/native/libs/libclat/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "libclat",
+    defaults: ["netd_defaults"],
+    header_libs: [
+        "bpf_connectivity_headers",
+        "libbase_headers",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "TcUtils.cpp",  // TODO: move to frameworks/libs/net
+        "bpfhelper.cpp",
+        "clatutils.cpp",
+    ],
+    stl: "libc++_static",
+    static_libs: [
+        "libip_checksum",
+        "libnetdutils",  // for netdutils/UidConstants.h in bpf_shared.h
+    ],
+    shared_libs: ["liblog"],
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+    apex_available: ["com.android.tethering"],
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "libclat_test",
+    defaults: ["netd_defaults"],
+    test_suites: ["device-tests"],
+    header_libs: [
+        "bpf_connectivity_headers",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "TcUtilsTest.cpp",
+        "clatutils_test.cpp",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libclat",
+        "libip_checksum",
+        "libnetd_test_tun_interface",
+        "libnetdutils",  // for netdutils/UidConstants.h in bpf_shared.h
+        "libtcutils",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "liblog",
+        "libnetutils",
+    ],
+    require_root: true,
+}
diff --git a/service/native/libs/libclat/TcUtils.cpp b/service/native/libs/libclat/TcUtils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cdfb763
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/native/libs/libclat/TcUtils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,390 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "TcUtils"
+
+#include "libclat/TcUtils.h"
+
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <linux/if.h>
+#include <linux/if_arp.h>
+#include <linux/netlink.h>
+#include <linux/pkt_cls.h>
+#include <linux/pkt_sched.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <log/log.h>
+
+#include "android-base/unique_fd.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace net {
+
+using std::max;
+
+// Sync from system/netd/server/NetlinkCommands.h
+const sockaddr_nl KERNEL_NLADDR = {AF_NETLINK, 0, 0, 0};
+const uint16_t NETLINK_REQUEST_FLAGS = NLM_F_REQUEST | NLM_F_ACK;
+
+static int doSIOCGIF(const std::string& interface, int opt) {
+    base::unique_fd ufd(socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0));
+
+    if (ufd < 0) {
+        const int err = errno;
+        ALOGE("socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0)");
+        return -err;
+    };
+
+    struct ifreq ifr = {};
+    // We use strncpy() instead of strlcpy() since kernel has to be able
+    // to handle non-zero terminated junk passed in by userspace anyway,
+    // and this way too long interface names (more than IFNAMSIZ-1 = 15
+    // characters plus terminating NULL) will not get truncated to 15
+    // characters and zero-terminated and thus potentially erroneously
+    // match a truncated interface if one were to exist.
+    strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, interface.c_str(), sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
+
+    if (ioctl(ufd, opt, &ifr, sizeof(ifr))) return -errno;
+
+    if (opt == SIOCGIFHWADDR) return ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_family;
+    if (opt == SIOCGIFMTU) return ifr.ifr_mtu;
+    return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+int hardwareAddressType(const std::string& interface) {
+    return doSIOCGIF(interface, SIOCGIFHWADDR);
+}
+
+int deviceMTU(const std::string& interface) {
+    return doSIOCGIF(interface, SIOCGIFMTU);
+}
+
+base::Result<bool> isEthernet(const std::string& interface) {
+    int rv = hardwareAddressType(interface);
+    if (rv < 0) {
+        errno = -rv;
+        return ErrnoErrorf("Get hardware address type of interface {} failed", interface);
+    }
+
+    switch (rv) {
+        case ARPHRD_ETHER:
+            return true;
+        case ARPHRD_NONE:
+        case ARPHRD_RAWIP:  // in Linux 4.14+ rmnet support was upstreamed and this is 519
+        case 530:           // this is ARPHRD_RAWIP on some Android 4.9 kernels with rmnet
+            return false;
+        default:
+            errno = EAFNOSUPPORT;  // Address family not supported
+            return ErrnoErrorf("Unknown hardware address type {} on interface {}", rv, interface);
+    }
+}
+
+// TODO: use //system/netd/server/NetlinkCommands.cpp:openNetlinkSocket(protocol)
+// and //system/netd/server/SockDiag.cpp:checkError(fd)
+static int sendAndProcessNetlinkResponse(const void* req, int len) {
+    base::unique_fd fd(socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW | SOCK_CLOEXEC, NETLINK_ROUTE));
+    if (fd == -1) {
+        const int err = errno;
+        ALOGE("socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW | SOCK_CLOEXEC, NETLINK_ROUTE)");
+        return -err;
+    }
+
+    static constexpr int on = 1;
+    int rv = setsockopt(fd, SOL_NETLINK, NETLINK_CAP_ACK, &on, sizeof(on));
+    if (rv) ALOGE("setsockopt(fd, SOL_NETLINK, NETLINK_CAP_ACK, %d)", on);
+
+    // this is needed to get sane strace netlink parsing, it allocates the pid
+    rv = bind(fd, (const struct sockaddr*)&KERNEL_NLADDR, sizeof(KERNEL_NLADDR));
+    if (rv) {
+        const int err = errno;
+        ALOGE("bind(fd, {AF_NETLINK, 0, 0})");
+        return -err;
+    }
+
+    // we do not want to receive messages from anyone besides the kernel
+    rv = connect(fd, (const struct sockaddr*)&KERNEL_NLADDR, sizeof(KERNEL_NLADDR));
+    if (rv) {
+        const int err = errno;
+        ALOGE("connect(fd, {AF_NETLINK, 0, 0})");
+        return -err;
+    }
+
+    rv = send(fd, req, len, 0);
+    if (rv == -1) return -errno;
+    if (rv != len) return -EMSGSIZE;
+
+    struct {
+        nlmsghdr h;
+        nlmsgerr e;
+        char buf[256];
+    } resp = {};
+
+    rv = recv(fd, &resp, sizeof(resp), MSG_TRUNC);
+
+    if (rv == -1) {
+        const int err = errno;
+        ALOGE("recv() failed");
+        return -err;
+    }
+
+    if (rv < (int)NLMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct nlmsgerr))) {
+        ALOGE("recv() returned short packet: %d", rv);
+        return -EMSGSIZE;
+    }
+
+    if (resp.h.nlmsg_len != (unsigned)rv) {
+        ALOGE("recv() returned invalid header length: %d != %d", resp.h.nlmsg_len, rv);
+        return -EBADMSG;
+    }
+
+    if (resp.h.nlmsg_type != NLMSG_ERROR) {
+        ALOGE("recv() did not return NLMSG_ERROR message: %d", resp.h.nlmsg_type);
+        return -EBADMSG;
+    }
+
+    return resp.e.error;  // returns 0 on success
+}
+
+// ADD:     nlMsgType=RTM_NEWQDISC nlMsgFlags=NLM_F_EXCL|NLM_F_CREATE
+// REPLACE: nlMsgType=RTM_NEWQDISC nlMsgFlags=NLM_F_CREATE|NLM_F_REPLACE
+// DEL:     nlMsgType=RTM_DELQDISC nlMsgFlags=0
+int doTcQdiscClsact(int ifIndex, uint16_t nlMsgType, uint16_t nlMsgFlags) {
+    // This is the name of the qdisc we are attaching.
+    // Some hoop jumping to make this compile time constant with known size,
+    // so that the structure declaration is well defined at compile time.
+#define CLSACT "clsact"
+    // sizeof() includes the terminating NULL
+    static constexpr size_t ASCIIZ_LEN_CLSACT = sizeof(CLSACT);
+
+    const struct {
+        nlmsghdr n;
+        tcmsg t;
+        struct {
+            nlattr attr;
+            char str[NLMSG_ALIGN(ASCIIZ_LEN_CLSACT)];
+        } kind;
+    } req = {
+            .n =
+                    {
+                            .nlmsg_len = sizeof(req),
+                            .nlmsg_type = nlMsgType,
+                            .nlmsg_flags = static_cast<__u16>(NETLINK_REQUEST_FLAGS | nlMsgFlags),
+                    },
+            .t =
+                    {
+                            .tcm_family = AF_UNSPEC,
+                            .tcm_ifindex = ifIndex,
+                            .tcm_handle = TC_H_MAKE(TC_H_CLSACT, 0),
+                            .tcm_parent = TC_H_CLSACT,
+                    },
+            .kind =
+                    {
+                            .attr =
+                                    {
+                                            .nla_len = NLA_HDRLEN + ASCIIZ_LEN_CLSACT,
+                                            .nla_type = TCA_KIND,
+                                    },
+                            .str = CLSACT,
+                    },
+    };
+#undef CLSACT
+
+    return sendAndProcessNetlinkResponse(&req, sizeof(req));
+}
+
+// tc filter add dev .. in/egress prio 4 protocol ipv6/ip bpf object-pinned /sys/fs/bpf/...
+// direct-action
+int tcFilterAddDevBpf(int ifIndex, bool ingress, uint16_t proto, int bpfFd, bool ethernet) {
+    // This is the name of the filter we're attaching (ie. this is the 'bpf'
+    // packet classifier enabled by kernel config option CONFIG_NET_CLS_BPF.
+    //
+    // We go through some hoops in order to make this compile time constants
+    // so that we can define the struct further down the function with the
+    // field for this sized correctly already during the build.
+#define BPF "bpf"
+    // sizeof() includes the terminating NULL
+    static constexpr size_t ASCIIZ_LEN_BPF = sizeof(BPF);
+
+    // This is to replicate program name suffix used by 'tc' Linux cli
+    // when it attaches programs.
+#define FSOBJ_SUFFIX ":[*fsobj]"
+
+    // This macro expands (from header files) to:
+    //   prog_clatd_schedcls_ingress6_clat_rawip:[*fsobj]
+    // and is the name of the pinned ingress ebpf program for ARPHRD_RAWIP interfaces.
+    // (also compatible with anything that has 0 size L2 header)
+    static constexpr char name_clat_rx_rawip[] = CLAT_INGRESS6_PROG_RAWIP_NAME FSOBJ_SUFFIX;
+
+    // This macro expands (from header files) to:
+    //   prog_clatd_schedcls_ingress6_clat_ether:[*fsobj]
+    // and is the name of the pinned ingress ebpf program for ARPHRD_ETHER interfaces.
+    // (also compatible with anything that has standard ethernet header)
+    static constexpr char name_clat_rx_ether[] = CLAT_INGRESS6_PROG_ETHER_NAME FSOBJ_SUFFIX;
+
+    // This macro expands (from header files) to:
+    //   prog_clatd_schedcls_egress4_clat_rawip:[*fsobj]
+    // and is the name of the pinned egress ebpf program for ARPHRD_RAWIP interfaces.
+    // (also compatible with anything that has 0 size L2 header)
+    static constexpr char name_clat_tx_rawip[] = CLAT_EGRESS4_PROG_RAWIP_NAME FSOBJ_SUFFIX;
+
+    // This macro expands (from header files) to:
+    //   prog_clatd_schedcls_egress4_clat_ether:[*fsobj]
+    // and is the name of the pinned egress ebpf program for ARPHRD_ETHER interfaces.
+    // (also compatible with anything that has standard ethernet header)
+    static constexpr char name_clat_tx_ether[] = CLAT_EGRESS4_PROG_ETHER_NAME FSOBJ_SUFFIX;
+
+#undef FSOBJ_SUFFIX
+
+    // The actual name we'll use is determined at run time via 'ethernet' and 'ingress'
+    // booleans.  We need to compile time allocate enough space in the struct
+    // hence this macro magic to make sure we have enough space for either
+    // possibility.  In practice some of these are actually the same size.
+    static constexpr size_t ASCIIZ_MAXLEN_NAME = max({
+            sizeof(name_clat_rx_rawip),
+            sizeof(name_clat_rx_ether),
+            sizeof(name_clat_tx_rawip),
+            sizeof(name_clat_tx_ether),
+    });
+
+    // These are not compile time constants: 'name' is used in strncpy below
+    const char* const name_clat_rx = ethernet ? name_clat_rx_ether : name_clat_rx_rawip;
+    const char* const name_clat_tx = ethernet ? name_clat_tx_ether : name_clat_tx_rawip;
+    const char* const name = ingress ? name_clat_rx : name_clat_tx;
+
+    struct {
+        nlmsghdr n;
+        tcmsg t;
+        struct {
+            nlattr attr;
+            char str[NLMSG_ALIGN(ASCIIZ_LEN_BPF)];
+        } kind;
+        struct {
+            nlattr attr;
+            struct {
+                nlattr attr;
+                __u32 u32;
+            } fd;
+            struct {
+                nlattr attr;
+                char str[NLMSG_ALIGN(ASCIIZ_MAXLEN_NAME)];
+            } name;
+            struct {
+                nlattr attr;
+                __u32 u32;
+            } flags;
+        } options;
+    } req = {
+            .n =
+                    {
+                            .nlmsg_len = sizeof(req),
+                            .nlmsg_type = RTM_NEWTFILTER,
+                            .nlmsg_flags = NETLINK_REQUEST_FLAGS | NLM_F_EXCL | NLM_F_CREATE,
+                    },
+            .t =
+                    {
+                            .tcm_family = AF_UNSPEC,
+                            .tcm_ifindex = ifIndex,
+                            .tcm_handle = TC_H_UNSPEC,
+                            .tcm_parent = TC_H_MAKE(TC_H_CLSACT,
+                                                    ingress ? TC_H_MIN_INGRESS : TC_H_MIN_EGRESS),
+                            .tcm_info = static_cast<__u32>((PRIO_CLAT << 16) | htons(proto)),
+                    },
+            .kind =
+                    {
+                            .attr =
+                                    {
+                                            .nla_len = sizeof(req.kind),
+                                            .nla_type = TCA_KIND,
+                                    },
+                            .str = BPF,
+                    },
+            .options =
+                    {
+                            .attr =
+                                    {
+                                            .nla_len = sizeof(req.options),
+                                            .nla_type = NLA_F_NESTED | TCA_OPTIONS,
+                                    },
+                            .fd =
+                                    {
+                                            .attr =
+                                                    {
+                                                            .nla_len = sizeof(req.options.fd),
+                                                            .nla_type = TCA_BPF_FD,
+                                                    },
+                                            .u32 = static_cast<__u32>(bpfFd),
+                                    },
+                            .name =
+                                    {
+                                            .attr =
+                                                    {
+                                                            .nla_len = sizeof(req.options.name),
+                                                            .nla_type = TCA_BPF_NAME,
+                                                    },
+                                            // Visible via 'tc filter show', but
+                                            // is overwritten by strncpy below
+                                            .str = "placeholder",
+                                    },
+                            .flags =
+                                    {
+                                            .attr =
+                                                    {
+                                                            .nla_len = sizeof(req.options.flags),
+                                                            .nla_type = TCA_BPF_FLAGS,
+                                                    },
+                                            .u32 = TCA_BPF_FLAG_ACT_DIRECT,
+                                    },
+                    },
+    };
+#undef BPF
+
+    strncpy(req.options.name.str, name, sizeof(req.options.name.str));
+
+    return sendAndProcessNetlinkResponse(&req, sizeof(req));
+}
+
+// tc filter del dev .. in/egress prio 4 protocol ..
+int tcFilterDelDev(int ifIndex, bool ingress, uint16_t prio, uint16_t proto) {
+    const struct {
+        nlmsghdr n;
+        tcmsg t;
+    } req = {
+            .n =
+                    {
+                            .nlmsg_len = sizeof(req),
+                            .nlmsg_type = RTM_DELTFILTER,
+                            .nlmsg_flags = NETLINK_REQUEST_FLAGS,
+                    },
+            .t =
+                    {
+                            .tcm_family = AF_UNSPEC,
+                            .tcm_ifindex = ifIndex,
+                            .tcm_handle = TC_H_UNSPEC,
+                            .tcm_parent = TC_H_MAKE(TC_H_CLSACT,
+                                                    ingress ? TC_H_MIN_INGRESS : TC_H_MIN_EGRESS),
+                            .tcm_info = (static_cast<uint32_t>(prio) << 16) |
+                                        static_cast<uint32_t>(htons(proto)),
+                    },
+    };
+
+    return sendAndProcessNetlinkResponse(&req, sizeof(req));
+}
+
+}  // namespace net
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/service/native/libs/libclat/TcUtilsTest.cpp b/service/native/libs/libclat/TcUtilsTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08f3042
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/native/libs/libclat/TcUtilsTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ * TcUtilsTest.cpp - unit tests for TcUtils.cpp
+ */
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "libclat/TcUtils.h"
+
+#include <linux/if_arp.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+
+#include "bpf/BpfUtils.h"
+#include "bpf_shared.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace net {
+
+class TcUtilsTest : public ::testing::Test {
+  public:
+    void SetUp() {}
+};
+
+TEST_F(TcUtilsTest, HardwareAddressTypeOfNonExistingIf) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(-ENODEV, hardwareAddressType("not_existing_if"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(TcUtilsTest, HardwareAddressTypeOfLoopback) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(ARPHRD_LOOPBACK, hardwareAddressType("lo"));
+}
+
+// If wireless 'wlan0' interface exists it should be Ethernet.
+TEST_F(TcUtilsTest, HardwareAddressTypeOfWireless) {
+    int type = hardwareAddressType("wlan0");
+    if (type == -ENODEV) return;
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(ARPHRD_ETHER, type);
+}
+
+// If cellular 'rmnet_data0' interface exists it should
+// *probably* not be Ethernet and instead be RawIp.
+TEST_F(TcUtilsTest, HardwareAddressTypeOfCellular) {
+    int type = hardwareAddressType("rmnet_data0");
+    if (type == -ENODEV) return;
+
+    ASSERT_NE(ARPHRD_ETHER, type);
+
+    // ARPHRD_RAWIP is 530 on some pre-4.14 Qualcomm devices.
+    if (type == 530) return;
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(ARPHRD_RAWIP, type);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TcUtilsTest, IsEthernetOfNonExistingIf) {
+    auto res = isEthernet("not_existing_if");
+    ASSERT_FALSE(res.ok());
+    ASSERT_EQ(ENODEV, res.error().code());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TcUtilsTest, IsEthernetOfLoopback) {
+    auto res = isEthernet("lo");
+    ASSERT_FALSE(res.ok());
+    ASSERT_EQ(EAFNOSUPPORT, res.error().code());
+}
+
+// If wireless 'wlan0' interface exists it should be Ethernet.
+// See also HardwareAddressTypeOfWireless.
+TEST_F(TcUtilsTest, IsEthernetOfWireless) {
+    auto res = isEthernet("wlan0");
+    if (!res.ok() && res.error().code() == ENODEV) return;
+
+    ASSERT_RESULT_OK(res);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(res.value());
+}
+
+// If cellular 'rmnet_data0' interface exists it should
+// *probably* not be Ethernet and instead be RawIp.
+// See also HardwareAddressTypeOfCellular.
+TEST_F(TcUtilsTest, IsEthernetOfCellular) {
+    auto res = isEthernet("rmnet_data0");
+    if (!res.ok() && res.error().code() == ENODEV) return;
+
+    ASSERT_RESULT_OK(res);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(res.value());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TcUtilsTest, DeviceMTUOfNonExistingIf) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(-ENODEV, deviceMTU("not_existing_if"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(TcUtilsTest, DeviceMTUofLoopback) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(65536, deviceMTU("lo"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(TcUtilsTest, GetClatEgress4MapFd) {
+    int fd = getClatEgress4MapFd();
+    ASSERT_GE(fd, 3);  // 0,1,2 - stdin/out/err, thus fd >= 3
+    EXPECT_EQ(FD_CLOEXEC, fcntl(fd, F_GETFD));
+    close(fd);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TcUtilsTest, GetClatEgress4RawIpProgFd) {
+    int fd = getClatEgress4ProgFd(RAWIP);
+    ASSERT_GE(fd, 3);
+    EXPECT_EQ(FD_CLOEXEC, fcntl(fd, F_GETFD));
+    close(fd);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TcUtilsTest, GetClatEgress4EtherProgFd) {
+    int fd = getClatEgress4ProgFd(ETHER);
+    ASSERT_GE(fd, 3);
+    EXPECT_EQ(FD_CLOEXEC, fcntl(fd, F_GETFD));
+    close(fd);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TcUtilsTest, GetClatIngress6MapFd) {
+    int fd = getClatIngress6MapFd();
+    ASSERT_GE(fd, 3);  // 0,1,2 - stdin/out/err, thus fd >= 3
+    EXPECT_EQ(FD_CLOEXEC, fcntl(fd, F_GETFD));
+    close(fd);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TcUtilsTest, GetClatIngress6RawIpProgFd) {
+    int fd = getClatIngress6ProgFd(RAWIP);
+    ASSERT_GE(fd, 3);
+    EXPECT_EQ(FD_CLOEXEC, fcntl(fd, F_GETFD));
+    close(fd);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TcUtilsTest, GetClatIngress6EtherProgFd) {
+    int fd = getClatIngress6ProgFd(ETHER);
+    ASSERT_GE(fd, 3);
+    EXPECT_EQ(FD_CLOEXEC, fcntl(fd, F_GETFD));
+    close(fd);
+}
+
+// See Linux kernel source in include/net/flow.h
+#define LOOPBACK_IFINDEX 1
+
+TEST_F(TcUtilsTest, AttachReplaceDetachClsactLo) {
+    // This attaches and detaches a configuration-less and thus no-op clsact
+    // qdisc to loopback interface (and it takes fractions of a second)
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, tcQdiscAddDevClsact(LOOPBACK_IFINDEX));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, tcQdiscReplaceDevClsact(LOOPBACK_IFINDEX));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, tcQdiscDelDevClsact(LOOPBACK_IFINDEX));
+    EXPECT_EQ(-EINVAL, tcQdiscDelDevClsact(LOOPBACK_IFINDEX));
+}
+
+static void checkAttachDetachBpfFilterClsactLo(const bool ingress, const bool ethernet) {
+    // Older kernels return EINVAL instead of ENOENT due to lacking proper error propagation...
+    const int errNOENT = android::bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 19, 0) ? ENOENT : EINVAL;
+
+    int clatBpfFd = ingress ? getClatIngress6ProgFd(ethernet) : getClatEgress4ProgFd(ethernet);
+    ASSERT_GE(clatBpfFd, 3);
+
+    // This attaches and detaches a clsact plus ebpf program to loopback
+    // interface, but it should not affect traffic by virtue of us not
+    // actually populating the ebpf control map.
+    // Furthermore: it only takes fractions of a second.
+    EXPECT_EQ(-EINVAL, tcFilterDelDevIngressClatIpv6(LOOPBACK_IFINDEX));
+    EXPECT_EQ(-EINVAL, tcFilterDelDevEgressClatIpv4(LOOPBACK_IFINDEX));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, tcQdiscAddDevClsact(LOOPBACK_IFINDEX));
+    EXPECT_EQ(-errNOENT, tcFilterDelDevIngressClatIpv6(LOOPBACK_IFINDEX));
+    EXPECT_EQ(-errNOENT, tcFilterDelDevEgressClatIpv4(LOOPBACK_IFINDEX));
+    if (ingress) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(0, tcFilterAddDevIngressClatIpv6(LOOPBACK_IFINDEX, clatBpfFd, ethernet));
+        EXPECT_EQ(0, tcFilterDelDevIngressClatIpv6(LOOPBACK_IFINDEX));
+    } else {
+        EXPECT_EQ(0, tcFilterAddDevEgressClatIpv4(LOOPBACK_IFINDEX, clatBpfFd, ethernet));
+        EXPECT_EQ(0, tcFilterDelDevEgressClatIpv4(LOOPBACK_IFINDEX));
+    }
+    EXPECT_EQ(-errNOENT, tcFilterDelDevIngressClatIpv6(LOOPBACK_IFINDEX));
+    EXPECT_EQ(-errNOENT, tcFilterDelDevEgressClatIpv4(LOOPBACK_IFINDEX));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, tcQdiscDelDevClsact(LOOPBACK_IFINDEX));
+    EXPECT_EQ(-EINVAL, tcFilterDelDevIngressClatIpv6(LOOPBACK_IFINDEX));
+    EXPECT_EQ(-EINVAL, tcFilterDelDevEgressClatIpv4(LOOPBACK_IFINDEX));
+
+    close(clatBpfFd);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TcUtilsTest, CheckAttachBpfFilterRawIpClsactEgressLo) {
+    checkAttachDetachBpfFilterClsactLo(EGRESS, RAWIP);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TcUtilsTest, CheckAttachBpfFilterEthernetClsactEgressLo) {
+    checkAttachDetachBpfFilterClsactLo(EGRESS, ETHER);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TcUtilsTest, CheckAttachBpfFilterRawIpClsactIngressLo) {
+    checkAttachDetachBpfFilterClsactLo(INGRESS, RAWIP);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TcUtilsTest, CheckAttachBpfFilterEthernetClsactIngressLo) {
+    checkAttachDetachBpfFilterClsactLo(INGRESS, ETHER);
+}
+
+}  // namespace net
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/service/native/libs/libclat/bpfhelper.cpp b/service/native/libs/libclat/bpfhelper.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..00785ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/native/libs/libclat/bpfhelper.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ * main.c - main function
+ */
+#define LOG_TAG "bpfhelper"
+
+#include "libclat/bpfhelper.h"
+
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+
+#include "bpf/BpfMap.h"
+#include "libclat/TcUtils.h"
+
+#define DEVICEPREFIX "v4-"
+
+using android::base::unique_fd;
+using android::bpf::BpfMap;
+
+BpfMap<ClatEgress4Key, ClatEgress4Value> mClatEgress4Map;
+BpfMap<ClatIngress6Key, ClatIngress6Value> mClatIngress6Map;
+
+namespace android {
+namespace net {
+namespace clat {
+
+// TODO: have a clearMap function to remove all stubs while system server crash.
+// For long term, move bpf access into java and map initialization should live
+// ClatCoordinator constructor.
+int initMaps(void) {
+    int rv = getClatEgress4MapFd();
+    if (rv < 0) {
+        ALOGE("getClatEgress4MapFd() failure: %s", strerror(-rv));
+        return -rv;
+    }
+    mClatEgress4Map.reset(rv);
+
+    rv = getClatIngress6MapFd();
+    if (rv < 0) {
+        ALOGE("getClatIngress6MapFd() failure: %s", strerror(-rv));
+        mClatEgress4Map.reset(-1);
+        return -rv;
+    }
+    mClatIngress6Map.reset(rv);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void maybeStartBpf(const ClatdTracker& tracker) {
+    auto isEthernet = android::net::isEthernet(tracker.iface);
+    if (!isEthernet.ok()) {
+        ALOGE("isEthernet(%s[%d]) failure: %s", tracker.iface, tracker.ifIndex,
+              isEthernet.error().message().c_str());
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // This program will be attached to the v4-* interface which is a TUN and thus always rawip.
+    int rv = getClatEgress4ProgFd(RAWIP);
+    if (rv < 0) {
+        ALOGE("getClatEgress4ProgFd(RAWIP) failure: %s", strerror(-rv));
+        return;
+    }
+    unique_fd txRawIpProgFd(rv);
+
+    rv = getClatIngress6ProgFd(isEthernet.value());
+    if (rv < 0) {
+        ALOGE("getClatIngress6ProgFd(%d) failure: %s", isEthernet.value(), strerror(-rv));
+        return;
+    }
+    unique_fd rxProgFd(rv);
+
+    ClatEgress4Key txKey = {
+            .iif = tracker.v4ifIndex,
+            .local4 = tracker.v4,
+    };
+    ClatEgress4Value txValue = {
+            .oif = tracker.ifIndex,
+            .local6 = tracker.v6,
+            .pfx96 = tracker.pfx96,
+            .oifIsEthernet = isEthernet.value(),
+    };
+
+    auto ret = mClatEgress4Map.writeValue(txKey, txValue, BPF_ANY);
+    if (!ret.ok()) {
+        ALOGE("mClatEgress4Map.writeValue failure: %s", strerror(ret.error().code()));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ClatIngress6Key rxKey = {
+            .iif = tracker.ifIndex,
+            .pfx96 = tracker.pfx96,
+            .local6 = tracker.v6,
+    };
+    ClatIngress6Value rxValue = {
+            // TODO: move all the clat code to eBPF and remove the tun interface entirely.
+            .oif = tracker.v4ifIndex,
+            .local4 = tracker.v4,
+    };
+
+    ret = mClatIngress6Map.writeValue(rxKey, rxValue, BPF_ANY);
+    if (!ret.ok()) {
+        ALOGE("mClatIngress6Map.writeValue failure: %s", strerror(ret.error().code()));
+        ret = mClatEgress4Map.deleteValue(txKey);
+        if (!ret.ok())
+            ALOGE("mClatEgress4Map.deleteValue failure: %s", strerror(ret.error().code()));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // We do tc setup *after* populating the maps, so scanning through them
+    // can always be used to tell us what needs cleanup.
+
+    // Usually the clsact will be added in RouteController::addInterfaceToPhysicalNetwork.
+    // But clat is started before the v4- interface is added to the network. The clat startup have
+    // to add clsact of v4- tun interface first for adding bpf filter in maybeStartBpf.
+    // TODO: move "qdisc add clsact" of v4- tun interface out from ClatdController.
+    rv = tcQdiscAddDevClsact(tracker.v4ifIndex);
+    if (rv) {
+        ALOGE("tcQdiscAddDevClsact(%d[%s]) failure: %s", tracker.v4ifIndex, tracker.v4iface,
+              strerror(-rv));
+        ret = mClatEgress4Map.deleteValue(txKey);
+        if (!ret.ok())
+            ALOGE("mClatEgress4Map.deleteValue failure: %s", strerror(ret.error().code()));
+        ret = mClatIngress6Map.deleteValue(rxKey);
+        if (!ret.ok())
+            ALOGE("mClatIngress6Map.deleteValue failure: %s", strerror(ret.error().code()));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    rv = tcFilterAddDevEgressClatIpv4(tracker.v4ifIndex, txRawIpProgFd, RAWIP);
+    if (rv) {
+        ALOGE("tcFilterAddDevEgressClatIpv4(%d[%s], RAWIP) failure: %s", tracker.v4ifIndex,
+              tracker.v4iface, strerror(-rv));
+
+        // The v4- interface clsact is not deleted for unwinding error because once it is created
+        // with interface addition, the lifetime is till interface deletion. Moreover, the clsact
+        // has no clat filter now. It should not break anything.
+
+        ret = mClatEgress4Map.deleteValue(txKey);
+        if (!ret.ok())
+            ALOGE("mClatEgress4Map.deleteValue failure: %s", strerror(ret.error().code()));
+        ret = mClatIngress6Map.deleteValue(rxKey);
+        if (!ret.ok())
+            ALOGE("mClatIngress6Map.deleteValue failure: %s", strerror(ret.error().code()));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    rv = tcFilterAddDevIngressClatIpv6(tracker.ifIndex, rxProgFd, isEthernet.value());
+    if (rv) {
+        ALOGE("tcFilterAddDevIngressClatIpv6(%d[%s], %d) failure: %s", tracker.ifIndex,
+              tracker.iface, isEthernet.value(), strerror(-rv));
+        rv = tcFilterDelDevEgressClatIpv4(tracker.v4ifIndex);
+        if (rv) {
+            ALOGE("tcFilterDelDevEgressClatIpv4(%d[%s]) failure: %s", tracker.v4ifIndex,
+                  tracker.v4iface, strerror(-rv));
+        }
+
+        // The v4- interface clsact is not deleted. See the reason in the error unwinding code of
+        // the egress filter attaching of v4- tun interface.
+
+        ret = mClatEgress4Map.deleteValue(txKey);
+        if (!ret.ok())
+            ALOGE("mClatEgress4Map.deleteValue failure: %s", strerror(ret.error().code()));
+        ret = mClatIngress6Map.deleteValue(rxKey);
+        if (!ret.ok())
+            ALOGE("mClatIngress6Map.deleteValue failure: %s", strerror(ret.error().code()));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // success
+}
+
+void maybeStopBpf(const ClatdTracker& tracker) {
+    int rv = tcFilterDelDevIngressClatIpv6(tracker.ifIndex);
+    if (rv < 0) {
+        ALOGE("tcFilterDelDevIngressClatIpv6(%d[%s]) failure: %s", tracker.ifIndex, tracker.iface,
+              strerror(-rv));
+    }
+
+    rv = tcFilterDelDevEgressClatIpv4(tracker.v4ifIndex);
+    if (rv < 0) {
+        ALOGE("tcFilterDelDevEgressClatIpv4(%d[%s]) failure: %s", tracker.v4ifIndex,
+              tracker.v4iface, strerror(-rv));
+    }
+
+    // We cleanup the maps last, so scanning through them can be used to
+    // determine what still needs cleanup.
+
+    ClatEgress4Key txKey = {
+            .iif = tracker.v4ifIndex,
+            .local4 = tracker.v4,
+    };
+
+    auto ret = mClatEgress4Map.deleteValue(txKey);
+    if (!ret.ok()) ALOGE("mClatEgress4Map.deleteValue failure: %s", strerror(ret.error().code()));
+
+    ClatIngress6Key rxKey = {
+            .iif = tracker.ifIndex,
+            .pfx96 = tracker.pfx96,
+            .local6 = tracker.v6,
+    };
+
+    ret = mClatIngress6Map.deleteValue(rxKey);
+    if (!ret.ok()) ALOGE("mClatIngress6Map.deleteValue failure: %s", strerror(ret.error().code()));
+}
+
+}  // namespace clat
+}  // namespace net
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/service/native/libs/libclat/clatutils.cpp b/service/native/libs/libclat/clatutils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a125ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/native/libs/libclat/clatutils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#define LOG_TAG "clatutils"
+
+#include "libclat/clatutils.h"
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <linux/filter.h>
+#include <linux/if_packet.h>
+#include <linux/if_tun.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+extern "C" {
+#include "checksum.h"
+}
+
+// Sync from external/android-clat/clatd.h
+#define MAXMTU 65536
+#define PACKETLEN (MAXMTU + sizeof(struct tun_pi))
+
+// Sync from system/netd/include/netid_client.h.
+#define MARK_UNSET 0u
+
+namespace android {
+namespace net {
+namespace clat {
+
+bool isIpv4AddressFree(in_addr_t addr) {
+    int s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0);
+    if (s == -1) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    // Attempt to connect to the address. If the connection succeeds and getsockname returns the
+    // same then the address is already assigned to the system and we can't use it.
+    struct sockaddr_in sin = {
+            .sin_family = AF_INET,
+            .sin_port = htons(53),
+            .sin_addr = {addr},
+    };
+    socklen_t len = sizeof(sin);
+    bool inuse = connect(s, (struct sockaddr*)&sin, sizeof(sin)) == 0 &&
+                 getsockname(s, (struct sockaddr*)&sin, &len) == 0 && (size_t)len >= sizeof(sin) &&
+                 sin.sin_addr.s_addr == addr;
+
+    close(s);
+    return !inuse;
+}
+
+// Picks a free IPv4 address, starting from ip and trying all addresses in the prefix in order.
+//   ip        - the IP address from the configuration file
+//   prefixlen - the length of the prefix from which addresses may be selected.
+//   returns: the IPv4 address, or INADDR_NONE if no addresses were available
+in_addr_t selectIpv4Address(const in_addr ip, int16_t prefixlen) {
+    return selectIpv4AddressInternal(ip, prefixlen, isIpv4AddressFree);
+}
+
+// Only allow testing to use this function directly. Otherwise call selectIpv4Address(ip, pfxlen)
+// which has applied valid isIpv4AddressFree function pointer.
+in_addr_t selectIpv4AddressInternal(const in_addr ip, int16_t prefixlen,
+                                    isIpv4AddrFreeFn isIpv4AddressFreeFunc) {
+    // Impossible! Only test allows to apply fn.
+    if (isIpv4AddressFreeFunc == nullptr) {
+        return INADDR_NONE;
+    }
+
+    // Don't accept prefixes that are too large because we scan addresses one by one.
+    if (prefixlen < 16 || prefixlen > 32) {
+        return INADDR_NONE;
+    }
+
+    // All these are in host byte order.
+    in_addr_t mask = 0xffffffff >> (32 - prefixlen) << (32 - prefixlen);
+    in_addr_t ipv4 = ntohl(ip.s_addr);
+    in_addr_t first_ipv4 = ipv4;
+    in_addr_t prefix = ipv4 & mask;
+
+    // Pick the first IPv4 address in the pool, wrapping around if necessary.
+    // So, for example, 192.0.0.4 -> 192.0.0.5 -> 192.0.0.6 -> 192.0.0.7 -> 192.0.0.0.
+    do {
+        if (isIpv4AddressFreeFunc(htonl(ipv4))) {
+            return htonl(ipv4);
+        }
+        ipv4 = prefix | ((ipv4 + 1) & ~mask);
+    } while (ipv4 != first_ipv4);
+
+    return INADDR_NONE;
+}
+
+// Alters the bits in the IPv6 address to make them checksum neutral with v4 and nat64Prefix.
+void makeChecksumNeutral(in6_addr* v6, const in_addr v4, const in6_addr& nat64Prefix) {
+    // Fill last 8 bytes of IPv6 address with random bits.
+    arc4random_buf(&v6->s6_addr[8], 8);
+
+    // Make the IID checksum-neutral. That is, make it so that:
+    //   checksum(Local IPv4 | Remote IPv4) = checksum(Local IPv6 | Remote IPv6)
+    // in other words (because remote IPv6 = NAT64 prefix | Remote IPv4):
+    //   checksum(Local IPv4) = checksum(Local IPv6 | NAT64 prefix)
+    // Do this by adjusting the two bytes in the middle of the IID.
+
+    uint16_t middlebytes = (v6->s6_addr[11] << 8) + v6->s6_addr[12];
+
+    uint32_t c1 = ip_checksum_add(0, &v4, sizeof(v4));
+    uint32_t c2 = ip_checksum_add(0, &nat64Prefix, sizeof(nat64Prefix)) +
+                  ip_checksum_add(0, v6, sizeof(*v6));
+
+    uint16_t delta = ip_checksum_adjust(middlebytes, c1, c2);
+    v6->s6_addr[11] = delta >> 8;
+    v6->s6_addr[12] = delta & 0xff;
+}
+
+// Picks a random interface ID that is checksum neutral with the IPv4 address and the NAT64 prefix.
+int generateIpv6Address(const char* iface, const in_addr v4, const in6_addr& nat64Prefix,
+                        in6_addr* v6) {
+    int s = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0);
+    if (s == -1) return -errno;
+
+    if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BINDTODEVICE, iface, strlen(iface) + 1) == -1) {
+        close(s);
+        return -errno;
+    }
+
+    sockaddr_in6 sin6 = {.sin6_family = AF_INET6, .sin6_addr = nat64Prefix};
+    if (connect(s, reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr*>(&sin6), sizeof(sin6)) == -1) {
+        close(s);
+        return -errno;
+    }
+
+    socklen_t len = sizeof(sin6);
+    if (getsockname(s, reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr*>(&sin6), &len) == -1) {
+        close(s);
+        return -errno;
+    }
+
+    *v6 = sin6.sin6_addr;
+
+    if (IN6_IS_ADDR_UNSPECIFIED(v6) || IN6_IS_ADDR_LOOPBACK(v6) || IN6_IS_ADDR_LINKLOCAL(v6) ||
+        IN6_IS_ADDR_SITELOCAL(v6) || IN6_IS_ADDR_ULA(v6)) {
+        close(s);
+        return -ENETUNREACH;
+    }
+
+    makeChecksumNeutral(v6, v4, nat64Prefix);
+    close(s);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int detect_mtu(const struct in6_addr* plat_subnet, uint32_t plat_suffix, uint32_t mark) {
+    // Create an IPv6 UDP socket.
+    int s = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0);
+    if (s < 0) {
+        int ret = errno;
+        ALOGE("socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, 0) failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+        return -ret;
+    }
+
+    // Socket's mark affects routing decisions (network selection)
+    if ((mark != MARK_UNSET) && setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_MARK, &mark, sizeof(mark))) {
+        int ret = errno;
+        ALOGE("setsockopt(SOL_SOCKET, SO_MARK) failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+        close(s);
+        return -ret;
+    }
+
+    // Try to connect udp socket to plat_subnet(96 bits):plat_suffix(32 bits)
+    struct sockaddr_in6 dst = {
+            .sin6_family = AF_INET6,
+            .sin6_addr = *plat_subnet,
+    };
+    dst.sin6_addr.s6_addr32[3] = plat_suffix;
+    if (connect(s, (struct sockaddr*)&dst, sizeof(dst))) {
+        int ret = errno;
+        ALOGE("connect() failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+        close(s);
+        return -ret;
+    }
+
+    // Fetch the socket's IPv6 mtu - this is effectively fetching mtu from routing table
+    int mtu;
+    socklen_t sz_mtu = sizeof(mtu);
+    if (getsockopt(s, SOL_IPV6, IPV6_MTU, &mtu, &sz_mtu)) {
+        int ret = errno;
+        ALOGE("getsockopt(SOL_IPV6, IPV6_MTU) failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+        close(s);
+        return -ret;
+    }
+    if (sz_mtu != sizeof(mtu)) {
+        ALOGE("getsockopt(SOL_IPV6, IPV6_MTU) returned unexpected size: %d", sz_mtu);
+        close(s);
+        return -EFAULT;
+    }
+    close(s);
+
+    return mtu;
+}
+
+/* function: configure_packet_socket
+ * Binds the packet socket and attaches the receive filter to it.
+ *   sock    - the socket to configure
+ *   addr    - the IP address to filter
+ *   ifindex - index of interface to add the filter to
+ * returns: 0 on success, -errno on failure
+ */
+int configure_packet_socket(int sock, in6_addr* addr, int ifindex) {
+    uint32_t* ipv6 = addr->s6_addr32;
+
+    // clang-format off
+    struct sock_filter filter_code[] = {
+    // Load the first four bytes of the IPv6 destination address (starts 24 bytes in).
+    // Compare it against the first four bytes of our IPv6 address, in host byte order (BPF loads
+    // are always in host byte order). If it matches, continue with next instruction (JMP 0). If it
+    // doesn't match, jump ahead to statement that returns 0 (ignore packet). Repeat for the other
+    // three words of the IPv6 address, and if they all match, return PACKETLEN (accept packet).
+        BPF_STMT(BPF_LD  | BPF_W   | BPF_ABS,  24),
+        BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP | BPF_JEQ | BPF_K,    htonl(ipv6[0]), 0, 7),
+        BPF_STMT(BPF_LD  | BPF_W   | BPF_ABS,  28),
+        BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP | BPF_JEQ | BPF_K,    htonl(ipv6[1]), 0, 5),
+        BPF_STMT(BPF_LD  | BPF_W   | BPF_ABS,  32),
+        BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP | BPF_JEQ | BPF_K,    htonl(ipv6[2]), 0, 3),
+        BPF_STMT(BPF_LD  | BPF_W   | BPF_ABS,  36),
+        BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP | BPF_JEQ | BPF_K,    htonl(ipv6[3]), 0, 1),
+        BPF_STMT(BPF_RET | BPF_K,              PACKETLEN),
+        BPF_STMT(BPF_RET | BPF_K,              0),
+    };
+    // clang-format on
+    struct sock_fprog filter = {sizeof(filter_code) / sizeof(filter_code[0]), filter_code};
+
+    if (setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ATTACH_FILTER, &filter, sizeof(filter))) {
+        int res = errno;
+        ALOGE("attach packet filter failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+        return -res;
+    }
+
+    struct sockaddr_ll sll = {
+            .sll_family = AF_PACKET,
+            .sll_protocol = htons(ETH_P_IPV6),
+            .sll_ifindex = ifindex,
+            .sll_pkttype =
+                    PACKET_OTHERHOST,  // The 464xlat IPv6 address is not assigned to the kernel.
+    };
+    if (bind(sock, (struct sockaddr*)&sll, sizeof(sll))) {
+        int res = errno;
+        ALOGE("binding packet socket: %s", strerror(errno));
+        return -res;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+}  // namespace clat
+}  // namespace net
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/service/native/libs/libclat/clatutils_test.cpp b/service/native/libs/libclat/clatutils_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4153e19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/native/libs/libclat/clatutils_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "libclat/clatutils.h"
+
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <linux/if_packet.h>
+#include <linux/if_tun.h>
+#include "tun_interface.h"
+
+extern "C" {
+#include "checksum.h"
+}
+
+// Default translation parameters.
+static const char kIPv4LocalAddr[] = "192.0.0.4";
+
+namespace android {
+namespace net {
+namespace clat {
+
+using android::net::TunInterface;
+using base::StringPrintf;
+
+class ClatUtils : public ::testing::Test {};
+
+// Mock functions for isIpv4AddressFree.
+bool neverFree(in_addr_t /* addr */) {
+    return 0;
+}
+bool alwaysFree(in_addr_t /* addr */) {
+    return 1;
+}
+bool only2Free(in_addr_t addr) {
+    return (ntohl(addr) & 0xff) == 2;
+}
+bool over6Free(in_addr_t addr) {
+    return (ntohl(addr) & 0xff) >= 6;
+}
+bool only10Free(in_addr_t addr) {
+    return (ntohl(addr) & 0xff) == 10;
+}
+
+// Apply mocked isIpv4AddressFree function for selectIpv4Address test.
+in_addr_t selectIpv4Address(const in_addr ip, int16_t prefixlen,
+                            isIpv4AddrFreeFn fn /* mocked function */) {
+    // Call internal function to replace isIpv4AddressFreeFn for testing.
+    return selectIpv4AddressInternal(ip, prefixlen, fn);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ClatUtils, SelectIpv4Address) {
+    struct in_addr addr;
+
+    inet_pton(AF_INET, kIPv4LocalAddr, &addr);
+
+    // If no addresses are free, return INADDR_NONE.
+    EXPECT_EQ(INADDR_NONE, selectIpv4Address(addr, 29, neverFree));
+    EXPECT_EQ(INADDR_NONE, selectIpv4Address(addr, 16, neverFree));
+
+    // If the configured address is free, pick that. But a prefix that's too big is invalid.
+    EXPECT_EQ(inet_addr(kIPv4LocalAddr), selectIpv4Address(addr, 29, alwaysFree));
+    EXPECT_EQ(inet_addr(kIPv4LocalAddr), selectIpv4Address(addr, 20, alwaysFree));
+    EXPECT_EQ(INADDR_NONE, selectIpv4Address(addr, 15, alwaysFree));
+
+    // A prefix length of 32 works, but anything above it is invalid.
+    EXPECT_EQ(inet_addr(kIPv4LocalAddr), selectIpv4Address(addr, 32, alwaysFree));
+    EXPECT_EQ(INADDR_NONE, selectIpv4Address(addr, 33, alwaysFree));
+
+    // If another address is free, pick it.
+    EXPECT_EQ(inet_addr("192.0.0.6"), selectIpv4Address(addr, 29, over6Free));
+
+    // Check that we wrap around to addresses that are lower than the first address.
+    EXPECT_EQ(inet_addr("192.0.0.2"), selectIpv4Address(addr, 29, only2Free));
+    EXPECT_EQ(INADDR_NONE, selectIpv4Address(addr, 30, only2Free));
+
+    // If a free address exists outside the prefix, we don't pick it.
+    EXPECT_EQ(INADDR_NONE, selectIpv4Address(addr, 29, only10Free));
+    EXPECT_EQ(inet_addr("192.0.0.10"), selectIpv4Address(addr, 24, only10Free));
+
+    // Now try using the real function which sees if IP addresses are free using bind().
+    // Assume that the machine running the test has the address 127.0.0.1, but not 8.8.8.8.
+    addr.s_addr = inet_addr("8.8.8.8");
+    EXPECT_EQ(inet_addr("8.8.8.8"), selectIpv4Address(addr, 29));
+
+    addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
+    EXPECT_EQ(inet_addr("127.0.0.2"), selectIpv4Address(addr, 29));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ClatUtils, MakeChecksumNeutral) {
+    // We can't test generateIPv6Address here since it requires manipulating routing, which we can't
+    // do without talking to the real netd on the system.
+    uint32_t rand = arc4random_uniform(0xffffffff);
+    uint16_t rand1 = rand & 0xffff;
+    uint16_t rand2 = (rand >> 16) & 0xffff;
+    std::string v6PrefixStr = StringPrintf("2001:db8:%x:%x", rand1, rand2);
+    std::string v6InterfaceAddrStr = StringPrintf("%s::%x:%x", v6PrefixStr.c_str(), rand2, rand1);
+    std::string nat64PrefixStr = StringPrintf("2001:db8:%x:%x::", rand2, rand1);
+
+    in_addr v4 = {inet_addr(kIPv4LocalAddr)};
+    in6_addr v6InterfaceAddr;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(inet_pton(AF_INET6, v6InterfaceAddrStr.c_str(), &v6InterfaceAddr));
+    in6_addr nat64Prefix;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(inet_pton(AF_INET6, nat64PrefixStr.c_str(), &nat64Prefix));
+
+    // Generate a boatload of random IIDs.
+    int onebits = 0;
+    uint64_t prev_iid = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
+        in6_addr v6 = v6InterfaceAddr;
+        makeChecksumNeutral(&v6, v4, nat64Prefix);
+
+        // Check the generated IP address is in the same prefix as the interface IPv6 address.
+        EXPECT_EQ(0, memcmp(&v6, &v6InterfaceAddr, 8));
+
+        // Check that consecutive IIDs are not the same.
+        uint64_t iid = *(uint64_t*)(&v6.s6_addr[8]);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(iid != prev_iid)
+                << "Two consecutive random IIDs are the same: " << std::showbase << std::hex << iid
+                << "\n";
+        prev_iid = iid;
+
+        // Check that the IID is checksum-neutral with the NAT64 prefix and the
+        // local prefix.
+        uint16_t c1 = ip_checksum_finish(ip_checksum_add(0, &v4, sizeof(v4)));
+        uint16_t c2 = ip_checksum_finish(ip_checksum_add(0, &nat64Prefix, sizeof(nat64Prefix)) +
+                                         ip_checksum_add(0, &v6, sizeof(v6)));
+
+        if (c1 != c2) {
+            char v6Str[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
+            inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &v6, v6Str, sizeof(v6Str));
+            FAIL() << "Bad IID: " << v6Str << " not checksum-neutral with " << kIPv4LocalAddr
+                   << " and " << nat64PrefixStr.c_str() << std::showbase << std::hex
+                   << "\n  IPv4 checksum: " << c1 << "\n  IPv6 checksum: " << c2 << "\n";
+        }
+
+        // Check that IIDs are roughly random and use all the bits by counting the
+        // total number of bits set to 1 in a random sample of 100000 generated IIDs.
+        onebits += __builtin_popcountll(*(uint64_t*)&iid);
+    }
+    EXPECT_LE(3190000, onebits);
+    EXPECT_GE(3210000, onebits);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ClatUtils, DetectMtu) {
+    // ::1 with bottom 32 bits set to 1 is still ::1 which routes via lo with mtu of 64KiB
+    ASSERT_EQ(detect_mtu(&in6addr_loopback, htonl(1), 0 /*MARK_UNSET*/), 65536);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ClatUtils, ConfigurePacketSocket) {
+    // Create an interface for configure_packet_socket to attach socket filter to.
+    TunInterface v6Iface;
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, v6Iface.init());
+
+    int s = socket(AF_PACKET, SOCK_DGRAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, htons(ETH_P_IPV6));
+    EXPECT_LE(0, s);
+    struct in6_addr addr6;
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, inet_pton(AF_INET6, "2001:db8::f00", &addr6));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, configure_packet_socket(s, &addr6, v6Iface.ifindex()));
+
+    // Check that the packet socket is bound to the interface. We can't check the socket filter
+    // because there is no way to fetch it from the kernel.
+    sockaddr_ll sll;
+    socklen_t len = sizeof(sll);
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, getsockname(s, reinterpret_cast<sockaddr*>(&sll), &len));
+    EXPECT_EQ(htons(ETH_P_IPV6), sll.sll_protocol);
+    EXPECT_EQ(sll.sll_ifindex, v6Iface.ifindex());
+
+    close(s);
+    v6Iface.destroy();
+}
+
+}  // namespace clat
+}  // namespace net
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/service/native/libs/libclat/include/libclat/TcUtils.h b/service/native/libs/libclat/include/libclat/TcUtils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..212838e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/native/libs/libclat/include/libclat/TcUtils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <android-base/result.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <linux/if_ether.h>
+#include <linux/if_link.h>
+#include <linux/rtnetlink.h>
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include "bpf/BpfUtils.h"
+#include "bpf_shared.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace net {
+
+// For better code clarity - do not change values - used for booleans like
+// with_ethernet_header or isEthernet.
+constexpr bool RAWIP = false;
+constexpr bool ETHER = true;
+
+// For better code clarity when used for 'bool ingress' parameter.
+constexpr bool EGRESS = false;
+constexpr bool INGRESS = true;
+
+// The priority of clat hook - must be after tethering.
+constexpr uint16_t PRIO_CLAT = 4;
+
+// this returns an ARPHRD_* constant or a -errno
+int hardwareAddressType(const std::string& interface);
+
+// return MTU or -errno
+int deviceMTU(const std::string& interface);
+
+base::Result<bool> isEthernet(const std::string& interface);
+
+inline int getClatEgress4MapFd(void) {
+    const int fd = bpf::mapRetrieveRW(CLAT_EGRESS4_MAP_PATH);
+    return (fd == -1) ? -errno : fd;
+}
+
+inline int getClatEgress4ProgFd(bool with_ethernet_header) {
+    const int fd = bpf::retrieveProgram(with_ethernet_header ? CLAT_EGRESS4_PROG_ETHER_PATH
+                                                             : CLAT_EGRESS4_PROG_RAWIP_PATH);
+    return (fd == -1) ? -errno : fd;
+}
+
+inline int getClatIngress6MapFd(void) {
+    const int fd = bpf::mapRetrieveRW(CLAT_INGRESS6_MAP_PATH);
+    return (fd == -1) ? -errno : fd;
+}
+
+inline int getClatIngress6ProgFd(bool with_ethernet_header) {
+    const int fd = bpf::retrieveProgram(with_ethernet_header ? CLAT_INGRESS6_PROG_ETHER_PATH
+                                                             : CLAT_INGRESS6_PROG_RAWIP_PATH);
+    return (fd == -1) ? -errno : fd;
+}
+
+int doTcQdiscClsact(int ifIndex, uint16_t nlMsgType, uint16_t nlMsgFlags);
+
+inline int tcQdiscAddDevClsact(int ifIndex) {
+    return doTcQdiscClsact(ifIndex, RTM_NEWQDISC, NLM_F_EXCL | NLM_F_CREATE);
+}
+
+inline int tcQdiscReplaceDevClsact(int ifIndex) {
+    return doTcQdiscClsact(ifIndex, RTM_NEWQDISC, NLM_F_CREATE | NLM_F_REPLACE);
+}
+
+inline int tcQdiscDelDevClsact(int ifIndex) {
+    return doTcQdiscClsact(ifIndex, RTM_DELQDISC, 0);
+}
+
+// tc filter add dev .. in/egress prio 4 protocol ipv6/ip bpf object-pinned /sys/fs/bpf/...
+// direct-action
+int tcFilterAddDevBpf(int ifIndex, bool ingress, uint16_t proto, int bpfFd, bool ethernet);
+
+// tc filter add dev .. ingress prio 4 protocol ipv6 bpf object-pinned /sys/fs/bpf/... direct-action
+inline int tcFilterAddDevIngressClatIpv6(int ifIndex, int bpfFd, bool ethernet) {
+    return tcFilterAddDevBpf(ifIndex, INGRESS, ETH_P_IPV6, bpfFd, ethernet);
+}
+
+// tc filter add dev .. egress prio 4 protocol ip bpf object-pinned /sys/fs/bpf/... direct-action
+inline int tcFilterAddDevEgressClatIpv4(int ifIndex, int bpfFd, bool ethernet) {
+    return tcFilterAddDevBpf(ifIndex, EGRESS, ETH_P_IP, bpfFd, ethernet);
+}
+
+// tc filter del dev .. in/egress prio .. protocol ..
+int tcFilterDelDev(int ifIndex, bool ingress, uint16_t prio, uint16_t proto);
+
+// tc filter del dev .. ingress prio 4 protocol ipv6
+inline int tcFilterDelDevIngressClatIpv6(int ifIndex) {
+    return tcFilterDelDev(ifIndex, INGRESS, PRIO_CLAT, ETH_P_IPV6);
+}
+
+// tc filter del dev .. egress prio 4 protocol ip
+inline int tcFilterDelDevEgressClatIpv4(int ifIndex) {
+    return tcFilterDelDev(ifIndex, EGRESS, PRIO_CLAT, ETH_P_IP);
+}
+
+}  // namespace net
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/service/native/libs/libclat/include/libclat/bpfhelper.h b/service/native/libs/libclat/include/libclat/bpfhelper.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0328c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/native/libs/libclat/include/libclat/bpfhelper.h
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <linux/if.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace net {
+namespace clat {
+
+struct ClatdTracker {
+    unsigned ifIndex;
+    char iface[IFNAMSIZ];
+    unsigned v4ifIndex;
+    char v4iface[IFNAMSIZ];
+    in_addr v4;
+    in6_addr v6;
+    in6_addr pfx96;
+};
+
+int initMaps(void);
+void maybeStartBpf(const ClatdTracker& tracker);
+void maybeStopBpf(const ClatdTracker& tracker);
+
+}  // namespace clat
+}  // namespace net
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/service/native/libs/libclat/include/libclat/clatutils.h b/service/native/libs/libclat/include/libclat/clatutils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..812c86e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/native/libs/libclat/include/libclat/clatutils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <netinet/in6.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace net {
+namespace clat {
+
+bool isIpv4AddressFree(in_addr_t addr);
+in_addr_t selectIpv4Address(const in_addr ip, int16_t prefixlen);
+void makeChecksumNeutral(in6_addr* v6, const in_addr v4, const in6_addr& nat64Prefix);
+int generateIpv6Address(const char* iface, const in_addr v4, const in6_addr& nat64Prefix,
+                        in6_addr* v6);
+int detect_mtu(const struct in6_addr* plat_subnet, uint32_t plat_suffix, uint32_t mark);
+int configure_packet_socket(int sock, in6_addr* addr, int ifindex);
+
+// For testing
+typedef bool (*isIpv4AddrFreeFn)(in_addr_t);
+in_addr_t selectIpv4AddressInternal(const in_addr ip, int16_t prefixlen, isIpv4AddrFreeFn fn);
+
+}  // namespace clat
+}  // namespace net
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/service/proguard.flags b/service/proguard.flags
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b20ddd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/proguard.flags
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# Make sure proguard keeps all connectivity classes
+# TODO: instead of keeping everything, consider listing only "entry points"
+# (service loader, JNI registered methods, etc) and letting the optimizer do its job
+-keep class android.net.** { *; }
+-keep class com.android.connectivity.** { *; }
+-keep class com.android.net.** { *; }
+-keep class com.android.server.** { *; }
+
+# Prevent proguard from stripping out any nearby-service and fast-pair-lite-protos fields.
+# TODO: This could be optimized in the future to only keep the critical
+# entry points and then let proguard strip out any unused code within
+# the service. "com.android.server.nearby.service.proto" must be kept to prevent proguard
+# from stripping out any fast-pair-lite-protos fields.
+-keep class com.android.server.nearby.** { *; }
+
+# The lite proto runtime uses reflection to access fields based on the names in
+# the schema, keep all the fields.
+# This replicates the base proguard rule used by the build by default
+# (proguard_basic_keeps.flags), but needs to be specified here because the
+# com.google.protobuf package is jarjared to the below package.
+-keepclassmembers class * extends com.android.connectivity.com.google.protobuf.MessageLite { <fields>; }
diff --git a/service/proto/connectivityproto.proto b/service/proto/connectivityproto.proto
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a992d7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/proto/connectivityproto.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+// Connectivity protos can be created in this directory. Note this file must be included before
+// building system-messages-proto, otherwise it will not build by itself.
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java b/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c006bc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java
@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server;
+
+import static android.system.OsConstants.EOPNOTSUPP;
+
+import android.net.INetd;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
+import android.system.Os;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+/**
+ * BpfNetMaps is responsible for providing traffic controller relevant functionality.
+ *
+ * {@hide}
+ */
+public class BpfNetMaps {
+    private static final String TAG = "BpfNetMaps";
+    private final INetd mNetd;
+    // Use legacy netd for releases before T.
+    private static final boolean USE_NETD = !SdkLevel.isAtLeastT();
+    private static boolean sInitialized = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Initializes the class if it is not already initialized. This method will open maps but not
+     * cause any other effects. This method may be called multiple times on any thread.
+     */
+    private static synchronized void ensureInitialized() {
+        if (sInitialized) return;
+        if (!USE_NETD) {
+            System.loadLibrary("service-connectivity");
+            native_init();
+        }
+        sInitialized = true;
+    }
+
+    /** Constructor used after T that doesn't need to use netd anymore. */
+    public BpfNetMaps() {
+        this(null);
+
+        if (USE_NETD) throw new IllegalArgumentException("BpfNetMaps need to use netd before T");
+    }
+
+    public BpfNetMaps(INetd netd) {
+        ensureInitialized();
+        mNetd = netd;
+    }
+
+    private void maybeThrow(final int err, final String msg) {
+        if (err != 0) {
+            throw new ServiceSpecificException(err, msg + ": " + Os.strerror(err));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add naughty app bandwidth rule for specific app
+     *
+     * @param uid uid of target app
+     * @throws ServiceSpecificException in case of failure, with an error code indicating the
+     *                                  cause of the failure.
+     */
+    public void addNaughtyApp(final int uid) {
+        final int err = native_addNaughtyApp(uid);
+        maybeThrow(err, "Unable to add naughty app");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove naughty app bandwidth rule for specific app
+     *
+     * @param uid uid of target app
+     * @throws ServiceSpecificException in case of failure, with an error code indicating the
+     *                                  cause of the failure.
+     */
+    public void removeNaughtyApp(final int uid) {
+        final int err = native_removeNaughtyApp(uid);
+        maybeThrow(err, "Unable to remove naughty app");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add nice app bandwidth rule for specific app
+     *
+     * @param uid uid of target app
+     * @throws ServiceSpecificException in case of failure, with an error code indicating the
+     *                                  cause of the failure.
+     */
+    public void addNiceApp(final int uid) {
+        final int err = native_addNiceApp(uid);
+        maybeThrow(err, "Unable to add nice app");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove nice app bandwidth rule for specific app
+     *
+     * @param uid uid of target app
+     * @throws ServiceSpecificException in case of failure, with an error code indicating the
+     *                                  cause of the failure.
+     */
+    public void removeNiceApp(final int uid) {
+        final int err = native_removeNiceApp(uid);
+        maybeThrow(err, "Unable to remove nice app");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set target firewall child chain
+     *
+     * @param childChain target chain to enable
+     * @param enable     whether to enable or disable child chain.
+     * @throws ServiceSpecificException in case of failure, with an error code indicating the
+     *                                  cause of the failure.
+     */
+    public void setChildChain(final int childChain, final boolean enable) {
+        final int err = native_setChildChain(childChain, enable);
+        maybeThrow(err, "Unable to set child chain");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replaces the contents of the specified UID-based firewall chain.
+     *
+     * The chain may be an allowlist chain or a denylist chain. A denylist chain contains DROP
+     * rules for the specified UIDs and a RETURN rule at the end. An allowlist chain contains RETURN
+     * rules for the system UID range (0 to {@code UID_APP} - 1), RETURN rules for the specified
+     * UIDs, and a DROP rule at the end. The chain will be created if it does not exist.
+     *
+     * @param chainName   The name of the chain to replace.
+     * @param isAllowlist Whether this is an allowlist or denylist chain.
+     * @param uids        The list of UIDs to allow/deny.
+     * @return 0 if the chain was successfully replaced, errno otherwise.
+     */
+    public int replaceUidChain(final String chainName, final boolean isAllowlist,
+            final int[] uids) {
+        final int err = native_replaceUidChain(chainName, isAllowlist, uids);
+        if (err != 0) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "replaceUidChain failed: " + Os.strerror(-err));
+        }
+        return -err;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set firewall rule for uid
+     *
+     * @param childChain   target chain
+     * @param uid          uid to allow/deny
+     * @param firewallRule either FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW or FIREWALL_RULE_DENY
+     * @throws ServiceSpecificException in case of failure, with an error code indicating the
+     *                                  cause of the failure.
+     */
+    public void setUidRule(final int childChain, final int uid, final int firewallRule) {
+        final int err = native_setUidRule(childChain, uid, firewallRule);
+        maybeThrow(err, "Unable to set uid rule");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add ingress interface filtering rules to a list of UIDs
+     *
+     * For a given uid, once a filtering rule is added, the kernel will only allow packets from the
+     * allowed interface and loopback to be sent to the list of UIDs.
+     *
+     * Calling this method on one or more UIDs with an existing filtering rule but a different
+     * interface name will result in the filtering rule being updated to allow the new interface
+     * instead. Otherwise calling this method will not affect existing rules set on other UIDs.
+     *
+     * @param ifName the name of the interface on which the filtering rules will allow packets to
+     *               be received.
+     * @param uids   an array of UIDs which the filtering rules will be set
+     * @throws RemoteException when netd has crashed.
+     * @throws ServiceSpecificException in case of failure, with an error code indicating the
+     *                                  cause of the failure.
+     */
+    public void addUidInterfaceRules(final String ifName, final int[] uids) throws RemoteException {
+        if (USE_NETD) {
+            mNetd.firewallAddUidInterfaceRules(ifName, uids);
+            return;
+        }
+        final int err = native_addUidInterfaceRules(ifName, uids);
+        maybeThrow(err, "Unable to add uid interface rules");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove ingress interface filtering rules from a list of UIDs
+     *
+     * Clear the ingress interface filtering rules from the list of UIDs which were previously set
+     * by addUidInterfaceRules(). Ignore any uid which does not have filtering rule.
+     *
+     * @param uids an array of UIDs from which the filtering rules will be removed
+     * @throws RemoteException when netd has crashed.
+     * @throws ServiceSpecificException in case of failure, with an error code indicating the
+     *                                  cause of the failure.
+     */
+    public void removeUidInterfaceRules(final int[] uids) throws RemoteException {
+        if (USE_NETD) {
+            mNetd.firewallRemoveUidInterfaceRules(uids);
+            return;
+        }
+        final int err = native_removeUidInterfaceRules(uids);
+        maybeThrow(err, "Unable to remove uid interface rules");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Request netd to change the current active network stats map.
+     *
+     * @throws ServiceSpecificException in case of failure, with an error code indicating the
+     *                                  cause of the failure.
+     */
+    public void swapActiveStatsMap() {
+        final int err = native_swapActiveStatsMap();
+        maybeThrow(err, "Unable to swap active stats map");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Assigns android.permission.INTERNET and/or android.permission.UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS to the uids
+     * specified. Or remove all permissions from the uids.
+     *
+     * @param permissions The permission to grant, it could be either PERMISSION_INTERNET and/or
+     *                    PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS. If the permission is NO_PERMISSIONS, then
+     *                    revoke all permissions for the uids.
+     * @param uids        uid of users to grant permission
+     * @throws RemoteException when netd has crashed.
+     */
+    public void setNetPermForUids(final int permissions, final int[] uids) throws RemoteException {
+        if (USE_NETD) {
+            mNetd.trafficSetNetPermForUids(permissions, uids);
+            return;
+        }
+        native_setPermissionForUids(permissions, uids);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Dump BPF maps
+     *
+     * @param fd file descriptor to output
+     * @throws IOException when file descriptor is invalid.
+     * @throws ServiceSpecificException when the method is called on an unsupported device.
+     */
+    public void dump(final FileDescriptor fd, boolean verbose)
+            throws IOException, ServiceSpecificException {
+        if (USE_NETD) {
+            throw new ServiceSpecificException(
+                    EOPNOTSUPP, "dumpsys connectivity trafficcontroller dump not available on pre-T"
+                    + " devices, use dumpsys netd trafficcontroller instead.");
+        }
+        native_dump(fd, verbose);
+    }
+
+    private static native void native_init();
+    private native int native_addNaughtyApp(int uid);
+    private native int native_removeNaughtyApp(int uid);
+    private native int native_addNiceApp(int uid);
+    private native int native_removeNiceApp(int uid);
+    private native int native_setChildChain(int childChain, boolean enable);
+    private native int native_replaceUidChain(String name, boolean isAllowlist, int[] uids);
+    private native int native_setUidRule(int childChain, int uid, int firewallRule);
+    private native int native_addUidInterfaceRules(String ifName, int[] uids);
+    private native int native_removeUidInterfaceRules(int[] uids);
+    private native int native_swapActiveStatsMap();
+    private native void native_setPermissionForUids(int permissions, int[] uids);
+    private native void native_dump(FileDescriptor fd, boolean verbose);
+}
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e58160a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
@@ -0,0 +1,11273 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server;
+
+import static android.Manifest.permission.RECEIVE_DATA_ACTIVITY_CHANGE;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_BLUETOOTH;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_WATCH;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI_DIRECT;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityReport.KEY_NETWORK_PROBES_ATTEMPTED_BITMASK;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityReport.KEY_NETWORK_PROBES_SUCCEEDED_BITMASK;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityReport.KEY_NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.DataStallReport.DETECTION_METHOD_DNS_EVENTS;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.DataStallReport.DETECTION_METHOD_TCP_METRICS;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.DataStallReport.KEY_DNS_CONSECUTIVE_TIMEOUTS;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.DataStallReport.KEY_TCP_METRICS_COLLECTION_PERIOD_MILLIS;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.DataStallReport.KEY_TCP_PACKET_FAIL_RATE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_MASK;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_LOCKDOWN_VPN;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_NONE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_BLUETOOTH;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_ETHERNET;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_CBS;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_DUN;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_EMERGENCY;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_FOTA;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_IA;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_IMS;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_MMS;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_NONE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_PROXY;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_VPN;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI_P2P;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.getNetworkTypeName;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.isNetworkTypeValid;
+import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC;
+import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_PRIVDNS;
+import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_PARTIAL;
+import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_SKIPPED;
+import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_VALID;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_5;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.REDACT_FOR_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.REDACT_FOR_LOCAL_MAC_ADDRESS;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.REDACT_FOR_NETWORK_SETTINGS;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
+import static android.net.NetworkRequest.Type.LISTEN_FOR_BEST;
+import static android.net.NetworkScore.POLICY_TRANSPORT_PRIMARY;
+import static android.net.OemNetworkPreferences.OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_TEST;
+import static android.net.OemNetworkPreferences.OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_TEST_ONLY;
+import static android.net.shared.NetworkMonitorUtils.isPrivateDnsValidationRequired;
+import static android.os.Process.INVALID_UID;
+import static android.os.Process.VPN_UID;
+import static android.provider.DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.ETH_P_ALL;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_TCP;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.DeviceConfigUtils.TETHERING_MODULE_NAME;
+
+import static java.util.Map.Entry;
+
+import android.Manifest;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.TargetApi;
+import android.app.AppOpsManager;
+import android.app.BroadcastOptions;
+import android.app.PendingIntent;
+import android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager;
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
+import android.content.ComponentName;
+import android.content.ContentResolver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.IntentFilter;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.database.ContentObserver;
+import android.net.CaptivePortal;
+import android.net.CaptivePortalData;
+import android.net.ConnectionInfo;
+import android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityReport;
+import android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.DataStallReport;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.BlockedReason;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.RestrictBackgroundStatus;
+import android.net.ConnectivityResources;
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager;
+import android.net.DataStallReportParcelable;
+import android.net.DnsResolverServiceManager;
+import android.net.DscpPolicy;
+import android.net.ICaptivePortal;
+import android.net.IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback;
+import android.net.IConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.IDnsResolver;
+import android.net.INetd;
+import android.net.INetworkActivityListener;
+import android.net.INetworkAgent;
+import android.net.INetworkMonitor;
+import android.net.INetworkMonitorCallbacks;
+import android.net.INetworkOfferCallback;
+import android.net.IOnCompleteListener;
+import android.net.IQosCallback;
+import android.net.ISocketKeepaliveCallback;
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.net.IpMemoryStore;
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.MatchAllNetworkSpecifier;
+import android.net.NativeNetworkConfig;
+import android.net.NativeNetworkType;
+import android.net.NattSocketKeepalive;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkAgent;
+import android.net.NetworkAgentConfig;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkInfo;
+import android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState;
+import android.net.NetworkMonitorManager;
+import android.net.NetworkPolicyManager;
+import android.net.NetworkPolicyManager.NetworkPolicyCallback;
+import android.net.NetworkProvider;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.net.NetworkScore;
+import android.net.NetworkSpecifier;
+import android.net.NetworkStack;
+import android.net.NetworkState;
+import android.net.NetworkStateSnapshot;
+import android.net.NetworkTestResultParcelable;
+import android.net.NetworkUtils;
+import android.net.NetworkWatchlistManager;
+import android.net.OemNetworkPreferences;
+import android.net.PrivateDnsConfigParcel;
+import android.net.ProfileNetworkPreference;
+import android.net.ProxyInfo;
+import android.net.QosCallbackException;
+import android.net.QosFilter;
+import android.net.QosSocketFilter;
+import android.net.QosSocketInfo;
+import android.net.RouteInfo;
+import android.net.RouteInfoParcel;
+import android.net.SocketKeepalive;
+import android.net.TetheringManager;
+import android.net.TransportInfo;
+import android.net.UidRange;
+import android.net.UidRangeParcel;
+import android.net.UnderlyingNetworkInfo;
+import android.net.Uri;
+import android.net.VpnManager;
+import android.net.VpnTransportInfo;
+import android.net.metrics.IpConnectivityLog;
+import android.net.metrics.NetworkEvent;
+import android.net.netd.aidl.NativeUidRangeConfig;
+import android.net.networkstack.ModuleNetworkStackClient;
+import android.net.networkstack.NetworkStackClientBase;
+import android.net.networkstack.aidl.NetworkMonitorParameters;
+import android.net.resolv.aidl.DnsHealthEventParcel;
+import android.net.resolv.aidl.IDnsResolverUnsolicitedEventListener;
+import android.net.resolv.aidl.Nat64PrefixEventParcel;
+import android.net.resolv.aidl.PrivateDnsValidationEventParcel;
+import android.net.shared.PrivateDnsConfig;
+import android.net.util.MultinetworkPolicyTracker;
+import android.net.wifi.WifiInfo;
+import android.os.BatteryStatsManager;
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.HandlerThread;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.Message;
+import android.os.Messenger;
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+import android.os.PersistableBundle;
+import android.os.PowerManager;
+import android.os.Process;
+import android.os.RemoteCallbackList;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+import android.os.SystemProperties;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
+import android.os.UserManager;
+import android.provider.Settings;
+import android.sysprop.NetworkProperties;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+import android.util.ArrayMap;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
+import android.util.LocalLog;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.Pair;
+import android.util.SparseArray;
+import android.util.SparseIntArray;
+
+import com.android.connectivity.resources.R;
+import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.internal.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
+import com.android.internal.util.MessageUtils;
+import com.android.modules.utils.BasicShellCommandHandler;
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+import com.android.net.module.util.BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener;
+import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.DeviceConfigUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.InterfaceParams;
+import com.android.net.module.util.LinkPropertiesUtils.CompareOrUpdateResult;
+import com.android.net.module.util.LinkPropertiesUtils.CompareResult;
+import com.android.net.module.util.LocationPermissionChecker;
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkCapabilitiesUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.PermissionUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.TcUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.InetDiagMessage;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.AutodestructReference;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityFlags;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.DnsManager;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.DnsManager.PrivateDnsValidationUpdate;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.DscpPolicyTracker;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.KeepaliveTracker;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.LingerMonitor;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.MockableSystemProperties;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkAgentInfo;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkDiagnostics;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkNotificationManager;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkNotificationManager.NotificationType;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkOffer;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkRanker;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.PermissionMonitor;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.ProfileNetworkPreferenceList;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.ProxyTracker;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.QosCallbackTracker;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.UidRangeUtils;
+
+import libcore.io.IoUtils;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.io.Writer;
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.ConcurrentModificationException;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.SortedSet;
+import java.util.StringJoiner;
+import java.util.TreeSet;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+/**
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class ConnectivityService extends IConnectivityManager.Stub
+        implements PendingIntent.OnFinished {
+    private static final String TAG = ConnectivityService.class.getSimpleName();
+
+    private static final String DIAG_ARG = "--diag";
+    public static final String SHORT_ARG = "--short";
+    private static final String NETWORK_ARG = "networks";
+    private static final String REQUEST_ARG = "requests";
+    private static final String TRAFFICCONTROLLER_ARG = "trafficcontroller";
+
+    private static final boolean DBG = true;
+    private static final boolean DDBG = Log.isLoggable(TAG, Log.DEBUG);
+    private static final boolean VDBG = Log.isLoggable(TAG, Log.VERBOSE);
+
+    private static final boolean LOGD_BLOCKED_NETWORKINFO = true;
+
+    /**
+     * Default URL to use for {@link #getCaptivePortalServerUrl()}. This should not be changed
+     * by OEMs for configuration purposes, as this value is overridden by
+     * ConnectivitySettingsManager.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_HTTP_URL.
+     * R.string.config_networkCaptivePortalServerUrl should be overridden instead for this purpose
+     * (preferably via runtime resource overlays).
+     */
+    private static final String DEFAULT_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_HTTP_URL =
+            "http://connectivitycheck.gstatic.com/generate_204";
+
+    // TODO: create better separation between radio types and network types
+
+    // how long to wait before switching back to a radio's default network
+    private static final int RESTORE_DEFAULT_NETWORK_DELAY = 1 * 60 * 1000;
+    // system property that can override the above value
+    private static final String NETWORK_RESTORE_DELAY_PROP_NAME =
+            "android.telephony.apn-restore";
+
+    // How long to wait before putting up a "This network doesn't have an Internet connection,
+    // connect anyway?" dialog after the user selects a network that doesn't validate.
+    private static final int PROMPT_UNVALIDATED_DELAY_MS = 8 * 1000;
+
+    // Default to 30s linger time-out, and 5s for nascent network. Modifiable only for testing.
+    private static final String LINGER_DELAY_PROPERTY = "persist.netmon.linger";
+    private static final int DEFAULT_LINGER_DELAY_MS = 30_000;
+    private static final int DEFAULT_NASCENT_DELAY_MS = 5_000;
+
+    // The maximum value for the blocking validation result, in milliseconds.
+    public static final int MAX_VALIDATION_FAILURE_BLOCKING_TIME_MS = 10000;
+
+    // The maximum number of network request allowed per uid before an exception is thrown.
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static final int MAX_NETWORK_REQUESTS_PER_UID = 100;
+
+    // The maximum number of network request allowed for system UIDs before an exception is thrown.
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static final int MAX_NETWORK_REQUESTS_PER_SYSTEM_UID = 250;
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected int mLingerDelayMs;  // Can't be final, or test subclass constructors can't change it.
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected int mNascentDelayMs;
+    // True if the cell radio of the device is capable of time-sharing.
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected boolean mCellularRadioTimesharingCapable = true;
+
+    // How long to delay to removal of a pending intent based request.
+    // See ConnectivitySettingsManager.CONNECTIVITY_RELEASE_PENDING_INTENT_DELAY_MS
+    private final int mReleasePendingIntentDelayMs;
+
+    private MockableSystemProperties mSystemProperties;
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected final PermissionMonitor mPermissionMonitor;
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    final PerUidCounter mNetworkRequestCounter;
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    final PerUidCounter mSystemNetworkRequestCounter;
+
+    private volatile boolean mLockdownEnabled;
+
+    /**
+     * Stale copy of uid blocked reasons provided by NPMS. As long as they are accessed only in
+     * internal handler thread, they don't need a lock.
+     */
+    private SparseIntArray mUidBlockedReasons = new SparseIntArray();
+
+    private final Context mContext;
+    private final ConnectivityResources mResources;
+    // The Context is created for UserHandle.ALL.
+    private final Context mUserAllContext;
+    private final Dependencies mDeps;
+    private final ConnectivityFlags mFlags;
+    // 0 is full bad, 100 is full good
+    private int mDefaultInetConditionPublished = 0;
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected IDnsResolver mDnsResolver;
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected INetd mNetd;
+    private DscpPolicyTracker mDscpPolicyTracker = null;
+    private NetworkStatsManager mStatsManager;
+    private NetworkPolicyManager mPolicyManager;
+    private final NetdCallback mNetdCallback;
+    private final BpfNetMaps mBpfNetMaps;
+
+    /**
+     * TestNetworkService (lazily) created upon first usage. Locked to prevent creation of multiple
+     * instances.
+     */
+    @GuardedBy("mTNSLock")
+    private TestNetworkService mTNS;
+
+    private final Object mTNSLock = new Object();
+
+    private String mCurrentTcpBufferSizes;
+
+    private static final SparseArray<String> sMagicDecoderRing = MessageUtils.findMessageNames(
+            new Class[] { ConnectivityService.class, NetworkAgent.class, NetworkAgentInfo.class });
+
+    private enum ReapUnvalidatedNetworks {
+        // Tear down networks that have no chance (e.g. even if validated) of becoming
+        // the highest scoring network satisfying a NetworkRequest.  This should be passed when
+        // all networks have been rematched against all NetworkRequests.
+        REAP,
+        // Don't reap networks.  This should be passed when some networks have not yet been
+        // rematched against all NetworkRequests.
+        DONT_REAP
+    }
+
+    private enum UnneededFor {
+        LINGER,    // Determine whether this network is unneeded and should be lingered.
+        TEARDOWN,  // Determine whether this network is unneeded and should be torn down.
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * For per-app preferences, requests contain an int to signify which request
+     * should have priority. The order is passed to netd which will use it together
+     * with UID ranges to generate the corresponding IP rule. This serves to
+     * direct device-originated data traffic of the specific UIDs to the correct
+     * default network for each app.
+     * Order ints passed to netd must be in the 0~999 range. Larger values code for
+     * a lower priority, {@see NativeUidRangeConfig}
+     *
+     * Requests that don't code for a per-app preference use PREFERENCE_ORDER_INVALID.
+     * The default request uses PREFERENCE_ORDER_DEFAULT.
+     */
+    // Used when sending to netd to code for "no order".
+    static final int PREFERENCE_ORDER_NONE = 0;
+    // Order for requests that don't code for a per-app preference. As it is
+    // out of the valid range, the corresponding order should be
+    // PREFERENCE_ORDER_NONE when sending to netd.
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static final int PREFERENCE_ORDER_INVALID = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+    // As a security feature, VPNs have the top priority.
+    static final int PREFERENCE_ORDER_VPN = 0; // Netd supports only 0 for VPN.
+    // Order of per-app OEM preference. See {@link #setOemNetworkPreference}.
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static final int PREFERENCE_ORDER_OEM = 10;
+    // Order of per-profile preference, such as used by enterprise networks.
+    // See {@link #setProfileNetworkPreference}.
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static final int PREFERENCE_ORDER_PROFILE = 20;
+    // Order of user setting to prefer mobile data even when networks with
+    // better scores are connected.
+    // See {@link ConnectivitySettingsManager#setMobileDataPreferredUids}
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static final int PREFERENCE_ORDER_MOBILE_DATA_PREFERERRED = 30;
+    // Preference order that signifies the network shouldn't be set as a default network for
+    // the UIDs, only give them access to it. TODO : replace this with a boolean
+    // in NativeUidRangeConfig
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static final int PREFERENCE_ORDER_IRRELEVANT_BECAUSE_NOT_DEFAULT = 999;
+    // Bound for the lowest valid preference order.
+    static final int PREFERENCE_ORDER_LOWEST = 999;
+
+    /**
+     * used internally to clear a wakelock when transitioning
+     * from one net to another.  Clear happens when we get a new
+     * network - EVENT_EXPIRE_NET_TRANSITION_WAKELOCK happens
+     * after a timeout if no network is found (typically 1 min).
+     */
+    private static final int EVENT_CLEAR_NET_TRANSITION_WAKELOCK = 8;
+
+    /**
+     * used internally to reload global proxy settings
+     */
+    private static final int EVENT_APPLY_GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY = 9;
+
+    /**
+     * PAC manager has received new port.
+     */
+    private static final int EVENT_PROXY_HAS_CHANGED = 16;
+
+    /**
+     * used internally when registering NetworkProviders
+     * obj = NetworkProviderInfo
+     */
+    private static final int EVENT_REGISTER_NETWORK_PROVIDER = 17;
+
+    /**
+     * used internally when registering NetworkAgents
+     * obj = Messenger
+     */
+    private static final int EVENT_REGISTER_NETWORK_AGENT = 18;
+
+    /**
+     * used to add a network request
+     * includes a NetworkRequestInfo
+     */
+    private static final int EVENT_REGISTER_NETWORK_REQUEST = 19;
+
+    /**
+     * indicates a timeout period is over - check if we had a network yet or not
+     * and if not, call the timeout callback (but leave the request live until they
+     * cancel it.
+     * includes a NetworkRequestInfo
+     */
+    private static final int EVENT_TIMEOUT_NETWORK_REQUEST = 20;
+
+    /**
+     * used to add a network listener - no request
+     * includes a NetworkRequestInfo
+     */
+    private static final int EVENT_REGISTER_NETWORK_LISTENER = 21;
+
+    /**
+     * used to remove a network request, either a listener or a real request
+     * arg1 = UID of caller
+     * obj  = NetworkRequest
+     */
+    private static final int EVENT_RELEASE_NETWORK_REQUEST = 22;
+
+    /**
+     * used internally when registering NetworkProviders
+     * obj = Messenger
+     */
+    private static final int EVENT_UNREGISTER_NETWORK_PROVIDER = 23;
+
+    /**
+     * used internally to expire a wakelock when transitioning
+     * from one net to another.  Expire happens when we fail to find
+     * a new network (typically after 1 minute) -
+     * EVENT_CLEAR_NET_TRANSITION_WAKELOCK happens if we had found
+     * a replacement network.
+     */
+    private static final int EVENT_EXPIRE_NET_TRANSITION_WAKELOCK = 24;
+
+    /**
+     * used to add a network request with a pending intent
+     * obj = NetworkRequestInfo
+     */
+    private static final int EVENT_REGISTER_NETWORK_REQUEST_WITH_INTENT = 26;
+
+    /**
+     * used to remove a pending intent and its associated network request.
+     * arg1 = UID of caller
+     * obj  = PendingIntent
+     */
+    private static final int EVENT_RELEASE_NETWORK_REQUEST_WITH_INTENT = 27;
+
+    /**
+     * used to specify whether a network should be used even if unvalidated.
+     * arg1 = whether to accept the network if it's unvalidated (1 or 0)
+     * arg2 = whether to remember this choice in the future (1 or 0)
+     * obj  = network
+     */
+    private static final int EVENT_SET_ACCEPT_UNVALIDATED = 28;
+
+    /**
+     * used to ask the user to confirm a connection to an unvalidated network.
+     * obj  = network
+     */
+    private static final int EVENT_PROMPT_UNVALIDATED = 29;
+
+    /**
+     * used internally to (re)configure always-on networks.
+     */
+    private static final int EVENT_CONFIGURE_ALWAYS_ON_NETWORKS = 30;
+
+    /**
+     * used to add a network listener with a pending intent
+     * obj = NetworkRequestInfo
+     */
+    private static final int EVENT_REGISTER_NETWORK_LISTENER_WITH_INTENT = 31;
+
+    /**
+     * used to specify whether a network should not be penalized when it becomes unvalidated.
+     */
+    private static final int EVENT_SET_AVOID_UNVALIDATED = 35;
+
+    /**
+     * used to handle reported network connectivity. May trigger revalidation of a network.
+     */
+    private static final int EVENT_REPORT_NETWORK_CONNECTIVITY = 36;
+
+    // Handle changes in Private DNS settings.
+    private static final int EVENT_PRIVATE_DNS_SETTINGS_CHANGED = 37;
+
+    // Handle private DNS validation status updates.
+    private static final int EVENT_PRIVATE_DNS_VALIDATION_UPDATE = 38;
+
+    /**
+     * used to remove a network request, either a listener or a real request and call unavailable
+     * arg1 = UID of caller
+     * obj  = NetworkRequest
+     */
+    private static final int EVENT_RELEASE_NETWORK_REQUEST_AND_CALL_UNAVAILABLE = 39;
+
+     /**
+      * Event for NetworkMonitor/NetworkAgentInfo to inform ConnectivityService that the network has
+      * been tested.
+      * obj = {@link NetworkTestedResults} representing information sent from NetworkMonitor.
+      * data = PersistableBundle of extras passed from NetworkMonitor. If {@link
+      * NetworkMonitorCallbacks#notifyNetworkTested} is called, this will be null.
+      */
+    private static final int EVENT_NETWORK_TESTED = 41;
+
+    /**
+     * Event for NetworkMonitor/NetworkAgentInfo to inform ConnectivityService that the private DNS
+     * config was resolved.
+     * obj = PrivateDnsConfig
+     * arg2 = netid
+     */
+    private static final int EVENT_PRIVATE_DNS_CONFIG_RESOLVED = 42;
+
+    /**
+     * Request ConnectivityService display provisioning notification.
+     * arg1    = Whether to make the notification visible.
+     * arg2    = NetID.
+     * obj     = Intent to be launched when notification selected by user, null if !arg1.
+     */
+    private static final int EVENT_PROVISIONING_NOTIFICATION = 43;
+
+    /**
+     * Used to specify whether a network should be used even if connectivity is partial.
+     * arg1 = whether to accept the network if its connectivity is partial (1 for true or 0 for
+     * false)
+     * arg2 = whether to remember this choice in the future (1 for true or 0 for false)
+     * obj  = network
+     */
+    private static final int EVENT_SET_ACCEPT_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY = 44;
+
+    /**
+     * Event for NetworkMonitor to inform ConnectivityService that the probe status has changed.
+     * Both of the arguments are bitmasks, and the value of bits come from
+     * INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_*.
+     * arg1 = unused
+     * arg2 = netId
+     * obj = A Pair of integers: the bitmasks of, respectively, completed and successful probes.
+     */
+    public static final int EVENT_PROBE_STATUS_CHANGED = 45;
+
+    /**
+     * Event for NetworkMonitor to inform ConnectivityService that captive portal data has changed.
+     * arg1 = unused
+     * arg2 = netId
+     * obj = captive portal data
+     */
+    private static final int EVENT_CAPPORT_DATA_CHANGED = 46;
+
+    /**
+     * Used by setRequireVpnForUids.
+     * arg1 = whether the specified UID ranges are required to use a VPN.
+     * obj  = Array of UidRange objects.
+     */
+    private static final int EVENT_SET_REQUIRE_VPN_FOR_UIDS = 47;
+
+    /**
+     * Used internally when setting the default networks for OemNetworkPreferences.
+     * obj = Pair<OemNetworkPreferences, listener>
+     */
+    private static final int EVENT_SET_OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE = 48;
+
+    /**
+     * Used to indicate the system default network becomes active.
+     */
+    private static final int EVENT_REPORT_NETWORK_ACTIVITY = 49;
+
+    /**
+     * Used internally when setting a network preference for a user profile.
+     * obj = Pair<ProfileNetworkPreference, Listener>
+     */
+    private static final int EVENT_SET_PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE = 50;
+
+    /**
+     * Event to specify that reasons for why an uid is blocked changed.
+     * arg1 = uid
+     * arg2 = blockedReasons
+     */
+    private static final int EVENT_UID_BLOCKED_REASON_CHANGED = 51;
+
+    /**
+     * Event to register a new network offer
+     * obj = NetworkOffer
+     */
+    private static final int EVENT_REGISTER_NETWORK_OFFER = 52;
+
+    /**
+     * Event to unregister an existing network offer
+     * obj = INetworkOfferCallback
+     */
+    private static final int EVENT_UNREGISTER_NETWORK_OFFER = 53;
+
+    /**
+     * Used internally when MOBILE_DATA_PREFERRED_UIDS setting changed.
+     */
+    private static final int EVENT_MOBILE_DATA_PREFERRED_UIDS_CHANGED = 54;
+
+    /**
+     * Event to set temporary allow bad wifi within a limited time to override
+     * {@code config_networkAvoidBadWifi}.
+     */
+    private static final int EVENT_SET_TEST_ALLOW_BAD_WIFI_UNTIL = 55;
+
+    /**
+     * Used internally when INGRESS_RATE_LIMIT_BYTES_PER_SECOND setting changes.
+     */
+    private static final int EVENT_INGRESS_RATE_LIMIT_CHANGED = 56;
+
+    /**
+     * Argument for {@link #EVENT_PROVISIONING_NOTIFICATION} to indicate that the notification
+     * should be shown.
+     */
+    private static final int PROVISIONING_NOTIFICATION_SHOW = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * Argument for {@link #EVENT_PROVISIONING_NOTIFICATION} to indicate that the notification
+     * should be hidden.
+     */
+    private static final int PROVISIONING_NOTIFICATION_HIDE = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * The maximum alive time to allow bad wifi configuration for testing.
+     */
+    private static final long MAX_TEST_ALLOW_BAD_WIFI_UNTIL_MS = 5 * 60 * 1000L;
+
+    /**
+     * The priority of the tc police rate limiter -- smaller value is higher priority.
+     * This value needs to be coordinated with PRIO_CLAT, PRIO_TETHER4, and PRIO_TETHER6.
+     */
+    private static final short TC_PRIO_POLICE = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * The BPF program attached to the tc-police hook to account for to-be-dropped traffic.
+     */
+    private static final String TC_POLICE_BPF_PROG_PATH =
+            "/sys/fs/bpf/prog_netd_schedact_ingress_account";
+
+    private static String eventName(int what) {
+        return sMagicDecoderRing.get(what, Integer.toString(what));
+    }
+
+    private static IDnsResolver getDnsResolver(Context context) {
+        final DnsResolverServiceManager dsm = context.getSystemService(
+                DnsResolverServiceManager.class);
+        return IDnsResolver.Stub.asInterface(dsm.getService());
+    }
+
+    /** Handler thread used for all of the handlers below. */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected final HandlerThread mHandlerThread;
+    /** Handler used for internal events. */
+    final private InternalHandler mHandler;
+    /** Handler used for incoming {@link NetworkStateTracker} events. */
+    final private NetworkStateTrackerHandler mTrackerHandler;
+    /** Handler used for processing {@link android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager} events */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    final ConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler mConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler;
+
+    private final DnsManager mDnsManager;
+    private final NetworkRanker mNetworkRanker;
+
+    private boolean mSystemReady;
+    private Intent mInitialBroadcast;
+
+    private PowerManager.WakeLock mNetTransitionWakeLock;
+    private final PowerManager.WakeLock mPendingIntentWakeLock;
+
+    // A helper object to track the current default HTTP proxy. ConnectivityService needs to tell
+    // the world when it changes.
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected final ProxyTracker mProxyTracker;
+
+    final private SettingsObserver mSettingsObserver;
+
+    private UserManager mUserManager;
+
+    // the set of network types that can only be enabled by system/sig apps
+    private List<Integer> mProtectedNetworks;
+
+    private Set<String> mWolSupportedInterfaces;
+
+    private final TelephonyManager mTelephonyManager;
+    private final CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator;
+    private final AppOpsManager mAppOpsManager;
+
+    private final LocationPermissionChecker mLocationPermissionChecker;
+
+    private KeepaliveTracker mKeepaliveTracker;
+    private QosCallbackTracker mQosCallbackTracker;
+    private NetworkNotificationManager mNotifier;
+    private LingerMonitor mLingerMonitor;
+
+    // sequence number of NetworkRequests
+    private int mNextNetworkRequestId = NetworkRequest.FIRST_REQUEST_ID;
+
+    // Sequence number for NetworkProvider IDs.
+    private final AtomicInteger mNextNetworkProviderId = new AtomicInteger(
+            NetworkProvider.FIRST_PROVIDER_ID);
+
+    // NetworkRequest activity String log entries.
+    private static final int MAX_NETWORK_REQUEST_LOGS = 20;
+    private final LocalLog mNetworkRequestInfoLogs = new LocalLog(MAX_NETWORK_REQUEST_LOGS);
+
+    // NetworkInfo blocked and unblocked String log entries
+    private static final int MAX_NETWORK_INFO_LOGS = 40;
+    private final LocalLog mNetworkInfoBlockingLogs = new LocalLog(MAX_NETWORK_INFO_LOGS);
+
+    private static final int MAX_WAKELOCK_LOGS = 20;
+    private final LocalLog mWakelockLogs = new LocalLog(MAX_WAKELOCK_LOGS);
+    private int mTotalWakelockAcquisitions = 0;
+    private int mTotalWakelockReleases = 0;
+    private long mTotalWakelockDurationMs = 0;
+    private long mMaxWakelockDurationMs = 0;
+    private long mLastWakeLockAcquireTimestamp = 0;
+
+    private final IpConnectivityLog mMetricsLog;
+
+    @GuardedBy("mBandwidthRequests")
+    private final SparseArray<Integer> mBandwidthRequests = new SparseArray(10);
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    final MultinetworkPolicyTracker mMultinetworkPolicyTracker;
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    final Map<IBinder, ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbackInfo> mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbacks =
+            new HashMap<>();
+
+    // Rate limit applicable to all internet capable networks (-1 = disabled). This value is
+    // configured via {@link
+    // ConnectivitySettingsManager#INGRESS_RATE_LIMIT_BYTES_PER_SECOND}
+    // Only the handler thread is allowed to access this field.
+    private long mIngressRateLimit = -1;
+
+    /**
+     * Implements support for the legacy "one network per network type" model.
+     *
+     * We used to have a static array of NetworkStateTrackers, one for each
+     * network type, but that doesn't work any more now that we can have,
+     * for example, more that one wifi network. This class stores all the
+     * NetworkAgentInfo objects that support a given type, but the legacy
+     * API will only see the first one.
+     *
+     * It serves two main purposes:
+     *
+     * 1. Provide information about "the network for a given type" (since this
+     *    API only supports one).
+     * 2. Send legacy connectivity change broadcasts. Broadcasts are sent if
+     *    the first network for a given type changes, or if the default network
+     *    changes.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static class LegacyTypeTracker {
+
+        private static final boolean DBG = true;
+        private static final boolean VDBG = false;
+
+        /**
+         * Array of lists, one per legacy network type (e.g., TYPE_MOBILE_MMS).
+         * Each list holds references to all NetworkAgentInfos that are used to
+         * satisfy requests for that network type.
+         *
+         * This array is built out at startup such that an unsupported network
+         * doesn't get an ArrayList instance, making this a tristate:
+         * unsupported, supported but not active and active.
+         *
+         * The actual lists are populated when we scan the network types that
+         * are supported on this device.
+         *
+         * Threading model:
+         *  - addSupportedType() is only called in the constructor
+         *  - add(), update(), remove() are only called from the ConnectivityService handler thread.
+         *    They are therefore not thread-safe with respect to each other.
+         *  - getNetworkForType() can be called at any time on binder threads. It is synchronized
+         *    on mTypeLists to be thread-safe with respect to a concurrent remove call.
+         *  - getRestoreTimerForType(type) is also synchronized on mTypeLists.
+         *  - dump is thread-safe with respect to concurrent add and remove calls.
+         */
+        private final ArrayList<NetworkAgentInfo> mTypeLists[];
+        @NonNull
+        private final ConnectivityService mService;
+
+        // Restore timers for requestNetworkForFeature (network type -> timer in ms). Types without
+        // an entry have no timer (equivalent to -1). Lazily loaded.
+        @NonNull
+        private ArrayMap<Integer, Integer> mRestoreTimers = new ArrayMap<>();
+
+        LegacyTypeTracker(@NonNull ConnectivityService service) {
+            mService = service;
+            mTypeLists = new ArrayList[ConnectivityManager.MAX_NETWORK_TYPE + 1];
+        }
+
+        // TODO: Set the mini sdk to 31 and remove @TargetApi annotation when b/205923322 is
+        //  addressed.
+        @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.S)
+        public void loadSupportedTypes(@NonNull Context ctx, @NonNull TelephonyManager tm) {
+            final PackageManager pm = ctx.getPackageManager();
+            if (pm.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI)) {
+                addSupportedType(TYPE_WIFI);
+            }
+            if (pm.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI_DIRECT)) {
+                addSupportedType(TYPE_WIFI_P2P);
+            }
+            if (tm.isDataCapable()) {
+                // Telephony does not have granular support for these types: they are either all
+                // supported, or none is supported
+                addSupportedType(TYPE_MOBILE);
+                addSupportedType(TYPE_MOBILE_MMS);
+                addSupportedType(TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL);
+                addSupportedType(TYPE_MOBILE_DUN);
+                addSupportedType(TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI);
+                addSupportedType(TYPE_MOBILE_FOTA);
+                addSupportedType(TYPE_MOBILE_IMS);
+                addSupportedType(TYPE_MOBILE_CBS);
+                addSupportedType(TYPE_MOBILE_IA);
+                addSupportedType(TYPE_MOBILE_EMERGENCY);
+            }
+            if (pm.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_BLUETOOTH)) {
+                addSupportedType(TYPE_BLUETOOTH);
+            }
+            if (pm.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WATCH)) {
+                // TYPE_PROXY is only used on Wear
+                addSupportedType(TYPE_PROXY);
+            }
+            // Ethernet is often not specified in the configs, although many devices can use it via
+            // USB host adapters. Add it as long as the ethernet service is here.
+            if (deviceSupportsEthernet(ctx)) {
+                addSupportedType(TYPE_ETHERNET);
+            }
+
+            // Always add TYPE_VPN as a supported type
+            addSupportedType(TYPE_VPN);
+        }
+
+        private void addSupportedType(int type) {
+            if (mTypeLists[type] != null) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                        "legacy list for type " + type + "already initialized");
+            }
+            mTypeLists[type] = new ArrayList<>();
+        }
+
+        public boolean isTypeSupported(int type) {
+            return isNetworkTypeValid(type) && mTypeLists[type] != null;
+        }
+
+        public NetworkAgentInfo getNetworkForType(int type) {
+            synchronized (mTypeLists) {
+                if (isTypeSupported(type) && !mTypeLists[type].isEmpty()) {
+                    return mTypeLists[type].get(0);
+                }
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public int getRestoreTimerForType(int type) {
+            synchronized (mTypeLists) {
+                if (mRestoreTimers == null) {
+                    mRestoreTimers = loadRestoreTimers();
+                }
+                return mRestoreTimers.getOrDefault(type, -1);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private ArrayMap<Integer, Integer> loadRestoreTimers() {
+            final String[] configs = mService.mResources.get().getStringArray(
+                    R.array.config_legacy_networktype_restore_timers);
+            final ArrayMap<Integer, Integer> ret = new ArrayMap<>(configs.length);
+            for (final String config : configs) {
+                final String[] splits = TextUtils.split(config, ",");
+                if (splits.length != 2) {
+                    logwtf("Invalid restore timer token count: " + config);
+                    continue;
+                }
+                try {
+                    ret.put(Integer.parseInt(splits[0]), Integer.parseInt(splits[1]));
+                } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+                    logwtf("Invalid restore timer number format: " + config, e);
+                }
+            }
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        private void maybeLogBroadcast(NetworkAgentInfo nai, DetailedState state, int type,
+                boolean isDefaultNetwork) {
+            if (DBG) {
+                log("Sending " + state
+                        + " broadcast for type " + type + " " + nai.toShortString()
+                        + " isDefaultNetwork=" + isDefaultNetwork);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // When a lockdown VPN connects, send another CONNECTED broadcast for the underlying
+        // network type, to preserve previous behaviour.
+        private void maybeSendLegacyLockdownBroadcast(@NonNull NetworkAgentInfo vpnNai) {
+            if (vpnNai != mService.getLegacyLockdownNai()) return;
+
+            if (vpnNai.declaredUnderlyingNetworks == null
+                    || vpnNai.declaredUnderlyingNetworks.length != 1) {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "Legacy lockdown VPN must have exactly one underlying network: "
+                        + Arrays.toString(vpnNai.declaredUnderlyingNetworks));
+                return;
+            }
+            final NetworkAgentInfo underlyingNai = mService.getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(
+                    vpnNai.declaredUnderlyingNetworks[0]);
+            if (underlyingNai == null) return;
+
+            final int type = underlyingNai.networkInfo.getType();
+            final DetailedState state = DetailedState.CONNECTED;
+            maybeLogBroadcast(underlyingNai, state, type, true /* isDefaultNetwork */);
+            mService.sendLegacyNetworkBroadcast(underlyingNai, state, type);
+        }
+
+        /** Adds the given network to the specified legacy type list. */
+        public void add(int type, NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+            if (!isTypeSupported(type)) {
+                return;  // Invalid network type.
+            }
+            if (VDBG) log("Adding agent " + nai + " for legacy network type " + type);
+
+            ArrayList<NetworkAgentInfo> list = mTypeLists[type];
+            if (list.contains(nai)) {
+                return;
+            }
+            synchronized (mTypeLists) {
+                list.add(nai);
+            }
+
+            // Send a broadcast if this is the first network of its type or if it's the default.
+            final boolean isDefaultNetwork = mService.isDefaultNetwork(nai);
+
+            // If a legacy lockdown VPN is active, override the NetworkInfo state in all broadcasts
+            // to preserve previous behaviour.
+            final DetailedState state = mService.getLegacyLockdownState(DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+            if ((list.size() == 1) || isDefaultNetwork) {
+                maybeLogBroadcast(nai, state, type, isDefaultNetwork);
+                mService.sendLegacyNetworkBroadcast(nai, state, type);
+            }
+
+            if (type == TYPE_VPN && state == DetailedState.CONNECTED) {
+                maybeSendLegacyLockdownBroadcast(nai);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /** Removes the given network from the specified legacy type list. */
+        public void remove(int type, NetworkAgentInfo nai, boolean wasDefault) {
+            ArrayList<NetworkAgentInfo> list = mTypeLists[type];
+            if (list == null || list.isEmpty()) {
+                return;
+            }
+            final boolean wasFirstNetwork = list.get(0).equals(nai);
+
+            synchronized (mTypeLists) {
+                if (!list.remove(nai)) {
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (wasFirstNetwork || wasDefault) {
+                maybeLogBroadcast(nai, DetailedState.DISCONNECTED, type, wasDefault);
+                mService.sendLegacyNetworkBroadcast(nai, DetailedState.DISCONNECTED, type);
+            }
+
+            if (!list.isEmpty() && wasFirstNetwork) {
+                if (DBG) log("Other network available for type " + type +
+                              ", sending connected broadcast");
+                final NetworkAgentInfo replacement = list.get(0);
+                maybeLogBroadcast(replacement, DetailedState.CONNECTED, type,
+                        mService.isDefaultNetwork(replacement));
+                mService.sendLegacyNetworkBroadcast(replacement, DetailedState.CONNECTED, type);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /** Removes the given network from all legacy type lists. */
+        public void remove(NetworkAgentInfo nai, boolean wasDefault) {
+            if (VDBG) log("Removing agent " + nai + " wasDefault=" + wasDefault);
+            for (int type = 0; type < mTypeLists.length; type++) {
+                remove(type, nai, wasDefault);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // send out another legacy broadcast - currently only used for suspend/unsuspend
+        // toggle
+        public void update(NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+            final boolean isDefault = mService.isDefaultNetwork(nai);
+            final DetailedState state = nai.networkInfo.getDetailedState();
+            for (int type = 0; type < mTypeLists.length; type++) {
+                final ArrayList<NetworkAgentInfo> list = mTypeLists[type];
+                final boolean contains = (list != null && list.contains(nai));
+                final boolean isFirst = contains && (nai == list.get(0));
+                if (isFirst || contains && isDefault) {
+                    maybeLogBroadcast(nai, state, type, isDefault);
+                    mService.sendLegacyNetworkBroadcast(nai, state, type);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void dump(IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
+            pw.println("mLegacyTypeTracker:");
+            pw.increaseIndent();
+            pw.print("Supported types:");
+            for (int type = 0; type < mTypeLists.length; type++) {
+                if (mTypeLists[type] != null) pw.print(" " + type);
+            }
+            pw.println();
+            pw.println("Current state:");
+            pw.increaseIndent();
+            synchronized (mTypeLists) {
+                for (int type = 0; type < mTypeLists.length; type++) {
+                    if (mTypeLists[type] == null || mTypeLists[type].isEmpty()) continue;
+                    for (NetworkAgentInfo nai : mTypeLists[type]) {
+                        pw.println(type + " " + nai.toShortString());
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            pw.decreaseIndent();
+            pw.decreaseIndent();
+            pw.println();
+        }
+    }
+    private final LegacyTypeTracker mLegacyTypeTracker = new LegacyTypeTracker(this);
+
+    final LocalPriorityDump mPriorityDumper = new LocalPriorityDump();
+    /**
+     * Helper class which parses out priority arguments and dumps sections according to their
+     * priority. If priority arguments are omitted, function calls the legacy dump command.
+     */
+    private class LocalPriorityDump {
+        private static final String PRIORITY_ARG = "--dump-priority";
+        private static final String PRIORITY_ARG_HIGH = "HIGH";
+        private static final String PRIORITY_ARG_NORMAL = "NORMAL";
+
+        LocalPriorityDump() {}
+
+        private void dumpHigh(FileDescriptor fd, PrintWriter pw) {
+            doDump(fd, pw, new String[] {DIAG_ARG});
+            doDump(fd, pw, new String[] {SHORT_ARG});
+        }
+
+        private void dumpNormal(FileDescriptor fd, PrintWriter pw, String[] args) {
+            doDump(fd, pw, args);
+        }
+
+        public void dump(FileDescriptor fd, PrintWriter pw, String[] args) {
+            if (args == null) {
+                dumpNormal(fd, pw, args);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            String priority = null;
+            for (int argIndex = 0; argIndex < args.length; argIndex++) {
+                if (args[argIndex].equals(PRIORITY_ARG) && argIndex + 1 < args.length) {
+                    argIndex++;
+                    priority = args[argIndex];
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (PRIORITY_ARG_HIGH.equals(priority)) {
+                dumpHigh(fd, pw);
+            } else if (PRIORITY_ARG_NORMAL.equals(priority)) {
+                dumpNormal(fd, pw, args);
+            } else {
+                // ConnectivityService publishes binder service using publishBinderService() with
+                // no priority assigned will be treated as NORMAL priority. Dumpsys does not send
+                // "--dump-priority" arguments to the service. Thus, dump NORMAL only to align the
+                // legacy output for dumpsys connectivity.
+                // TODO: Integrate into signal dump.
+                dumpNormal(fd, pw, args);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Keeps track of the number of requests made under different uids.
+     */
+    public static class PerUidCounter {
+        private final int mMaxCountPerUid;
+
+        // Map from UID to number of NetworkRequests that UID has filed.
+        @VisibleForTesting
+        @GuardedBy("mUidToNetworkRequestCount")
+        final SparseIntArray mUidToNetworkRequestCount = new SparseIntArray();
+
+        /**
+         * Constructor
+         *
+         * @param maxCountPerUid the maximum count per uid allowed
+         */
+        public PerUidCounter(final int maxCountPerUid) {
+            mMaxCountPerUid = maxCountPerUid;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Increments the request count of the given uid.  Throws an exception if the number
+         * of open requests for the uid exceeds the value of maxCounterPerUid which is the value
+         * passed into the constructor. see: {@link #PerUidCounter(int)}.
+         *
+         * @throws ServiceSpecificException with
+         * {@link ConnectivityManager.Errors.TOO_MANY_REQUESTS} if the number of requests for
+         * the uid exceed the allowed number.
+         *
+         * @param uid the uid that the request was made under
+         */
+        public void incrementCountOrThrow(final int uid) {
+            synchronized (mUidToNetworkRequestCount) {
+                incrementCountOrThrow(uid, 1 /* numToIncrement */);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void incrementCountOrThrow(final int uid, final int numToIncrement) {
+            final int newRequestCount =
+                    mUidToNetworkRequestCount.get(uid, 0) + numToIncrement;
+            if (newRequestCount >= mMaxCountPerUid
+                    // HACK : the system server is allowed to go over the request count limit
+                    // when it is creating requests on behalf of another app (but not itself,
+                    // so it can still detect its own request leaks). This only happens in the
+                    // per-app API flows in which case the old requests for that particular
+                    // UID will be removed soon.
+                    // TODO : instead of this hack, addPerAppDefaultNetworkRequests and other
+                    // users of transact() should unregister the requests to decrease the count
+                    // before they increase it again by creating a new NRI. Then remove the
+                    // transact() method.
+                    && (Process.myUid() == uid || Process.myUid() != Binder.getCallingUid())) {
+                throw new ServiceSpecificException(
+                        ConnectivityManager.Errors.TOO_MANY_REQUESTS,
+                        "Uid " + uid + " exceeded its allotted requests limit");
+            }
+            mUidToNetworkRequestCount.put(uid, newRequestCount);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Decrements the request count of the given uid.
+         *
+         * @param uid the uid that the request was made under
+         */
+        public void decrementCount(final int uid) {
+            synchronized (mUidToNetworkRequestCount) {
+                decrementCount(uid, 1 /* numToDecrement */);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void decrementCount(final int uid, final int numToDecrement) {
+            final int newRequestCount =
+                    mUidToNetworkRequestCount.get(uid, 0) - numToDecrement;
+            if (newRequestCount < 0) {
+                logwtf("BUG: too small request count " + newRequestCount + " for UID " + uid);
+            } else if (newRequestCount == 0) {
+                mUidToNetworkRequestCount.delete(uid);
+            } else {
+                mUidToNetworkRequestCount.put(uid, newRequestCount);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Dependencies of ConnectivityService, for injection in tests.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static class Dependencies {
+        public int getCallingUid() {
+            return Binder.getCallingUid();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Get system properties to use in ConnectivityService.
+         */
+        public MockableSystemProperties getSystemProperties() {
+            return new MockableSystemProperties();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Get the {@link ConnectivityResources} to use in ConnectivityService.
+         */
+        public ConnectivityResources getResources(@NonNull Context ctx) {
+            return new ConnectivityResources(ctx);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Create a HandlerThread to use in ConnectivityService.
+         */
+        public HandlerThread makeHandlerThread() {
+            return new HandlerThread("ConnectivityServiceThread");
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Get a reference to the ModuleNetworkStackClient.
+         */
+        public NetworkStackClientBase getNetworkStack() {
+            return ModuleNetworkStackClient.getInstance(null);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @see ProxyTracker
+         */
+        public ProxyTracker makeProxyTracker(@NonNull Context context,
+                @NonNull Handler connServiceHandler) {
+            return new ProxyTracker(context, connServiceHandler, EVENT_PROXY_HAS_CHANGED);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @see NetIdManager
+         */
+        public NetIdManager makeNetIdManager() {
+            return new NetIdManager();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @see NetworkUtils#queryUserAccess(int, int)
+         */
+        public boolean queryUserAccess(int uid, Network network, ConnectivityService cs) {
+            return cs.queryUserAccess(uid, network);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Gets the UID that owns a socket connection. Needed because opening SOCK_DIAG sockets
+         * requires CAP_NET_ADMIN, which the unit tests do not have.
+         */
+        public int getConnectionOwnerUid(int protocol, InetSocketAddress local,
+                InetSocketAddress remote) {
+            return InetDiagMessage.getConnectionOwnerUid(protocol, local, remote);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @see MultinetworkPolicyTracker
+         */
+        public MultinetworkPolicyTracker makeMultinetworkPolicyTracker(
+                @NonNull Context c, @NonNull Handler h, @NonNull Runnable r) {
+            return new MultinetworkPolicyTracker(c, h, r);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @see BatteryStatsManager
+         */
+        public void reportNetworkInterfaceForTransports(Context context, String iface,
+                int[] transportTypes) {
+            final BatteryStatsManager batteryStats =
+                    context.getSystemService(BatteryStatsManager.class);
+            batteryStats.reportNetworkInterfaceForTransports(iface, transportTypes);
+        }
+
+        public boolean getCellular464XlatEnabled() {
+            return NetworkProperties.isCellular464XlatEnabled().orElse(true);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @see PendingIntent#intentFilterEquals
+         */
+        public boolean intentFilterEquals(PendingIntent a, PendingIntent b) {
+            return a.intentFilterEquals(b);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @see LocationPermissionChecker
+         */
+        public LocationPermissionChecker makeLocationPermissionChecker(Context context) {
+            return new LocationPermissionChecker(context);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @see CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator
+         */
+        public CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator makeCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator(
+                @NonNull final Context context, @NonNull final TelephonyManager tm) {
+            if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
+                return new CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator(context, tm);
+            } else {
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @see DeviceConfigUtils#isFeatureEnabled
+         */
+        public boolean isFeatureEnabled(Context context, String name, boolean defaultEnabled) {
+            return DeviceConfigUtils.isFeatureEnabled(context, NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY, name,
+                    TETHERING_MODULE_NAME, defaultEnabled);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Get the BpfNetMaps implementation to use in ConnectivityService.
+         * @param netd
+         * @return BpfNetMaps implementation.
+         */
+        public BpfNetMaps getBpfNetMaps(INetd netd) {
+            return new BpfNetMaps(netd);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Wraps {@link TcUtils#tcFilterAddDevIngressPolice}
+         */
+        public void enableIngressRateLimit(String iface, long rateInBytesPerSecond) {
+            final InterfaceParams params = InterfaceParams.getByName(iface);
+            if (params == null) {
+                // the interface might have disappeared.
+                logw("Failed to get interface params for interface " + iface);
+                return;
+            }
+            try {
+                // converting rateInBytesPerSecond from long to int is safe here because the
+                // setting's range is limited to INT_MAX.
+                // TODO: add long/uint64 support to tcFilterAddDevIngressPolice.
+                Log.i(TAG,
+                        "enableIngressRateLimit on " + iface + ": " + rateInBytesPerSecond + "B/s");
+                TcUtils.tcFilterAddDevIngressPolice(params.index, TC_PRIO_POLICE, (short) ETH_P_ALL,
+                        (int) rateInBytesPerSecond, TC_POLICE_BPF_PROG_PATH);
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                loge("TcUtils.tcFilterAddDevIngressPolice(ifaceIndex=" + params.index
+                        + ", PRIO_POLICE, ETH_P_ALL, rateInBytesPerSecond="
+                        + rateInBytesPerSecond + ", bpfProgPath=" + TC_POLICE_BPF_PROG_PATH
+                        + ") failure: ", e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Wraps {@link TcUtils#tcFilterDelDev}
+         */
+        public void disableIngressRateLimit(String iface) {
+            final InterfaceParams params = InterfaceParams.getByName(iface);
+            if (params == null) {
+                // the interface might have disappeared.
+                logw("Failed to get interface params for interface " + iface);
+                return;
+            }
+            try {
+                Log.i(TAG,
+                        "disableIngressRateLimit on " + iface);
+                TcUtils.tcFilterDelDev(params.index, true, TC_PRIO_POLICE, (short) ETH_P_ALL);
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                loge("TcUtils.tcFilterDelDev(ifaceIndex=" + params.index
+                        + ", ingress=true, PRIO_POLICE, ETH_P_ALL) failure: ", e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public ConnectivityService(Context context) {
+        this(context, getDnsResolver(context), new IpConnectivityLog(),
+                INetd.Stub.asInterface((IBinder) context.getSystemService(Context.NETD_SERVICE)),
+                new Dependencies());
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected ConnectivityService(Context context, IDnsResolver dnsresolver,
+            IpConnectivityLog logger, INetd netd, Dependencies deps) {
+        if (DBG) log("ConnectivityService starting up");
+
+        mDeps = Objects.requireNonNull(deps, "missing Dependencies");
+        mFlags = new ConnectivityFlags();
+        mSystemProperties = mDeps.getSystemProperties();
+        mNetIdManager = mDeps.makeNetIdManager();
+        mContext = Objects.requireNonNull(context, "missing Context");
+        mResources = deps.getResources(mContext);
+        mNetworkRequestCounter = new PerUidCounter(MAX_NETWORK_REQUESTS_PER_UID);
+        mSystemNetworkRequestCounter = new PerUidCounter(MAX_NETWORK_REQUESTS_PER_SYSTEM_UID);
+
+        mMetricsLog = logger;
+        mNetworkRanker = new NetworkRanker();
+        final NetworkRequest defaultInternetRequest = createDefaultRequest();
+        mDefaultRequest = new NetworkRequestInfo(
+                Process.myUid(), defaultInternetRequest, null,
+                null /* binder */, NetworkCallback.FLAG_INCLUDE_LOCATION_INFO,
+                null /* attributionTags */);
+        mNetworkRequests.put(defaultInternetRequest, mDefaultRequest);
+        mDefaultNetworkRequests.add(mDefaultRequest);
+        mNetworkRequestInfoLogs.log("REGISTER " + mDefaultRequest);
+
+        mDefaultMobileDataRequest = createDefaultInternetRequestForTransport(
+                NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, NetworkRequest.Type.BACKGROUND_REQUEST);
+
+        // The default WiFi request is a background request so that apps using WiFi are
+        // migrated to a better network (typically ethernet) when one comes up, instead
+        // of staying on WiFi forever.
+        mDefaultWifiRequest = createDefaultInternetRequestForTransport(
+                NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI, NetworkRequest.Type.BACKGROUND_REQUEST);
+
+        mDefaultVehicleRequest = createAlwaysOnRequestForCapability(
+                NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_VEHICLE_INTERNAL,
+                NetworkRequest.Type.BACKGROUND_REQUEST);
+
+        mLingerDelayMs = mSystemProperties.getInt(LINGER_DELAY_PROPERTY, DEFAULT_LINGER_DELAY_MS);
+        // TODO: Consider making the timer customizable.
+        mNascentDelayMs = DEFAULT_NASCENT_DELAY_MS;
+        mCellularRadioTimesharingCapable =
+                mResources.get().getBoolean(R.bool.config_cellular_radio_timesharing_capable);
+
+        mHandlerThread = mDeps.makeHandlerThread();
+        mHandlerThread.start();
+        mHandler = new InternalHandler(mHandlerThread.getLooper());
+        mTrackerHandler = new NetworkStateTrackerHandler(mHandlerThread.getLooper());
+        mConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler =
+                new ConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler(mHandlerThread.getLooper());
+
+        mReleasePendingIntentDelayMs = Settings.Secure.getInt(context.getContentResolver(),
+                ConnectivitySettingsManager.CONNECTIVITY_RELEASE_PENDING_INTENT_DELAY_MS, 5_000);
+
+        mStatsManager = mContext.getSystemService(NetworkStatsManager.class);
+        mPolicyManager = mContext.getSystemService(NetworkPolicyManager.class);
+        mDnsResolver = Objects.requireNonNull(dnsresolver, "missing IDnsResolver");
+        mProxyTracker = mDeps.makeProxyTracker(mContext, mHandler);
+
+        mNetd = netd;
+        mBpfNetMaps = mDeps.getBpfNetMaps(netd);
+        mTelephonyManager = (TelephonyManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
+        mAppOpsManager = (AppOpsManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.APP_OPS_SERVICE);
+        mLocationPermissionChecker = mDeps.makeLocationPermissionChecker(mContext);
+        mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator =
+                mDeps.makeCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator(mContext, mTelephonyManager);
+
+        // To ensure uid state is synchronized with Network Policy, register for
+        // NetworkPolicyManagerService events must happen prior to NetworkPolicyManagerService
+        // reading existing policy from disk.
+        mPolicyManager.registerNetworkPolicyCallback(null, mPolicyCallback);
+
+        final PowerManager powerManager = (PowerManager) context.getSystemService(
+                Context.POWER_SERVICE);
+        mNetTransitionWakeLock = powerManager.newWakeLock(PowerManager.PARTIAL_WAKE_LOCK, TAG);
+        mPendingIntentWakeLock = powerManager.newWakeLock(PowerManager.PARTIAL_WAKE_LOCK, TAG);
+
+        mLegacyTypeTracker.loadSupportedTypes(mContext, mTelephonyManager);
+        mProtectedNetworks = new ArrayList<>();
+        int[] protectedNetworks = mResources.get().getIntArray(R.array.config_protectedNetworks);
+        for (int p : protectedNetworks) {
+            if (mLegacyTypeTracker.isTypeSupported(p) && !mProtectedNetworks.contains(p)) {
+                mProtectedNetworks.add(p);
+            } else {
+                if (DBG) loge("Ignoring protectedNetwork " + p);
+            }
+        }
+
+        mUserManager = (UserManager) context.getSystemService(Context.USER_SERVICE);
+
+        mPermissionMonitor = new PermissionMonitor(mContext, mNetd, mBpfNetMaps);
+
+        mUserAllContext = mContext.createContextAsUser(UserHandle.ALL, 0 /* flags */);
+        // Listen for user add/removes to inform PermissionMonitor.
+        // Should run on mHandler to avoid any races.
+        final IntentFilter userIntentFilter = new IntentFilter();
+        userIntentFilter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_USER_ADDED);
+        userIntentFilter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_USER_REMOVED);
+        mUserAllContext.registerReceiver(mUserIntentReceiver, userIntentFilter,
+                null /* broadcastPermission */, mHandler);
+
+        // Listen to package add/removes for netd
+        final IntentFilter packageIntentFilter = new IntentFilter();
+        packageIntentFilter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED);
+        packageIntentFilter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_REMOVED);
+        packageIntentFilter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_REPLACED);
+        packageIntentFilter.addDataScheme("package");
+        mUserAllContext.registerReceiver(mPackageIntentReceiver, packageIntentFilter,
+                null /* broadcastPermission */, mHandler);
+
+        mNetworkActivityTracker = new LegacyNetworkActivityTracker(mContext, mHandler, mNetd);
+
+        mNetdCallback = new NetdCallback();
+        try {
+            mNetd.registerUnsolicitedEventListener(mNetdCallback);
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            loge("Error registering event listener :" + e);
+        }
+
+        mSettingsObserver = new SettingsObserver(mContext, mHandler);
+        registerSettingsCallbacks();
+
+        mKeepaliveTracker = new KeepaliveTracker(mContext, mHandler);
+        mNotifier = new NetworkNotificationManager(mContext, mTelephonyManager);
+        mQosCallbackTracker = new QosCallbackTracker(mHandler, mNetworkRequestCounter);
+
+        final int dailyLimit = Settings.Global.getInt(mContext.getContentResolver(),
+                ConnectivitySettingsManager.NETWORK_SWITCH_NOTIFICATION_DAILY_LIMIT,
+                LingerMonitor.DEFAULT_NOTIFICATION_DAILY_LIMIT);
+        final long rateLimit = Settings.Global.getLong(mContext.getContentResolver(),
+                ConnectivitySettingsManager.NETWORK_SWITCH_NOTIFICATION_RATE_LIMIT_MILLIS,
+                LingerMonitor.DEFAULT_NOTIFICATION_RATE_LIMIT_MILLIS);
+        mLingerMonitor = new LingerMonitor(mContext, mNotifier, dailyLimit, rateLimit);
+
+        mMultinetworkPolicyTracker = mDeps.makeMultinetworkPolicyTracker(
+                mContext, mHandler, () -> updateAvoidBadWifi());
+        mMultinetworkPolicyTracker.start();
+
+        mDnsManager = new DnsManager(mContext, mDnsResolver);
+        registerPrivateDnsSettingsCallbacks();
+
+        // This NAI is a sentinel used to offer no service to apps that are on a multi-layer
+        // request that doesn't allow fallback to the default network. It should never be visible
+        // to apps. As such, it's not in the list of NAIs and doesn't need many of the normal
+        // arguments like the handler or the DnsResolver.
+        // TODO : remove this ; it is probably better handled with a sentinel request.
+        mNoServiceNetwork = new NetworkAgentInfo(null,
+                new Network(INetd.UNREACHABLE_NET_ID),
+                new NetworkInfo(TYPE_NONE, 0, "", ""),
+                new LinkProperties(), new NetworkCapabilities(),
+                new NetworkScore.Builder().setLegacyInt(0).build(), mContext, null,
+                new NetworkAgentConfig(), this, null, null, 0, INVALID_UID,
+                mLingerDelayMs, mQosCallbackTracker, mDeps);
+
+        try {
+            // DscpPolicyTracker cannot run on S because on S the tethering module can only load
+            // BPF programs/maps into /sys/fs/tethering/bpf, which the system server cannot access.
+            // Even if it could, running on S would at least require mocking out the BPF map,
+            // otherwise the unit tests will fail on pre-T devices where the seccomp filter blocks
+            // the bpf syscall. http://aosp/1907693
+            if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
+                mDscpPolicyTracker = new DscpPolicyTracker();
+            }
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            loge("Unable to create DscpPolicyTracker");
+        }
+
+        mIngressRateLimit = ConnectivitySettingsManager.getIngressRateLimitInBytesPerSecond(
+                mContext);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check whether or not the device supports Ethernet transport.
+     */
+    public static boolean deviceSupportsEthernet(final Context context) {
+        final PackageManager pm = context.getPackageManager();
+        return pm.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_ETHERNET)
+                || pm.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_USB_HOST);
+    }
+
+    private static NetworkCapabilities createDefaultNetworkCapabilitiesForUid(int uid) {
+        return createDefaultNetworkCapabilitiesForUidRangeSet(Collections.singleton(
+                new UidRange(uid, uid)));
+    }
+
+    private static NetworkCapabilities createDefaultNetworkCapabilitiesForUidRangeSet(
+            @NonNull final Set<UidRange> uidRangeSet) {
+        final NetworkCapabilities netCap = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        netCap.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
+        netCap.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED);
+        netCap.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN);
+        netCap.setUids(UidRange.toIntRanges(uidRangeSet));
+        return netCap;
+    }
+
+    private NetworkRequest createDefaultRequest() {
+        return createDefaultInternetRequestForTransport(
+                TYPE_NONE, NetworkRequest.Type.REQUEST);
+    }
+
+    private NetworkRequest createDefaultInternetRequestForTransport(
+            int transportType, NetworkRequest.Type type) {
+        final NetworkCapabilities netCap = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        netCap.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
+        netCap.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED);
+        netCap.setRequestorUidAndPackageName(Process.myUid(), mContext.getPackageName());
+        if (transportType > TYPE_NONE) {
+            netCap.addTransportType(transportType);
+        }
+        return createNetworkRequest(type, netCap);
+    }
+
+    private NetworkRequest createNetworkRequest(
+            NetworkRequest.Type type, NetworkCapabilities netCap) {
+        return new NetworkRequest(netCap, TYPE_NONE, nextNetworkRequestId(), type);
+    }
+
+    private NetworkRequest createAlwaysOnRequestForCapability(int capability,
+            NetworkRequest.Type type) {
+        final NetworkCapabilities netCap = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        netCap.clearAll();
+        netCap.addCapability(capability);
+        netCap.setRequestorUidAndPackageName(Process.myUid(), mContext.getPackageName());
+        return new NetworkRequest(netCap, TYPE_NONE, nextNetworkRequestId(), type);
+    }
+
+    // Used only for testing.
+    // TODO: Delete this and either:
+    // 1. Give FakeSettingsProvider the ability to send settings change notifications (requires
+    //    changing ContentResolver to make registerContentObserver non-final).
+    // 2. Give FakeSettingsProvider an alternative notification mechanism and have the test use it
+    //    by subclassing SettingsObserver.
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    void updateAlwaysOnNetworks() {
+        mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(EVENT_CONFIGURE_ALWAYS_ON_NETWORKS);
+    }
+
+    // See FakeSettingsProvider comment above.
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    void updatePrivateDnsSettings() {
+        mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(EVENT_PRIVATE_DNS_SETTINGS_CHANGED);
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    void updateMobileDataPreferredUids() {
+        mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(EVENT_MOBILE_DATA_PREFERRED_UIDS_CHANGED);
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    void updateIngressRateLimit() {
+        mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(EVENT_INGRESS_RATE_LIMIT_CHANGED);
+    }
+
+    private void handleAlwaysOnNetworkRequest(NetworkRequest networkRequest, int id) {
+        final boolean enable = mContext.getResources().getBoolean(id);
+        handleAlwaysOnNetworkRequest(networkRequest, enable);
+    }
+
+    private void handleAlwaysOnNetworkRequest(
+            NetworkRequest networkRequest, String settingName, boolean defaultValue) {
+        final boolean enable = toBool(Settings.Global.getInt(
+                mContext.getContentResolver(), settingName, encodeBool(defaultValue)));
+        handleAlwaysOnNetworkRequest(networkRequest, enable);
+    }
+
+    private void handleAlwaysOnNetworkRequest(NetworkRequest networkRequest, boolean enable) {
+        final boolean isEnabled = (mNetworkRequests.get(networkRequest) != null);
+        if (enable == isEnabled) {
+            return;  // Nothing to do.
+        }
+
+        if (enable) {
+            handleRegisterNetworkRequest(new NetworkRequestInfo(
+                    Process.myUid(), networkRequest, null /* messenger */, null /* binder */,
+                    NetworkCallback.FLAG_INCLUDE_LOCATION_INFO,
+                    null /* attributionTags */));
+        } else {
+            handleReleaseNetworkRequest(networkRequest, Process.SYSTEM_UID,
+                    /* callOnUnavailable */ false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void handleConfigureAlwaysOnNetworks() {
+        handleAlwaysOnNetworkRequest(mDefaultMobileDataRequest,
+                ConnectivitySettingsManager.MOBILE_DATA_ALWAYS_ON, true /* defaultValue */);
+        handleAlwaysOnNetworkRequest(mDefaultWifiRequest,
+                ConnectivitySettingsManager.WIFI_ALWAYS_REQUESTED, false /* defaultValue */);
+        final boolean vehicleAlwaysRequested = mResources.get().getBoolean(
+                R.bool.config_vehicleInternalNetworkAlwaysRequested);
+        handleAlwaysOnNetworkRequest(mDefaultVehicleRequest, vehicleAlwaysRequested);
+    }
+
+    // Note that registering observer for setting do not get initial callback when registering,
+    // callers must fetch the initial value of the setting themselves if needed.
+    private void registerSettingsCallbacks() {
+        // Watch for global HTTP proxy changes.
+        mSettingsObserver.observe(
+                Settings.Global.getUriFor(Settings.Global.HTTP_PROXY),
+                EVENT_APPLY_GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY);
+
+        // Watch for whether or not to keep mobile data always on.
+        mSettingsObserver.observe(
+                Settings.Global.getUriFor(ConnectivitySettingsManager.MOBILE_DATA_ALWAYS_ON),
+                EVENT_CONFIGURE_ALWAYS_ON_NETWORKS);
+
+        // Watch for whether or not to keep wifi always on.
+        mSettingsObserver.observe(
+                Settings.Global.getUriFor(ConnectivitySettingsManager.WIFI_ALWAYS_REQUESTED),
+                EVENT_CONFIGURE_ALWAYS_ON_NETWORKS);
+
+        // Watch for mobile data preferred uids changes.
+        mSettingsObserver.observe(
+                Settings.Secure.getUriFor(ConnectivitySettingsManager.MOBILE_DATA_PREFERRED_UIDS),
+                EVENT_MOBILE_DATA_PREFERRED_UIDS_CHANGED);
+
+        // Watch for ingress rate limit changes.
+        mSettingsObserver.observe(
+                Settings.Global.getUriFor(
+                        ConnectivitySettingsManager.INGRESS_RATE_LIMIT_BYTES_PER_SECOND),
+                EVENT_INGRESS_RATE_LIMIT_CHANGED);
+    }
+
+    private void registerPrivateDnsSettingsCallbacks() {
+        for (Uri uri : DnsManager.getPrivateDnsSettingsUris()) {
+            mSettingsObserver.observe(uri, EVENT_PRIVATE_DNS_SETTINGS_CHANGED);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private synchronized int nextNetworkRequestId() {
+        // TODO: Consider handle wrapping and exclude {@link NetworkRequest#REQUEST_ID_NONE} if
+        //  doing that.
+        return mNextNetworkRequestId++;
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected NetworkAgentInfo getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(Network network) {
+        if (network == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return getNetworkAgentInfoForNetId(network.getNetId());
+    }
+
+    private NetworkAgentInfo getNetworkAgentInfoForNetId(int netId) {
+        synchronized (mNetworkForNetId) {
+            return mNetworkForNetId.get(netId);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // TODO: determine what to do when more than one VPN applies to |uid|.
+    private NetworkAgentInfo getVpnForUid(int uid) {
+        synchronized (mNetworkForNetId) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < mNetworkForNetId.size(); i++) {
+                final NetworkAgentInfo nai = mNetworkForNetId.valueAt(i);
+                if (nai.isVPN() && nai.everConnected && nai.networkCapabilities.appliesToUid(uid)) {
+                    return nai;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private Network[] getVpnUnderlyingNetworks(int uid) {
+        if (mLockdownEnabled) return null;
+        final NetworkAgentInfo nai = getVpnForUid(uid);
+        if (nai != null) return nai.declaredUnderlyingNetworks;
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private NetworkAgentInfo getNetworkAgentInfoForUid(int uid) {
+        NetworkAgentInfo nai = getDefaultNetworkForUid(uid);
+
+        final Network[] networks = getVpnUnderlyingNetworks(uid);
+        if (networks != null) {
+            // getUnderlyingNetworks() returns:
+            // null => there was no VPN, or the VPN didn't specify anything, so we use the default.
+            // empty array => the VPN explicitly said "no default network".
+            // non-empty array => the VPN specified one or more default networks; we use the
+            //                    first one.
+            if (networks.length > 0) {
+                nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(networks[0]);
+            } else {
+                nai = null;
+            }
+        }
+        return nai;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if UID should be blocked from using the specified network.
+     */
+    private boolean isNetworkWithCapabilitiesBlocked(@Nullable final NetworkCapabilities nc,
+            final int uid, final boolean ignoreBlocked) {
+        // Networks aren't blocked when ignoring blocked status
+        if (ignoreBlocked) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (isUidBlockedByVpn(uid, mVpnBlockedUidRanges)) return true;
+        final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+        try {
+            final boolean metered = nc == null ? true : nc.isMetered();
+            return mPolicyManager.isUidNetworkingBlocked(uid, metered);
+        } finally {
+            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(ident);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void maybeLogBlockedNetworkInfo(NetworkInfo ni, int uid) {
+        if (ni == null || !LOGD_BLOCKED_NETWORKINFO) {
+            return;
+        }
+        final boolean blocked;
+        synchronized (mBlockedAppUids) {
+            if (ni.getDetailedState() == DetailedState.BLOCKED && mBlockedAppUids.add(uid)) {
+                blocked = true;
+            } else if (ni.isConnected() && mBlockedAppUids.remove(uid)) {
+                blocked = false;
+            } else {
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+        String action = blocked ? "BLOCKED" : "UNBLOCKED";
+        log(String.format("Returning %s NetworkInfo to uid=%d", action, uid));
+        mNetworkInfoBlockingLogs.log(action + " " + uid);
+    }
+
+    private void maybeLogBlockedStatusChanged(NetworkRequestInfo nri, Network net, int blocked) {
+        if (nri == null || net == null || !LOGD_BLOCKED_NETWORKINFO) {
+            return;
+        }
+        final String action = (blocked != 0) ? "BLOCKED" : "UNBLOCKED";
+        final int requestId = nri.getActiveRequest() != null
+                ? nri.getActiveRequest().requestId : nri.mRequests.get(0).requestId;
+        mNetworkInfoBlockingLogs.log(String.format(
+                "%s %d(%d) on netId %d: %s", action, nri.mAsUid, requestId, net.getNetId(),
+                Integer.toHexString(blocked)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Apply any relevant filters to the specified {@link NetworkInfo} for the given UID. For
+     * example, this may mark the network as {@link DetailedState#BLOCKED} based
+     * on {@link #isNetworkWithCapabilitiesBlocked}.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    private NetworkInfo filterNetworkInfo(@NonNull NetworkInfo networkInfo, int type,
+            @NonNull NetworkCapabilities nc, int uid, boolean ignoreBlocked) {
+        final NetworkInfo filtered = new NetworkInfo(networkInfo);
+        // Many legacy types (e.g,. TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI) are not actually a property of the network
+        // but only exists if an app asks about them or requests them. Ensure the requesting app
+        // gets the type it asks for.
+        filtered.setType(type);
+        if (isNetworkWithCapabilitiesBlocked(nc, uid, ignoreBlocked)) {
+            filtered.setDetailedState(DetailedState.BLOCKED, null /* reason */,
+                    null /* extraInfo */);
+        }
+        filterForLegacyLockdown(filtered);
+        return filtered;
+    }
+
+    private NetworkInfo getFilteredNetworkInfo(NetworkAgentInfo nai, int uid,
+            boolean ignoreBlocked) {
+        return filterNetworkInfo(nai.networkInfo, nai.networkInfo.getType(),
+                nai.networkCapabilities, uid, ignoreBlocked);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return NetworkInfo for the active (i.e., connected) network interface.
+     * It is assumed that at most one network is active at a time. If more
+     * than one is active, it is indeterminate which will be returned.
+     * @return the info for the active network, or {@code null} if none is
+     * active
+     */
+    @Override
+    public NetworkInfo getActiveNetworkInfo() {
+        enforceAccessPermission();
+        final int uid = mDeps.getCallingUid();
+        final NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForUid(uid);
+        if (nai == null) return null;
+        final NetworkInfo networkInfo = getFilteredNetworkInfo(nai, uid, false);
+        maybeLogBlockedNetworkInfo(networkInfo, uid);
+        return networkInfo;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Network getActiveNetwork() {
+        enforceAccessPermission();
+        return getActiveNetworkForUidInternal(mDeps.getCallingUid(), false);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Network getActiveNetworkForUid(int uid, boolean ignoreBlocked) {
+        PermissionUtils.enforceNetworkStackPermission(mContext);
+        return getActiveNetworkForUidInternal(uid, ignoreBlocked);
+    }
+
+    private Network getActiveNetworkForUidInternal(final int uid, boolean ignoreBlocked) {
+        final NetworkAgentInfo vpnNai = getVpnForUid(uid);
+        if (vpnNai != null) {
+            final NetworkCapabilities requiredCaps = createDefaultNetworkCapabilitiesForUid(uid);
+            if (requiredCaps.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(vpnNai.networkCapabilities)) {
+                return vpnNai.network;
+            }
+        }
+
+        NetworkAgentInfo nai = getDefaultNetworkForUid(uid);
+        if (nai == null || isNetworkWithCapabilitiesBlocked(nai.networkCapabilities, uid,
+                ignoreBlocked)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return nai.network;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public NetworkInfo getActiveNetworkInfoForUid(int uid, boolean ignoreBlocked) {
+        PermissionUtils.enforceNetworkStackPermission(mContext);
+        final NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForUid(uid);
+        if (nai == null) return null;
+        return getFilteredNetworkInfo(nai, uid, ignoreBlocked);
+    }
+
+    /** Returns a NetworkInfo object for a network that doesn't exist. */
+    private NetworkInfo makeFakeNetworkInfo(int networkType, int uid) {
+        final NetworkInfo info = new NetworkInfo(networkType, 0 /* subtype */,
+                getNetworkTypeName(networkType), "" /* subtypeName */);
+        info.setIsAvailable(true);
+        // For compatibility with legacy code, return BLOCKED instead of DISCONNECTED when
+        // background data is restricted.
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities();  // Metered.
+        final DetailedState state = isNetworkWithCapabilitiesBlocked(nc, uid, false)
+                ? DetailedState.BLOCKED
+                : DetailedState.DISCONNECTED;
+        info.setDetailedState(state, null /* reason */, null /* extraInfo */);
+        filterForLegacyLockdown(info);
+        return info;
+    }
+
+    private NetworkInfo getFilteredNetworkInfoForType(int networkType, int uid) {
+        if (!mLegacyTypeTracker.isTypeSupported(networkType)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        final NetworkAgentInfo nai = mLegacyTypeTracker.getNetworkForType(networkType);
+        if (nai == null) {
+            return makeFakeNetworkInfo(networkType, uid);
+        }
+        return filterNetworkInfo(nai.networkInfo, networkType, nai.networkCapabilities, uid,
+                false);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public NetworkInfo getNetworkInfo(int networkType) {
+        enforceAccessPermission();
+        final int uid = mDeps.getCallingUid();
+        if (getVpnUnderlyingNetworks(uid) != null) {
+            // A VPN is active, so we may need to return one of its underlying networks. This
+            // information is not available in LegacyTypeTracker, so we have to get it from
+            // getNetworkAgentInfoForUid.
+            final NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForUid(uid);
+            if (nai == null) return null;
+            final NetworkInfo networkInfo = getFilteredNetworkInfo(nai, uid, false);
+            if (networkInfo.getType() == networkType) {
+                return networkInfo;
+            }
+        }
+        return getFilteredNetworkInfoForType(networkType, uid);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public NetworkInfo getNetworkInfoForUid(Network network, int uid, boolean ignoreBlocked) {
+        enforceAccessPermission();
+        final NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(network);
+        if (nai == null) return null;
+        return getFilteredNetworkInfo(nai, uid, ignoreBlocked);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public NetworkInfo[] getAllNetworkInfo() {
+        enforceAccessPermission();
+        final ArrayList<NetworkInfo> result = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (int networkType = 0; networkType <= ConnectivityManager.MAX_NETWORK_TYPE;
+                networkType++) {
+            NetworkInfo info = getNetworkInfo(networkType);
+            if (info != null) {
+                result.add(info);
+            }
+        }
+        return result.toArray(new NetworkInfo[result.size()]);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Network getNetworkForType(int networkType) {
+        enforceAccessPermission();
+        if (!mLegacyTypeTracker.isTypeSupported(networkType)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        final NetworkAgentInfo nai = mLegacyTypeTracker.getNetworkForType(networkType);
+        if (nai == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        final int uid = mDeps.getCallingUid();
+        if (isNetworkWithCapabilitiesBlocked(nai.networkCapabilities, uid, false)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return nai.network;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Network[] getAllNetworks() {
+        enforceAccessPermission();
+        synchronized (mNetworkForNetId) {
+            final Network[] result = new Network[mNetworkForNetId.size()];
+            for (int i = 0; i < mNetworkForNetId.size(); i++) {
+                result[i] = mNetworkForNetId.valueAt(i).network;
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public NetworkCapabilities[] getDefaultNetworkCapabilitiesForUser(
+                int userId, String callingPackageName, @Nullable String callingAttributionTag) {
+        // The basic principle is: if an app's traffic could possibly go over a
+        // network, without the app doing anything multinetwork-specific,
+        // (hence, by "default"), then include that network's capabilities in
+        // the array.
+        //
+        // In the normal case, app traffic only goes over the system's default
+        // network connection, so that's the only network returned.
+        //
+        // With a VPN in force, some app traffic may go into the VPN, and thus
+        // over whatever underlying networks the VPN specifies, while other app
+        // traffic may go over the system default network (e.g.: a split-tunnel
+        // VPN, or an app disallowed by the VPN), so the set of networks
+        // returned includes the VPN's underlying networks and the system
+        // default.
+        enforceAccessPermission();
+
+        HashMap<Network, NetworkCapabilities> result = new HashMap<>();
+
+        for (final NetworkRequestInfo nri : mDefaultNetworkRequests) {
+            if (!nri.isBeingSatisfied()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            final NetworkAgentInfo nai = nri.getSatisfier();
+            final NetworkCapabilities nc = getNetworkCapabilitiesInternal(nai);
+            if (null != nc
+                    && nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+                    && !result.containsKey(nai.network)) {
+                result.put(
+                        nai.network,
+                        createWithLocationInfoSanitizedIfNecessaryWhenParceled(
+                                nc, false /* includeLocationSensitiveInfo */,
+                                getCallingPid(), mDeps.getCallingUid(), callingPackageName,
+                                callingAttributionTag));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // No need to check mLockdownEnabled. If it's true, getVpnUnderlyingNetworks returns null.
+        final Network[] networks = getVpnUnderlyingNetworks(mDeps.getCallingUid());
+        if (null != networks) {
+            for (final Network network : networks) {
+                final NetworkCapabilities nc = getNetworkCapabilitiesInternal(network);
+                if (null != nc) {
+                    result.put(
+                            network,
+                            createWithLocationInfoSanitizedIfNecessaryWhenParceled(
+                                    nc,
+                                    false /* includeLocationSensitiveInfo */,
+                                    getCallingPid(), mDeps.getCallingUid(), callingPackageName,
+                                    callingAttributionTag));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        NetworkCapabilities[] out = new NetworkCapabilities[result.size()];
+        out = result.values().toArray(out);
+        return out;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isNetworkSupported(int networkType) {
+        enforceAccessPermission();
+        return mLegacyTypeTracker.isTypeSupported(networkType);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return LinkProperties for the active (i.e., connected) default
+     * network interface for the calling uid.
+     * @return the ip properties for the active network, or {@code null} if
+     * none is active
+     */
+    @Override
+    public LinkProperties getActiveLinkProperties() {
+        enforceAccessPermission();
+        final int uid = mDeps.getCallingUid();
+        NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForUid(uid);
+        if (nai == null) return null;
+        return linkPropertiesRestrictedForCallerPermissions(nai.linkProperties,
+                Binder.getCallingPid(), uid);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public LinkProperties getLinkPropertiesForType(int networkType) {
+        enforceAccessPermission();
+        NetworkAgentInfo nai = mLegacyTypeTracker.getNetworkForType(networkType);
+        final LinkProperties lp = getLinkProperties(nai);
+        if (lp == null) return null;
+        return linkPropertiesRestrictedForCallerPermissions(
+                lp, Binder.getCallingPid(), mDeps.getCallingUid());
+    }
+
+    // TODO - this should be ALL networks
+    @Override
+    public LinkProperties getLinkProperties(Network network) {
+        enforceAccessPermission();
+        final LinkProperties lp = getLinkProperties(getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(network));
+        if (lp == null) return null;
+        return linkPropertiesRestrictedForCallerPermissions(
+                lp, Binder.getCallingPid(), mDeps.getCallingUid());
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    private LinkProperties getLinkProperties(@Nullable NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        if (nai == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        synchronized (nai) {
+            return nai.linkProperties;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @Nullable
+    public LinkProperties getRedactedLinkPropertiesForPackage(@NonNull LinkProperties lp, int uid,
+            @NonNull String packageName, @Nullable String callingAttributionTag) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(packageName);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(lp);
+        enforceNetworkStackOrSettingsPermission();
+        if (!checkAccessPermission(-1 /* pid */, uid)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return linkPropertiesRestrictedForCallerPermissions(lp, -1 /* callerPid */, uid);
+    }
+
+    private NetworkCapabilities getNetworkCapabilitiesInternal(Network network) {
+        return getNetworkCapabilitiesInternal(getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(network));
+    }
+
+    private NetworkCapabilities getNetworkCapabilitiesInternal(NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        if (nai == null) return null;
+        synchronized (nai) {
+            return networkCapabilitiesRestrictedForCallerPermissions(
+                    nai.networkCapabilities, Binder.getCallingPid(), mDeps.getCallingUid());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public NetworkCapabilities getNetworkCapabilities(Network network, String callingPackageName,
+            @Nullable String callingAttributionTag) {
+        mAppOpsManager.checkPackage(mDeps.getCallingUid(), callingPackageName);
+        enforceAccessPermission();
+        return createWithLocationInfoSanitizedIfNecessaryWhenParceled(
+                getNetworkCapabilitiesInternal(network),
+                false /* includeLocationSensitiveInfo */,
+                getCallingPid(), mDeps.getCallingUid(), callingPackageName, callingAttributionTag);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public NetworkCapabilities getRedactedNetworkCapabilitiesForPackage(
+            @NonNull NetworkCapabilities nc, int uid, @NonNull String packageName,
+            @Nullable String callingAttributionTag) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(nc);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(packageName);
+        enforceNetworkStackOrSettingsPermission();
+        if (!checkAccessPermission(-1 /* pid */, uid)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return createWithLocationInfoSanitizedIfNecessaryWhenParceled(
+                networkCapabilitiesRestrictedForCallerPermissions(nc, -1 /* callerPid */, uid),
+                true /* includeLocationSensitiveInfo */, -1 /* callingPid */, uid, packageName,
+                callingAttributionTag);
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilitiesRestrictedForCallerPermissions(
+            NetworkCapabilities nc, int callerPid, int callerUid) {
+        // Note : here it would be nice to check ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE and return null, but
+        // this would be expensive (one more permission check every time any NC callback is
+        // sent) and possibly dangerous : apps normally can't lose ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE, if
+        // it happens for some reason (e.g. the package is uninstalled while CS is trying to
+        // send the callback) it would crash the system server with NPE.
+        final NetworkCapabilities newNc = new NetworkCapabilities(nc);
+        if (!checkSettingsPermission(callerPid, callerUid)) {
+            newNc.setUids(null);
+            newNc.setSSID(null);
+            // TODO: Processes holding NETWORK_FACTORY should be able to see the underlying networks
+            newNc.setUnderlyingNetworks(null);
+        }
+        if (newNc.getNetworkSpecifier() != null) {
+            newNc.setNetworkSpecifier(newNc.getNetworkSpecifier().redact());
+        }
+        if (!checkAnyPermissionOf(callerPid, callerUid, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+                NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK)) {
+            newNc.setAdministratorUids(new int[0]);
+        }
+        if (!checkAnyPermissionOf(
+                callerPid, callerUid, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY)) {
+            newNc.setAllowedUids(new ArraySet<>());
+            newNc.setSubscriptionIds(Collections.emptySet());
+        }
+
+        return newNc;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Wrapper used to cache the permission check results performed for the corresponding
+     * app. This avoids performing multiple permission checks for different fields in
+     * NetworkCapabilities.
+     * Note: This wrapper does not support any sort of invalidation and thus must not be
+     * persistent or long-lived. It may only be used for the time necessary to
+     * compute the redactions required by one particular NetworkCallback or
+     * synchronous call.
+     */
+    private class RedactionPermissionChecker {
+        private final int mCallingPid;
+        private final int mCallingUid;
+        @NonNull private final String mCallingPackageName;
+        @Nullable private final String mCallingAttributionTag;
+
+        private Boolean mHasLocationPermission = null;
+        private Boolean mHasLocalMacAddressPermission = null;
+        private Boolean mHasSettingsPermission = null;
+
+        RedactionPermissionChecker(int callingPid, int callingUid,
+                @NonNull String callingPackageName, @Nullable String callingAttributionTag) {
+            mCallingPid = callingPid;
+            mCallingUid = callingUid;
+            mCallingPackageName = callingPackageName;
+            mCallingAttributionTag = callingAttributionTag;
+        }
+
+        private boolean hasLocationPermissionInternal() {
+            final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+            try {
+                return mLocationPermissionChecker.checkLocationPermission(
+                        mCallingPackageName, mCallingAttributionTag, mCallingUid,
+                        null /* message */);
+            } finally {
+                Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Returns whether the app holds location permission or not (might return cached result
+         * if the permission was already checked before).
+         */
+        public boolean hasLocationPermission() {
+            if (mHasLocationPermission == null) {
+                // If there is no cached result, perform the check now.
+                mHasLocationPermission = hasLocationPermissionInternal();
+            }
+            return mHasLocationPermission;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Returns whether the app holds local mac address permission or not (might return cached
+         * result if the permission was already checked before).
+         */
+        public boolean hasLocalMacAddressPermission() {
+            if (mHasLocalMacAddressPermission == null) {
+                // If there is no cached result, perform the check now.
+                mHasLocalMacAddressPermission =
+                        checkLocalMacAddressPermission(mCallingPid, mCallingUid);
+            }
+            return mHasLocalMacAddressPermission;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Returns whether the app holds settings permission or not (might return cached
+         * result if the permission was already checked before).
+         */
+        public boolean hasSettingsPermission() {
+            if (mHasSettingsPermission == null) {
+                // If there is no cached result, perform the check now.
+                mHasSettingsPermission = checkSettingsPermission(mCallingPid, mCallingUid);
+            }
+            return mHasSettingsPermission;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static boolean shouldRedact(@NetworkCapabilities.RedactionType long redactions,
+            @NetworkCapabilities.NetCapability long redaction) {
+        return (redactions & redaction) != 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Use the provided |applicableRedactions| to check the receiving app's
+     * permissions and clear/set the corresponding bit in the returned bitmask. The bitmask
+     * returned will be used to ensure the necessary redactions are performed by NetworkCapabilities
+     * before being sent to the corresponding app.
+     */
+    private @NetworkCapabilities.RedactionType long retrieveRequiredRedactions(
+            @NetworkCapabilities.RedactionType long applicableRedactions,
+            @NonNull RedactionPermissionChecker redactionPermissionChecker,
+            boolean includeLocationSensitiveInfo) {
+        long redactions = applicableRedactions;
+        if (shouldRedact(redactions, REDACT_FOR_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION)) {
+            if (includeLocationSensitiveInfo
+                    && redactionPermissionChecker.hasLocationPermission()) {
+                redactions &= ~REDACT_FOR_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION;
+            }
+        }
+        if (shouldRedact(redactions, REDACT_FOR_LOCAL_MAC_ADDRESS)) {
+            if (redactionPermissionChecker.hasLocalMacAddressPermission()) {
+                redactions &= ~REDACT_FOR_LOCAL_MAC_ADDRESS;
+            }
+        }
+        if (shouldRedact(redactions, REDACT_FOR_NETWORK_SETTINGS)) {
+            if (redactionPermissionChecker.hasSettingsPermission()) {
+                redactions &= ~REDACT_FOR_NETWORK_SETTINGS;
+            }
+        }
+        return redactions;
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    @Nullable
+    NetworkCapabilities createWithLocationInfoSanitizedIfNecessaryWhenParceled(
+            @Nullable NetworkCapabilities nc, boolean includeLocationSensitiveInfo,
+            int callingPid, int callingUid, @NonNull String callingPkgName,
+            @Nullable String callingAttributionTag) {
+        if (nc == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        // Avoid doing location permission check if the transport info has no location sensitive
+        // data.
+        final RedactionPermissionChecker redactionPermissionChecker =
+                new RedactionPermissionChecker(callingPid, callingUid, callingPkgName,
+                        callingAttributionTag);
+        final long redactions = retrieveRequiredRedactions(
+                nc.getApplicableRedactions(), redactionPermissionChecker,
+                includeLocationSensitiveInfo);
+        final NetworkCapabilities newNc = new NetworkCapabilities(nc, redactions);
+        // Reset owner uid if not destined for the owner app.
+        // TODO : calling UID is redacted because apps should generally not know what UID is
+        // bringing up the VPN, but this should not apply to some very privileged apps like settings
+        if (callingUid != nc.getOwnerUid()) {
+            newNc.setOwnerUid(INVALID_UID);
+            return newNc;
+        }
+        // Allow VPNs to see ownership of their own VPN networks - not location sensitive.
+        if (nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN)) {
+            // Owner UIDs already checked above. No need to re-check.
+            return newNc;
+        }
+        // If the calling does not want location sensitive data & target SDK >= S, then mask info.
+        // Else include the owner UID iff the calling has location permission to provide backwards
+        // compatibility for older apps.
+        if (!includeLocationSensitiveInfo
+                && isTargetSdkAtleast(
+                        Build.VERSION_CODES.S, callingUid, callingPkgName)) {
+            newNc.setOwnerUid(INVALID_UID);
+            return newNc;
+        }
+        // Reset owner uid if the app has no location permission.
+        if (!redactionPermissionChecker.hasLocationPermission()) {
+            newNc.setOwnerUid(INVALID_UID);
+        }
+        return newNc;
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    private LinkProperties linkPropertiesRestrictedForCallerPermissions(
+            LinkProperties lp, int callerPid, int callerUid) {
+        if (lp == null) return new LinkProperties();
+        // Note : here it would be nice to check ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE and return null, but
+        // this would be expensive (one more permission check every time any LP callback is
+        // sent) and possibly dangerous : apps normally can't lose ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE, if
+        // it happens for some reason (e.g. the package is uninstalled while CS is trying to
+        // send the callback) it would crash the system server with NPE.
+
+        // Only do a permission check if sanitization is needed, to avoid unnecessary binder calls.
+        final boolean needsSanitization =
+                (lp.getCaptivePortalApiUrl() != null || lp.getCaptivePortalData() != null);
+        if (!needsSanitization) {
+            return new LinkProperties(lp);
+        }
+
+        if (checkSettingsPermission(callerPid, callerUid)) {
+            return new LinkProperties(lp, true /* parcelSensitiveFields */);
+        }
+
+        final LinkProperties newLp = new LinkProperties(lp);
+        // Sensitive fields would not be parceled anyway, but sanitize for consistency before the
+        // object gets parceled.
+        newLp.setCaptivePortalApiUrl(null);
+        newLp.setCaptivePortalData(null);
+        return newLp;
+    }
+
+    private void restrictRequestUidsForCallerAndSetRequestorInfo(NetworkCapabilities nc,
+            int callerUid, String callerPackageName) {
+        // There is no need to track the effective UID of the request here. If the caller
+        // lacks the settings permission, the effective UID is the same as the calling ID.
+        if (!checkSettingsPermission()) {
+            // Unprivileged apps can only pass in null or their own UID.
+            if (nc.getUids() == null) {
+                // If the caller passes in null, the callback will also match networks that do not
+                // apply to its UID, similarly to what it would see if it called getAllNetworks.
+                // In this case, redact everything in the request immediately. This ensures that the
+                // app is not able to get any redacted information by filing an unredacted request
+                // and observing whether the request matches something.
+                if (nc.getNetworkSpecifier() != null) {
+                    nc.setNetworkSpecifier(nc.getNetworkSpecifier().redact());
+                }
+            } else {
+                nc.setSingleUid(callerUid);
+            }
+        }
+        nc.setRequestorUidAndPackageName(callerUid, callerPackageName);
+        nc.setAdministratorUids(new int[0]);
+
+        // Clear owner UID; this can never come from an app.
+        nc.setOwnerUid(INVALID_UID);
+    }
+
+    private void restrictBackgroundRequestForCaller(NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        if (!mPermissionMonitor.hasUseBackgroundNetworksPermission(mDeps.getCallingUid())) {
+            nc.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public @RestrictBackgroundStatus int getRestrictBackgroundStatusByCaller() {
+        enforceAccessPermission();
+        final int callerUid = Binder.getCallingUid();
+        final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+        try {
+            return mPolicyManager.getRestrictBackgroundStatus(callerUid);
+        } finally {
+            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Consider delete this function or turn it into a no-op method.
+    @Override
+    public NetworkState[] getAllNetworkState() {
+        // This contains IMSI details, so make sure the caller is privileged.
+        PermissionUtils.enforceNetworkStackPermission(mContext);
+
+        final ArrayList<NetworkState> result = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (NetworkStateSnapshot snapshot : getAllNetworkStateSnapshots()) {
+            // NetworkStateSnapshot doesn't contain NetworkInfo, so need to fetch it from the
+            // NetworkAgentInfo.
+            final NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(snapshot.getNetwork());
+            if (nai != null && nai.networkInfo.isConnected()) {
+                result.add(new NetworkState(new NetworkInfo(nai.networkInfo),
+                        snapshot.getLinkProperties(), snapshot.getNetworkCapabilities(),
+                        snapshot.getNetwork(), snapshot.getSubscriberId()));
+            }
+        }
+        return result.toArray(new NetworkState[result.size()]);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @NonNull
+    public List<NetworkStateSnapshot> getAllNetworkStateSnapshots() {
+        // This contains IMSI details, so make sure the caller is privileged.
+        enforceNetworkStackOrSettingsPermission();
+
+        final ArrayList<NetworkStateSnapshot> result = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (Network network : getAllNetworks()) {
+            final NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(network);
+            if (nai != null && nai.everConnected) {
+                // TODO (b/73321673) : NetworkStateSnapshot contains a copy of the
+                // NetworkCapabilities, which may contain UIDs of apps to which the
+                // network applies. Should the UIDs be cleared so as not to leak or
+                // interfere ?
+                result.add(nai.getNetworkStateSnapshot());
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isActiveNetworkMetered() {
+        enforceAccessPermission();
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities caps = getNetworkCapabilitiesInternal(getActiveNetwork());
+        if (caps != null) {
+            return !caps.hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        } else {
+            // Always return the most conservative value
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Ensures that the system cannot call a particular method.
+     */
+    private boolean disallowedBecauseSystemCaller() {
+        // TODO: start throwing a SecurityException when GnssLocationProvider stops calling
+        // requestRouteToHost. In Q, GnssLocationProvider is changed to not call requestRouteToHost
+        // for devices launched with Q and above. However, existing devices upgrading to Q and
+        // above must continued to be supported for few more releases.
+        if (isSystem(mDeps.getCallingUid()) && SystemProperties.getInt(
+                "ro.product.first_api_level", 0) > Build.VERSION_CODES.P) {
+            log("This method exists only for app backwards compatibility"
+                    + " and must not be called by system services.");
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private int getAppUid(final String app, final UserHandle user) {
+        final PackageManager pm =
+                mContext.createContextAsUser(user, 0 /* flags */).getPackageManager();
+        final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+        try {
+            return pm.getPackageUid(app, 0 /* flags */);
+        } catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) {
+            return -1;
+        } finally {
+            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void verifyCallingUidAndPackage(String packageName, int callingUid) {
+        final UserHandle user = UserHandle.getUserHandleForUid(callingUid);
+        if (getAppUid(packageName, user) != callingUid) {
+            throw new SecurityException(packageName + " does not belong to uid " + callingUid);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Ensure that a network route exists to deliver traffic to the specified
+     * host via the specified network interface.
+     * @param networkType the type of the network over which traffic to the
+     * specified host is to be routed
+     * @param hostAddress the IP address of the host to which the route is
+     * desired
+     * @return {@code true} on success, {@code false} on failure
+     */
+    @Override
+    public boolean requestRouteToHostAddress(int networkType, byte[] hostAddress,
+            String callingPackageName, String callingAttributionTag) {
+        if (disallowedBecauseSystemCaller()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        verifyCallingUidAndPackage(callingPackageName, mDeps.getCallingUid());
+        enforceChangePermission(callingPackageName, callingAttributionTag);
+        if (mProtectedNetworks.contains(networkType)) {
+            enforceConnectivityRestrictedNetworksPermission();
+        }
+
+        InetAddress addr;
+        try {
+            addr = InetAddress.getByAddress(hostAddress);
+        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
+            if (DBG) log("requestRouteToHostAddress got " + e.toString());
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!ConnectivityManager.isNetworkTypeValid(networkType)) {
+            if (DBG) log("requestRouteToHostAddress on invalid network: " + networkType);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        NetworkAgentInfo nai = mLegacyTypeTracker.getNetworkForType(networkType);
+        if (nai == null) {
+            if (mLegacyTypeTracker.isTypeSupported(networkType) == false) {
+                if (DBG) log("requestRouteToHostAddress on unsupported network: " + networkType);
+            } else {
+                if (DBG) log("requestRouteToHostAddress on down network: " + networkType);
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        DetailedState netState;
+        synchronized (nai) {
+            netState = nai.networkInfo.getDetailedState();
+        }
+
+        if (netState != DetailedState.CONNECTED && netState != DetailedState.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_CHECK) {
+            if (VDBG) {
+                log("requestRouteToHostAddress on down network "
+                        + "(" + networkType + ") - dropped"
+                        + " netState=" + netState);
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        final int uid = mDeps.getCallingUid();
+        final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+        try {
+            LinkProperties lp;
+            int netId;
+            synchronized (nai) {
+                lp = nai.linkProperties;
+                netId = nai.network.getNetId();
+            }
+            boolean ok = addLegacyRouteToHost(lp, addr, netId, uid);
+            if (DBG) {
+                log("requestRouteToHostAddress " + addr + nai.toShortString() + " ok=" + ok);
+            }
+            return ok;
+        } finally {
+            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean addLegacyRouteToHost(LinkProperties lp, InetAddress addr, int netId, int uid) {
+        RouteInfo bestRoute = RouteInfo.selectBestRoute(lp.getAllRoutes(), addr);
+        if (bestRoute == null) {
+            bestRoute = RouteInfo.makeHostRoute(addr, lp.getInterfaceName());
+        } else {
+            String iface = bestRoute.getInterface();
+            if (bestRoute.getGateway().equals(addr)) {
+                // if there is no better route, add the implied hostroute for our gateway
+                bestRoute = RouteInfo.makeHostRoute(addr, iface);
+            } else {
+                // if we will connect to this through another route, add a direct route
+                // to it's gateway
+                bestRoute = RouteInfo.makeHostRoute(addr, bestRoute.getGateway(), iface);
+            }
+        }
+        if (DBG) log("Adding legacy route " + bestRoute +
+                " for UID/PID " + uid + "/" + Binder.getCallingPid());
+
+        final String dst = bestRoute.getDestinationLinkAddress().toString();
+        final String nextHop = bestRoute.hasGateway()
+                ? bestRoute.getGateway().getHostAddress() : "";
+        try {
+            mNetd.networkAddLegacyRoute(netId, bestRoute.getInterface(), dst, nextHop , uid);
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            if (DBG) loge("Exception trying to add a route: " + e);
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    class DnsResolverUnsolicitedEventCallback extends
+            IDnsResolverUnsolicitedEventListener.Stub {
+        @Override
+        public void onPrivateDnsValidationEvent(final PrivateDnsValidationEventParcel event) {
+            try {
+                mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(
+                        EVENT_PRIVATE_DNS_VALIDATION_UPDATE,
+                        new PrivateDnsValidationUpdate(event.netId,
+                                InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(event.ipAddress),
+                                event.hostname, event.validation)));
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+                loge("Error parsing ip address in validation event");
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onDnsHealthEvent(final DnsHealthEventParcel event) {
+            NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetId(event.netId);
+            // Netd event only allow registrants from system. Each NetworkMonitor thread is under
+            // the caller thread of registerNetworkAgent. Thus, it's not allowed to register netd
+            // event callback for certain nai. e.g. cellular. Register here to pass to
+            // NetworkMonitor instead.
+            // TODO: Move the Dns Event to NetworkMonitor. NetdEventListenerService only allow one
+            // callback from each caller type. Need to re-factor NetdEventListenerService to allow
+            // multiple NetworkMonitor registrants.
+            if (nai != null && nai.satisfies(mDefaultRequest.mRequests.get(0))) {
+                nai.networkMonitor().notifyDnsResponse(event.healthResult);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onNat64PrefixEvent(final Nat64PrefixEventParcel event) {
+            mHandler.post(() -> handleNat64PrefixEvent(event.netId, event.prefixOperation,
+                    event.prefixAddress, event.prefixLength));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int getInterfaceVersion() {
+            return this.VERSION;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String getInterfaceHash() {
+            return this.HASH;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected final DnsResolverUnsolicitedEventCallback mResolverUnsolEventCallback =
+            new DnsResolverUnsolicitedEventCallback();
+
+    private void registerDnsResolverUnsolicitedEventListener() {
+        try {
+            mDnsResolver.registerUnsolicitedEventListener(mResolverUnsolEventCallback);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            loge("Error registering DnsResolver unsolicited event callback: " + e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private final NetworkPolicyCallback mPolicyCallback = new NetworkPolicyCallback() {
+        @Override
+        public void onUidBlockedReasonChanged(int uid, @BlockedReason int blockedReasons) {
+            mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_UID_BLOCKED_REASON_CHANGED,
+                    uid, blockedReasons));
+        }
+    };
+
+    private void handleUidBlockedReasonChanged(int uid, @BlockedReason int blockedReasons) {
+        maybeNotifyNetworkBlockedForNewState(uid, blockedReasons);
+        setUidBlockedReasons(uid, blockedReasons);
+    }
+
+    private boolean checkAnyPermissionOf(String... permissions) {
+        for (String permission : permissions) {
+            if (mContext.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(permission) == PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private boolean checkAnyPermissionOf(int pid, int uid, String... permissions) {
+        for (String permission : permissions) {
+            if (mContext.checkPermission(permission, pid, uid) == PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private void enforceAnyPermissionOf(String... permissions) {
+        if (!checkAnyPermissionOf(permissions)) {
+            throw new SecurityException("Requires one of the following permissions: "
+                    + String.join(", ", permissions) + ".");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void enforceInternetPermission() {
+        mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(
+                android.Manifest.permission.INTERNET,
+                "ConnectivityService");
+    }
+
+    private void enforceAccessPermission() {
+        mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(
+                android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE,
+                "ConnectivityService");
+    }
+
+    private boolean checkAccessPermission(int pid, int uid) {
+        return mContext.checkPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE, pid, uid)
+                == PERMISSION_GRANTED;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Performs a strict and comprehensive check of whether a calling package is allowed to
+     * change the state of network, as the condition differs for pre-M, M+, and
+     * privileged/preinstalled apps. The caller is expected to have either the
+     * CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE or the WRITE_SETTINGS permission declared. Either of these
+     * permissions allow changing network state; WRITE_SETTINGS is a runtime permission and
+     * can be revoked, but (except in M, excluding M MRs), CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE is a normal
+     * permission and cannot be revoked. See http://b/23597341
+     *
+     * Note: if the check succeeds because the application holds WRITE_SETTINGS, the operation
+     * of this app will be updated to the current time.
+     */
+    private void enforceChangePermission(String callingPkg, String callingAttributionTag) {
+        if (mContext.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(android.Manifest.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE)
+                == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (callingPkg == null) {
+            throw new SecurityException("Calling package name is null.");
+        }
+
+        final AppOpsManager appOpsMgr = mContext.getSystemService(AppOpsManager.class);
+        final int uid = mDeps.getCallingUid();
+        final int mode = appOpsMgr.noteOpNoThrow(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_WRITE_SETTINGS, uid,
+                callingPkg, callingAttributionTag, null /* message */);
+
+        if (mode == AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if ((mode == AppOpsManager.MODE_DEFAULT) && (mContext.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(
+                android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        throw new SecurityException(callingPkg + " was not granted either of these permissions:"
+                + android.Manifest.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE + ","
+                + android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS + ".");
+    }
+
+    private void enforceSettingsPermission() {
+        enforceAnyPermissionOf(
+                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
+                NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK);
+    }
+
+    private void enforceNetworkFactoryPermission() {
+        enforceAnyPermissionOf(
+                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY,
+                NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK);
+    }
+
+    private void enforceNetworkFactoryOrSettingsPermission() {
+        enforceAnyPermissionOf(
+                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
+                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY,
+                NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK);
+    }
+
+    private void enforceNetworkFactoryOrTestNetworksPermission() {
+        enforceAnyPermissionOf(
+                android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS,
+                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY,
+                NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK);
+    }
+
+    private boolean checkSettingsPermission() {
+        return checkAnyPermissionOf(
+                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
+                NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK);
+    }
+
+    private boolean checkSettingsPermission(int pid, int uid) {
+        return PERMISSION_GRANTED == mContext.checkPermission(
+                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, pid, uid)
+                || PERMISSION_GRANTED == mContext.checkPermission(
+                NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, pid, uid);
+    }
+
+    private void enforceNetworkStackOrSettingsPermission() {
+        enforceAnyPermissionOf(
+                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
+                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+                NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK);
+    }
+
+    private void enforceNetworkStackSettingsOrSetup() {
+        enforceAnyPermissionOf(
+                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
+                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETUP_WIZARD,
+                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+                NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK);
+    }
+
+    private void enforceAirplaneModePermission() {
+        enforceAnyPermissionOf(
+                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_AIRPLANE_MODE,
+                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
+                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETUP_WIZARD,
+                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+                NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK);
+    }
+
+    private void enforceOemNetworkPreferencesPermission() {
+        mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(
+                android.Manifest.permission.CONTROL_OEM_PAID_NETWORK_PREFERENCE,
+                "ConnectivityService");
+    }
+
+    private void enforceManageTestNetworksPermission() {
+        mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(
+                android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS,
+                "ConnectivityService");
+    }
+
+    private boolean checkNetworkStackPermission() {
+        return checkAnyPermissionOf(
+                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+                NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK);
+    }
+
+    private boolean checkNetworkStackPermission(int pid, int uid) {
+        return checkAnyPermissionOf(pid, uid,
+                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+                NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK);
+    }
+
+    private boolean checkNetworkSignalStrengthWakeupPermission(int pid, int uid) {
+        return checkAnyPermissionOf(pid, uid,
+                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SIGNAL_STRENGTH_WAKEUP,
+                NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+    }
+
+    private void enforceConnectivityRestrictedNetworksPermission() {
+        try {
+            mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(
+                    android.Manifest.permission.CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS,
+                    "ConnectivityService");
+            return;
+        } catch (SecurityException e) { /* fallback to ConnectivityInternalPermission */ }
+        //  TODO: Remove this fallback check after all apps have declared
+        //   CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS.
+        mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(
+                android.Manifest.permission.CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL,
+                "ConnectivityService");
+    }
+
+    private void enforceKeepalivePermission() {
+        mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(KeepaliveTracker.PERMISSION, "ConnectivityService");
+    }
+
+    private boolean checkLocalMacAddressPermission(int pid, int uid) {
+        return PERMISSION_GRANTED == mContext.checkPermission(
+                Manifest.permission.LOCAL_MAC_ADDRESS, pid, uid);
+    }
+
+    private void sendConnectedBroadcast(NetworkInfo info) {
+        sendGeneralBroadcast(info, CONNECTIVITY_ACTION);
+    }
+
+    private void sendInetConditionBroadcast(NetworkInfo info) {
+        sendGeneralBroadcast(info, ConnectivityManager.INET_CONDITION_ACTION);
+    }
+
+    private Intent makeGeneralIntent(NetworkInfo info, String bcastType) {
+        Intent intent = new Intent(bcastType);
+        intent.putExtra(ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO, new NetworkInfo(info));
+        intent.putExtra(ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_TYPE, info.getType());
+        if (info.isFailover()) {
+            intent.putExtra(ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_IS_FAILOVER, true);
+            info.setFailover(false);
+        }
+        if (info.getReason() != null) {
+            intent.putExtra(ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_REASON, info.getReason());
+        }
+        if (info.getExtraInfo() != null) {
+            intent.putExtra(ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_EXTRA_INFO,
+                    info.getExtraInfo());
+        }
+        intent.putExtra(ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_INET_CONDITION, mDefaultInetConditionPublished);
+        return intent;
+    }
+
+    private void sendGeneralBroadcast(NetworkInfo info, String bcastType) {
+        sendStickyBroadcast(makeGeneralIntent(info, bcastType));
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Set the mini sdk to 31 and remove @TargetApi annotation when b/205923322 is addressed.
+    @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.S)
+    private void sendStickyBroadcast(Intent intent) {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            if (!mSystemReady
+                    && intent.getAction().equals(ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION)) {
+                mInitialBroadcast = new Intent(intent);
+            }
+            intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_REGISTERED_ONLY_BEFORE_BOOT);
+            if (VDBG) {
+                log("sendStickyBroadcast: action=" + intent.getAction());
+            }
+
+            Bundle options = null;
+            final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+            if (ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION.equals(intent.getAction())) {
+                final NetworkInfo ni = intent.getParcelableExtra(
+                        ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO);
+                final BroadcastOptions opts = BroadcastOptions.makeBasic();
+                opts.setMaxManifestReceiverApiLevel(Build.VERSION_CODES.M);
+                options = opts.toBundle();
+                intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_VISIBLE_TO_INSTANT_APPS);
+            }
+            try {
+                mUserAllContext.sendStickyBroadcast(intent, options);
+            } finally {
+                Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(ident);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called by SystemServer through ConnectivityManager when the system is ready.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void systemReady() {
+        if (mDeps.getCallingUid() != Process.SYSTEM_UID) {
+            throw new SecurityException("Calling Uid is not system uid.");
+        }
+        systemReadyInternal();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called when ConnectivityService can initialize remaining components.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public void systemReadyInternal() {
+        // Load flags after PackageManager is ready to query module version
+        mFlags.loadFlags(mDeps, mContext);
+
+        // Since mApps in PermissionMonitor needs to be populated first to ensure that
+        // listening network request which is sent by MultipathPolicyTracker won't be added
+        // NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND capability. Thus, MultipathPolicyTracker.start() must
+        // be called after PermissionMonitor#startMonitoring().
+        // Calling PermissionMonitor#startMonitoring() in systemReadyInternal() and the
+        // MultipathPolicyTracker.start() is called in NetworkPolicyManagerService#systemReady()
+        // to ensure the tracking will be initialized correctly.
+        mPermissionMonitor.startMonitoring();
+        mProxyTracker.loadGlobalProxy();
+        registerDnsResolverUnsolicitedEventListener();
+
+        synchronized (this) {
+            mSystemReady = true;
+            if (mInitialBroadcast != null) {
+                mContext.sendStickyBroadcastAsUser(mInitialBroadcast, UserHandle.ALL);
+                mInitialBroadcast = null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Create network requests for always-on networks.
+        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_CONFIGURE_ALWAYS_ON_NETWORKS));
+
+        // Update mobile data preference if necessary.
+        // Note that empty uid list can be skip here only because no uid rules applied before system
+        // ready. Normally, the empty uid list means to clear the uids rules on netd.
+        if (!ConnectivitySettingsManager.getMobileDataPreferredUids(mContext).isEmpty()) {
+            updateMobileDataPreferredUids();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start listening for default data network activity state changes.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void registerNetworkActivityListener(@NonNull INetworkActivityListener l) {
+        mNetworkActivityTracker.registerNetworkActivityListener(l);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stop listening for default data network activity state changes.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void unregisterNetworkActivityListener(@NonNull INetworkActivityListener l) {
+        mNetworkActivityTracker.unregisterNetworkActivityListener(l);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check whether the default network radio is currently active.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public boolean isDefaultNetworkActive() {
+        return mNetworkActivityTracker.isDefaultNetworkActive();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads the network specific MTU size from resources.
+     * and set it on it's iface.
+     */
+    private void updateMtu(LinkProperties newLp, LinkProperties oldLp) {
+        final String iface = newLp.getInterfaceName();
+        final int mtu = newLp.getMtu();
+        if (oldLp == null && mtu == 0) {
+            // Silently ignore unset MTU value.
+            return;
+        }
+        if (oldLp != null && newLp.isIdenticalMtu(oldLp)) {
+            if (VDBG) log("identical MTU - not setting");
+            return;
+        }
+        if (!LinkProperties.isValidMtu(mtu, newLp.hasGlobalIpv6Address())) {
+            if (mtu != 0) loge("Unexpected mtu value: " + mtu + ", " + iface);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Cannot set MTU without interface name
+        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(iface)) {
+            loge("Setting MTU size with null iface.");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            if (VDBG || DDBG) log("Setting MTU size: " + iface + ", " + mtu);
+            mNetd.interfaceSetMtu(iface, mtu);
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            loge("exception in interfaceSetMtu()" + e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected static final String DEFAULT_TCP_BUFFER_SIZES = "4096,87380,110208,4096,16384,110208";
+
+    private void updateTcpBufferSizes(String tcpBufferSizes) {
+        String[] values = null;
+        if (tcpBufferSizes != null) {
+            values = tcpBufferSizes.split(",");
+        }
+
+        if (values == null || values.length != 6) {
+            if (DBG) log("Invalid tcpBufferSizes string: " + tcpBufferSizes +", using defaults");
+            tcpBufferSizes = DEFAULT_TCP_BUFFER_SIZES;
+            values = tcpBufferSizes.split(",");
+        }
+
+        if (tcpBufferSizes.equals(mCurrentTcpBufferSizes)) return;
+
+        try {
+            if (VDBG || DDBG) log("Setting tx/rx TCP buffers to " + tcpBufferSizes);
+
+            String rmemValues = String.join(" ", values[0], values[1], values[2]);
+            String wmemValues = String.join(" ", values[3], values[4], values[5]);
+            mNetd.setTcpRWmemorySize(rmemValues, wmemValues);
+            mCurrentTcpBufferSizes = tcpBufferSizes;
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            loge("Can't set TCP buffer sizes:" + e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getRestoreDefaultNetworkDelay(int networkType) {
+        String restoreDefaultNetworkDelayStr = mSystemProperties.get(
+                NETWORK_RESTORE_DELAY_PROP_NAME);
+        if(restoreDefaultNetworkDelayStr != null &&
+                restoreDefaultNetworkDelayStr.length() != 0) {
+            try {
+                return Integer.parseInt(restoreDefaultNetworkDelayStr);
+            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+            }
+        }
+        // if the system property isn't set, use the value for the apn type
+        int ret = RESTORE_DEFAULT_NETWORK_DELAY;
+
+        if (mLegacyTypeTracker.isTypeSupported(networkType)) {
+            ret = mLegacyTypeTracker.getRestoreTimerForType(networkType);
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    private void dumpNetworkDiagnostics(IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
+        final List<NetworkDiagnostics> netDiags = new ArrayList<NetworkDiagnostics>();
+        final long DIAG_TIME_MS = 5000;
+        for (NetworkAgentInfo nai : networksSortedById()) {
+            PrivateDnsConfig privateDnsCfg = mDnsManager.getPrivateDnsConfig(nai.network);
+            // Start gathering diagnostic information.
+            netDiags.add(new NetworkDiagnostics(
+                    nai.network,
+                    new LinkProperties(nai.linkProperties),  // Must be a copy.
+                    privateDnsCfg,
+                    DIAG_TIME_MS));
+        }
+
+        for (NetworkDiagnostics netDiag : netDiags) {
+            pw.println();
+            netDiag.waitForMeasurements();
+            netDiag.dump(pw);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void dump(@NonNull FileDescriptor fd, @NonNull PrintWriter writer,
+            @Nullable String[] args) {
+        if (!checkDumpPermission(mContext, TAG, writer)) return;
+
+        mPriorityDumper.dump(fd, writer, args);
+    }
+
+    private boolean checkDumpPermission(Context context, String tag, PrintWriter pw) {
+        if (context.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(android.Manifest.permission.DUMP)
+                != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
+            pw.println("Permission Denial: can't dump " + tag + " from from pid="
+                    + Binder.getCallingPid() + ", uid=" + mDeps.getCallingUid()
+                    + " due to missing android.permission.DUMP permission");
+            return false;
+        } else {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void doDump(FileDescriptor fd, PrintWriter writer, String[] args) {
+        final IndentingPrintWriter pw = new IndentingPrintWriter(writer, "  ");
+
+        if (CollectionUtils.contains(args, DIAG_ARG)) {
+            dumpNetworkDiagnostics(pw);
+            return;
+        } else if (CollectionUtils.contains(args, NETWORK_ARG)) {
+            dumpNetworks(pw);
+            return;
+        } else if (CollectionUtils.contains(args, REQUEST_ARG)) {
+            dumpNetworkRequests(pw);
+            return;
+        } else if (CollectionUtils.contains(args, TRAFFICCONTROLLER_ARG)) {
+            boolean verbose = !CollectionUtils.contains(args, SHORT_ARG);
+            dumpTrafficController(pw, fd, verbose);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        pw.print("NetworkProviders for:");
+        for (NetworkProviderInfo npi : mNetworkProviderInfos.values()) {
+            pw.print(" " + npi.name);
+        }
+        pw.println();
+        pw.println();
+
+        final NetworkAgentInfo defaultNai = getDefaultNetwork();
+        pw.print("Active default network: ");
+        if (defaultNai == null) {
+            pw.println("none");
+        } else {
+            pw.println(defaultNai.network.getNetId());
+        }
+        pw.println();
+
+        pw.println("Current network preferences: ");
+        pw.increaseIndent();
+        dumpNetworkPreferences(pw);
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
+        pw.println();
+
+        pw.println("Current Networks:");
+        pw.increaseIndent();
+        dumpNetworks(pw);
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
+        pw.println();
+
+        pw.println("Status for known UIDs:");
+        pw.increaseIndent();
+        final int size = mUidBlockedReasons.size();
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            // Don't crash if the array is modified while dumping in bugreports.
+            try {
+                final int uid = mUidBlockedReasons.keyAt(i);
+                final int blockedReasons = mUidBlockedReasons.valueAt(i);
+                pw.println("UID=" + uid + " blockedReasons="
+                        + Integer.toHexString(blockedReasons));
+            } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+                pw.println("  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException");
+            } catch (ConcurrentModificationException e) {
+                pw.println("  ConcurrentModificationException");
+            }
+        }
+        pw.println();
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
+
+        pw.println("Network Requests:");
+        pw.increaseIndent();
+        dumpNetworkRequests(pw);
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
+        pw.println();
+
+        mLegacyTypeTracker.dump(pw);
+
+        pw.println();
+        mKeepaliveTracker.dump(pw);
+
+        pw.println();
+        dumpAvoidBadWifiSettings(pw);
+
+        pw.println();
+
+        if (!CollectionUtils.contains(args, SHORT_ARG)) {
+            pw.println();
+            pw.println("mNetworkRequestInfoLogs (most recent first):");
+            pw.increaseIndent();
+            mNetworkRequestInfoLogs.reverseDump(pw);
+            pw.decreaseIndent();
+
+            pw.println();
+            pw.println("mNetworkInfoBlockingLogs (most recent first):");
+            pw.increaseIndent();
+            mNetworkInfoBlockingLogs.reverseDump(pw);
+            pw.decreaseIndent();
+
+            pw.println();
+            pw.println("NetTransition WakeLock activity (most recent first):");
+            pw.increaseIndent();
+            pw.println("total acquisitions: " + mTotalWakelockAcquisitions);
+            pw.println("total releases: " + mTotalWakelockReleases);
+            pw.println("cumulative duration: " + (mTotalWakelockDurationMs / 1000) + "s");
+            pw.println("longest duration: " + (mMaxWakelockDurationMs / 1000) + "s");
+            if (mTotalWakelockAcquisitions > mTotalWakelockReleases) {
+                long duration = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - mLastWakeLockAcquireTimestamp;
+                pw.println("currently holding WakeLock for: " + (duration / 1000) + "s");
+            }
+            mWakelockLogs.reverseDump(pw);
+
+            pw.println();
+            pw.println("bandwidth update requests (by uid):");
+            pw.increaseIndent();
+            synchronized (mBandwidthRequests) {
+                for (int i = 0; i < mBandwidthRequests.size(); i++) {
+                    pw.println("[" + mBandwidthRequests.keyAt(i)
+                            + "]: " + mBandwidthRequests.valueAt(i));
+                }
+            }
+            pw.decreaseIndent();
+            pw.decreaseIndent();
+
+            pw.println();
+            pw.println("mOemNetworkPreferencesLogs (most recent first):");
+            pw.increaseIndent();
+            mOemNetworkPreferencesLogs.reverseDump(pw);
+            pw.decreaseIndent();
+        }
+
+        pw.println();
+
+        pw.println();
+        pw.println("Permission Monitor:");
+        pw.increaseIndent();
+        mPermissionMonitor.dump(pw);
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
+
+        pw.println();
+        pw.println("Legacy network activity:");
+        pw.increaseIndent();
+        mNetworkActivityTracker.dump(pw);
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
+    }
+
+    private void dumpNetworks(IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
+        for (NetworkAgentInfo nai : networksSortedById()) {
+            pw.println(nai.toString());
+            pw.increaseIndent();
+            pw.println(String.format(
+                    "Requests: REQUEST:%d LISTEN:%d BACKGROUND_REQUEST:%d total:%d",
+                    nai.numForegroundNetworkRequests(),
+                    nai.numNetworkRequests() - nai.numRequestNetworkRequests(),
+                    nai.numBackgroundNetworkRequests(),
+                    nai.numNetworkRequests()));
+            pw.increaseIndent();
+            for (int i = 0; i < nai.numNetworkRequests(); i++) {
+                pw.println(nai.requestAt(i).toString());
+            }
+            pw.decreaseIndent();
+            pw.println("Inactivity Timers:");
+            pw.increaseIndent();
+            nai.dumpInactivityTimers(pw);
+            pw.decreaseIndent();
+            pw.decreaseIndent();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void dumpNetworkPreferences(IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
+        if (!mProfileNetworkPreferences.isEmpty()) {
+            pw.println("Profile preferences:");
+            pw.increaseIndent();
+            pw.println(mProfileNetworkPreferences.preferences);
+            pw.decreaseIndent();
+        }
+        if (!mOemNetworkPreferences.isEmpty()) {
+            pw.println("OEM preferences:");
+            pw.increaseIndent();
+            pw.println(mOemNetworkPreferences);
+            pw.decreaseIndent();
+        }
+        if (!mMobileDataPreferredUids.isEmpty()) {
+            pw.println("Mobile data preferred UIDs:");
+            pw.increaseIndent();
+            pw.println(mMobileDataPreferredUids);
+            pw.decreaseIndent();
+        }
+
+        pw.println("Default requests:");
+        pw.increaseIndent();
+        dumpPerAppDefaultRequests(pw);
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
+    }
+
+    private void dumpPerAppDefaultRequests(IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
+        for (final NetworkRequestInfo defaultRequest : mDefaultNetworkRequests) {
+            if (mDefaultRequest == defaultRequest) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            final NetworkAgentInfo satisfier = defaultRequest.getSatisfier();
+            final String networkOutput;
+            if (null == satisfier) {
+                networkOutput = "null";
+            } else if (mNoServiceNetwork.equals(satisfier)) {
+                networkOutput = "no service network";
+            } else {
+                networkOutput = String.valueOf(satisfier.network.netId);
+            }
+            final String asUidString = (defaultRequest.mAsUid == defaultRequest.mUid)
+                    ? "" : " asUid: " + defaultRequest.mAsUid;
+            final String requestInfo = "Request: [uid/pid:" + defaultRequest.mUid + "/"
+                    + defaultRequest.mPid + asUidString + "]";
+            final String satisfierOutput = "Satisfier: [" + networkOutput + "]"
+                    + " Preference order: " + defaultRequest.mPreferenceOrder
+                    + " Tracked UIDs: " + defaultRequest.getUids();
+            pw.println(requestInfo + " - " + satisfierOutput);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void dumpNetworkRequests(IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
+        NetworkRequestInfo[] infos = null;
+        while (infos == null) {
+            try {
+                infos = requestsSortedById();
+            } catch (ConcurrentModificationException e) {
+                // mNetworkRequests should only be accessed from handler thread, except dump().
+                // As dump() is never called in normal usage, it would be needlessly expensive
+                // to lock the collection only for its benefit. Instead, retry getting the
+                // requests if ConcurrentModificationException is thrown during dump().
+            }
+        }
+        for (NetworkRequestInfo nri : infos) {
+            pw.println(nri.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void dumpTrafficController(IndentingPrintWriter pw, final FileDescriptor fd,
+            boolean verbose) {
+        try {
+            mBpfNetMaps.dump(fd, verbose);
+        } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            pw.println(e.getMessage());
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            loge("Dump BPF maps failed, " + e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void dumpAllRequestInfoLogsToLogcat() {
+        try (PrintWriter logPw = new PrintWriter(new Writer() {
+            @Override
+            public void write(final char[] cbuf, final int off, final int len) {
+                // This method is called with 0-length and 1-length arrays for empty strings
+                // or strings containing only the DEL character.
+                if (len <= 1) return;
+                Log.e(TAG, new String(cbuf, off, len));
+            }
+            @Override public void flush() {}
+            @Override public void close() {}
+        })) {
+            mNetworkRequestInfoLogs.dump(logPw);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return an array of all current NetworkAgentInfos sorted by network id.
+     */
+    private NetworkAgentInfo[] networksSortedById() {
+        NetworkAgentInfo[] networks = new NetworkAgentInfo[0];
+        networks = mNetworkAgentInfos.toArray(networks);
+        Arrays.sort(networks, Comparator.comparingInt(nai -> nai.network.getNetId()));
+        return networks;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return an array of all current NetworkRequest sorted by request id.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    NetworkRequestInfo[] requestsSortedById() {
+        NetworkRequestInfo[] requests = new NetworkRequestInfo[0];
+        requests = getNrisFromGlobalRequests().toArray(requests);
+        // Sort the array based off the NRI containing the min requestId in its requests.
+        Arrays.sort(requests,
+                Comparator.comparingInt(nri -> Collections.min(nri.mRequests,
+                        Comparator.comparingInt(req -> req.requestId)).requestId
+                )
+        );
+        return requests;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isLiveNetworkAgent(NetworkAgentInfo nai, int what) {
+        final NetworkAgentInfo officialNai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(nai.network);
+        if (officialNai != null && officialNai.equals(nai)) return true;
+        if (officialNai != null || VDBG) {
+            loge(eventName(what) + " - isLiveNetworkAgent found mismatched netId: " + officialNai +
+                " - " + nai);
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isDisconnectRequest(Message msg) {
+        if (msg.what != NetworkAgent.EVENT_NETWORK_INFO_CHANGED) return false;
+        final NetworkInfo info = (NetworkInfo) ((Pair) msg.obj).second;
+        return info.getState() == NetworkInfo.State.DISCONNECTED;
+    }
+
+    // must be stateless - things change under us.
+    private class NetworkStateTrackerHandler extends Handler {
+        public NetworkStateTrackerHandler(Looper looper) {
+            super(looper);
+        }
+
+        private void maybeHandleNetworkAgentMessage(Message msg) {
+            final Pair<NetworkAgentInfo, Object> arg = (Pair<NetworkAgentInfo, Object>) msg.obj;
+            final NetworkAgentInfo nai = arg.first;
+            if (!mNetworkAgentInfos.contains(nai)) {
+                if (VDBG) {
+                    log(String.format("%s from unknown NetworkAgent", eventName(msg.what)));
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // If the network has been destroyed, the only thing that it can do is disconnect.
+            if (nai.destroyed && !isDisconnectRequest(msg)) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            switch (msg.what) {
+                case NetworkAgent.EVENT_NETWORK_CAPABILITIES_CHANGED: {
+                    final NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities = new NetworkCapabilities(
+                            (NetworkCapabilities) arg.second);
+                    maybeUpdateWifiRoamTimestamp(nai, networkCapabilities);
+                    processCapabilitiesFromAgent(nai, networkCapabilities);
+                    updateCapabilities(nai.getCurrentScore(), nai, networkCapabilities);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case NetworkAgent.EVENT_NETWORK_PROPERTIES_CHANGED: {
+                    LinkProperties newLp = (LinkProperties) arg.second;
+                    processLinkPropertiesFromAgent(nai, newLp);
+                    handleUpdateLinkProperties(nai, newLp);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case NetworkAgent.EVENT_NETWORK_INFO_CHANGED: {
+                    NetworkInfo info = (NetworkInfo) arg.second;
+                    updateNetworkInfo(nai, info);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case NetworkAgent.EVENT_NETWORK_SCORE_CHANGED: {
+                    updateNetworkScore(nai, (NetworkScore) arg.second);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case NetworkAgent.EVENT_SET_EXPLICITLY_SELECTED: {
+                    if (nai.everConnected) {
+                        loge("ERROR: cannot call explicitlySelected on already-connected network");
+                        // Note that if the NAI had been connected, this would affect the
+                        // score, and therefore would require re-mixing the score and performing
+                        // a rematch.
+                    }
+                    nai.networkAgentConfig.explicitlySelected = toBool(msg.arg1);
+                    nai.networkAgentConfig.acceptUnvalidated = toBool(msg.arg1) && toBool(msg.arg2);
+                    // Mark the network as temporarily accepting partial connectivity so that it
+                    // will be validated (and possibly become default) even if it only provides
+                    // partial internet access. Note that if user connects to partial connectivity
+                    // and choose "don't ask again", then wifi disconnected by some reasons(maybe
+                    // out of wifi coverage) and if the same wifi is available again, the device
+                    // will auto connect to this wifi even though the wifi has "no internet".
+                    // TODO: Evaluate using a separate setting in IpMemoryStore.
+                    nai.networkAgentConfig.acceptPartialConnectivity = toBool(msg.arg2);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case NetworkAgent.EVENT_SOCKET_KEEPALIVE: {
+                    mKeepaliveTracker.handleEventSocketKeepalive(nai, msg.arg1, msg.arg2);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case NetworkAgent.EVENT_UNDERLYING_NETWORKS_CHANGED: {
+                    // TODO: prevent loops, e.g., if a network declares itself as underlying.
+                    final List<Network> underlying = (List<Network>) arg.second;
+
+                    if (isLegacyLockdownNai(nai)
+                            && (underlying == null || underlying.size() != 1)) {
+                        Log.wtf(TAG, "Legacy lockdown VPN " + nai.toShortString()
+                                + " must have exactly one underlying network: " + underlying);
+                    }
+
+                    final Network[] oldUnderlying = nai.declaredUnderlyingNetworks;
+                    nai.declaredUnderlyingNetworks = (underlying != null)
+                            ? underlying.toArray(new Network[0]) : null;
+
+                    if (!Arrays.equals(oldUnderlying, nai.declaredUnderlyingNetworks)) {
+                        if (DBG) {
+                            log(nai.toShortString() + " changed underlying networks to "
+                                    + Arrays.toString(nai.declaredUnderlyingNetworks));
+                        }
+                        updateCapabilitiesForNetwork(nai);
+                        notifyIfacesChangedForNetworkStats();
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                case NetworkAgent.EVENT_TEARDOWN_DELAY_CHANGED: {
+                    if (msg.arg1 >= 0 && msg.arg1 <= NetworkAgent.MAX_TEARDOWN_DELAY_MS) {
+                        nai.teardownDelayMs = msg.arg1;
+                    } else {
+                        logwtf(nai.toShortString() + " set invalid teardown delay " + msg.arg1);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                case NetworkAgent.EVENT_LINGER_DURATION_CHANGED: {
+                    nai.setLingerDuration((int) arg.second);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case NetworkAgent.EVENT_ADD_DSCP_POLICY: {
+                    DscpPolicy policy = (DscpPolicy) arg.second;
+                    if (mDscpPolicyTracker != null) {
+                        mDscpPolicyTracker.addDscpPolicy(nai, policy);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                case NetworkAgent.EVENT_REMOVE_DSCP_POLICY: {
+                    if (mDscpPolicyTracker != null) {
+                        mDscpPolicyTracker.removeDscpPolicy(nai, (int) arg.second);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                case NetworkAgent.EVENT_REMOVE_ALL_DSCP_POLICIES: {
+                    if (mDscpPolicyTracker != null) {
+                        mDscpPolicyTracker.removeAllDscpPolicies(nai);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                case NetworkAgent.EVENT_DESTROY_AND_AWAIT_REPLACEMENT: {
+                    // If nai is not yet created, or is already destroyed, ignore.
+                    if (!shouldDestroyNativeNetwork(nai)) break;
+
+                    final int timeoutMs = (int) arg.second;
+                    if (timeoutMs < 0 || timeoutMs > NetworkAgent.MAX_TEARDOWN_DELAY_MS) {
+                        Log.e(TAG, "Invalid network replacement timer " + timeoutMs
+                                + ", must be between 0 and " + NetworkAgent.MAX_TEARDOWN_DELAY_MS);
+                    }
+
+                    // Marking a network awaiting replacement is used to ensure that any requests
+                    // satisfied by the network do not switch to another network until a
+                    // replacement is available or the wait for a replacement times out.
+                    // If the network is inactive (i.e., nascent or lingering), then there are no
+                    // such requests, and there is no point keeping it. Just tear it down.
+                    // Note that setLingerDuration(0) cannot be used to do this because the network
+                    // could be nascent.
+                    nai.clearInactivityState();
+                    if (unneeded(nai, UnneededFor.TEARDOWN)) {
+                        Log.d(TAG, nai.toShortString()
+                                + " marked awaiting replacement is unneeded, tearing down instead");
+                        teardownUnneededNetwork(nai);
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    Log.d(TAG, "Marking " + nai.toShortString()
+                            + " destroyed, awaiting replacement within " + timeoutMs + "ms");
+                    destroyNativeNetwork(nai);
+
+                    // TODO: deduplicate this call with the one in disconnectAndDestroyNetwork.
+                    // This is not trivial because KeepaliveTracker#handleStartKeepalive does not
+                    // consider the fact that the network could already have disconnected or been
+                    // destroyed. Fix the code to send ERROR_INVALID_NETWORK when this happens
+                    // (taking care to ensure no dup'd FD leaks), then remove the code duplication
+                    // and move this code to a sensible location (destroyNativeNetwork perhaps?).
+                    mKeepaliveTracker.handleStopAllKeepalives(nai,
+                            SocketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_NETWORK);
+
+                    nai.updateScoreForNetworkAgentUpdate();
+                    // This rematch is almost certainly not going to result in any changes, because
+                    // the destroyed flag is only just above the "current satisfier wins"
+                    // tie-breaker. But technically anything that affects scoring should rematch.
+                    rematchAllNetworksAndRequests();
+                    mHandler.postDelayed(() -> nai.disconnect(), timeoutMs);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private boolean maybeHandleNetworkMonitorMessage(Message msg) {
+            final int netId = msg.arg2;
+            final NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetId(netId);
+            // If a network has already been destroyed, all NetworkMonitor updates are ignored.
+            if (nai != null && nai.destroyed) return true;
+            switch (msg.what) {
+                default:
+                    return false;
+                case EVENT_PROBE_STATUS_CHANGED: {
+                    if (nai == null) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    final int probesCompleted = ((Pair<Integer, Integer>) msg.obj).first;
+                    final int probesSucceeded = ((Pair<Integer, Integer>) msg.obj).second;
+                    final boolean probePrivateDnsCompleted =
+                            ((probesCompleted & NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_PRIVDNS) != 0);
+                    final boolean privateDnsBroken =
+                            ((probesSucceeded & NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_PRIVDNS) == 0);
+                    if (probePrivateDnsCompleted) {
+                        if (nai.networkCapabilities.isPrivateDnsBroken() != privateDnsBroken) {
+                            nai.networkCapabilities.setPrivateDnsBroken(privateDnsBroken);
+                            updateCapabilitiesForNetwork(nai);
+                        }
+                        // Only show the notification when the private DNS is broken and the
+                        // PRIVATE_DNS_BROKEN notification hasn't shown since last valid.
+                        if (privateDnsBroken && !nai.networkAgentConfig.hasShownBroken) {
+                            showNetworkNotification(nai, NotificationType.PRIVATE_DNS_BROKEN);
+                        }
+                        nai.networkAgentConfig.hasShownBroken = privateDnsBroken;
+                    } else if (nai.networkCapabilities.isPrivateDnsBroken()) {
+                        // If probePrivateDnsCompleted is false but nai.networkCapabilities says
+                        // private DNS is broken, it means this network is being reevaluated.
+                        // Either probing private DNS is not necessary any more or it hasn't been
+                        // done yet. In either case, the networkCapabilities should be updated to
+                        // reflect the new status.
+                        nai.networkCapabilities.setPrivateDnsBroken(false);
+                        updateCapabilitiesForNetwork(nai);
+                        nai.networkAgentConfig.hasShownBroken = false;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                case EVENT_NETWORK_TESTED: {
+                    final NetworkTestedResults results = (NetworkTestedResults) msg.obj;
+
+                    if (nai == null) break;
+
+                    handleNetworkTested(nai, results.mTestResult,
+                            (results.mRedirectUrl == null) ? "" : results.mRedirectUrl);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case EVENT_PROVISIONING_NOTIFICATION: {
+                    final boolean visible = toBool(msg.arg1);
+                    // If captive portal status has changed, update capabilities or disconnect.
+                    if (nai != null && (visible != nai.lastCaptivePortalDetected)) {
+                        nai.lastCaptivePortalDetected = visible;
+                        nai.everCaptivePortalDetected |= visible;
+                        if (nai.lastCaptivePortalDetected &&
+                                ConnectivitySettingsManager.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE_AVOID
+                                        == getCaptivePortalMode()) {
+                            if (DBG) log("Avoiding captive portal network: " + nai.toShortString());
+                            nai.onPreventAutomaticReconnect();
+                            teardownUnneededNetwork(nai);
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        updateCapabilitiesForNetwork(nai);
+                    }
+                    if (!visible) {
+                        // Only clear SIGN_IN and NETWORK_SWITCH notifications here, or else other
+                        // notifications belong to the same network may be cleared unexpectedly.
+                        mNotifier.clearNotification(netId, NotificationType.SIGN_IN);
+                        mNotifier.clearNotification(netId, NotificationType.NETWORK_SWITCH);
+                    } else {
+                        if (nai == null) {
+                            loge("EVENT_PROVISIONING_NOTIFICATION from unknown NetworkMonitor");
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        if (!nai.networkAgentConfig.provisioningNotificationDisabled) {
+                            mNotifier.showNotification(netId, NotificationType.SIGN_IN, nai, null,
+                                    (PendingIntent) msg.obj,
+                                    nai.networkAgentConfig.explicitlySelected);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                case EVENT_PRIVATE_DNS_CONFIG_RESOLVED: {
+                    if (nai == null) break;
+
+                    updatePrivateDns(nai, (PrivateDnsConfig) msg.obj);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case EVENT_CAPPORT_DATA_CHANGED: {
+                    if (nai == null) break;
+                    handleCapportApiDataUpdate(nai, (CaptivePortalData) msg.obj);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        private void handleNetworkTested(
+                @NonNull NetworkAgentInfo nai, int testResult, @NonNull String redirectUrl) {
+            final boolean valid = ((testResult & NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_VALID) != 0);
+            if (!valid && shouldIgnoreValidationFailureAfterRoam(nai)) {
+                // Assume the validation failure is due to a temporary failure after roaming
+                // and ignore it. NetworkMonitor will continue to retry validation. If it
+                // continues to fail after the block timeout expires, the network will be
+                // marked unvalidated. If it succeeds, then validation state will not change.
+                return;
+            }
+
+            final boolean wasValidated = nai.lastValidated;
+            final boolean wasDefault = isDefaultNetwork(nai);
+            final boolean wasPartial = nai.partialConnectivity;
+            nai.partialConnectivity = ((testResult & NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_PARTIAL) != 0);
+            final boolean partialConnectivityChanged =
+                    (wasPartial != nai.partialConnectivity);
+
+            if (DBG) {
+                final String logMsg = !TextUtils.isEmpty(redirectUrl)
+                        ? " with redirect to " + redirectUrl
+                        : "";
+                log(nai.toShortString() + " validation " + (valid ? "passed" : "failed") + logMsg);
+            }
+            if (valid != nai.lastValidated) {
+                final int oldScore = nai.getCurrentScore();
+                nai.lastValidated = valid;
+                nai.everValidated |= valid;
+                updateCapabilities(oldScore, nai, nai.networkCapabilities);
+                if (valid) {
+                    handleFreshlyValidatedNetwork(nai);
+                    // Clear NO_INTERNET, PRIVATE_DNS_BROKEN, PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY and
+                    // LOST_INTERNET notifications if network becomes valid.
+                    mNotifier.clearNotification(nai.network.getNetId(),
+                            NotificationType.NO_INTERNET);
+                    mNotifier.clearNotification(nai.network.getNetId(),
+                            NotificationType.LOST_INTERNET);
+                    mNotifier.clearNotification(nai.network.getNetId(),
+                            NotificationType.PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY);
+                    mNotifier.clearNotification(nai.network.getNetId(),
+                            NotificationType.PRIVATE_DNS_BROKEN);
+                    // If network becomes valid, the hasShownBroken should be reset for
+                    // that network so that the notification will be fired when the private
+                    // DNS is broken again.
+                    nai.networkAgentConfig.hasShownBroken = false;
+                }
+            } else if (partialConnectivityChanged) {
+                updateCapabilitiesForNetwork(nai);
+            }
+            updateInetCondition(nai);
+            // Let the NetworkAgent know the state of its network
+            // TODO: Evaluate to update partial connectivity to status to NetworkAgent.
+            nai.onValidationStatusChanged(
+                    valid ? NetworkAgent.VALID_NETWORK : NetworkAgent.INVALID_NETWORK,
+                    redirectUrl);
+
+            // If NetworkMonitor detects partial connectivity before
+            // EVENT_PROMPT_UNVALIDATED arrives, show the partial connectivity notification
+            // immediately. Re-notify partial connectivity silently if no internet
+            // notification already there.
+            if (!wasPartial && nai.partialConnectivity) {
+                // Remove delayed message if there is a pending message.
+                mHandler.removeMessages(EVENT_PROMPT_UNVALIDATED, nai.network);
+                handlePromptUnvalidated(nai.network);
+            }
+
+            if (wasValidated && !nai.lastValidated) {
+                handleNetworkUnvalidated(nai);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private int getCaptivePortalMode() {
+            return Settings.Global.getInt(mContext.getContentResolver(),
+                    ConnectivitySettingsManager.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE,
+                    ConnectivitySettingsManager.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE_PROMPT);
+        }
+
+        private boolean maybeHandleNetworkAgentInfoMessage(Message msg) {
+            switch (msg.what) {
+                default:
+                    return false;
+                case NetworkAgentInfo.EVENT_NETWORK_LINGER_COMPLETE: {
+                    NetworkAgentInfo nai = (NetworkAgentInfo) msg.obj;
+                    if (nai != null && isLiveNetworkAgent(nai, msg.what)) {
+                        handleLingerComplete(nai);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                case NetworkAgentInfo.EVENT_AGENT_REGISTERED: {
+                    handleNetworkAgentRegistered(msg);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case NetworkAgentInfo.EVENT_AGENT_DISCONNECTED: {
+                    handleNetworkAgentDisconnected(msg);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
+            if (!maybeHandleNetworkMonitorMessage(msg)
+                    && !maybeHandleNetworkAgentInfoMessage(msg)) {
+                maybeHandleNetworkAgentMessage(msg);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class NetworkMonitorCallbacks extends INetworkMonitorCallbacks.Stub {
+        private final int mNetId;
+        private final AutodestructReference<NetworkAgentInfo> mNai;
+
+        private NetworkMonitorCallbacks(NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+            mNetId = nai.network.getNetId();
+            mNai = new AutodestructReference<>(nai);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onNetworkMonitorCreated(INetworkMonitor networkMonitor) {
+            mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_REGISTER_NETWORK_AGENT,
+                    new Pair<>(mNai.getAndDestroy(), networkMonitor)));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void notifyNetworkTested(int testResult, @Nullable String redirectUrl) {
+            // Legacy version of notifyNetworkTestedWithExtras.
+            // Would only be called if the system has a NetworkStack module older than the
+            // framework, which does not happen in practice.
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "Deprecated notifyNetworkTested called: no action taken");
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void notifyNetworkTestedWithExtras(NetworkTestResultParcelable p) {
+            // Notify mTrackerHandler and mConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler of the event. Both use
+            // the same looper so messages will be processed in sequence.
+            final Message msg = mTrackerHandler.obtainMessage(
+                    EVENT_NETWORK_TESTED,
+                    0, mNetId,
+                    new NetworkTestedResults(
+                            mNetId, p.result, p.timestampMillis, p.redirectUrl));
+            mTrackerHandler.sendMessage(msg);
+
+            // Invoke ConnectivityReport generation for this Network test event.
+            final NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetId(mNetId);
+            if (nai == null) return;
+
+            // NetworkMonitor reports the network validation result as a bitmask while
+            // ConnectivityDiagnostics treats this value as an int. Convert the result to a single
+            // logical value for ConnectivityDiagnostics.
+            final int validationResult = networkMonitorValidationResultToConnDiagsValidationResult(
+                    p.result);
+
+            final PersistableBundle extras = new PersistableBundle();
+            extras.putInt(KEY_NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT, validationResult);
+            extras.putInt(KEY_NETWORK_PROBES_SUCCEEDED_BITMASK, p.probesSucceeded);
+            extras.putInt(KEY_NETWORK_PROBES_ATTEMPTED_BITMASK, p.probesAttempted);
+
+            ConnectivityReportEvent reportEvent =
+                    new ConnectivityReportEvent(p.timestampMillis, nai, extras);
+            final Message m = mConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler.obtainMessage(
+                    ConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler.CMD_SEND_CONNECTIVITY_REPORT, reportEvent);
+            mConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler.sendMessage(m);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void notifyPrivateDnsConfigResolved(PrivateDnsConfigParcel config) {
+            mTrackerHandler.sendMessage(mTrackerHandler.obtainMessage(
+                    EVENT_PRIVATE_DNS_CONFIG_RESOLVED,
+                    0, mNetId, PrivateDnsConfig.fromParcel(config)));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void notifyProbeStatusChanged(int probesCompleted, int probesSucceeded) {
+            mTrackerHandler.sendMessage(mTrackerHandler.obtainMessage(
+                    EVENT_PROBE_STATUS_CHANGED,
+                    0, mNetId, new Pair<>(probesCompleted, probesSucceeded)));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void notifyCaptivePortalDataChanged(CaptivePortalData data) {
+            mTrackerHandler.sendMessage(mTrackerHandler.obtainMessage(
+                    EVENT_CAPPORT_DATA_CHANGED,
+                    0, mNetId, data));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void showProvisioningNotification(String action, String packageName) {
+            final Intent intent = new Intent(action);
+            intent.setPackage(packageName);
+
+            final PendingIntent pendingIntent;
+            // Only the system server can register notifications with package "android"
+            final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+            try {
+                pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(
+                        mContext,
+                        0 /* requestCode */,
+                        intent,
+                        PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
+            } finally {
+                Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
+            }
+            mTrackerHandler.sendMessage(mTrackerHandler.obtainMessage(
+                    EVENT_PROVISIONING_NOTIFICATION, PROVISIONING_NOTIFICATION_SHOW,
+                    mNetId, pendingIntent));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void hideProvisioningNotification() {
+            mTrackerHandler.sendMessage(mTrackerHandler.obtainMessage(
+                    EVENT_PROVISIONING_NOTIFICATION, PROVISIONING_NOTIFICATION_HIDE, mNetId));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void notifyDataStallSuspected(DataStallReportParcelable p) {
+            ConnectivityService.this.notifyDataStallSuspected(p, mNetId);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int getInterfaceVersion() {
+            return this.VERSION;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String getInterfaceHash() {
+            return this.HASH;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts the given NetworkMonitor-specific validation result bitmask to a
+     * ConnectivityDiagnostics-specific validation result int.
+     */
+    private int networkMonitorValidationResultToConnDiagsValidationResult(int validationResult) {
+        if ((validationResult & NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_SKIPPED) != 0) {
+            return ConnectivityReport.NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_SKIPPED;
+        }
+        if ((validationResult & NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_VALID) == 0) {
+            return ConnectivityReport.NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_INVALID;
+        }
+        return (validationResult & NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_PARTIAL) != 0
+                ? ConnectivityReport.NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_PARTIALLY_VALID
+                : ConnectivityReport.NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_VALID;
+    }
+
+    private void notifyDataStallSuspected(DataStallReportParcelable p, int netId) {
+        log("Data stall detected with methods: " + p.detectionMethod);
+
+        final PersistableBundle extras = new PersistableBundle();
+        int detectionMethod = 0;
+        if (hasDataStallDetectionMethod(p, DETECTION_METHOD_DNS_EVENTS)) {
+            extras.putInt(KEY_DNS_CONSECUTIVE_TIMEOUTS, p.dnsConsecutiveTimeouts);
+            detectionMethod |= DETECTION_METHOD_DNS_EVENTS;
+        }
+        if (hasDataStallDetectionMethod(p, DETECTION_METHOD_TCP_METRICS)) {
+            extras.putInt(KEY_TCP_PACKET_FAIL_RATE, p.tcpPacketFailRate);
+            extras.putInt(KEY_TCP_METRICS_COLLECTION_PERIOD_MILLIS,
+                    p.tcpMetricsCollectionPeriodMillis);
+            detectionMethod |= DETECTION_METHOD_TCP_METRICS;
+        }
+
+        final Message msg = mConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler.obtainMessage(
+                ConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler.EVENT_DATA_STALL_SUSPECTED, detectionMethod, netId,
+                new Pair<>(p.timestampMillis, extras));
+
+        // NetworkStateTrackerHandler currently doesn't take any actions based on data
+        // stalls so send the message directly to ConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler and avoid
+        // the cost of going through two handlers.
+        mConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler.sendMessage(msg);
+    }
+
+    private boolean hasDataStallDetectionMethod(DataStallReportParcelable p, int detectionMethod) {
+        return (p.detectionMethod & detectionMethod) != 0;
+    }
+
+    private boolean networkRequiresPrivateDnsValidation(NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        return isPrivateDnsValidationRequired(nai.networkCapabilities);
+    }
+
+    private void handleFreshlyValidatedNetwork(NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        if (nai == null) return;
+        // If the Private DNS mode is opportunistic, reprogram the DNS servers
+        // in order to restart a validation pass from within netd.
+        final PrivateDnsConfig cfg = mDnsManager.getPrivateDnsConfig();
+        if (cfg.useTls && TextUtils.isEmpty(cfg.hostname)) {
+            updateDnses(nai.linkProperties, null, nai.network.getNetId());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void handlePrivateDnsSettingsChanged() {
+        final PrivateDnsConfig cfg = mDnsManager.getPrivateDnsConfig();
+
+        for (NetworkAgentInfo nai : mNetworkAgentInfos) {
+            handlePerNetworkPrivateDnsConfig(nai, cfg);
+            if (networkRequiresPrivateDnsValidation(nai)) {
+                handleUpdateLinkProperties(nai, new LinkProperties(nai.linkProperties));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void handlePerNetworkPrivateDnsConfig(NetworkAgentInfo nai, PrivateDnsConfig cfg) {
+        // Private DNS only ever applies to networks that might provide
+        // Internet access and therefore also require validation.
+        if (!networkRequiresPrivateDnsValidation(nai)) return;
+
+        // Notify the NetworkAgentInfo/NetworkMonitor in case NetworkMonitor needs to cancel or
+        // schedule DNS resolutions. If a DNS resolution is required the
+        // result will be sent back to us.
+        nai.networkMonitor().notifyPrivateDnsChanged(cfg.toParcel());
+
+        // With Private DNS bypass support, we can proceed to update the
+        // Private DNS config immediately, even if we're in strict mode
+        // and have not yet resolved the provider name into a set of IPs.
+        updatePrivateDns(nai, cfg);
+    }
+
+    private void updatePrivateDns(NetworkAgentInfo nai, PrivateDnsConfig newCfg) {
+        mDnsManager.updatePrivateDns(nai.network, newCfg);
+        updateDnses(nai.linkProperties, null, nai.network.getNetId());
+    }
+
+    private void handlePrivateDnsValidationUpdate(PrivateDnsValidationUpdate update) {
+        NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetId(update.netId);
+        if (nai == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        mDnsManager.updatePrivateDnsValidation(update);
+        handleUpdateLinkProperties(nai, new LinkProperties(nai.linkProperties));
+    }
+
+    private void handleNat64PrefixEvent(int netId, int operation, String prefixAddress,
+            int prefixLength) {
+        NetworkAgentInfo nai = mNetworkForNetId.get(netId);
+        if (nai == null) return;
+
+        log(String.format("NAT64 prefix changed on netId %d: operation=%d, %s/%d",
+                netId, operation, prefixAddress, prefixLength));
+
+        IpPrefix prefix = null;
+        if (operation == IDnsResolverUnsolicitedEventListener.PREFIX_OPERATION_ADDED) {
+            try {
+                prefix = new IpPrefix(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(prefixAddress),
+                        prefixLength);
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+                loge("Invalid NAT64 prefix " + prefixAddress + "/" + prefixLength);
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        nai.clatd.setNat64PrefixFromDns(prefix);
+        handleUpdateLinkProperties(nai, new LinkProperties(nai.linkProperties));
+    }
+
+    private void handleCapportApiDataUpdate(@NonNull final NetworkAgentInfo nai,
+            @Nullable final CaptivePortalData data) {
+        nai.capportApiData = data;
+        // CaptivePortalData will be merged into LinkProperties from NetworkAgentInfo
+        handleUpdateLinkProperties(nai, new LinkProperties(nai.linkProperties));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Updates the inactivity state from the network requests inside the NAI.
+     * @param nai the agent info to update
+     * @param now the timestamp of the event causing this update
+     * @return whether the network was inactive as a result of this update
+     */
+    private boolean updateInactivityState(@NonNull final NetworkAgentInfo nai, final long now) {
+        // 1. Update the inactivity timer. If it's changed, reschedule or cancel the alarm.
+        // 2. If the network was inactive and there are now requests, unset inactive.
+        // 3. If this network is unneeded (which implies it is not lingering), and there is at least
+        //    one lingered request, set inactive.
+        nai.updateInactivityTimer();
+        if (nai.isInactive() && nai.numForegroundNetworkRequests() > 0) {
+            if (DBG) log("Unsetting inactive " + nai.toShortString());
+            nai.unsetInactive();
+            logNetworkEvent(nai, NetworkEvent.NETWORK_UNLINGER);
+        } else if (unneeded(nai, UnneededFor.LINGER) && nai.getInactivityExpiry() > 0) {
+            if (DBG) {
+                final int lingerTime = (int) (nai.getInactivityExpiry() - now);
+                log("Setting inactive " + nai.toShortString() + " for " + lingerTime + "ms");
+            }
+            nai.setInactive();
+            logNetworkEvent(nai, NetworkEvent.NETWORK_LINGER);
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private void handleNetworkAgentRegistered(Message msg) {
+        final NetworkAgentInfo nai = (NetworkAgentInfo) msg.obj;
+        if (!mNetworkAgentInfos.contains(nai)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (msg.arg1 == NetworkAgentInfo.ARG_AGENT_SUCCESS) {
+            if (VDBG) log("NetworkAgent registered");
+        } else {
+            loge("Error connecting NetworkAgent");
+            mNetworkAgentInfos.remove(nai);
+            if (nai != null) {
+                final boolean wasDefault = isDefaultNetwork(nai);
+                synchronized (mNetworkForNetId) {
+                    mNetworkForNetId.remove(nai.network.getNetId());
+                }
+                mNetIdManager.releaseNetId(nai.network.getNetId());
+                // Just in case.
+                mLegacyTypeTracker.remove(nai, wasDefault);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static boolean shouldDestroyNativeNetwork(@NonNull NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        return nai.created && !nai.destroyed;
+    }
+
+    private boolean shouldIgnoreValidationFailureAfterRoam(NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        // T+ devices should use destroyAndAwaitReplacement.
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) return false;
+        final long blockTimeOut = Long.valueOf(mResources.get().getInteger(
+                R.integer.config_validationFailureAfterRoamIgnoreTimeMillis));
+        if (blockTimeOut <= MAX_VALIDATION_FAILURE_BLOCKING_TIME_MS
+                && blockTimeOut >= 0) {
+            final long currentTimeMs  = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
+            long timeSinceLastRoam = currentTimeMs - nai.lastRoamTimestamp;
+            if (timeSinceLastRoam <= blockTimeOut) {
+                log ("blocked because only " + timeSinceLastRoam + "ms after roam");
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private void handleNetworkAgentDisconnected(Message msg) {
+        NetworkAgentInfo nai = (NetworkAgentInfo) msg.obj;
+        disconnectAndDestroyNetwork(nai);
+    }
+
+    // Destroys a network, remove references to it from the internal state managed by
+    // ConnectivityService, free its interfaces and clean up.
+    // Must be called on the Handler thread.
+    private void disconnectAndDestroyNetwork(NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
+
+        if (!mNetworkAgentInfos.contains(nai)) return;
+
+        if (DBG) {
+            log(nai.toShortString() + " disconnected, was satisfying " + nai.numNetworkRequests());
+        }
+        // Clear all notifications of this network.
+        mNotifier.clearNotification(nai.network.getNetId());
+        // A network agent has disconnected.
+        // TODO - if we move the logic to the network agent (have them disconnect
+        // because they lost all their requests or because their score isn't good)
+        // then they would disconnect organically, report their new state and then
+        // disconnect the channel.
+        if (nai.networkInfo.isConnected()) {
+            nai.networkInfo.setDetailedState(NetworkInfo.DetailedState.DISCONNECTED,
+                    null, null);
+        }
+        final boolean wasDefault = isDefaultNetwork(nai);
+        if (wasDefault) {
+            mDefaultInetConditionPublished = 0;
+        }
+        notifyIfacesChangedForNetworkStats();
+        // TODO - we shouldn't send CALLBACK_LOST to requests that can be satisfied
+        // by other networks that are already connected. Perhaps that can be done by
+        // sending all CALLBACK_LOST messages (for requests, not listens) at the end
+        // of rematchAllNetworksAndRequests
+        notifyNetworkCallbacks(nai, ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_LOST);
+        mKeepaliveTracker.handleStopAllKeepalives(nai, SocketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_NETWORK);
+
+        mQosCallbackTracker.handleNetworkReleased(nai.network);
+        for (String iface : nai.linkProperties.getAllInterfaceNames()) {
+            // Disable wakeup packet monitoring for each interface.
+            wakeupModifyInterface(iface, nai.networkCapabilities, false);
+        }
+        nai.networkMonitor().notifyNetworkDisconnected();
+        mNetworkAgentInfos.remove(nai);
+        nai.clatd.update();
+        synchronized (mNetworkForNetId) {
+            // Remove the NetworkAgent, but don't mark the netId as
+            // available until we've told netd to delete it below.
+            mNetworkForNetId.remove(nai.network.getNetId());
+        }
+        propagateUnderlyingNetworkCapabilities(nai.network);
+        // Remove all previously satisfied requests.
+        for (int i = 0; i < nai.numNetworkRequests(); i++) {
+            final NetworkRequest request = nai.requestAt(i);
+            final NetworkRequestInfo nri = mNetworkRequests.get(request);
+            final NetworkAgentInfo currentNetwork = nri.getSatisfier();
+            if (currentNetwork != null
+                    && currentNetwork.network.getNetId() == nai.network.getNetId()) {
+                // uid rules for this network will be removed in destroyNativeNetwork(nai).
+                // TODO : setting the satisfier is in fact the job of the rematch. Teach the
+                // rematch not to keep disconnected agents instead of setting it here ; this
+                // will also allow removing updating the offers below.
+                nri.setSatisfier(null, null);
+                for (final NetworkOfferInfo noi : mNetworkOffers) {
+                    informOffer(nri, noi.offer, mNetworkRanker);
+                }
+
+                if (mDefaultRequest == nri) {
+                    // TODO : make battery stats aware that since 2013 multiple interfaces may be
+                    //  active at the same time. For now keep calling this with the default
+                    //  network, because while incorrect this is the closest to the old (also
+                    //  incorrect) behavior.
+                    mNetworkActivityTracker.updateDataActivityTracking(
+                            null /* newNetwork */, nai);
+                    ensureNetworkTransitionWakelock(nai.toShortString());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        nai.clearInactivityState();
+        // TODO: mLegacyTypeTracker.remove seems redundant given there's a full rematch right after.
+        //  Currently, deleting it breaks tests that check for the default network disconnecting.
+        //  Find out why, fix the rematch code, and delete this.
+        mLegacyTypeTracker.remove(nai, wasDefault);
+        rematchAllNetworksAndRequests();
+        mLingerMonitor.noteDisconnect(nai);
+
+        // Immediate teardown.
+        if (nai.teardownDelayMs == 0) {
+            destroyNetwork(nai);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Delayed teardown.
+        if (nai.created) {
+            try {
+                mNetd.networkSetPermissionForNetwork(nai.network.netId, INetd.PERMISSION_SYSTEM);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                Log.d(TAG, "Error marking network restricted during teardown: ", e);
+            }
+        }
+        mHandler.postDelayed(() -> destroyNetwork(nai), nai.teardownDelayMs);
+    }
+
+    private void destroyNetwork(NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        if (shouldDestroyNativeNetwork(nai)) {
+            // Tell netd to clean up the configuration for this network
+            // (routing rules, DNS, etc).
+            // This may be slow as it requires a lot of netd shelling out to ip and
+            // ip[6]tables to flush routes and remove the incoming packet mark rule, so do it
+            // after we've rematched networks with requests (which might change the default
+            // network or service a new request from an app), so network traffic isn't interrupted
+            // for an unnecessarily long time.
+            destroyNativeNetwork(nai);
+        }
+        if (!nai.created && !SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
+            // Backwards compatibility: send onNetworkDestroyed even if network was never created.
+            // This can never run if the code above runs because shouldDestroyNativeNetwork is
+            // false if the network was never created.
+            // TODO: delete when S is no longer supported.
+            nai.onNetworkDestroyed();
+        }
+        mNetIdManager.releaseNetId(nai.network.getNetId());
+    }
+
+    private boolean createNativeNetwork(@NonNull NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        try {
+            // This should never fail.  Specifying an already in use NetID will cause failure.
+            final NativeNetworkConfig config;
+            if (nai.isVPN()) {
+                if (getVpnType(nai) == VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_NONE) {
+                    Log.wtf(TAG, "Unable to get VPN type from network " + nai.toShortString());
+                    return false;
+                }
+                config = new NativeNetworkConfig(nai.network.getNetId(), NativeNetworkType.VIRTUAL,
+                        INetd.PERMISSION_NONE,
+                        (nai.networkAgentConfig == null || !nai.networkAgentConfig.allowBypass),
+                        getVpnType(nai), nai.networkAgentConfig.excludeLocalRouteVpn);
+            } else {
+                config = new NativeNetworkConfig(nai.network.getNetId(), NativeNetworkType.PHYSICAL,
+                        getNetworkPermission(nai.networkCapabilities), /*secure=*/ false,
+                        VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_NONE, /*excludeLocalRoutes=*/ false);
+            }
+            mNetd.networkCreate(config);
+            mDnsResolver.createNetworkCache(nai.network.getNetId());
+            mDnsManager.updateTransportsForNetwork(nai.network.getNetId(),
+                    nai.networkCapabilities.getTransportTypes());
+            return true;
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            loge("Error creating network " + nai.toShortString() + ": " + e.getMessage());
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void destroyNativeNetwork(@NonNull NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        try {
+            mNetd.networkDestroy(nai.network.getNetId());
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            loge("Exception destroying network(networkDestroy): " + e);
+        }
+        try {
+            mDnsResolver.destroyNetworkCache(nai.network.getNetId());
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            loge("Exception destroying network: " + e);
+        }
+        // TODO: defer calling this until the network is removed from mNetworkAgentInfos.
+        // Otherwise, a private DNS configuration update for a destroyed network, or one that never
+        // gets created, could add data to DnsManager data structures that will never get deleted.
+        mDnsManager.removeNetwork(nai.network);
+
+        // clean up tc police filters on interface.
+        if (nai.everConnected && canNetworkBeRateLimited(nai) && mIngressRateLimit >= 0) {
+            mDeps.disableIngressRateLimit(nai.linkProperties.getInterfaceName());
+        }
+
+        nai.destroyed = true;
+        nai.onNetworkDestroyed();
+    }
+
+    // If this method proves to be too slow then we can maintain a separate
+    // pendingIntent => NetworkRequestInfo map.
+    // This method assumes that every non-null PendingIntent maps to exactly 1 NetworkRequestInfo.
+    private NetworkRequestInfo findExistingNetworkRequestInfo(PendingIntent pendingIntent) {
+        for (Map.Entry<NetworkRequest, NetworkRequestInfo> entry : mNetworkRequests.entrySet()) {
+            PendingIntent existingPendingIntent = entry.getValue().mPendingIntent;
+            if (existingPendingIntent != null &&
+                    mDeps.intentFilterEquals(existingPendingIntent, pendingIntent)) {
+                return entry.getValue();
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private void checkNrisConsistency(final NetworkRequestInfo nri) {
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
+            for (final NetworkRequestInfo n : mNetworkRequests.values()) {
+                if (n.mBinder != null && n.mBinder == nri.mBinder) {
+                    // Temporary help to debug b/194394697 ; TODO : remove this function when the
+                    // bug is fixed.
+                    dumpAllRequestInfoLogsToLogcat();
+                    throw new IllegalStateException("This NRI is already registered. New : " + nri
+                            + ", existing : " + n);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean hasCarrierPrivilegeForNetworkCaps(final int callingUid,
+            @NonNull final NetworkCapabilities caps) {
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT() && mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator != null) {
+            return mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.hasCarrierPrivilegeForNetworkCapabilities(
+                    callingUid, caps);
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private void handleRegisterNetworkRequestWithIntent(@NonNull final Message msg) {
+        final NetworkRequestInfo nri = (NetworkRequestInfo) (msg.obj);
+        // handleRegisterNetworkRequestWithIntent() doesn't apply to multilayer requests.
+        ensureNotMultilayerRequest(nri, "handleRegisterNetworkRequestWithIntent");
+        final NetworkRequestInfo existingRequest =
+                findExistingNetworkRequestInfo(nri.mPendingIntent);
+        if (existingRequest != null) { // remove the existing request.
+            if (DBG) {
+                log("Replacing " + existingRequest.mRequests.get(0) + " with "
+                        + nri.mRequests.get(0) + " because their intents matched.");
+            }
+            handleReleaseNetworkRequest(existingRequest.mRequests.get(0), mDeps.getCallingUid(),
+                    /* callOnUnavailable */ false);
+        }
+        handleRegisterNetworkRequest(nri);
+    }
+
+    private void handleRegisterNetworkRequest(@NonNull final NetworkRequestInfo nri) {
+        handleRegisterNetworkRequests(Collections.singleton(nri));
+    }
+
+    private void handleRegisterNetworkRequests(@NonNull final Set<NetworkRequestInfo> nris) {
+        ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
+        NetworkRequest requestToBeReleased = null;
+        for (final NetworkRequestInfo nri : nris) {
+            mNetworkRequestInfoLogs.log("REGISTER " + nri);
+            checkNrisConsistency(nri);
+            for (final NetworkRequest req : nri.mRequests) {
+                mNetworkRequests.put(req, nri);
+                // TODO: Consider update signal strength for other types.
+                if (req.isListen()) {
+                    for (final NetworkAgentInfo network : mNetworkAgentInfos) {
+                        if (req.networkCapabilities.hasSignalStrength()
+                                && network.satisfiesImmutableCapabilitiesOf(req)) {
+                            updateSignalStrengthThresholds(network, "REGISTER", req);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                if (req.hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_CBS)) {
+                    if (!hasCarrierPrivilegeForNetworkCaps(nri.mUid, req.networkCapabilities)
+                            && !checkConnectivityRestrictedNetworksPermission(
+                                    nri.mPid, nri.mUid)) {
+                        requestToBeReleased = req;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // If this NRI has a satisfier already, it is replacing an older request that
+            // has been removed. Track it.
+            final NetworkRequest activeRequest = nri.getActiveRequest();
+            if (null != activeRequest) {
+                // If there is an active request, then for sure there is a satisfier.
+                nri.getSatisfier().addRequest(activeRequest);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (requestToBeReleased != null) {
+            releaseNetworkRequestAndCallOnUnavailable(requestToBeReleased);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (mFlags.noRematchAllRequestsOnRegister()) {
+            rematchNetworksAndRequests(nris);
+        } else {
+            rematchAllNetworksAndRequests();
+        }
+
+        // Requests that have not been matched to a network will not have been sent to the
+        // providers, because the old satisfier and the new satisfier are the same (null in this
+        // case). Send these requests to the providers.
+        for (final NetworkRequestInfo nri : nris) {
+            for (final NetworkOfferInfo noi : mNetworkOffers) {
+                informOffer(nri, noi.offer, mNetworkRanker);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void handleReleaseNetworkRequestWithIntent(@NonNull final PendingIntent pendingIntent,
+            final int callingUid) {
+        final NetworkRequestInfo nri = findExistingNetworkRequestInfo(pendingIntent);
+        if (nri != null) {
+            // handleReleaseNetworkRequestWithIntent() paths don't apply to multilayer requests.
+            ensureNotMultilayerRequest(nri, "handleReleaseNetworkRequestWithIntent");
+            handleReleaseNetworkRequest(
+                    nri.mRequests.get(0),
+                    callingUid,
+                    /* callOnUnavailable */ false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Determines whether the network is the best (or could become the best, if it validated), for
+    // none of a particular type of NetworkRequests. The type of NetworkRequests considered depends
+    // on the value of reason:
+    //
+    // - UnneededFor.TEARDOWN: non-listen NetworkRequests. If a network is unneeded for this reason,
+    //   then it should be torn down.
+    // - UnneededFor.LINGER: foreground NetworkRequests. If a network is unneeded for this reason,
+    //   then it should be lingered.
+    private boolean unneeded(NetworkAgentInfo nai, UnneededFor reason) {
+        ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
+
+        if (!nai.everConnected || nai.isVPN() || nai.isInactive()
+                || nai.getScore().getKeepConnectedReason() != NetworkScore.KEEP_CONNECTED_NONE) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        final int numRequests;
+        switch (reason) {
+            case TEARDOWN:
+                numRequests = nai.numRequestNetworkRequests();
+                break;
+            case LINGER:
+                numRequests = nai.numForegroundNetworkRequests();
+                break;
+            default:
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "Invalid reason. Cannot happen.");
+                return true;
+        }
+
+        if (numRequests > 0) return false;
+
+        for (NetworkRequestInfo nri : mNetworkRequests.values()) {
+            if (reason == UnneededFor.LINGER
+                    && !nri.isMultilayerRequest()
+                    && nri.mRequests.get(0).isBackgroundRequest()) {
+                // Background requests don't affect lingering.
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (isNetworkPotentialSatisfier(nai, nri)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isNetworkPotentialSatisfier(
+            @NonNull final NetworkAgentInfo candidate, @NonNull final NetworkRequestInfo nri) {
+        // listen requests won't keep up a network satisfying it. If this is not a multilayer
+        // request, return immediately. For multilayer requests, check to see if any of the
+        // multilayer requests may have a potential satisfier.
+        if (!nri.isMultilayerRequest() && (nri.mRequests.get(0).isListen()
+                || nri.mRequests.get(0).isListenForBest())) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        for (final NetworkRequest req : nri.mRequests) {
+            // This multilayer listen request is satisfied therefore no further requests need to be
+            // evaluated deeming this network not a potential satisfier.
+            if ((req.isListen() || req.isListenForBest()) && nri.getActiveRequest() == req) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            // As non-multilayer listen requests have already returned, the below would only happen
+            // for a multilayer request therefore continue to the next request if available.
+            if (req.isListen() || req.isListenForBest()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            // If this Network is already the highest scoring Network for a request, or if
+            // there is hope for it to become one if it validated, then it is needed.
+            if (candidate.satisfies(req)) {
+                // As soon as a network is found that satisfies a request, return. Specifically for
+                // multilayer requests, returning as soon as a NetworkAgentInfo satisfies a request
+                // is important so as to not evaluate lower priority requests further in
+                // nri.mRequests.
+                final NetworkAgentInfo champion = req.equals(nri.getActiveRequest())
+                        ? nri.getSatisfier() : null;
+                // Note that this catches two important cases:
+                // 1. Unvalidated cellular will not be reaped when unvalidated WiFi
+                //    is currently satisfying the request.  This is desirable when
+                //    cellular ends up validating but WiFi does not.
+                // 2. Unvalidated WiFi will not be reaped when validated cellular
+                //    is currently satisfying the request.  This is desirable when
+                //    WiFi ends up validating and out scoring cellular.
+                return mNetworkRanker.mightBeat(req, champion, candidate.getValidatedScoreable());
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private NetworkRequestInfo getNriForAppRequest(
+            NetworkRequest request, int callingUid, String requestedOperation) {
+        // Looking up the app passed param request in mRequests isn't possible since it may return
+        // null for a request managed by a per-app default. Therefore use getNriForAppRequest() to
+        // do the lookup since that will also find per-app default managed requests.
+        // Additionally, this lookup needs to be relatively fast (hence the lookup optimization)
+        // to avoid potential race conditions when validating a package->uid mapping when sending
+        // the callback on the very low-chance that an application shuts down prior to the callback
+        // being sent.
+        final NetworkRequestInfo nri = mNetworkRequests.get(request) != null
+                ? mNetworkRequests.get(request) : getNriForAppRequest(request);
+
+        if (nri != null) {
+            if (Process.SYSTEM_UID != callingUid && nri.mUid != callingUid) {
+                log(String.format("UID %d attempted to %s for unowned request %s",
+                        callingUid, requestedOperation, nri));
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return nri;
+    }
+
+    private void ensureNotMultilayerRequest(@NonNull final NetworkRequestInfo nri,
+            final String callingMethod) {
+        if (nri.isMultilayerRequest()) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    callingMethod + " does not support multilayer requests.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void handleTimedOutNetworkRequest(@NonNull final NetworkRequestInfo nri) {
+        ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
+        // handleTimedOutNetworkRequest() is part of the requestNetwork() flow which works off of a
+        // single NetworkRequest and thus does not apply to multilayer requests.
+        ensureNotMultilayerRequest(nri, "handleTimedOutNetworkRequest");
+        if (mNetworkRequests.get(nri.mRequests.get(0)) == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (nri.isBeingSatisfied()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (VDBG || (DBG && nri.mRequests.get(0).isRequest())) {
+            log("releasing " + nri.mRequests.get(0) + " (timeout)");
+        }
+        handleRemoveNetworkRequest(nri);
+        callCallbackForRequest(
+                nri, null, ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_UNAVAIL, 0);
+    }
+
+    private void handleReleaseNetworkRequest(@NonNull final NetworkRequest request,
+            final int callingUid,
+            final boolean callOnUnavailable) {
+        final NetworkRequestInfo nri =
+                getNriForAppRequest(request, callingUid, "release NetworkRequest");
+        if (nri == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (VDBG || (DBG && request.isRequest())) {
+            log("releasing " + request + " (release request)");
+        }
+        handleRemoveNetworkRequest(nri);
+        if (callOnUnavailable) {
+            callCallbackForRequest(nri, null, ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_UNAVAIL, 0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void handleRemoveNetworkRequest(@NonNull final NetworkRequestInfo nri) {
+        ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
+        for (final NetworkRequest req : nri.mRequests) {
+            if (null == mNetworkRequests.remove(req)) {
+                logw("Attempted removal of untracked request " + req + " for nri " + nri);
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (req.isListen()) {
+                removeListenRequestFromNetworks(req);
+            }
+        }
+        nri.unlinkDeathRecipient();
+        if (mDefaultNetworkRequests.remove(nri)) {
+            // If this request was one of the defaults, then the UID rules need to be updated
+            // WARNING : if the app(s) for which this network request is the default are doing
+            // traffic, this will kill their connected sockets, even if an equivalent request
+            // is going to be reinstated right away ; unconnected traffic will go on the default
+            // until the new default is set, which will happen very soon.
+            // TODO : The only way out of this is to diff old defaults and new defaults, and only
+            // remove ranges for those requests that won't have a replacement
+            final NetworkAgentInfo satisfier = nri.getSatisfier();
+            if (null != satisfier) {
+                try {
+                    mNetd.networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                            satisfier.network.getNetId(),
+                            toUidRangeStableParcels(nri.getUids()),
+                            nri.getPreferenceOrderForNetd()));
+                } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                    loge("Exception setting network preference default network", e);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        nri.decrementRequestCount();
+        mNetworkRequestInfoLogs.log("RELEASE " + nri);
+        checkNrisConsistency(nri);
+
+        if (null != nri.getActiveRequest()) {
+            if (!nri.getActiveRequest().isListen()) {
+                removeSatisfiedNetworkRequestFromNetwork(nri);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // For all outstanding offers, cancel any of the layers of this NRI that used to be
+        // needed for this offer.
+        for (final NetworkOfferInfo noi : mNetworkOffers) {
+            for (final NetworkRequest req : nri.mRequests) {
+                if (req.isRequest() && noi.offer.neededFor(req)) {
+                    noi.offer.onNetworkUnneeded(req);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void handleRemoveNetworkRequests(@NonNull final Set<NetworkRequestInfo> nris) {
+        for (final NetworkRequestInfo nri : nris) {
+            if (mDefaultRequest == nri) {
+                // Make sure we never remove the default request.
+                continue;
+            }
+            handleRemoveNetworkRequest(nri);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void removeListenRequestFromNetworks(@NonNull final NetworkRequest req) {
+        // listens don't have a singular affected Network. Check all networks to see
+        // if this listen request applies and remove it.
+        for (final NetworkAgentInfo nai : mNetworkAgentInfos) {
+            nai.removeRequest(req.requestId);
+            if (req.networkCapabilities.hasSignalStrength()
+                    && nai.satisfiesImmutableCapabilitiesOf(req)) {
+                updateSignalStrengthThresholds(nai, "RELEASE", req);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove a NetworkRequestInfo's satisfied request from its 'satisfier' (NetworkAgentInfo) and
+     * manage the necessary upkeep (linger, teardown networks, etc.) when doing so.
+     * @param nri the NetworkRequestInfo to disassociate from its current NetworkAgentInfo
+     */
+    private void removeSatisfiedNetworkRequestFromNetwork(@NonNull final NetworkRequestInfo nri) {
+        boolean wasKept = false;
+        final NetworkAgentInfo nai = nri.getSatisfier();
+        if (nai != null) {
+            final int requestLegacyType = nri.getActiveRequest().legacyType;
+            final boolean wasBackgroundNetwork = nai.isBackgroundNetwork();
+            nai.removeRequest(nri.getActiveRequest().requestId);
+            if (VDBG || DDBG) {
+                log(" Removing from current network " + nai.toShortString()
+                        + ", leaving " + nai.numNetworkRequests() + " requests.");
+            }
+            // If there are still lingered requests on this network, don't tear it down,
+            // but resume lingering instead.
+            final long now = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
+            if (updateInactivityState(nai, now)) {
+                notifyNetworkLosing(nai, now);
+            }
+            if (unneeded(nai, UnneededFor.TEARDOWN)) {
+                if (DBG) log("no live requests for " + nai.toShortString() + "; disconnecting");
+                teardownUnneededNetwork(nai);
+            } else {
+                wasKept = true;
+            }
+            if (!wasBackgroundNetwork && nai.isBackgroundNetwork()) {
+                // Went from foreground to background.
+                updateCapabilitiesForNetwork(nai);
+            }
+
+            // Maintain the illusion.  When this request arrived, we might have pretended
+            // that a network connected to serve it, even though the network was already
+            // connected.  Now that this request has gone away, we might have to pretend
+            // that the network disconnected.  LegacyTypeTracker will generate that
+            // phantom disconnect for this type.
+            if (requestLegacyType != TYPE_NONE) {
+                boolean doRemove = true;
+                if (wasKept) {
+                    // check if any of the remaining requests for this network are for the
+                    // same legacy type - if so, don't remove the nai
+                    for (int i = 0; i < nai.numNetworkRequests(); i++) {
+                        NetworkRequest otherRequest = nai.requestAt(i);
+                        if (otherRequest.legacyType == requestLegacyType
+                                && otherRequest.isRequest()) {
+                            if (DBG) log(" still have other legacy request - leaving");
+                            doRemove = false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (doRemove) {
+                    mLegacyTypeTracker.remove(requestLegacyType, nai, false);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private PerUidCounter getRequestCounter(NetworkRequestInfo nri) {
+        return checkAnyPermissionOf(
+                nri.mPid, nri.mUid, NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK)
+                ? mSystemNetworkRequestCounter : mNetworkRequestCounter;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setAcceptUnvalidated(Network network, boolean accept, boolean always) {
+        enforceNetworkStackSettingsOrSetup();
+        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_SET_ACCEPT_UNVALIDATED,
+                encodeBool(accept), encodeBool(always), network));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setAcceptPartialConnectivity(Network network, boolean accept, boolean always) {
+        enforceNetworkStackSettingsOrSetup();
+        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_SET_ACCEPT_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY,
+                encodeBool(accept), encodeBool(always), network));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setAvoidUnvalidated(Network network) {
+        enforceNetworkStackSettingsOrSetup();
+        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_SET_AVOID_UNVALIDATED, network));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setTestAllowBadWifiUntil(long timeMs) {
+        enforceSettingsPermission();
+        if (!Build.isDebuggable()) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Does not support in non-debuggable build");
+        }
+
+        if (timeMs > System.currentTimeMillis() + MAX_TEST_ALLOW_BAD_WIFI_UNTIL_MS) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("It should not exceed "
+                    + MAX_TEST_ALLOW_BAD_WIFI_UNTIL_MS + "ms from now");
+        }
+
+        mHandler.sendMessage(
+                mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_SET_TEST_ALLOW_BAD_WIFI_UNTIL, timeMs));
+    }
+
+    private void handleSetAcceptUnvalidated(Network network, boolean accept, boolean always) {
+        if (DBG) log("handleSetAcceptUnvalidated network=" + network +
+                " accept=" + accept + " always=" + always);
+
+        NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(network);
+        if (nai == null) {
+            // Nothing to do.
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (nai.everValidated) {
+            // The network validated while the dialog box was up. Take no action.
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (!nai.networkAgentConfig.explicitlySelected) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "BUG: setAcceptUnvalidated non non-explicitly selected network");
+        }
+
+        if (accept != nai.networkAgentConfig.acceptUnvalidated) {
+            nai.networkAgentConfig.acceptUnvalidated = accept;
+            // If network becomes partial connectivity and user already accepted to use this
+            // network, we should respect the user's option and don't need to popup the
+            // PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY notification to user again.
+            nai.networkAgentConfig.acceptPartialConnectivity = accept;
+            nai.updateScoreForNetworkAgentUpdate();
+            rematchAllNetworksAndRequests();
+        }
+
+        if (always) {
+            nai.onSaveAcceptUnvalidated(accept);
+        }
+
+        if (!accept) {
+            // Tell the NetworkAgent to not automatically reconnect to the network.
+            nai.onPreventAutomaticReconnect();
+            // Teardown the network.
+            teardownUnneededNetwork(nai);
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    private void handleSetAcceptPartialConnectivity(Network network, boolean accept,
+            boolean always) {
+        if (DBG) {
+            log("handleSetAcceptPartialConnectivity network=" + network + " accept=" + accept
+                    + " always=" + always);
+        }
+
+        final NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(network);
+        if (nai == null) {
+            // Nothing to do.
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (nai.lastValidated) {
+            // The network validated while the dialog box was up. Take no action.
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (accept != nai.networkAgentConfig.acceptPartialConnectivity) {
+            nai.networkAgentConfig.acceptPartialConnectivity = accept;
+        }
+
+        // TODO: Use the current design or save the user choice into IpMemoryStore.
+        if (always) {
+            nai.onSaveAcceptUnvalidated(accept);
+        }
+
+        if (!accept) {
+            // Tell the NetworkAgent to not automatically reconnect to the network.
+            nai.onPreventAutomaticReconnect();
+            // Tear down the network.
+            teardownUnneededNetwork(nai);
+        } else {
+            // Inform NetworkMonitor that partial connectivity is acceptable. This will likely
+            // result in a partial connectivity result which will be processed by
+            // maybeHandleNetworkMonitorMessage.
+            //
+            // TODO: NetworkMonitor does not refer to the "never ask again" bit. The bit is stored
+            // per network. Therefore, NetworkMonitor may still do https probe.
+            nai.networkMonitor().setAcceptPartialConnectivity();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void handleSetAvoidUnvalidated(Network network) {
+        NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(network);
+        if (nai == null || nai.lastValidated) {
+            // Nothing to do. The network either disconnected or revalidated.
+            return;
+        }
+        if (!nai.avoidUnvalidated) {
+            nai.avoidUnvalidated = true;
+            nai.updateScoreForNetworkAgentUpdate();
+            rematchAllNetworksAndRequests();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void scheduleUnvalidatedPrompt(NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        if (VDBG) log("scheduleUnvalidatedPrompt " + nai.network);
+        mHandler.sendMessageDelayed(
+                mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_PROMPT_UNVALIDATED, nai.network),
+                PROMPT_UNVALIDATED_DELAY_MS);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void startCaptivePortalApp(Network network) {
+        enforceNetworkStackOrSettingsPermission();
+        mHandler.post(() -> {
+            NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(network);
+            if (nai == null) return;
+            if (!nai.networkCapabilities.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL)) return;
+            nai.networkMonitor().launchCaptivePortalApp();
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * NetworkStack endpoint to start the captive portal app. The NetworkStack needs to use this
+     * endpoint as it does not have INTERACT_ACROSS_USERS_FULL itself.
+     * @param network Network on which the captive portal was detected.
+     * @param appExtras Bundle to use as intent extras for the captive portal application.
+     *                  Must be treated as opaque to avoid preventing the captive portal app to
+     *                  update its arguments.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void startCaptivePortalAppInternal(Network network, Bundle appExtras) {
+        mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+                "ConnectivityService");
+
+        final Intent appIntent = new Intent(ConnectivityManager.ACTION_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_SIGN_IN);
+        appIntent.putExtras(appExtras);
+        appIntent.putExtra(ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_CAPTIVE_PORTAL,
+                new CaptivePortal(new CaptivePortalImpl(network).asBinder()));
+        appIntent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_BROUGHT_TO_FRONT | Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
+
+        final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+        try {
+            mContext.startActivityAsUser(appIntent, UserHandle.CURRENT);
+        } finally {
+            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class CaptivePortalImpl extends ICaptivePortal.Stub {
+        private final Network mNetwork;
+
+        private CaptivePortalImpl(Network network) {
+            mNetwork = network;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void appResponse(final int response) {
+            if (response == CaptivePortal.APP_RETURN_WANTED_AS_IS) {
+                enforceSettingsPermission();
+            }
+
+            final NetworkMonitorManager nm = getNetworkMonitorManager(mNetwork);
+            if (nm == null) return;
+            nm.notifyCaptivePortalAppFinished(response);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void appRequest(final int request) {
+            final NetworkMonitorManager nm = getNetworkMonitorManager(mNetwork);
+            if (nm == null) return;
+
+            if (request == CaptivePortal.APP_REQUEST_REEVALUATION_REQUIRED) {
+                checkNetworkStackPermission();
+                nm.forceReevaluation(mDeps.getCallingUid());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Nullable
+        private NetworkMonitorManager getNetworkMonitorManager(final Network network) {
+            // getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork is thread-safe
+            final NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(network);
+            if (nai == null) return null;
+
+            // nai.networkMonitor() is thread-safe
+            return nai.networkMonitor();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public boolean avoidBadWifi() {
+        return mMultinetworkPolicyTracker.getAvoidBadWifi();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return whether the device should maintain continuous, working connectivity by switching away
+     * from WiFi networks having no connectivity.
+     * @see MultinetworkPolicyTracker#getAvoidBadWifi()
+     */
+    public boolean shouldAvoidBadWifi() {
+        if (!checkNetworkStackPermission()) {
+            throw new SecurityException("avoidBadWifi requires NETWORK_STACK permission");
+        }
+        return avoidBadWifi();
+    }
+
+    private void updateAvoidBadWifi() {
+        ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
+        // Agent info scores and offer scores depend on whether cells yields to bad wifi.
+        for (final NetworkAgentInfo nai : mNetworkAgentInfos) {
+            nai.updateScoreForNetworkAgentUpdate();
+        }
+        // UpdateOfferScore will update mNetworkOffers inline, so make a copy first.
+        final ArrayList<NetworkOfferInfo> offersToUpdate = new ArrayList<>(mNetworkOffers);
+        for (final NetworkOfferInfo noi : offersToUpdate) {
+            updateOfferScore(noi.offer);
+        }
+        rematchAllNetworksAndRequests();
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Evaluate whether this is of interest to other consumers of
+    // MultinetworkPolicyTracker and worth moving out of here.
+    private void dumpAvoidBadWifiSettings(IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
+        final boolean configRestrict = mMultinetworkPolicyTracker.configRestrictsAvoidBadWifi();
+        if (!configRestrict) {
+            pw.println("Bad Wi-Fi avoidance: unrestricted");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        pw.println("Bad Wi-Fi avoidance: " + avoidBadWifi());
+        pw.increaseIndent();
+        pw.println("Config restrict:   " + configRestrict);
+
+        final String value = mMultinetworkPolicyTracker.getAvoidBadWifiSetting();
+        String description;
+        // Can't use a switch statement because strings are legal case labels, but null is not.
+        if ("0".equals(value)) {
+            description = "get stuck";
+        } else if (value == null) {
+            description = "prompt";
+        } else if ("1".equals(value)) {
+            description = "avoid";
+        } else {
+            description = value + " (?)";
+        }
+        pw.println("User setting:      " + description);
+        pw.println("Network overrides:");
+        pw.increaseIndent();
+        for (NetworkAgentInfo nai : networksSortedById()) {
+            if (nai.avoidUnvalidated) {
+                pw.println(nai.toShortString());
+            }
+        }
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
+    }
+
+    // TODO: This method is copied from TetheringNotificationUpdater. Should have a utility class to
+    // unify the method.
+    private static @NonNull String getSettingsPackageName(@NonNull final PackageManager pm) {
+        final Intent settingsIntent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_SETTINGS);
+        final ComponentName settingsComponent = settingsIntent.resolveActivity(pm);
+        return settingsComponent != null
+                ? settingsComponent.getPackageName() : "com.android.settings";
+    }
+
+    private void showNetworkNotification(NetworkAgentInfo nai, NotificationType type) {
+        final String action;
+        final boolean highPriority;
+        switch (type) {
+            case NO_INTERNET:
+                action = ConnectivityManager.ACTION_PROMPT_UNVALIDATED;
+                // High priority because it is only displayed for explicitly selected networks.
+                highPriority = true;
+                break;
+            case PRIVATE_DNS_BROKEN:
+                action = Settings.ACTION_WIRELESS_SETTINGS;
+                // High priority because we should let user know why there is no internet.
+                highPriority = true;
+                break;
+            case LOST_INTERNET:
+                action = ConnectivityManager.ACTION_PROMPT_LOST_VALIDATION;
+                // High priority because it could help the user avoid unexpected data usage.
+                highPriority = true;
+                break;
+            case PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY:
+                action = ConnectivityManager.ACTION_PROMPT_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY;
+                // Don't bother the user with a high-priority notification if the network was not
+                // explicitly selected by the user.
+                highPriority = nai.networkAgentConfig.explicitlySelected;
+                break;
+            default:
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "Unknown notification type " + type);
+                return;
+        }
+
+        Intent intent = new Intent(action);
+        if (type != NotificationType.PRIVATE_DNS_BROKEN) {
+            intent.putExtra(ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_NETWORK, nai.network);
+            intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
+            // Some OEMs have their own Settings package. Thus, need to get the current using
+            // Settings package name instead of just use default name "com.android.settings".
+            final String settingsPkgName = getSettingsPackageName(mContext.getPackageManager());
+            intent.setClassName(settingsPkgName,
+                    settingsPkgName + ".wifi.WifiNoInternetDialog");
+        }
+
+        PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(
+                mContext.createContextAsUser(UserHandle.CURRENT, 0 /* flags */),
+                0 /* requestCode */,
+                intent,
+                PendingIntent.FLAG_CANCEL_CURRENT | PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
+
+        mNotifier.showNotification(
+                nai.network.getNetId(), type, nai, null, pendingIntent, highPriority);
+    }
+
+    private boolean shouldPromptUnvalidated(NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        // Don't prompt if the network is validated, and don't prompt on captive portals
+        // because we're already prompting the user to sign in.
+        if (nai.everValidated || nai.everCaptivePortalDetected) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // If a network has partial connectivity, always prompt unless the user has already accepted
+        // partial connectivity and selected don't ask again. This ensures that if the device
+        // automatically connects to a network that has partial Internet access, the user will
+        // always be able to use it, either because they've already chosen "don't ask again" or
+        // because we have prompt them.
+        if (nai.partialConnectivity && !nai.networkAgentConfig.acceptPartialConnectivity) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // If a network has no Internet access, only prompt if the network was explicitly selected
+        // and if the user has not already told us to use the network regardless of whether it
+        // validated or not.
+        if (nai.networkAgentConfig.explicitlySelected
+                && !nai.networkAgentConfig.acceptUnvalidated) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private void handlePromptUnvalidated(Network network) {
+        if (VDBG || DDBG) log("handlePromptUnvalidated " + network);
+        NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(network);
+
+        if (nai == null || !shouldPromptUnvalidated(nai)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Stop automatically reconnecting to this network in the future. Automatically connecting
+        // to a network that provides no or limited connectivity is not useful, because the user
+        // cannot use that network except through the notification shown by this method, and the
+        // notification is only shown if the network is explicitly selected by the user.
+        nai.onPreventAutomaticReconnect();
+
+        // TODO: Evaluate if it's needed to wait 8 seconds for triggering notification when
+        // NetworkMonitor detects the network is partial connectivity. Need to change the design to
+        // popup the notification immediately when the network is partial connectivity.
+        if (nai.partialConnectivity) {
+            showNetworkNotification(nai, NotificationType.PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY);
+        } else {
+            showNetworkNotification(nai, NotificationType.NO_INTERNET);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void handleNetworkUnvalidated(NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        NetworkCapabilities nc = nai.networkCapabilities;
+        if (DBG) log("handleNetworkUnvalidated " + nai.toShortString() + " cap=" + nc);
+
+        if (!nc.hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (mMultinetworkPolicyTracker.shouldNotifyWifiUnvalidated()) {
+            showNetworkNotification(nai, NotificationType.LOST_INTERNET);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getMultipathPreference(Network network) {
+        enforceAccessPermission();
+
+        NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(network);
+        if (nai != null && nai.networkCapabilities
+                .hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)) {
+            return ConnectivityManager.MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_UNMETERED;
+        }
+
+        final NetworkPolicyManager netPolicyManager =
+                 mContext.getSystemService(NetworkPolicyManager.class);
+
+        final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+        final int networkPreference;
+        try {
+            networkPreference = netPolicyManager.getMultipathPreference(network);
+        } finally {
+            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
+        }
+        if (networkPreference != 0) {
+            return networkPreference;
+        }
+        return mMultinetworkPolicyTracker.getMeteredMultipathPreference();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public NetworkRequest getDefaultRequest() {
+        return mDefaultRequest.mRequests.get(0);
+    }
+
+    private class InternalHandler extends Handler {
+        public InternalHandler(Looper looper) {
+            super(looper);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
+            switch (msg.what) {
+                case EVENT_EXPIRE_NET_TRANSITION_WAKELOCK:
+                case EVENT_CLEAR_NET_TRANSITION_WAKELOCK: {
+                    handleReleaseNetworkTransitionWakelock(msg.what);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case EVENT_APPLY_GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY: {
+                    mProxyTracker.loadDeprecatedGlobalHttpProxy();
+                    break;
+                }
+                case EVENT_PROXY_HAS_CHANGED: {
+                    final Pair<Network, ProxyInfo> arg = (Pair<Network, ProxyInfo>) msg.obj;
+                    handleApplyDefaultProxy(arg.second);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case EVENT_REGISTER_NETWORK_PROVIDER: {
+                    handleRegisterNetworkProvider((NetworkProviderInfo) msg.obj);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case EVENT_UNREGISTER_NETWORK_PROVIDER: {
+                    handleUnregisterNetworkProvider((Messenger) msg.obj);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case EVENT_REGISTER_NETWORK_OFFER: {
+                    handleRegisterNetworkOffer((NetworkOffer) msg.obj);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case EVENT_UNREGISTER_NETWORK_OFFER: {
+                    final NetworkOfferInfo offer =
+                            findNetworkOfferInfoByCallback((INetworkOfferCallback) msg.obj);
+                    if (null != offer) {
+                        handleUnregisterNetworkOffer(offer);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                case EVENT_REGISTER_NETWORK_AGENT: {
+                    final Pair<NetworkAgentInfo, INetworkMonitor> arg =
+                            (Pair<NetworkAgentInfo, INetworkMonitor>) msg.obj;
+                    handleRegisterNetworkAgent(arg.first, arg.second);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case EVENT_REGISTER_NETWORK_REQUEST:
+                case EVENT_REGISTER_NETWORK_LISTENER: {
+                    handleRegisterNetworkRequest((NetworkRequestInfo) msg.obj);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case EVENT_REGISTER_NETWORK_REQUEST_WITH_INTENT:
+                case EVENT_REGISTER_NETWORK_LISTENER_WITH_INTENT: {
+                    handleRegisterNetworkRequestWithIntent(msg);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case EVENT_TIMEOUT_NETWORK_REQUEST: {
+                    NetworkRequestInfo nri = (NetworkRequestInfo) msg.obj;
+                    handleTimedOutNetworkRequest(nri);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case EVENT_RELEASE_NETWORK_REQUEST_WITH_INTENT: {
+                    handleReleaseNetworkRequestWithIntent((PendingIntent) msg.obj, msg.arg1);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case EVENT_RELEASE_NETWORK_REQUEST: {
+                    handleReleaseNetworkRequest((NetworkRequest) msg.obj, msg.arg1,
+                            /* callOnUnavailable */ false);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case EVENT_RELEASE_NETWORK_REQUEST_AND_CALL_UNAVAILABLE: {
+                    handleReleaseNetworkRequest((NetworkRequest) msg.obj, msg.arg1,
+                            /* callOnUnavailable */ true);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case EVENT_SET_ACCEPT_UNVALIDATED: {
+                    Network network = (Network) msg.obj;
+                    handleSetAcceptUnvalidated(network, toBool(msg.arg1), toBool(msg.arg2));
+                    break;
+                }
+                case EVENT_SET_ACCEPT_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY: {
+                    Network network = (Network) msg.obj;
+                    handleSetAcceptPartialConnectivity(network, toBool(msg.arg1),
+                            toBool(msg.arg2));
+                    break;
+                }
+                case EVENT_SET_AVOID_UNVALIDATED: {
+                    handleSetAvoidUnvalidated((Network) msg.obj);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case EVENT_PROMPT_UNVALIDATED: {
+                    handlePromptUnvalidated((Network) msg.obj);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case EVENT_CONFIGURE_ALWAYS_ON_NETWORKS: {
+                    handleConfigureAlwaysOnNetworks();
+                    break;
+                }
+                // Sent by KeepaliveTracker to process an app request on the state machine thread.
+                case NetworkAgent.CMD_START_SOCKET_KEEPALIVE: {
+                    mKeepaliveTracker.handleStartKeepalive(msg);
+                    break;
+                }
+                // Sent by KeepaliveTracker to process an app request on the state machine thread.
+                case NetworkAgent.CMD_STOP_SOCKET_KEEPALIVE: {
+                    NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork((Network) msg.obj);
+                    int slot = msg.arg1;
+                    int reason = msg.arg2;
+                    mKeepaliveTracker.handleStopKeepalive(nai, slot, reason);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case EVENT_REPORT_NETWORK_CONNECTIVITY: {
+                    handleReportNetworkConnectivity((NetworkAgentInfo) msg.obj, msg.arg1,
+                            toBool(msg.arg2));
+                    break;
+                }
+                case EVENT_PRIVATE_DNS_SETTINGS_CHANGED:
+                    handlePrivateDnsSettingsChanged();
+                    break;
+                case EVENT_PRIVATE_DNS_VALIDATION_UPDATE:
+                    handlePrivateDnsValidationUpdate(
+                            (PrivateDnsValidationUpdate) msg.obj);
+                    break;
+                case EVENT_UID_BLOCKED_REASON_CHANGED:
+                    handleUidBlockedReasonChanged(msg.arg1, msg.arg2);
+                    break;
+                case EVENT_SET_REQUIRE_VPN_FOR_UIDS:
+                    handleSetRequireVpnForUids(toBool(msg.arg1), (UidRange[]) msg.obj);
+                    break;
+                case EVENT_SET_OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE: {
+                    final Pair<OemNetworkPreferences, IOnCompleteListener> arg =
+                            (Pair<OemNetworkPreferences, IOnCompleteListener>) msg.obj;
+                    handleSetOemNetworkPreference(arg.first, arg.second);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case EVENT_SET_PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE: {
+                    final Pair<List<ProfileNetworkPreferenceList.Preference>,
+                            IOnCompleteListener> arg =
+                            (Pair<List<ProfileNetworkPreferenceList.Preference>,
+                                    IOnCompleteListener>) msg.obj;
+                    handleSetProfileNetworkPreference(arg.first, arg.second);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case EVENT_REPORT_NETWORK_ACTIVITY:
+                    mNetworkActivityTracker.handleReportNetworkActivity();
+                    break;
+                case EVENT_MOBILE_DATA_PREFERRED_UIDS_CHANGED:
+                    handleMobileDataPreferredUidsChanged();
+                    break;
+                case EVENT_SET_TEST_ALLOW_BAD_WIFI_UNTIL:
+                    final long timeMs = ((Long) msg.obj).longValue();
+                    mMultinetworkPolicyTracker.setTestAllowBadWifiUntil(timeMs);
+                    break;
+                case EVENT_INGRESS_RATE_LIMIT_CHANGED:
+                    handleIngressRateLimitChanged();
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @Deprecated
+    public int getLastTetherError(String iface) {
+        final TetheringManager tm = (TetheringManager) mContext.getSystemService(
+                Context.TETHERING_SERVICE);
+        return tm.getLastTetherError(iface);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @Deprecated
+    public String[] getTetherableIfaces() {
+        final TetheringManager tm = (TetheringManager) mContext.getSystemService(
+                Context.TETHERING_SERVICE);
+        return tm.getTetherableIfaces();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @Deprecated
+    public String[] getTetheredIfaces() {
+        final TetheringManager tm = (TetheringManager) mContext.getSystemService(
+                Context.TETHERING_SERVICE);
+        return tm.getTetheredIfaces();
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    @Deprecated
+    public String[] getTetheringErroredIfaces() {
+        final TetheringManager tm = (TetheringManager) mContext.getSystemService(
+                Context.TETHERING_SERVICE);
+
+        return tm.getTetheringErroredIfaces();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @Deprecated
+    public String[] getTetherableUsbRegexs() {
+        final TetheringManager tm = (TetheringManager) mContext.getSystemService(
+                Context.TETHERING_SERVICE);
+
+        return tm.getTetherableUsbRegexs();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @Deprecated
+    public String[] getTetherableWifiRegexs() {
+        final TetheringManager tm = (TetheringManager) mContext.getSystemService(
+                Context.TETHERING_SERVICE);
+        return tm.getTetherableWifiRegexs();
+    }
+
+    // Called when we lose the default network and have no replacement yet.
+    // This will automatically be cleared after X seconds or a new default network
+    // becomes CONNECTED, whichever happens first.  The timer is started by the
+    // first caller and not restarted by subsequent callers.
+    private void ensureNetworkTransitionWakelock(String forWhom) {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            if (mNetTransitionWakeLock.isHeld()) {
+                return;
+            }
+            mNetTransitionWakeLock.acquire();
+            mLastWakeLockAcquireTimestamp = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
+            mTotalWakelockAcquisitions++;
+        }
+        mWakelockLogs.log("ACQUIRE for " + forWhom);
+        Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_EXPIRE_NET_TRANSITION_WAKELOCK);
+        final int lockTimeout = mResources.get().getInteger(
+                R.integer.config_networkTransitionTimeout);
+        mHandler.sendMessageDelayed(msg, lockTimeout);
+    }
+
+    // Called when we gain a new default network to release the network transition wakelock in a
+    // second, to allow a grace period for apps to reconnect over the new network. Pending expiry
+    // message is cancelled.
+    private void scheduleReleaseNetworkTransitionWakelock() {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            if (!mNetTransitionWakeLock.isHeld()) {
+                return; // expiry message released the lock first.
+            }
+        }
+        // Cancel self timeout on wakelock hold.
+        mHandler.removeMessages(EVENT_EXPIRE_NET_TRANSITION_WAKELOCK);
+        Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_CLEAR_NET_TRANSITION_WAKELOCK);
+        mHandler.sendMessageDelayed(msg, 1000);
+    }
+
+    // Called when either message of ensureNetworkTransitionWakelock or
+    // scheduleReleaseNetworkTransitionWakelock is processed.
+    private void handleReleaseNetworkTransitionWakelock(int eventId) {
+        String event = eventName(eventId);
+        synchronized (this) {
+            if (!mNetTransitionWakeLock.isHeld()) {
+                mWakelockLogs.log(String.format("RELEASE: already released (%s)", event));
+                Log.w(TAG, "expected Net Transition WakeLock to be held");
+                return;
+            }
+            mNetTransitionWakeLock.release();
+            long lockDuration = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - mLastWakeLockAcquireTimestamp;
+            mTotalWakelockDurationMs += lockDuration;
+            mMaxWakelockDurationMs = Math.max(mMaxWakelockDurationMs, lockDuration);
+            mTotalWakelockReleases++;
+        }
+        mWakelockLogs.log(String.format("RELEASE (%s)", event));
+    }
+
+    // 100 percent is full good, 0 is full bad.
+    @Override
+    public void reportInetCondition(int networkType, int percentage) {
+        NetworkAgentInfo nai = mLegacyTypeTracker.getNetworkForType(networkType);
+        if (nai == null) return;
+        reportNetworkConnectivity(nai.network, percentage > 50);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void reportNetworkConnectivity(Network network, boolean hasConnectivity) {
+        enforceAccessPermission();
+        enforceInternetPermission();
+        final int uid = mDeps.getCallingUid();
+        final int connectivityInfo = encodeBool(hasConnectivity);
+
+        final NetworkAgentInfo nai;
+        if (network == null) {
+            nai = getDefaultNetwork();
+        } else {
+            nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(network);
+        }
+
+        mHandler.sendMessage(
+                mHandler.obtainMessage(
+                        EVENT_REPORT_NETWORK_CONNECTIVITY, uid, connectivityInfo, nai));
+    }
+
+    private void handleReportNetworkConnectivity(
+            @Nullable NetworkAgentInfo nai, int uid, boolean hasConnectivity) {
+        if (nai == null
+                || nai != getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(nai.network)
+                || nai.networkInfo.getState() == NetworkInfo.State.DISCONNECTED) {
+            return;
+        }
+        // Revalidate if the app report does not match our current validated state.
+        if (hasConnectivity == nai.lastValidated) {
+            mConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler.sendMessage(
+                    mConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler.obtainMessage(
+                            ConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler.EVENT_NETWORK_CONNECTIVITY_REPORTED,
+                            new ReportedNetworkConnectivityInfo(
+                                    hasConnectivity, false /* isNetworkRevalidating */, uid, nai)));
+            return;
+        }
+        if (DBG) {
+            int netid = nai.network.getNetId();
+            log("reportNetworkConnectivity(" + netid + ", " + hasConnectivity + ") by " + uid);
+        }
+        // Validating a network that has not yet connected could result in a call to
+        // rematchNetworkAndRequests() which is not meant to work on such networks.
+        if (!nai.everConnected) {
+            return;
+        }
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = getNetworkCapabilitiesInternal(nai);
+        if (isNetworkWithCapabilitiesBlocked(nc, uid, false)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Send CONNECTIVITY_REPORTED event before re-validating the Network to force an ordering of
+        // ConnDiags events. This ensures that #onNetworkConnectivityReported() will be called
+        // before #onConnectivityReportAvailable(), which is called once Network evaluation is
+        // completed.
+        mConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler.sendMessage(
+                mConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler.obtainMessage(
+                        ConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler.EVENT_NETWORK_CONNECTIVITY_REPORTED,
+                        new ReportedNetworkConnectivityInfo(
+                                hasConnectivity, true /* isNetworkRevalidating */, uid, nai)));
+        nai.networkMonitor().forceReevaluation(uid);
+    }
+
+    // TODO: call into netd.
+    private boolean queryUserAccess(int uid, Network network) {
+        final NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(network);
+        if (nai == null) return false;
+
+        // Any UID can use its default network.
+        if (nai == getDefaultNetworkForUid(uid)) return true;
+
+        // Privileged apps can use any network.
+        if (mPermissionMonitor.hasRestrictedNetworksPermission(uid)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // An unprivileged UID can use a VPN iff the VPN applies to it.
+        if (nai.isVPN()) {
+            return nai.networkCapabilities.appliesToUid(uid);
+        }
+
+        // An unprivileged UID can bypass the VPN that applies to it only if it can protect its
+        // sockets, i.e., if it is the owner.
+        final NetworkAgentInfo vpn = getVpnForUid(uid);
+        if (vpn != null && !vpn.networkAgentConfig.allowBypass
+                && uid != vpn.networkCapabilities.getOwnerUid()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // The UID's permission must be at least sufficient for the network. Since the restricted
+        // permission was already checked above, that just leaves background networks.
+        if (!nai.networkCapabilities.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND)) {
+            return mPermissionMonitor.hasUseBackgroundNetworksPermission(uid);
+        }
+
+        // Unrestricted network. Anyone gets to use it.
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns information about the proxy a certain network is using. If given a null network, it
+     * it will return the proxy for the bound network for the caller app or the default proxy if
+     * none.
+     *
+     * @param network the network we want to get the proxy information for.
+     * @return Proxy information if a network has a proxy configured, or otherwise null.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public ProxyInfo getProxyForNetwork(Network network) {
+        final ProxyInfo globalProxy = mProxyTracker.getGlobalProxy();
+        if (globalProxy != null) return globalProxy;
+        if (network == null) {
+            // Get the network associated with the calling UID.
+            final Network activeNetwork = getActiveNetworkForUidInternal(mDeps.getCallingUid(),
+                    true);
+            if (activeNetwork == null) {
+                return null;
+            }
+            return getLinkPropertiesProxyInfo(activeNetwork);
+        } else if (mDeps.queryUserAccess(mDeps.getCallingUid(), network, this)) {
+            // Don't call getLinkProperties() as it requires ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE permission, which
+            // caller may not have.
+            return getLinkPropertiesProxyInfo(network);
+        }
+        // No proxy info available if the calling UID does not have network access.
+        return null;
+    }
+
+
+    private ProxyInfo getLinkPropertiesProxyInfo(Network network) {
+        final NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(network);
+        if (nai == null) return null;
+        synchronized (nai) {
+            final ProxyInfo linkHttpProxy = nai.linkProperties.getHttpProxy();
+            return linkHttpProxy == null ? null : new ProxyInfo(linkHttpProxy);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setGlobalProxy(@Nullable final ProxyInfo proxyProperties) {
+        PermissionUtils.enforceNetworkStackPermission(mContext);
+        mProxyTracker.setGlobalProxy(proxyProperties);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @Nullable
+    public ProxyInfo getGlobalProxy() {
+        return mProxyTracker.getGlobalProxy();
+    }
+
+    private void handleApplyDefaultProxy(ProxyInfo proxy) {
+        if (proxy != null && TextUtils.isEmpty(proxy.getHost())
+                && Uri.EMPTY.equals(proxy.getPacFileUrl())) {
+            proxy = null;
+        }
+        mProxyTracker.setDefaultProxy(proxy);
+    }
+
+    // If the proxy has changed from oldLp to newLp, resend proxy broadcast. This method gets called
+    // when any network changes proxy.
+    // TODO: Remove usage of broadcast extras as they are deprecated and not applicable in a
+    // multi-network world where an app might be bound to a non-default network.
+    private void updateProxy(LinkProperties newLp, LinkProperties oldLp) {
+        ProxyInfo newProxyInfo = newLp == null ? null : newLp.getHttpProxy();
+        ProxyInfo oldProxyInfo = oldLp == null ? null : oldLp.getHttpProxy();
+
+        if (!ProxyTracker.proxyInfoEqual(newProxyInfo, oldProxyInfo)) {
+            mProxyTracker.sendProxyBroadcast();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class SettingsObserver extends ContentObserver {
+        final private HashMap<Uri, Integer> mUriEventMap;
+        final private Context mContext;
+        final private Handler mHandler;
+
+        SettingsObserver(Context context, Handler handler) {
+            super(null);
+            mUriEventMap = new HashMap<>();
+            mContext = context;
+            mHandler = handler;
+        }
+
+        void observe(Uri uri, int what) {
+            mUriEventMap.put(uri, what);
+            final ContentResolver resolver = mContext.getContentResolver();
+            resolver.registerContentObserver(uri, false, this);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onChange(boolean selfChange) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "Should never be reached.");
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onChange(boolean selfChange, Uri uri) {
+            final Integer what = mUriEventMap.get(uri);
+            if (what != null) {
+                mHandler.obtainMessage(what).sendToTarget();
+            } else {
+                loge("No matching event to send for URI=" + uri);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void log(String s) {
+        Log.d(TAG, s);
+    }
+
+    private static void logw(String s) {
+        Log.w(TAG, s);
+    }
+
+    private static void logwtf(String s) {
+        Log.wtf(TAG, s);
+    }
+
+    private static void logwtf(String s, Throwable t) {
+        Log.wtf(TAG, s, t);
+    }
+
+    private static void loge(String s) {
+        Log.e(TAG, s);
+    }
+
+    private static void loge(String s, Throwable t) {
+        Log.e(TAG, s, t);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the information of all ongoing VPNs.
+     *
+     * <p>This method is used to update NetworkStatsService.
+     *
+     * <p>Must be called on the handler thread.
+     */
+    private UnderlyingNetworkInfo[] getAllVpnInfo() {
+        ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
+        if (mLockdownEnabled) {
+            return new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[0];
+        }
+        List<UnderlyingNetworkInfo> infoList = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (NetworkAgentInfo nai : mNetworkAgentInfos) {
+            UnderlyingNetworkInfo info = createVpnInfo(nai);
+            if (info != null) {
+                infoList.add(info);
+            }
+        }
+        return infoList.toArray(new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[infoList.size()]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return VPN information for accounting, or null if we can't retrieve all required
+     *         information, e.g underlying ifaces.
+     */
+    private UnderlyingNetworkInfo createVpnInfo(NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        Network[] underlyingNetworks = nai.declaredUnderlyingNetworks;
+        // see VpnService.setUnderlyingNetworks()'s javadoc about how to interpret
+        // the underlyingNetworks list.
+        // TODO: stop using propagateUnderlyingCapabilities here, for example, by always
+        // initializing NetworkAgentInfo#declaredUnderlyingNetworks to an empty array.
+        if (underlyingNetworks == null && nai.propagateUnderlyingCapabilities()) {
+            final NetworkAgentInfo defaultNai = getDefaultNetworkForUid(
+                    nai.networkCapabilities.getOwnerUid());
+            if (defaultNai != null) {
+                underlyingNetworks = new Network[] { defaultNai.network };
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(underlyingNetworks)) return null;
+
+        List<String> interfaces = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (Network network : underlyingNetworks) {
+            NetworkAgentInfo underlyingNai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(network);
+            if (underlyingNai == null) continue;
+            LinkProperties lp = underlyingNai.linkProperties;
+            for (String iface : lp.getAllInterfaceNames()) {
+                if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(iface)) {
+                    interfaces.add(iface);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (interfaces.isEmpty()) return null;
+
+        // Must be non-null or NetworkStatsService will crash.
+        // Cannot happen in production code because Vpn only registers the NetworkAgent after the
+        // tun or ipsec interface is created.
+        // TODO: Remove this check.
+        if (nai.linkProperties.getInterfaceName() == null) return null;
+
+        return new UnderlyingNetworkInfo(nai.networkCapabilities.getOwnerUid(),
+                nai.linkProperties.getInterfaceName(), interfaces);
+    }
+
+    // TODO This needs to be the default network that applies to the NAI.
+    private Network[] underlyingNetworksOrDefault(final int ownerUid,
+            Network[] underlyingNetworks) {
+        final Network defaultNetwork = getNetwork(getDefaultNetworkForUid(ownerUid));
+        if (underlyingNetworks == null && defaultNetwork != null) {
+            // null underlying networks means to track the default.
+            underlyingNetworks = new Network[] { defaultNetwork };
+        }
+        return underlyingNetworks;
+    }
+
+    // Returns true iff |network| is an underlying network of |nai|.
+    private boolean hasUnderlyingNetwork(NetworkAgentInfo nai, Network network) {
+        // TODO: support more than one level of underlying networks, either via a fixed-depth search
+        // (e.g., 2 levels of underlying networks), or via loop detection, or....
+        if (!nai.propagateUnderlyingCapabilities()) return false;
+        final Network[] underlying = underlyingNetworksOrDefault(
+                nai.networkCapabilities.getOwnerUid(), nai.declaredUnderlyingNetworks);
+        return CollectionUtils.contains(underlying, network);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Recompute the capabilities for any networks that had a specific network as underlying.
+     *
+     * When underlying networks change, such networks may have to update capabilities to reflect
+     * things like the metered bit, their transports, and so on. The capabilities are calculated
+     * immediately. This method runs on the ConnectivityService thread.
+     */
+    private void propagateUnderlyingNetworkCapabilities(Network updatedNetwork) {
+        ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
+        for (NetworkAgentInfo nai : mNetworkAgentInfos) {
+            if (updatedNetwork == null || hasUnderlyingNetwork(nai, updatedNetwork)) {
+                updateCapabilitiesForNetwork(nai);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean isUidBlockedByVpn(int uid, List<UidRange> blockedUidRanges) {
+        // Determine whether this UID is blocked because of always-on VPN lockdown. If a VPN applies
+        // to the UID, then the UID is not blocked because always-on VPN lockdown applies only when
+        // a VPN is not up.
+        final NetworkAgentInfo vpnNai = getVpnForUid(uid);
+        if (vpnNai != null && !vpnNai.networkAgentConfig.allowBypass) return false;
+        for (UidRange range : blockedUidRanges) {
+            if (range.contains(uid)) return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setRequireVpnForUids(boolean requireVpn, UidRange[] ranges) {
+        enforceNetworkStackOrSettingsPermission();
+        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_SET_REQUIRE_VPN_FOR_UIDS,
+                encodeBool(requireVpn), 0 /* arg2 */, ranges));
+    }
+
+    private void handleSetRequireVpnForUids(boolean requireVpn, UidRange[] ranges) {
+        if (DBG) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "Setting VPN " + (requireVpn ? "" : "not ") + "required for UIDs: "
+                    + Arrays.toString(ranges));
+        }
+        // Cannot use a Set since the list of UID ranges might contain duplicates.
+        final List<UidRange> newVpnBlockedUidRanges = new ArrayList(mVpnBlockedUidRanges);
+        for (int i = 0; i < ranges.length; i++) {
+            if (requireVpn) {
+                newVpnBlockedUidRanges.add(ranges[i]);
+            } else {
+                newVpnBlockedUidRanges.remove(ranges[i]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        try {
+            mNetd.networkRejectNonSecureVpn(requireVpn, toUidRangeStableParcels(ranges));
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "setRequireVpnForUids(" + requireVpn + ", "
+                    + Arrays.toString(ranges) + "): netd command failed: " + e);
+        }
+
+        for (final NetworkAgentInfo nai : mNetworkAgentInfos) {
+            final boolean curMetered = nai.networkCapabilities.isMetered();
+            maybeNotifyNetworkBlocked(nai, curMetered, curMetered,
+                    mVpnBlockedUidRanges, newVpnBlockedUidRanges);
+        }
+
+        mVpnBlockedUidRanges = newVpnBlockedUidRanges;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setLegacyLockdownVpnEnabled(boolean enabled) {
+        enforceNetworkStackOrSettingsPermission();
+        mHandler.post(() -> mLockdownEnabled = enabled);
+    }
+
+    private boolean isLegacyLockdownNai(NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        return mLockdownEnabled
+                && getVpnType(nai) == VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_LEGACY
+                && nai.networkCapabilities.appliesToUid(Process.FIRST_APPLICATION_UID);
+    }
+
+    private NetworkAgentInfo getLegacyLockdownNai() {
+        if (!mLockdownEnabled) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        // The legacy lockdown VPN always only applies to userId 0.
+        final NetworkAgentInfo nai = getVpnForUid(Process.FIRST_APPLICATION_UID);
+        if (nai == null || !isLegacyLockdownNai(nai)) return null;
+
+        // The legacy lockdown VPN must always have exactly one underlying network.
+        // This code may run on any thread and declaredUnderlyingNetworks may change, so store it in
+        // a local variable. There is no need to make a copy because its contents cannot change.
+        final Network[] underlying = nai.declaredUnderlyingNetworks;
+        if (underlying == null ||  underlying.length != 1) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        // The legacy lockdown VPN always uses the default network.
+        // If the VPN's underlying network is no longer the current default network, it means that
+        // the default network has just switched, and the VPN is about to disconnect.
+        // Report that the VPN is not connected, so the state of NetworkInfo objects overwritten
+        // by filterForLegacyLockdown will be set to CONNECTING and not CONNECTED.
+        final NetworkAgentInfo defaultNetwork = getDefaultNetwork();
+        if (defaultNetwork == null || !defaultNetwork.network.equals(underlying[0])) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return nai;
+    };
+
+    // TODO: move all callers to filterForLegacyLockdown and delete this method.
+    // This likely requires making sendLegacyNetworkBroadcast take a NetworkInfo object instead of
+    // just a DetailedState object.
+    private DetailedState getLegacyLockdownState(DetailedState origState) {
+        if (origState != DetailedState.CONNECTED) {
+            return origState;
+        }
+        return (mLockdownEnabled && getLegacyLockdownNai() == null)
+                ? DetailedState.CONNECTING
+                : DetailedState.CONNECTED;
+    }
+
+    private void filterForLegacyLockdown(NetworkInfo ni) {
+        if (!mLockdownEnabled || !ni.isConnected()) return;
+        // The legacy lockdown VPN replaces the state of every network in CONNECTED state with the
+        // state of its VPN. This is to ensure that when an underlying network connects, apps will
+        // not see a CONNECTIVITY_ACTION broadcast for a network in state CONNECTED until the VPN
+        // comes up, at which point there is a new CONNECTIVITY_ACTION broadcast for the underlying
+        // network, this time with a state of CONNECTED.
+        //
+        // Now that the legacy lockdown code lives in ConnectivityService, and no longer has access
+        // to the internal state of the Vpn object, always replace the state with CONNECTING. This
+        // is not too far off the truth, since an always-on VPN, when not connected, is always
+        // trying to reconnect.
+        if (getLegacyLockdownNai() == null) {
+            ni.setDetailedState(DetailedState.CONNECTING, "", null);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setProvisioningNotificationVisible(boolean visible, int networkType,
+            String action) {
+        enforceSettingsPermission();
+        if (!ConnectivityManager.isNetworkTypeValid(networkType)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+        try {
+            // Concatenate the range of types onto the range of NetIDs.
+            int id = NetIdManager.MAX_NET_ID + 1 + (networkType - ConnectivityManager.TYPE_NONE);
+            mNotifier.setProvNotificationVisible(visible, id, action);
+        } finally {
+            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(ident);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setAirplaneMode(boolean enable) {
+        enforceAirplaneModePermission();
+        final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+        try {
+            final ContentResolver cr = mContext.getContentResolver();
+            Settings.Global.putInt(cr, Settings.Global.AIRPLANE_MODE_ON, encodeBool(enable));
+            Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_AIRPLANE_MODE_CHANGED);
+            intent.putExtra("state", enable);
+            mContext.sendBroadcastAsUser(intent, UserHandle.ALL);
+        } finally {
+            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(ident);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void onUserAdded(@NonNull final UserHandle user) {
+        mPermissionMonitor.onUserAdded(user);
+        if (mOemNetworkPreferences.getNetworkPreferences().size() > 0) {
+            handleSetOemNetworkPreference(mOemNetworkPreferences, null);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void onUserRemoved(@NonNull final UserHandle user) {
+        mPermissionMonitor.onUserRemoved(user);
+        // If there was a network preference for this user, remove it.
+        handleSetProfileNetworkPreference(
+                List.of(new ProfileNetworkPreferenceList.Preference(user, null, true)),
+                null /* listener */);
+        if (mOemNetworkPreferences.getNetworkPreferences().size() > 0) {
+            handleSetOemNetworkPreference(mOemNetworkPreferences, null);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void onPackageChanged(@NonNull final String packageName) {
+        // This is necessary in case a package is added or removed, but also when it's replaced to
+        // run as a new UID by its manifest rules. Also, if a separate package shares the same UID
+        // as one in the preferences, then it should follow the same routing as that other package,
+        // which means updating the rules is never to be needed in this case (whether it joins or
+        // leaves a UID with a preference).
+        if (isMappedInOemNetworkPreference(packageName)) {
+            handleSetOemNetworkPreference(mOemNetworkPreferences, null);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private final BroadcastReceiver mUserIntentReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
+        @Override
+        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+            ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
+            final String action = intent.getAction();
+            final UserHandle user = intent.getParcelableExtra(Intent.EXTRA_USER);
+
+            // User should be filled for below intents, check the existence.
+            if (user == null) {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, intent.getAction() + " broadcast without EXTRA_USER");
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (Intent.ACTION_USER_ADDED.equals(action)) {
+                onUserAdded(user);
+            } else if (Intent.ACTION_USER_REMOVED.equals(action)) {
+                onUserRemoved(user);
+            }  else {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "received unexpected intent: " + action);
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    private final BroadcastReceiver mPackageIntentReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
+        @Override
+        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+            ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
+            switch (intent.getAction()) {
+                case Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED:
+                case Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_REMOVED:
+                case Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_REPLACED:
+                    onPackageChanged(intent.getData().getSchemeSpecificPart());
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    Log.wtf(TAG, "received unexpected intent: " + intent.getAction());
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    private final HashMap<Messenger, NetworkProviderInfo> mNetworkProviderInfos = new HashMap<>();
+    private final HashMap<NetworkRequest, NetworkRequestInfo> mNetworkRequests = new HashMap<>();
+
+    private static class NetworkProviderInfo {
+        public final String name;
+        public final Messenger messenger;
+        private final IBinder.DeathRecipient mDeathRecipient;
+        public final int providerId;
+
+        NetworkProviderInfo(String name, Messenger messenger, int providerId,
+                @NonNull IBinder.DeathRecipient deathRecipient) {
+            this.name = name;
+            this.messenger = messenger;
+            this.providerId = providerId;
+            mDeathRecipient = deathRecipient;
+
+            if (mDeathRecipient == null) {
+                throw new AssertionError("Must pass a deathRecipient");
+            }
+        }
+
+        void connect(Context context, Handler handler) {
+            try {
+                messenger.getBinder().linkToDeath(mDeathRecipient, 0);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                mDeathRecipient.binderDied();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void ensureAllNetworkRequestsHaveType(List<NetworkRequest> requests) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < requests.size(); i++) {
+            ensureNetworkRequestHasType(requests.get(i));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void ensureNetworkRequestHasType(NetworkRequest request) {
+        if (request.type == NetworkRequest.Type.NONE) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "All NetworkRequests in ConnectivityService must have a type");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tracks info about the requester.
+     * Also used to notice when the calling process dies so as to self-expire
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected class NetworkRequestInfo implements IBinder.DeathRecipient {
+        // The requests to be satisfied in priority order. Non-multilayer requests will only have a
+        // single NetworkRequest in mRequests.
+        final List<NetworkRequest> mRequests;
+
+        // mSatisfier and mActiveRequest rely on one another therefore set them together.
+        void setSatisfier(
+                @Nullable final NetworkAgentInfo satisfier,
+                @Nullable final NetworkRequest activeRequest) {
+            mSatisfier = satisfier;
+            mActiveRequest = activeRequest;
+        }
+
+        // The network currently satisfying this NRI. Only one request in an NRI can have a
+        // satisfier. For non-multilayer requests, only non-listen requests can have a satisfier.
+        @Nullable
+        private NetworkAgentInfo mSatisfier;
+        NetworkAgentInfo getSatisfier() {
+            return mSatisfier;
+        }
+
+        // The request in mRequests assigned to a network agent. This is null if none of the
+        // requests in mRequests can be satisfied. This member has the constraint of only being
+        // accessible on the handler thread.
+        @Nullable
+        private NetworkRequest mActiveRequest;
+        NetworkRequest getActiveRequest() {
+            return mActiveRequest;
+        }
+
+        final PendingIntent mPendingIntent;
+        boolean mPendingIntentSent;
+        @Nullable
+        final Messenger mMessenger;
+
+        // Information about the caller that caused this object to be created.
+        @Nullable
+        private final IBinder mBinder;
+        final int mPid;
+        final int mUid;
+        final @NetworkCallback.Flag int mCallbackFlags;
+        @Nullable
+        final String mCallingAttributionTag;
+
+        // Counter keeping track of this NRI.
+        final PerUidCounter mPerUidCounter;
+
+        // Effective UID of this request. This is different from mUid when a privileged process
+        // files a request on behalf of another UID. This UID is used to determine blocked status,
+        // UID matching, and so on. mUid above is used for permission checks and to enforce the
+        // maximum limit of registered callbacks per UID.
+        final int mAsUid;
+
+        // Preference order of this request.
+        final int mPreferenceOrder;
+
+        // In order to preserve the mapping of NetworkRequest-to-callback when apps register
+        // callbacks using a returned NetworkRequest, the original NetworkRequest needs to be
+        // maintained for keying off of. This is only a concern when the original nri
+        // mNetworkRequests changes which happens currently for apps that register callbacks to
+        // track the default network. In those cases, the nri is updated to have mNetworkRequests
+        // that match the per-app default nri that currently tracks the calling app's uid so that
+        // callbacks are fired at the appropriate time. When the callbacks fire,
+        // mNetworkRequestForCallback will be used so as to preserve the caller's mapping. When
+        // callbacks are updated to key off of an nri vs NetworkRequest, this stops being an issue.
+        // TODO b/177608132: make sure callbacks are indexed by NRIs and not NetworkRequest objects.
+        @NonNull
+        private final NetworkRequest mNetworkRequestForCallback;
+        NetworkRequest getNetworkRequestForCallback() {
+            return mNetworkRequestForCallback;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Get the list of UIDs this nri applies to.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        Set<UidRange> getUids() {
+            // networkCapabilities.getUids() returns a defensive copy.
+            // multilayer requests will all have the same uids so return the first one.
+            final Set<UidRange> uids = mRequests.get(0).networkCapabilities.getUidRanges();
+            return (null == uids) ? new ArraySet<>() : uids;
+        }
+
+        NetworkRequestInfo(int asUid, @NonNull final NetworkRequest r,
+                @Nullable final PendingIntent pi, @Nullable String callingAttributionTag) {
+            this(asUid, Collections.singletonList(r), r, pi, callingAttributionTag,
+                    PREFERENCE_ORDER_INVALID);
+        }
+
+        NetworkRequestInfo(int asUid, @NonNull final List<NetworkRequest> r,
+                @NonNull final NetworkRequest requestForCallback, @Nullable final PendingIntent pi,
+                @Nullable String callingAttributionTag, final int preferenceOrder) {
+            ensureAllNetworkRequestsHaveType(r);
+            mRequests = initializeRequests(r);
+            mNetworkRequestForCallback = requestForCallback;
+            mPendingIntent = pi;
+            mMessenger = null;
+            mBinder = null;
+            mPid = getCallingPid();
+            mUid = mDeps.getCallingUid();
+            mAsUid = asUid;
+            mPerUidCounter = getRequestCounter(this);
+            mPerUidCounter.incrementCountOrThrow(mUid);
+            /**
+             * Location sensitive data not included in pending intent. Only included in
+             * {@link NetworkCallback}.
+             */
+            mCallbackFlags = NetworkCallback.FLAG_NONE;
+            mCallingAttributionTag = callingAttributionTag;
+            mPreferenceOrder = preferenceOrder;
+        }
+
+        NetworkRequestInfo(int asUid, @NonNull final NetworkRequest r, @Nullable final Messenger m,
+                @Nullable final IBinder binder,
+                @NetworkCallback.Flag int callbackFlags,
+                @Nullable String callingAttributionTag) {
+            this(asUid, Collections.singletonList(r), r, m, binder, callbackFlags,
+                    callingAttributionTag);
+        }
+
+        NetworkRequestInfo(int asUid, @NonNull final List<NetworkRequest> r,
+                @NonNull final NetworkRequest requestForCallback, @Nullable final Messenger m,
+                @Nullable final IBinder binder,
+                @NetworkCallback.Flag int callbackFlags,
+                @Nullable String callingAttributionTag) {
+            super();
+            ensureAllNetworkRequestsHaveType(r);
+            mRequests = initializeRequests(r);
+            mNetworkRequestForCallback = requestForCallback;
+            mMessenger = m;
+            mBinder = binder;
+            mPid = getCallingPid();
+            mUid = mDeps.getCallingUid();
+            mAsUid = asUid;
+            mPendingIntent = null;
+            mPerUidCounter = getRequestCounter(this);
+            mPerUidCounter.incrementCountOrThrow(mUid);
+            mCallbackFlags = callbackFlags;
+            mCallingAttributionTag = callingAttributionTag;
+            mPreferenceOrder = PREFERENCE_ORDER_INVALID;
+            linkDeathRecipient();
+        }
+
+        NetworkRequestInfo(@NonNull final NetworkRequestInfo nri,
+                @NonNull final List<NetworkRequest> r) {
+            super();
+            ensureAllNetworkRequestsHaveType(r);
+            mRequests = initializeRequests(r);
+            mNetworkRequestForCallback = nri.getNetworkRequestForCallback();
+            final NetworkAgentInfo satisfier = nri.getSatisfier();
+            if (null != satisfier) {
+                // If the old NRI was satisfied by an NAI, then it may have had an active request.
+                // The active request is necessary to figure out what callbacks to send, in
+                // particular then a network updates its capabilities.
+                // As this code creates a new NRI with a new set of requests, figure out which of
+                // the list of requests should be the active request. It is always the first
+                // request of the list that can be satisfied by the satisfier since the order of
+                // requests is a priority order.
+                // Note even in the presence of a satisfier there may not be an active request,
+                // when the satisfier is the no-service network.
+                NetworkRequest activeRequest = null;
+                for (final NetworkRequest candidate : r) {
+                    if (candidate.canBeSatisfiedBy(satisfier.networkCapabilities)) {
+                        activeRequest = candidate;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                setSatisfier(satisfier, activeRequest);
+            }
+            mMessenger = nri.mMessenger;
+            mBinder = nri.mBinder;
+            mPid = nri.mPid;
+            mUid = nri.mUid;
+            mAsUid = nri.mAsUid;
+            mPendingIntent = nri.mPendingIntent;
+            mPerUidCounter = nri.mPerUidCounter;
+            mPerUidCounter.incrementCountOrThrow(mUid);
+            mCallbackFlags = nri.mCallbackFlags;
+            mCallingAttributionTag = nri.mCallingAttributionTag;
+            mPreferenceOrder = PREFERENCE_ORDER_INVALID;
+            linkDeathRecipient();
+        }
+
+        NetworkRequestInfo(int asUid, @NonNull final NetworkRequest r) {
+            this(asUid, Collections.singletonList(r), PREFERENCE_ORDER_INVALID);
+        }
+
+        NetworkRequestInfo(int asUid, @NonNull final List<NetworkRequest> r,
+                final int preferenceOrder) {
+            this(asUid, r, r.get(0), null /* pi */, null /* callingAttributionTag */,
+                    preferenceOrder);
+        }
+
+        // True if this NRI is being satisfied. It also accounts for if the nri has its satisifer
+        // set to the mNoServiceNetwork in which case mActiveRequest will be null thus returning
+        // false.
+        boolean isBeingSatisfied() {
+            return (null != mSatisfier && null != mActiveRequest);
+        }
+
+        boolean isMultilayerRequest() {
+            return mRequests.size() > 1;
+        }
+
+        private List<NetworkRequest> initializeRequests(List<NetworkRequest> r) {
+            // Creating a defensive copy to prevent the sender from modifying the list being
+            // reflected in the return value of this method.
+            final List<NetworkRequest> tempRequests = new ArrayList<>(r);
+            return Collections.unmodifiableList(tempRequests);
+        }
+
+        void decrementRequestCount() {
+            mPerUidCounter.decrementCount(mUid);
+        }
+
+        void linkDeathRecipient() {
+            if (null != mBinder) {
+                try {
+                    mBinder.linkToDeath(this, 0);
+                } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                    binderDied();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        void unlinkDeathRecipient() {
+            if (null != mBinder) {
+                try {
+                    mBinder.unlinkToDeath(this, 0);
+                } catch (NoSuchElementException e) {
+                    // Temporary workaround for b/194394697 pending analysis of additional logs
+                    Log.wtf(TAG, "unlinkToDeath for already unlinked NRI " + this);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        boolean hasHigherOrderThan(@NonNull final NetworkRequestInfo target) {
+            // Compare two preference orders.
+            return mPreferenceOrder < target.mPreferenceOrder;
+        }
+
+        int getPreferenceOrderForNetd() {
+            if (mPreferenceOrder >= PREFERENCE_ORDER_NONE
+                    && mPreferenceOrder <= PREFERENCE_ORDER_LOWEST) {
+                return mPreferenceOrder;
+            }
+            return PREFERENCE_ORDER_NONE;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void binderDied() {
+            log("ConnectivityService NetworkRequestInfo binderDied(" +
+                    "uid/pid:" + mUid + "/" + mPid + ", " + mRequests + ", " + mBinder + ")");
+            // As an immutable collection, mRequests cannot change by the time the
+            // lambda is evaluated on the handler thread so calling .get() from a binder thread
+            // is acceptable. Use handleReleaseNetworkRequest and not directly
+            // handleRemoveNetworkRequest so as to force a lookup in the requests map, in case
+            // the app already unregistered the request.
+            mHandler.post(() -> handleReleaseNetworkRequest(mRequests.get(0),
+                    mUid, false /* callOnUnavailable */));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            final String asUidString = (mAsUid == mUid) ? "" : " asUid: " + mAsUid;
+            return "uid/pid:" + mUid + "/" + mPid + asUidString + " activeRequest: "
+                    + (mActiveRequest == null ? null : mActiveRequest.requestId)
+                    + " callbackRequest: "
+                    + mNetworkRequestForCallback.requestId
+                    + " " + mRequests
+                    + (mPendingIntent == null ? "" : " to trigger " + mPendingIntent)
+                    + " callback flags: " + mCallbackFlags
+                    + " order: " + mPreferenceOrder;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // This checks that the passed capabilities either do not request a
+    // specific SSID/SignalStrength, or the calling app has permission to do so.
+    private void ensureSufficientPermissionsForRequest(NetworkCapabilities nc,
+            int callerPid, int callerUid, String callerPackageName) {
+        if (null != nc.getSsid() && !checkSettingsPermission(callerPid, callerUid)) {
+            throw new SecurityException("Insufficient permissions to request a specific SSID");
+        }
+
+        if (nc.hasSignalStrength()
+                && !checkNetworkSignalStrengthWakeupPermission(callerPid, callerUid)) {
+            throw new SecurityException(
+                    "Insufficient permissions to request a specific signal strength");
+        }
+        mAppOpsManager.checkPackage(callerUid, callerPackageName);
+
+        if (!nc.getSubscriptionIds().isEmpty()) {
+            enforceNetworkFactoryPermission();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int[] getSignalStrengthThresholds(@NonNull final NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        final SortedSet<Integer> thresholds = new TreeSet<>();
+        synchronized (nai) {
+            // mNetworkRequests may contain the same value multiple times in case of
+            // multilayer requests. It won't matter in this case because the thresholds
+            // will then be the same and be deduplicated as they enter the `thresholds` set.
+            // TODO : have mNetworkRequests be a Set<NetworkRequestInfo> or the like.
+            for (final NetworkRequestInfo nri : mNetworkRequests.values()) {
+                for (final NetworkRequest req : nri.mRequests) {
+                    if (req.networkCapabilities.hasSignalStrength()
+                            && nai.satisfiesImmutableCapabilitiesOf(req)) {
+                        thresholds.add(req.networkCapabilities.getSignalStrength());
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return CollectionUtils.toIntArray(new ArrayList<>(thresholds));
+    }
+
+    private void updateSignalStrengthThresholds(
+            NetworkAgentInfo nai, String reason, NetworkRequest request) {
+        final int[] thresholdsArray = getSignalStrengthThresholds(nai);
+
+        if (VDBG || (DBG && !"CONNECT".equals(reason))) {
+            String detail;
+            if (request != null && request.networkCapabilities.hasSignalStrength()) {
+                detail = reason + " " + request.networkCapabilities.getSignalStrength();
+            } else {
+                detail = reason;
+            }
+            log(String.format("updateSignalStrengthThresholds: %s, sending %s to %s",
+                    detail, Arrays.toString(thresholdsArray), nai.toShortString()));
+        }
+
+        nai.onSignalStrengthThresholdsUpdated(thresholdsArray);
+    }
+
+    private static void ensureValidNetworkSpecifier(NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        if (nc == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        NetworkSpecifier ns = nc.getNetworkSpecifier();
+        if (ns == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (ns instanceof MatchAllNetworkSpecifier) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("A MatchAllNetworkSpecifier is not permitted");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void ensureListenableCapabilities(@NonNull final NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        ensureValidNetworkSpecifier(nc);
+        if (nc.isPrivateDnsBroken()) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Can't request broken private DNS");
+        }
+        if (nc.hasAllowedUids()) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Can't request access UIDs");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void ensureRequestableCapabilities(@NonNull final NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        ensureListenableCapabilities(nc);
+        final String badCapability = nc.describeFirstNonRequestableCapability();
+        if (badCapability != null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot request network with " + badCapability);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Set the mini sdk to 31 and remove @TargetApi annotation when b/205923322 is addressed.
+    @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.S)
+    private boolean isTargetSdkAtleast(int version, int callingUid,
+            @NonNull String callingPackageName) {
+        final UserHandle user = UserHandle.getUserHandleForUid(callingUid);
+        final PackageManager pm =
+                mContext.createContextAsUser(user, 0 /* flags */).getPackageManager();
+        try {
+            final int callingVersion = pm.getTargetSdkVersion(callingPackageName);
+            if (callingVersion < version) return false;
+        } catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) { }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public NetworkRequest requestNetwork(int asUid, NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities,
+            int reqTypeInt, Messenger messenger, int timeoutMs, final IBinder binder,
+            int legacyType, int callbackFlags, @NonNull String callingPackageName,
+            @Nullable String callingAttributionTag) {
+        if (legacyType != TYPE_NONE && !checkNetworkStackPermission()) {
+            if (isTargetSdkAtleast(Build.VERSION_CODES.M, mDeps.getCallingUid(),
+                    callingPackageName)) {
+                throw new SecurityException("Insufficient permissions to specify legacy type");
+            }
+        }
+        final NetworkCapabilities defaultNc = mDefaultRequest.mRequests.get(0).networkCapabilities;
+        final int callingUid = mDeps.getCallingUid();
+        // Privileged callers can track the default network of another UID by passing in a UID.
+        if (asUid != Process.INVALID_UID) {
+            enforceSettingsPermission();
+        } else {
+            asUid = callingUid;
+        }
+        final NetworkRequest.Type reqType;
+        try {
+            reqType = NetworkRequest.Type.values()[reqTypeInt];
+        } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported request type " + reqTypeInt);
+        }
+        switch (reqType) {
+            case TRACK_DEFAULT:
+                // If the request type is TRACK_DEFAULT, the passed {@code networkCapabilities}
+                // is unused and will be replaced by ones appropriate for the UID (usually, the
+                // calling app). This allows callers to keep track of the default network.
+                networkCapabilities = copyDefaultNetworkCapabilitiesForUid(
+                        defaultNc, asUid, callingUid, callingPackageName);
+                enforceAccessPermission();
+                break;
+            case TRACK_SYSTEM_DEFAULT:
+                enforceSettingsPermission();
+                networkCapabilities = new NetworkCapabilities(defaultNc);
+                break;
+            case BACKGROUND_REQUEST:
+                enforceNetworkStackOrSettingsPermission();
+                // Fall-through since other checks are the same with normal requests.
+            case REQUEST:
+                networkCapabilities = new NetworkCapabilities(networkCapabilities);
+                enforceNetworkRequestPermissions(networkCapabilities, callingPackageName,
+                        callingAttributionTag);
+                // TODO: this is incorrect. We mark the request as metered or not depending on
+                //  the state of the app when the request is filed, but we never change the
+                //  request if the app changes network state. http://b/29964605
+                enforceMeteredApnPolicy(networkCapabilities);
+                break;
+            case LISTEN_FOR_BEST:
+                enforceAccessPermission();
+                networkCapabilities = new NetworkCapabilities(networkCapabilities);
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported request type " + reqType);
+        }
+        ensureRequestableCapabilities(networkCapabilities);
+        ensureSufficientPermissionsForRequest(networkCapabilities,
+                Binder.getCallingPid(), callingUid, callingPackageName);
+
+        // Enforce FOREGROUND if the caller does not have permission to use background network.
+        if (reqType == LISTEN_FOR_BEST) {
+            restrictBackgroundRequestForCaller(networkCapabilities);
+        }
+
+        // Set the UID range for this request to the single UID of the requester, unless the
+        // requester has the permission to specify other UIDs.
+        // This will overwrite any allowed UIDs in the requested capabilities. Though there
+        // are no visible methods to set the UIDs, an app could use reflection to try and get
+        // networks for other apps so it's essential that the UIDs are overwritten.
+        // Also set the requester UID and package name in the request.
+        restrictRequestUidsForCallerAndSetRequestorInfo(networkCapabilities,
+                callingUid, callingPackageName);
+
+        if (timeoutMs < 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Bad timeout specified");
+        }
+
+        final NetworkRequest networkRequest = new NetworkRequest(networkCapabilities, legacyType,
+                nextNetworkRequestId(), reqType);
+        final NetworkRequestInfo nri = getNriToRegister(
+                asUid, networkRequest, messenger, binder, callbackFlags,
+                callingAttributionTag);
+        if (DBG) log("requestNetwork for " + nri);
+
+        // For TRACK_SYSTEM_DEFAULT callbacks, the capabilities have been modified since they were
+        // copied from the default request above. (This is necessary to ensure, for example, that
+        // the callback does not leak sensitive information to unprivileged apps.) Check that the
+        // changes don't alter request matching.
+        if (reqType == NetworkRequest.Type.TRACK_SYSTEM_DEFAULT &&
+                (!networkCapabilities.equalRequestableCapabilities(defaultNc))) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "TRACK_SYSTEM_DEFAULT capabilities don't match default request: "
+                    + networkCapabilities + " vs. " + defaultNc);
+        }
+
+        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_REGISTER_NETWORK_REQUEST, nri));
+        if (timeoutMs > 0) {
+            mHandler.sendMessageDelayed(mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_TIMEOUT_NETWORK_REQUEST,
+                    nri), timeoutMs);
+        }
+        return networkRequest;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the nri to be used when registering a network request. Specifically, this is used with
+     * requests registered to track the default request. If there is currently a per-app default
+     * tracking the app requestor, then we need to create a version of this nri that mirrors that of
+     * the tracking per-app default so that callbacks are sent to the app requestor appropriately.
+     * @param asUid the uid on behalf of which to file the request. Different from requestorUid
+     *              when a privileged caller is tracking the default network for another uid.
+     * @param nr the network request for the nri.
+     * @param msgr the messenger for the nri.
+     * @param binder the binder for the nri.
+     * @param callingAttributionTag the calling attribution tag for the nri.
+     * @return the nri to register.
+     */
+    private NetworkRequestInfo getNriToRegister(final int asUid, @NonNull final NetworkRequest nr,
+            @Nullable final Messenger msgr, @Nullable final IBinder binder,
+            @NetworkCallback.Flag int callbackFlags,
+            @Nullable String callingAttributionTag) {
+        final List<NetworkRequest> requests;
+        if (NetworkRequest.Type.TRACK_DEFAULT == nr.type) {
+            requests = copyDefaultNetworkRequestsForUid(
+                    asUid, nr.getRequestorUid(), nr.getRequestorPackageName());
+        } else {
+            requests = Collections.singletonList(nr);
+        }
+        return new NetworkRequestInfo(
+                asUid, requests, nr, msgr, binder, callbackFlags, callingAttributionTag);
+    }
+
+    private void enforceNetworkRequestPermissions(NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities,
+            String callingPackageName, String callingAttributionTag) {
+        if (networkCapabilities.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED) == false) {
+            if (!networkCapabilities.hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_CBS)) {
+                enforceConnectivityRestrictedNetworksPermission();
+            }
+        } else {
+            enforceChangePermission(callingPackageName, callingAttributionTag);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean checkConnectivityRestrictedNetworksPermission(int callerPid, int callerUid) {
+        if (checkAnyPermissionOf(callerPid, callerUid,
+                android.Manifest.permission.CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS)
+                || checkAnyPermissionOf(callerPid, callerUid,
+                android.Manifest.permission.CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean requestBandwidthUpdate(Network network) {
+        enforceAccessPermission();
+        NetworkAgentInfo nai = null;
+        if (network == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        synchronized (mNetworkForNetId) {
+            nai = mNetworkForNetId.get(network.getNetId());
+        }
+        if (nai != null) {
+            nai.onBandwidthUpdateRequested();
+            synchronized (mBandwidthRequests) {
+                final int uid = mDeps.getCallingUid();
+                Integer uidReqs = mBandwidthRequests.get(uid);
+                if (uidReqs == null) {
+                    uidReqs = 0;
+                }
+                mBandwidthRequests.put(uid, ++uidReqs);
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isSystem(int uid) {
+        return uid < Process.FIRST_APPLICATION_UID;
+    }
+
+    private void enforceMeteredApnPolicy(NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities) {
+        final int uid = mDeps.getCallingUid();
+        if (isSystem(uid)) {
+            // Exemption for system uid.
+            return;
+        }
+        if (networkCapabilities.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)) {
+            // Policy already enforced.
+            return;
+        }
+        final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+        try {
+            if (mPolicyManager.isUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(uid)) {
+                // If UID is restricted, don't allow them to bring up metered APNs.
+                networkCapabilities.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+            }
+        } finally {
+            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(ident);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public NetworkRequest pendingRequestForNetwork(NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities,
+            PendingIntent operation, @NonNull String callingPackageName,
+            @Nullable String callingAttributionTag) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(operation, "PendingIntent cannot be null.");
+        final int callingUid = mDeps.getCallingUid();
+        networkCapabilities = new NetworkCapabilities(networkCapabilities);
+        enforceNetworkRequestPermissions(networkCapabilities, callingPackageName,
+                callingAttributionTag);
+        enforceMeteredApnPolicy(networkCapabilities);
+        ensureRequestableCapabilities(networkCapabilities);
+        ensureSufficientPermissionsForRequest(networkCapabilities,
+                Binder.getCallingPid(), callingUid, callingPackageName);
+        restrictRequestUidsForCallerAndSetRequestorInfo(networkCapabilities,
+                callingUid, callingPackageName);
+
+        NetworkRequest networkRequest = new NetworkRequest(networkCapabilities, TYPE_NONE,
+                nextNetworkRequestId(), NetworkRequest.Type.REQUEST);
+        NetworkRequestInfo nri = new NetworkRequestInfo(callingUid, networkRequest, operation,
+                callingAttributionTag);
+        if (DBG) log("pendingRequest for " + nri);
+        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_REGISTER_NETWORK_REQUEST_WITH_INTENT,
+                nri));
+        return networkRequest;
+    }
+
+    private void releasePendingNetworkRequestWithDelay(PendingIntent operation) {
+        mHandler.sendMessageDelayed(
+                mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_RELEASE_NETWORK_REQUEST_WITH_INTENT,
+                mDeps.getCallingUid(), 0, operation), mReleasePendingIntentDelayMs);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void releasePendingNetworkRequest(PendingIntent operation) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(operation, "PendingIntent cannot be null.");
+        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_RELEASE_NETWORK_REQUEST_WITH_INTENT,
+                mDeps.getCallingUid(), 0, operation));
+    }
+
+    // In order to implement the compatibility measure for pre-M apps that call
+    // WifiManager.enableNetwork(..., true) without also binding to that network explicitly,
+    // WifiManager registers a network listen for the purpose of calling setProcessDefaultNetwork.
+    // This ensures it has permission to do so.
+    private boolean hasWifiNetworkListenPermission(NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        if (nc == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        int[] transportTypes = nc.getTransportTypes();
+        if (transportTypes.length != 1 || transportTypes[0] != NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        try {
+            mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(
+                    android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE,
+                    "ConnectivityService");
+        } catch (SecurityException e) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public NetworkRequest listenForNetwork(NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities,
+            Messenger messenger, IBinder binder,
+            @NetworkCallback.Flag int callbackFlags,
+            @NonNull String callingPackageName, @NonNull String callingAttributionTag) {
+        final int callingUid = mDeps.getCallingUid();
+        if (!hasWifiNetworkListenPermission(networkCapabilities)) {
+            enforceAccessPermission();
+        }
+
+        NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities(networkCapabilities);
+        ensureSufficientPermissionsForRequest(networkCapabilities,
+                Binder.getCallingPid(), callingUid, callingPackageName);
+        restrictRequestUidsForCallerAndSetRequestorInfo(nc, callingUid, callingPackageName);
+        // Apps without the CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE permission can't use background networks, so
+        // make all their listens include NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND. That way, they will get
+        // onLost and onAvailable callbacks when networks move in and out of the background.
+        // There is no need to do this for requests because an app without CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE
+        // can't request networks.
+        restrictBackgroundRequestForCaller(nc);
+        ensureListenableCapabilities(nc);
+
+        NetworkRequest networkRequest = new NetworkRequest(nc, TYPE_NONE, nextNetworkRequestId(),
+                NetworkRequest.Type.LISTEN);
+        NetworkRequestInfo nri =
+                new NetworkRequestInfo(callingUid, networkRequest, messenger, binder, callbackFlags,
+                        callingAttributionTag);
+        if (VDBG) log("listenForNetwork for " + nri);
+
+        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_REGISTER_NETWORK_LISTENER, nri));
+        return networkRequest;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void pendingListenForNetwork(NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities,
+            PendingIntent operation, @NonNull String callingPackageName,
+            @Nullable String callingAttributionTag) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(operation, "PendingIntent cannot be null.");
+        final int callingUid = mDeps.getCallingUid();
+        if (!hasWifiNetworkListenPermission(networkCapabilities)) {
+            enforceAccessPermission();
+        }
+        ensureListenableCapabilities(networkCapabilities);
+        ensureSufficientPermissionsForRequest(networkCapabilities,
+                Binder.getCallingPid(), callingUid, callingPackageName);
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities(networkCapabilities);
+        restrictRequestUidsForCallerAndSetRequestorInfo(nc, callingUid, callingPackageName);
+
+        NetworkRequest networkRequest = new NetworkRequest(nc, TYPE_NONE, nextNetworkRequestId(),
+                NetworkRequest.Type.LISTEN);
+        NetworkRequestInfo nri = new NetworkRequestInfo(callingUid, networkRequest, operation,
+                callingAttributionTag);
+        if (VDBG) log("pendingListenForNetwork for " + nri);
+
+        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(
+                    EVENT_REGISTER_NETWORK_LISTENER_WITH_INTENT, nri));
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the next Network provider ID. */
+    public final int nextNetworkProviderId() {
+        return mNextNetworkProviderId.getAndIncrement();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void releaseNetworkRequest(NetworkRequest networkRequest) {
+        ensureNetworkRequestHasType(networkRequest);
+        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(
+                EVENT_RELEASE_NETWORK_REQUEST, mDeps.getCallingUid(), 0, networkRequest));
+    }
+
+    private void releaseNetworkRequestAndCallOnUnavailable(NetworkRequest networkRequest) {
+        ensureNetworkRequestHasType(networkRequest);
+        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(
+                EVENT_RELEASE_NETWORK_REQUEST_AND_CALL_UNAVAILABLE, mDeps.getCallingUid(), 0,
+                networkRequest));
+    }
+
+    private void handleRegisterNetworkProvider(NetworkProviderInfo npi) {
+        if (mNetworkProviderInfos.containsKey(npi.messenger)) {
+            // Avoid creating duplicates. even if an app makes a direct AIDL call.
+            // This will never happen if an app calls ConnectivityManager#registerNetworkProvider,
+            // as that will throw if a duplicate provider is registered.
+            loge("Attempt to register existing NetworkProviderInfo "
+                    + mNetworkProviderInfos.get(npi.messenger).name);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (DBG) log("Got NetworkProvider Messenger for " + npi.name);
+        mNetworkProviderInfos.put(npi.messenger, npi);
+        npi.connect(mContext, mTrackerHandler);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int registerNetworkProvider(Messenger messenger, String name) {
+        enforceNetworkFactoryOrSettingsPermission();
+        Objects.requireNonNull(messenger, "messenger must be non-null");
+        NetworkProviderInfo npi = new NetworkProviderInfo(name, messenger,
+                nextNetworkProviderId(), () -> unregisterNetworkProvider(messenger));
+        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_REGISTER_NETWORK_PROVIDER, npi));
+        return npi.providerId;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void unregisterNetworkProvider(Messenger messenger) {
+        enforceNetworkFactoryOrSettingsPermission();
+        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_UNREGISTER_NETWORK_PROVIDER, messenger));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void offerNetwork(final int providerId,
+            @NonNull final NetworkScore score, @NonNull final NetworkCapabilities caps,
+            @NonNull final INetworkOfferCallback callback) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(score);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(caps);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(callback);
+        final boolean yieldToBadWiFi = caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR) && !avoidBadWifi();
+        final NetworkOffer offer = new NetworkOffer(
+                FullScore.makeProspectiveScore(score, caps, yieldToBadWiFi),
+                caps, callback, providerId);
+        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_REGISTER_NETWORK_OFFER, offer));
+    }
+
+    private void updateOfferScore(final NetworkOffer offer) {
+        final boolean yieldToBadWiFi =
+                offer.caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR) && !avoidBadWifi();
+        final NetworkOffer newOffer = new NetworkOffer(
+                offer.score.withYieldToBadWiFi(yieldToBadWiFi),
+                        offer.caps, offer.callback, offer.providerId);
+        if (offer.equals(newOffer)) return;
+        handleRegisterNetworkOffer(newOffer);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void unofferNetwork(@NonNull final INetworkOfferCallback callback) {
+        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_UNREGISTER_NETWORK_OFFER, callback));
+    }
+
+    private void handleUnregisterNetworkProvider(Messenger messenger) {
+        NetworkProviderInfo npi = mNetworkProviderInfos.remove(messenger);
+        if (npi == null) {
+            loge("Failed to find Messenger in unregisterNetworkProvider");
+            return;
+        }
+        // Unregister all the offers from this provider
+        final ArrayList<NetworkOfferInfo> toRemove = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (final NetworkOfferInfo noi : mNetworkOffers) {
+            if (noi.offer.providerId == npi.providerId) {
+                // Can't call handleUnregisterNetworkOffer here because iteration is in progress
+                toRemove.add(noi);
+            }
+        }
+        for (final NetworkOfferInfo noi : toRemove) {
+            handleUnregisterNetworkOffer(noi);
+        }
+        if (DBG) log("unregisterNetworkProvider for " + npi.name);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void declareNetworkRequestUnfulfillable(@NonNull final NetworkRequest request) {
+        if (request.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_TEST)) {
+            enforceNetworkFactoryOrTestNetworksPermission();
+        } else {
+            enforceNetworkFactoryPermission();
+        }
+        final NetworkRequestInfo nri = mNetworkRequests.get(request);
+        if (nri != null) {
+            // declareNetworkRequestUnfulfillable() paths don't apply to multilayer requests.
+            ensureNotMultilayerRequest(nri, "declareNetworkRequestUnfulfillable");
+            mHandler.post(() -> handleReleaseNetworkRequest(
+                    nri.mRequests.get(0), mDeps.getCallingUid(), true));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // NOTE: Accessed on multiple threads, must be synchronized on itself.
+    @GuardedBy("mNetworkForNetId")
+    private final SparseArray<NetworkAgentInfo> mNetworkForNetId = new SparseArray<>();
+    // NOTE: Accessed on multiple threads, synchronized with mNetworkForNetId.
+    // An entry is first reserved with NetIdManager, prior to being added to mNetworkForNetId, so
+    // there may not be a strict 1:1 correlation between the two.
+    private final NetIdManager mNetIdManager;
+
+    // Tracks all NetworkAgents that are currently registered.
+    // NOTE: Only should be accessed on ConnectivityServiceThread, except dump().
+    private final ArraySet<NetworkAgentInfo> mNetworkAgentInfos = new ArraySet<>();
+
+    // UID ranges for users that are currently blocked by VPNs.
+    // This array is accessed and iterated on multiple threads without holding locks, so its
+    // contents must never be mutated. When the ranges change, the array is replaced with a new one
+    // (on the handler thread).
+    private volatile List<UidRange> mVpnBlockedUidRanges = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    // Must only be accessed on the handler thread
+    @NonNull
+    private final ArrayList<NetworkOfferInfo> mNetworkOffers = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    @GuardedBy("mBlockedAppUids")
+    private final HashSet<Integer> mBlockedAppUids = new HashSet<>();
+
+    // Current OEM network preferences. This object must only be written to on the handler thread.
+    // Since it is immutable and always non-null, other threads may read it if they only care
+    // about seeing a consistent object but not that it is current.
+    @NonNull
+    private OemNetworkPreferences mOemNetworkPreferences =
+            new OemNetworkPreferences.Builder().build();
+    // Current per-profile network preferences. This object follows the same threading rules as
+    // the OEM network preferences above.
+    @NonNull
+    private ProfileNetworkPreferenceList mProfileNetworkPreferences =
+            new ProfileNetworkPreferenceList();
+
+    // A set of UIDs that should use mobile data preferentially if available. This object follows
+    // the same threading rules as the OEM network preferences above.
+    @NonNull
+    private Set<Integer> mMobileDataPreferredUids = new ArraySet<>();
+
+    // OemNetworkPreferences activity String log entries.
+    private static final int MAX_OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_LOGS = 20;
+    @NonNull
+    private final LocalLog mOemNetworkPreferencesLogs =
+            new LocalLog(MAX_OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_LOGS);
+
+    /**
+     * Determine whether a given package has a mapping in the current OemNetworkPreferences.
+     * @param packageName the package name to check existence of a mapping for.
+     * @return true if a mapping exists, false otherwise
+     */
+    private boolean isMappedInOemNetworkPreference(@NonNull final String packageName) {
+        return mOemNetworkPreferences.getNetworkPreferences().containsKey(packageName);
+    }
+
+    // The always-on request for an Internet-capable network that apps without a specific default
+    // fall back to.
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    @NonNull
+    final NetworkRequestInfo mDefaultRequest;
+    // Collection of NetworkRequestInfo's used for default networks.
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    @NonNull
+    final ArraySet<NetworkRequestInfo> mDefaultNetworkRequests = new ArraySet<>();
+
+    private boolean isPerAppDefaultRequest(@NonNull final NetworkRequestInfo nri) {
+        return (mDefaultNetworkRequests.contains(nri) && mDefaultRequest != nri);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the default network request currently tracking the given uid.
+     * @param uid the uid to check.
+     * @return the NetworkRequestInfo tracking the given uid.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    private NetworkRequestInfo getDefaultRequestTrackingUid(final int uid) {
+        NetworkRequestInfo highestPriorityNri = mDefaultRequest;
+        for (final NetworkRequestInfo nri : mDefaultNetworkRequests) {
+            // Checking the first request is sufficient as only multilayer requests will have more
+            // than one request and for multilayer, all requests will track the same uids.
+            if (nri.mRequests.get(0).networkCapabilities.appliesToUid(uid)) {
+                // Find out the highest priority request.
+                if (nri.hasHigherOrderThan(highestPriorityNri)) {
+                    highestPriorityNri = nri;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return highestPriorityNri;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a copy of the network requests of the default request that is currently tracking the
+     * given uid.
+     * @param asUid the uid on behalf of which to file the request. Different from requestorUid
+     *              when a privileged caller is tracking the default network for another uid.
+     * @param requestorUid the uid to check the default for.
+     * @param requestorPackageName the requestor's package name.
+     * @return a copy of the default's NetworkRequest that is tracking the given uid.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    private List<NetworkRequest> copyDefaultNetworkRequestsForUid(
+            final int asUid, final int requestorUid, @NonNull final String requestorPackageName) {
+        return copyNetworkRequestsForUid(
+                getDefaultRequestTrackingUid(asUid).mRequests,
+                asUid, requestorUid, requestorPackageName);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Copy the given nri's NetworkRequest collection.
+     * @param requestsToCopy the NetworkRequest collection to be copied.
+     * @param asUid the uid on behalf of which to file the request. Different from requestorUid
+     *              when a privileged caller is tracking the default network for another uid.
+     * @param requestorUid the uid to set on the copied collection.
+     * @param requestorPackageName the package name to set on the copied collection.
+     * @return the copied NetworkRequest collection.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    private List<NetworkRequest> copyNetworkRequestsForUid(
+            @NonNull final List<NetworkRequest> requestsToCopy, final int asUid,
+            final int requestorUid, @NonNull final String requestorPackageName) {
+        final List<NetworkRequest> requests = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (final NetworkRequest nr : requestsToCopy) {
+            requests.add(new NetworkRequest(copyDefaultNetworkCapabilitiesForUid(
+                            nr.networkCapabilities, asUid, requestorUid, requestorPackageName),
+                    nr.legacyType, nextNetworkRequestId(), nr.type));
+        }
+        return requests;
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    private NetworkCapabilities copyDefaultNetworkCapabilitiesForUid(
+            @NonNull final NetworkCapabilities netCapToCopy, final int asUid,
+            final int requestorUid, @NonNull final String requestorPackageName) {
+        // These capabilities are for a TRACK_DEFAULT callback, so:
+        // 1. Remove NET_CAPABILITY_VPN, because it's (currently!) the only difference between
+        //    mDefaultRequest and a per-UID default request.
+        //    TODO: stop depending on the fact that these two unrelated things happen to be the same
+        // 2. Always set the UIDs to asUid. restrictRequestUidsForCallerAndSetRequestorInfo will
+        //    not do this in the case of a privileged application.
+        final NetworkCapabilities netCap = new NetworkCapabilities(netCapToCopy);
+        netCap.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN);
+        netCap.setSingleUid(asUid);
+        restrictRequestUidsForCallerAndSetRequestorInfo(
+                netCap, requestorUid, requestorPackageName);
+        return netCap;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the nri that is currently being tracked for callbacks by per-app defaults.
+     * @param nr the network request to check for equality against.
+     * @return the nri if one exists, null otherwise.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    private NetworkRequestInfo getNriForAppRequest(@NonNull final NetworkRequest nr) {
+        for (final NetworkRequestInfo nri : mNetworkRequests.values()) {
+            if (nri.getNetworkRequestForCallback().equals(nr)) {
+                return nri;
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if an nri is currently being managed by per-app default networking.
+     * @param nri the nri to check.
+     * @return true if this nri is currently being managed by per-app default networking.
+     */
+    private boolean isPerAppTrackedNri(@NonNull final NetworkRequestInfo nri) {
+        // nri.mRequests.get(0) is only different from the original request filed in
+        // nri.getNetworkRequestForCallback() if nri.mRequests was changed by per-app default
+        // functionality therefore if these two don't match, it means this particular nri is
+        // currently being managed by a per-app default.
+        return nri.getNetworkRequestForCallback() != nri.mRequests.get(0);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determine if an nri is a managed default request that disallows default networking.
+     * @param nri the request to evaluate
+     * @return true if device-default networking is disallowed
+     */
+    private boolean isDefaultBlocked(@NonNull final NetworkRequestInfo nri) {
+        // Check if this nri is a managed default that supports the default network at its
+        // lowest priority request.
+        final NetworkRequest defaultNetworkRequest = mDefaultRequest.mRequests.get(0);
+        final NetworkCapabilities lowestPriorityNetCap =
+                nri.mRequests.get(nri.mRequests.size() - 1).networkCapabilities;
+        return isPerAppDefaultRequest(nri)
+                && !(defaultNetworkRequest.networkCapabilities.equalRequestableCapabilities(
+                        lowestPriorityNetCap));
+    }
+
+    // Request used to optionally keep mobile data active even when higher
+    // priority networks like Wi-Fi are active.
+    private final NetworkRequest mDefaultMobileDataRequest;
+
+    // Request used to optionally keep wifi data active even when higher
+    // priority networks like ethernet are active.
+    private final NetworkRequest mDefaultWifiRequest;
+
+    // Request used to optionally keep vehicle internal network always active
+    private final NetworkRequest mDefaultVehicleRequest;
+
+    // Sentinel NAI used to direct apps with default networks that should have no connectivity to a
+    // network with no service. This NAI should never be matched against, nor should any public API
+    // ever return the associated network. For this reason, this NAI is not in the list of available
+    // NAIs. It is used in computeNetworkReassignment() to be set as the satisfier for non-device
+    // default requests that don't support using the device default network which will ultimately
+    // allow ConnectivityService to use this no-service network when calling makeDefaultForApps().
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    final NetworkAgentInfo mNoServiceNetwork;
+
+    // The NetworkAgentInfo currently satisfying the default request, if any.
+    private NetworkAgentInfo getDefaultNetwork() {
+        return mDefaultRequest.mSatisfier;
+    }
+
+    private NetworkAgentInfo getDefaultNetworkForUid(final int uid) {
+        NetworkRequestInfo highestPriorityNri = mDefaultRequest;
+        for (final NetworkRequestInfo nri : mDefaultNetworkRequests) {
+            // Currently, all network requests will have the same uids therefore checking the first
+            // one is sufficient. If/when uids are tracked at the nri level, this can change.
+            final Set<UidRange> uids = nri.mRequests.get(0).networkCapabilities.getUidRanges();
+            if (null == uids) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            for (final UidRange range : uids) {
+                if (range.contains(uid)) {
+                    if (nri.hasHigherOrderThan(highestPriorityNri)) {
+                        highestPriorityNri = nri;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return highestPriorityNri.getSatisfier();
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    private Network getNetwork(@Nullable NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        return nai != null ? nai.network : null;
+    }
+
+    private void ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread() {
+        if (mHandler.getLooper().getThread() != Thread.currentThread()) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "Not running on ConnectivityService thread: "
+                            + Thread.currentThread().getName());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected boolean isDefaultNetwork(NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        return nai == getDefaultNetwork();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register a new agent with ConnectivityService to handle a network.
+     *
+     * @param na a reference for ConnectivityService to contact the agent asynchronously.
+     * @param networkInfo the initial info associated with this network. It can be updated later :
+     *         see {@link #updateNetworkInfo}.
+     * @param linkProperties the initial link properties of this network. They can be updated
+     *         later : see {@link #updateLinkProperties}.
+     * @param networkCapabilities the initial capabilites of this network. They can be updated
+     *         later : see {@link #updateCapabilities}.
+     * @param initialScore the initial score of the network. See
+     *         {@link NetworkAgentInfo#getCurrentScore}.
+     * @param networkAgentConfig metadata about the network. This is never updated.
+     * @param providerId the ID of the provider owning this NetworkAgent.
+     * @return the network created for this agent.
+     */
+    public Network registerNetworkAgent(INetworkAgent na, NetworkInfo networkInfo,
+            LinkProperties linkProperties, NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities,
+            @NonNull NetworkScore initialScore, NetworkAgentConfig networkAgentConfig,
+            int providerId) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(networkInfo, "networkInfo must not be null");
+        Objects.requireNonNull(linkProperties, "linkProperties must not be null");
+        Objects.requireNonNull(networkCapabilities, "networkCapabilities must not be null");
+        Objects.requireNonNull(initialScore, "initialScore must not be null");
+        Objects.requireNonNull(networkAgentConfig, "networkAgentConfig must not be null");
+        if (networkCapabilities.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_TEST)) {
+            enforceAnyPermissionOf(Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS);
+        } else {
+            enforceNetworkFactoryPermission();
+        }
+
+        final int uid = mDeps.getCallingUid();
+        final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+        try {
+            return registerNetworkAgentInternal(na, networkInfo, linkProperties,
+                    networkCapabilities, initialScore, networkAgentConfig, providerId, uid);
+        } finally {
+            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Network registerNetworkAgentInternal(INetworkAgent na, NetworkInfo networkInfo,
+            LinkProperties linkProperties, NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities,
+            NetworkScore currentScore, NetworkAgentConfig networkAgentConfig, int providerId,
+            int uid) {
+
+        // At this point the capabilities/properties are untrusted and unverified, e.g. checks that
+        // the capabilities' access UID comply with security limitations. They will be sanitized
+        // as the NAI registration finishes, in handleRegisterNetworkAgent(). This is
+        // because some of the checks must happen on the handler thread.
+        final NetworkAgentInfo nai = new NetworkAgentInfo(na,
+                new Network(mNetIdManager.reserveNetId()), new NetworkInfo(networkInfo),
+                linkProperties, networkCapabilities,
+                currentScore, mContext, mTrackerHandler, new NetworkAgentConfig(networkAgentConfig),
+                this, mNetd, mDnsResolver, providerId, uid, mLingerDelayMs,
+                mQosCallbackTracker, mDeps);
+
+        final String extraInfo = networkInfo.getExtraInfo();
+        final String name = TextUtils.isEmpty(extraInfo)
+                ? nai.networkCapabilities.getSsid() : extraInfo;
+        if (DBG) log("registerNetworkAgent " + nai);
+        mDeps.getNetworkStack().makeNetworkMonitor(
+                nai.network, name, new NetworkMonitorCallbacks(nai));
+        // NetworkAgentInfo registration will finish when the NetworkMonitor is created.
+        // If the network disconnects or sends any other event before that, messages are deferred by
+        // NetworkAgent until nai.connect(), which will be called when finalizing the
+        // registration.
+        return nai.network;
+    }
+
+    private void handleRegisterNetworkAgent(NetworkAgentInfo nai, INetworkMonitor networkMonitor) {
+        if (VDBG) log("Network Monitor created for " +  nai);
+        // nai.nc and nai.lp are the same object that was passed by the network agent if the agent
+        // lives in the same process as this code (e.g. wifi), so make sure this code doesn't
+        // mutate their object
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities(nai.networkCapabilities);
+        final LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties(nai.linkProperties);
+        // Make sure the LinkProperties and NetworkCapabilities reflect what the agent info says.
+        processCapabilitiesFromAgent(nai, nc);
+        nai.getAndSetNetworkCapabilities(mixInCapabilities(nai, nc));
+        processLinkPropertiesFromAgent(nai, lp);
+        nai.linkProperties = lp;
+
+        nai.onNetworkMonitorCreated(networkMonitor);
+
+        mNetworkAgentInfos.add(nai);
+        synchronized (mNetworkForNetId) {
+            mNetworkForNetId.put(nai.network.getNetId(), nai);
+        }
+
+        try {
+            networkMonitor.start();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            e.rethrowAsRuntimeException();
+        }
+
+        nai.notifyRegistered();
+        NetworkInfo networkInfo = nai.networkInfo;
+        updateNetworkInfo(nai, networkInfo);
+        updateVpnUids(nai, null, nai.networkCapabilities);
+    }
+
+    private class NetworkOfferInfo implements IBinder.DeathRecipient {
+        @NonNull public final NetworkOffer offer;
+
+        NetworkOfferInfo(@NonNull final NetworkOffer offer) {
+            this.offer = offer;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void binderDied() {
+            mHandler.post(() -> handleUnregisterNetworkOffer(this));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean isNetworkProviderWithIdRegistered(final int providerId) {
+        for (final NetworkProviderInfo npi : mNetworkProviderInfos.values()) {
+            if (npi.providerId == providerId) return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register or update a network offer.
+     * @param newOffer The new offer. If the callback member is the same as an existing
+     *                 offer, it is an update of that offer.
+     */
+    // TODO : rename this to handleRegisterOrUpdateNetworkOffer
+    private void handleRegisterNetworkOffer(@NonNull final NetworkOffer newOffer) {
+        ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
+        if (!isNetworkProviderWithIdRegistered(newOffer.providerId)) {
+            // This may actually happen if a provider updates its score or registers and then
+            // immediately unregisters. The offer would still be in the handler queue, but the
+            // provider would have been removed.
+            if (DBG) log("Received offer from an unregistered provider");
+            return;
+        }
+        final NetworkOfferInfo existingOffer = findNetworkOfferInfoByCallback(newOffer.callback);
+        if (null != existingOffer) {
+            handleUnregisterNetworkOffer(existingOffer);
+            newOffer.migrateFrom(existingOffer.offer);
+            if (DBG) {
+                // handleUnregisterNetworkOffer has already logged the old offer
+                log("update offer from providerId " + newOffer.providerId + " new : " + newOffer);
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (DBG) {
+                log("register offer from providerId " + newOffer.providerId + " : " + newOffer);
+            }
+        }
+        final NetworkOfferInfo noi = new NetworkOfferInfo(newOffer);
+        try {
+            noi.offer.callback.asBinder().linkToDeath(noi, 0 /* flags */);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            noi.binderDied();
+            return;
+        }
+        mNetworkOffers.add(noi);
+        issueNetworkNeeds(noi);
+    }
+
+    private void handleUnregisterNetworkOffer(@NonNull final NetworkOfferInfo noi) {
+        ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
+        if (DBG) {
+            log("unregister offer from providerId " + noi.offer.providerId + " : " + noi.offer);
+        }
+
+        // If the provider removes the offer and dies immediately afterwards this
+        // function may be called twice in a row, but the array will no longer contain
+        // the offer.
+        if (!mNetworkOffers.remove(noi)) return;
+        noi.offer.callback.asBinder().unlinkToDeath(noi, 0 /* flags */);
+    }
+
+    @Nullable private NetworkOfferInfo findNetworkOfferInfoByCallback(
+            @NonNull final INetworkOfferCallback callback) {
+        ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
+        for (final NetworkOfferInfo noi : mNetworkOffers) {
+            if (noi.offer.callback.asBinder().equals(callback.asBinder())) return noi;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called when receiving LinkProperties directly from a NetworkAgent.
+     * Stores into |nai| any data coming from the agent that might also be written to the network's
+     * LinkProperties by ConnectivityService itself. This ensures that the data provided by the
+     * agent is not lost when updateLinkProperties is called.
+     * This method should never alter the agent's LinkProperties, only store data in |nai|.
+     */
+    private void processLinkPropertiesFromAgent(NetworkAgentInfo nai, LinkProperties lp) {
+        lp.ensureDirectlyConnectedRoutes();
+        nai.clatd.setNat64PrefixFromRa(lp.getNat64Prefix());
+        nai.networkAgentPortalData = lp.getCaptivePortalData();
+    }
+
+    private void updateLinkProperties(NetworkAgentInfo networkAgent, @NonNull LinkProperties newLp,
+            @NonNull LinkProperties oldLp) {
+        int netId = networkAgent.network.getNetId();
+
+        // The NetworkAgent does not know whether clatd is running on its network or not, or whether
+        // a NAT64 prefix was discovered by the DNS resolver. Before we do anything else, make sure
+        // the LinkProperties for the network are accurate.
+        networkAgent.clatd.fixupLinkProperties(oldLp, newLp);
+
+        updateInterfaces(newLp, oldLp, netId, networkAgent.networkCapabilities);
+
+        // update filtering rules, need to happen after the interface update so netd knows about the
+        // new interface (the interface name -> index map becomes initialized)
+        updateVpnFiltering(newLp, oldLp, networkAgent);
+
+        updateMtu(newLp, oldLp);
+        // TODO - figure out what to do for clat
+//        for (LinkProperties lp : newLp.getStackedLinks()) {
+//            updateMtu(lp, null);
+//        }
+        if (isDefaultNetwork(networkAgent)) {
+            updateTcpBufferSizes(newLp.getTcpBufferSizes());
+        }
+
+        updateRoutes(newLp, oldLp, netId);
+        updateDnses(newLp, oldLp, netId);
+        // Make sure LinkProperties represents the latest private DNS status.
+        // This does not need to be done before updateDnses because the
+        // LinkProperties are not the source of the private DNS configuration.
+        // updateDnses will fetch the private DNS configuration from DnsManager.
+        mDnsManager.updatePrivateDnsStatus(netId, newLp);
+
+        if (isDefaultNetwork(networkAgent)) {
+            handleApplyDefaultProxy(newLp.getHttpProxy());
+        } else {
+            updateProxy(newLp, oldLp);
+        }
+
+        updateWakeOnLan(newLp);
+
+        // Captive portal data is obtained from NetworkMonitor and stored in NetworkAgentInfo.
+        // It is not always contained in the LinkProperties sent from NetworkAgents, and if it
+        // does, it needs to be merged here.
+        newLp.setCaptivePortalData(mergeCaptivePortalData(networkAgent.networkAgentPortalData,
+                networkAgent.capportApiData));
+
+        // TODO - move this check to cover the whole function
+        if (!Objects.equals(newLp, oldLp)) {
+            synchronized (networkAgent) {
+                networkAgent.linkProperties = newLp;
+            }
+            // Start or stop DNS64 detection and 464xlat according to network state.
+            networkAgent.clatd.update();
+            notifyIfacesChangedForNetworkStats();
+            networkAgent.networkMonitor().notifyLinkPropertiesChanged(
+                    new LinkProperties(newLp, true /* parcelSensitiveFields */));
+            if (networkAgent.everConnected) {
+                notifyNetworkCallbacks(networkAgent, ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_IP_CHANGED);
+            }
+        }
+
+        mKeepaliveTracker.handleCheckKeepalivesStillValid(networkAgent);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param naData captive portal data from NetworkAgent
+     * @param apiData captive portal data from capport API
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    private CaptivePortalData mergeCaptivePortalData(CaptivePortalData naData,
+            CaptivePortalData apiData) {
+        if (naData == null || apiData == null) {
+            return naData == null ? apiData : naData;
+        }
+        final CaptivePortalData.Builder captivePortalBuilder =
+                new CaptivePortalData.Builder(naData);
+
+        if (apiData.isCaptive()) {
+            captivePortalBuilder.setCaptive(true);
+        }
+        if (apiData.isSessionExtendable()) {
+            captivePortalBuilder.setSessionExtendable(true);
+        }
+        if (apiData.getExpiryTimeMillis() >= 0 || apiData.getByteLimit() >= 0) {
+            // Expiry time, bytes remaining, refresh time all need to come from the same source,
+            // otherwise data would be inconsistent. Prefer the capport API info if present,
+            // as it can generally be refreshed more often.
+            captivePortalBuilder.setExpiryTime(apiData.getExpiryTimeMillis());
+            captivePortalBuilder.setBytesRemaining(apiData.getByteLimit());
+            captivePortalBuilder.setRefreshTime(apiData.getRefreshTimeMillis());
+        } else if (naData.getExpiryTimeMillis() < 0 && naData.getByteLimit() < 0) {
+            // No source has time / bytes remaining information: surface the newest refresh time
+            // for other fields
+            captivePortalBuilder.setRefreshTime(
+                    Math.max(naData.getRefreshTimeMillis(), apiData.getRefreshTimeMillis()));
+        }
+
+        // Prioritize the user portal URL from the network agent if the source is authenticated.
+        if (apiData.getUserPortalUrl() != null && naData.getUserPortalUrlSource()
+                != CaptivePortalData.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_DATA_SOURCE_PASSPOINT) {
+            captivePortalBuilder.setUserPortalUrl(apiData.getUserPortalUrl(),
+                    apiData.getUserPortalUrlSource());
+        }
+        // Prioritize the venue information URL from the network agent if the source is
+        // authenticated.
+        if (apiData.getVenueInfoUrl() != null && naData.getVenueInfoUrlSource()
+                != CaptivePortalData.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_DATA_SOURCE_PASSPOINT) {
+            captivePortalBuilder.setVenueInfoUrl(apiData.getVenueInfoUrl(),
+                    apiData.getVenueInfoUrlSource());
+        }
+        return captivePortalBuilder.build();
+    }
+
+    private void wakeupModifyInterface(String iface, NetworkCapabilities caps, boolean add) {
+        // Marks are only available on WiFi interfaces. Checking for
+        // marks on unsupported interfaces is harmless.
+        if (!caps.hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        int mark = mResources.get().getInteger(R.integer.config_networkWakeupPacketMark);
+        int mask = mResources.get().getInteger(R.integer.config_networkWakeupPacketMask);
+
+        // Mask/mark of zero will not detect anything interesting.
+        // Don't install rules unless both values are nonzero.
+        if (mark == 0 || mask == 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final String prefix = "iface:" + iface;
+        try {
+            if (add) {
+                mNetd.wakeupAddInterface(iface, prefix, mark, mask);
+            } else {
+                mNetd.wakeupDelInterface(iface, prefix, mark, mask);
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            loge("Exception modifying wakeup packet monitoring: " + e);
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    private void updateInterfaces(final @Nullable LinkProperties newLp,
+            final @Nullable LinkProperties oldLp, final int netId,
+            final @NonNull NetworkCapabilities caps) {
+        final CompareResult<String> interfaceDiff = new CompareResult<>(
+                oldLp != null ? oldLp.getAllInterfaceNames() : null,
+                newLp != null ? newLp.getAllInterfaceNames() : null);
+        if (!interfaceDiff.added.isEmpty()) {
+            for (final String iface : interfaceDiff.added) {
+                try {
+                    if (DBG) log("Adding iface " + iface + " to network " + netId);
+                    mNetd.networkAddInterface(netId, iface);
+                    wakeupModifyInterface(iface, caps, true);
+                    mDeps.reportNetworkInterfaceForTransports(mContext, iface,
+                            caps.getTransportTypes());
+                } catch (Exception e) {
+                    logw("Exception adding interface: " + e);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        for (final String iface : interfaceDiff.removed) {
+            try {
+                if (DBG) log("Removing iface " + iface + " from network " + netId);
+                wakeupModifyInterface(iface, caps, false);
+                mNetd.networkRemoveInterface(netId, iface);
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                loge("Exception removing interface: " + e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // TODO: move to frameworks/libs/net.
+    private RouteInfoParcel convertRouteInfo(RouteInfo route) {
+        final String nextHop;
+
+        switch (route.getType()) {
+            case RouteInfo.RTN_UNICAST:
+                if (route.hasGateway()) {
+                    nextHop = route.getGateway().getHostAddress();
+                } else {
+                    nextHop = INetd.NEXTHOP_NONE;
+                }
+                break;
+            case RouteInfo.RTN_UNREACHABLE:
+                nextHop = INetd.NEXTHOP_UNREACHABLE;
+                break;
+            case RouteInfo.RTN_THROW:
+                nextHop = INetd.NEXTHOP_THROW;
+                break;
+            default:
+                nextHop = INetd.NEXTHOP_NONE;
+                break;
+        }
+
+        final RouteInfoParcel rip = new RouteInfoParcel();
+        rip.ifName = route.getInterface();
+        rip.destination = route.getDestination().toString();
+        rip.nextHop = nextHop;
+        rip.mtu = route.getMtu();
+
+        return rip;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Have netd update routes from oldLp to newLp.
+     * @return true if routes changed between oldLp and newLp
+     */
+    private boolean updateRoutes(LinkProperties newLp, LinkProperties oldLp, int netId) {
+        // compare the route diff to determine which routes have been updated
+        final CompareOrUpdateResult<RouteInfo.RouteKey, RouteInfo> routeDiff =
+                new CompareOrUpdateResult<>(
+                        oldLp != null ? oldLp.getAllRoutes() : null,
+                        newLp != null ? newLp.getAllRoutes() : null,
+                        (r) -> r.getRouteKey());
+
+        // add routes before removing old in case it helps with continuous connectivity
+
+        // do this twice, adding non-next-hop routes first, then routes they are dependent on
+        for (RouteInfo route : routeDiff.added) {
+            if (route.hasGateway()) continue;
+            if (VDBG || DDBG) log("Adding Route [" + route + "] to network " + netId);
+            try {
+                mNetd.networkAddRouteParcel(netId, convertRouteInfo(route));
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                if ((route.getDestination().getAddress() instanceof Inet4Address) || VDBG) {
+                    loge("Exception in networkAddRouteParcel for non-gateway: " + e);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        for (RouteInfo route : routeDiff.added) {
+            if (!route.hasGateway()) continue;
+            if (VDBG || DDBG) log("Adding Route [" + route + "] to network " + netId);
+            try {
+                mNetd.networkAddRouteParcel(netId, convertRouteInfo(route));
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                if ((route.getGateway() instanceof Inet4Address) || VDBG) {
+                    loge("Exception in networkAddRouteParcel for gateway: " + e);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (RouteInfo route : routeDiff.removed) {
+            if (VDBG || DDBG) log("Removing Route [" + route + "] from network " + netId);
+            try {
+                mNetd.networkRemoveRouteParcel(netId, convertRouteInfo(route));
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                loge("Exception in networkRemoveRouteParcel: " + e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (RouteInfo route : routeDiff.updated) {
+            if (VDBG || DDBG) log("Updating Route [" + route + "] from network " + netId);
+            try {
+                mNetd.networkUpdateRouteParcel(netId, convertRouteInfo(route));
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                loge("Exception in networkUpdateRouteParcel: " + e);
+            }
+        }
+        return !routeDiff.added.isEmpty() || !routeDiff.removed.isEmpty()
+                || !routeDiff.updated.isEmpty();
+    }
+
+    private void updateDnses(LinkProperties newLp, LinkProperties oldLp, int netId) {
+        if (oldLp != null && newLp.isIdenticalDnses(oldLp)) {
+            return;  // no updating necessary
+        }
+
+        if (DBG) {
+            final Collection<InetAddress> dnses = newLp.getDnsServers();
+            log("Setting DNS servers for network " + netId + " to " + dnses);
+        }
+        try {
+            mDnsManager.noteDnsServersForNetwork(netId, newLp);
+            mDnsManager.flushVmDnsCache();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            loge("Exception in setDnsConfigurationForNetwork: " + e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void updateVpnFiltering(LinkProperties newLp, LinkProperties oldLp,
+            NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        final String oldIface = oldLp != null ? oldLp.getInterfaceName() : null;
+        final String newIface = newLp != null ? newLp.getInterfaceName() : null;
+        final boolean wasFiltering = requiresVpnIsolation(nai, nai.networkCapabilities, oldLp);
+        final boolean needsFiltering = requiresVpnIsolation(nai, nai.networkCapabilities, newLp);
+
+        if (!wasFiltering && !needsFiltering) {
+            // Nothing to do.
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (Objects.equals(oldIface, newIface) && (wasFiltering == needsFiltering)) {
+            // Nothing changed.
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final Set<UidRange> ranges = nai.networkCapabilities.getUidRanges();
+        final int vpnAppUid = nai.networkCapabilities.getOwnerUid();
+        // TODO: this create a window of opportunity for apps to receive traffic between the time
+        // when the old rules are removed and the time when new rules are added. To fix this,
+        // make eBPF support two allowlisted interfaces so here new rules can be added before the
+        // old rules are being removed.
+        if (wasFiltering) {
+            mPermissionMonitor.onVpnUidRangesRemoved(oldIface, ranges, vpnAppUid);
+        }
+        if (needsFiltering) {
+            mPermissionMonitor.onVpnUidRangesAdded(newIface, ranges, vpnAppUid);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void updateWakeOnLan(@NonNull LinkProperties lp) {
+        if (mWolSupportedInterfaces == null) {
+            mWolSupportedInterfaces = new ArraySet<>(mResources.get().getStringArray(
+                    R.array.config_wakeonlan_supported_interfaces));
+        }
+        lp.setWakeOnLanSupported(mWolSupportedInterfaces.contains(lp.getInterfaceName()));
+    }
+
+    private int getNetworkPermission(NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        if (!nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)) {
+            return INetd.PERMISSION_SYSTEM;
+        }
+        if (!nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND)) {
+            return INetd.PERMISSION_NETWORK;
+        }
+        return INetd.PERMISSION_NONE;
+    }
+
+    private void updateNetworkPermissions(@NonNull final NetworkAgentInfo nai,
+            @NonNull final NetworkCapabilities newNc) {
+        final int oldPermission = getNetworkPermission(nai.networkCapabilities);
+        final int newPermission = getNetworkPermission(newNc);
+        if (oldPermission != newPermission && nai.created && !nai.isVPN()) {
+            try {
+                mNetd.networkSetPermissionForNetwork(nai.network.getNetId(), newPermission);
+            } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+                loge("Exception in networkSetPermissionForNetwork: " + e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called when receiving NetworkCapabilities directly from a NetworkAgent.
+     * Stores into |nai| any data coming from the agent that might also be written to the network's
+     * NetworkCapabilities by ConnectivityService itself. This ensures that the data provided by the
+     * agent is not lost when updateCapabilities is called.
+     */
+    private void processCapabilitiesFromAgent(NetworkAgentInfo nai, NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        if (nc.hasConnectivityManagedCapability()) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "BUG: " + nai + " has CS-managed capability.");
+        }
+        // Note: resetting the owner UID before storing the agent capabilities in NAI means that if
+        // the agent attempts to change the owner UID, then nai.declaredCapabilities will not
+        // actually be the same as the capabilities sent by the agent. Still, it is safer to reset
+        // the owner UID here and behave as if the agent had never tried to change it.
+        if (nai.networkCapabilities.getOwnerUid() != nc.getOwnerUid()) {
+            Log.e(TAG, nai.toShortString() + ": ignoring attempt to change owner from "
+                    + nai.networkCapabilities.getOwnerUid() + " to " + nc.getOwnerUid());
+            nc.setOwnerUid(nai.networkCapabilities.getOwnerUid());
+        }
+        nai.declaredCapabilities = new NetworkCapabilities(nc);
+        NetworkAgentInfo.restrictCapabilitiesFromNetworkAgent(nc, nai.creatorUid,
+                mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator);
+    }
+
+    /** Modifies |newNc| based on the capabilities of |underlyingNetworks| and |agentCaps|. */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    void applyUnderlyingCapabilities(@Nullable Network[] underlyingNetworks,
+            @NonNull NetworkCapabilities agentCaps, @NonNull NetworkCapabilities newNc) {
+        underlyingNetworks = underlyingNetworksOrDefault(
+                agentCaps.getOwnerUid(), underlyingNetworks);
+        long transportTypes = NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.packBits(agentCaps.getTransportTypes());
+        int downKbps = NetworkCapabilities.LINK_BANDWIDTH_UNSPECIFIED;
+        int upKbps = NetworkCapabilities.LINK_BANDWIDTH_UNSPECIFIED;
+        // metered if any underlying is metered, or originally declared metered by the agent.
+        boolean metered = !agentCaps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        boolean roaming = false; // roaming if any underlying is roaming
+        boolean congested = false; // congested if any underlying is congested
+        boolean suspended = true; // suspended if all underlying are suspended
+
+        boolean hadUnderlyingNetworks = false;
+        ArrayList<Network> newUnderlyingNetworks = null;
+        if (null != underlyingNetworks) {
+            newUnderlyingNetworks = new ArrayList<>();
+            for (Network underlyingNetwork : underlyingNetworks) {
+                final NetworkAgentInfo underlying =
+                        getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(underlyingNetwork);
+                if (underlying == null) continue;
+
+                final NetworkCapabilities underlyingCaps = underlying.networkCapabilities;
+                hadUnderlyingNetworks = true;
+                for (int underlyingType : underlyingCaps.getTransportTypes()) {
+                    transportTypes |= 1L << underlyingType;
+                }
+
+                // Merge capabilities of this underlying network. For bandwidth, assume the
+                // worst case.
+                downKbps = NetworkCapabilities.minBandwidth(downKbps,
+                        underlyingCaps.getLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps());
+                upKbps = NetworkCapabilities.minBandwidth(upKbps,
+                        underlyingCaps.getLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps());
+                // If this underlying network is metered, the VPN is metered (it may cost money
+                // to send packets on this network).
+                metered |= !underlyingCaps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+                // If this underlying network is roaming, the VPN is roaming (the billing structure
+                // is different than the usual, local one).
+                roaming |= !underlyingCaps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING);
+                // If this underlying network is congested, the VPN is congested (the current
+                // condition of the network affects the performance of this network).
+                congested |= !underlyingCaps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED);
+                // If this network is not suspended, the VPN is not suspended (the VPN
+                // is able to transfer some data).
+                suspended &= !underlyingCaps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED);
+                newUnderlyingNetworks.add(underlyingNetwork);
+            }
+        }
+        if (!hadUnderlyingNetworks) {
+            // No idea what the underlying networks are; assume reasonable defaults
+            metered = true;
+            roaming = false;
+            congested = false;
+            suspended = false;
+        }
+
+        newNc.setTransportTypes(NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.unpackBits(transportTypes));
+        newNc.setLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps(downKbps);
+        newNc.setLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps(upKbps);
+        newNc.setCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED, !metered);
+        newNc.setCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING, !roaming);
+        newNc.setCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED, !congested);
+        newNc.setCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED, !suspended);
+        newNc.setUnderlyingNetworks(newUnderlyingNetworks);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Augments the NetworkCapabilities passed in by a NetworkAgent with capabilities that are
+     * maintained here that the NetworkAgent is not aware of (e.g., validated, captive portal,
+     * and foreground status).
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    private NetworkCapabilities mixInCapabilities(NetworkAgentInfo nai, NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        // Once a NetworkAgent is connected, complain if some immutable capabilities are removed.
+         // Don't complain for VPNs since they're not driven by requests and there is no risk of
+         // causing a connect/teardown loop.
+         // TODO: remove this altogether and make it the responsibility of the NetworkProviders to
+         // avoid connect/teardown loops.
+        if (nai.everConnected &&
+                !nai.isVPN() &&
+                !nai.networkCapabilities.satisfiedByImmutableNetworkCapabilities(nc)) {
+            // TODO: consider not complaining when a network agent degrades its capabilities if this
+            // does not cause any request (that is not a listen) currently matching that agent to
+            // stop being matched by the updated agent.
+            String diff = nai.networkCapabilities.describeImmutableDifferences(nc);
+            if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(diff)) {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "BUG: " + nai + " lost immutable capabilities:" + diff);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Don't modify caller's NetworkCapabilities.
+        final NetworkCapabilities newNc = new NetworkCapabilities(nc);
+        if (nai.lastValidated) {
+            newNc.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED);
+        } else {
+            newNc.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED);
+        }
+        if (nai.lastCaptivePortalDetected) {
+            newNc.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL);
+        } else {
+            newNc.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL);
+        }
+        if (nai.isBackgroundNetwork()) {
+            newNc.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND);
+        } else {
+            newNc.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND);
+        }
+        if (nai.partialConnectivity) {
+            newNc.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY);
+        } else {
+            newNc.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY);
+        }
+        newNc.setPrivateDnsBroken(nai.networkCapabilities.isPrivateDnsBroken());
+
+        // TODO : remove this once all factories are updated to send NOT_SUSPENDED and NOT_ROAMING
+        if (!newNc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)) {
+            newNc.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED);
+            newNc.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING);
+        }
+
+        if (nai.propagateUnderlyingCapabilities()) {
+            applyUnderlyingCapabilities(nai.declaredUnderlyingNetworks, nai.declaredCapabilities,
+                    newNc);
+        }
+
+        return newNc;
+    }
+
+    private void updateNetworkInfoForRoamingAndSuspended(NetworkAgentInfo nai,
+            NetworkCapabilities prevNc, NetworkCapabilities newNc) {
+        final boolean prevSuspended = !prevNc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED);
+        final boolean suspended = !newNc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED);
+        final boolean prevRoaming = !prevNc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING);
+        final boolean roaming = !newNc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING);
+        if (prevSuspended != suspended) {
+            // TODO (b/73132094) : remove this call once the few users of onSuspended and
+            // onResumed have been removed.
+            notifyNetworkCallbacks(nai, suspended ? ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_SUSPENDED
+                    : ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_RESUMED);
+        }
+        if (prevSuspended != suspended || prevRoaming != roaming) {
+            // updateNetworkInfo will mix in the suspended info from the capabilities and
+            // take appropriate action for the network having possibly changed state.
+            updateNetworkInfo(nai, nai.networkInfo);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Update the NetworkCapabilities for {@code nai} to {@code nc}. Specifically:
+     *
+     * 1. Calls mixInCapabilities to merge the passed-in NetworkCapabilities {@code nc} with the
+     *    capabilities we manage and store in {@code nai}, such as validated status and captive
+     *    portal status)
+     * 2. Takes action on the result: changes network permissions, sends CAP_CHANGED callbacks, and
+     *    potentially triggers rematches.
+     * 3. Directly informs other network stack components (NetworkStatsService, VPNs, etc. of the
+     *    change.)
+     *
+     * @param oldScore score of the network before any of the changes that prompted us
+     *                 to call this function.
+     * @param nai the network having its capabilities updated.
+     * @param nc the new network capabilities.
+     */
+    private void updateCapabilities(final int oldScore, @NonNull final NetworkAgentInfo nai,
+            @NonNull final NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        NetworkCapabilities newNc = mixInCapabilities(nai, nc);
+        if (Objects.equals(nai.networkCapabilities, newNc)) return;
+        updateNetworkPermissions(nai, newNc);
+        final NetworkCapabilities prevNc = nai.getAndSetNetworkCapabilities(newNc);
+
+        updateVpnUids(nai, prevNc, newNc);
+        updateAllowedUids(nai, prevNc, newNc);
+        nai.updateScoreForNetworkAgentUpdate();
+
+        if (nai.getCurrentScore() == oldScore && newNc.equalRequestableCapabilities(prevNc)) {
+            // If the requestable capabilities haven't changed, and the score hasn't changed, then
+            // the change we're processing can't affect any requests, it can only affect the listens
+            // on this network. We might have been called by rematchNetworkAndRequests when a
+            // network changed foreground state.
+            processListenRequests(nai);
+        } else {
+            // If the requestable capabilities have changed or the score changed, we can't have been
+            // called by rematchNetworkAndRequests, so it's safe to start a rematch.
+            rematchAllNetworksAndRequests();
+            notifyNetworkCallbacks(nai, ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_CAP_CHANGED);
+        }
+        updateNetworkInfoForRoamingAndSuspended(nai, prevNc, newNc);
+
+        final boolean oldMetered = prevNc.isMetered();
+        final boolean newMetered = newNc.isMetered();
+        final boolean meteredChanged = oldMetered != newMetered;
+
+        if (meteredChanged) {
+            maybeNotifyNetworkBlocked(nai, oldMetered, newMetered,
+                    mVpnBlockedUidRanges, mVpnBlockedUidRanges);
+        }
+
+        final boolean roamingChanged = prevNc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING)
+                != newNc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING);
+
+        // Report changes that are interesting for network statistics tracking.
+        if (meteredChanged || roamingChanged) {
+            notifyIfacesChangedForNetworkStats();
+        }
+
+        // This network might have been underlying another network. Propagate its capabilities.
+        propagateUnderlyingNetworkCapabilities(nai.network);
+
+        if (!newNc.equalsTransportTypes(prevNc)) {
+            mDnsManager.updateTransportsForNetwork(
+                    nai.network.getNetId(), newNc.getTransportTypes());
+        }
+
+        maybeSendProxyBroadcast(nai, prevNc, newNc);
+    }
+
+    /** Convenience method to update the capabilities for a given network. */
+    private void updateCapabilitiesForNetwork(NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        updateCapabilities(nai.getCurrentScore(), nai, nai.networkCapabilities);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether VPN isolation (ingress interface filtering) should be applied on the given
+     * network.
+     *
+     * Ingress interface filtering enforces that all apps under the given network can only receive
+     * packets from the network's interface (and loopback). This is important for VPNs because
+     * apps that cannot bypass a fully-routed VPN shouldn't be able to receive packets from any
+     * non-VPN interfaces.
+     *
+     * As a result, this method should return true iff
+     *  1. the network is an app VPN (not legacy VPN)
+     *  2. the VPN does not allow bypass
+     *  3. the VPN is fully-routed
+     *  4. the VPN interface is non-null
+     *
+     * @see INetd#firewallAddUidInterfaceRules
+     * @see INetd#firewallRemoveUidInterfaceRules
+     */
+    private boolean requiresVpnIsolation(@NonNull NetworkAgentInfo nai, NetworkCapabilities nc,
+            LinkProperties lp) {
+        if (nc == null || lp == null) return false;
+        return nai.isVPN()
+                && !nai.networkAgentConfig.allowBypass
+                && nc.getOwnerUid() != Process.SYSTEM_UID
+                && lp.getInterfaceName() != null
+                && (lp.hasIpv4DefaultRoute() || lp.hasIpv4UnreachableDefaultRoute())
+                && (lp.hasIpv6DefaultRoute() || lp.hasIpv6UnreachableDefaultRoute());
+    }
+
+    private static UidRangeParcel[] toUidRangeStableParcels(final @NonNull Set<UidRange> ranges) {
+        final UidRangeParcel[] stableRanges = new UidRangeParcel[ranges.size()];
+        int index = 0;
+        for (UidRange range : ranges) {
+            stableRanges[index] = new UidRangeParcel(range.start, range.stop);
+            index++;
+        }
+        return stableRanges;
+    }
+
+    private static UidRangeParcel[] intsToUidRangeStableParcels(
+            final @NonNull ArraySet<Integer> uids) {
+        final UidRangeParcel[] stableRanges = new UidRangeParcel[uids.size()];
+        int index = 0;
+        for (int uid : uids) {
+            stableRanges[index] = new UidRangeParcel(uid, uid);
+            index++;
+        }
+        return stableRanges;
+    }
+
+    private static UidRangeParcel[] toUidRangeStableParcels(UidRange[] ranges) {
+        final UidRangeParcel[] stableRanges = new UidRangeParcel[ranges.length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < ranges.length; i++) {
+            stableRanges[i] = new UidRangeParcel(ranges[i].start, ranges[i].stop);
+        }
+        return stableRanges;
+    }
+
+    private void maybeCloseSockets(NetworkAgentInfo nai, UidRangeParcel[] ranges,
+            int[] exemptUids) {
+        if (nai.isVPN() && !nai.networkAgentConfig.allowBypass) {
+            try {
+                mNetd.socketDestroy(ranges, exemptUids);
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                loge("Exception in socket destroy: ", e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void updateVpnUidRanges(boolean add, NetworkAgentInfo nai, Set<UidRange> uidRanges) {
+        int[] exemptUids = new int[2];
+        // TODO: Excluding VPN_UID is necessary in order to not to kill the TCP connection used
+        // by PPTP. Fix this by making Vpn set the owner UID to VPN_UID instead of system when
+        // starting a legacy VPN, and remove VPN_UID here. (b/176542831)
+        exemptUids[0] = VPN_UID;
+        exemptUids[1] = nai.networkCapabilities.getOwnerUid();
+        UidRangeParcel[] ranges = toUidRangeStableParcels(uidRanges);
+
+        maybeCloseSockets(nai, ranges, exemptUids);
+        try {
+            if (add) {
+                mNetd.networkAddUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                        nai.network.netId, ranges, PREFERENCE_ORDER_VPN));
+            } else {
+                mNetd.networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                        nai.network.netId, ranges, PREFERENCE_ORDER_VPN));
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            loge("Exception while " + (add ? "adding" : "removing") + " uid ranges " + uidRanges +
+                    " on netId " + nai.network.netId + ". " + e);
+        }
+        maybeCloseSockets(nai, ranges, exemptUids);
+    }
+
+    private boolean isProxySetOnAnyDefaultNetwork() {
+        ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
+        for (final NetworkRequestInfo nri : mDefaultNetworkRequests) {
+            final NetworkAgentInfo nai = nri.getSatisfier();
+            if (nai != null && nai.linkProperties.getHttpProxy() != null) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private void maybeSendProxyBroadcast(NetworkAgentInfo nai, NetworkCapabilities prevNc,
+            NetworkCapabilities newNc) {
+        // When the apps moved from/to a VPN, a proxy broadcast is needed to inform the apps that
+        // the proxy might be changed since the default network satisfied by the apps might also
+        // changed.
+        // TODO: Try to track the default network that apps use and only send a proxy broadcast when
+        //  that happens to prevent false alarms.
+        final Set<UidRange> prevUids = prevNc == null ? null : prevNc.getUidRanges();
+        final Set<UidRange> newUids = newNc == null ? null : newNc.getUidRanges();
+        if (nai.isVPN() && nai.everConnected && !UidRange.hasSameUids(prevUids, newUids)
+                && (nai.linkProperties.getHttpProxy() != null || isProxySetOnAnyDefaultNetwork())) {
+            mProxyTracker.sendProxyBroadcast();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void updateVpnUids(@NonNull NetworkAgentInfo nai, @Nullable NetworkCapabilities prevNc,
+            @Nullable NetworkCapabilities newNc) {
+        Set<UidRange> prevRanges = null == prevNc ? null : prevNc.getUidRanges();
+        Set<UidRange> newRanges = null == newNc ? null : newNc.getUidRanges();
+        if (null == prevRanges) prevRanges = new ArraySet<>();
+        if (null == newRanges) newRanges = new ArraySet<>();
+        final Set<UidRange> prevRangesCopy = new ArraySet<>(prevRanges);
+
+        prevRanges.removeAll(newRanges);
+        newRanges.removeAll(prevRangesCopy);
+
+        try {
+            // When updating the VPN uid routing rules, add the new range first then remove the old
+            // range. If old range were removed first, there would be a window between the old
+            // range being removed and the new range being added, during which UIDs contained
+            // in both ranges are not subject to any VPN routing rules. Adding new range before
+            // removing old range works because, unlike the filtering rules below, it's possible to
+            // add duplicate UID routing rules.
+            // TODO: calculate the intersection of add & remove. Imagining that we are trying to
+            // remove uid 3 from a set containing 1-5. Intersection of the prev and new sets is:
+            //   [1-5] & [1-2],[4-5] == [3]
+            // Then we can do:
+            //   maybeCloseSockets([3])
+            //   mNetd.networkAddUidRanges([1-2],[4-5])
+            //   mNetd.networkRemoveUidRanges([1-5])
+            //   maybeCloseSockets([3])
+            // This can prevent the sockets of uid 1-2, 4-5 from being closed. It also reduce the
+            // number of binder calls from 6 to 4.
+            if (!newRanges.isEmpty()) {
+                updateVpnUidRanges(true, nai, newRanges);
+            }
+            if (!prevRanges.isEmpty()) {
+                updateVpnUidRanges(false, nai, prevRanges);
+            }
+            final boolean wasFiltering = requiresVpnIsolation(nai, prevNc, nai.linkProperties);
+            final boolean shouldFilter = requiresVpnIsolation(nai, newNc, nai.linkProperties);
+            final String iface = nai.linkProperties.getInterfaceName();
+            // For VPN uid interface filtering, old ranges need to be removed before new ranges can
+            // be added, due to the range being expanded and stored as individual UIDs. For example
+            // the UIDs might be updated from [0, 99999] to ([0, 10012], [10014, 99999]) which means
+            // prevRanges = [0, 99999] while newRanges = [0, 10012], [10014, 99999]. If prevRanges
+            // were added first and then newRanges got removed later, there would be only one uid
+            // 10013 left. A consequence of removing old ranges before adding new ranges is that
+            // there is now a window of opportunity when the UIDs are not subject to any filtering.
+            // Note that this is in contrast with the (more robust) update of VPN routing rules
+            // above, where the addition of new ranges happens before the removal of old ranges.
+            // TODO Fix this window by computing an accurate diff on Set<UidRange>, so the old range
+            // to be removed will never overlap with the new range to be added.
+            if (wasFiltering && !prevRanges.isEmpty()) {
+                mPermissionMonitor.onVpnUidRangesRemoved(iface, prevRanges, prevNc.getOwnerUid());
+            }
+            if (shouldFilter && !newRanges.isEmpty()) {
+                mPermissionMonitor.onVpnUidRangesAdded(iface, newRanges, newNc.getOwnerUid());
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            // Never crash!
+            loge("Exception in updateVpnUids: ", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void updateAllowedUids(@NonNull NetworkAgentInfo nai,
+            @Nullable NetworkCapabilities prevNc, @Nullable NetworkCapabilities newNc) {
+        // In almost all cases both NC code for empty access UIDs. return as fast as possible.
+        final boolean prevEmpty = null == prevNc || prevNc.getAllowedUidsNoCopy().isEmpty();
+        final boolean newEmpty = null == newNc || newNc.getAllowedUidsNoCopy().isEmpty();
+        if (prevEmpty && newEmpty) return;
+
+        final ArraySet<Integer> prevUids =
+                null == prevNc ? new ArraySet<>() : prevNc.getAllowedUidsNoCopy();
+        final ArraySet<Integer> newUids =
+                null == newNc ? new ArraySet<>() : newNc.getAllowedUidsNoCopy();
+
+        if (prevUids.equals(newUids)) return;
+
+        // This implementation is very simple and vastly faster for sets of Integers than
+        // CompareOrUpdateResult, which is tuned for sets that need to be compared based on
+        // a key computed from the value and has storage for that.
+        final ArraySet<Integer> toRemove = new ArraySet<>(prevUids);
+        final ArraySet<Integer> toAdd = new ArraySet<>(newUids);
+        toRemove.removeAll(newUids);
+        toAdd.removeAll(prevUids);
+
+        try {
+            if (!toAdd.isEmpty()) {
+                mNetd.networkAddUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                        nai.network.netId,
+                        intsToUidRangeStableParcels(toAdd),
+                        PREFERENCE_ORDER_IRRELEVANT_BECAUSE_NOT_DEFAULT));
+            }
+            if (!toRemove.isEmpty()) {
+                mNetd.networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                        nai.network.netId,
+                        intsToUidRangeStableParcels(toRemove),
+                        PREFERENCE_ORDER_IRRELEVANT_BECAUSE_NOT_DEFAULT));
+            }
+        } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            // Has the interface disappeared since the network was built ?
+            Log.i(TAG, "Can't set access UIDs for network " + nai.network, e);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            // Netd died. This usually causes a runtime restart anyway.
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void handleUpdateLinkProperties(NetworkAgentInfo nai, LinkProperties newLp) {
+        ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
+
+        if (!mNetworkAgentInfos.contains(nai)) {
+            // Ignore updates for disconnected networks
+            return;
+        }
+        if (VDBG || DDBG) {
+            log("Update of LinkProperties for " + nai.toShortString()
+                    + "; created=" + nai.created
+                    + "; everConnected=" + nai.everConnected);
+        }
+        // TODO: eliminate this defensive copy after confirming that updateLinkProperties does not
+        // modify its oldLp parameter.
+        updateLinkProperties(nai, newLp, new LinkProperties(nai.linkProperties));
+    }
+
+    private void sendPendingIntentForRequest(NetworkRequestInfo nri, NetworkAgentInfo networkAgent,
+            int notificationType) {
+        if (notificationType == ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_AVAILABLE && !nri.mPendingIntentSent) {
+            Intent intent = new Intent();
+            intent.putExtra(ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_NETWORK, networkAgent.network);
+            // If apps could file multi-layer requests with PendingIntents, they'd need to know
+            // which of the layer is satisfied alongside with some ID for the request. Hence, if
+            // such an API is ever implemented, there is no doubt the right request to send in
+            // EXTRA_NETWORK_REQUEST is the active request, and whatever ID would be added would
+            // need to be sent as a separate extra.
+            final NetworkRequest req = nri.isMultilayerRequest()
+                    ? nri.getActiveRequest()
+                    // Non-multilayer listen requests do not have an active request
+                    : nri.mRequests.get(0);
+            if (req == null) {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "No request in NRI " + nri);
+            }
+            intent.putExtra(ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_REQUEST, req);
+            nri.mPendingIntentSent = true;
+            sendIntent(nri.mPendingIntent, intent);
+        }
+        // else not handled
+    }
+
+    private void sendIntent(PendingIntent pendingIntent, Intent intent) {
+        mPendingIntentWakeLock.acquire();
+        try {
+            if (DBG) log("Sending " + pendingIntent);
+            pendingIntent.send(mContext, 0, intent, this /* onFinished */, null /* Handler */);
+        } catch (PendingIntent.CanceledException e) {
+            if (DBG) log(pendingIntent + " was not sent, it had been canceled.");
+            mPendingIntentWakeLock.release();
+            releasePendingNetworkRequest(pendingIntent);
+        }
+        // ...otherwise, mPendingIntentWakeLock.release() gets called by onSendFinished()
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onSendFinished(PendingIntent pendingIntent, Intent intent, int resultCode,
+            String resultData, Bundle resultExtras) {
+        if (DBG) log("Finished sending " + pendingIntent);
+        mPendingIntentWakeLock.release();
+        // Release with a delay so the receiving client has an opportunity to put in its
+        // own request.
+        releasePendingNetworkRequestWithDelay(pendingIntent);
+    }
+
+    private void callCallbackForRequest(@NonNull final NetworkRequestInfo nri,
+            @NonNull final NetworkAgentInfo networkAgent, final int notificationType,
+            final int arg1) {
+        if (nri.mMessenger == null) {
+            // Default request has no msgr. Also prevents callbacks from being invoked for
+            // NetworkRequestInfos registered with ConnectivityDiagnostics requests. Those callbacks
+            // are Type.LISTEN, but should not have NetworkCallbacks invoked.
+            return;
+        }
+        Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
+        // TODO b/177608132: make sure callbacks are indexed by NRIs and not NetworkRequest objects.
+        // TODO: check if defensive copies of data is needed.
+        final NetworkRequest nrForCallback = nri.getNetworkRequestForCallback();
+        putParcelable(bundle, nrForCallback);
+        Message msg = Message.obtain();
+        if (notificationType != ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_UNAVAIL) {
+            putParcelable(bundle, networkAgent.network);
+        }
+        final boolean includeLocationSensitiveInfo =
+                (nri.mCallbackFlags & NetworkCallback.FLAG_INCLUDE_LOCATION_INFO) != 0;
+        switch (notificationType) {
+            case ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_AVAILABLE: {
+                final NetworkCapabilities nc =
+                        networkCapabilitiesRestrictedForCallerPermissions(
+                                networkAgent.networkCapabilities, nri.mPid, nri.mUid);
+                putParcelable(
+                        bundle,
+                        createWithLocationInfoSanitizedIfNecessaryWhenParceled(
+                                nc, includeLocationSensitiveInfo, nri.mPid, nri.mUid,
+                                nrForCallback.getRequestorPackageName(),
+                                nri.mCallingAttributionTag));
+                putParcelable(bundle, linkPropertiesRestrictedForCallerPermissions(
+                        networkAgent.linkProperties, nri.mPid, nri.mUid));
+                // For this notification, arg1 contains the blocked status.
+                msg.arg1 = arg1;
+                break;
+            }
+            case ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_LOSING: {
+                msg.arg1 = arg1;
+                break;
+            }
+            case ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_CAP_CHANGED: {
+                // networkAgent can't be null as it has been accessed a few lines above.
+                final NetworkCapabilities netCap =
+                        networkCapabilitiesRestrictedForCallerPermissions(
+                                networkAgent.networkCapabilities, nri.mPid, nri.mUid);
+                putParcelable(
+                        bundle,
+                        createWithLocationInfoSanitizedIfNecessaryWhenParceled(
+                                netCap, includeLocationSensitiveInfo, nri.mPid, nri.mUid,
+                                nrForCallback.getRequestorPackageName(),
+                                nri.mCallingAttributionTag));
+                break;
+            }
+            case ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_IP_CHANGED: {
+                putParcelable(bundle, linkPropertiesRestrictedForCallerPermissions(
+                        networkAgent.linkProperties, nri.mPid, nri.mUid));
+                break;
+            }
+            case ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_BLK_CHANGED: {
+                maybeLogBlockedStatusChanged(nri, networkAgent.network, arg1);
+                msg.arg1 = arg1;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        msg.what = notificationType;
+        msg.setData(bundle);
+        try {
+            if (VDBG) {
+                String notification = ConnectivityManager.getCallbackName(notificationType);
+                log("sending notification " + notification + " for " + nrForCallback);
+            }
+            nri.mMessenger.send(msg);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            // may occur naturally in the race of binder death.
+            loge("RemoteException caught trying to send a callback msg for " + nrForCallback);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static <T extends Parcelable> void putParcelable(Bundle bundle, T t) {
+        bundle.putParcelable(t.getClass().getSimpleName(), t);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether reassigning a request from an NAI to another can be done gracefully.
+     *
+     * When a request should be assigned to a new network, it is normally lingered to give
+     * time for apps to gracefully migrate their connections. When both networks are on the same
+     * radio, but that radio can't do time-sharing efficiently, this may end up being
+     * counter-productive because any traffic on the old network may drastically reduce the
+     * performance of the new network.
+     * The stack supports a configuration to let modem vendors state that their radio can't
+     * do time-sharing efficiently. If this configuration is set, the stack assumes moving
+     * from one cell network to another can't be done gracefully.
+     *
+     * @param oldNai the old network serving the request
+     * @param newNai the new network serving the request
+     * @return whether the switch can be graceful
+     */
+    private boolean canSupportGracefulNetworkSwitch(@NonNull final NetworkAgentInfo oldSatisfier,
+            @NonNull final NetworkAgentInfo newSatisfier) {
+        if (mCellularRadioTimesharingCapable) return true;
+        return !oldSatisfier.networkCapabilities.hasSingleTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                || !newSatisfier.networkCapabilities.hasSingleTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                || !newSatisfier.getScore().hasPolicy(POLICY_TRANSPORT_PRIMARY);
+    }
+
+    private void teardownUnneededNetwork(NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        if (nai.numRequestNetworkRequests() != 0) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < nai.numNetworkRequests(); i++) {
+                NetworkRequest nr = nai.requestAt(i);
+                // Ignore listening and track default requests.
+                if (!nr.isRequest()) continue;
+                loge("Dead network still had at least " + nr);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        nai.disconnect();
+    }
+
+    private void handleLingerComplete(NetworkAgentInfo oldNetwork) {
+        if (oldNetwork == null) {
+            loge("Unknown NetworkAgentInfo in handleLingerComplete");
+            return;
+        }
+        if (DBG) log("handleLingerComplete for " + oldNetwork.toShortString());
+
+        // If we get here it means that the last linger timeout for this network expired. So there
+        // must be no other active linger timers, and we must stop lingering.
+        oldNetwork.clearInactivityState();
+
+        if (unneeded(oldNetwork, UnneededFor.TEARDOWN)) {
+            // Tear the network down.
+            teardownUnneededNetwork(oldNetwork);
+        } else {
+            // Put the network in the background if it doesn't satisfy any foreground request.
+            updateCapabilitiesForNetwork(oldNetwork);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void processDefaultNetworkChanges(@NonNull final NetworkReassignment changes) {
+        boolean isDefaultChanged = false;
+        for (final NetworkRequestInfo defaultRequestInfo : mDefaultNetworkRequests) {
+            final NetworkReassignment.RequestReassignment reassignment =
+                    changes.getReassignment(defaultRequestInfo);
+            if (null == reassignment) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            // reassignment only contains those instances where the satisfying network changed.
+            isDefaultChanged = true;
+            // Notify system services of the new default.
+            makeDefault(defaultRequestInfo, reassignment.mOldNetwork, reassignment.mNewNetwork);
+        }
+
+        if (isDefaultChanged) {
+            // Hold a wakelock for a short time to help apps in migrating to a new default.
+            scheduleReleaseNetworkTransitionWakelock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void makeDefault(@NonNull final NetworkRequestInfo nri,
+            @Nullable final NetworkAgentInfo oldDefaultNetwork,
+            @Nullable final NetworkAgentInfo newDefaultNetwork) {
+        if (DBG) {
+            log("Switching to new default network for: " + nri + " using " + newDefaultNetwork);
+        }
+
+        // Fix up the NetworkCapabilities of any networks that have this network as underlying.
+        if (newDefaultNetwork != null) {
+            propagateUnderlyingNetworkCapabilities(newDefaultNetwork.network);
+        }
+
+        // Set an app level managed default and return since further processing only applies to the
+        // default network.
+        if (mDefaultRequest != nri) {
+            makeDefaultForApps(nri, oldDefaultNetwork, newDefaultNetwork);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        makeDefaultNetwork(newDefaultNetwork);
+
+        if (oldDefaultNetwork != null) {
+            mLingerMonitor.noteLingerDefaultNetwork(oldDefaultNetwork, newDefaultNetwork);
+        }
+        mNetworkActivityTracker.updateDataActivityTracking(newDefaultNetwork, oldDefaultNetwork);
+        handleApplyDefaultProxy(null != newDefaultNetwork
+                ? newDefaultNetwork.linkProperties.getHttpProxy() : null);
+        updateTcpBufferSizes(null != newDefaultNetwork
+                ? newDefaultNetwork.linkProperties.getTcpBufferSizes() : null);
+        notifyIfacesChangedForNetworkStats();
+    }
+
+    private void makeDefaultForApps(@NonNull final NetworkRequestInfo nri,
+            @Nullable final NetworkAgentInfo oldDefaultNetwork,
+            @Nullable final NetworkAgentInfo newDefaultNetwork) {
+        try {
+            if (VDBG) {
+                log("Setting default network for " + nri
+                        + " using UIDs " + nri.getUids()
+                        + " with old network " + (oldDefaultNetwork != null
+                        ? oldDefaultNetwork.network().getNetId() : "null")
+                        + " and new network " + (newDefaultNetwork != null
+                        ? newDefaultNetwork.network().getNetId() : "null"));
+            }
+            if (nri.getUids().isEmpty()) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("makeDefaultForApps called without specifying"
+                        + " any applications to set as the default." + nri);
+            }
+            if (null != newDefaultNetwork) {
+                mNetd.networkAddUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                        newDefaultNetwork.network.getNetId(),
+                        toUidRangeStableParcels(nri.getUids()),
+                        nri.getPreferenceOrderForNetd()));
+            }
+            if (null != oldDefaultNetwork) {
+                mNetd.networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                        oldDefaultNetwork.network.getNetId(),
+                        toUidRangeStableParcels(nri.getUids()),
+                        nri.getPreferenceOrderForNetd()));
+            }
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            loge("Exception setting app default network", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void makeDefaultNetwork(@Nullable final NetworkAgentInfo newDefaultNetwork) {
+        try {
+            if (null != newDefaultNetwork) {
+                mNetd.networkSetDefault(newDefaultNetwork.network.getNetId());
+            } else {
+                mNetd.networkClearDefault();
+            }
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            loge("Exception setting default network :" + e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void processListenRequests(@NonNull final NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        // For consistency with previous behaviour, send onLost callbacks before onAvailable.
+        processNewlyLostListenRequests(nai);
+        notifyNetworkCallbacks(nai, ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_CAP_CHANGED);
+        processNewlySatisfiedListenRequests(nai);
+    }
+
+    private void processNewlyLostListenRequests(@NonNull final NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        for (final NetworkRequestInfo nri : mNetworkRequests.values()) {
+            if (nri.isMultilayerRequest()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            final NetworkRequest nr = nri.mRequests.get(0);
+            if (!nr.isListen()) continue;
+            if (nai.isSatisfyingRequest(nr.requestId) && !nai.satisfies(nr)) {
+                nai.removeRequest(nr.requestId);
+                callCallbackForRequest(nri, nai, ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_LOST, 0);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void processNewlySatisfiedListenRequests(@NonNull final NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        for (final NetworkRequestInfo nri : mNetworkRequests.values()) {
+            if (nri.isMultilayerRequest()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            final NetworkRequest nr = nri.mRequests.get(0);
+            if (!nr.isListen()) continue;
+            if (nai.satisfies(nr) && !nai.isSatisfyingRequest(nr.requestId)) {
+                nai.addRequest(nr);
+                notifyNetworkAvailable(nai, nri);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // An accumulator class to gather the list of changes that result from a rematch.
+    private static class NetworkReassignment {
+        static class RequestReassignment {
+            @NonNull public final NetworkRequestInfo mNetworkRequestInfo;
+            @Nullable public final NetworkRequest mOldNetworkRequest;
+            @Nullable public final NetworkRequest mNewNetworkRequest;
+            @Nullable public final NetworkAgentInfo mOldNetwork;
+            @Nullable public final NetworkAgentInfo mNewNetwork;
+            RequestReassignment(@NonNull final NetworkRequestInfo networkRequestInfo,
+                    @Nullable final NetworkRequest oldNetworkRequest,
+                    @Nullable final NetworkRequest newNetworkRequest,
+                    @Nullable final NetworkAgentInfo oldNetwork,
+                    @Nullable final NetworkAgentInfo newNetwork) {
+                mNetworkRequestInfo = networkRequestInfo;
+                mOldNetworkRequest = oldNetworkRequest;
+                mNewNetworkRequest = newNetworkRequest;
+                mOldNetwork = oldNetwork;
+                mNewNetwork = newNetwork;
+            }
+
+            public String toString() {
+                final NetworkRequest requestToShow = null != mNewNetworkRequest
+                        ? mNewNetworkRequest : mNetworkRequestInfo.mRequests.get(0);
+                return requestToShow.requestId + " : "
+                        + (null != mOldNetwork ? mOldNetwork.network.getNetId() : "null")
+                        + " → " + (null != mNewNetwork ? mNewNetwork.network.getNetId() : "null");
+            }
+        }
+
+        @NonNull private final ArrayList<RequestReassignment> mReassignments = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        @NonNull Iterable<RequestReassignment> getRequestReassignments() {
+            return mReassignments;
+        }
+
+        void addRequestReassignment(@NonNull final RequestReassignment reassignment) {
+            if (Build.isDebuggable()) {
+                // The code is never supposed to add two reassignments of the same request. Make
+                // sure this stays true, but without imposing this expensive check on all
+                // reassignments on all user devices.
+                for (final RequestReassignment existing : mReassignments) {
+                    if (existing.mNetworkRequestInfo.equals(reassignment.mNetworkRequestInfo)) {
+                        throw new IllegalStateException("Trying to reassign ["
+                                + reassignment + "] but already have ["
+                                + existing + "]");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            mReassignments.add(reassignment);
+        }
+
+        // Will return null if this reassignment does not change the network assigned to
+        // the passed request.
+        @Nullable
+        private RequestReassignment getReassignment(@NonNull final NetworkRequestInfo nri) {
+            for (final RequestReassignment event : getRequestReassignments()) {
+                if (nri == event.mNetworkRequestInfo) return event;
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public String toString() {
+            final StringJoiner sj = new StringJoiner(", " /* delimiter */,
+                    "NetReassign [" /* prefix */, "]" /* suffix */);
+            if (mReassignments.isEmpty()) return sj.add("no changes").toString();
+            for (final RequestReassignment rr : getRequestReassignments()) {
+                sj.add(rr.toString());
+            }
+            return sj.toString();
+        }
+
+        public String debugString() {
+            final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+            sb.append("NetworkReassignment :");
+            if (mReassignments.isEmpty()) return sb.append(" no changes").toString();
+            for (final RequestReassignment rr : getRequestReassignments()) {
+                sb.append("\n  ").append(rr);
+            }
+            return sb.append("\n").toString();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void updateSatisfiersForRematchRequest(@NonNull final NetworkRequestInfo nri,
+            @Nullable final NetworkRequest previousRequest,
+            @Nullable final NetworkRequest newRequest,
+            @Nullable final NetworkAgentInfo previousSatisfier,
+            @Nullable final NetworkAgentInfo newSatisfier,
+            final long now) {
+        if (null != newSatisfier && mNoServiceNetwork != newSatisfier) {
+            if (VDBG) log("rematch for " + newSatisfier.toShortString());
+            if (null != previousRequest && null != previousSatisfier) {
+                if (VDBG || DDBG) {
+                    log("   accepting network in place of " + previousSatisfier.toShortString());
+                }
+                previousSatisfier.removeRequest(previousRequest.requestId);
+                if (canSupportGracefulNetworkSwitch(previousSatisfier, newSatisfier)
+                        && !previousSatisfier.destroyed) {
+                    // If this network switch can't be supported gracefully, the request is not
+                    // lingered. This allows letting go of the network sooner to reclaim some
+                    // performance on the new network, since the radio can't do both at the same
+                    // time while preserving good performance.
+                    //
+                    // Also don't linger the request if the old network has been destroyed.
+                    // A destroyed network does not provide actual network connectivity, so
+                    // lingering it is not useful. In particular this ensures that a destroyed
+                    // network is outscored by its replacement,
+                    // then it is torn down immediately instead of being lingered, and any apps that
+                    // were using it immediately get onLost and can connect using the new network.
+                    previousSatisfier.lingerRequest(previousRequest.requestId, now);
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (VDBG || DDBG) log("   accepting network in place of null");
+            }
+
+            // To prevent constantly CPU wake up for nascent timer, if a network comes up
+            // and immediately satisfies a request then remove the timer. This will happen for
+            // all networks except in the case of an underlying network for a VCN.
+            if (newSatisfier.isNascent()) {
+                newSatisfier.unlingerRequest(NetworkRequest.REQUEST_ID_NONE);
+                newSatisfier.unsetInactive();
+            }
+
+            // if newSatisfier is not null, then newRequest may not be null.
+            newSatisfier.unlingerRequest(newRequest.requestId);
+            if (!newSatisfier.addRequest(newRequest)) {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "BUG: " + newSatisfier.toShortString() + " already has "
+                        + newRequest);
+            }
+        } else if (null != previousRequest && null != previousSatisfier) {
+            if (DBG) {
+                log("Network " + previousSatisfier.toShortString() + " stopped satisfying"
+                        + " request " + previousRequest.requestId);
+            }
+            previousSatisfier.removeRequest(previousRequest.requestId);
+        }
+        nri.setSatisfier(newSatisfier, newRequest);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This function is triggered when something can affect what network should satisfy what
+     * request, and it computes the network reassignment from the passed collection of requests to
+     * network match to the one that the system should now have. That data is encoded in an
+     * object that is a list of changes, each of them having an NRI, and old satisfier, and a new
+     * satisfier.
+     *
+     * After the reassignment is computed, it is applied to the state objects.
+     *
+     * @param networkRequests the nri objects to evaluate for possible network reassignment
+     * @return NetworkReassignment listing of proposed network assignment changes
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    private NetworkReassignment computeNetworkReassignment(
+            @NonNull final Collection<NetworkRequestInfo> networkRequests) {
+        final NetworkReassignment changes = new NetworkReassignment();
+
+        // Gather the list of all relevant agents.
+        final ArrayList<NetworkAgentInfo> nais = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (final NetworkAgentInfo nai : mNetworkAgentInfos) {
+            if (!nai.everConnected) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            nais.add(nai);
+        }
+
+        for (final NetworkRequestInfo nri : networkRequests) {
+            // Non-multilayer listen requests can be ignored.
+            if (!nri.isMultilayerRequest() && nri.mRequests.get(0).isListen()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            NetworkAgentInfo bestNetwork = null;
+            NetworkRequest bestRequest = null;
+            for (final NetworkRequest req : nri.mRequests) {
+                bestNetwork = mNetworkRanker.getBestNetwork(req, nais, nri.getSatisfier());
+                // Stop evaluating as the highest possible priority request is satisfied.
+                if (null != bestNetwork) {
+                    bestRequest = req;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (null == bestNetwork && isDefaultBlocked(nri)) {
+                // Remove default networking if disallowed for managed default requests.
+                bestNetwork = mNoServiceNetwork;
+            }
+            if (nri.getSatisfier() != bestNetwork) {
+                // bestNetwork may be null if no network can satisfy this request.
+                changes.addRequestReassignment(new NetworkReassignment.RequestReassignment(
+                        nri, nri.mActiveRequest, bestRequest, nri.getSatisfier(), bestNetwork));
+            }
+        }
+        return changes;
+    }
+
+    private Set<NetworkRequestInfo> getNrisFromGlobalRequests() {
+        return new HashSet<>(mNetworkRequests.values());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Attempt to rematch all Networks with all NetworkRequests.  This may result in Networks
+     * being disconnected.
+     */
+    private void rematchAllNetworksAndRequests() {
+        rematchNetworksAndRequests(getNrisFromGlobalRequests());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Attempt to rematch all Networks with given NetworkRequests.  This may result in Networks
+     * being disconnected.
+     */
+    private void rematchNetworksAndRequests(
+            @NonNull final Set<NetworkRequestInfo> networkRequests) {
+        ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
+        // TODO: This may be slow, and should be optimized.
+        final long now = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
+        final NetworkReassignment changes = computeNetworkReassignment(networkRequests);
+        if (VDBG || DDBG) {
+            log(changes.debugString());
+        } else if (DBG) {
+            log(changes.toString()); // Shorter form, only one line of log
+        }
+        applyNetworkReassignment(changes, now);
+        issueNetworkNeeds();
+    }
+
+    private void applyNetworkReassignment(@NonNull final NetworkReassignment changes,
+            final long now) {
+        final Collection<NetworkAgentInfo> nais = mNetworkAgentInfos;
+
+        // Since most of the time there are only 0 or 1 background networks, it would probably
+        // be more efficient to just use an ArrayList here. TODO : measure performance
+        final ArraySet<NetworkAgentInfo> oldBgNetworks = new ArraySet<>();
+        for (final NetworkAgentInfo nai : nais) {
+            if (nai.isBackgroundNetwork()) oldBgNetworks.add(nai);
+        }
+
+        // First, update the lists of satisfied requests in the network agents. This is necessary
+        // because some code later depends on this state to be correct, most prominently computing
+        // the linger status.
+        for (final NetworkReassignment.RequestReassignment event :
+                changes.getRequestReassignments()) {
+            updateSatisfiersForRematchRequest(event.mNetworkRequestInfo,
+                    event.mOldNetworkRequest, event.mNewNetworkRequest,
+                    event.mOldNetwork, event.mNewNetwork,
+                    now);
+        }
+
+        // Process default network changes if applicable.
+        processDefaultNetworkChanges(changes);
+
+        // Notify requested networks are available after the default net is switched, but
+        // before LegacyTypeTracker sends legacy broadcasts
+        for (final NetworkReassignment.RequestReassignment event :
+                changes.getRequestReassignments()) {
+            if (null != event.mNewNetwork) {
+                notifyNetworkAvailable(event.mNewNetwork, event.mNetworkRequestInfo);
+            } else {
+                callCallbackForRequest(event.mNetworkRequestInfo, event.mOldNetwork,
+                        ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_LOST, 0);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Update the inactivity state before processing listen callbacks, because the background
+        // computation depends on whether the network is inactive. Don't send the LOSING callbacks
+        // just yet though, because they have to be sent after the listens are processed to keep
+        // backward compatibility.
+        final ArrayList<NetworkAgentInfo> inactiveNetworks = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (final NetworkAgentInfo nai : nais) {
+            // Rematching may have altered the inactivity state of some networks, so update all
+            // inactivity timers. updateInactivityState reads the state from the network agent
+            // and does nothing if the state has not changed : the source of truth is controlled
+            // with NetworkAgentInfo#lingerRequest and NetworkAgentInfo#unlingerRequest, which
+            // have been called while rematching the individual networks above.
+            if (updateInactivityState(nai, now)) {
+                inactiveNetworks.add(nai);
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (final NetworkAgentInfo nai : nais) {
+            if (!nai.everConnected) continue;
+            final boolean oldBackground = oldBgNetworks.contains(nai);
+            // Process listen requests and update capabilities if the background state has
+            // changed for this network. For consistency with previous behavior, send onLost
+            // callbacks before onAvailable.
+            processNewlyLostListenRequests(nai);
+            if (oldBackground != nai.isBackgroundNetwork()) {
+                applyBackgroundChangeForRematch(nai);
+            }
+            processNewlySatisfiedListenRequests(nai);
+        }
+
+        for (final NetworkAgentInfo nai : inactiveNetworks) {
+            // For nascent networks, if connecting with no foreground request, skip broadcasting
+            // LOSING for backward compatibility. This is typical when mobile data connected while
+            // wifi connected with mobile data always-on enabled.
+            if (nai.isNascent()) continue;
+            notifyNetworkLosing(nai, now);
+        }
+
+        updateLegacyTypeTrackerAndVpnLockdownForRematch(changes, nais);
+
+        // Tear down all unneeded networks.
+        for (NetworkAgentInfo nai : mNetworkAgentInfos) {
+            if (unneeded(nai, UnneededFor.TEARDOWN)) {
+                if (nai.getInactivityExpiry() > 0) {
+                    // This network has active linger timers and no requests, but is not
+                    // lingering. Linger it.
+                    //
+                    // One way (the only way?) this can happen if this network is unvalidated
+                    // and became unneeded due to another network improving its score to the
+                    // point where this network will no longer be able to satisfy any requests
+                    // even if it validates.
+                    if (updateInactivityState(nai, now)) {
+                        notifyNetworkLosing(nai, now);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    if (DBG) log("Reaping " + nai.toShortString());
+                    teardownUnneededNetwork(nai);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Apply a change in background state resulting from rematching networks with requests.
+     *
+     * During rematch, a network may change background states by starting to satisfy or stopping
+     * to satisfy a foreground request. Listens don't count for this. When a network changes
+     * background states, its capabilities need to be updated and callbacks fired for the
+     * capability change.
+     *
+     * @param nai The network that changed background states
+     */
+    private void applyBackgroundChangeForRematch(@NonNull final NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        final NetworkCapabilities newNc = mixInCapabilities(nai, nai.networkCapabilities);
+        if (Objects.equals(nai.networkCapabilities, newNc)) return;
+        updateNetworkPermissions(nai, newNc);
+        nai.getAndSetNetworkCapabilities(newNc);
+        notifyNetworkCallbacks(nai, ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_CAP_CHANGED);
+    }
+
+    private void updateLegacyTypeTrackerAndVpnLockdownForRematch(
+            @NonNull final NetworkReassignment changes,
+            @NonNull final Collection<NetworkAgentInfo> nais) {
+        final NetworkReassignment.RequestReassignment reassignmentOfDefault =
+                changes.getReassignment(mDefaultRequest);
+        final NetworkAgentInfo oldDefaultNetwork =
+                null != reassignmentOfDefault ? reassignmentOfDefault.mOldNetwork : null;
+        final NetworkAgentInfo newDefaultNetwork =
+                null != reassignmentOfDefault ? reassignmentOfDefault.mNewNetwork : null;
+
+        if (oldDefaultNetwork != newDefaultNetwork) {
+            // Maintain the illusion : since the legacy API only understands one network at a time,
+            // if the default network changed, apps should see a disconnected broadcast for the
+            // old default network before they see a connected broadcast for the new one.
+            if (oldDefaultNetwork != null) {
+                mLegacyTypeTracker.remove(oldDefaultNetwork.networkInfo.getType(),
+                        oldDefaultNetwork, true);
+            }
+            if (newDefaultNetwork != null) {
+                // The new default network can be newly null if and only if the old default
+                // network doesn't satisfy the default request any more because it lost a
+                // capability.
+                mDefaultInetConditionPublished = newDefaultNetwork.lastValidated ? 100 : 0;
+                mLegacyTypeTracker.add(
+                        newDefaultNetwork.networkInfo.getType(), newDefaultNetwork);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Now that all the callbacks have been sent, send the legacy network broadcasts
+        // as needed. This is necessary so that legacy requests correctly bind dns
+        // requests to this network. The legacy users are listening for this broadcast
+        // and will generally do a dns request so they can ensureRouteToHost and if
+        // they do that before the callbacks happen they'll use the default network.
+        //
+        // TODO: Is there still a race here? The legacy broadcast will be sent after sending
+        // callbacks, but if apps can receive the broadcast before the callback, they still might
+        // have an inconsistent view of networking.
+        //
+        // This *does* introduce a race where if the user uses the new api
+        // (notification callbacks) and then uses the old api (getNetworkInfo(type))
+        // they may get old info. Reverse this after the old startUsing api is removed.
+        // This is on top of the multiple intent sequencing referenced in the todo above.
+        for (NetworkAgentInfo nai : nais) {
+            if (nai.everConnected) {
+                addNetworkToLegacyTypeTracker(nai);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void issueNetworkNeeds() {
+        ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
+        for (final NetworkOfferInfo noi : mNetworkOffers) {
+            issueNetworkNeeds(noi);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void issueNetworkNeeds(@NonNull final NetworkOfferInfo noi) {
+        ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
+        for (final NetworkRequestInfo nri : mNetworkRequests.values()) {
+            informOffer(nri, noi.offer, mNetworkRanker);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Inform a NetworkOffer about any new situation of a request.
+     *
+     * This function handles updates to offers. A number of events may happen that require
+     * updating the registrant for this offer about the situation :
+     * • The offer itself was updated. This may lead the offer to no longer being able
+     *     to satisfy a request or beat a satisfier (and therefore be no longer needed),
+     *     or conversely being strengthened enough to beat the satisfier (and therefore
+     *     start being needed)
+     * • The network satisfying a request changed (including cases where the request
+     *     starts or stops being satisfied). The new network may be a stronger or weaker
+     *     match than the old one, possibly affecting whether the offer is needed.
+     * • The network satisfying a request updated their score. This may lead the offer
+     *     to no longer be able to beat it if the current satisfier got better, or
+     *     conversely start being a good choice if the current satisfier got weaker.
+     *
+     * @param nri The request
+     * @param offer The offer. This may be an updated offer.
+     */
+    private static void informOffer(@NonNull NetworkRequestInfo nri,
+            @NonNull final NetworkOffer offer, @NonNull final NetworkRanker networkRanker) {
+        final NetworkRequest activeRequest = nri.isBeingSatisfied() ? nri.getActiveRequest() : null;
+        final NetworkAgentInfo satisfier = null != activeRequest ? nri.getSatisfier() : null;
+
+        // Multi-layer requests have a currently active request, the one being satisfied.
+        // Since the system will try to bring up a better network than is currently satisfying
+        // the request, NetworkProviders need to be told the offers matching the requests *above*
+        // the currently satisfied one are needed, that the ones *below* the satisfied one are
+        // not needed, and the offer is needed for the active request iff the offer can beat
+        // the satisfier.
+        // For non-multilayer requests, the logic above gracefully degenerates to only the
+        // last case.
+        // To achieve this, the loop below will proceed in three steps. In a first phase, inform
+        // providers that the offer is needed for this request, until the active request is found.
+        // In a second phase, deal with the currently active request. In a third phase, inform
+        // the providers that offer is unneeded for the remaining requests.
+
+        // First phase : inform providers of all requests above the active request.
+        int i;
+        for (i = 0; nri.mRequests.size() > i; ++i) {
+            final NetworkRequest request = nri.mRequests.get(i);
+            if (activeRequest == request) break; // Found the active request : go to phase 2
+            if (!request.isRequest()) continue; // Listens/track defaults are never sent to offers
+            // Since this request is higher-priority than the one currently satisfied, if the
+            // offer can satisfy it, the provider should try and bring up the network for sure ;
+            // no need to even ask the ranker – an offer that can satisfy is always better than
+            // no network. Hence tell the provider so unless it already knew.
+            if (request.canBeSatisfiedBy(offer.caps) && !offer.neededFor(request)) {
+                offer.onNetworkNeeded(request);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Second phase : deal with the active request (if any)
+        if (null != activeRequest && activeRequest.isRequest()) {
+            final boolean oldNeeded = offer.neededFor(activeRequest);
+            // If an offer can satisfy the request, it is considered needed if it is currently
+            // served by this provider or if this offer can beat the current satisfier.
+            final boolean currentlyServing = satisfier != null
+                    && satisfier.factorySerialNumber == offer.providerId
+                    && activeRequest.canBeSatisfiedBy(offer.caps);
+            final boolean newNeeded = currentlyServing
+                    || networkRanker.mightBeat(activeRequest, satisfier, offer);
+            if (newNeeded != oldNeeded) {
+                if (newNeeded) {
+                    offer.onNetworkNeeded(activeRequest);
+                } else {
+                    // The offer used to be able to beat the satisfier. Now it can't.
+                    offer.onNetworkUnneeded(activeRequest);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Third phase : inform the providers that the offer isn't needed for any request
+        // below the active one.
+        for (++i /* skip the active request */; nri.mRequests.size() > i; ++i) {
+            final NetworkRequest request = nri.mRequests.get(i);
+            if (!request.isRequest()) continue; // Listens/track defaults are never sent to offers
+            // Since this request is lower-priority than the one currently satisfied, if the
+            // offer can satisfy it, the provider should not try and bring up the network.
+            // Hence tell the provider so unless it already knew.
+            if (offer.neededFor(request)) {
+                offer.onNetworkUnneeded(request);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void addNetworkToLegacyTypeTracker(@NonNull final NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < nai.numNetworkRequests(); i++) {
+            NetworkRequest nr = nai.requestAt(i);
+            if (nr.legacyType != TYPE_NONE && nr.isRequest()) {
+                // legacy type tracker filters out repeat adds
+                mLegacyTypeTracker.add(nr.legacyType, nai);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // A VPN generally won't get added to the legacy tracker in the "for (nri)" loop above,
+        // because usually there are no NetworkRequests it satisfies (e.g., mDefaultRequest
+        // wants the NOT_VPN capability, so it will never be satisfied by a VPN). So, add the
+        // newNetwork to the tracker explicitly (it's a no-op if it has already been added).
+        if (nai.isVPN()) {
+            mLegacyTypeTracker.add(TYPE_VPN, nai);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void updateInetCondition(NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        // Don't bother updating until we've graduated to validated at least once.
+        if (!nai.everValidated) return;
+        // For now only update icons for the default connection.
+        // TODO: Update WiFi and cellular icons separately. b/17237507
+        if (!isDefaultNetwork(nai)) return;
+
+        int newInetCondition = nai.lastValidated ? 100 : 0;
+        // Don't repeat publish.
+        if (newInetCondition == mDefaultInetConditionPublished) return;
+
+        mDefaultInetConditionPublished = newInetCondition;
+        sendInetConditionBroadcast(nai.networkInfo);
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    private NetworkInfo mixInInfo(@NonNull final NetworkAgentInfo nai, @NonNull NetworkInfo info) {
+        final NetworkInfo newInfo = new NetworkInfo(info);
+        // The suspended and roaming bits are managed in NetworkCapabilities.
+        final boolean suspended =
+                !nai.networkCapabilities.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED);
+        if (suspended && info.getDetailedState() == NetworkInfo.DetailedState.CONNECTED) {
+            // Only override the state with SUSPENDED if the network is currently in CONNECTED
+            // state. This is because the network could have been suspended before connecting,
+            // or it could be disconnecting while being suspended, and in both these cases
+            // the state should not be overridden. Note that the only detailed state that
+            // maps to State.CONNECTED is DetailedState.CONNECTED, so there is also no need to
+            // worry about multiple different substates of CONNECTED.
+            newInfo.setDetailedState(NetworkInfo.DetailedState.SUSPENDED, info.getReason(),
+                    info.getExtraInfo());
+        } else if (!suspended && info.getDetailedState() == NetworkInfo.DetailedState.SUSPENDED) {
+            // SUSPENDED state is currently only overridden from CONNECTED state. In the case the
+            // network agent is created, then goes to suspended, then goes out of suspended without
+            // ever setting connected. Check if network agent is ever connected to update the state.
+            newInfo.setDetailedState(nai.everConnected
+                    ? NetworkInfo.DetailedState.CONNECTED
+                    : NetworkInfo.DetailedState.CONNECTING,
+                    info.getReason(),
+                    info.getExtraInfo());
+        }
+        newInfo.setRoaming(!nai.networkCapabilities.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING));
+        return newInfo;
+    }
+
+    private void updateNetworkInfo(NetworkAgentInfo networkAgent, NetworkInfo info) {
+        final NetworkInfo newInfo = mixInInfo(networkAgent, info);
+
+        final NetworkInfo.State state = newInfo.getState();
+        NetworkInfo oldInfo = null;
+        synchronized (networkAgent) {
+            oldInfo = networkAgent.networkInfo;
+            networkAgent.networkInfo = newInfo;
+        }
+
+        if (DBG) {
+            log(networkAgent.toShortString() + " EVENT_NETWORK_INFO_CHANGED, going from "
+                    + oldInfo.getState() + " to " + state);
+        }
+
+        if (!networkAgent.created
+                && (state == NetworkInfo.State.CONNECTED
+                || (state == NetworkInfo.State.CONNECTING && networkAgent.isVPN()))) {
+
+            // A network that has just connected has zero requests and is thus a foreground network.
+            networkAgent.networkCapabilities.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND);
+
+            if (!createNativeNetwork(networkAgent)) return;
+            if (networkAgent.propagateUnderlyingCapabilities()) {
+                // Initialize the network's capabilities to their starting values according to the
+                // underlying networks. This ensures that the capabilities are correct before
+                // anything happens to the network.
+                updateCapabilitiesForNetwork(networkAgent);
+            }
+            networkAgent.created = true;
+            networkAgent.onNetworkCreated();
+            updateAllowedUids(networkAgent, null, networkAgent.networkCapabilities);
+        }
+
+        if (!networkAgent.everConnected && state == NetworkInfo.State.CONNECTED) {
+            networkAgent.everConnected = true;
+
+            // NetworkCapabilities need to be set before sending the private DNS config to
+            // NetworkMonitor, otherwise NetworkMonitor cannot determine if validation is required.
+            networkAgent.getAndSetNetworkCapabilities(networkAgent.networkCapabilities);
+
+            handlePerNetworkPrivateDnsConfig(networkAgent, mDnsManager.getPrivateDnsConfig());
+            updateLinkProperties(networkAgent, new LinkProperties(networkAgent.linkProperties),
+                    null);
+
+            // If a rate limit has been configured and is applicable to this network (network
+            // provides internet connectivity), apply it. The tc police filter cannot be attached
+            // before the clsact qdisc is added which happens as part of updateLinkProperties ->
+            // updateInterfaces -> INetd#networkAddInterface.
+            // Note: in case of a system server crash, the NetworkController constructor in netd
+            // (called when netd starts up) deletes the clsact qdisc of all interfaces.
+            if (canNetworkBeRateLimited(networkAgent) && mIngressRateLimit >= 0) {
+                mDeps.enableIngressRateLimit(networkAgent.linkProperties.getInterfaceName(),
+                        mIngressRateLimit);
+            }
+
+            // Until parceled LinkProperties are sent directly to NetworkMonitor, the connect
+            // command must be sent after updating LinkProperties to maximize chances of
+            // NetworkMonitor seeing the correct LinkProperties when starting.
+            // TODO: pass LinkProperties to the NetworkMonitor in the notifyNetworkConnected call.
+            if (networkAgent.networkAgentConfig.acceptPartialConnectivity) {
+                networkAgent.networkMonitor().setAcceptPartialConnectivity();
+            }
+            final NetworkMonitorParameters params = new NetworkMonitorParameters();
+            params.networkAgentConfig = networkAgent.networkAgentConfig;
+            params.networkCapabilities = networkAgent.networkCapabilities;
+            params.linkProperties = new LinkProperties(networkAgent.linkProperties,
+                    true /* parcelSensitiveFields */);
+            networkAgent.networkMonitor().notifyNetworkConnected(params);
+            scheduleUnvalidatedPrompt(networkAgent);
+
+            // Whether a particular NetworkRequest listen should cause signal strength thresholds to
+            // be communicated to a particular NetworkAgent depends only on the network's immutable,
+            // capabilities, so it only needs to be done once on initial connect, not every time the
+            // network's capabilities change. Note that we do this before rematching the network,
+            // so we could decide to tear it down immediately afterwards. That's fine though - on
+            // disconnection NetworkAgents should stop any signal strength monitoring they have been
+            // doing.
+            updateSignalStrengthThresholds(networkAgent, "CONNECT", null);
+
+            // Before first rematching networks, put an inactivity timer without any request, this
+            // allows {@code updateInactivityState} to update the state accordingly and prevent
+            // tearing down for any {@code unneeded} evaluation in this period.
+            // Note that the timer will not be rescheduled since the expiry time is
+            // fixed after connection regardless of the network satisfying other requests or not.
+            // But it will be removed as soon as the network satisfies a request for the first time.
+            networkAgent.lingerRequest(NetworkRequest.REQUEST_ID_NONE,
+                    SystemClock.elapsedRealtime(), mNascentDelayMs);
+            networkAgent.setInactive();
+
+            // Consider network even though it is not yet validated.
+            rematchAllNetworksAndRequests();
+
+            // This has to happen after matching the requests, because callbacks are just requests.
+            notifyNetworkCallbacks(networkAgent, ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_PRECHECK);
+        } else if (state == NetworkInfo.State.DISCONNECTED) {
+            networkAgent.disconnect();
+            if (networkAgent.isVPN()) {
+                updateVpnUids(networkAgent, networkAgent.networkCapabilities, null);
+            }
+            disconnectAndDestroyNetwork(networkAgent);
+            if (networkAgent.isVPN()) {
+                // As the active or bound network changes for apps, broadcast the default proxy, as
+                // apps may need to update their proxy data. This is called after disconnecting from
+                // VPN to make sure we do not broadcast the old proxy data.
+                // TODO(b/122649188): send the broadcast only to VPN users.
+                mProxyTracker.sendProxyBroadcast();
+            }
+        } else if (networkAgent.created && (oldInfo.getState() == NetworkInfo.State.SUSPENDED ||
+                state == NetworkInfo.State.SUSPENDED)) {
+            mLegacyTypeTracker.update(networkAgent);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void updateNetworkScore(@NonNull final NetworkAgentInfo nai, final NetworkScore score) {
+        if (VDBG || DDBG) log("updateNetworkScore for " + nai.toShortString() + " to " + score);
+        nai.setScore(score);
+        rematchAllNetworksAndRequests();
+    }
+
+    // Notify only this one new request of the current state. Transfer all the
+    // current state by calling NetworkCapabilities and LinkProperties callbacks
+    // so that callers can be guaranteed to have as close to atomicity in state
+    // transfer as can be supported by this current API.
+    protected void notifyNetworkAvailable(NetworkAgentInfo nai, NetworkRequestInfo nri) {
+        mHandler.removeMessages(EVENT_TIMEOUT_NETWORK_REQUEST, nri);
+        if (nri.mPendingIntent != null) {
+            sendPendingIntentForRequest(nri, nai, ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_AVAILABLE);
+            // Attempt no subsequent state pushes where intents are involved.
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final int blockedReasons = mUidBlockedReasons.get(nri.mAsUid, BLOCKED_REASON_NONE);
+        final boolean metered = nai.networkCapabilities.isMetered();
+        final boolean vpnBlocked = isUidBlockedByVpn(nri.mAsUid, mVpnBlockedUidRanges);
+        callCallbackForRequest(nri, nai, ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_AVAILABLE,
+                getBlockedState(blockedReasons, metered, vpnBlocked));
+    }
+
+    // Notify the requests on this NAI that the network is now lingered.
+    private void notifyNetworkLosing(@NonNull final NetworkAgentInfo nai, final long now) {
+        final int lingerTime = (int) (nai.getInactivityExpiry() - now);
+        notifyNetworkCallbacks(nai, ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_LOSING, lingerTime);
+    }
+
+    private static int getBlockedState(int reasons, boolean metered, boolean vpnBlocked) {
+        if (!metered) reasons &= ~BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_MASK;
+        return vpnBlocked
+                ? reasons | BLOCKED_REASON_LOCKDOWN_VPN
+                : reasons & ~BLOCKED_REASON_LOCKDOWN_VPN;
+    }
+
+    private void setUidBlockedReasons(int uid, @BlockedReason int blockedReasons) {
+        if (blockedReasons == BLOCKED_REASON_NONE) {
+            mUidBlockedReasons.delete(uid);
+        } else {
+            mUidBlockedReasons.put(uid, blockedReasons);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Notify of the blocked state apps with a registered callback matching a given NAI.
+     *
+     * Unlike other callbacks, blocked status is different between each individual uid. So for
+     * any given nai, all requests need to be considered according to the uid who filed it.
+     *
+     * @param nai The target NetworkAgentInfo.
+     * @param oldMetered True if the previous network capabilities were metered.
+     * @param newMetered True if the current network capabilities are metered.
+     * @param oldBlockedUidRanges list of UID ranges previously blocked by lockdown VPN.
+     * @param newBlockedUidRanges list of UID ranges blocked by lockdown VPN.
+     */
+    private void maybeNotifyNetworkBlocked(NetworkAgentInfo nai, boolean oldMetered,
+            boolean newMetered, List<UidRange> oldBlockedUidRanges,
+            List<UidRange> newBlockedUidRanges) {
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < nai.numNetworkRequests(); i++) {
+            NetworkRequest nr = nai.requestAt(i);
+            NetworkRequestInfo nri = mNetworkRequests.get(nr);
+
+            final int blockedReasons = mUidBlockedReasons.get(nri.mAsUid, BLOCKED_REASON_NONE);
+            final boolean oldVpnBlocked = isUidBlockedByVpn(nri.mAsUid, oldBlockedUidRanges);
+            final boolean newVpnBlocked = (oldBlockedUidRanges != newBlockedUidRanges)
+                    ? isUidBlockedByVpn(nri.mAsUid, newBlockedUidRanges)
+                    : oldVpnBlocked;
+
+            final int oldBlockedState = getBlockedState(blockedReasons, oldMetered, oldVpnBlocked);
+            final int newBlockedState = getBlockedState(blockedReasons, newMetered, newVpnBlocked);
+            if (oldBlockedState != newBlockedState) {
+                callCallbackForRequest(nri, nai, ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_BLK_CHANGED,
+                        newBlockedState);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Notify apps with a given UID of the new blocked state according to new uid state.
+     * @param uid The uid for which the rules changed.
+     * @param blockedReasons The reasons for why an uid is blocked.
+     */
+    private void maybeNotifyNetworkBlockedForNewState(int uid, @BlockedReason int blockedReasons) {
+        for (final NetworkAgentInfo nai : mNetworkAgentInfos) {
+            final boolean metered = nai.networkCapabilities.isMetered();
+            final boolean vpnBlocked = isUidBlockedByVpn(uid, mVpnBlockedUidRanges);
+
+            final int oldBlockedState = getBlockedState(
+                    mUidBlockedReasons.get(uid, BLOCKED_REASON_NONE), metered, vpnBlocked);
+            final int newBlockedState = getBlockedState(blockedReasons, metered, vpnBlocked);
+            if (oldBlockedState == newBlockedState) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            for (int i = 0; i < nai.numNetworkRequests(); i++) {
+                NetworkRequest nr = nai.requestAt(i);
+                NetworkRequestInfo nri = mNetworkRequests.get(nr);
+                if (nri != null && nri.mAsUid == uid) {
+                    callCallbackForRequest(nri, nai, ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_BLK_CHANGED,
+                            newBlockedState);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected void sendLegacyNetworkBroadcast(NetworkAgentInfo nai, DetailedState state, int type) {
+        // The NetworkInfo we actually send out has no bearing on the real
+        // state of affairs. For example, if the default connection is mobile,
+        // and a request for HIPRI has just gone away, we need to pretend that
+        // HIPRI has just disconnected. So we need to set the type to HIPRI and
+        // the state to DISCONNECTED, even though the network is of type MOBILE
+        // and is still connected.
+        NetworkInfo info = new NetworkInfo(nai.networkInfo);
+        info.setType(type);
+        filterForLegacyLockdown(info);
+        if (state != DetailedState.DISCONNECTED) {
+            info.setDetailedState(state, null, info.getExtraInfo());
+            sendConnectedBroadcast(info);
+        } else {
+            info.setDetailedState(state, info.getReason(), info.getExtraInfo());
+            Intent intent = new Intent(ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION);
+            intent.putExtra(ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO, info);
+            intent.putExtra(ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_TYPE, info.getType());
+            if (info.isFailover()) {
+                intent.putExtra(ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_IS_FAILOVER, true);
+                nai.networkInfo.setFailover(false);
+            }
+            if (info.getReason() != null) {
+                intent.putExtra(ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_REASON, info.getReason());
+            }
+            if (info.getExtraInfo() != null) {
+                intent.putExtra(ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_EXTRA_INFO, info.getExtraInfo());
+            }
+            NetworkAgentInfo newDefaultAgent = null;
+            if (nai.isSatisfyingRequest(mDefaultRequest.mRequests.get(0).requestId)) {
+                newDefaultAgent = mDefaultRequest.getSatisfier();
+                if (newDefaultAgent != null) {
+                    intent.putExtra(ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_OTHER_NETWORK_INFO,
+                            newDefaultAgent.networkInfo);
+                } else {
+                    intent.putExtra(ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_NO_CONNECTIVITY, true);
+                }
+            }
+            intent.putExtra(ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_INET_CONDITION,
+                    mDefaultInetConditionPublished);
+            sendStickyBroadcast(intent);
+            if (newDefaultAgent != null) {
+                sendConnectedBroadcast(newDefaultAgent.networkInfo);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void notifyNetworkCallbacks(NetworkAgentInfo networkAgent, int notifyType, int arg1) {
+        if (VDBG || DDBG) {
+            String notification = ConnectivityManager.getCallbackName(notifyType);
+            log("notifyType " + notification + " for " + networkAgent.toShortString());
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < networkAgent.numNetworkRequests(); i++) {
+            NetworkRequest nr = networkAgent.requestAt(i);
+            NetworkRequestInfo nri = mNetworkRequests.get(nr);
+            if (VDBG) log(" sending notification for " + nr);
+            if (nri.mPendingIntent == null) {
+                callCallbackForRequest(nri, networkAgent, notifyType, arg1);
+            } else {
+                sendPendingIntentForRequest(nri, networkAgent, notifyType);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void notifyNetworkCallbacks(NetworkAgentInfo networkAgent, int notifyType) {
+        notifyNetworkCallbacks(networkAgent, notifyType, 0);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the list of all interfaces that could be used by network traffic that does not
+     * explicitly specify a network. This includes the default network, but also all VPNs that are
+     * currently connected.
+     *
+     * Must be called on the handler thread.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    private ArrayList<Network> getDefaultNetworks() {
+        ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
+        final ArrayList<Network> defaultNetworks = new ArrayList<>();
+        final Set<Integer> activeNetIds = new ArraySet<>();
+        for (final NetworkRequestInfo nri : mDefaultNetworkRequests) {
+            if (nri.isBeingSatisfied()) {
+                activeNetIds.add(nri.getSatisfier().network().netId);
+            }
+        }
+        for (NetworkAgentInfo nai : mNetworkAgentInfos) {
+            if (nai.everConnected && (activeNetIds.contains(nai.network().netId) || nai.isVPN())) {
+                defaultNetworks.add(nai.network);
+            }
+        }
+        return defaultNetworks;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Notify NetworkStatsService that the set of active ifaces has changed, or that one of the
+     * active iface's tracked properties has changed.
+     */
+    private void notifyIfacesChangedForNetworkStats() {
+        ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
+        String activeIface = null;
+        LinkProperties activeLinkProperties = getActiveLinkProperties();
+        if (activeLinkProperties != null) {
+            activeIface = activeLinkProperties.getInterfaceName();
+        }
+
+        final UnderlyingNetworkInfo[] underlyingNetworkInfos = getAllVpnInfo();
+        try {
+            final ArrayList<NetworkStateSnapshot> snapshots = new ArrayList<>();
+            for (final NetworkStateSnapshot snapshot : getAllNetworkStateSnapshots()) {
+                snapshots.add(snapshot);
+            }
+            mStatsManager.notifyNetworkStatus(getDefaultNetworks(),
+                    snapshots, activeIface, Arrays.asList(underlyingNetworkInfos));
+        } catch (Exception ignored) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getCaptivePortalServerUrl() {
+        enforceNetworkStackOrSettingsPermission();
+        String settingUrl = mResources.get().getString(
+                R.string.config_networkCaptivePortalServerUrl);
+
+        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(settingUrl)) {
+            return settingUrl;
+        }
+
+        settingUrl = Settings.Global.getString(mContext.getContentResolver(),
+                ConnectivitySettingsManager.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_HTTP_URL);
+        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(settingUrl)) {
+            return settingUrl;
+        }
+
+        return DEFAULT_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_HTTP_URL;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void startNattKeepalive(Network network, int intervalSeconds,
+            ISocketKeepaliveCallback cb, String srcAddr, int srcPort, String dstAddr) {
+        enforceKeepalivePermission();
+        mKeepaliveTracker.startNattKeepalive(
+                getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(network), null /* fd */,
+                intervalSeconds, cb,
+                srcAddr, srcPort, dstAddr, NattSocketKeepalive.NATT_PORT);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void startNattKeepaliveWithFd(Network network, ParcelFileDescriptor pfd, int resourceId,
+            int intervalSeconds, ISocketKeepaliveCallback cb, String srcAddr,
+            String dstAddr) {
+        try {
+            final FileDescriptor fd = pfd.getFileDescriptor();
+            mKeepaliveTracker.startNattKeepalive(
+                    getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(network), fd, resourceId,
+                    intervalSeconds, cb,
+                    srcAddr, dstAddr, NattSocketKeepalive.NATT_PORT);
+        } finally {
+            // FileDescriptors coming from AIDL calls must be manually closed to prevent leaks.
+            // startNattKeepalive calls Os.dup(fd) before returning, so we can close immediately.
+            if (pfd != null && Binder.getCallingPid() != Process.myPid()) {
+                IoUtils.closeQuietly(pfd);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void startTcpKeepalive(Network network, ParcelFileDescriptor pfd, int intervalSeconds,
+            ISocketKeepaliveCallback cb) {
+        try {
+            enforceKeepalivePermission();
+            final FileDescriptor fd = pfd.getFileDescriptor();
+            mKeepaliveTracker.startTcpKeepalive(
+                    getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(network), fd, intervalSeconds, cb);
+        } finally {
+            // FileDescriptors coming from AIDL calls must be manually closed to prevent leaks.
+            // startTcpKeepalive calls Os.dup(fd) before returning, so we can close immediately.
+            if (pfd != null && Binder.getCallingPid() != Process.myPid()) {
+                IoUtils.closeQuietly(pfd);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void stopKeepalive(Network network, int slot) {
+        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(
+                NetworkAgent.CMD_STOP_SOCKET_KEEPALIVE, slot, SocketKeepalive.SUCCESS, network));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void factoryReset() {
+        enforceSettingsPermission();
+
+        final int uid = mDeps.getCallingUid();
+        final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+        try {
+            if (mUserManager.hasUserRestrictionForUser(UserManager.DISALLOW_NETWORK_RESET,
+                    UserHandle.getUserHandleForUid(uid))) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            final IpMemoryStore ipMemoryStore = IpMemoryStore.getMemoryStore(mContext);
+            ipMemoryStore.factoryReset();
+
+            // Turn airplane mode off
+            setAirplaneMode(false);
+
+            // restore private DNS settings to default mode (opportunistic)
+            if (!mUserManager.hasUserRestrictionForUser(UserManager.DISALLOW_CONFIG_PRIVATE_DNS,
+                    UserHandle.getUserHandleForUid(uid))) {
+                ConnectivitySettingsManager.setPrivateDnsMode(mContext,
+                        PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC);
+            }
+
+            Settings.Global.putString(mContext.getContentResolver(),
+                    ConnectivitySettingsManager.NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI, null);
+        } finally {
+            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public byte[] getNetworkWatchlistConfigHash() {
+        NetworkWatchlistManager nwm = mContext.getSystemService(NetworkWatchlistManager.class);
+        if (nwm == null) {
+            loge("Unable to get NetworkWatchlistManager");
+            return null;
+        }
+        // Redirect it to network watchlist service to access watchlist file and calculate hash.
+        return nwm.getWatchlistConfigHash();
+    }
+
+    private void logNetworkEvent(NetworkAgentInfo nai, int evtype) {
+        int[] transports = nai.networkCapabilities.getTransportTypes();
+        mMetricsLog.log(nai.network.getNetId(), transports, new NetworkEvent(evtype));
+    }
+
+    private static boolean toBool(int encodedBoolean) {
+        return encodedBoolean != 0; // Only 0 means false.
+    }
+
+    private static int encodeBool(boolean b) {
+        return b ? 1 : 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int handleShellCommand(@NonNull ParcelFileDescriptor in,
+            @NonNull ParcelFileDescriptor out, @NonNull ParcelFileDescriptor err,
+            @NonNull String[] args) {
+        return new ShellCmd().exec(this, in.getFileDescriptor(), out.getFileDescriptor(),
+                err.getFileDescriptor(), args);
+    }
+
+    private class ShellCmd extends BasicShellCommandHandler {
+        @Override
+        public int onCommand(String cmd) {
+            if (cmd == null) {
+                return handleDefaultCommands(cmd);
+            }
+            final PrintWriter pw = getOutPrintWriter();
+            try {
+                switch (cmd) {
+                    case "airplane-mode":
+                        final String action = getNextArg();
+                        if ("enable".equals(action)) {
+                            setAirplaneMode(true);
+                            return 0;
+                        } else if ("disable".equals(action)) {
+                            setAirplaneMode(false);
+                            return 0;
+                        } else if (action == null) {
+                            final ContentResolver cr = mContext.getContentResolver();
+                            final int enabled = Settings.Global.getInt(cr,
+                                    Settings.Global.AIRPLANE_MODE_ON);
+                            pw.println(enabled == 0 ? "disabled" : "enabled");
+                            return 0;
+                        } else {
+                            onHelp();
+                            return -1;
+                        }
+                    default:
+                        return handleDefaultCommands(cmd);
+                }
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                pw.println(e);
+            }
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onHelp() {
+            PrintWriter pw = getOutPrintWriter();
+            pw.println("Connectivity service commands:");
+            pw.println("  help");
+            pw.println("    Print this help text.");
+            pw.println("  airplane-mode [enable|disable]");
+            pw.println("    Turn airplane mode on or off.");
+            pw.println("  airplane-mode");
+            pw.println("    Get airplane mode.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int getVpnType(@Nullable NetworkAgentInfo vpn) {
+        if (vpn == null) return VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_NONE;
+        final TransportInfo ti = vpn.networkCapabilities.getTransportInfo();
+        if (!(ti instanceof VpnTransportInfo)) return VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_NONE;
+        return ((VpnTransportInfo) ti).getType();
+    }
+
+    private void maybeUpdateWifiRoamTimestamp(NetworkAgentInfo nai, NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        if (nai == null) return;
+        final TransportInfo prevInfo = nai.networkCapabilities.getTransportInfo();
+        final TransportInfo newInfo = nc.getTransportInfo();
+        if (!(prevInfo instanceof WifiInfo) || !(newInfo instanceof WifiInfo)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (!TextUtils.equals(((WifiInfo)prevInfo).getBSSID(), ((WifiInfo)newInfo).getBSSID())) {
+            nai.lastRoamTimestamp = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param connectionInfo the connection to resolve.
+     * @return {@code uid} if the connection is found and the app has permission to observe it
+     * (e.g., if it is associated with the calling VPN app's tunnel) or {@code INVALID_UID} if the
+     * connection is not found.
+     */
+    public int getConnectionOwnerUid(ConnectionInfo connectionInfo) {
+        if (connectionInfo.protocol != IPPROTO_TCP && connectionInfo.protocol != IPPROTO_UDP) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported protocol " + connectionInfo.protocol);
+        }
+
+        final int uid = mDeps.getConnectionOwnerUid(connectionInfo.protocol,
+                connectionInfo.local, connectionInfo.remote);
+
+        if (uid == INVALID_UID) return uid;  // Not found.
+
+        // Connection owner UIDs are visible only to the network stack and to the VpnService-based
+        // VPN, if any, that applies to the UID that owns the connection.
+        if (checkNetworkStackPermission()) return uid;
+
+        final NetworkAgentInfo vpn = getVpnForUid(uid);
+        if (vpn == null || getVpnType(vpn) != VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE
+                || vpn.networkCapabilities.getOwnerUid() != mDeps.getCallingUid()) {
+            return INVALID_UID;
+        }
+
+        return uid;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a IBinder to a TestNetworkService. Will be lazily created as needed.
+     *
+     * <p>The TestNetworkService must be run in the system server due to TUN creation.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public IBinder startOrGetTestNetworkService() {
+        synchronized (mTNSLock) {
+            TestNetworkService.enforceTestNetworkPermissions(mContext);
+
+            if (mTNS == null) {
+                mTNS = new TestNetworkService(mContext);
+            }
+
+            return mTNS;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Handler used for managing all Connectivity Diagnostics related functions.
+     *
+     * @see android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager
+     *
+     * TODO(b/147816404): Explore moving ConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler to a separate file
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    class ConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler extends Handler {
+        private final String mTag = ConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler.class.getSimpleName();
+
+        /**
+         * Used to handle ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback registration events from {@link
+         * android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager}.
+         * obj = ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbackInfo with IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback and
+         * NetworkRequestInfo to be registered
+         */
+        private static final int EVENT_REGISTER_CONNECTIVITY_DIAGNOSTICS_CALLBACK = 1;
+
+        /**
+         * Used to handle ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback unregister events from {@link
+         * android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager}.
+         * obj = the IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback to be unregistered
+         * arg1 = the uid of the caller
+         */
+        private static final int EVENT_UNREGISTER_CONNECTIVITY_DIAGNOSTICS_CALLBACK = 2;
+
+        /**
+         * Event for {@link NetworkStateTrackerHandler} to trigger ConnectivityReport callbacks
+         * after processing {@link #CMD_SEND_CONNECTIVITY_REPORT} events.
+         * obj = {@link ConnectivityReportEvent} representing ConnectivityReport info reported from
+         * NetworkMonitor.
+         * data = PersistableBundle of extras passed from NetworkMonitor.
+         */
+        private static final int CMD_SEND_CONNECTIVITY_REPORT = 3;
+
+        /**
+         * Event for NetworkMonitor to inform ConnectivityService that a potential data stall has
+         * been detected on the network.
+         * obj = Long the timestamp (in millis) for when the suspected data stall was detected.
+         * arg1 = {@link DataStallReport#DetectionMethod} indicating the detection method.
+         * arg2 = NetID.
+         * data = PersistableBundle of extras passed from NetworkMonitor.
+         */
+        private static final int EVENT_DATA_STALL_SUSPECTED = 4;
+
+        /**
+         * Event for ConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler to handle network connectivity being reported to
+         * the platform. This event will invoke {@link
+         * IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback#onNetworkConnectivityReported} for permissioned
+         * callbacks.
+         * obj = ReportedNetworkConnectivityInfo with info on reported Network connectivity.
+         */
+        private static final int EVENT_NETWORK_CONNECTIVITY_REPORTED = 5;
+
+        private ConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler(Looper looper) {
+            super(looper);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
+            switch (msg.what) {
+                case EVENT_REGISTER_CONNECTIVITY_DIAGNOSTICS_CALLBACK: {
+                    handleRegisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(
+                            (ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbackInfo) msg.obj);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case EVENT_UNREGISTER_CONNECTIVITY_DIAGNOSTICS_CALLBACK: {
+                    handleUnregisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(
+                            (IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback) msg.obj, msg.arg1);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case CMD_SEND_CONNECTIVITY_REPORT: {
+                    final ConnectivityReportEvent reportEvent =
+                            (ConnectivityReportEvent) msg.obj;
+
+                    handleNetworkTestedWithExtras(reportEvent, reportEvent.mExtras);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case EVENT_DATA_STALL_SUSPECTED: {
+                    final NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetId(msg.arg2);
+                    final Pair<Long, PersistableBundle> arg =
+                            (Pair<Long, PersistableBundle>) msg.obj;
+                    if (nai == null) break;
+
+                    handleDataStallSuspected(nai, arg.first, msg.arg1, arg.second);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case EVENT_NETWORK_CONNECTIVITY_REPORTED: {
+                    handleNetworkConnectivityReported((ReportedNetworkConnectivityInfo) msg.obj);
+                    break;
+                }
+                default: {
+                    Log.e(mTag, "Unrecognized event in ConnectivityDiagnostics: " + msg.what);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Class used for cleaning up IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback instances after their death. */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    class ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbackInfo implements Binder.DeathRecipient {
+        @NonNull private final IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback mCb;
+        @NonNull private final NetworkRequestInfo mRequestInfo;
+        @NonNull private final String mCallingPackageName;
+
+        @VisibleForTesting
+        ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbackInfo(
+                @NonNull IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback cb,
+                @NonNull NetworkRequestInfo nri,
+                @NonNull String callingPackageName) {
+            mCb = cb;
+            mRequestInfo = nri;
+            mCallingPackageName = callingPackageName;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void binderDied() {
+            log("ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback IBinder died.");
+            unregisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(mCb);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Class used for sending information from {@link
+     * NetworkMonitorCallbacks#notifyNetworkTestedWithExtras} to the handler for processing it.
+     */
+    private static class NetworkTestedResults {
+        private final int mNetId;
+        private final int mTestResult;
+        private final long mTimestampMillis;
+        @Nullable private final String mRedirectUrl;
+
+        private NetworkTestedResults(
+                int netId, int testResult, long timestampMillis, @Nullable String redirectUrl) {
+            mNetId = netId;
+            mTestResult = testResult;
+            mTimestampMillis = timestampMillis;
+            mRedirectUrl = redirectUrl;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Class used for sending information from {@link NetworkStateTrackerHandler} to {@link
+     * ConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler}.
+     */
+    private static class ConnectivityReportEvent {
+        private final long mTimestampMillis;
+        @NonNull private final NetworkAgentInfo mNai;
+        private final PersistableBundle mExtras;
+
+        private ConnectivityReportEvent(long timestampMillis, @NonNull NetworkAgentInfo nai,
+                PersistableBundle p) {
+            mTimestampMillis = timestampMillis;
+            mNai = nai;
+            mExtras = p;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Class used for sending info for a call to {@link #reportNetworkConnectivity()} to {@link
+     * ConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler}.
+     */
+    private static class ReportedNetworkConnectivityInfo {
+        public final boolean hasConnectivity;
+        public final boolean isNetworkRevalidating;
+        public final int reporterUid;
+        @NonNull public final NetworkAgentInfo nai;
+
+        private ReportedNetworkConnectivityInfo(
+                boolean hasConnectivity,
+                boolean isNetworkRevalidating,
+                int reporterUid,
+                @NonNull NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+            this.hasConnectivity = hasConnectivity;
+            this.isNetworkRevalidating = isNetworkRevalidating;
+            this.reporterUid = reporterUid;
+            this.nai = nai;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void handleRegisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(
+            @NonNull ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbackInfo cbInfo) {
+        ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
+
+        final IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback cb = cbInfo.mCb;
+        final IBinder iCb = cb.asBinder();
+        final NetworkRequestInfo nri = cbInfo.mRequestInfo;
+
+        // Connectivity Diagnostics are meant to be used with a single network request. It would be
+        // confusing for these networks to change when an NRI is satisfied in another layer.
+        if (nri.isMultilayerRequest()) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Connectivity Diagnostics do not support multilayer "
+                + "network requests.");
+        }
+
+        // This means that the client registered the same callback multiple times. Do
+        // not override the previous entry, and exit silently.
+        if (mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbacks.containsKey(iCb)) {
+            if (VDBG) log("Diagnostics callback is already registered");
+
+            // Decrement the reference count for this NetworkRequestInfo. The reference count is
+            // incremented when the NetworkRequestInfo is created as part of
+            // enforceRequestCountLimit().
+            nri.decrementRequestCount();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbacks.put(iCb, cbInfo);
+
+        try {
+            iCb.linkToDeath(cbInfo, 0);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            cbInfo.binderDied();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Once registered, provide ConnectivityReports for matching Networks
+        final List<NetworkAgentInfo> matchingNetworks = new ArrayList<>();
+        synchronized (mNetworkForNetId) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < mNetworkForNetId.size(); i++) {
+                final NetworkAgentInfo nai = mNetworkForNetId.valueAt(i);
+                // Connectivity Diagnostics rejects multilayer requests at registration hence get(0)
+                if (nai.satisfies(nri.mRequests.get(0))) {
+                    matchingNetworks.add(nai);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        for (final NetworkAgentInfo nai : matchingNetworks) {
+            final ConnectivityReport report = nai.getConnectivityReport();
+            if (report == null) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (!checkConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissions(
+                    nri.mPid, nri.mUid, nai, cbInfo.mCallingPackageName)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            try {
+                cb.onConnectivityReportAvailable(report);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                // Exception while sending the ConnectivityReport. Move on to the next network.
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void handleUnregisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(
+            @NonNull IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback cb, int uid) {
+        ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
+        final IBinder iCb = cb.asBinder();
+
+        final ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbackInfo cbInfo =
+                mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbacks.remove(iCb);
+        if (cbInfo == null) {
+            if (VDBG) log("Removing diagnostics callback that is not currently registered");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final NetworkRequestInfo nri = cbInfo.mRequestInfo;
+
+        // Caller's UID must either be the registrants (if they are unregistering) or the System's
+        // (if the Binder died)
+        if (uid != nri.mUid && uid != Process.SYSTEM_UID) {
+            if (DBG) loge("Uid(" + uid + ") not registrant's (" + nri.mUid + ") or System's");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Decrement the reference count for this NetworkRequestInfo. The reference count is
+        // incremented when the NetworkRequestInfo is created as part of
+        // enforceRequestCountLimit().
+        nri.decrementRequestCount();
+
+        iCb.unlinkToDeath(cbInfo, 0);
+    }
+
+    private void handleNetworkTestedWithExtras(
+            @NonNull ConnectivityReportEvent reportEvent, @NonNull PersistableBundle extras) {
+        final NetworkAgentInfo nai = reportEvent.mNai;
+        final NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities =
+                getNetworkCapabilitiesWithoutUids(nai.networkCapabilities);
+        final ConnectivityReport report =
+                new ConnectivityReport(
+                        reportEvent.mNai.network,
+                        reportEvent.mTimestampMillis,
+                        nai.linkProperties,
+                        networkCapabilities,
+                        extras);
+        nai.setConnectivityReport(report);
+
+        final List<IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback> results =
+                getMatchingPermissionedCallbacks(nai, Process.INVALID_UID);
+        for (final IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback cb : results) {
+            try {
+                cb.onConnectivityReportAvailable(report);
+            } catch (RemoteException ex) {
+                loge("Error invoking onConnectivityReportAvailable", ex);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void handleDataStallSuspected(
+            @NonNull NetworkAgentInfo nai, long timestampMillis, int detectionMethod,
+            @NonNull PersistableBundle extras) {
+        final NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities =
+                getNetworkCapabilitiesWithoutUids(nai.networkCapabilities);
+        final DataStallReport report =
+                new DataStallReport(
+                        nai.network,
+                        timestampMillis,
+                        detectionMethod,
+                        nai.linkProperties,
+                        networkCapabilities,
+                        extras);
+        final List<IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback> results =
+                getMatchingPermissionedCallbacks(nai, Process.INVALID_UID);
+        for (final IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback cb : results) {
+            try {
+                cb.onDataStallSuspected(report);
+            } catch (RemoteException ex) {
+                loge("Error invoking onDataStallSuspected", ex);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void handleNetworkConnectivityReported(
+            @NonNull ReportedNetworkConnectivityInfo reportedNetworkConnectivityInfo) {
+        final NetworkAgentInfo nai = reportedNetworkConnectivityInfo.nai;
+        final ConnectivityReport cachedReport = nai.getConnectivityReport();
+
+        // If the Network is being re-validated as a result of this call to
+        // reportNetworkConnectivity(), notify all permissioned callbacks. Otherwise, only notify
+        // permissioned callbacks registered by the reporter.
+        final List<IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback> results =
+                getMatchingPermissionedCallbacks(
+                        nai,
+                        reportedNetworkConnectivityInfo.isNetworkRevalidating
+                                ? Process.INVALID_UID
+                                : reportedNetworkConnectivityInfo.reporterUid);
+
+        for (final IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback cb : results) {
+            try {
+                cb.onNetworkConnectivityReported(
+                        nai.network, reportedNetworkConnectivityInfo.hasConnectivity);
+            } catch (RemoteException ex) {
+                loge("Error invoking onNetworkConnectivityReported", ex);
+            }
+
+            // If the Network isn't re-validating, also provide the cached report. If there is no
+            // cached report, the Network is still being validated and a report will be sent once
+            // validation is complete. Note that networks which never undergo validation will still
+            // have a cached ConnectivityReport with RESULT_SKIPPED.
+            if (!reportedNetworkConnectivityInfo.isNetworkRevalidating && cachedReport != null) {
+                try {
+                    cb.onConnectivityReportAvailable(cachedReport);
+                } catch (RemoteException ex) {
+                    loge("Error invoking onConnectivityReportAvailable", ex);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private NetworkCapabilities getNetworkCapabilitiesWithoutUids(@NonNull NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        final NetworkCapabilities sanitized = new NetworkCapabilities(nc,
+                NetworkCapabilities.REDACT_ALL);
+        sanitized.setUids(null);
+        sanitized.setAdministratorUids(new int[0]);
+        sanitized.setOwnerUid(Process.INVALID_UID);
+        return sanitized;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets a list of ConnectivityDiagnostics callbacks that match the specified Network and uid.
+     *
+     * <p>If Process.INVALID_UID is specified, all matching callbacks will be returned.
+     */
+    private List<IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback> getMatchingPermissionedCallbacks(
+            @NonNull NetworkAgentInfo nai, int uid) {
+        final List<IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback> results = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (Entry<IBinder, ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbackInfo> entry :
+                mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbacks.entrySet()) {
+            final ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbackInfo cbInfo = entry.getValue();
+            final NetworkRequestInfo nri = cbInfo.mRequestInfo;
+
+            // Connectivity Diagnostics rejects multilayer requests at registration hence get(0).
+            if (!nai.satisfies(nri.mRequests.get(0))) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // UID for this callback must either be:
+            //  - INVALID_UID (which sends callbacks to all UIDs), or
+            //  - The callback's owner (the owner called reportNetworkConnectivity() and is being
+            //    notified as a result)
+            if (uid != Process.INVALID_UID && uid != nri.mUid) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (!checkConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissions(
+                    nri.mPid, nri.mUid, nai, cbInfo.mCallingPackageName)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            results.add(entry.getValue().mCb);
+        }
+        return results;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isLocationPermissionRequiredForConnectivityDiagnostics(
+            @NonNull NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        // TODO(b/188483916): replace with a transport-agnostic location-aware check
+        return nai.networkCapabilities.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+    }
+
+    private boolean hasLocationPermission(String packageName, int uid) {
+        // LocationPermissionChecker#checkLocationPermission can throw SecurityException if the uid
+        // and package name don't match. Throwing on the CS thread is not acceptable, so wrap the
+        // call in a try-catch.
+        try {
+            if (!mLocationPermissionChecker.checkLocationPermission(
+                        packageName, null /* featureId */, uid, null /* message */)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        } catch (SecurityException e) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private boolean ownsVpnRunningOverNetwork(int uid, Network network) {
+        for (NetworkAgentInfo virtual : mNetworkAgentInfos) {
+            if (virtual.propagateUnderlyingCapabilities()
+                    && virtual.networkCapabilities.getOwnerUid() == uid
+                    && CollectionUtils.contains(virtual.declaredUnderlyingNetworks, network)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    boolean checkConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissions(
+            int callbackPid, int callbackUid, NetworkAgentInfo nai, String callbackPackageName) {
+        if (checkNetworkStackPermission(callbackPid, callbackUid)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // Administrator UIDs also contains the Owner UID
+        final int[] administratorUids = nai.networkCapabilities.getAdministratorUids();
+        if (!CollectionUtils.contains(administratorUids, callbackUid)
+                && !ownsVpnRunningOverNetwork(callbackUid, nai.network)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return !isLocationPermissionRequiredForConnectivityDiagnostics(nai)
+                || hasLocationPermission(callbackPackageName, callbackUid);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(
+            @NonNull IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback callback,
+            @NonNull NetworkRequest request,
+            @NonNull String callingPackageName) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(callback, "callback must not be null");
+        Objects.requireNonNull(request, "request must not be null");
+        Objects.requireNonNull(callingPackageName, "callingPackageName must not be null");
+
+        if (request.legacyType != TYPE_NONE) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("ConnectivityManager.TYPE_* are deprecated."
+                    + " Please use NetworkCapabilities instead.");
+        }
+        final int callingUid = mDeps.getCallingUid();
+        mAppOpsManager.checkPackage(callingUid, callingPackageName);
+
+        // This NetworkCapabilities is only used for matching to Networks. Clear out its owner uid
+        // and administrator uids to be safe.
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities(request.networkCapabilities);
+        restrictRequestUidsForCallerAndSetRequestorInfo(nc, callingUid, callingPackageName);
+
+        final NetworkRequest requestWithId =
+                new NetworkRequest(
+                        nc, TYPE_NONE, nextNetworkRequestId(), NetworkRequest.Type.LISTEN);
+
+        // NetworkRequestInfos created here count towards MAX_NETWORK_REQUESTS_PER_UID limit.
+        //
+        // nri is not bound to the death of callback. Instead, callback.bindToDeath() is set in
+        // handleRegisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(). nri will be cleaned up as part of the
+        // callback's binder death.
+        final NetworkRequestInfo nri = new NetworkRequestInfo(callingUid, requestWithId);
+        final ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbackInfo cbInfo =
+                new ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbackInfo(callback, nri, callingPackageName);
+
+        mConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler.sendMessage(
+                mConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler.obtainMessage(
+                        ConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler
+                                .EVENT_REGISTER_CONNECTIVITY_DIAGNOSTICS_CALLBACK,
+                        cbInfo));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void unregisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(
+            @NonNull IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback callback) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(callback, "callback must be non-null");
+        mConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler.sendMessage(
+                mConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler.obtainMessage(
+                        ConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler
+                                .EVENT_UNREGISTER_CONNECTIVITY_DIAGNOSTICS_CALLBACK,
+                        mDeps.getCallingUid(),
+                        0,
+                        callback));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void simulateDataStall(int detectionMethod, long timestampMillis,
+            @NonNull Network network, @NonNull PersistableBundle extras) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(network, "network must not be null");
+        Objects.requireNonNull(extras, "extras must not be null");
+
+        enforceAnyPermissionOf(android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS,
+                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK);
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = getNetworkCapabilitiesInternal(network);
+        if (!nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_TEST)) {
+            throw new SecurityException("Data Stall simulation is only possible for test networks");
+        }
+
+        final NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(network);
+        if (nai == null || nai.creatorUid != mDeps.getCallingUid()) {
+            throw new SecurityException("Data Stall simulation is only possible for network "
+                + "creators");
+        }
+
+        // Instead of passing the data stall directly to the ConnectivityDiagnostics handler, treat
+        // this as a Data Stall received directly from NetworkMonitor. This requires wrapping the
+        // Data Stall information as a DataStallReportParcelable and passing to
+        // #notifyDataStallSuspected. This ensures that unknown Data Stall detection methods are
+        // still passed to ConnectivityDiagnostics (with new detection methods masked).
+        final DataStallReportParcelable p = new DataStallReportParcelable();
+        p.timestampMillis = timestampMillis;
+        p.detectionMethod = detectionMethod;
+
+        if (hasDataStallDetectionMethod(p, DETECTION_METHOD_DNS_EVENTS)) {
+            p.dnsConsecutiveTimeouts = extras.getInt(KEY_DNS_CONSECUTIVE_TIMEOUTS);
+        }
+        if (hasDataStallDetectionMethod(p, DETECTION_METHOD_TCP_METRICS)) {
+            p.tcpPacketFailRate = extras.getInt(KEY_TCP_PACKET_FAIL_RATE);
+            p.tcpMetricsCollectionPeriodMillis = extras.getInt(
+                    KEY_TCP_METRICS_COLLECTION_PERIOD_MILLIS);
+        }
+
+        notifyDataStallSuspected(p, network.getNetId());
+    }
+
+    private class NetdCallback extends BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener {
+        @Override
+        public void onInterfaceClassActivityChanged(boolean isActive, int transportType,
+                long timestampNs, int uid) {
+            mNetworkActivityTracker.setAndReportNetworkActive(isActive, transportType, timestampNs);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onInterfaceLinkStateChanged(String iface, boolean up) {
+            for (NetworkAgentInfo nai : mNetworkAgentInfos) {
+                nai.clatd.interfaceLinkStateChanged(iface, up);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onInterfaceRemoved(String iface) {
+            for (NetworkAgentInfo nai : mNetworkAgentInfos) {
+                nai.clatd.interfaceRemoved(iface);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private final LegacyNetworkActivityTracker mNetworkActivityTracker;
+
+    /**
+     * Class used for updating network activity tracking with netd and notify network activity
+     * changes.
+     */
+    private static final class LegacyNetworkActivityTracker {
+        private static final int NO_UID = -1;
+        private final Context mContext;
+        private final INetd mNetd;
+        private final RemoteCallbackList<INetworkActivityListener> mNetworkActivityListeners =
+                new RemoteCallbackList<>();
+        // Indicate the current system default network activity is active or not.
+        @GuardedBy("mActiveIdleTimers")
+        private boolean mNetworkActive;
+        @GuardedBy("mActiveIdleTimers")
+        private final ArrayMap<String, IdleTimerParams> mActiveIdleTimers = new ArrayMap();
+        private final Handler mHandler;
+
+        private class IdleTimerParams {
+            public final int timeout;
+            public final int transportType;
+
+            IdleTimerParams(int timeout, int transport) {
+                this.timeout = timeout;
+                this.transportType = transport;
+            }
+        }
+
+        LegacyNetworkActivityTracker(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull Handler handler,
+                @NonNull INetd netd) {
+            mContext = context;
+            mNetd = netd;
+            mHandler = handler;
+        }
+
+        public void setAndReportNetworkActive(boolean active, int transportType, long tsNanos) {
+            sendDataActivityBroadcast(transportTypeToLegacyType(transportType), active, tsNanos);
+            synchronized (mActiveIdleTimers) {
+                mNetworkActive = active;
+                // If there are no idle timers, it means that system is not monitoring
+                // activity, so the system default network for those default network
+                // unspecified apps is always considered active.
+                //
+                // TODO: If the mActiveIdleTimers is empty, netd will actually not send
+                // any network activity change event. Whenever this event is received,
+                // the mActiveIdleTimers should be always not empty. The legacy behavior
+                // is no-op. Remove to refer to mNetworkActive only.
+                if (mNetworkActive || mActiveIdleTimers.isEmpty()) {
+                    mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_REPORT_NETWORK_ACTIVITY));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // The network activity should only be updated from ConnectivityService handler thread
+        // when mActiveIdleTimers lock is held.
+        @GuardedBy("mActiveIdleTimers")
+        private void reportNetworkActive() {
+            final int length = mNetworkActivityListeners.beginBroadcast();
+            if (DDBG) log("reportNetworkActive, notify " + length + " listeners");
+            try {
+                for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+                    try {
+                        mNetworkActivityListeners.getBroadcastItem(i).onNetworkActive();
+                    } catch (RemoteException | RuntimeException e) {
+                        loge("Fail to send network activie to listener " + e);
+                    }
+                }
+            } finally {
+                mNetworkActivityListeners.finishBroadcast();
+            }
+        }
+
+        @GuardedBy("mActiveIdleTimers")
+        public void handleReportNetworkActivity() {
+            synchronized (mActiveIdleTimers) {
+                reportNetworkActive();
+            }
+        }
+
+        // This is deprecated and only to support legacy use cases.
+        private int transportTypeToLegacyType(int type) {
+            switch (type) {
+                case NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR:
+                    return TYPE_MOBILE;
+                case NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI:
+                    return TYPE_WIFI;
+                case NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH:
+                    return TYPE_BLUETOOTH;
+                case NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET:
+                    return TYPE_ETHERNET;
+                default:
+                    loge("Unexpected transport in transportTypeToLegacyType: " + type);
+            }
+            return ConnectivityManager.TYPE_NONE;
+        }
+
+        public void sendDataActivityBroadcast(int deviceType, boolean active, long tsNanos) {
+            final Intent intent = new Intent(ConnectivityManager.ACTION_DATA_ACTIVITY_CHANGE);
+            intent.putExtra(ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_DEVICE_TYPE, deviceType);
+            intent.putExtra(ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_IS_ACTIVE, active);
+            intent.putExtra(ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_REALTIME_NS, tsNanos);
+            final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+            try {
+                mContext.sendOrderedBroadcastAsUser(intent, UserHandle.ALL,
+                        RECEIVE_DATA_ACTIVITY_CHANGE,
+                        null /* resultReceiver */,
+                        null /* scheduler */,
+                        0 /* initialCode */,
+                        null /* initialData */,
+                        null /* initialExtra */);
+            } finally {
+                Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(ident);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Setup data activity tracking for the given network.
+         *
+         * Every {@code setupDataActivityTracking} should be paired with a
+         * {@link #removeDataActivityTracking} for cleanup.
+         */
+        private void setupDataActivityTracking(NetworkAgentInfo networkAgent) {
+            final String iface = networkAgent.linkProperties.getInterfaceName();
+
+            final int timeout;
+            final int type;
+
+            if (networkAgent.networkCapabilities.hasTransport(
+                    NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)) {
+                timeout = Settings.Global.getInt(mContext.getContentResolver(),
+                        ConnectivitySettingsManager.DATA_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT_MOBILE,
+                        10);
+                type = NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
+            } else if (networkAgent.networkCapabilities.hasTransport(
+                    NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI)) {
+                timeout = Settings.Global.getInt(mContext.getContentResolver(),
+                        ConnectivitySettingsManager.DATA_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT_WIFI,
+                        15);
+                type = NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
+            } else {
+                return; // do not track any other networks
+            }
+
+            updateRadioPowerState(true /* isActive */, type);
+
+            if (timeout > 0 && iface != null) {
+                try {
+                    synchronized (mActiveIdleTimers) {
+                        // Networks start up.
+                        mNetworkActive = true;
+                        mActiveIdleTimers.put(iface, new IdleTimerParams(timeout, type));
+                        mNetd.idletimerAddInterface(iface, timeout, Integer.toString(type));
+                        reportNetworkActive();
+                    }
+                } catch (Exception e) {
+                    // You shall not crash!
+                    loge("Exception in setupDataActivityTracking " + e);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Remove data activity tracking when network disconnects.
+         */
+        private void removeDataActivityTracking(NetworkAgentInfo networkAgent) {
+            final String iface = networkAgent.linkProperties.getInterfaceName();
+            final NetworkCapabilities caps = networkAgent.networkCapabilities;
+
+            if (iface == null) return;
+
+            final int type;
+            if (caps.hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)) {
+                type = NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
+            } else if (caps.hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI)) {
+                type = NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
+            } else {
+                return; // do not track any other networks
+            }
+
+            try {
+                updateRadioPowerState(false /* isActive */, type);
+                synchronized (mActiveIdleTimers) {
+                    final IdleTimerParams params = mActiveIdleTimers.remove(iface);
+                    // The call fails silently if no idle timer setup for this interface
+                    mNetd.idletimerRemoveInterface(iface, params.timeout,
+                            Integer.toString(params.transportType));
+                }
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                // You shall not crash!
+                loge("Exception in removeDataActivityTracking " + e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Update data activity tracking when network state is updated.
+         */
+        public void updateDataActivityTracking(NetworkAgentInfo newNetwork,
+                NetworkAgentInfo oldNetwork) {
+            if (newNetwork != null) {
+                setupDataActivityTracking(newNetwork);
+            }
+            if (oldNetwork != null) {
+                removeDataActivityTracking(oldNetwork);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void updateRadioPowerState(boolean isActive, int transportType) {
+            final BatteryStatsManager bs = mContext.getSystemService(BatteryStatsManager.class);
+            switch (transportType) {
+                case NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR:
+                    bs.reportMobileRadioPowerState(isActive, NO_UID);
+                    break;
+                case NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI:
+                    bs.reportWifiRadioPowerState(isActive, NO_UID);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    logw("Untracked transport type:" + transportType);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public boolean isDefaultNetworkActive() {
+            synchronized (mActiveIdleTimers) {
+                // If there are no idle timers, it means that system is not monitoring activity,
+                // so the default network is always considered active.
+                //
+                // TODO : Distinguish between the cases where mActiveIdleTimers is empty because
+                // tracking is disabled (negative idle timer value configured), or no active default
+                // network. In the latter case, this reports active but it should report inactive.
+                return mNetworkActive || mActiveIdleTimers.isEmpty();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void registerNetworkActivityListener(@NonNull INetworkActivityListener l) {
+            mNetworkActivityListeners.register(l);
+        }
+
+        public void unregisterNetworkActivityListener(@NonNull INetworkActivityListener l) {
+            mNetworkActivityListeners.unregister(l);
+        }
+
+        public void dump(IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
+            synchronized (mActiveIdleTimers) {
+                pw.print("mNetworkActive="); pw.println(mNetworkActive);
+                pw.println("Idle timers:");
+                for (HashMap.Entry<String, IdleTimerParams> ent : mActiveIdleTimers.entrySet()) {
+                    pw.print("  "); pw.print(ent.getKey()); pw.println(":");
+                    final IdleTimerParams params = ent.getValue();
+                    pw.print("    timeout="); pw.print(params.timeout);
+                    pw.print(" type="); pw.println(params.transportType);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Registers {@link QosSocketFilter} with {@link IQosCallback}.
+     *
+     * @param socketInfo the socket information
+     * @param callback the callback to register
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void registerQosSocketCallback(@NonNull final QosSocketInfo socketInfo,
+            @NonNull final IQosCallback callback) {
+        final NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(socketInfo.getNetwork());
+        if (nai == null || nai.networkCapabilities == null) {
+            try {
+                callback.onError(QosCallbackException.EX_TYPE_FILTER_NETWORK_RELEASED);
+            } catch (final RemoteException ex) {
+                loge("registerQosCallbackInternal: RemoteException", ex);
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+        registerQosCallbackInternal(new QosSocketFilter(socketInfo), callback, nai);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register a {@link IQosCallback} with base {@link QosFilter}.
+     *
+     * @param filter the filter to register
+     * @param callback the callback to register
+     * @param nai the agent information related to the filter's network
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public void registerQosCallbackInternal(@NonNull final QosFilter filter,
+            @NonNull final IQosCallback callback, @NonNull final NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        if (filter == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("filter must be non-null");
+        if (callback == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("callback must be non-null");
+
+        if (!nai.networkCapabilities.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)) {
+            enforceConnectivityRestrictedNetworksPermission();
+        }
+        mQosCallbackTracker.registerCallback(callback, filter, nai);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unregisters the given callback.
+     *
+     * @param callback the callback to unregister
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void unregisterQosCallback(@NonNull final IQosCallback callback) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(callback, "callback must be non-null");
+        mQosCallbackTracker.unregisterCallback(callback);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Request that a user profile is put by default on a network matching a given preference.
+     *
+     * See the documentation for the individual preferences for a description of the supported
+     * behaviors.
+     *
+     * @param profile the user profile for whih the preference is being set.
+     * @param preferences the list of profile network preferences for the
+     *        provided profile.
+     * @param listener an optional listener to listen for completion of the operation.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void setProfileNetworkPreferences(
+            @NonNull final UserHandle profile,
+            @NonNull List<ProfileNetworkPreference> preferences,
+            @Nullable final IOnCompleteListener listener) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(preferences);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(profile);
+
+        if (preferences.size() == 0) {
+            preferences.add((new ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder()).build());
+        }
+
+        PermissionUtils.enforceNetworkStackPermission(mContext);
+        if (DBG) {
+            log("setProfileNetworkPreferences " + profile + " to " + preferences);
+        }
+        if (profile.getIdentifier() < 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Must explicitly specify a user handle ("
+                    + "UserHandle.CURRENT not supported)");
+        }
+        final UserManager um = mContext.getSystemService(UserManager.class);
+        if (!um.isManagedProfile(profile.getIdentifier())) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Profile must be a managed profile");
+        }
+
+        final List<ProfileNetworkPreferenceList.Preference> preferenceList =
+                new ArrayList<ProfileNetworkPreferenceList.Preference>();
+        boolean allowFallback = true;
+        for (final ProfileNetworkPreference preference : preferences) {
+            final NetworkCapabilities nc;
+            switch (preference.getPreference()) {
+                case ConnectivityManager.PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT:
+                    nc = null;
+                    if (preference.getPreferenceEnterpriseId() != 0) {
+                        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                                "Invalid enterprise identifier in setProfileNetworkPreferences");
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case ConnectivityManager.PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE_NO_FALLBACK:
+                    allowFallback = false;
+                    // continue to process the enterprise preference.
+                case ConnectivityManager.PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE:
+                    if (!isEnterpriseIdentifierValid(preference.getPreferenceEnterpriseId())) {
+                        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                                "Invalid enterprise identifier in setProfileNetworkPreferences");
+                    }
+                    final Set<UidRange> uidRangeSet =
+                            getUidListToBeAppliedForNetworkPreference(profile, preference);
+                    if (!isRangeAlreadyInPreferenceList(preferenceList, uidRangeSet)) {
+                        nc = createDefaultNetworkCapabilitiesForUidRangeSet(uidRangeSet);
+                    } else {
+                        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                                "Overlapping uid range in setProfileNetworkPreferences");
+                    }
+                    nc.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE);
+                    nc.addEnterpriseId(
+                            preference.getPreferenceEnterpriseId());
+                    nc.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                            "Invalid preference in setProfileNetworkPreferences");
+            }
+            preferenceList.add(new ProfileNetworkPreferenceList.Preference(
+                    profile, nc, allowFallback));
+        }
+        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_SET_PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE,
+                new Pair<>(preferenceList, listener)));
+    }
+
+    private Set<UidRange> getUidListToBeAppliedForNetworkPreference(
+            @NonNull final UserHandle profile,
+            @NonNull final ProfileNetworkPreference profileNetworkPreference) {
+        final UidRange profileUids = UidRange.createForUser(profile);
+        Set<UidRange> uidRangeSet = UidRangeUtils.convertArrayToUidRange(
+                        profileNetworkPreference.getIncludedUids());
+
+        if (uidRangeSet.size() > 0) {
+            if (!UidRangeUtils.isRangeSetInUidRange(profileUids, uidRangeSet)) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                        "Allow uid range is outside the uid range of profile.");
+            }
+        } else {
+            ArraySet<UidRange> disallowUidRangeSet = UidRangeUtils.convertArrayToUidRange(
+                    profileNetworkPreference.getExcludedUids());
+            if (disallowUidRangeSet.size() > 0) {
+                if (!UidRangeUtils.isRangeSetInUidRange(profileUids, disallowUidRangeSet)) {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                            "disallow uid range is outside the uid range of profile.");
+                }
+                uidRangeSet = UidRangeUtils.removeRangeSetFromUidRange(profileUids,
+                        disallowUidRangeSet);
+            } else {
+                uidRangeSet = new ArraySet<UidRange>();
+                uidRangeSet.add(profileUids);
+            }
+        }
+        return uidRangeSet;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isEnterpriseIdentifierValid(
+            @NetworkCapabilities.EnterpriseId int identifier) {
+        if ((identifier >= NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1)
+                && (identifier <= NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_5)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private void validateNetworkCapabilitiesOfProfileNetworkPreference(
+            @Nullable final NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        if (null == nc) return; // Null caps are always allowed. It means to remove the setting.
+        ensureRequestableCapabilities(nc);
+    }
+
+    private ArraySet<NetworkRequestInfo> createNrisFromProfileNetworkPreferences(
+            @NonNull final ProfileNetworkPreferenceList prefs) {
+        final ArraySet<NetworkRequestInfo> result = new ArraySet<>();
+        for (final ProfileNetworkPreferenceList.Preference pref : prefs.preferences) {
+            // The NRI for a user should contain the request for capabilities.
+            // If fallback to default network is needed then NRI should include
+            // the request for the default network. Create an image of it to
+            // have the correct UIDs in it (also a request can only be part of one NRI, because
+            // of lookups in 1:1 associations like mNetworkRequests).
+            final ArrayList<NetworkRequest> nrs = new ArrayList<>();
+            nrs.add(createNetworkRequest(NetworkRequest.Type.REQUEST, pref.capabilities));
+            if (pref.allowFallback) {
+                nrs.add(createDefaultInternetRequestForTransport(
+                        TYPE_NONE, NetworkRequest.Type.TRACK_DEFAULT));
+            }
+            if (VDBG) {
+                loge("pref.capabilities.getUids():" + UidRange.fromIntRanges(
+                        pref.capabilities.getUids()));
+            }
+
+            setNetworkRequestUids(nrs, UidRange.fromIntRanges(pref.capabilities.getUids()));
+            final NetworkRequestInfo nri = new NetworkRequestInfo(Process.myUid(), nrs,
+                    PREFERENCE_ORDER_PROFILE);
+            result.add(nri);
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compare if the given UID range sets have the same UIDs.
+     *
+     */
+    private boolean isRangeAlreadyInPreferenceList(
+            @NonNull List<ProfileNetworkPreferenceList.Preference> preferenceList,
+            @NonNull Set<UidRange> uidRangeSet) {
+        if (uidRangeSet.size() == 0 || preferenceList.size() == 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        for (ProfileNetworkPreferenceList.Preference pref : preferenceList) {
+            if (UidRangeUtils.doesRangeSetOverlap(
+                    UidRange.fromIntRanges(pref.capabilities.getUids()), uidRangeSet)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private void handleSetProfileNetworkPreference(
+            @NonNull final List<ProfileNetworkPreferenceList.Preference> preferenceList,
+            @Nullable final IOnCompleteListener listener) {
+        for (final ProfileNetworkPreferenceList.Preference preference : preferenceList) {
+            validateNetworkCapabilitiesOfProfileNetworkPreference(preference.capabilities);
+            mProfileNetworkPreferences = mProfileNetworkPreferences.plus(preference);
+        }
+        removeDefaultNetworkRequestsForPreference(PREFERENCE_ORDER_PROFILE);
+        addPerAppDefaultNetworkRequests(
+                createNrisFromProfileNetworkPreferences(mProfileNetworkPreferences));
+        // Finally, rematch.
+        rematchAllNetworksAndRequests();
+
+        if (null != listener) {
+            try {
+                listener.onComplete();
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                loge("Listener for setProfileNetworkPreference has died");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    @NonNull
+    ArraySet<NetworkRequestInfo> createNrisFromMobileDataPreferredUids(
+            @NonNull final Set<Integer> uids) {
+        final ArraySet<NetworkRequestInfo> nris = new ArraySet<>();
+        if (uids.size() == 0) {
+            // Should not create NetworkRequestInfo if no preferences. Without uid range in
+            // NetworkRequestInfo, makeDefaultForApps() would treat it as a illegal NRI.
+            if (DBG) log("Don't create NetworkRequestInfo because no preferences");
+            return nris;
+        }
+
+        final List<NetworkRequest> requests = new ArrayList<>();
+        // The NRI should be comprised of two layers:
+        // - The request for the mobile network preferred.
+        // - The request for the default network, for fallback.
+        requests.add(createDefaultInternetRequestForTransport(
+                TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, NetworkRequest.Type.REQUEST));
+        requests.add(createDefaultInternetRequestForTransport(
+                TYPE_NONE, NetworkRequest.Type.TRACK_DEFAULT));
+        final Set<UidRange> ranges = new ArraySet<>();
+        for (final int uid : uids) {
+            ranges.add(new UidRange(uid, uid));
+        }
+        setNetworkRequestUids(requests, ranges);
+        nris.add(new NetworkRequestInfo(Process.myUid(), requests,
+                PREFERENCE_ORDER_MOBILE_DATA_PREFERERRED));
+        return nris;
+    }
+
+    private void handleMobileDataPreferredUidsChanged() {
+        mMobileDataPreferredUids = ConnectivitySettingsManager.getMobileDataPreferredUids(mContext);
+        removeDefaultNetworkRequestsForPreference(PREFERENCE_ORDER_MOBILE_DATA_PREFERERRED);
+        addPerAppDefaultNetworkRequests(
+                createNrisFromMobileDataPreferredUids(mMobileDataPreferredUids));
+        // Finally, rematch.
+        rematchAllNetworksAndRequests();
+    }
+
+    private void handleIngressRateLimitChanged() {
+        final long oldIngressRateLimit = mIngressRateLimit;
+        mIngressRateLimit = ConnectivitySettingsManager.getIngressRateLimitInBytesPerSecond(
+                mContext);
+        for (final NetworkAgentInfo networkAgent : mNetworkAgentInfos) {
+            if (canNetworkBeRateLimited(networkAgent)) {
+                // If rate limit has previously been enabled, remove the old limit first.
+                if (oldIngressRateLimit >= 0) {
+                    mDeps.disableIngressRateLimit(networkAgent.linkProperties.getInterfaceName());
+                }
+                if (mIngressRateLimit >= 0) {
+                    mDeps.enableIngressRateLimit(networkAgent.linkProperties.getInterfaceName(),
+                            mIngressRateLimit);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean canNetworkBeRateLimited(@NonNull final NetworkAgentInfo networkAgent) {
+        // Rate-limiting cannot run correctly before T because the BPF program is not loaded.
+        if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) return false;
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities agentCaps = networkAgent.networkCapabilities;
+        // Only test networks (they cannot hold NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET) and networks that provide
+        // internet connectivity can be rate limited.
+        if (!agentCaps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET) && !agentCaps.hasTransport(
+                TRANSPORT_TEST)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        final String iface = networkAgent.linkProperties.getInterfaceName();
+        if (iface == null) {
+            // This may happen in tests, but if there is no interface then there is nothing that
+            // can be rate limited.
+            loge("canNetworkBeRateLimited: LinkProperties#getInterfaceName returns null");
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private void enforceAutomotiveDevice() {
+        PermissionUtils.enforceSystemFeature(mContext, PackageManager.FEATURE_AUTOMOTIVE,
+                "setOemNetworkPreference() is only available on automotive devices.");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Used by automotive devices to set the network preferences used to direct traffic at an
+     * application level as per the given OemNetworkPreferences. An example use-case would be an
+     * automotive OEM wanting to provide connectivity for applications critical to the usage of a
+     * vehicle via a particular network.
+     *
+     * Calling this will overwrite the existing preference.
+     *
+     * @param preference {@link OemNetworkPreferences} The application network preference to be set.
+     * @param listener {@link ConnectivityManager.OnCompleteListener} Listener used
+     * to communicate completion of setOemNetworkPreference();
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void setOemNetworkPreference(
+            @NonNull final OemNetworkPreferences preference,
+            @Nullable final IOnCompleteListener listener) {
+
+        Objects.requireNonNull(preference, "OemNetworkPreferences must be non-null");
+        // Only bypass the permission/device checks if this is a valid test request.
+        if (isValidTestOemNetworkPreference(preference)) {
+            enforceManageTestNetworksPermission();
+        } else {
+            enforceAutomotiveDevice();
+            enforceOemNetworkPreferencesPermission();
+            validateOemNetworkPreferences(preference);
+        }
+
+        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_SET_OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE,
+                new Pair<>(preference, listener)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check the validity of an OEM network preference to be used for testing purposes.
+     * @param preference the preference to validate
+     * @return true if this is a valid OEM network preference test request.
+     */
+    private boolean isValidTestOemNetworkPreference(
+            @NonNull final OemNetworkPreferences preference) {
+        // Allow for clearing of an existing OemNetworkPreference used for testing.
+        // This isn't called on the handler thread so it is possible that mOemNetworkPreferences
+        // changes after this check is complete. This is an unlikely scenario as calling of this API
+        // is controlled by the OEM therefore the added complexity is not worth adding given those
+        // circumstances. That said, it is an edge case to be aware of hence this comment.
+        final boolean isValidTestClearPref = preference.getNetworkPreferences().size() == 0
+                && isTestOemNetworkPreference(mOemNetworkPreferences);
+        return isTestOemNetworkPreference(preference) || isValidTestClearPref;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isTestOemNetworkPreference(@NonNull final OemNetworkPreferences preference) {
+        final Map<String, Integer> prefMap = preference.getNetworkPreferences();
+        return prefMap.size() == 1
+                && (prefMap.containsValue(OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_TEST)
+                || prefMap.containsValue(OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_TEST_ONLY));
+    }
+
+    private void validateOemNetworkPreferences(@NonNull OemNetworkPreferences preference) {
+        for (@OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int pref
+                : preference.getNetworkPreferences().values()) {
+            if (pref <= 0 || OemNetworkPreferences.OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_MAX < pref) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                        OemNetworkPreferences.oemNetworkPreferenceToString(pref)
+                                + " is an invalid value.");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void handleSetOemNetworkPreference(
+            @NonNull final OemNetworkPreferences preference,
+            @Nullable final IOnCompleteListener listener) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(preference, "OemNetworkPreferences must be non-null");
+        if (DBG) {
+            log("set OEM network preferences :" + preference.toString());
+        }
+
+        mOemNetworkPreferencesLogs.log("UPDATE INITIATED: " + preference);
+        removeDefaultNetworkRequestsForPreference(PREFERENCE_ORDER_OEM);
+        addPerAppDefaultNetworkRequests(new OemNetworkRequestFactory()
+                .createNrisFromOemNetworkPreferences(preference));
+        mOemNetworkPreferences = preference;
+
+        if (null != listener) {
+            try {
+                listener.onComplete();
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                loge("Can't send onComplete in handleSetOemNetworkPreference", e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void removeDefaultNetworkRequestsForPreference(final int preferenceOrder) {
+        // Skip the requests which are set by other network preference. Because the uid range rules
+        // should stay in netd.
+        final Set<NetworkRequestInfo> requests = new ArraySet<>(mDefaultNetworkRequests);
+        requests.removeIf(request -> request.mPreferenceOrder != preferenceOrder);
+        handleRemoveNetworkRequests(requests);
+    }
+
+    private void addPerAppDefaultNetworkRequests(@NonNull final Set<NetworkRequestInfo> nris) {
+        ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
+        mDefaultNetworkRequests.addAll(nris);
+        final ArraySet<NetworkRequestInfo> perAppCallbackRequestsToUpdate =
+                getPerAppCallbackRequestsToUpdate();
+        final ArraySet<NetworkRequestInfo> nrisToRegister = new ArraySet<>(nris);
+        handleRemoveNetworkRequests(perAppCallbackRequestsToUpdate);
+        nrisToRegister.addAll(
+                createPerAppCallbackRequestsToRegister(perAppCallbackRequestsToUpdate));
+        handleRegisterNetworkRequests(nrisToRegister);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * All current requests that are tracking the default network need to be assessed as to whether
+     * or not the current set of per-application default requests will be changing their default
+     * network. If so, those requests will need to be updated so that they will send callbacks for
+     * default network changes at the appropriate time. Additionally, those requests tracking the
+     * default that were previously updated by this flow will need to be reassessed.
+     * @return the nris which will need to be updated.
+     */
+    private ArraySet<NetworkRequestInfo> getPerAppCallbackRequestsToUpdate() {
+        final ArraySet<NetworkRequestInfo> defaultCallbackRequests = new ArraySet<>();
+        // Get the distinct nris to check since for multilayer requests, it is possible to have the
+        // same nri in the map's values for each of its NetworkRequest objects.
+        final ArraySet<NetworkRequestInfo> nris = new ArraySet<>(mNetworkRequests.values());
+        for (final NetworkRequestInfo nri : nris) {
+            // Include this nri if it is currently being tracked.
+            if (isPerAppTrackedNri(nri)) {
+                defaultCallbackRequests.add(nri);
+                continue;
+            }
+            // We only track callbacks for requests tracking the default.
+            if (NetworkRequest.Type.TRACK_DEFAULT != nri.mRequests.get(0).type) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            // Include this nri if it will be tracked by the new per-app default requests.
+            final boolean isNriGoingToBeTracked =
+                    getDefaultRequestTrackingUid(nri.mAsUid) != mDefaultRequest;
+            if (isNriGoingToBeTracked) {
+                defaultCallbackRequests.add(nri);
+            }
+        }
+        return defaultCallbackRequests;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create nris for those network requests that are currently tracking the default network that
+     * are being controlled by a per-application default.
+     * @param perAppCallbackRequestsForUpdate the baseline network requests to be used as the
+     * foundation when creating the nri. Important items include the calling uid's original
+     * NetworkRequest to be used when mapping callbacks as well as the caller's uid and name. These
+     * requests are assumed to have already been validated as needing to be updated.
+     * @return the Set of nris to use when registering network requests.
+     */
+    private ArraySet<NetworkRequestInfo> createPerAppCallbackRequestsToRegister(
+            @NonNull final ArraySet<NetworkRequestInfo> perAppCallbackRequestsForUpdate) {
+        final ArraySet<NetworkRequestInfo> callbackRequestsToRegister = new ArraySet<>();
+        for (final NetworkRequestInfo callbackRequest : perAppCallbackRequestsForUpdate) {
+            final NetworkRequestInfo trackingNri =
+                    getDefaultRequestTrackingUid(callbackRequest.mAsUid);
+
+            // If this nri is not being tracked, then change it back to an untracked nri.
+            if (trackingNri == mDefaultRequest) {
+                callbackRequestsToRegister.add(new NetworkRequestInfo(
+                        callbackRequest,
+                        Collections.singletonList(callbackRequest.getNetworkRequestForCallback())));
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            final NetworkRequest request = callbackRequest.mRequests.get(0);
+            callbackRequestsToRegister.add(new NetworkRequestInfo(
+                    callbackRequest,
+                    copyNetworkRequestsForUid(
+                            trackingNri.mRequests, callbackRequest.mAsUid,
+                            callbackRequest.mUid, request.getRequestorPackageName())));
+        }
+        return callbackRequestsToRegister;
+    }
+
+    private static void setNetworkRequestUids(@NonNull final List<NetworkRequest> requests,
+            @NonNull final Set<UidRange> uids) {
+        for (final NetworkRequest req : requests) {
+            req.networkCapabilities.setUids(UidRange.toIntRanges(uids));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Class used to generate {@link NetworkRequestInfo} based off of {@link OemNetworkPreferences}.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    final class OemNetworkRequestFactory {
+        ArraySet<NetworkRequestInfo> createNrisFromOemNetworkPreferences(
+                @NonNull final OemNetworkPreferences preference) {
+            final ArraySet<NetworkRequestInfo> nris = new ArraySet<>();
+            final SparseArray<Set<Integer>> uids =
+                    createUidsFromOemNetworkPreferences(preference);
+            for (int i = 0; i < uids.size(); i++) {
+                final int key = uids.keyAt(i);
+                final Set<Integer> value = uids.valueAt(i);
+                final NetworkRequestInfo nri = createNriFromOemNetworkPreferences(key, value);
+                // No need to add an nri without any requests.
+                if (0 == nri.mRequests.size()) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                nris.add(nri);
+            }
+
+            return nris;
+        }
+
+        private SparseArray<Set<Integer>> createUidsFromOemNetworkPreferences(
+                @NonNull final OemNetworkPreferences preference) {
+            final SparseArray<Set<Integer>> prefToUids = new SparseArray<>();
+            final PackageManager pm = mContext.getPackageManager();
+            final List<UserHandle> users =
+                    mContext.getSystemService(UserManager.class).getUserHandles(true);
+            if (null == users || users.size() == 0) {
+                if (VDBG || DDBG) {
+                    log("No users currently available for setting the OEM network preference.");
+                }
+                return prefToUids;
+            }
+            for (final Map.Entry<String, Integer> entry :
+                    preference.getNetworkPreferences().entrySet()) {
+                @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int pref = entry.getValue();
+                // Add the rules for all users as this policy is device wide.
+                for (final UserHandle user : users) {
+                    try {
+                        final int uid = pm.getApplicationInfoAsUser(entry.getKey(), 0, user).uid;
+                        if (!prefToUids.contains(pref)) {
+                            prefToUids.put(pref, new ArraySet<>());
+                        }
+                        prefToUids.get(pref).add(uid);
+                    } catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) {
+                        // Although this may seem like an error scenario, it is ok that uninstalled
+                        // packages are sent on a network preference as the system will watch for
+                        // package installations associated with this network preference and update
+                        // accordingly. This is done to minimize race conditions on app install.
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return prefToUids;
+        }
+
+        private NetworkRequestInfo createNriFromOemNetworkPreferences(
+                @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int preference,
+                @NonNull final Set<Integer> uids) {
+            final List<NetworkRequest> requests = new ArrayList<>();
+            // Requests will ultimately be evaluated by order of insertion therefore it matters.
+            switch (preference) {
+                case OemNetworkPreferences.OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID:
+                    requests.add(createUnmeteredNetworkRequest());
+                    requests.add(createOemPaidNetworkRequest());
+                    requests.add(createDefaultInternetRequestForTransport(
+                            TYPE_NONE, NetworkRequest.Type.TRACK_DEFAULT));
+                    break;
+                case OemNetworkPreferences.OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID_NO_FALLBACK:
+                    requests.add(createUnmeteredNetworkRequest());
+                    requests.add(createOemPaidNetworkRequest());
+                    break;
+                case OemNetworkPreferences.OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID_ONLY:
+                    requests.add(createOemPaidNetworkRequest());
+                    break;
+                case OemNetworkPreferences.OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PRIVATE_ONLY:
+                    requests.add(createOemPrivateNetworkRequest());
+                    break;
+                case OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_TEST:
+                    requests.add(createUnmeteredNetworkRequest());
+                    requests.add(createTestNetworkRequest());
+                    requests.add(createDefaultRequest());
+                    break;
+                case OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_TEST_ONLY:
+                    requests.add(createTestNetworkRequest());
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    // This should never happen.
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("createNriFromOemNetworkPreferences()"
+                            + " called with invalid preference of " + preference);
+            }
+
+            final ArraySet<UidRange> ranges = new ArraySet<>();
+            for (final int uid : uids) {
+                ranges.add(new UidRange(uid, uid));
+            }
+            setNetworkRequestUids(requests, ranges);
+            return new NetworkRequestInfo(Process.myUid(), requests, PREFERENCE_ORDER_OEM);
+        }
+
+        private NetworkRequest createUnmeteredNetworkRequest() {
+            final NetworkCapabilities netcap = createDefaultPerAppNetCap()
+                    .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
+                    .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED);
+            return createNetworkRequest(NetworkRequest.Type.LISTEN, netcap);
+        }
+
+        private NetworkRequest createOemPaidNetworkRequest() {
+            // NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID is a restricted capability.
+            final NetworkCapabilities netcap = createDefaultPerAppNetCap()
+                    .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID)
+                    .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED);
+            return createNetworkRequest(NetworkRequest.Type.REQUEST, netcap);
+        }
+
+        private NetworkRequest createOemPrivateNetworkRequest() {
+            // NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE is a restricted capability.
+            final NetworkCapabilities netcap = createDefaultPerAppNetCap()
+                    .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE)
+                    .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED);
+            return createNetworkRequest(NetworkRequest.Type.REQUEST, netcap);
+        }
+
+        private NetworkCapabilities createDefaultPerAppNetCap() {
+            final NetworkCapabilities netcap = new NetworkCapabilities();
+            netcap.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
+            netcap.setRequestorUidAndPackageName(Process.myUid(), mContext.getPackageName());
+            return netcap;
+        }
+
+        private NetworkRequest createTestNetworkRequest() {
+            final NetworkCapabilities netcap = new NetworkCapabilities();
+            netcap.clearAll();
+            netcap.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST);
+            return createNetworkRequest(NetworkRequest.Type.REQUEST, netcap);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void updateMeteredNetworkAllowList(final int uid, final boolean add) {
+        enforceNetworkStackOrSettingsPermission();
+
+        try {
+            if (add) {
+                mBpfNetMaps.addNiceApp(uid);
+            } else {
+                mBpfNetMaps.removeNiceApp(uid);
+            }
+        } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void updateMeteredNetworkDenyList(final int uid, final boolean add) {
+        enforceNetworkStackOrSettingsPermission();
+
+        try {
+            if (add) {
+                mBpfNetMaps.addNaughtyApp(uid);
+            } else {
+                mBpfNetMaps.removeNaughtyApp(uid);
+            }
+        } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void updateFirewallRule(final int chain, final int uid, final boolean allow) {
+        enforceNetworkStackOrSettingsPermission();
+
+        try {
+            mBpfNetMaps.setUidRule(chain, uid,
+                    allow ? INetd.FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW : INetd.FIREWALL_RULE_DENY);
+        } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setFirewallChainEnabled(final int chain, final boolean enable) {
+        enforceNetworkStackOrSettingsPermission();
+
+        try {
+            mBpfNetMaps.setChildChain(chain, enable);
+        } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void replaceFirewallChain(final int chain, final int[] uids) {
+        enforceNetworkStackOrSettingsPermission();
+
+        try {
+            switch (chain) {
+                case ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE:
+                    mBpfNetMaps.replaceUidChain("fw_dozable", true /* isAllowList */, uids);
+                    break;
+                case ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_STANDBY:
+                    mBpfNetMaps.replaceUidChain("fw_standby", false /* isAllowList */, uids);
+                    break;
+                case ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_POWERSAVE:
+                    mBpfNetMaps.replaceUidChain("fw_powersave", true /* isAllowList */, uids);
+                    break;
+                case ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_RESTRICTED:
+                    mBpfNetMaps.replaceUidChain("fw_restricted", true /* isAllowList */, uids);
+                    break;
+                case ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOW_POWER_STANDBY:
+                    mBpfNetMaps.replaceUidChain("fw_low_power_standby", true /* isAllowList */,
+                            uids);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("replaceFirewallChain with invalid chain: "
+                            + chain);
+            }
+        } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/NetIdManager.java b/service/src/com/android/server/NetIdManager.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..61925c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/NetIdManager.java
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.util.SparseBooleanArray;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+
+/**
+ * Class used to reserve and release net IDs.
+ *
+ * <p>Instances of this class are thread-safe.
+ */
+public class NetIdManager {
+    // Sequence number for Networks; keep in sync with system/netd/NetworkController.cpp
+    public static final int MIN_NET_ID = 100; // some reserved marks
+    // Top IDs reserved by IpSecService
+    public static final int MAX_NET_ID = ConnectivityManager.getIpSecNetIdRange().getLower() - 1;
+
+    @GuardedBy("mNetIdInUse")
+    private final SparseBooleanArray mNetIdInUse = new SparseBooleanArray();
+
+    @GuardedBy("mNetIdInUse")
+    private int mLastNetId = MIN_NET_ID - 1;
+
+    private final int mMaxNetId;
+
+    public NetIdManager() {
+        this(MAX_NET_ID);
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    NetIdManager(int maxNetId) {
+        mMaxNetId = maxNetId;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the first netId that follows the provided lastId and is available.
+     */
+    private int getNextAvailableNetIdLocked(
+            int lastId, @NonNull SparseBooleanArray netIdInUse) {
+        int netId = lastId;
+        for (int i = MIN_NET_ID; i <= mMaxNetId; i++) {
+            netId = netId < mMaxNetId ? netId + 1 : MIN_NET_ID;
+            if (!netIdInUse.get(netId)) {
+                return netId;
+            }
+        }
+        throw new IllegalStateException("No free netIds");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reserve a new ID for a network.
+     */
+    public int reserveNetId() {
+        synchronized (mNetIdInUse) {
+            mLastNetId = getNextAvailableNetIdLocked(mLastNetId, mNetIdInUse);
+            // Make sure NetID unused.  http://b/16815182
+            mNetIdInUse.put(mLastNetId, true);
+            return mLastNetId;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clear a previously reserved ID for a network.
+     */
+    public void releaseNetId(int id) {
+        synchronized (mNetIdInUse) {
+            mNetIdInUse.delete(id);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/TestNetworkService.java b/service/src/com/android/server/TestNetworkService.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0bfb4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/TestNetworkService.java
@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server;
+
+import static android.net.TestNetworkManager.TEST_TAP_PREFIX;
+import static android.net.TestNetworkManager.TEST_TUN_PREFIX;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.INetd;
+import android.net.ITestNetworkManager;
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.NetworkAgent;
+import android.net.NetworkAgentConfig;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkProvider;
+import android.net.RouteInfo;
+import android.net.TestNetworkInterface;
+import android.net.TestNetworkSpecifier;
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.HandlerThread;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.util.SparseArray;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetdUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants;
+
+import java.io.UncheckedIOException;
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InterfaceAddress;
+import java.net.NetworkInterface;
+import java.net.SocketException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+/** @hide */
+class TestNetworkService extends ITestNetworkManager.Stub {
+    @NonNull private static final String TEST_NETWORK_LOGTAG = "TestNetworkAgent";
+    @NonNull private static final String TEST_NETWORK_PROVIDER_NAME = "TestNetworkProvider";
+    @NonNull private static final AtomicInteger sTestTunIndex = new AtomicInteger();
+
+    @NonNull private final Context mContext;
+    @NonNull private final INetd mNetd;
+
+    @NonNull private final HandlerThread mHandlerThread;
+    @NonNull private final Handler mHandler;
+
+    @NonNull private final ConnectivityManager mCm;
+    @NonNull private final NetworkProvider mNetworkProvider;
+
+    // Native method stubs
+    private static native int jniCreateTunTap(boolean isTun, @NonNull String iface);
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected TestNetworkService(@NonNull Context context) {
+        mHandlerThread = new HandlerThread("TestNetworkServiceThread");
+        mHandlerThread.start();
+        mHandler = new Handler(mHandlerThread.getLooper());
+
+        mContext = Objects.requireNonNull(context, "missing Context");
+        mNetd = Objects.requireNonNull(
+                INetd.Stub.asInterface((IBinder) context.getSystemService(Context.NETD_SERVICE)),
+                "could not get netd instance");
+        mCm = mContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
+        mNetworkProvider = new NetworkProvider(mContext, mHandler.getLooper(),
+                TEST_NETWORK_PROVIDER_NAME);
+        final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+        try {
+            mCm.registerNetworkProvider(mNetworkProvider);
+        } finally {
+            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a TUN or TAP interface with the specified parameters.
+     *
+     * <p>This method will return the FileDescriptor to the interface. Close it to tear down the
+     * interface.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public TestNetworkInterface createInterface(boolean isTun, boolean bringUp,
+            LinkAddress[] linkAddrs) {
+        enforceTestNetworkPermissions(mContext);
+
+        Objects.requireNonNull(linkAddrs, "missing linkAddrs");
+
+        String ifacePrefix = isTun ? TEST_TUN_PREFIX : TEST_TAP_PREFIX;
+        String iface = ifacePrefix + sTestTunIndex.getAndIncrement();
+        final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+        try {
+            ParcelFileDescriptor tunIntf =
+                    ParcelFileDescriptor.adoptFd(jniCreateTunTap(isTun, iface));
+            for (LinkAddress addr : linkAddrs) {
+                mNetd.interfaceAddAddress(
+                        iface,
+                        addr.getAddress().getHostAddress(),
+                        addr.getPrefixLength());
+            }
+
+            if (bringUp) {
+                NetdUtils.setInterfaceUp(mNetd, iface);
+            }
+
+            return new TestNetworkInterface(tunIntf, iface);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        } finally {
+            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Tracker for TestNetworkAgents
+    @GuardedBy("mTestNetworkTracker")
+    @NonNull
+    private final SparseArray<TestNetworkAgent> mTestNetworkTracker = new SparseArray<>();
+
+    public class TestNetworkAgent extends NetworkAgent implements IBinder.DeathRecipient {
+        private static final int NETWORK_SCORE = 1; // Use a low, non-zero score.
+
+        private final int mUid;
+
+        @GuardedBy("mBinderLock")
+        @NonNull
+        private IBinder mBinder;
+
+        @NonNull private final Object mBinderLock = new Object();
+
+        private TestNetworkAgent(
+                @NonNull Context context,
+                @NonNull Looper looper,
+                @NonNull NetworkCapabilities nc,
+                @NonNull LinkProperties lp,
+                @NonNull NetworkAgentConfig config,
+                int uid,
+                @NonNull IBinder binder,
+                @NonNull NetworkProvider np)
+                throws RemoteException {
+            super(context, looper, TEST_NETWORK_LOGTAG, nc, lp, NETWORK_SCORE, config, np);
+            mUid = uid;
+            synchronized (mBinderLock) {
+                mBinder = binder; // Binder null-checks in create()
+
+                try {
+                    mBinder.linkToDeath(this, 0);
+                } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                    binderDied();
+                    throw e; // Abort, signal failure up the stack.
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * If the Binder object dies, this function is called to free the resources of this
+         * TestNetworkAgent
+         */
+        @Override
+        public void binderDied() {
+            teardown();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected void unwanted() {
+            teardown();
+        }
+
+        private void teardown() {
+            unregister();
+
+            // Synchronize on mBinderLock to ensure that unlinkToDeath is never called more than
+            // once (otherwise it could throw an exception)
+            synchronized (mBinderLock) {
+                // If mBinder is null, this Test Network has already been cleaned up.
+                if (mBinder == null) return;
+                mBinder.unlinkToDeath(this, 0);
+                mBinder = null;
+            }
+
+            // Has to be in TestNetworkAgent to ensure all teardown codepaths properly clean up
+            // resources, even for binder death or unwanted calls.
+            synchronized (mTestNetworkTracker) {
+                mTestNetworkTracker.remove(getNetwork().getNetId());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private TestNetworkAgent registerTestNetworkAgent(
+            @NonNull Looper looper,
+            @NonNull Context context,
+            @NonNull String iface,
+            @Nullable LinkProperties lp,
+            boolean isMetered,
+            int callingUid,
+            @NonNull int[] administratorUids,
+            @NonNull IBinder binder)
+            throws RemoteException, SocketException {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(looper, "missing Looper");
+        Objects.requireNonNull(context, "missing Context");
+        // iface and binder validity checked by caller
+
+        // Build narrow set of NetworkCapabilities, useful only for testing
+        NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        nc.clearAll(); // Remove default capabilities.
+        nc.addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST);
+        nc.addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED);
+        nc.addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED);
+        nc.addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED);
+        nc.setNetworkSpecifier(new TestNetworkSpecifier(iface));
+        nc.setAdministratorUids(administratorUids);
+        if (!isMetered) {
+            nc.addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        }
+
+        // Build LinkProperties
+        if (lp == null) {
+            lp = new LinkProperties();
+        } else {
+            lp = new LinkProperties(lp);
+            // Use LinkAddress(es) from the interface itself to minimize how much the caller
+            // is trusted.
+            lp.setLinkAddresses(new ArrayList<>());
+        }
+        lp.setInterfaceName(iface);
+
+        // Find the currently assigned addresses, and add them to LinkProperties
+        boolean allowIPv4 = false, allowIPv6 = false;
+        NetworkInterface netIntf = NetworkInterface.getByName(iface);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(netIntf, "No such network interface found: " + netIntf);
+
+        for (InterfaceAddress intfAddr : netIntf.getInterfaceAddresses()) {
+            lp.addLinkAddress(
+                    new LinkAddress(intfAddr.getAddress(), intfAddr.getNetworkPrefixLength()));
+
+            if (intfAddr.getAddress() instanceof Inet6Address) {
+                allowIPv6 |= !intfAddr.getAddress().isLinkLocalAddress();
+            } else if (intfAddr.getAddress() instanceof Inet4Address) {
+                allowIPv4 = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Add global routes (but as non-default, non-internet providing network)
+        if (allowIPv4) {
+            lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(
+                    NetworkStackConstants.IPV4_ADDR_ANY, 0), null, iface));
+        }
+        if (allowIPv6) {
+            lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(
+                    NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_ADDR_ANY, 0), null, iface));
+        }
+
+        final TestNetworkAgent agent = new TestNetworkAgent(context, looper, nc, lp,
+                new NetworkAgentConfig.Builder().build(), callingUid, binder,
+                mNetworkProvider);
+        agent.register();
+        agent.markConnected();
+        return agent;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets up a Network with extremely limited privileges, guarded by the MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS
+     * permission.
+     *
+     * <p>This method provides a Network that is useful only for testing.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void setupTestNetwork(
+            @NonNull String iface,
+            @Nullable LinkProperties lp,
+            boolean isMetered,
+            @NonNull int[] administratorUids,
+            @NonNull IBinder binder) {
+        enforceTestNetworkPermissions(mContext);
+
+        Objects.requireNonNull(iface, "missing Iface");
+        Objects.requireNonNull(binder, "missing IBinder");
+
+        if (!(iface.startsWith(INetd.IPSEC_INTERFACE_PREFIX)
+                || iface.startsWith(TEST_TUN_PREFIX))) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "Cannot create network for non ipsec, non-testtun interface");
+        }
+
+        try {
+            // Synchronize all accesses to mTestNetworkTracker to prevent the case where:
+            // 1. TestNetworkAgent successfully binds to death of binder
+            // 2. Before it is added to the mTestNetworkTracker, binder dies, binderDied() is called
+            // (on a different thread)
+            // 3. This thread is pre-empted, put() is called after remove()
+            synchronized (mTestNetworkTracker) {
+                TestNetworkAgent agent =
+                        registerTestNetworkAgent(
+                                mHandler.getLooper(),
+                                mContext,
+                                iface,
+                                lp,
+                                isMetered,
+                                Binder.getCallingUid(),
+                                administratorUids,
+                                binder);
+
+                mTestNetworkTracker.put(agent.getNetwork().getNetId(), agent);
+            }
+        } catch (SocketException e) {
+            throw new UncheckedIOException(e);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Teardown a test network */
+    @Override
+    public void teardownTestNetwork(int netId) {
+        enforceTestNetworkPermissions(mContext);
+
+        final TestNetworkAgent agent;
+        synchronized (mTestNetworkTracker) {
+            agent = mTestNetworkTracker.get(netId);
+        }
+
+        if (agent == null) {
+            return; // Already torn down
+        } else if (agent.mUid != Binder.getCallingUid()) {
+            throw new SecurityException("Attempted to modify other user's test networks");
+        }
+
+        // Safe to be called multiple times.
+        agent.teardown();
+    }
+
+    private static final String PERMISSION_NAME =
+            android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS;
+
+    public static void enforceTestNetworkPermissions(@NonNull Context context) {
+        context.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(PERMISSION_NAME, "TestNetworkService");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/AutodestructReference.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/AutodestructReference.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..009a43e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/AutodestructReference.java
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
+
+/**
+ * A ref that autodestructs at the first usage of it.
+ * @param <T> The type of the held object
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class AutodestructReference<T> {
+    private final AtomicReference<T> mHeld;
+    public AutodestructReference(@NonNull T obj) {
+        if (null == obj) throw new NullPointerException("Autodestruct reference to null");
+        mHeld = new AtomicReference<>(obj);
+    }
+
+    /** Get the ref and destruct it. NPE if already destructed. */
+    @NonNull
+    public T getAndDestroy() {
+        final T obj = mHeld.getAndSet(null);
+        if (null == obj) throw new NullPointerException("Already autodestructed");
+        return obj;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b761762
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.java
@@ -0,0 +1,325 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_CBS;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
+
+import static com.android.networkstack.apishim.ConstantsShim.RECEIVER_NOT_EXPORTED;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.IntentFilter;
+import android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkSpecifier;
+import android.net.TelephonyNetworkSpecifier;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.HandlerThread;
+import android.os.Process;
+import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager;
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.TelephonyManagerShimImpl;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.TelephonyManagerShim;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.TelephonyManagerShim.CarrierPrivilegesListenerShim;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.UnsupportedApiLevelException;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException;
+
+/**
+ * Tracks the uid of the carrier privileged app that provides the carrier config.
+ * Authenticates if the caller has same uid as
+ * carrier privileged app that provides the carrier config
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator extends BroadcastReceiver {
+    private static final String TAG = CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.class.getSimpleName();
+    private static final boolean DBG = true;
+
+    // The context is for the current user (system server)
+    private final Context mContext;
+    private final TelephonyManagerShim mTelephonyManagerShim;
+    private final TelephonyManager mTelephonyManager;
+    @GuardedBy("mLock")
+    private int[] mCarrierServiceUid;
+    @GuardedBy("mLock")
+    private int mModemCount = 0;
+    private final Object mLock = new Object();
+    private final HandlerThread mThread;
+    private final Handler mHandler;
+    @NonNull
+    private final List<CarrierPrivilegesListenerShim> mCarrierPrivilegesChangedListeners =
+            new ArrayList<>();
+
+    public CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator(@NonNull final Context c,
+            @NonNull final TelephonyManager t,
+            @NonNull final TelephonyManagerShimImpl telephonyManagerShim) {
+        mContext = c;
+        mTelephonyManager = t;
+        mTelephonyManagerShim = telephonyManagerShim;
+        mThread = new HandlerThread(TAG);
+        mThread.start();
+        mHandler = new Handler(mThread.getLooper()) {};
+        synchronized (mLock) {
+            mModemCount = mTelephonyManager.getActiveModemCount();
+            registerForCarrierChanges();
+            updateCarrierServiceUid();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator(@NonNull final Context c,
+            @NonNull final TelephonyManager t) {
+        mContext = c;
+        mTelephonyManager = t;
+        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > Build.VERSION_CODES.S) {
+            mTelephonyManagerShim = new TelephonyManagerShimImpl(mTelephonyManager);
+        } else {
+            mTelephonyManagerShim = null;
+        }
+        mThread = new HandlerThread(TAG);
+        mThread.start();
+        mHandler = new Handler(mThread.getLooper()) {};
+        synchronized (mLock) {
+            mModemCount = mTelephonyManager.getActiveModemCount();
+            registerForCarrierChanges();
+            updateCarrierServiceUid();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * An adapter {@link Executor} that posts all executed tasks onto the given
+     * {@link Handler}.
+     *
+     * TODO : migrate to the version in frameworks/libs/net when it's ready
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public class HandlerExecutor implements Executor {
+        private final Handler mHandler;
+        public HandlerExecutor(@NonNull Handler handler) {
+            mHandler = handler;
+        }
+        @Override
+        public void execute(Runnable command) {
+            if (!mHandler.post(command)) {
+                throw new RejectedExecutionException(mHandler + " is shutting down");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Broadcast receiver for ACTION_MULTI_SIM_CONFIG_CHANGED
+     *
+     * <p>The broadcast receiver is registered with mHandler
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+        switch (intent.getAction()) {
+            case TelephonyManager.ACTION_MULTI_SIM_CONFIG_CHANGED:
+                handleActionMultiSimConfigChanged(context, intent);
+                break;
+            default:
+                Log.d(TAG, "Unknown intent received with action: " + intent.getAction());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void handleActionMultiSimConfigChanged(Context context, Intent intent) {
+        unregisterCarrierPrivilegesListeners();
+        synchronized (mLock) {
+            mModemCount = mTelephonyManager.getActiveModemCount();
+        }
+        registerCarrierPrivilegesListeners();
+        updateCarrierServiceUid();
+    }
+
+    private void registerForCarrierChanges() {
+        final IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
+        filter.addAction(TelephonyManager.ACTION_MULTI_SIM_CONFIG_CHANGED);
+        mContext.registerReceiver(this, filter, null, mHandler, RECEIVER_NOT_EXPORTED /* flags */);
+        registerCarrierPrivilegesListeners();
+    }
+
+    private void registerCarrierPrivilegesListeners() {
+        final HandlerExecutor executor = new HandlerExecutor(mHandler);
+        int modemCount;
+        synchronized (mLock) {
+            modemCount = mModemCount;
+        }
+        try {
+            for (int i = 0; i < modemCount; i++) {
+                CarrierPrivilegesListenerShim carrierPrivilegesListener =
+                        new CarrierPrivilegesListenerShim() {
+                            @Override
+                            public void onCarrierPrivilegesChanged(
+                                    @NonNull List<String> privilegedPackageNames,
+                                    @NonNull int[] privilegedUids) {
+                                // Re-trigger the synchronous check (which is also very cheap due
+                                // to caching in CarrierPrivilegesTracker). This allows consistency
+                                // with the onSubscriptionsChangedListener and broadcasts.
+                                updateCarrierServiceUid();
+                            }
+                        };
+                addCarrierPrivilegesListener(i, executor, carrierPrivilegesListener);
+                mCarrierPrivilegesChangedListeners.add(carrierPrivilegesListener);
+            }
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Encountered exception registering carrier privileges listeners", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void addCarrierPrivilegesListener(int logicalSlotIndex, Executor executor,
+            CarrierPrivilegesListenerShim listener) {
+        if (mTelephonyManagerShim  == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        try {
+            mTelephonyManagerShim.addCarrierPrivilegesListener(
+                    logicalSlotIndex, executor, listener);
+        } catch (UnsupportedApiLevelException unsupportedApiLevelException) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "addCarrierPrivilegesListener API is not available");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void removeCarrierPrivilegesListener(CarrierPrivilegesListenerShim listener) {
+        if (mTelephonyManagerShim  == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        try {
+            mTelephonyManagerShim.removeCarrierPrivilegesListener(listener);
+        } catch (UnsupportedApiLevelException unsupportedApiLevelException) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "removeCarrierPrivilegesListener API is not available");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private String getCarrierServicePackageNameForLogicalSlot(int logicalSlotIndex) {
+        if (mTelephonyManagerShim  == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        try {
+            return mTelephonyManagerShim.getCarrierServicePackageNameForLogicalSlot(
+                    logicalSlotIndex);
+        } catch (UnsupportedApiLevelException unsupportedApiLevelException) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "getCarrierServicePackageNameForLogicalSlot API is not available");
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private void unregisterCarrierPrivilegesListeners() {
+        for (CarrierPrivilegesListenerShim carrierPrivilegesListener :
+                mCarrierPrivilegesChangedListeners) {
+            removeCarrierPrivilegesListener(carrierPrivilegesListener);
+        }
+        mCarrierPrivilegesChangedListeners.clear();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if a UID is the carrier service app of the subscription ID in the provided capabilities
+     *
+     * This returns whether the passed UID is the carrier service package for the subscription ID
+     * stored in the telephony network specifier in the passed network capabilities.
+     * If the capabilities don't code for a cellular network, or if they don't have the
+     * subscription ID in their specifier, this returns false.
+     *
+     * This method can be used to check that a network request for {@link NET_CAPABILITY_CBS} is
+     * allowed for the UID of a caller, which must hold carrier privilege and provide the carrier
+     * config.
+     * It can also be used to check that a factory is entitled to grant access to a given network
+     * to a given UID on grounds that it is the carrier service package.
+     *
+     * @param callingUid uid of the app claimed to be the carrier service package.
+     * @param networkCapabilities the network capabilities for which carrier privilege is checked.
+     * @return true if uid provides the relevant carrier config else false.
+     */
+    public boolean hasCarrierPrivilegeForNetworkCapabilities(int callingUid,
+            @NonNull NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities) {
+        if (callingUid == Process.INVALID_UID) return false;
+        if (!networkCapabilities.hasSingleTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)) return false;
+        final int subId = getSubIdFromNetworkSpecifier(networkCapabilities.getNetworkSpecifier());
+        if (SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID == subId) return false;
+        return callingUid == getCarrierServiceUidForSubId(subId);
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    void updateCarrierServiceUid() {
+        synchronized (mLock) {
+            mCarrierServiceUid = new int[mModemCount];
+            for (int i = 0; i < mModemCount; i++) {
+                mCarrierServiceUid[i] = getCarrierServicePackageUidForSlot(i);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    int getCarrierServiceUidForSubId(int subId) {
+        final int slotId = getSlotIndex(subId);
+        synchronized (mLock) {
+            if (slotId != SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SIM_SLOT_INDEX && slotId < mModemCount) {
+                return mCarrierServiceUid[slotId];
+            }
+        }
+        return Process.INVALID_UID;
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected int getSlotIndex(int subId) {
+        return SubscriptionManager.getSlotIndex(subId);
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    int getSubIdFromNetworkSpecifier(NetworkSpecifier specifier) {
+        if (specifier instanceof TelephonyNetworkSpecifier) {
+            return ((TelephonyNetworkSpecifier) specifier).getSubscriptionId();
+        }
+        return SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID;
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    int getUidForPackage(String pkgName) {
+        if (pkgName == null) {
+            return Process.INVALID_UID;
+        }
+        try {
+            PackageManager pm = mContext.getPackageManager();
+            if (pm != null) {
+                ApplicationInfo applicationInfo = pm.getApplicationInfo(pkgName, 0);
+                if (applicationInfo != null) {
+                    return applicationInfo.uid;
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException exception) {
+            // Didn't find package. Try other users
+            Log.i(TAG, "Unable to find uid for package " + pkgName);
+        }
+        return Process.INVALID_UID;
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    int getCarrierServicePackageUidForSlot(int slotId) {
+        return getUidForPackage(getCarrierServicePackageNameForLogicalSlot(slotId));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ClatCoordinator.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ClatCoordinator.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c1a8195
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ClatCoordinator.java
@@ -0,0 +1,438 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import static android.net.INetd.IF_STATE_UP;
+import static android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_SYSTEM;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_MIN_MTU;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.net.INetd;
+import android.net.InterfaceConfigurationParcel;
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.net.module.util.InterfaceParams;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+
+/**
+ * This coordinator is responsible for providing clat relevant functionality.
+ *
+ * {@hide}
+ */
+public class ClatCoordinator {
+    private static final String TAG = ClatCoordinator.class.getSimpleName();
+
+    // Sync from external/android-clat/clatd.c
+    // 40 bytes IPv6 header - 20 bytes IPv4 header + 8 bytes fragment header.
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static final int MTU_DELTA = 28;
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static final int CLAT_MAX_MTU = 65536;
+
+    // This must match the interface prefix in clatd.c.
+    private static final String CLAT_PREFIX = "v4-";
+
+    // For historical reasons, start with 192.0.0.4, and after that, use all subsequent addresses
+    // in 192.0.0.0/29 (RFC 7335).
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static final String INIT_V4ADDR_STRING = "192.0.0.4";
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static final int INIT_V4ADDR_PREFIX_LEN = 29;
+    private static final InetAddress GOOGLE_DNS_4 = InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("8.8.8.8");
+
+    private static final int INVALID_IFINDEX = 0;
+    private static final int INVALID_PID = 0;
+    private static final long INVALID_COOKIE = 0;
+
+    @NonNull
+    private final INetd mNetd;
+    @NonNull
+    private final Dependencies mDeps;
+    @Nullable
+    private String mIface = null;
+    @Nullable
+    private String mNat64Prefix = null;
+    @Nullable
+    private String mXlatLocalAddress4 = null;
+    @Nullable
+    private String mXlatLocalAddress6 = null;
+    private int mPid = INVALID_PID;
+    private long mCookie = INVALID_COOKIE;
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    abstract static class Dependencies {
+        /**
+          * Get netd.
+          */
+        @NonNull
+        public abstract INetd getNetd();
+
+        /**
+         * @see ParcelFileDescriptor#adoptFd(int).
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public ParcelFileDescriptor adoptFd(int fd) {
+            return ParcelFileDescriptor.adoptFd(fd);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Get interface index for a given interface.
+         */
+        public int getInterfaceIndex(String ifName) {
+            final InterfaceParams params = InterfaceParams.getByName(ifName);
+            return params != null ? params.index : INVALID_IFINDEX;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Create tun interface for a given interface name.
+         */
+        public int createTunInterface(@NonNull String tuniface) throws IOException {
+            return native_createTunInterface(tuniface);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Pick an IPv4 address for clat.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public String selectIpv4Address(@NonNull String v4addr, int prefixlen)
+                throws IOException {
+            return native_selectIpv4Address(v4addr, prefixlen);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Generate a checksum-neutral IID.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public String generateIpv6Address(@NonNull String iface, @NonNull String v4,
+                @NonNull String prefix64) throws IOException {
+            return native_generateIpv6Address(iface, v4, prefix64);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Detect MTU.
+         */
+        public int detectMtu(@NonNull String platSubnet, int platSuffix, int mark)
+                throws IOException {
+            return native_detectMtu(platSubnet, platSuffix, mark);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Open packet socket.
+         */
+        public int openPacketSocket() throws IOException {
+            return native_openPacketSocket();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Open IPv6 raw socket and set SO_MARK.
+         */
+        public int openRawSocket6(int mark) throws IOException {
+            return native_openRawSocket6(mark);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Add anycast setsockopt.
+         */
+        public void addAnycastSetsockopt(@NonNull FileDescriptor sock, String v6, int ifindex)
+                throws IOException {
+            native_addAnycastSetsockopt(sock, v6, ifindex);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Configure packet socket.
+         */
+        public void configurePacketSocket(@NonNull FileDescriptor sock, String v6, int ifindex)
+                throws IOException {
+            native_configurePacketSocket(sock, v6, ifindex);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Start clatd.
+         */
+        public int startClatd(@NonNull FileDescriptor tunfd, @NonNull FileDescriptor readsock6,
+                @NonNull FileDescriptor writesock6, @NonNull String iface, @NonNull String pfx96,
+                @NonNull String v4, @NonNull String v6) throws IOException {
+            return native_startClatd(tunfd, readsock6, writesock6, iface, pfx96, v4, v6);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Stop clatd.
+         */
+        public void stopClatd(String iface, String pfx96, String v4, String v6, int pid)
+                throws IOException {
+            native_stopClatd(iface, pfx96, v4, v6, pid);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Tag socket as clat.
+         */
+        public long tagSocketAsClat(@NonNull FileDescriptor sock) throws IOException {
+            return native_tagSocketAsClat(sock);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Untag socket.
+         */
+        public void untagSocket(long cookie) throws IOException {
+            native_untagSocket(cookie);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static int getFwmark(int netId) {
+        // See union Fwmark in system/netd/include/Fwmark.h
+        return (netId & 0xffff)
+                | 0x1 << 16  // protectedFromVpn: true
+                | 0x1 << 17  // explicitlySelected: true
+                | (PERMISSION_SYSTEM & 0x3) << 18;
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static int adjustMtu(int mtu) {
+        // clamp to minimum ipv6 mtu - this probably cannot ever trigger
+        if (mtu < IPV6_MIN_MTU) mtu = IPV6_MIN_MTU;
+        // clamp to buffer size
+        if (mtu > CLAT_MAX_MTU) mtu = CLAT_MAX_MTU;
+        // decrease by ipv6(40) + ipv6 fragmentation header(8) vs ipv4(20) overhead of 28 bytes
+        mtu -= MTU_DELTA;
+
+        return mtu;
+    }
+
+    public ClatCoordinator(@NonNull Dependencies deps) {
+        mDeps = deps;
+        mNetd = mDeps.getNetd();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start clatd for a given interface and NAT64 prefix.
+     */
+    public String clatStart(final String iface, final int netId,
+            @NonNull final IpPrefix nat64Prefix)
+            throws IOException {
+        if (mIface != null || mPid != INVALID_PID) {
+            throw new IOException("Clatd is already running on " + mIface + " (pid " + mPid + ")");
+        }
+        if (nat64Prefix.getPrefixLength() != 96) {
+            throw new IOException("Prefix must be 96 bits long: " + nat64Prefix);
+        }
+
+        // [1] Pick an IPv4 address from 192.0.0.4, 192.0.0.5, 192.0.0.6 ..
+        final String v4;
+        try {
+            v4 = mDeps.selectIpv4Address(INIT_V4ADDR_STRING, INIT_V4ADDR_PREFIX_LEN);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new IOException("no IPv4 addresses were available for clat: " + e);
+        }
+
+        // [2] Generate a checksum-neutral IID.
+        final String pfx96 = nat64Prefix.getAddress().getHostAddress();
+        final String v6;
+        try {
+            v6 = mDeps.generateIpv6Address(iface, v4, pfx96);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new IOException("no IPv6 addresses were available for clat: " + e);
+        }
+
+        // [3] Open, configure and bring up the tun interface.
+        // Create the v4-... tun interface.
+        final String tunIface = CLAT_PREFIX + iface;
+        final ParcelFileDescriptor tunFd;
+        try {
+            tunFd = mDeps.adoptFd(mDeps.createTunInterface(tunIface));
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new IOException("Create tun interface " + tunIface + " failed: " + e);
+        }
+
+        // disable IPv6 on it - failing to do so is not a critical error
+        try {
+            mNetd.interfaceSetEnableIPv6(tunIface, false /* enabled */);
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            tunFd.close();
+            Log.e(TAG, "Disable IPv6 on " + tunIface + " failed: " + e);
+        }
+
+        // Detect ipv4 mtu.
+        final Integer fwmark = getFwmark(netId);
+        final int detectedMtu = mDeps.detectMtu(pfx96,
+                ByteBuffer.wrap(GOOGLE_DNS_4.getAddress()).getInt(), fwmark);
+        final int mtu = adjustMtu(detectedMtu);
+        Log.i(TAG, "ipv4 mtu is " + mtu);
+
+        // TODO: add setIptablesDropRule
+
+        // Config tun interface mtu, address and bring up.
+        try {
+            mNetd.interfaceSetMtu(tunIface, mtu);
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            tunFd.close();
+            throw new IOException("Set MTU " + mtu + " on " + tunIface + " failed: " + e);
+        }
+        final InterfaceConfigurationParcel ifConfig = new InterfaceConfigurationParcel();
+        ifConfig.ifName = tunIface;
+        ifConfig.ipv4Addr = v4;
+        ifConfig.prefixLength = 32;
+        ifConfig.hwAddr = "";
+        ifConfig.flags = new String[] {IF_STATE_UP};
+        try {
+            mNetd.interfaceSetCfg(ifConfig);
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            tunFd.close();
+            throw new IOException("Setting IPv4 address to " + ifConfig.ipv4Addr + "/"
+                    + ifConfig.prefixLength + " failed on " + ifConfig.ifName + ": " + e);
+        }
+
+        // [4] Open and configure local 464xlat read/write sockets.
+        // Opens a packet socket to receive IPv6 packets in clatd.
+        final ParcelFileDescriptor readSock6;
+        try {
+            // Use a JNI call to get native file descriptor instead of Os.socket() because we would
+            // like to use ParcelFileDescriptor to manage file descriptor. But ctor
+            // ParcelFileDescriptor(FileDescriptor fd) is a @hide function. Need to use native file
+            // descriptor to initialize ParcelFileDescriptor object instead.
+            readSock6 = mDeps.adoptFd(mDeps.openPacketSocket());
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            tunFd.close();
+            throw new IOException("Open packet socket failed: " + e);
+        }
+
+        // Opens a raw socket with a given fwmark to send IPv6 packets in clatd.
+        final ParcelFileDescriptor writeSock6;
+        try {
+            // Use a JNI call to get native file descriptor instead of Os.socket(). See above
+            // reason why we use jniOpenPacketSocket6().
+            writeSock6 = mDeps.adoptFd(mDeps.openRawSocket6(fwmark));
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            tunFd.close();
+            readSock6.close();
+            throw new IOException("Open raw socket failed: " + e);
+        }
+
+        final int ifaceIndex = mDeps.getInterfaceIndex(iface);
+        if (ifaceIndex == INVALID_IFINDEX) {
+            tunFd.close();
+            readSock6.close();
+            writeSock6.close();
+            throw new IOException("Fail to get interface index for interface " + iface);
+        }
+
+        // Start translating packets to the new prefix.
+        try {
+            mDeps.addAnycastSetsockopt(writeSock6.getFileDescriptor(), v6, ifaceIndex);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            tunFd.close();
+            readSock6.close();
+            writeSock6.close();
+            throw new IOException("add anycast sockopt failed: " + e);
+        }
+
+        // Tag socket as AID_CLAT to avoid duplicated CLAT data usage accounting.
+        long cookie;
+        try {
+            cookie = mDeps.tagSocketAsClat(writeSock6.getFileDescriptor());
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            tunFd.close();
+            readSock6.close();
+            writeSock6.close();
+            throw new IOException("tag raw socket failed: " + e);
+        }
+
+        // Update our packet socket filter to reflect the new 464xlat IP address.
+        try {
+            mDeps.configurePacketSocket(readSock6.getFileDescriptor(), v6, ifaceIndex);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            tunFd.close();
+            readSock6.close();
+            writeSock6.close();
+            throw new IOException("configure packet socket failed: " + e);
+        }
+
+        // [5] Start clatd.
+        try {
+            mPid = mDeps.startClatd(tunFd.getFileDescriptor(), readSock6.getFileDescriptor(),
+                    writeSock6.getFileDescriptor(), iface, pfx96, v4, v6);
+            mIface = iface;
+            mNat64Prefix = pfx96;
+            mXlatLocalAddress4 = v4;
+            mXlatLocalAddress6 = v6;
+            mCookie = cookie;
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            mDeps.untagSocket(cookie);
+            throw new IOException("Error start clatd on " + iface + ": " + e);
+        } finally {
+            tunFd.close();
+            readSock6.close();
+            writeSock6.close();
+        }
+
+        return v6;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stop clatd
+     */
+    public void clatStop() throws IOException {
+        if (mPid == INVALID_PID) {
+            throw new IOException("Clatd has not started");
+        }
+        Log.i(TAG, "Stopping clatd pid=" + mPid + " on " + mIface);
+
+        mDeps.stopClatd(mIface, mNat64Prefix, mXlatLocalAddress4, mXlatLocalAddress6, mPid);
+        mDeps.untagSocket(mCookie);
+
+        Log.i(TAG, "clatd on " + mIface + " stopped");
+
+        mIface = null;
+        mNat64Prefix = null;
+        mXlatLocalAddress4 = null;
+        mXlatLocalAddress6 = null;
+        mPid = INVALID_PID;
+        mCookie = INVALID_COOKIE;
+    }
+
+    private static native String native_selectIpv4Address(String v4addr, int prefixlen)
+            throws IOException;
+    private static native String native_generateIpv6Address(String iface, String v4,
+            String prefix64) throws IOException;
+    private static native int native_createTunInterface(String tuniface) throws IOException;
+    private static native int native_detectMtu(String platSubnet, int platSuffix, int mark)
+            throws IOException;
+    private static native int native_openPacketSocket() throws IOException;
+    private static native int native_openRawSocket6(int mark) throws IOException;
+    private static native void native_addAnycastSetsockopt(FileDescriptor sock, String v6,
+            int ifindex) throws IOException;
+    private static native void native_configurePacketSocket(FileDescriptor sock, String v6,
+            int ifindex) throws IOException;
+    private static native int native_startClatd(FileDescriptor tunfd, FileDescriptor readsock6,
+            FileDescriptor writesock6, String iface, String pfx96, String v4, String v6)
+            throws IOException;
+    private static native void native_stopClatd(String iface, String pfx96, String v4, String v6,
+            int pid) throws IOException;
+    private static native long native_tagSocketAsClat(FileDescriptor sock) throws IOException;
+    private static native void native_untagSocket(long cookie) throws IOException;
+}
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ConnectivityFlags.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ConnectivityFlags.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..122ea1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ConnectivityFlags.java
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.server.ConnectivityService;
+
+/**
+ * Collection of constants for the connectivity module.
+ */
+public final class ConnectivityFlags {
+    /**
+     * Minimum module version at which to avoid rematching all requests when a network request is
+     * registered, and rematch only the registered requests instead.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static final String NO_REMATCH_ALL_REQUESTS_ON_REGISTER =
+            "no_rematch_all_requests_on_register";
+
+    private boolean mNoRematchAllRequestsOnRegister;
+
+    /**
+     * Whether ConnectivityService should avoid avoid rematching all requests when a network
+     * request is registered, and rematch only the registered requests instead.
+     *
+     * This flag is disabled by default.
+     *
+     * IMPORTANT NOTE: This flag is false by default and will only be loaded in ConnectivityService
+     * systemReady. It is also not volatile for performance reasons, so for most threads it may
+     * only change to true after some time. This is fine for this particular flag because it only
+     * controls whether all requests or a subset of requests should be rematched, which is only
+     * a performance optimization, so its value does not need to be consistent over time; but most
+     * flags will not have these properties and should not use the same model.
+     *
+     * TODO: when adding other flags, consider the appropriate timing to load them, and necessary
+     * threading guarantees according to the semantics of the flags.
+     */
+    public boolean noRematchAllRequestsOnRegister() {
+        return mNoRematchAllRequestsOnRegister;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Load flag values. Should only be called once, and can only be called once PackageManager is
+     * ready.
+     */
+    public void loadFlags(ConnectivityService.Dependencies deps, Context ctx) {
+        mNoRematchAllRequestsOnRegister = deps.isFeatureEnabled(
+                ctx, NO_REMATCH_ALL_REQUESTS_ON_REGISTER, false /* defaultEnabled */);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/DnsManager.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/DnsManager.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1493cae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/DnsManager.java
@@ -0,0 +1,492 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.DNS_RESOLVER_MAX_SAMPLES;
+import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.DNS_RESOLVER_MIN_SAMPLES;
+import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.DNS_RESOLVER_SAMPLE_VALIDITY_SECONDS;
+import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.DNS_RESOLVER_SUCCESS_THRESHOLD_PERCENT;
+import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.PRIVATE_DNS_DEFAULT_MODE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OFF;
+import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_PROVIDER_HOSTNAME;
+import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.PRIVATE_DNS_SPECIFIER;
+import static android.net.resolv.aidl.IDnsResolverUnsolicitedEventListener.VALIDATION_RESULT_FAILURE;
+import static android.net.resolv.aidl.IDnsResolverUnsolicitedEventListener.VALIDATION_RESULT_SUCCESS;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.content.ContentResolver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager;
+import android.net.IDnsResolver;
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.ResolverParamsParcel;
+import android.net.Uri;
+import android.net.shared.PrivateDnsConfig;
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
+import android.provider.Settings;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.Pair;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+/**
+ * Encapsulate the management of DNS settings for networks.
+ *
+ * This class it NOT designed for concurrent access. Furthermore, all non-static
+ * methods MUST be called from ConnectivityService's thread. However, an exceptional
+ * case is getPrivateDnsConfig(Network) which is exclusively for
+ * ConnectivityService#dumpNetworkDiagnostics() on a random binder thread.
+ *
+ * [ Private DNS ]
+ * The code handling Private DNS is spread across several components, but this
+ * seems like the least bad place to collect all the observations.
+ *
+ * Private DNS handling and updating occurs in response to several different
+ * events. Each is described here with its corresponding intended handling.
+ *
+ * [A] Event: A new network comes up.
+ * Mechanics:
+ *     [1] ConnectivityService gets notifications from NetworkAgents.
+ *     [2] in updateNetworkInfo(), the first time the NetworkAgent goes into
+ *         into CONNECTED state, the Private DNS configuration is retrieved,
+ *         programmed, and strict mode hostname resolution (if applicable) is
+ *         enqueued in NetworkAgent's NetworkMonitor, via a call to
+ *         handlePerNetworkPrivateDnsConfig().
+ *     [3] Re-resolution of strict mode hostnames that fail to return any
+ *         IP addresses happens inside NetworkMonitor; it sends itself a
+ *         delayed CMD_EVALUATE_PRIVATE_DNS message in a simple backoff
+ *         schedule.
+ *     [4] Successfully resolved hostnames are sent to ConnectivityService
+ *         inside an EVENT_PRIVATE_DNS_CONFIG_RESOLVED message. The resolved
+ *         IP addresses are programmed into netd via:
+ *
+ *             updatePrivateDns() -> updateDnses()
+ *
+ *         both of which make calls into DnsManager.
+ *     [5] Upon a successful hostname resolution NetworkMonitor initiates a
+ *         validation attempt in the form of a lookup for a one-time hostname
+ *         that uses Private DNS.
+ *
+ * [B] Event: Private DNS settings are changed.
+ * Mechanics:
+ *     [1] ConnectivityService gets notifications from its SettingsObserver.
+ *     [2] handlePrivateDnsSettingsChanged() is called, which calls
+ *         handlePerNetworkPrivateDnsConfig() and the process proceeds
+ *         as if from A.3 above.
+ *
+ * [C] Event: An application calls ConnectivityManager#reportBadNetwork().
+ * Mechanics:
+ *     [1] NetworkMonitor is notified and initiates a reevaluation, which
+ *         always bypasses Private DNS.
+ *     [2] Once completed, NetworkMonitor checks if strict mode is in operation
+ *         and if so enqueues another evaluation of Private DNS, as if from
+ *         step A.5 above.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class DnsManager {
+    private static final String TAG = DnsManager.class.getSimpleName();
+    private static final PrivateDnsConfig PRIVATE_DNS_OFF = new PrivateDnsConfig();
+
+    /* Defaults for resolver parameters. */
+    private static final int DNS_RESOLVER_DEFAULT_SAMPLE_VALIDITY_SECONDS = 1800;
+    private static final int DNS_RESOLVER_DEFAULT_SUCCESS_THRESHOLD_PERCENT = 25;
+    private static final int DNS_RESOLVER_DEFAULT_MIN_SAMPLES = 8;
+    private static final int DNS_RESOLVER_DEFAULT_MAX_SAMPLES = 64;
+
+    /**
+     * Get PrivateDnsConfig.
+     */
+    public static PrivateDnsConfig getPrivateDnsConfig(Context context) {
+        final int mode = ConnectivitySettingsManager.getPrivateDnsMode(context);
+
+        final boolean useTls = mode != PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OFF;
+
+        if (PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_PROVIDER_HOSTNAME == mode) {
+            final String specifier = getStringSetting(context.getContentResolver(),
+                    PRIVATE_DNS_SPECIFIER);
+            return new PrivateDnsConfig(specifier, null);
+        }
+
+        return new PrivateDnsConfig(useTls);
+    }
+
+    public static Uri[] getPrivateDnsSettingsUris() {
+        return new Uri[]{
+            Settings.Global.getUriFor(PRIVATE_DNS_DEFAULT_MODE),
+            Settings.Global.getUriFor(PRIVATE_DNS_MODE),
+            Settings.Global.getUriFor(PRIVATE_DNS_SPECIFIER),
+        };
+    }
+
+    public static class PrivateDnsValidationUpdate {
+        public final int netId;
+        public final InetAddress ipAddress;
+        public final String hostname;
+        // Refer to IDnsResolverUnsolicitedEventListener.VALIDATION_RESULT_*.
+        public final int validationResult;
+
+        public PrivateDnsValidationUpdate(int netId, InetAddress ipAddress,
+                String hostname, int validationResult) {
+            this.netId = netId;
+            this.ipAddress = ipAddress;
+            this.hostname = hostname;
+            this.validationResult = validationResult;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class PrivateDnsValidationStatuses {
+        enum ValidationStatus {
+            IN_PROGRESS,
+            FAILED,
+            SUCCEEDED
+        }
+
+        // Validation statuses of <hostname, ipAddress> pairs for a single netId
+        // Caution : not thread-safe. As mentioned in the top file comment, all
+        // methods of this class must only be called on ConnectivityService's thread.
+        private Map<Pair<String, InetAddress>, ValidationStatus> mValidationMap;
+
+        private PrivateDnsValidationStatuses() {
+            mValidationMap = new HashMap<>();
+        }
+
+        private boolean hasValidatedServer() {
+            for (ValidationStatus status : mValidationMap.values()) {
+                if (status == ValidationStatus.SUCCEEDED) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        private void updateTrackedDnses(String[] ipAddresses, String hostname) {
+            Set<Pair<String, InetAddress>> latestDnses = new HashSet<>();
+            for (String ipAddress : ipAddresses) {
+                try {
+                    latestDnses.add(new Pair(hostname,
+                            InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(ipAddress)));
+                } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {}
+            }
+            // Remove <hostname, ipAddress> pairs that should not be tracked.
+            for (Iterator<Map.Entry<Pair<String, InetAddress>, ValidationStatus>> it =
+                    mValidationMap.entrySet().iterator(); it.hasNext(); ) {
+                Map.Entry<Pair<String, InetAddress>, ValidationStatus> entry = it.next();
+                if (!latestDnses.contains(entry.getKey())) {
+                    it.remove();
+                }
+            }
+            // Add new <hostname, ipAddress> pairs that should be tracked.
+            for (Pair<String, InetAddress> p : latestDnses) {
+                if (!mValidationMap.containsKey(p)) {
+                    mValidationMap.put(p, ValidationStatus.IN_PROGRESS);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void updateStatus(PrivateDnsValidationUpdate update) {
+            Pair<String, InetAddress> p = new Pair(update.hostname,
+                    update.ipAddress);
+            if (!mValidationMap.containsKey(p)) {
+                return;
+            }
+            if (update.validationResult == VALIDATION_RESULT_SUCCESS) {
+                mValidationMap.put(p, ValidationStatus.SUCCEEDED);
+            } else if (update.validationResult == VALIDATION_RESULT_FAILURE) {
+                mValidationMap.put(p, ValidationStatus.FAILED);
+            } else {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Unknown private dns validation operation="
+                        + update.validationResult);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private LinkProperties fillInValidatedPrivateDns(LinkProperties lp) {
+            lp.setValidatedPrivateDnsServers(Collections.EMPTY_LIST);
+            mValidationMap.forEach((key, value) -> {
+                    if (value == ValidationStatus.SUCCEEDED) {
+                        lp.addValidatedPrivateDnsServer(key.second);
+                    }
+                });
+            return lp;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private final Context mContext;
+    private final ContentResolver mContentResolver;
+    private final IDnsResolver mDnsResolver;
+    private final ConcurrentHashMap<Integer, PrivateDnsConfig> mPrivateDnsMap;
+    // TODO: Replace the Map with SparseArrays.
+    private final Map<Integer, PrivateDnsValidationStatuses> mPrivateDnsValidationMap;
+    private final Map<Integer, LinkProperties> mLinkPropertiesMap;
+    private final Map<Integer, int[]> mTransportsMap;
+
+    private int mSampleValidity;
+    private int mSuccessThreshold;
+    private int mMinSamples;
+    private int mMaxSamples;
+
+    public DnsManager(Context ctx, IDnsResolver dnsResolver) {
+        mContext = ctx;
+        mContentResolver = mContext.getContentResolver();
+        mDnsResolver = dnsResolver;
+        mPrivateDnsMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+        mPrivateDnsValidationMap = new HashMap<>();
+        mLinkPropertiesMap = new HashMap<>();
+        mTransportsMap = new HashMap<>();
+
+        // TODO: Create and register ContentObservers to track every setting
+        // used herein, posting messages to respond to changes.
+    }
+
+    public PrivateDnsConfig getPrivateDnsConfig() {
+        return getPrivateDnsConfig(mContext);
+    }
+
+    public void removeNetwork(Network network) {
+        mPrivateDnsMap.remove(network.getNetId());
+        mPrivateDnsValidationMap.remove(network.getNetId());
+        mTransportsMap.remove(network.getNetId());
+        mLinkPropertiesMap.remove(network.getNetId());
+    }
+
+    // This is exclusively called by ConnectivityService#dumpNetworkDiagnostics() which
+    // is not on the ConnectivityService handler thread.
+    public PrivateDnsConfig getPrivateDnsConfig(@NonNull Network network) {
+        return mPrivateDnsMap.getOrDefault(network.getNetId(), PRIVATE_DNS_OFF);
+    }
+
+    public PrivateDnsConfig updatePrivateDns(Network network, PrivateDnsConfig cfg) {
+        Log.w(TAG, "updatePrivateDns(" + network + ", " + cfg + ")");
+        return (cfg != null)
+                ? mPrivateDnsMap.put(network.getNetId(), cfg)
+                : mPrivateDnsMap.remove(network.getNetId());
+    }
+
+    public void updatePrivateDnsStatus(int netId, LinkProperties lp) {
+        // Use the PrivateDnsConfig data pushed to this class instance
+        // from ConnectivityService.
+        final PrivateDnsConfig privateDnsCfg = mPrivateDnsMap.getOrDefault(netId,
+                PRIVATE_DNS_OFF);
+
+        final boolean useTls = privateDnsCfg.useTls;
+        final PrivateDnsValidationStatuses statuses =
+                useTls ? mPrivateDnsValidationMap.get(netId) : null;
+        final boolean validated = (null != statuses) && statuses.hasValidatedServer();
+        final boolean strictMode = privateDnsCfg.inStrictMode();
+        final String tlsHostname = strictMode ? privateDnsCfg.hostname : null;
+        final boolean usingPrivateDns = strictMode || validated;
+
+        lp.setUsePrivateDns(usingPrivateDns);
+        lp.setPrivateDnsServerName(tlsHostname);
+        if (usingPrivateDns && null != statuses) {
+            statuses.fillInValidatedPrivateDns(lp);
+        } else {
+            lp.setValidatedPrivateDnsServers(Collections.EMPTY_LIST);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void updatePrivateDnsValidation(PrivateDnsValidationUpdate update) {
+        final PrivateDnsValidationStatuses statuses = mPrivateDnsValidationMap.get(update.netId);
+        if (statuses == null) return;
+        statuses.updateStatus(update);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * When creating a new network or transport types are changed in a specific network,
+     * transport types are always saved to a hashMap before update dns config.
+     * When destroying network, the specific network will be removed from the hashMap.
+     * The hashMap is always accessed on the same thread.
+     */
+    public void updateTransportsForNetwork(int netId, @NonNull int[] transportTypes) {
+        mTransportsMap.put(netId, transportTypes);
+        sendDnsConfigurationForNetwork(netId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * When {@link LinkProperties} are changed in a specific network, they are
+     * always saved to a hashMap before update dns config.
+     * When destroying network, the specific network will be removed from the hashMap.
+     * The hashMap is always accessed on the same thread.
+     */
+    public void noteDnsServersForNetwork(int netId, @NonNull LinkProperties lp) {
+        mLinkPropertiesMap.put(netId, lp);
+        sendDnsConfigurationForNetwork(netId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Send dns configuration parameters to resolver for a given network.
+     */
+    public void sendDnsConfigurationForNetwork(int netId) {
+        final LinkProperties lp = mLinkPropertiesMap.get(netId);
+        final int[] transportTypes = mTransportsMap.get(netId);
+        if (lp == null || transportTypes == null) return;
+        updateParametersSettings();
+        final ResolverParamsParcel paramsParcel = new ResolverParamsParcel();
+
+        // We only use the PrivateDnsConfig data pushed to this class instance
+        // from ConnectivityService because it works in coordination with
+        // NetworkMonitor to decide which networks need validation and runs the
+        // blocking calls to resolve Private DNS strict mode hostnames.
+        //
+        // At this time we do not attempt to enable Private DNS on non-Internet
+        // networks like IMS.
+        final PrivateDnsConfig privateDnsCfg = mPrivateDnsMap.getOrDefault(netId,
+                PRIVATE_DNS_OFF);
+        final boolean useTls = privateDnsCfg.useTls;
+        final boolean strictMode = privateDnsCfg.inStrictMode();
+
+        paramsParcel.netId = netId;
+        paramsParcel.sampleValiditySeconds = mSampleValidity;
+        paramsParcel.successThreshold = mSuccessThreshold;
+        paramsParcel.minSamples = mMinSamples;
+        paramsParcel.maxSamples = mMaxSamples;
+        paramsParcel.servers = makeStrings(lp.getDnsServers());
+        paramsParcel.domains = getDomainStrings(lp.getDomains());
+        paramsParcel.tlsName = strictMode ? privateDnsCfg.hostname : "";
+        paramsParcel.tlsServers =
+                strictMode ? makeStrings(
+                        Arrays.stream(privateDnsCfg.ips)
+                              .filter((ip) -> lp.isReachable(ip))
+                              .collect(Collectors.toList()))
+                : useTls ? paramsParcel.servers  // Opportunistic
+                : new String[0];            // Off
+        paramsParcel.transportTypes = transportTypes;
+        // Prepare to track the validation status of the DNS servers in the
+        // resolver config when private DNS is in opportunistic or strict mode.
+        if (useTls) {
+            if (!mPrivateDnsValidationMap.containsKey(netId)) {
+                mPrivateDnsValidationMap.put(netId, new PrivateDnsValidationStatuses());
+            }
+            mPrivateDnsValidationMap.get(netId).updateTrackedDnses(paramsParcel.tlsServers,
+                    paramsParcel.tlsName);
+        } else {
+            mPrivateDnsValidationMap.remove(netId);
+        }
+
+        Log.d(TAG, String.format("sendDnsConfigurationForNetwork(%d, %s, %s, %d, %d, %d, %d, "
+                + "%d, %d, %s, %s)", paramsParcel.netId, Arrays.toString(paramsParcel.servers),
+                Arrays.toString(paramsParcel.domains), paramsParcel.sampleValiditySeconds,
+                paramsParcel.successThreshold, paramsParcel.minSamples,
+                paramsParcel.maxSamples, paramsParcel.baseTimeoutMsec,
+                paramsParcel.retryCount, paramsParcel.tlsName,
+                Arrays.toString(paramsParcel.tlsServers)));
+
+        try {
+            mDnsResolver.setResolverConfiguration(paramsParcel);
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Error setting DNS configuration: " + e);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Flush DNS caches and events work before boot has completed.
+     */
+    public void flushVmDnsCache() {
+        /*
+         * Tell the VMs to toss their DNS caches
+         */
+        final Intent intent = new Intent(ConnectivityManager.ACTION_CLEAR_DNS_CACHE);
+        intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_REPLACE_PENDING);
+        /*
+         * Connectivity events can happen before boot has completed ...
+         */
+        intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_REGISTERED_ONLY_BEFORE_BOOT);
+        final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+        try {
+            mContext.sendBroadcastAsUser(intent, UserHandle.ALL);
+        } finally {
+            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(ident);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void updateParametersSettings() {
+        mSampleValidity = getIntSetting(
+                DNS_RESOLVER_SAMPLE_VALIDITY_SECONDS,
+                DNS_RESOLVER_DEFAULT_SAMPLE_VALIDITY_SECONDS);
+        if (mSampleValidity < 0 || mSampleValidity > 65535) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "Invalid sampleValidity=" + mSampleValidity + ", using default="
+                    + DNS_RESOLVER_DEFAULT_SAMPLE_VALIDITY_SECONDS);
+            mSampleValidity = DNS_RESOLVER_DEFAULT_SAMPLE_VALIDITY_SECONDS;
+        }
+
+        mSuccessThreshold = getIntSetting(
+                DNS_RESOLVER_SUCCESS_THRESHOLD_PERCENT,
+                DNS_RESOLVER_DEFAULT_SUCCESS_THRESHOLD_PERCENT);
+        if (mSuccessThreshold < 0 || mSuccessThreshold > 100) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "Invalid successThreshold=" + mSuccessThreshold + ", using default="
+                    + DNS_RESOLVER_DEFAULT_SUCCESS_THRESHOLD_PERCENT);
+            mSuccessThreshold = DNS_RESOLVER_DEFAULT_SUCCESS_THRESHOLD_PERCENT;
+        }
+
+        mMinSamples = getIntSetting(DNS_RESOLVER_MIN_SAMPLES, DNS_RESOLVER_DEFAULT_MIN_SAMPLES);
+        mMaxSamples = getIntSetting(DNS_RESOLVER_MAX_SAMPLES, DNS_RESOLVER_DEFAULT_MAX_SAMPLES);
+        if (mMinSamples < 0 || mMinSamples > mMaxSamples || mMaxSamples > 64) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "Invalid sample count (min, max)=(" + mMinSamples + ", " + mMaxSamples
+                    + "), using default=(" + DNS_RESOLVER_DEFAULT_MIN_SAMPLES + ", "
+                    + DNS_RESOLVER_DEFAULT_MAX_SAMPLES + ")");
+            mMinSamples = DNS_RESOLVER_DEFAULT_MIN_SAMPLES;
+            mMaxSamples = DNS_RESOLVER_DEFAULT_MAX_SAMPLES;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int getIntSetting(String which, int dflt) {
+        return Settings.Global.getInt(mContentResolver, which, dflt);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a string array of host addresses from a collection of InetAddresses
+     *
+     * @param addrs a Collection of InetAddresses
+     * @return an array of Strings containing their host addresses
+     */
+    private String[] makeStrings(Collection<InetAddress> addrs) {
+        String[] result = new String[addrs.size()];
+        int i = 0;
+        for (InetAddress addr : addrs) {
+            result[i++] = addr.getHostAddress();
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    private static String getStringSetting(ContentResolver cr, String which) {
+        return Settings.Global.getString(cr, which);
+    }
+
+    private static String[] getDomainStrings(String domains) {
+        return (TextUtils.isEmpty(domains)) ? new String[0] : domains.split(" ");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/DscpPolicyTracker.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/DscpPolicyTracker.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43cfc8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/DscpPolicyTracker.java
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import static android.net.DscpPolicy.STATUS_DELETED;
+import static android.net.DscpPolicy.STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_PROCESSING_RESOURCES;
+import static android.net.DscpPolicy.STATUS_POLICY_NOT_FOUND;
+import static android.net.DscpPolicy.STATUS_SUCCESS;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.ETH_P_ALL;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.net.DscpPolicy;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.SparseIntArray;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.BpfMap;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.TcUtils;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.NetworkInterface;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * DscpPolicyTracker has a single entry point from ConnectivityService handler.
+ * This guarantees that all code runs on the same thread and no locking is needed.
+ */
+public class DscpPolicyTracker {
+    // After tethering and clat priorities.
+    static final short PRIO_DSCP = 5;
+
+    private static final String TAG = DscpPolicyTracker.class.getSimpleName();
+    private static final String PROG_PATH =
+            "/sys/fs/bpf/prog_dscp_policy_schedcls_set_dscp";
+    // Name is "map + *.o + map_name + map". Can probably shorten this
+    private static final String IPV4_POLICY_MAP_PATH = makeMapPath(
+            "dscp_policy_ipv4_dscp_policies");
+    private static final String IPV6_POLICY_MAP_PATH = makeMapPath(
+            "dscp_policy_ipv6_dscp_policies");
+    private static final int MAX_POLICIES = 16;
+
+    private static String makeMapPath(String which) {
+        return "/sys/fs/bpf/map_" + which + "_map";
+    }
+
+    private Set<String> mAttachedIfaces;
+
+    private final BpfMap<Struct.U32, DscpPolicyValue> mBpfDscpIpv4Policies;
+    private final BpfMap<Struct.U32, DscpPolicyValue> mBpfDscpIpv6Policies;
+    private final SparseIntArray mPolicyIdToBpfMapIndex;
+
+    public DscpPolicyTracker() throws ErrnoException {
+        mAttachedIfaces = new HashSet<String>();
+
+        mPolicyIdToBpfMapIndex = new SparseIntArray(MAX_POLICIES);
+        mBpfDscpIpv4Policies = new BpfMap<Struct.U32, DscpPolicyValue>(IPV4_POLICY_MAP_PATH,
+                BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR, Struct.U32.class, DscpPolicyValue.class);
+        mBpfDscpIpv6Policies = new BpfMap<Struct.U32, DscpPolicyValue>(IPV6_POLICY_MAP_PATH,
+                BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR, Struct.U32.class, DscpPolicyValue.class);
+    }
+
+    private int getFirstFreeIndex() {
+        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_POLICIES; i++) {
+            if (mPolicyIdToBpfMapIndex.indexOfValue(i) < 0) return i;
+        }
+        return MAX_POLICIES;
+    }
+
+    private void sendStatus(NetworkAgentInfo nai, int policyId, int status) {
+        try {
+            nai.networkAgent.onDscpPolicyStatusUpdated(policyId, status);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "Failed update policy status: ", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean matchesIpv4(DscpPolicy policy) {
+        return ((policy.getDestinationAddress() == null
+                       || policy.getDestinationAddress() instanceof Inet4Address)
+            && (policy.getSourceAddress() == null
+                        || policy.getSourceAddress() instanceof Inet4Address));
+    }
+
+    private boolean matchesIpv6(DscpPolicy policy) {
+        return ((policy.getDestinationAddress() == null
+                       || policy.getDestinationAddress() instanceof Inet6Address)
+            && (policy.getSourceAddress() == null
+                        || policy.getSourceAddress() instanceof Inet6Address));
+    }
+
+    private int addDscpPolicyInternal(DscpPolicy policy) {
+        // If there is no existing policy with a matching ID, and we are already at
+        // the maximum number of policies then return INSUFFICIENT_PROCESSING_RESOURCES.
+        final int existingIndex = mPolicyIdToBpfMapIndex.get(policy.getPolicyId(), -1);
+        if (existingIndex == -1 && mPolicyIdToBpfMapIndex.size() >= MAX_POLICIES) {
+            return STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_PROCESSING_RESOURCES;
+        }
+
+        // Currently all classifiers are supported, if any are removed return
+        // STATUS_REQUESTED_CLASSIFIER_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+        // and for any other generic error STATUS_REQUEST_DECLINED
+
+        int addIndex = 0;
+        // If a policy with a matching ID exists, replace it, otherwise use the next free
+        // index for the policy.
+        if (existingIndex != -1) {
+            addIndex = mPolicyIdToBpfMapIndex.get(policy.getPolicyId());
+        } else {
+            addIndex = getFirstFreeIndex();
+        }
+
+        try {
+            mPolicyIdToBpfMapIndex.put(policy.getPolicyId(), addIndex);
+
+            // Add v4 policy to mBpfDscpIpv4Policies if source and destination address
+            // are both null or if they are both instances of Inet6Address.
+            if (matchesIpv4(policy)) {
+                mBpfDscpIpv4Policies.insertOrReplaceEntry(
+                        new Struct.U32(addIndex),
+                        new DscpPolicyValue(policy.getSourceAddress(),
+                            policy.getDestinationAddress(),
+                            policy.getSourcePort(), policy.getDestinationPortRange(),
+                            (short) policy.getProtocol(), (short) policy.getDscpValue()));
+            }
+
+            // Add v6 policy to mBpfDscpIpv6Policies if source and destination address
+            // are both null or if they are both instances of Inet6Address.
+            if (matchesIpv6(policy)) {
+                mBpfDscpIpv6Policies.insertOrReplaceEntry(
+                        new Struct.U32(addIndex),
+                        new DscpPolicyValue(policy.getSourceAddress(),
+                                policy.getDestinationAddress(),
+                                policy.getSourcePort(), policy.getDestinationPortRange(),
+                                (short) policy.getProtocol(), (short) policy.getDscpValue()));
+            }
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to insert policy into map: ", e);
+            return STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_PROCESSING_RESOURCES;
+        }
+
+        return STATUS_SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add the provided DSCP policy to the bpf map. Attach bpf program dscp_policy to iface
+     * if not already attached. Response will be sent back to nai with status.
+     *
+     * STATUS_SUCCESS - if policy was added successfully
+     * STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_PROCESSING_RESOURCES - if max policies were already set
+     */
+    public void addDscpPolicy(NetworkAgentInfo nai, DscpPolicy policy) {
+        if (!mAttachedIfaces.contains(nai.linkProperties.getInterfaceName())) {
+            if (!attachProgram(nai.linkProperties.getInterfaceName())) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Unable to attach program");
+                sendStatus(nai, policy.getPolicyId(), STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_PROCESSING_RESOURCES);
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        int status = addDscpPolicyInternal(policy);
+        sendStatus(nai, policy.getPolicyId(), status);
+    }
+
+    private void removePolicyFromMap(NetworkAgentInfo nai, int policyId, int index) {
+        int status = STATUS_POLICY_NOT_FOUND;
+        try {
+            mBpfDscpIpv4Policies.replaceEntry(new Struct.U32(index), DscpPolicyValue.NONE);
+            mBpfDscpIpv6Policies.replaceEntry(new Struct.U32(index), DscpPolicyValue.NONE);
+            status = STATUS_DELETED;
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to delete policy from map: ", e);
+        }
+
+        sendStatus(nai, policyId, status);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove specified DSCP policy and detach program if no other policies are active.
+     */
+    public void removeDscpPolicy(NetworkAgentInfo nai, int policyId) {
+        if (!mAttachedIfaces.contains(nai.linkProperties.getInterfaceName())) {
+            // Nothing to remove since program is not attached. Send update back for policy id.
+            sendStatus(nai, policyId, STATUS_POLICY_NOT_FOUND);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (mPolicyIdToBpfMapIndex.get(policyId, -1) != -1) {
+            removePolicyFromMap(nai, policyId, mPolicyIdToBpfMapIndex.get(policyId));
+            mPolicyIdToBpfMapIndex.delete(policyId);
+        }
+
+        // TODO: detach should only occur if no more policies are present on the nai's iface.
+        if (mPolicyIdToBpfMapIndex.size() == 0) {
+            detachProgram(nai.linkProperties.getInterfaceName());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove all DSCP policies and detach program.
+     */
+    // TODO: Remove all should only remove policies from corresponding nai iface.
+    public void removeAllDscpPolicies(NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        if (!mAttachedIfaces.contains(nai.linkProperties.getInterfaceName())) {
+            // Nothing to remove since program is not attached. Send update for policy
+            // id 0. The status update must contain a policy ID, and 0 is an invalid id.
+            sendStatus(nai, 0, STATUS_SUCCESS);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < mPolicyIdToBpfMapIndex.size(); i++) {
+            removePolicyFromMap(nai, mPolicyIdToBpfMapIndex.keyAt(i),
+                    mPolicyIdToBpfMapIndex.valueAt(i));
+        }
+        mPolicyIdToBpfMapIndex.clear();
+
+        // Can detach program since no policies are active.
+        detachProgram(nai.linkProperties.getInterfaceName());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Attach BPF program
+     */
+    private boolean attachProgram(@NonNull String iface) {
+        // TODO: attach needs to be per iface not program.
+
+        try {
+            NetworkInterface netIface = NetworkInterface.getByName(iface);
+            TcUtils.tcFilterAddDevBpf(netIface.getIndex(), false, PRIO_DSCP, (short) ETH_P_ALL,
+                    PROG_PATH);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Unable to attach to TC on " + iface + ": " + e);
+            return false;
+        }
+        mAttachedIfaces.add(iface);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Detach BPF program
+     */
+    public void detachProgram(@NonNull String iface) {
+        try {
+            NetworkInterface netIface = NetworkInterface.getByName(iface);
+            if (netIface != null) {
+                TcUtils.tcFilterDelDev(netIface.getIndex(), false, PRIO_DSCP, (short) ETH_P_ALL);
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Unable to detach to TC on " + iface + ": " + e);
+        }
+        mAttachedIfaces.remove(iface);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/DscpPolicyValue.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/DscpPolicyValue.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb40306
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/DscpPolicyValue.java
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.Range;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Field;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Type;
+
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+
+/** Value type for DSCP setting and rewriting to DSCP policy BPF maps. */
+public class DscpPolicyValue extends Struct {
+    private static final String TAG = DscpPolicyValue.class.getSimpleName();
+
+    // TODO: add the interface index.
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.ByteArray, arraysize = 16)
+    public final byte[] src46;
+
+    @Field(order = 1, type = Type.ByteArray, arraysize = 16)
+    public final byte[] dst46;
+
+    @Field(order = 2, type = Type.UBE16)
+    public final int srcPort;
+
+    @Field(order = 3, type = Type.UBE16)
+    public final int dstPortStart;
+
+    @Field(order = 4, type = Type.UBE16)
+    public final int dstPortEnd;
+
+    @Field(order = 5, type = Type.U8)
+    public final short proto;
+
+    @Field(order = 6, type = Type.U8)
+    public final short dscp;
+
+    @Field(order = 7, type = Type.U8, padding = 3)
+    public final short mask;
+
+    private static final int SRC_IP_MASK = 0x1;
+    private static final int DST_IP_MASK = 0x02;
+    private static final int SRC_PORT_MASK = 0x4;
+    private static final int DST_PORT_MASK = 0x8;
+    private static final int PROTO_MASK = 0x10;
+
+    private boolean ipEmpty(final byte[] ip) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < ip.length; i++) {
+            if (ip[i] != 0) return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private byte[] toIpv4MappedAddressBytes(InetAddress ia) {
+        final byte[] addr6 = new byte[16];
+        if (ia != null) {
+            final byte[] addr4 = ia.getAddress();
+            addr6[10] = (byte) 0xff;
+            addr6[11] = (byte) 0xff;
+            addr6[12] = addr4[0];
+            addr6[13] = addr4[1];
+            addr6[14] = addr4[2];
+            addr6[15] = addr4[3];
+        }
+        return addr6;
+    }
+
+    private byte[] toAddressField(InetAddress addr) {
+        if (addr == null) {
+            return EMPTY_ADDRESS_FIELD;
+        } else if (addr instanceof Inet4Address) {
+            return toIpv4MappedAddressBytes(addr);
+        } else {
+            return addr.getAddress();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static final byte[] EMPTY_ADDRESS_FIELD =
+            InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("::").getAddress();
+
+    private short makeMask(final byte[] src46, final byte[] dst46, final int srcPort,
+            final int dstPortStart, final short proto, final short dscp) {
+        short mask = 0;
+        if (src46 != EMPTY_ADDRESS_FIELD) {
+            mask |= SRC_IP_MASK;
+        }
+        if (dst46 != EMPTY_ADDRESS_FIELD) {
+            mask |=  DST_IP_MASK;
+        }
+        if (srcPort != -1) {
+            mask |=  SRC_PORT_MASK;
+        }
+        if (dstPortStart != -1 && dstPortEnd != -1) {
+            mask |=  DST_PORT_MASK;
+        }
+        if (proto != -1) {
+            mask |=  PROTO_MASK;
+        }
+        return mask;
+    }
+
+    // This constructor is necessary for BpfMap#getValue since all values must be
+    // in the constructor.
+    public DscpPolicyValue(final InetAddress src46, final InetAddress dst46, final int srcPort,
+            final int dstPortStart, final int dstPortEnd, final short proto,
+            final short dscp) {
+        this.src46 = toAddressField(src46);
+        this.dst46 = toAddressField(dst46);
+
+        // These params need to be stored as 0 because uints are used in BpfMap.
+        // If they are -1 BpfMap write will throw errors.
+        this.srcPort = srcPort != -1 ? srcPort : 0;
+        this.dstPortStart = dstPortStart != -1 ? dstPortStart : 0;
+        this.dstPortEnd = dstPortEnd != -1 ? dstPortEnd : 0;
+        this.proto = proto != -1 ? proto : 0;
+
+        this.dscp = dscp;
+        // Use member variables for IP since byte[] is needed and api variables for everything else
+        // so -1 is passed into mask if parameter is not present.
+        this.mask = makeMask(this.src46, this.dst46, srcPort, dstPortStart, proto, dscp);
+    }
+
+    public DscpPolicyValue(final InetAddress src46, final InetAddress dst46, final int srcPort,
+            final Range<Integer> dstPort, final short proto,
+            final short dscp) {
+        this(src46, dst46, srcPort, dstPort != null ? dstPort.getLower() : -1,
+                dstPort != null ? dstPort.getUpper() : -1, proto, dscp);
+    }
+
+    public static final DscpPolicyValue NONE = new DscpPolicyValue(
+            null /* src46 */, null /* dst46 */, -1 /* srcPort */,
+            -1 /* dstPortStart */, -1 /* dstPortEnd */, (short) -1 /* proto */,
+            (short) 0 /* dscp */);
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        String srcIpString = "empty";
+        String dstIpString = "empty";
+
+        // Separate try/catch for IP's so it's easier to debug.
+        try {
+            srcIpString = InetAddress.getByAddress(src46).getHostAddress();
+        }  catch (UnknownHostException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Invalid SRC IP address", e);
+        }
+
+        try {
+            dstIpString = InetAddress.getByAddress(src46).getHostAddress();
+        }  catch (UnknownHostException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Invalid DST IP address", e);
+        }
+
+        try {
+            return String.format(
+                    "src46: %s, dst46: %s, srcPort: %d, dstPortStart: %d, dstPortEnd: %d,"
+                    + " protocol: %d, dscp %s", srcIpString, dstIpString, srcPort, dstPortStart,
+                    dstPortEnd, proto, dscp);
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            return String.format("String format error: " + e);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScore.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScore.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..799f46b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScore.java
@@ -0,0 +1,360 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN;
+import static android.net.NetworkScore.KEEP_CONNECTED_NONE;
+import static android.net.NetworkScore.POLICY_YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI;
+
+import android.annotation.IntDef;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.net.NetworkAgentConfig;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkScore;
+import android.net.NetworkScore.KeepConnectedReason;
+import android.util.SparseArray;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.internal.util.MessageUtils;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.util.StringJoiner;
+
+/**
+ * This class represents how desirable a network is.
+ *
+ * FullScore is very similar to NetworkScore, but it contains the bits that are managed
+ * by ConnectivityService. This provides static guarantee that all users must know whether
+ * they are handling a score that had the CS-managed bits set.
+ */
+public class FullScore {
+    // This will be removed soon. Do *NOT* depend on it for any new code that is not part of
+    // a migration.
+    private final int mLegacyInt;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(prefix = {"POLICY_"}, value = {
+            POLICY_IS_VALIDATED,
+            POLICY_IS_VPN,
+            POLICY_EVER_USER_SELECTED,
+            POLICY_ACCEPT_UNVALIDATED,
+            POLICY_IS_UNMETERED
+    })
+    public @interface Policy {
+    }
+
+    // Agent-managed policies are in NetworkScore. They start from 1.
+    // CS-managed policies, counting from 63 downward
+    // This network is validated. CS-managed because the source of truth is in NetworkCapabilities.
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int POLICY_IS_VALIDATED = 63;
+
+    // This is a VPN and behaves as one for scoring purposes.
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int POLICY_IS_VPN = 62;
+
+    // This network has been selected by the user manually from settings or a 3rd party app
+    // at least once. {@see NetworkAgentConfig#explicitlySelected}.
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int POLICY_EVER_USER_SELECTED = 61;
+
+    // The user has indicated in UI that this network should be used even if it doesn't
+    // validate. {@see NetworkAgentConfig#acceptUnvalidated}.
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int POLICY_ACCEPT_UNVALIDATED = 60;
+
+    // This network is unmetered. {@see NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED}.
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int POLICY_IS_UNMETERED = 59;
+
+    // This network is invincible. This is useful for offers until there is an API to listen
+    // to requests.
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int POLICY_IS_INVINCIBLE = 58;
+
+    // This network has been validated at least once since it was connected, but not explicitly
+    // avoided in UI.
+    // TODO : remove setAvoidUnvalidated and instead disconnect the network when the user
+    // chooses to move away from this network, and remove this flag.
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int POLICY_EVER_VALIDATED_NOT_AVOIDED_WHEN_BAD = 57;
+
+    // The network agent has communicated that this network no longer functions, and the underlying
+    // native network has been destroyed. The network will still be reported to clients as connected
+    // until a timeout expires, the agent disconnects, or the network no longer satisfies requests.
+    // This network should lose to an identical network that has not been destroyed, but should
+    // otherwise be scored exactly the same.
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int POLICY_IS_DESTROYED = 56;
+
+    // To help iterate when printing
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static final int MIN_CS_MANAGED_POLICY = POLICY_IS_DESTROYED;
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static final int MAX_CS_MANAGED_POLICY = POLICY_IS_VALIDATED;
+
+    // Mask for policies in NetworkScore. This should have all bits managed by NetworkScore set
+    // and all bits managed by FullScore unset. As bits are handled from 0 up in NetworkScore and
+    // from 63 down in FullScore, cut at the 32nd bit for simplicity, but change this if some day
+    // there are more than 32 bits handled on either side.
+    // YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI is temporarily handled by ConnectivityService.
+    private static final long EXTERNAL_POLICIES_MASK =
+            0x00000000FFFFFFFFL & ~(1L << POLICY_YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI);
+
+    private static SparseArray<String> sMessageNames = MessageUtils.findMessageNames(
+            new Class[]{FullScore.class, NetworkScore.class}, new String[]{"POLICY_"});
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static @NonNull String policyNameOf(final int policy) {
+        final String name = sMessageNames.get(policy);
+        if (name == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown policy: " + policy);
+        return name.substring("POLICY_".length());
+    }
+
+    // Bitmask of all the policies applied to this score.
+    private final long mPolicies;
+
+    private final int mKeepConnectedReason;
+
+    FullScore(final int legacyInt, final long policies,
+            @KeepConnectedReason final int keepConnectedReason) {
+        mLegacyInt = legacyInt;
+        mPolicies = policies;
+        mKeepConnectedReason = keepConnectedReason;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Given a score supplied by the NetworkAgent and CS-managed objects, produce a full score.
+     *
+     * @param score the score supplied by the agent
+     * @param caps the NetworkCapabilities of the network
+     * @param config the NetworkAgentConfig of the network
+     * @param everValidated whether this network has ever validated
+     * @param yieldToBadWiFi whether this network yields to a previously validated wifi gone bad
+     * @param destroyed whether this network has been destroyed pending a replacement connecting
+     * @return a FullScore that is appropriate to use for ranking.
+     */
+    // TODO : this shouldn't manage bad wifi avoidance – instead this should be done by the
+    // telephony factory, so that it depends on the carrier. For now this is handled by
+    // connectivity for backward compatibility.
+    public static FullScore fromNetworkScore(@NonNull final NetworkScore score,
+            @NonNull final NetworkCapabilities caps, @NonNull final NetworkAgentConfig config,
+            final boolean everValidated, final boolean yieldToBadWiFi, final boolean destroyed) {
+        return withPolicies(score.getLegacyInt(), score.getPolicies(),
+                score.getKeepConnectedReason(),
+                caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED),
+                caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN),
+                caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED),
+                everValidated,
+                config.explicitlySelected,
+                config.acceptUnvalidated,
+                yieldToBadWiFi,
+                destroyed,
+                false /* invincible */); // only prospective scores can be invincible
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Given a score supplied by a NetworkProvider, produce a prospective score for an offer.
+     *
+     * NetworkOffers have score filters that are compared to the scores of actual networks
+     * to see if they could possibly beat the current satisfier. Some things the agent can't
+     * know in advance; a good example is the validation bit – some networks will validate,
+     * others won't. For comparison purposes, assume the best, so all possibly beneficial
+     * networks will be brought up.
+     *
+     * @param score the score supplied by the agent for this offer
+     * @param caps the capabilities supplied by the agent for this offer
+     * @return a FullScore appropriate for comparing to actual network's scores.
+     */
+    public static FullScore makeProspectiveScore(@NonNull final NetworkScore score,
+            @NonNull final NetworkCapabilities caps, final boolean yieldToBadWiFi) {
+        // If the network offers Internet access, it may validate.
+        final boolean mayValidate = caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
+        // VPN transports are known in advance.
+        final boolean vpn = caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN);
+        // Prospective scores are always unmetered, because unmetered networks are stronger
+        // than metered networks, and it's not known in advance whether the network is metered.
+        final boolean unmetered = true;
+        // If the offer may validate, then it should be considered to have validated at some point
+        final boolean everValidated = mayValidate;
+        // The network hasn't been chosen by the user (yet, at least).
+        final boolean everUserSelected = false;
+        // Don't assume the user will accept unvalidated connectivity.
+        final boolean acceptUnvalidated = false;
+        // A network can only be destroyed once it has connected.
+        final boolean destroyed = false;
+        // A prospective score is invincible if the legacy int in the filter is over the maximum
+        // score.
+        final boolean invincible = score.getLegacyInt() > NetworkRanker.LEGACY_INT_MAX;
+        return withPolicies(score.getLegacyInt(), score.getPolicies(), KEEP_CONNECTED_NONE,
+                mayValidate, vpn, unmetered, everValidated, everUserSelected, acceptUnvalidated,
+                yieldToBadWiFi, destroyed, invincible);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a new score given updated caps and config.
+     *
+     * @param caps the NetworkCapabilities of the network
+     * @param config the NetworkAgentConfig of the network
+     * @return a score with the policies from the arguments reset
+     */
+    // TODO : this shouldn't manage bad wifi avoidance – instead this should be done by the
+    // telephony factory, so that it depends on the carrier. For now this is handled by
+    // connectivity for backward compatibility.
+    public FullScore mixInScore(@NonNull final NetworkCapabilities caps,
+            @NonNull final NetworkAgentConfig config,
+            final boolean everValidated,
+            final boolean yieldToBadWifi,
+            final boolean destroyed) {
+        return withPolicies(mLegacyInt, mPolicies, mKeepConnectedReason,
+                caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED),
+                caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN),
+                caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED),
+                everValidated,
+                config.explicitlySelected,
+                config.acceptUnvalidated,
+                yieldToBadWifi,
+                destroyed,
+                false /* invincible */); // only prospective scores can be invincible
+    }
+
+    // TODO : this shouldn't manage bad wifi avoidance – instead this should be done by the
+    // telephony factory, so that it depends on the carrier. For now this is handled by
+    // connectivity for backward compatibility.
+    private static FullScore withPolicies(@NonNull final int legacyInt,
+            final long externalPolicies,
+            @KeepConnectedReason final int keepConnectedReason,
+            final boolean isValidated,
+            final boolean isVpn,
+            final boolean isUnmetered,
+            final boolean everValidated,
+            final boolean everUserSelected,
+            final boolean acceptUnvalidated,
+            final boolean yieldToBadWiFi,
+            final boolean destroyed,
+            final boolean invincible) {
+        return new FullScore(legacyInt, (externalPolicies & EXTERNAL_POLICIES_MASK)
+                | (isValidated       ? 1L << POLICY_IS_VALIDATED : 0)
+                | (isVpn             ? 1L << POLICY_IS_VPN : 0)
+                | (isUnmetered       ? 1L << POLICY_IS_UNMETERED : 0)
+                | (everValidated     ? 1L << POLICY_EVER_VALIDATED_NOT_AVOIDED_WHEN_BAD : 0)
+                | (everUserSelected  ? 1L << POLICY_EVER_USER_SELECTED : 0)
+                | (acceptUnvalidated ? 1L << POLICY_ACCEPT_UNVALIDATED : 0)
+                | (yieldToBadWiFi    ? 1L << POLICY_YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI : 0)
+                | (destroyed         ? 1L << POLICY_IS_DESTROYED : 0)
+                | (invincible        ? 1L << POLICY_IS_INVINCIBLE : 0),
+                keepConnectedReason);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns this score but with the specified yield to bad wifi policy.
+     */
+    public FullScore withYieldToBadWiFi(final boolean newYield) {
+        return new FullScore(mLegacyInt,
+                newYield ? mPolicies | (1L << POLICY_YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI)
+                        : mPolicies & ~(1L << POLICY_YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI),
+                mKeepConnectedReason);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns this score but validated.
+     */
+    public FullScore asValidated() {
+        return new FullScore(mLegacyInt, mPolicies | (1L << POLICY_IS_VALIDATED),
+                mKeepConnectedReason);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * For backward compatibility, get the legacy int.
+     * This will be removed before S is published.
+     */
+    public int getLegacyInt() {
+        return getLegacyInt(false /* pretendValidated */);
+    }
+
+    public int getLegacyIntAsValidated() {
+        return getLegacyInt(true /* pretendValidated */);
+    }
+
+    // TODO : remove these two constants
+    // Penalty applied to scores of Networks that have not been validated.
+    private static final int UNVALIDATED_SCORE_PENALTY = 40;
+
+    // Score for a network that can be used unvalidated
+    private static final int ACCEPT_UNVALIDATED_NETWORK_SCORE = 100;
+
+    private int getLegacyInt(boolean pretendValidated) {
+        // If the user has chosen this network at least once, give it the maximum score when
+        // checking to pretend it's validated, or if it doesn't need to validate because the
+        // user said to use it even if it doesn't validate.
+        // This ensures that networks that have been selected in UI are not torn down before the
+        // user gets a chance to prefer it when a higher-scoring network (e.g., Ethernet) is
+        // available.
+        if (hasPolicy(POLICY_EVER_USER_SELECTED)
+                && (hasPolicy(POLICY_ACCEPT_UNVALIDATED) || pretendValidated)) {
+            return ACCEPT_UNVALIDATED_NETWORK_SCORE;
+        }
+
+        int score = mLegacyInt;
+        // Except for VPNs, networks are subject to a penalty for not being validated.
+        // Apply the penalty unless the network is a VPN, or it's validated or pretending to be.
+        if (!hasPolicy(POLICY_IS_VALIDATED) && !pretendValidated && !hasPolicy(POLICY_IS_VPN)) {
+            score -= UNVALIDATED_SCORE_PENALTY;
+        }
+        if (score < 0) score = 0;
+        return score;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return whether this score has a particular policy.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public boolean hasPolicy(final int policy) {
+        return 0 != (mPolicies & (1L << policy));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the keep-connected reason, or KEEP_CONNECTED_NONE.
+     */
+    public int getKeepConnectedReason() {
+        return mKeepConnectedReason;
+    }
+
+    // Example output :
+    // Score(50 ; Policies : EVER_USER_SELECTED&IS_VALIDATED)
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        final StringJoiner sj = new StringJoiner(
+                "&", // delimiter
+                "Score(" + mLegacyInt + " ; KeepConnected : " + mKeepConnectedReason
+                        + " ; Policies : ", // prefix
+                ")"); // suffix
+        for (int i = NetworkScore.MIN_AGENT_MANAGED_POLICY;
+                i <= NetworkScore.MAX_AGENT_MANAGED_POLICY; ++i) {
+            if (hasPolicy(i)) sj.add(policyNameOf(i));
+        }
+        for (int i = MIN_CS_MANAGED_POLICY; i <= MAX_CS_MANAGED_POLICY; ++i) {
+            if (hasPolicy(i)) sj.add(policyNameOf(i));
+        }
+        return sj.toString();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/KeepaliveTracker.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/KeepaliveTracker.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b58823
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/KeepaliveTracker.java
@@ -0,0 +1,759 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
+import static android.net.NattSocketKeepalive.NATT_PORT;
+import static android.net.NetworkAgent.CMD_START_SOCKET_KEEPALIVE;
+import static android.net.SocketKeepalive.BINDER_DIED;
+import static android.net.SocketKeepalive.DATA_RECEIVED;
+import static android.net.SocketKeepalive.ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES;
+import static android.net.SocketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_INTERVAL;
+import static android.net.SocketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS;
+import static android.net.SocketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_NETWORK;
+import static android.net.SocketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_SOCKET;
+import static android.net.SocketKeepalive.ERROR_NO_SUCH_SLOT;
+import static android.net.SocketKeepalive.ERROR_STOP_REASON_UNINITIALIZED;
+import static android.net.SocketKeepalive.ERROR_UNSUPPORTED;
+import static android.net.SocketKeepalive.MAX_INTERVAL_SEC;
+import static android.net.SocketKeepalive.MIN_INTERVAL_SEC;
+import static android.net.SocketKeepalive.NO_KEEPALIVE;
+import static android.net.SocketKeepalive.SUCCESS;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.ConnectivityResources;
+import android.net.ISocketKeepaliveCallback;
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.net.InvalidPacketException;
+import android.net.KeepalivePacketData;
+import android.net.NattKeepalivePacketData;
+import android.net.NetworkAgent;
+import android.net.SocketKeepalive.InvalidSocketException;
+import android.net.TcpKeepalivePacketData;
+import android.net.util.KeepaliveUtils;
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.Message;
+import android.os.Process;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.system.Os;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.Pair;
+
+import com.android.connectivity.resources.R;
+import com.android.internal.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
+import com.android.net.module.util.HexDump;
+import com.android.net.module.util.IpUtils;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.SocketAddress;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+
+/**
+ * Manages socket keepalive requests.
+ *
+ * Provides methods to stop and start keepalive requests, and keeps track of keepalives across all
+ * networks. This class is tightly coupled to ConnectivityService. It is not thread-safe and its
+ * handle* methods must be called only from the ConnectivityService handler thread.
+ */
+public class KeepaliveTracker {
+
+    private static final String TAG = "KeepaliveTracker";
+    private static final boolean DBG = false;
+
+    public static final String PERMISSION = android.Manifest.permission.PACKET_KEEPALIVE_OFFLOAD;
+
+    /** Keeps track of keepalive requests. */
+    private final HashMap <NetworkAgentInfo, HashMap<Integer, KeepaliveInfo>> mKeepalives =
+            new HashMap<> ();
+    private final Handler mConnectivityServiceHandler;
+    @NonNull
+    private final TcpKeepaliveController mTcpController;
+    @NonNull
+    private final Context mContext;
+
+    // Supported keepalive count for each transport type, can be configured through
+    // config_networkSupportedKeepaliveCount. For better error handling, use
+    // {@link getSupportedKeepalivesForNetworkCapabilities} instead of direct access.
+    @NonNull
+    private final int[] mSupportedKeepalives;
+
+    // Reserved privileged keepalive slots per transport. Caller's permission will be enforced if
+    // the number of remaining keepalive slots is less than or equal to the threshold.
+    private final int mReservedPrivilegedSlots;
+
+    // Allowed unprivileged keepalive slots per uid. Caller's permission will be enforced if
+    // the number of remaining keepalive slots is less than or equal to the threshold.
+    private final int mAllowedUnprivilegedSlotsForUid;
+
+    public KeepaliveTracker(Context context, Handler handler) {
+        mConnectivityServiceHandler = handler;
+        mTcpController = new TcpKeepaliveController(handler);
+        mContext = context;
+        mSupportedKeepalives = KeepaliveUtils.getSupportedKeepalives(mContext);
+
+        final ConnectivityResources res = new ConnectivityResources(mContext);
+        mReservedPrivilegedSlots = res.get().getInteger(
+                R.integer.config_reservedPrivilegedKeepaliveSlots);
+        mAllowedUnprivilegedSlotsForUid = res.get().getInteger(
+                R.integer.config_allowedUnprivilegedKeepalivePerUid);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tracks information about a socket keepalive.
+     *
+     * All information about this keepalive is known at construction time except the slot number,
+     * which is only returned when the hardware has successfully started the keepalive.
+     */
+    class KeepaliveInfo implements IBinder.DeathRecipient {
+        // Bookkeeping data.
+        private final ISocketKeepaliveCallback mCallback;
+        private final int mUid;
+        private final int mPid;
+        private final boolean mPrivileged;
+        private final NetworkAgentInfo mNai;
+        private final int mType;
+        private final FileDescriptor mFd;
+
+        public static final int TYPE_NATT = 1;
+        public static final int TYPE_TCP = 2;
+
+        // Keepalive slot. A small integer that identifies this keepalive among the ones handled
+        // by this network.
+        private int mSlot = NO_KEEPALIVE;
+
+        // Packet data.
+        private final KeepalivePacketData mPacket;
+        private final int mInterval;
+
+        // Whether the keepalive is started or not. The initial state is NOT_STARTED.
+        private static final int NOT_STARTED = 1;
+        private static final int STARTING = 2;
+        private static final int STARTED = 3;
+        private static final int STOPPING = 4;
+        private int mStartedState = NOT_STARTED;
+        private int mStopReason = ERROR_STOP_REASON_UNINITIALIZED;
+
+        KeepaliveInfo(@NonNull ISocketKeepaliveCallback callback,
+                @NonNull NetworkAgentInfo nai,
+                @NonNull KeepalivePacketData packet,
+                int interval,
+                int type,
+                @Nullable FileDescriptor fd) throws InvalidSocketException {
+            mCallback = callback;
+            mPid = Binder.getCallingPid();
+            mUid = Binder.getCallingUid();
+            mPrivileged = (PERMISSION_GRANTED == mContext.checkPermission(PERMISSION, mPid, mUid));
+
+            mNai = nai;
+            mPacket = packet;
+            mInterval = interval;
+            mType = type;
+
+            // For SocketKeepalive, a dup of fd is kept in mFd so the source port from which the
+            // keepalives are sent cannot be reused by another app even if the fd gets closed by
+            // the user. A null is acceptable here for backward compatibility of PacketKeepalive
+            // API.
+            try {
+                if (fd != null) {
+                    mFd = Os.dup(fd);
+                }  else {
+                    Log.d(TAG, toString() + " calls with null fd");
+                    if (!mPrivileged) {
+                        throw new SecurityException(
+                                "null fd is not allowed for unprivileged access.");
+                    }
+                    if (mType == TYPE_TCP) {
+                        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                                "null fd is not allowed for tcp socket keepalives.");
+                    }
+                    mFd = null;
+                }
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Cannot dup fd: ", e);
+                throw new InvalidSocketException(ERROR_INVALID_SOCKET, e);
+            }
+
+            try {
+                mCallback.asBinder().linkToDeath(this, 0);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                binderDied();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public NetworkAgentInfo getNai() {
+            return mNai;
+        }
+
+        private String startedStateString(final int state) {
+            switch (state) {
+                case NOT_STARTED : return "NOT_STARTED";
+                case STARTING : return "STARTING";
+                case STARTED : return "STARTED";
+                case STOPPING : return "STOPPING";
+            }
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown state");
+        }
+
+        public String toString() {
+            return "KeepaliveInfo ["
+                    + " type=" + mType
+                    + " network=" + mNai.network
+                    + " startedState=" + startedStateString(mStartedState)
+                    + " "
+                    + IpUtils.addressAndPortToString(mPacket.getSrcAddress(), mPacket.getSrcPort())
+                    + "->"
+                    + IpUtils.addressAndPortToString(mPacket.getDstAddress(), mPacket.getDstPort())
+                    + " interval=" + mInterval
+                    + " uid=" + mUid + " pid=" + mPid + " privileged=" + mPrivileged
+                    + " packetData=" + HexDump.toHexString(mPacket.getPacket())
+                    + " ]";
+        }
+
+        /** Called when the application process is killed. */
+        public void binderDied() {
+            stop(BINDER_DIED);
+        }
+
+        void unlinkDeathRecipient() {
+            if (mCallback != null) {
+                mCallback.asBinder().unlinkToDeath(this, 0);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private int checkNetworkConnected() {
+            if (!mNai.networkInfo.isConnectedOrConnecting()) {
+                return ERROR_INVALID_NETWORK;
+            }
+            return SUCCESS;
+        }
+
+        private int checkSourceAddress() {
+            // Check that we have the source address.
+            for (InetAddress address : mNai.linkProperties.getAddresses()) {
+                if (address.equals(mPacket.getSrcAddress())) {
+                    return SUCCESS;
+                }
+            }
+            return ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS;
+        }
+
+        private int checkInterval() {
+            if (mInterval < MIN_INTERVAL_SEC || mInterval > MAX_INTERVAL_SEC) {
+                return ERROR_INVALID_INTERVAL;
+            }
+            return SUCCESS;
+        }
+
+        private int checkPermission() {
+            final HashMap<Integer, KeepaliveInfo> networkKeepalives = mKeepalives.get(mNai);
+            if (networkKeepalives == null) {
+                return ERROR_INVALID_NETWORK;
+            }
+
+            if (mPrivileged) return SUCCESS;
+
+            final int supported = KeepaliveUtils.getSupportedKeepalivesForNetworkCapabilities(
+                    mSupportedKeepalives, mNai.networkCapabilities);
+
+            int takenUnprivilegedSlots = 0;
+            for (final KeepaliveInfo ki : networkKeepalives.values()) {
+                if (!ki.mPrivileged) ++takenUnprivilegedSlots;
+            }
+            if (takenUnprivilegedSlots > supported - mReservedPrivilegedSlots) {
+                return ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES;
+            }
+
+            // Count unprivileged keepalives for the same uid across networks.
+            int unprivilegedCountSameUid = 0;
+            for (final HashMap<Integer, KeepaliveInfo> kaForNetwork : mKeepalives.values()) {
+                for (final KeepaliveInfo ki : kaForNetwork.values()) {
+                    if (ki.mUid == mUid) {
+                        unprivilegedCountSameUid++;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (unprivilegedCountSameUid > mAllowedUnprivilegedSlotsForUid) {
+                return ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES;
+            }
+            return SUCCESS;
+        }
+
+        private int checkLimit() {
+            final HashMap<Integer, KeepaliveInfo> networkKeepalives = mKeepalives.get(mNai);
+            if (networkKeepalives == null) {
+                return ERROR_INVALID_NETWORK;
+            }
+            final int supported = KeepaliveUtils.getSupportedKeepalivesForNetworkCapabilities(
+                    mSupportedKeepalives, mNai.networkCapabilities);
+            if (supported == 0) return ERROR_UNSUPPORTED;
+            if (networkKeepalives.size() > supported) return ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES;
+            return SUCCESS;
+        }
+
+        private int isValid() {
+            synchronized (mNai) {
+                int error = checkInterval();
+                if (error == SUCCESS) error = checkLimit();
+                if (error == SUCCESS) error = checkPermission();
+                if (error == SUCCESS) error = checkNetworkConnected();
+                if (error == SUCCESS) error = checkSourceAddress();
+                return error;
+            }
+        }
+
+        void start(int slot) {
+            mSlot = slot;
+            int error = isValid();
+            if (error == SUCCESS) {
+                Log.d(TAG, "Starting keepalive " + mSlot + " on " + mNai.toShortString());
+                switch (mType) {
+                    case TYPE_NATT:
+                        final NattKeepalivePacketData nattData = (NattKeepalivePacketData) mPacket;
+                        mNai.onAddNattKeepalivePacketFilter(slot, nattData);
+                        mNai.onStartNattSocketKeepalive(slot, mInterval, nattData);
+                        break;
+                    case TYPE_TCP:
+                        try {
+                            mTcpController.startSocketMonitor(mFd, this, mSlot);
+                        } catch (InvalidSocketException e) {
+                            handleStopKeepalive(mNai, mSlot, ERROR_INVALID_SOCKET);
+                            return;
+                        }
+                        final TcpKeepalivePacketData tcpData = (TcpKeepalivePacketData) mPacket;
+                        mNai.onAddTcpKeepalivePacketFilter(slot, tcpData);
+                        // TODO: check result from apf and notify of failure as needed.
+                        mNai.onStartTcpSocketKeepalive(slot, mInterval, tcpData);
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        Log.wtf(TAG, "Starting keepalive with unknown type: " + mType);
+                        handleStopKeepalive(mNai, mSlot, error);
+                        return;
+                }
+                mStartedState = STARTING;
+            } else {
+                handleStopKeepalive(mNai, mSlot, error);
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        void stop(int reason) {
+            int uid = Binder.getCallingUid();
+            if (uid != mUid && uid != Process.SYSTEM_UID) {
+                if (DBG) {
+                    Log.e(TAG, "Cannot stop unowned keepalive " + mSlot + " on " + mNai.network);
+                }
+            }
+            // To prevent races from re-entrance of stop(), return if the state is already stopping.
+            // This might happen if multiple event sources stop keepalive in a short time. Such as
+            // network disconnect after user calls stop(), or tear down socket after binder died.
+            if (mStartedState == STOPPING) return;
+
+            // Store the reason of stopping, and report it after the keepalive is fully stopped.
+            if (mStopReason != ERROR_STOP_REASON_UNINITIALIZED) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected stop reason: " + mStopReason);
+            }
+            mStopReason = reason;
+            Log.d(TAG, "Stopping keepalive " + mSlot + " on " + mNai.toShortString()
+                    + ": " + reason);
+            switch (mStartedState) {
+                case NOT_STARTED:
+                    // Remove the reference of the keepalive that meet error before starting,
+                    // e.g. invalid parameter.
+                    cleanupStoppedKeepalive(mNai, mSlot);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    mStartedState = STOPPING;
+                    switch (mType) {
+                        case TYPE_TCP:
+                            mTcpController.stopSocketMonitor(mSlot);
+                            // fall through
+                        case TYPE_NATT:
+                            mNai.onStopSocketKeepalive(mSlot);
+                            mNai.onRemoveKeepalivePacketFilter(mSlot);
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                            Log.wtf(TAG, "Stopping keepalive with unknown type: " + mType);
+                    }
+            }
+
+            // Close the duplicated fd that maintains the lifecycle of socket whenever
+            // keepalive is running.
+            if (mFd != null) {
+                try {
+                    Os.close(mFd);
+                } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                    // This should not happen since system server controls the lifecycle of fd when
+                    // keepalive offload is running.
+                    Log.wtf(TAG, "Error closing fd for keepalive " + mSlot + ": " + e);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        void onFileDescriptorInitiatedStop(final int socketKeepaliveReason) {
+            handleStopKeepalive(mNai, mSlot, socketKeepaliveReason);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void notifyErrorCallback(ISocketKeepaliveCallback cb, int error) {
+        if (DBG) Log.w(TAG, "Sending onError(" + error + ") callback");
+        try {
+            cb.onError(error);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "Discarded onError(" + error + ") callback");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private  int findFirstFreeSlot(NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        HashMap networkKeepalives = mKeepalives.get(nai);
+        if (networkKeepalives == null) {
+            networkKeepalives = new HashMap<Integer, KeepaliveInfo>();
+            mKeepalives.put(nai, networkKeepalives);
+        }
+
+        // Find the lowest-numbered free slot. Slot numbers start from 1, because that's what two
+        // separate chipset implementations independently came up with.
+        int slot;
+        for (slot = 1; slot <= networkKeepalives.size(); slot++) {
+            if (networkKeepalives.get(slot) == null) {
+                return slot;
+            }
+        }
+        return slot;
+    }
+
+    public void handleStartKeepalive(Message message) {
+        KeepaliveInfo ki = (KeepaliveInfo) message.obj;
+        NetworkAgentInfo nai = ki.getNai();
+        int slot = findFirstFreeSlot(nai);
+        mKeepalives.get(nai).put(slot, ki);
+        ki.start(slot);
+    }
+
+    public void handleStopAllKeepalives(NetworkAgentInfo nai, int reason) {
+        final HashMap<Integer, KeepaliveInfo> networkKeepalives = mKeepalives.get(nai);
+        if (networkKeepalives != null) {
+            final ArrayList<KeepaliveInfo> kalist = new ArrayList(networkKeepalives.values());
+            for (KeepaliveInfo ki : kalist) {
+                ki.stop(reason);
+                // Clean up keepalives since the network agent is disconnected and unable to pass
+                // back asynchronous result of stop().
+                cleanupStoppedKeepalive(nai, ki.mSlot);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void handleStopKeepalive(NetworkAgentInfo nai, int slot, int reason) {
+        final String networkName = NetworkAgentInfo.toShortString(nai);
+        HashMap <Integer, KeepaliveInfo> networkKeepalives = mKeepalives.get(nai);
+        if (networkKeepalives == null) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Attempt to stop keepalive on nonexistent network " + networkName);
+            return;
+        }
+        KeepaliveInfo ki = networkKeepalives.get(slot);
+        if (ki == null) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Attempt to stop nonexistent keepalive " + slot + " on " + networkName);
+            return;
+        }
+        ki.stop(reason);
+        // Clean up keepalives will be done as a result of calling ki.stop() after the slots are
+        // freed.
+    }
+
+    private void cleanupStoppedKeepalive(NetworkAgentInfo nai, int slot) {
+        final String networkName = NetworkAgentInfo.toShortString(nai);
+        HashMap<Integer, KeepaliveInfo> networkKeepalives = mKeepalives.get(nai);
+        if (networkKeepalives == null) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Attempt to remove keepalive on nonexistent network " + networkName);
+            return;
+        }
+        KeepaliveInfo ki = networkKeepalives.get(slot);
+        if (ki == null) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Attempt to remove nonexistent keepalive " + slot + " on " + networkName);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Remove the keepalive from hash table so the slot can be considered available when reusing
+        // it.
+        networkKeepalives.remove(slot);
+        Log.d(TAG, "Remove keepalive " + slot + " on " + networkName + ", "
+                + networkKeepalives.size() + " remains.");
+        if (networkKeepalives.isEmpty()) {
+            mKeepalives.remove(nai);
+        }
+
+        // Notify app that the keepalive is stopped.
+        final int reason = ki.mStopReason;
+        if (reason == SUCCESS) {
+            try {
+                ki.mCallback.onStopped();
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                Log.w(TAG, "Discarded onStop callback: " + reason);
+            }
+        } else if (reason == DATA_RECEIVED) {
+            try {
+                ki.mCallback.onDataReceived();
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                Log.w(TAG, "Discarded onDataReceived callback: " + reason);
+            }
+        } else if (reason == ERROR_STOP_REASON_UNINITIALIZED) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected stop reason: " + reason);
+        } else if (reason == ERROR_NO_SUCH_SLOT) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("No such slot: " + reason);
+        } else {
+            notifyErrorCallback(ki.mCallback, reason);
+        }
+
+        ki.unlinkDeathRecipient();
+    }
+
+    public void handleCheckKeepalivesStillValid(NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        HashMap <Integer, KeepaliveInfo> networkKeepalives = mKeepalives.get(nai);
+        if (networkKeepalives != null) {
+            ArrayList<Pair<Integer, Integer>> invalidKeepalives = new ArrayList<>();
+            for (int slot : networkKeepalives.keySet()) {
+                int error = networkKeepalives.get(slot).isValid();
+                if (error != SUCCESS) {
+                    invalidKeepalives.add(Pair.create(slot, error));
+                }
+            }
+            for (Pair<Integer, Integer> slotAndError: invalidKeepalives) {
+                handleStopKeepalive(nai, slotAndError.first, slotAndError.second);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Handle keepalive events from lower layer. */
+    public void handleEventSocketKeepalive(@NonNull NetworkAgentInfo nai, int slot, int reason) {
+        KeepaliveInfo ki = null;
+        try {
+            ki = mKeepalives.get(nai).get(slot);
+        } catch(NullPointerException e) {}
+        if (ki == null) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Event " + NetworkAgent.EVENT_SOCKET_KEEPALIVE + "," + slot + "," + reason
+                    + " for unknown keepalive " + slot + " on " + nai.toShortString());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // This can be called in a number of situations :
+        // - startedState is STARTING.
+        //   - reason is SUCCESS => go to STARTED.
+        //   - reason isn't SUCCESS => it's an error starting. Go to NOT_STARTED and stop keepalive.
+        // - startedState is STARTED.
+        //   - reason is SUCCESS => it's a success stopping. Go to NOT_STARTED and stop keepalive.
+        //   - reason isn't SUCCESS => it's an error in exec. Go to NOT_STARTED and stop keepalive.
+        // The control is not supposed to ever come here if the state is NOT_STARTED. This is
+        // because in NOT_STARTED state, the code will switch to STARTING before sending messages
+        // to start, and the only way to NOT_STARTED is this function, through the edges outlined
+        // above : in all cases, keepalive gets stopped and can't restart without going into
+        // STARTING as messages are ordered. This also depends on the hardware processing the
+        // messages in order.
+        // TODO : clarify this code and get rid of mStartedState. Using a StateMachine is an
+        // option.
+        if (KeepaliveInfo.STARTING == ki.mStartedState) {
+            if (SUCCESS == reason) {
+                // Keepalive successfully started.
+                Log.d(TAG, "Started keepalive " + slot + " on " + nai.toShortString());
+                ki.mStartedState = KeepaliveInfo.STARTED;
+                try {
+                    ki.mCallback.onStarted(slot);
+                } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                    Log.w(TAG, "Discarded onStarted(" + slot + ") callback");
+                }
+            } else {
+                Log.d(TAG, "Failed to start keepalive " + slot + " on " + nai.toShortString()
+                        + ": " + reason);
+                // The message indicated some error trying to start: do call handleStopKeepalive.
+                handleStopKeepalive(nai, slot, reason);
+            }
+        } else if (KeepaliveInfo.STOPPING == ki.mStartedState) {
+            // The message indicated result of stopping : clean up keepalive slots.
+            Log.d(TAG, "Stopped keepalive " + slot + " on " + nai.toShortString()
+                    + " stopped: " + reason);
+            ki.mStartedState = KeepaliveInfo.NOT_STARTED;
+            cleanupStoppedKeepalive(nai, slot);
+        } else {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "Event " + NetworkAgent.EVENT_SOCKET_KEEPALIVE + "," + slot + "," + reason
+                    + " for keepalive in wrong state: " + ki.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called when requesting that keepalives be started on a IPsec NAT-T socket. See
+     * {@link android.net.SocketKeepalive}.
+     **/
+    public void startNattKeepalive(@Nullable NetworkAgentInfo nai,
+            @Nullable FileDescriptor fd,
+            int intervalSeconds,
+            @NonNull ISocketKeepaliveCallback cb,
+            @NonNull String srcAddrString,
+            int srcPort,
+            @NonNull String dstAddrString,
+            int dstPort) {
+        if (nai == null) {
+            notifyErrorCallback(cb, ERROR_INVALID_NETWORK);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        InetAddress srcAddress, dstAddress;
+        try {
+            srcAddress = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(srcAddrString);
+            dstAddress = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(dstAddrString);
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            notifyErrorCallback(cb, ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        KeepalivePacketData packet;
+        try {
+            packet = NattKeepalivePacketData.nattKeepalivePacket(
+                    srcAddress, srcPort, dstAddress, NATT_PORT);
+        } catch (InvalidPacketException e) {
+            notifyErrorCallback(cb, e.getError());
+            return;
+        }
+        KeepaliveInfo ki = null;
+        try {
+            ki = new KeepaliveInfo(cb, nai, packet, intervalSeconds,
+                    KeepaliveInfo.TYPE_NATT, fd);
+        } catch (InvalidSocketException | IllegalArgumentException | SecurityException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Fail to construct keepalive", e);
+            notifyErrorCallback(cb, ERROR_INVALID_SOCKET);
+            return;
+        }
+        Log.d(TAG, "Created keepalive: " + ki.toString());
+        mConnectivityServiceHandler.obtainMessage(
+                NetworkAgent.CMD_START_SOCKET_KEEPALIVE, ki).sendToTarget();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called by ConnectivityService to start TCP keepalive on a file descriptor.
+     *
+     * In order to offload keepalive for application correctly, sequence number, ack number and
+     * other fields are needed to form the keepalive packet. Thus, this function synchronously
+     * puts the socket into repair mode to get the necessary information. After the socket has been
+     * put into repair mode, the application cannot access the socket until reverted to normal.
+     *
+     * See {@link android.net.SocketKeepalive}.
+     **/
+    public void startTcpKeepalive(@Nullable NetworkAgentInfo nai,
+            @NonNull FileDescriptor fd,
+            int intervalSeconds,
+            @NonNull ISocketKeepaliveCallback cb) {
+        if (nai == null) {
+            notifyErrorCallback(cb, ERROR_INVALID_NETWORK);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final TcpKeepalivePacketData packet;
+        try {
+            packet = TcpKeepaliveController.getTcpKeepalivePacket(fd);
+        } catch (InvalidSocketException e) {
+            notifyErrorCallback(cb, e.error);
+            return;
+        } catch (InvalidPacketException e) {
+            notifyErrorCallback(cb, e.getError());
+            return;
+        }
+        KeepaliveInfo ki = null;
+        try {
+            ki = new KeepaliveInfo(cb, nai, packet, intervalSeconds,
+                    KeepaliveInfo.TYPE_TCP, fd);
+        } catch (InvalidSocketException | IllegalArgumentException | SecurityException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Fail to construct keepalive e=" + e);
+            notifyErrorCallback(cb, ERROR_INVALID_SOCKET);
+            return;
+        }
+        Log.d(TAG, "Created keepalive: " + ki.toString());
+        mConnectivityServiceHandler.obtainMessage(CMD_START_SOCKET_KEEPALIVE, ki).sendToTarget();
+    }
+
+   /**
+    * Called when requesting that keepalives be started on a IPsec NAT-T socket. This function is
+    * identical to {@link #startNattKeepalive}, but also takes a {@code resourceId}, which is the
+    * resource index bound to the {@link UdpEncapsulationSocket} when creating by
+    * {@link com.android.server.IpSecService} to verify whether the given
+    * {@link UdpEncapsulationSocket} is legitimate.
+    **/
+    public void startNattKeepalive(@Nullable NetworkAgentInfo nai,
+            @Nullable FileDescriptor fd,
+            int resourceId,
+            int intervalSeconds,
+            @NonNull ISocketKeepaliveCallback cb,
+            @NonNull String srcAddrString,
+            @NonNull String dstAddrString,
+            int dstPort) {
+        // Ensure that the socket is created by IpSecService.
+        if (!isNattKeepaliveSocketValid(fd, resourceId)) {
+            notifyErrorCallback(cb, ERROR_INVALID_SOCKET);
+        }
+
+        // Get src port to adopt old API.
+        int srcPort = 0;
+        try {
+            final SocketAddress srcSockAddr = Os.getsockname(fd);
+            srcPort = ((InetSocketAddress) srcSockAddr).getPort();
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            notifyErrorCallback(cb, ERROR_INVALID_SOCKET);
+        }
+
+        // Forward request to old API.
+        startNattKeepalive(nai, fd, intervalSeconds, cb, srcAddrString, srcPort,
+                dstAddrString, dstPort);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verify if the IPsec NAT-T file descriptor and resource Id hold for IPsec keepalive is valid.
+     **/
+    public static boolean isNattKeepaliveSocketValid(@Nullable FileDescriptor fd, int resourceId) {
+        // TODO: 1. confirm whether the fd is called from system api or created by IpSecService.
+        //       2. If the fd is created from the system api, check that it's bounded. And
+        //          call dup to keep the fd open.
+        //       3. If the fd is created from IpSecService, check if the resource ID is valid. And
+        //          hold the resource needed in IpSecService.
+        if (null == fd) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public void dump(IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
+        pw.println("Supported Socket keepalives: " + Arrays.toString(mSupportedKeepalives));
+        pw.println("Reserved Privileged keepalives: " + mReservedPrivilegedSlots);
+        pw.println("Allowed Unprivileged keepalives per uid: " + mAllowedUnprivilegedSlotsForUid);
+        pw.println("Socket keepalives:");
+        pw.increaseIndent();
+        for (NetworkAgentInfo nai : mKeepalives.keySet()) {
+            pw.println(nai.toShortString());
+            pw.increaseIndent();
+            for (int slot : mKeepalives.get(nai).keySet()) {
+                KeepaliveInfo ki = mKeepalives.get(nai).get(slot);
+                pw.println(slot + ": " + ki.toString());
+            }
+            pw.decreaseIndent();
+        }
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/LingerMonitor.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/LingerMonitor.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..032612c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/LingerMonitor.java
@@ -0,0 +1,330 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.NETID_UNSET;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.app.PendingIntent;
+import android.content.ComponentName;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.res.Resources;
+import android.net.ConnectivityResources;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+import android.text.format.DateUtils;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.SparseArray;
+import android.util.SparseBooleanArray;
+import android.util.SparseIntArray;
+
+import com.android.connectivity.resources.R;
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.internal.util.MessageUtils;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkNotificationManager.NotificationType;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+
+/**
+ * Class that monitors default network linger events and possibly notifies the user of network
+ * switches.
+ *
+ * This class is not thread-safe and all its methods must be called on the ConnectivityService
+ * handler thread.
+ */
+public class LingerMonitor {
+
+    private static final boolean DBG = true;
+    private static final boolean VDBG = false;
+    private static final String TAG = LingerMonitor.class.getSimpleName();
+
+    public static final int DEFAULT_NOTIFICATION_DAILY_LIMIT = 3;
+    public static final long DEFAULT_NOTIFICATION_RATE_LIMIT_MILLIS = DateUtils.MINUTE_IN_MILLIS;
+
+    private static final HashMap<String, Integer> TRANSPORT_NAMES = makeTransportToNameMap();
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static final Intent CELLULAR_SETTINGS = new Intent().setComponent(new ComponentName(
+            "com.android.settings", "com.android.settings.Settings$DataUsageSummaryActivity"));
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static final int NOTIFY_TYPE_NONE         = 0;
+    public static final int NOTIFY_TYPE_NOTIFICATION = 1;
+    public static final int NOTIFY_TYPE_TOAST        = 2;
+
+    private static SparseArray<String> sNotifyTypeNames = MessageUtils.findMessageNames(
+            new Class[] { LingerMonitor.class }, new String[]{ "NOTIFY_TYPE_" });
+
+    private final Context mContext;
+    final Resources mResources;
+    private final NetworkNotificationManager mNotifier;
+    private final int mDailyLimit;
+    private final long mRateLimitMillis;
+
+    private long mFirstNotificationMillis;
+    private long mLastNotificationMillis;
+    private int mNotificationCounter;
+
+    /** Current notifications. Maps the netId we switched away from to the netId we switched to. */
+    private final SparseIntArray mNotifications = new SparseIntArray();
+
+    /** Whether we ever notified that we switched away from a particular network. */
+    private final SparseBooleanArray mEverNotified = new SparseBooleanArray();
+
+    public LingerMonitor(Context context, NetworkNotificationManager notifier,
+            int dailyLimit, long rateLimitMillis) {
+        mContext = context;
+        mResources = new ConnectivityResources(mContext).get();
+        mNotifier = notifier;
+        mDailyLimit = dailyLimit;
+        mRateLimitMillis = rateLimitMillis;
+        // Ensure that (now - mLastNotificationMillis) >= rateLimitMillis at first
+        mLastNotificationMillis = -rateLimitMillis;
+    }
+
+    private static HashMap<String, Integer> makeTransportToNameMap() {
+        SparseArray<String> numberToName = MessageUtils.findMessageNames(
+            new Class[] { NetworkCapabilities.class }, new String[]{ "TRANSPORT_" });
+        HashMap<String, Integer> nameToNumber = new HashMap<>();
+        for (int i = 0; i < numberToName.size(); i++) {
+            // MessageUtils will fail to initialize if there are duplicate constant values, so there
+            // are no duplicates here.
+            nameToNumber.put(numberToName.valueAt(i), numberToName.keyAt(i));
+        }
+        return nameToNumber;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean hasTransport(NetworkAgentInfo nai, int transport) {
+        return nai.networkCapabilities.hasTransport(transport);
+    }
+
+    private int getNotificationSource(NetworkAgentInfo toNai) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < mNotifications.size(); i++) {
+            if (mNotifications.valueAt(i) == toNai.network.getNetId()) {
+                return mNotifications.keyAt(i);
+            }
+        }
+        return NETID_UNSET;
+    }
+
+    private boolean everNotified(NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        return mEverNotified.get(nai.network.getNetId(), false);
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public boolean isNotificationEnabled(NetworkAgentInfo fromNai, NetworkAgentInfo toNai) {
+        // TODO: Evaluate moving to CarrierConfigManager.
+        String[] notifySwitches = mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_networkNotifySwitches);
+
+        if (VDBG) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "Notify on network switches: " + Arrays.toString(notifySwitches));
+        }
+
+        for (String notifySwitch : notifySwitches) {
+            if (TextUtils.isEmpty(notifySwitch)) continue;
+            String[] transports = notifySwitch.split("-", 2);
+            if (transports.length != 2) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Invalid network switch notification configuration: " + notifySwitch);
+                continue;
+            }
+            int fromTransport = TRANSPORT_NAMES.get("TRANSPORT_" + transports[0]);
+            int toTransport = TRANSPORT_NAMES.get("TRANSPORT_" + transports[1]);
+            if (hasTransport(fromNai, fromTransport) && hasTransport(toNai, toTransport)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private void showNotification(NetworkAgentInfo fromNai, NetworkAgentInfo toNai) {
+        mNotifier.showNotification(fromNai.network.getNetId(), NotificationType.NETWORK_SWITCH,
+                fromNai, toNai, createNotificationIntent(), true);
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected PendingIntent createNotificationIntent() {
+        return PendingIntent.getActivity(
+                mContext.createContextAsUser(UserHandle.CURRENT, 0 /* flags */),
+                0 /* requestCode */,
+                CELLULAR_SETTINGS,
+                PendingIntent.FLAG_CANCEL_CURRENT | PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
+    }
+
+    // Removes any notification that was put up as a result of switching to nai.
+    private void maybeStopNotifying(NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        int fromNetId = getNotificationSource(nai);
+        if (fromNetId != NETID_UNSET) {
+            mNotifications.delete(fromNetId);
+            mNotifier.clearNotification(fromNetId);
+            // Toasts can't be deleted.
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Notify the user of a network switch using a notification or a toast.
+    private void notify(NetworkAgentInfo fromNai, NetworkAgentInfo toNai, boolean forceToast) {
+        int notifyType = mResources.getInteger(R.integer.config_networkNotifySwitchType);
+        if (notifyType == NOTIFY_TYPE_NOTIFICATION && forceToast) {
+            notifyType = NOTIFY_TYPE_TOAST;
+        }
+
+        if (VDBG) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "Notify type: " + sNotifyTypeNames.get(notifyType, "" + notifyType));
+        }
+
+        switch (notifyType) {
+            case NOTIFY_TYPE_NONE:
+                return;
+            case NOTIFY_TYPE_NOTIFICATION:
+                showNotification(fromNai, toNai);
+                break;
+            case NOTIFY_TYPE_TOAST:
+                mNotifier.showToast(fromNai, toNai);
+                break;
+            default:
+                Log.e(TAG, "Unknown notify type " + notifyType);
+                return;
+        }
+
+        if (DBG) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "Notifying switch from=" + fromNai.toShortString()
+                    + " to=" + toNai.toShortString()
+                    + " type=" + sNotifyTypeNames.get(notifyType, "unknown(" + notifyType + ")"));
+        }
+
+        mNotifications.put(fromNai.network.getNetId(), toNai.network.getNetId());
+        mEverNotified.put(fromNai.network.getNetId(), true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Put up or dismiss a notification or toast for of a change in the default network if needed.
+     *
+     * Putting up a notification when switching from no network to some network is not supported
+     * and as such this method can't be called with a null |fromNai|. It can be called with a
+     * null |toNai| if there isn't a default network any more.
+     *
+     * @param fromNai switching from this NAI
+     * @param toNai switching to this NAI
+     */
+    // The default network changed from fromNai to toNai due to a change in score.
+    public void noteLingerDefaultNetwork(@NonNull final NetworkAgentInfo fromNai,
+            @Nullable final NetworkAgentInfo toNai) {
+        if (VDBG) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "noteLingerDefaultNetwork from=" + fromNai.toShortString()
+                    + " everValidated=" + fromNai.everValidated
+                    + " lastValidated=" + fromNai.lastValidated
+                    + " to=" + toNai.toShortString());
+        }
+
+        // If we are currently notifying the user because the device switched to fromNai, now that
+        // we are switching away from it we should remove the notification. This includes the case
+        // where we switch back to toNai because its score improved again (e.g., because it regained
+        // Internet access).
+        maybeStopNotifying(fromNai);
+
+        // If the network was simply lost (either because it disconnected or because it stopped
+        // being the default with no replacement), then don't show a notification.
+        if (null == toNai) return;
+
+        // If this network never validated, don't notify. Otherwise, we could do things like:
+        //
+        // 1. Unvalidated wifi connects.
+        // 2. Unvalidated mobile data connects.
+        // 3. Cell validates, and we show a notification.
+        // or:
+        // 1. User connects to wireless printer.
+        // 2. User turns on cellular data.
+        // 3. We show a notification.
+        if (!fromNai.everValidated) return;
+
+        // If this network is a captive portal, don't notify. This cannot happen on initial connect
+        // to a captive portal, because the everValidated check above will fail. However, it can
+        // happen if the captive portal reasserts itself (e.g., because its timeout fires). In that
+        // case, as soon as the captive portal reasserts itself, we'll show a sign-in notification.
+        // We don't want to overwrite that notification with this one; the user has already been
+        // notified, and of the two, the captive portal notification is the more useful one because
+        // it allows the user to sign in to the captive portal. In this case, display a toast
+        // in addition to the captive portal notification.
+        //
+        // Note that if the network we switch to is already up when the captive portal reappears,
+        // this won't work because NetworkMonitor tells ConnectivityService that the network is
+        // unvalidated (causing a switch) before asking it to show the sign in notification. In this
+        // case, the toast won't show and we'll only display the sign in notification. This is the
+        // best we can do at this time.
+        boolean forceToast = fromNai.networkCapabilities.hasCapability(
+                NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL);
+
+        // Only show the notification once, in order to avoid irritating the user every time.
+        // TODO: should we do this?
+        if (everNotified(fromNai)) {
+            if (VDBG) {
+                Log.d(TAG, "Not notifying handover from " + fromNai.toShortString()
+                        + ", already notified");
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Only show the notification if we switched away because a network became unvalidated, not
+        // because its score changed.
+        // TODO: instead of just skipping notification, keep a note of it, and show it if it becomes
+        // unvalidated.
+        if (fromNai.lastValidated) return;
+
+        if (!isNotificationEnabled(fromNai, toNai)) return;
+
+        final long now = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
+        if (isRateLimited(now) || isAboveDailyLimit(now)) return;
+
+        notify(fromNai, toNai, forceToast);
+    }
+
+    public void noteDisconnect(NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        mNotifications.delete(nai.network.getNetId());
+        mEverNotified.delete(nai.network.getNetId());
+        maybeStopNotifying(nai);
+        // No need to cancel notifications on nai: NetworkMonitor does that on disconnect.
+    }
+
+    private boolean isRateLimited(long now) {
+        final long millisSinceLast = now - mLastNotificationMillis;
+        if (millisSinceLast < mRateLimitMillis) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        mLastNotificationMillis = now;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isAboveDailyLimit(long now) {
+        if (mFirstNotificationMillis == 0) {
+            mFirstNotificationMillis = now;
+        }
+        final long millisSinceFirst = now - mFirstNotificationMillis;
+        if (millisSinceFirst > DateUtils.DAY_IN_MILLIS) {
+            mNotificationCounter = 0;
+            mFirstNotificationMillis = 0;
+        }
+        if (mNotificationCounter >= mDailyLimit) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        mNotificationCounter++;
+        return false;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/MockableSystemProperties.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/MockableSystemProperties.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a25b89a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/MockableSystemProperties.java
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import android.os.SystemProperties;
+
+public class MockableSystemProperties {
+
+    public String get(String key) {
+        return SystemProperties.get(key);
+    }
+
+    public int getInt(String key, int def) {
+        return SystemProperties.getInt(key, def);
+    }
+
+    public boolean getBoolean(String key, boolean def) {
+        return SystemProperties.getBoolean(key, def);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/Nat464Xlat.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/Nat464Xlat.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b06682
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/Nat464Xlat.java
@@ -0,0 +1,523 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils.contains;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.IDnsResolver;
+import android.net.INetd;
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.net.InterfaceConfigurationParcel;
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.NetworkInfo;
+import android.net.RouteInfo;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants;
+import com.android.server.ConnectivityService;
+
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Class to manage a 464xlat CLAT daemon. Nat464Xlat is not thread safe and should be manipulated
+ * from a consistent and unique thread context. It is the responsibility of ConnectivityService to
+ * call into this class from its own Handler thread.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class Nat464Xlat {
+    private static final String TAG = Nat464Xlat.class.getSimpleName();
+
+    // This must match the interface prefix in clatd.c.
+    private static final String CLAT_PREFIX = "v4-";
+
+    // The network types on which we will start clatd,
+    // allowing clat only on networks for which we can support IPv6-only.
+    private static final int[] NETWORK_TYPES = {
+        ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE,
+        ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI,
+        ConnectivityManager.TYPE_ETHERNET,
+    };
+
+    // The network states in which running clatd is supported.
+    private static final NetworkInfo.State[] NETWORK_STATES = {
+        NetworkInfo.State.CONNECTED,
+        NetworkInfo.State.SUSPENDED,
+    };
+
+    private final IDnsResolver mDnsResolver;
+    private final INetd mNetd;
+
+    // The network we're running on, and its type.
+    private final NetworkAgentInfo mNetwork;
+
+    private enum State {
+        IDLE,         // start() not called. Base iface and stacked iface names are null.
+        DISCOVERING,  // same as IDLE, except prefix discovery in progress.
+        STARTING,     // start() called. Base iface and stacked iface names are known.
+        RUNNING,      // start() called, and the stacked iface is known to be up.
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * NAT64 prefix currently in use. Only valid in STARTING or RUNNING states.
+     * Used, among other things, to avoid updates when switching from a prefix learned from one
+     * source (e.g., RA) to the same prefix learned from another source (e.g., RA).
+     */
+    private IpPrefix mNat64PrefixInUse;
+    /** NAT64 prefix (if any) discovered from DNS via RFC 7050. */
+    private IpPrefix mNat64PrefixFromDns;
+    /** NAT64 prefix (if any) learned from the network via RA. */
+    private IpPrefix mNat64PrefixFromRa;
+    private String mBaseIface;
+    private String mIface;
+    private Inet6Address mIPv6Address;
+    private State mState = State.IDLE;
+
+    private boolean mEnableClatOnCellular;
+    private boolean mPrefixDiscoveryRunning;
+
+    public Nat464Xlat(NetworkAgentInfo nai, INetd netd, IDnsResolver dnsResolver,
+            ConnectivityService.Dependencies deps) {
+        mDnsResolver = dnsResolver;
+        mNetd = netd;
+        mNetwork = nai;
+        mEnableClatOnCellular = deps.getCellular464XlatEnabled();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Whether to attempt 464xlat on this network. This is true for an IPv6-only network that is
+     * currently connected and where the NetworkAgent has not disabled 464xlat. It is the signal to
+     * enable NAT64 prefix discovery.
+     *
+     * @param nai the NetworkAgentInfo corresponding to the network.
+     * @return true if the network requires clat, false otherwise.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected boolean requiresClat(NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        // TODO: migrate to NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_*.
+        final boolean supported = contains(NETWORK_TYPES, nai.networkInfo.getType());
+        final boolean connected = contains(NETWORK_STATES, nai.networkInfo.getState());
+
+        // Only run clat on networks that have a global IPv6 address and don't have a native IPv4
+        // address.
+        LinkProperties lp = nai.linkProperties;
+        final boolean isIpv6OnlyNetwork = (lp != null) && lp.hasGlobalIpv6Address()
+                && !lp.hasIpv4Address();
+
+        // If the network tells us it doesn't use clat, respect that.
+        final boolean skip464xlat = (nai.netAgentConfig() != null)
+                && nai.netAgentConfig().skip464xlat;
+
+        return supported && connected && isIpv6OnlyNetwork && !skip464xlat && !nai.destroyed
+                && (nai.networkCapabilities.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                ? isCellular464XlatEnabled() : true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Whether the clat demon should be started on this network now. This is true if requiresClat is
+     * true and a NAT64 prefix has been discovered.
+     *
+     * @param nai the NetworkAgentInfo corresponding to the network.
+     * @return true if the network should start clat, false otherwise.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected boolean shouldStartClat(NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        LinkProperties lp = nai.linkProperties;
+        return requiresClat(nai) && lp != null && lp.getNat64Prefix() != null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return true if clatd has been started and has not yet stopped.
+     * A true result corresponds to internal states STARTING and RUNNING.
+     */
+    public boolean isStarted() {
+        return (mState == State.STARTING || mState == State.RUNNING);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return true if clatd has been started but the stacked interface is not yet up.
+     */
+    public boolean isStarting() {
+        return mState == State.STARTING;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return true if clatd has been started and the stacked interface is up.
+     */
+    public boolean isRunning() {
+        return mState == State.RUNNING;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start clatd, register this Nat464Xlat as a network observer for the stacked interface,
+     * and set internal state.
+     */
+    private void enterStartingState(String baseIface) {
+        mNat64PrefixInUse = selectNat64Prefix();
+        String addrStr = null;
+        try {
+            addrStr = mNetd.clatdStart(baseIface, mNat64PrefixInUse.toString());
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Error starting clatd on " + baseIface + ": " + e);
+        }
+        mIface = CLAT_PREFIX + baseIface;
+        mBaseIface = baseIface;
+        mState = State.STARTING;
+        try {
+            mIPv6Address = (Inet6Address) InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(addrStr);
+        } catch (ClassCastException | IllegalArgumentException | NullPointerException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Invalid IPv6 address " + addrStr);
+        }
+        if (mPrefixDiscoveryRunning && !isPrefixDiscoveryNeeded()) {
+            stopPrefixDiscovery();
+        }
+        if (!mPrefixDiscoveryRunning) {
+            setPrefix64(mNat64PrefixInUse);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Enter running state just after getting confirmation that the stacked interface is up, and
+     * turn ND offload off if on WiFi.
+     */
+    private void enterRunningState() {
+        mState = State.RUNNING;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unregister as a base observer for the stacked interface, and clear internal state.
+     */
+    private void leaveStartedState() {
+        mNat64PrefixInUse = null;
+        mIface = null;
+        mBaseIface = null;
+
+        if (!mPrefixDiscoveryRunning) {
+            setPrefix64(null);
+        }
+
+        if (isPrefixDiscoveryNeeded()) {
+            if (!mPrefixDiscoveryRunning) {
+                startPrefixDiscovery();
+            }
+            mState = State.DISCOVERING;
+        } else {
+            stopPrefixDiscovery();
+            mState = State.IDLE;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected void start() {
+        if (isStarted()) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "startClat: already started");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        String baseIface = mNetwork.linkProperties.getInterfaceName();
+        if (baseIface == null) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "startClat: Can't start clat on null interface");
+            return;
+        }
+        // TODO: should we only do this if mNetd.clatdStart() succeeds?
+        Log.i(TAG, "Starting clatd on " + baseIface);
+        enterStartingState(baseIface);
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected void stop() {
+        if (!isStarted()) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "stopClat: already stopped");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Log.i(TAG, "Stopping clatd on " + mBaseIface);
+        try {
+            mNetd.clatdStop(mBaseIface);
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Error stopping clatd on " + mBaseIface + ": " + e);
+        }
+
+        String iface = mIface;
+        boolean wasRunning = isRunning();
+
+        // Change state before updating LinkProperties. handleUpdateLinkProperties ends up calling
+        // fixupLinkProperties, and if at that time the state is still RUNNING, fixupLinkProperties
+        // would wrongly inform ConnectivityService that there is still a stacked interface.
+        leaveStartedState();
+
+        if (wasRunning) {
+            LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties(mNetwork.linkProperties);
+            lp.removeStackedLink(iface);
+            mNetwork.connService().handleUpdateLinkProperties(mNetwork, lp);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void startPrefixDiscovery() {
+        try {
+            mDnsResolver.startPrefix64Discovery(getNetId());
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Error starting prefix discovery on netId " + getNetId() + ": " + e);
+        }
+        mPrefixDiscoveryRunning = true;
+    }
+
+    private void stopPrefixDiscovery() {
+        try {
+            mDnsResolver.stopPrefix64Discovery(getNetId());
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Error stopping prefix discovery on netId " + getNetId() + ": " + e);
+        }
+        mPrefixDiscoveryRunning = false;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isPrefixDiscoveryNeeded() {
+        // If there is no NAT64 prefix in the RA, prefix discovery is always needed. It cannot be
+        // stopped after it succeeds, because stopping it will cause netd to report that the prefix
+        // has been removed, and that will cause us to stop clatd.
+        return requiresClat(mNetwork) && mNat64PrefixFromRa == null;
+    }
+
+    private void setPrefix64(IpPrefix prefix) {
+        final String prefixString = (prefix != null) ? prefix.toString() : "";
+        try {
+            mDnsResolver.setPrefix64(getNetId(), prefixString);
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Error setting NAT64 prefix on netId " + getNetId() + " to "
+                    + prefix + ": " + e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void maybeHandleNat64PrefixChange() {
+        final IpPrefix newPrefix = selectNat64Prefix();
+        if (!Objects.equals(mNat64PrefixInUse, newPrefix)) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "NAT64 prefix changed from " + mNat64PrefixInUse + " to "
+                    + newPrefix);
+            stop();
+            // It's safe to call update here, even though this method is called from update, because
+            // stop() is guaranteed to have moved out of STARTING and RUNNING, which are the only
+            // states in which this method can be called.
+            update();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Starts/stops NAT64 prefix discovery and clatd as necessary.
+     */
+    public void update() {
+        // TODO: turn this class into a proper StateMachine. http://b/126113090
+        switch (mState) {
+            case IDLE:
+                if (isPrefixDiscoveryNeeded()) {
+                    startPrefixDiscovery();  // Enters DISCOVERING state.
+                    mState = State.DISCOVERING;
+                } else if (requiresClat(mNetwork)) {
+                    start();  // Enters STARTING state.
+                }
+                break;
+
+            case DISCOVERING:
+                if (shouldStartClat(mNetwork)) {
+                    // NAT64 prefix detected. Start clatd.
+                    start();  // Enters STARTING state.
+                    return;
+                }
+                if (!requiresClat(mNetwork)) {
+                    // IPv4 address added. Go back to IDLE state.
+                    stopPrefixDiscovery();
+                    mState = State.IDLE;
+                    return;
+                }
+                break;
+
+            case STARTING:
+            case RUNNING:
+                // NAT64 prefix removed, or IPv4 address added.
+                // Stop clatd and go back into DISCOVERING or idle.
+                if (!shouldStartClat(mNetwork)) {
+                    stop();
+                    break;
+                }
+                // Only necessary while clat is actually started.
+                maybeHandleNat64PrefixChange();
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Picks a NAT64 prefix to use. Always prefers the prefix from the RA if one is received from
+     * both RA and DNS, because the prefix in the RA has better security and updatability, and will
+     * almost always be received first anyway.
+     *
+     * Any network that supports legacy hosts will support discovering the DNS64 prefix via DNS as
+     * well. If the prefix from the RA is withdrawn, fall back to that for reliability purposes.
+     */
+    private IpPrefix selectNat64Prefix() {
+        return mNat64PrefixFromRa != null ? mNat64PrefixFromRa : mNat64PrefixFromDns;
+    }
+
+    public void setNat64PrefixFromRa(IpPrefix prefix) {
+        mNat64PrefixFromRa = prefix;
+    }
+
+    public void setNat64PrefixFromDns(IpPrefix prefix) {
+        mNat64PrefixFromDns = prefix;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Copies the stacked clat link in oldLp, if any, to the passed LinkProperties.
+     * This is necessary because the LinkProperties in mNetwork come from the transport layer, which
+     * has no idea that 464xlat is running on top of it.
+     */
+    public void fixupLinkProperties(@NonNull LinkProperties oldLp, @NonNull LinkProperties lp) {
+        // This must be done even if clatd is not running, because otherwise shouldStartClat would
+        // never return true.
+        lp.setNat64Prefix(selectNat64Prefix());
+
+        if (!isRunning()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (lp.getAllInterfaceNames().contains(mIface)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Log.d(TAG, "clatd running, updating NAI for " + mIface);
+        for (LinkProperties stacked: oldLp.getStackedLinks()) {
+            if (Objects.equals(mIface, stacked.getInterfaceName())) {
+                lp.addStackedLink(stacked);
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private LinkProperties makeLinkProperties(LinkAddress clatAddress) {
+        LinkProperties stacked = new LinkProperties();
+        stacked.setInterfaceName(mIface);
+
+        // Although the clat interface is a point-to-point tunnel, we don't
+        // point the route directly at the interface because some apps don't
+        // understand routes without gateways (see, e.g., http://b/9597256
+        // http://b/9597516). Instead, set the next hop of the route to the
+        // clat IPv4 address itself (for those apps, it doesn't matter what
+        // the IP of the gateway is, only that there is one).
+        RouteInfo ipv4Default = new RouteInfo(
+                new LinkAddress(NetworkStackConstants.IPV4_ADDR_ANY, 0),
+                clatAddress.getAddress(), mIface);
+        stacked.addRoute(ipv4Default);
+        stacked.addLinkAddress(clatAddress);
+        return stacked;
+    }
+
+    private LinkAddress getLinkAddress(String iface) {
+        try {
+            final InterfaceConfigurationParcel config = mNetd.interfaceGetCfg(iface);
+            return new LinkAddress(
+                    InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(config.ipv4Addr), config.prefixLength);
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException | RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Error getting link properties: " + e);
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds stacked link on base link and transitions to RUNNING state.
+     */
+    private void handleInterfaceLinkStateChanged(String iface, boolean up) {
+        // TODO: if we call start(), then stop(), then start() again, and the
+        // interfaceLinkStateChanged notification for the first start is delayed past the first
+        // stop, then the code becomes out of sync with system state and will behave incorrectly.
+        //
+        // This is not trivial to fix because:
+        // 1. It is not guaranteed that start() will eventually result in the interface coming up,
+        //    because there could be an error starting clat (e.g., if the interface goes down before
+        //    the packet socket can be bound).
+        // 2. If start is called multiple times, there is nothing in the interfaceLinkStateChanged
+        //    notification that says which start() call the interface was created by.
+        //
+        // Once this code is converted to StateMachine, it will be possible to use deferMessage to
+        // ensure it stays in STARTING state until the interfaceLinkStateChanged notification fires,
+        // and possibly use a timeout (or provide some guarantees at the lower layer) to address #1.
+        if (!isStarting() || !up || !Objects.equals(mIface, iface)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        LinkAddress clatAddress = getLinkAddress(iface);
+        if (clatAddress == null) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "clatAddress was null for stacked iface " + iface);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Log.i(TAG, String.format("interface %s is up, adding stacked link %s on top of %s",
+                mIface, mIface, mBaseIface));
+        enterRunningState();
+        LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties(mNetwork.linkProperties);
+        lp.addStackedLink(makeLinkProperties(clatAddress));
+        mNetwork.connService().handleUpdateLinkProperties(mNetwork, lp);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes stacked link on base link and transitions to IDLE state.
+     */
+    private void handleInterfaceRemoved(String iface) {
+        if (!Objects.equals(mIface, iface)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (!isRunning()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Log.i(TAG, "interface " + iface + " removed");
+        // If we're running, and the interface was removed, then we didn't call stop(), and it's
+        // likely that clatd crashed. Ensure we call stop() so we can start clatd again. Calling
+        // stop() will also update LinkProperties, and if clatd crashed, the LinkProperties update
+        // will cause ConnectivityService to call start() again.
+        stop();
+    }
+
+    public void interfaceLinkStateChanged(String iface, boolean up) {
+        mNetwork.handler().post(() -> { handleInterfaceLinkStateChanged(iface, up); });
+    }
+
+    public void interfaceRemoved(String iface) {
+        mNetwork.handler().post(() -> handleInterfaceRemoved(iface));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "mBaseIface: " + mBaseIface + ", mIface: " + mIface + ", mState: " + mState;
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected int getNetId() {
+        return mNetwork.network.getNetId();
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected boolean isCellular464XlatEnabled() {
+        return mEnableClatOnCellular;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b73e2cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1312 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityReport;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.transportNamesOf;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.CaptivePortalData;
+import android.net.DscpPolicy;
+import android.net.IDnsResolver;
+import android.net.INetd;
+import android.net.INetworkAgent;
+import android.net.INetworkAgentRegistry;
+import android.net.INetworkMonitor;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.NattKeepalivePacketData;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkAgent;
+import android.net.NetworkAgentConfig;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkInfo;
+import android.net.NetworkMonitorManager;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.net.NetworkScore;
+import android.net.NetworkStateSnapshot;
+import android.net.QosCallbackException;
+import android.net.QosFilter;
+import android.net.QosFilterParcelable;
+import android.net.QosSession;
+import android.net.TcpKeepalivePacketData;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+import android.telephony.data.EpsBearerQosSessionAttributes;
+import android.telephony.data.NrQosSessionAttributes;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.Pair;
+import android.util.SparseArray;
+
+import com.android.internal.util.WakeupMessage;
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+import com.android.server.ConnectivityService;
+
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.SortedSet;
+import java.util.TreeSet;
+
+/**
+ * A bag class used by ConnectivityService for holding a collection of most recent
+ * information published by a particular NetworkAgent as well as the
+ * AsyncChannel/messenger for reaching that NetworkAgent and lists of NetworkRequests
+ * interested in using it.  Default sort order is descending by score.
+ */
+// States of a network:
+// --------------------
+// 1. registered, uncreated, disconnected, unvalidated
+//    This state is entered when a NetworkFactory registers a NetworkAgent in any state except
+//    the CONNECTED state.
+// 2. registered, uncreated, connecting, unvalidated
+//    This state is entered when a registered NetworkAgent for a VPN network transitions to the
+//    CONNECTING state (TODO: go through this state for every network, not just VPNs).
+//    ConnectivityService will tell netd to create the network early in order to add extra UID
+//    routing rules referencing the netID. These rules need to be in place before the network is
+//    connected to avoid racing against client apps trying to connect to a half-setup network.
+// 3. registered, uncreated, connected, unvalidated
+//    This state is entered when a registered NetworkAgent transitions to the CONNECTED state.
+//    ConnectivityService will tell netd to create the network if it was not already created, and
+//    immediately transition to state #4.
+// 4. registered, created, connected, unvalidated
+//    If this network can satisfy the default NetworkRequest, then NetworkMonitor will
+//    probe for Internet connectivity.
+//    If this network cannot satisfy the default NetworkRequest, it will immediately be
+//    transitioned to state #5.
+//    A network may remain in this state if NetworkMonitor fails to find Internet connectivity,
+//    for example:
+//    a. a captive portal is present, or
+//    b. a WiFi router whose Internet backhaul is down, or
+//    c. a wireless connection stops transfering packets temporarily (e.g. device is in elevator
+//       or tunnel) but does not disconnect from the AP/cell tower, or
+//    d. a stand-alone device offering a WiFi AP without an uplink for configuration purposes.
+// 5. registered, created, connected, validated
+// 6. registered, created, connected, (validated or unvalidated), destroyed
+//    This is an optional state where the underlying native network is destroyed but the network is
+//    still connected for scoring purposes, so can satisfy requests, including the default request.
+//    It is used when the transport layer wants to replace a network with another network (e.g.,
+//    when Wi-Fi has roamed to a different BSSID that is part of a different L3 network) and does
+//    not want the device to switch to another network until the replacement connects and validates.
+//
+// The device's default network connection:
+// ----------------------------------------
+// Networks in states #4 and #5 may be used as a device's default network connection if they
+// satisfy the default NetworkRequest.
+// A network, that satisfies the default NetworkRequest, in state #5 should always be chosen
+// in favor of a network, that satisfies the default NetworkRequest, in state #4.
+// When deciding between two networks, that both satisfy the default NetworkRequest, to select
+// for the default network connection, the one with the higher score should be chosen.
+//
+// When a network disconnects:
+// ---------------------------
+// If a network's transport disappears, for example:
+// a. WiFi turned off, or
+// b. cellular data turned off, or
+// c. airplane mode is turned on, or
+// d. a wireless connection disconnects from AP/cell tower entirely (e.g. device is out of range
+//    of AP for an extended period of time, or switches to another AP without roaming)
+// then that network can transition from any state (#1-#5) to unregistered.  This happens by
+// the transport disconnecting their NetworkAgent's AsyncChannel with ConnectivityManager.
+// ConnectivityService also tells netd to destroy the network.
+//
+// When ConnectivityService disconnects a network:
+// -----------------------------------------------
+// If a network is just connected, ConnectivityService will think it will be used soon, but might
+// not be used. Thus, a 5s timer will be held to prevent the network being torn down immediately.
+// This "nascent" state is implemented by the "lingering" logic below without relating to any
+// request, and is used in some cases where network requests race with network establishment. The
+// nascent state ends when the 5-second timer fires, or as soon as the network satisfies a
+// request, whichever is earlier. In this state, the network is considered in the background.
+//
+// If a network has no chance of satisfying any requests (even if it were to become validated
+// and enter state #5), ConnectivityService will disconnect the NetworkAgent's AsyncChannel.
+//
+// If the network was satisfying a foreground NetworkRequest (i.e. had been the highest scoring that
+// satisfied the NetworkRequest's constraints), but is no longer the highest scoring network for any
+// foreground NetworkRequest, then there will be a 30s pause to allow network communication to be
+// wrapped up rather than abruptly terminated. During this pause the network is said to be
+// "lingering". During this pause if the network begins satisfying a foreground NetworkRequest,
+// ConnectivityService will cancel the future disconnection of the NetworkAgent's AsyncChannel, and
+// the network is no longer considered "lingering". After the linger timer expires, if the network
+// is satisfying one or more background NetworkRequests it is kept up in the background. If it is
+// not, ConnectivityService disconnects the NetworkAgent's AsyncChannel.
+public class NetworkAgentInfo implements Comparable<NetworkAgentInfo>, NetworkRanker.Scoreable {
+
+    @NonNull public NetworkInfo networkInfo;
+    // This Network object should always be used if possible, so as to encourage reuse of the
+    // enclosed socket factory and connection pool.  Avoid creating other Network objects.
+    // This Network object is always valid.
+    @NonNull public final Network network;
+    @NonNull public LinkProperties linkProperties;
+    // This should only be modified by ConnectivityService, via setNetworkCapabilities().
+    // TODO: make this private with a getter.
+    @NonNull public NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities;
+    @NonNull public final NetworkAgentConfig networkAgentConfig;
+
+    // Underlying networks declared by the agent.
+    // The networks in this list might be declared by a VPN using setUnderlyingNetworks and are
+    // not guaranteed to be current or correct, or even to exist.
+    //
+    // This array is read and iterated on multiple threads with no locking so its contents must
+    // never be modified. When the list of networks changes, replace with a new array, on the
+    // handler thread.
+    public @Nullable volatile Network[] declaredUnderlyingNetworks;
+
+    // The capabilities originally announced by the NetworkAgent, regardless of any capabilities
+    // that were added or removed due to this network's underlying networks.
+    // Only set if #propagateUnderlyingCapabilities is true.
+    public @Nullable NetworkCapabilities declaredCapabilities;
+
+    // Indicates if netd has been told to create this Network. From this point on the appropriate
+    // routing rules are setup and routes are added so packets can begin flowing over the Network.
+    // This is a sticky bit; once set it is never cleared.
+    public boolean created;
+    // Set to true after the first time this network is marked as CONNECTED. Once set, the network
+    // shows up in API calls, is able to satisfy NetworkRequests and can become the default network.
+    // This is a sticky bit; once set it is never cleared.
+    public boolean everConnected;
+    // Whether this network has been destroyed and is being kept temporarily until it is replaced.
+    public boolean destroyed;
+    // To check how long it has been since last roam.
+    public long lastRoamTimestamp;
+
+    // Set to true if this Network successfully passed validation or if it did not satisfy the
+    // default NetworkRequest in which case validation will not be attempted.
+    // This is a sticky bit; once set it is never cleared even if future validation attempts fail.
+    public boolean everValidated;
+
+    // The result of the last validation attempt on this network (true if validated, false if not).
+    public boolean lastValidated;
+
+    // If true, becoming unvalidated will lower the network's score. This is only meaningful if the
+    // system is configured not to do this for certain networks, e.g., if the
+    // config_networkAvoidBadWifi option is set to 0 and the user has not overridden that via
+    // Settings.Global.NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI.
+    public boolean avoidUnvalidated;
+
+    // Whether a captive portal was ever detected on this network.
+    // This is a sticky bit; once set it is never cleared.
+    public boolean everCaptivePortalDetected;
+
+    // Whether a captive portal was found during the last network validation attempt.
+    public boolean lastCaptivePortalDetected;
+
+    // Set to true when partial connectivity was detected.
+    public boolean partialConnectivity;
+
+    // Delay between when the network is disconnected and when the native network is destroyed.
+    public int teardownDelayMs;
+
+    // Captive portal info of the network from RFC8908, if any.
+    // Obtained by ConnectivityService and merged into NetworkAgent-provided information.
+    public CaptivePortalData capportApiData;
+
+    // The UID of the remote entity that created this Network.
+    public final int creatorUid;
+
+    // Network agent portal info of the network, if any. This information is provided from
+    // non-RFC8908 sources, such as Wi-Fi Passpoint, which can provide information such as Venue
+    // URL, Terms & Conditions URL, and network friendly name.
+    public CaptivePortalData networkAgentPortalData;
+
+    // Networks are lingered when they become unneeded as a result of their NetworkRequests being
+    // satisfied by a higher-scoring network. so as to allow communication to wrap up before the
+    // network is taken down.  This usually only happens to the default network. Lingering ends with
+    // either the linger timeout expiring and the network being taken down, or the network
+    // satisfying a request again.
+    public static class InactivityTimer implements Comparable<InactivityTimer> {
+        public final int requestId;
+        public final long expiryMs;
+
+        public InactivityTimer(int requestId, long expiryMs) {
+            this.requestId = requestId;
+            this.expiryMs = expiryMs;
+        }
+        public boolean equals(Object o) {
+            if (!(o instanceof InactivityTimer)) return false;
+            InactivityTimer other = (InactivityTimer) o;
+            return (requestId == other.requestId) && (expiryMs == other.expiryMs);
+        }
+        public int hashCode() {
+            return Objects.hash(requestId, expiryMs);
+        }
+        public int compareTo(InactivityTimer other) {
+            return (expiryMs != other.expiryMs) ?
+                    Long.compare(expiryMs, other.expiryMs) :
+                    Integer.compare(requestId, other.requestId);
+        }
+        public String toString() {
+            return String.format("%s, expires %dms", requestId,
+                    expiryMs - SystemClock.elapsedRealtime());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Inform ConnectivityService that the network LINGER period has
+     * expired.
+     * obj = this NetworkAgentInfo
+     */
+    public static final int EVENT_NETWORK_LINGER_COMPLETE = 1001;
+
+    /**
+     * Inform ConnectivityService that the agent is half-connected.
+     * arg1 = ARG_AGENT_SUCCESS or ARG_AGENT_FAILURE
+     * obj = NetworkAgentInfo
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int EVENT_AGENT_REGISTERED = 1002;
+
+    /**
+     * Inform ConnectivityService that the agent was disconnected.
+     * obj = NetworkAgentInfo
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int EVENT_AGENT_DISCONNECTED = 1003;
+
+    /**
+     * Argument for EVENT_AGENT_HALF_CONNECTED indicating failure.
+     */
+    public static final int ARG_AGENT_FAILURE = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Argument for EVENT_AGENT_HALF_CONNECTED indicating success.
+     */
+    public static final int ARG_AGENT_SUCCESS = 1;
+
+    // How long this network should linger for.
+    private int mLingerDurationMs;
+
+    // All inactivity timers for this network, sorted by expiry time. A timer is added whenever
+    // a request is moved to a network with a better score, regardless of whether the network is or
+    // was lingering or not. An inactivity timer is also added when a network connects
+    // without immediately satisfying any requests.
+    // TODO: determine if we can replace this with a smaller or unsorted data structure. (e.g.,
+    // SparseLongArray) combined with the timestamp of when the last timer is scheduled to fire.
+    private final SortedSet<InactivityTimer> mInactivityTimers = new TreeSet<>();
+
+    // For fast lookups. Indexes into mInactivityTimers by request ID.
+    private final SparseArray<InactivityTimer> mInactivityTimerForRequest = new SparseArray<>();
+
+    // Inactivity expiry timer. Armed whenever mInactivityTimers is non-empty, regardless of
+    // whether the network is inactive or not. Always set to the expiry of the mInactivityTimers
+    // that expires last. When the timer fires, all inactivity state is cleared, and if the network
+    // has no requests, it is torn down.
+    private WakeupMessage mInactivityMessage;
+
+    // Inactivity expiry. Holds the expiry time of the inactivity timer, or 0 if the timer is not
+    // armed.
+    private long mInactivityExpiryMs;
+
+    // Whether the network is inactive or not. Must be maintained separately from the above because
+    // it depends on the state of other networks and requests, which only ConnectivityService knows.
+    // (Example: we don't linger a network if it would become the best for a NetworkRequest if it
+    // validated).
+    private boolean mInactive;
+
+    // This represents the quality of the network. As opposed to NetworkScore, FullScore includes
+    // the ConnectivityService-managed bits.
+    private FullScore mScore;
+
+    // The list of NetworkRequests being satisfied by this Network.
+    private final SparseArray<NetworkRequest> mNetworkRequests = new SparseArray<>();
+
+    // How many of the satisfied requests are actual requests and not listens.
+    private int mNumRequestNetworkRequests = 0;
+
+    // How many of the satisfied requests are of type BACKGROUND_REQUEST.
+    private int mNumBackgroundNetworkRequests = 0;
+
+    // The last ConnectivityReport made available for this network. This value is only null before a
+    // report is generated. Once non-null, it will never be null again.
+    @Nullable private ConnectivityReport mConnectivityReport;
+
+    public final INetworkAgent networkAgent;
+    // Only accessed from ConnectivityService handler thread
+    private final AgentDeathMonitor mDeathMonitor = new AgentDeathMonitor();
+
+    public final int factorySerialNumber;
+
+    // Used by ConnectivityService to keep track of 464xlat.
+    public final Nat464Xlat clatd;
+
+    // Set after asynchronous creation of the NetworkMonitor.
+    private volatile NetworkMonitorManager mNetworkMonitor;
+
+    private static final String TAG = ConnectivityService.class.getSimpleName();
+    private static final boolean VDBG = false;
+    private final ConnectivityService mConnService;
+    private final Context mContext;
+    private final Handler mHandler;
+    private final QosCallbackTracker mQosCallbackTracker;
+
+    public NetworkAgentInfo(INetworkAgent na, Network net, NetworkInfo info,
+            @NonNull LinkProperties lp, @NonNull NetworkCapabilities nc,
+            @NonNull NetworkScore score, Context context,
+            Handler handler, NetworkAgentConfig config, ConnectivityService connService, INetd netd,
+            IDnsResolver dnsResolver, int factorySerialNumber, int creatorUid,
+            int lingerDurationMs, QosCallbackTracker qosCallbackTracker,
+            ConnectivityService.Dependencies deps) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(net);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(info);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(lp);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(nc);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(context);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(config);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(qosCallbackTracker);
+        networkAgent = na;
+        network = net;
+        networkInfo = info;
+        linkProperties = lp;
+        networkCapabilities = nc;
+        networkAgentConfig = config;
+        mConnService = connService;
+        setScore(score); // uses members connService, networkCapabilities and networkAgentConfig
+        clatd = new Nat464Xlat(this, netd, dnsResolver, deps);
+        mContext = context;
+        mHandler = handler;
+        this.factorySerialNumber = factorySerialNumber;
+        this.creatorUid = creatorUid;
+        mLingerDurationMs = lingerDurationMs;
+        mQosCallbackTracker = qosCallbackTracker;
+        declaredUnderlyingNetworks = (nc.getUnderlyingNetworks() != null)
+                ? nc.getUnderlyingNetworks().toArray(new Network[0])
+                : null;
+    }
+
+    private class AgentDeathMonitor implements IBinder.DeathRecipient {
+        @Override
+        public void binderDied() {
+            notifyDisconnected();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Notify the NetworkAgent that it was registered, and should be unregistered if it dies.
+     *
+     * Must be called from the ConnectivityService handler thread. A NetworkAgent can only be
+     * registered once.
+     */
+    public void notifyRegistered() {
+        try {
+            networkAgent.asBinder().linkToDeath(mDeathMonitor, 0);
+            networkAgent.onRegistered(new NetworkAgentMessageHandler(mHandler));
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Error registering NetworkAgent", e);
+            maybeUnlinkDeathMonitor();
+            mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_AGENT_REGISTERED, ARG_AGENT_FAILURE, 0, this)
+                    .sendToTarget();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_AGENT_REGISTERED, ARG_AGENT_SUCCESS, 0, this).sendToTarget();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Disconnect the NetworkAgent. Must be called from the ConnectivityService handler thread.
+     */
+    public void disconnect() {
+        try {
+            networkAgent.onDisconnected();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "Error disconnecting NetworkAgent", e);
+            // Fall through: it's fine if the remote has died
+        }
+
+        notifyDisconnected();
+        maybeUnlinkDeathMonitor();
+    }
+
+    private void maybeUnlinkDeathMonitor() {
+        try {
+            networkAgent.asBinder().unlinkToDeath(mDeathMonitor, 0);
+        } catch (NoSuchElementException e) {
+            // Was not linked: ignore
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void notifyDisconnected() {
+        // Note this may be called multiple times if ConnectivityService disconnects while the
+        // NetworkAgent also dies. ConnectivityService ignores disconnects of already disconnected
+        // agents.
+        mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_AGENT_DISCONNECTED, this).sendToTarget();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Notify the NetworkAgent that bandwidth update was requested.
+     */
+    public void onBandwidthUpdateRequested() {
+        try {
+            networkAgent.onBandwidthUpdateRequested();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Error sending bandwidth update request event", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Notify the NetworkAgent that validation status has changed.
+     */
+    public void onValidationStatusChanged(int validationStatus, @Nullable String captivePortalUrl) {
+        try {
+            networkAgent.onValidationStatusChanged(validationStatus, captivePortalUrl);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Error sending validation status change event", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Notify the NetworkAgent that the acceptUnvalidated setting should be saved.
+     */
+    public void onSaveAcceptUnvalidated(boolean acceptUnvalidated) {
+        try {
+            networkAgent.onSaveAcceptUnvalidated(acceptUnvalidated);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Error sending accept unvalidated event", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Notify the NetworkAgent that NATT socket keepalive should be started.
+     */
+    public void onStartNattSocketKeepalive(int slot, int intervalDurationMs,
+            @NonNull NattKeepalivePacketData packetData) {
+        try {
+            networkAgent.onStartNattSocketKeepalive(slot, intervalDurationMs, packetData);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Error sending NATT socket keepalive start event", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Notify the NetworkAgent that TCP socket keepalive should be started.
+     */
+    public void onStartTcpSocketKeepalive(int slot, int intervalDurationMs,
+            @NonNull TcpKeepalivePacketData packetData) {
+        try {
+            networkAgent.onStartTcpSocketKeepalive(slot, intervalDurationMs, packetData);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Error sending TCP socket keepalive start event", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Notify the NetworkAgent that socket keepalive should be stopped.
+     */
+    public void onStopSocketKeepalive(int slot) {
+        try {
+            networkAgent.onStopSocketKeepalive(slot);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Error sending TCP socket keepalive stop event", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Notify the NetworkAgent that signal strength thresholds should be updated.
+     */
+    public void onSignalStrengthThresholdsUpdated(@NonNull int[] thresholds) {
+        try {
+            networkAgent.onSignalStrengthThresholdsUpdated(thresholds);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Error sending signal strength thresholds event", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Notify the NetworkAgent that automatic reconnect should be prevented.
+     */
+    public void onPreventAutomaticReconnect() {
+        try {
+            networkAgent.onPreventAutomaticReconnect();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Error sending prevent automatic reconnect event", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Notify the NetworkAgent that a NATT keepalive packet filter should be added.
+     */
+    public void onAddNattKeepalivePacketFilter(int slot,
+            @NonNull NattKeepalivePacketData packetData) {
+        try {
+            networkAgent.onAddNattKeepalivePacketFilter(slot, packetData);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Error sending add NATT keepalive packet filter event", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Notify the NetworkAgent that a TCP keepalive packet filter should be added.
+     */
+    public void onAddTcpKeepalivePacketFilter(int slot,
+            @NonNull TcpKeepalivePacketData packetData) {
+        try {
+            networkAgent.onAddTcpKeepalivePacketFilter(slot, packetData);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Error sending add TCP keepalive packet filter event", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Notify the NetworkAgent that a keepalive packet filter should be removed.
+     */
+    public void onRemoveKeepalivePacketFilter(int slot) {
+        try {
+            networkAgent.onRemoveKeepalivePacketFilter(slot);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Error sending remove keepalive packet filter event", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Notify the NetworkAgent that the qos filter should be registered against the given qos
+     * callback id.
+     */
+    public void onQosFilterCallbackRegistered(final int qosCallbackId,
+            final QosFilter qosFilter) {
+        try {
+            networkAgent.onQosFilterCallbackRegistered(qosCallbackId,
+                    new QosFilterParcelable(qosFilter));
+        } catch (final RemoteException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Error registering a qos callback id against a qos filter", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Notify the NetworkAgent that the given qos callback id should be unregistered.
+     */
+    public void onQosCallbackUnregistered(final int qosCallbackId) {
+        try {
+            networkAgent.onQosCallbackUnregistered(qosCallbackId);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Error unregistering a qos callback id", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Notify the NetworkAgent that the network is successfully connected.
+     */
+    public void onNetworkCreated() {
+        try {
+            networkAgent.onNetworkCreated();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Error sending network created event", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Notify the NetworkAgent that the native network has been destroyed.
+     */
+    public void onNetworkDestroyed() {
+        try {
+            networkAgent.onNetworkDestroyed();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Error sending network destroyed event", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // TODO: consider moving out of NetworkAgentInfo into its own class
+    private class NetworkAgentMessageHandler extends INetworkAgentRegistry.Stub {
+        private final Handler mHandler;
+
+        private NetworkAgentMessageHandler(Handler handler) {
+            mHandler = handler;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void sendNetworkCapabilities(@NonNull NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(nc);
+            mHandler.obtainMessage(NetworkAgent.EVENT_NETWORK_CAPABILITIES_CHANGED,
+                    new Pair<>(NetworkAgentInfo.this, nc)).sendToTarget();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void sendLinkProperties(@NonNull LinkProperties lp) {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(lp);
+            mHandler.obtainMessage(NetworkAgent.EVENT_NETWORK_PROPERTIES_CHANGED,
+                    new Pair<>(NetworkAgentInfo.this, lp)).sendToTarget();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void sendNetworkInfo(@NonNull NetworkInfo info) {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(info);
+            mHandler.obtainMessage(NetworkAgent.EVENT_NETWORK_INFO_CHANGED,
+                    new Pair<>(NetworkAgentInfo.this, info)).sendToTarget();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void sendScore(@NonNull final NetworkScore score) {
+            mHandler.obtainMessage(NetworkAgent.EVENT_NETWORK_SCORE_CHANGED,
+                    new Pair<>(NetworkAgentInfo.this, score)).sendToTarget();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void sendExplicitlySelected(boolean explicitlySelected, boolean acceptPartial) {
+            mHandler.obtainMessage(NetworkAgent.EVENT_SET_EXPLICITLY_SELECTED,
+                    explicitlySelected ? 1 : 0, acceptPartial ? 1 : 0,
+                    new Pair<>(NetworkAgentInfo.this, null)).sendToTarget();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void sendSocketKeepaliveEvent(int slot, int reason) {
+            mHandler.obtainMessage(NetworkAgent.EVENT_SOCKET_KEEPALIVE,
+                    slot, reason, new Pair<>(NetworkAgentInfo.this, null)).sendToTarget();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void sendUnderlyingNetworks(@Nullable List<Network> networks) {
+            mHandler.obtainMessage(NetworkAgent.EVENT_UNDERLYING_NETWORKS_CHANGED,
+                    new Pair<>(NetworkAgentInfo.this, networks)).sendToTarget();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void sendEpsQosSessionAvailable(final int qosCallbackId, final QosSession session,
+                final EpsBearerQosSessionAttributes attributes) {
+            mQosCallbackTracker.sendEventEpsQosSessionAvailable(qosCallbackId, session, attributes);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void sendNrQosSessionAvailable(final int qosCallbackId, final QosSession session,
+                final NrQosSessionAttributes attributes) {
+            mQosCallbackTracker.sendEventNrQosSessionAvailable(qosCallbackId, session, attributes);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void sendQosSessionLost(final int qosCallbackId, final QosSession session) {
+            mQosCallbackTracker.sendEventQosSessionLost(qosCallbackId, session);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void sendQosCallbackError(final int qosCallbackId,
+                @QosCallbackException.ExceptionType final int exceptionType) {
+            mQosCallbackTracker.sendEventQosCallbackError(qosCallbackId, exceptionType);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void sendTeardownDelayMs(int teardownDelayMs) {
+            mHandler.obtainMessage(NetworkAgent.EVENT_TEARDOWN_DELAY_CHANGED,
+                    teardownDelayMs, 0, new Pair<>(NetworkAgentInfo.this, null)).sendToTarget();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void sendLingerDuration(final int durationMs) {
+            mHandler.obtainMessage(NetworkAgent.EVENT_LINGER_DURATION_CHANGED,
+                    new Pair<>(NetworkAgentInfo.this, durationMs)).sendToTarget();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void sendAddDscpPolicy(final DscpPolicy policy) {
+            mHandler.obtainMessage(NetworkAgent.EVENT_ADD_DSCP_POLICY,
+                    new Pair<>(NetworkAgentInfo.this, policy)).sendToTarget();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void sendRemoveDscpPolicy(final int policyId) {
+            mHandler.obtainMessage(NetworkAgent.EVENT_REMOVE_DSCP_POLICY,
+                    new Pair<>(NetworkAgentInfo.this, policyId)).sendToTarget();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void sendRemoveAllDscpPolicies() {
+            mHandler.obtainMessage(NetworkAgent.EVENT_REMOVE_ALL_DSCP_POLICIES,
+                    new Pair<>(NetworkAgentInfo.this, null)).sendToTarget();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void sendDestroyAndAwaitReplacement(final int timeoutMillis) {
+            mHandler.obtainMessage(NetworkAgent.EVENT_DESTROY_AND_AWAIT_REPLACEMENT,
+                    new Pair<>(NetworkAgentInfo.this, timeoutMillis)).sendToTarget();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Inform NetworkAgentInfo that a new NetworkMonitor was created.
+     */
+    public void onNetworkMonitorCreated(INetworkMonitor networkMonitor) {
+        mNetworkMonitor = new NetworkMonitorManager(networkMonitor);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the NetworkCapabilities on this NetworkAgentInfo. Also attempts to notify NetworkMonitor
+     * of the new capabilities, if NetworkMonitor has been created.
+     *
+     * <p>If {@link NetworkMonitor#notifyNetworkCapabilitiesChanged(NetworkCapabilities)} fails,
+     * the exception is logged but not reported to callers.
+     *
+     * @return the old capabilities of this network.
+     */
+    @NonNull public synchronized NetworkCapabilities getAndSetNetworkCapabilities(
+            @NonNull final NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        final NetworkCapabilities oldNc = networkCapabilities;
+        networkCapabilities = nc;
+        mScore = mScore.mixInScore(networkCapabilities, networkAgentConfig, everValidatedForYield(),
+                yieldToBadWiFi(), destroyed);
+        final NetworkMonitorManager nm = mNetworkMonitor;
+        if (nm != null) {
+            nm.notifyNetworkCapabilitiesChanged(nc);
+        }
+        return oldNc;
+    }
+
+    private boolean yieldToBadWiFi() {
+        // Only cellular networks yield to bad wifi
+        return networkCapabilities.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR) && !mConnService.avoidBadWifi();
+    }
+
+    public ConnectivityService connService() {
+        return mConnService;
+    }
+
+    public NetworkAgentConfig netAgentConfig() {
+        return networkAgentConfig;
+    }
+
+    public Handler handler() {
+        return mHandler;
+    }
+
+    public Network network() {
+        return network;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the NetworkMonitorManager in this NetworkAgentInfo.
+     *
+     * <p>This will be null before {@link #onNetworkMonitorCreated(INetworkMonitor)} is called.
+     */
+    public NetworkMonitorManager networkMonitor() {
+        return mNetworkMonitor;
+    }
+
+    // Functions for manipulating the requests satisfied by this network.
+    //
+    // These functions must only called on ConnectivityService's main thread.
+
+    private static final boolean ADD = true;
+    private static final boolean REMOVE = false;
+
+    private void updateRequestCounts(boolean add, NetworkRequest request) {
+        int delta = add ? +1 : -1;
+        switch (request.type) {
+            case REQUEST:
+                mNumRequestNetworkRequests += delta;
+                break;
+
+            case BACKGROUND_REQUEST:
+                mNumRequestNetworkRequests += delta;
+                mNumBackgroundNetworkRequests += delta;
+                break;
+
+            case LISTEN:
+            case LISTEN_FOR_BEST:
+            case TRACK_DEFAULT:
+            case TRACK_SYSTEM_DEFAULT:
+                break;
+
+            case NONE:
+            default:
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "Unhandled request type " + request.type);
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add {@code networkRequest} to this network as it's satisfied by this network.
+     * @return true if {@code networkRequest} was added or false if {@code networkRequest} was
+     *         already present.
+     */
+    public boolean addRequest(NetworkRequest networkRequest) {
+        NetworkRequest existing = mNetworkRequests.get(networkRequest.requestId);
+        if (existing == networkRequest) return false;
+        if (existing != null) {
+            // Should only happen if the requestId wraps. If that happens lots of other things will
+            // be broken as well.
+            Log.wtf(TAG, String.format("Duplicate requestId for %s and %s on %s",
+                    networkRequest, existing, toShortString()));
+            updateRequestCounts(REMOVE, existing);
+        }
+        mNetworkRequests.put(networkRequest.requestId, networkRequest);
+        updateRequestCounts(ADD, networkRequest);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove the specified request from this network.
+     */
+    public void removeRequest(int requestId) {
+        NetworkRequest existing = mNetworkRequests.get(requestId);
+        if (existing == null) return;
+        updateRequestCounts(REMOVE, existing);
+        mNetworkRequests.remove(requestId);
+        if (existing.isRequest()) {
+            unlingerRequest(existing.requestId);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether this network is currently satisfying the request with the specified ID.
+     */
+    public boolean isSatisfyingRequest(int id) {
+        return mNetworkRequests.get(id) != null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the request at the specified position in the list of requests satisfied by this
+     * network.
+     */
+    public NetworkRequest requestAt(int index) {
+        return mNetworkRequests.valueAt(index);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the number of requests currently satisfied by this network for which
+     * {@link android.net.NetworkRequest#isRequest} returns {@code true}.
+     */
+    public int numRequestNetworkRequests() {
+        return mNumRequestNetworkRequests;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the number of requests currently satisfied by this network of type
+     * {@link android.net.NetworkRequest.Type#BACKGROUND_REQUEST}.
+     */
+    public int numBackgroundNetworkRequests() {
+        return mNumBackgroundNetworkRequests;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the number of foreground requests currently satisfied by this network.
+     */
+    public int numForegroundNetworkRequests() {
+        return mNumRequestNetworkRequests - mNumBackgroundNetworkRequests;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the number of requests of any type currently satisfied by this network.
+     */
+    public int numNetworkRequests() {
+        return mNetworkRequests.size();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether the network is a background network. A network is a background network if it
+     * does not have the NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND capability, which implies it is satisfying no
+     * foreground request, is not lingering (i.e. kept for a while after being outscored), and is
+     * not a speculative network (i.e. kept pending validation when validation would have it
+     * outscore another foreground network). That implies it is being kept up by some background
+     * request (otherwise it would be torn down), maybe the mobile always-on request.
+     */
+    public boolean isBackgroundNetwork() {
+        return !isVPN() && numForegroundNetworkRequests() == 0 && mNumBackgroundNetworkRequests > 0
+                && !isLingering();
+    }
+
+    // Does this network satisfy request?
+    public boolean satisfies(NetworkRequest request) {
+        return created &&
+                request.networkCapabilities.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(networkCapabilities);
+    }
+
+    public boolean satisfiesImmutableCapabilitiesOf(NetworkRequest request) {
+        return created &&
+                request.networkCapabilities.satisfiedByImmutableNetworkCapabilities(
+                        networkCapabilities);
+    }
+
+    /** Whether this network is a VPN. */
+    public boolean isVPN() {
+        return networkCapabilities.hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Whether this network should propagate the capabilities from its underlying networks.
+     * Currently only true for VPNs.
+     */
+    public boolean propagateUnderlyingCapabilities() {
+        return isVPN();
+    }
+
+    // Caller must not mutate. This method is called frequently and making a defensive copy
+    // would be too expensive. This is used by NetworkRanker.Scoreable, so it can be compared
+    // against other scoreables.
+    @Override public NetworkCapabilities getCapsNoCopy() {
+        return networkCapabilities;
+    }
+
+    // NetworkRanker.Scoreable
+    @Override public FullScore getScore() {
+        return mScore;
+    }
+
+    // Get the current score for this Network.  This may be modified from what the
+    // NetworkAgent sent, as it has modifiers applied to it.
+    public int getCurrentScore() {
+        return mScore.getLegacyInt();
+    }
+
+    // Get the current score for this Network as if it was validated.  This may be modified from
+    // what the NetworkAgent sent, as it has modifiers applied to it.
+    public int getCurrentScoreAsValidated() {
+        return mScore.getLegacyIntAsValidated();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Mix-in the ConnectivityService-managed bits in the score.
+     */
+    public void setScore(final NetworkScore score) {
+        mScore = FullScore.fromNetworkScore(score, networkCapabilities, networkAgentConfig,
+                everValidatedForYield(), yieldToBadWiFi(), destroyed);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Update the ConnectivityService-managed bits in the score.
+     *
+     * Call this after changing any data that might affect the score (e.g., agent config).
+     */
+    public void updateScoreForNetworkAgentUpdate() {
+        mScore = mScore.mixInScore(networkCapabilities, networkAgentConfig,
+                everValidatedForYield(), yieldToBadWiFi(), destroyed);
+    }
+
+    private boolean everValidatedForYield() {
+        return everValidated && !avoidUnvalidated;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a Scoreable identical to this NAI, but validated.
+     *
+     * This is useful to probe what scoring would be if this network validated, to know
+     * whether to provisionally keep a network that may or may not validate.
+     *
+     * @return a Scoreable identical to this NAI, but validated.
+     */
+    public NetworkRanker.Scoreable getValidatedScoreable() {
+        return new NetworkRanker.Scoreable() {
+            @Override public FullScore getScore() {
+                return mScore.asValidated();
+            }
+
+            @Override public NetworkCapabilities getCapsNoCopy() {
+                return networkCapabilities;
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a {@link NetworkStateSnapshot} for this network.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public NetworkStateSnapshot getNetworkStateSnapshot() {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            // Network objects are outwardly immutable so there is no point in duplicating.
+            // Duplicating also precludes sharing socket factories and connection pools.
+            final String subscriberId = (networkAgentConfig != null)
+                    ? networkAgentConfig.subscriberId : null;
+            return new NetworkStateSnapshot(network, new NetworkCapabilities(networkCapabilities),
+                    new LinkProperties(linkProperties), subscriberId, networkInfo.getType());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the specified requestId to linger on this network for the specified time. Called by
+     * ConnectivityService when any request is moved to another network with a higher score, or
+     * when a network is newly created.
+     *
+     * @param requestId The requestId of the request that no longer need to be served by this
+     *                  network. Or {@link NetworkRequest#REQUEST_ID_NONE} if this is the
+     *                  {@code InactivityTimer} for a newly created network.
+     */
+    // TODO: Consider creating a dedicated function for nascent network, e.g. start/stopNascent.
+    public void lingerRequest(int requestId, long now, long duration) {
+        if (mInactivityTimerForRequest.get(requestId) != null) {
+            // Cannot happen. Once a request is lingering on a particular network, we cannot
+            // re-linger it unless that network becomes the best for that request again, in which
+            // case we should have unlingered it.
+            Log.wtf(TAG, toShortString() + ": request " + requestId + " already lingered");
+        }
+        final long expiryMs = now + duration;
+        InactivityTimer timer = new InactivityTimer(requestId, expiryMs);
+        if (VDBG) Log.d(TAG, "Adding InactivityTimer " + timer + " to " + toShortString());
+        mInactivityTimers.add(timer);
+        mInactivityTimerForRequest.put(requestId, timer);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the specified requestId to linger on this network for the timeout set when
+     * initializing or modified by {@link #setLingerDuration(int)}. Called by
+     * ConnectivityService when any request is moved to another network with a higher score.
+     *
+     * @param requestId The requestId of the request that no longer need to be served by this
+     *                  network.
+     * @param now current system timestamp obtained by {@code SystemClock.elapsedRealtime}.
+     */
+    public void lingerRequest(int requestId, long now) {
+        lingerRequest(requestId, now, mLingerDurationMs);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Cancel lingering. Called by ConnectivityService when a request is added to this network.
+     * Returns true if the given requestId was lingering on this network, false otherwise.
+     */
+    public boolean unlingerRequest(int requestId) {
+        InactivityTimer timer = mInactivityTimerForRequest.get(requestId);
+        if (timer != null) {
+            if (VDBG) {
+                Log.d(TAG, "Removing InactivityTimer " + timer + " from " + toShortString());
+            }
+            mInactivityTimers.remove(timer);
+            mInactivityTimerForRequest.remove(requestId);
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    public long getInactivityExpiry() {
+        return mInactivityExpiryMs;
+    }
+
+    public void updateInactivityTimer() {
+        long newExpiry = mInactivityTimers.isEmpty() ? 0 : mInactivityTimers.last().expiryMs;
+        if (newExpiry == mInactivityExpiryMs) return;
+
+        // Even if we're going to reschedule the timer, cancel it first. This is because the
+        // semantics of WakeupMessage guarantee that if cancel is called then the alarm will
+        // never call its callback (handleLingerComplete), even if it has already fired.
+        // WakeupMessage makes no such guarantees about rescheduling a message, so if mLingerMessage
+        // has already been dispatched, rescheduling to some time in the future won't stop it
+        // from calling its callback immediately.
+        if (mInactivityMessage != null) {
+            mInactivityMessage.cancel();
+            mInactivityMessage = null;
+        }
+
+        if (newExpiry > 0) {
+            // If the newExpiry timestamp is in the past, the wakeup message will fire immediately.
+            mInactivityMessage = new WakeupMessage(
+                    mContext, mHandler,
+                    "NETWORK_LINGER_COMPLETE." + network.getNetId() /* cmdName */,
+                    EVENT_NETWORK_LINGER_COMPLETE /* cmd */,
+                    0 /* arg1 (unused) */, 0 /* arg2 (unused) */,
+                    this /* obj (NetworkAgentInfo) */);
+            mInactivityMessage.schedule(newExpiry);
+        }
+
+        mInactivityExpiryMs = newExpiry;
+    }
+
+    public void setInactive() {
+        mInactive = true;
+    }
+
+    public void unsetInactive() {
+        mInactive = false;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isInactive() {
+        return mInactive;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isLingering() {
+        return mInactive && !isNascent();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the linger duration for this NAI.
+     * @param durationMs The new linger duration, in milliseconds.
+     */
+    public void setLingerDuration(final int durationMs) {
+        final long diff = durationMs - mLingerDurationMs;
+        final ArrayList<InactivityTimer> newTimers = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (final InactivityTimer timer : mInactivityTimers) {
+            if (timer.requestId == NetworkRequest.REQUEST_ID_NONE) {
+                // Don't touch nascent timer, re-add as is.
+                newTimers.add(timer);
+            } else {
+                newTimers.add(new InactivityTimer(timer.requestId, timer.expiryMs + diff));
+            }
+        }
+        mInactivityTimers.clear();
+        mInactivityTimers.addAll(newTimers);
+        updateInactivityTimer();
+        mLingerDurationMs = durationMs;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return whether the network satisfies no request, but is still being kept up
+     * because it has just connected less than
+     * {@code ConnectivityService#DEFAULT_NASCENT_DELAY_MS}ms ago and is thus still considered
+     * nascent. Note that nascent mechanism uses inactivity timer which isn't
+     * associated with a request. Thus, use {@link NetworkRequest#REQUEST_ID_NONE} to identify it.
+     *
+     */
+    public boolean isNascent() {
+        return mInactive && mInactivityTimers.size() == 1
+                && mInactivityTimers.first().requestId == NetworkRequest.REQUEST_ID_NONE;
+    }
+
+    public void clearInactivityState() {
+        if (mInactivityMessage != null) {
+            mInactivityMessage.cancel();
+            mInactivityMessage = null;
+        }
+        mInactivityTimers.clear();
+        mInactivityTimerForRequest.clear();
+        // Sets mInactivityExpiryMs, cancels and nulls out mInactivityMessage.
+        updateInactivityTimer();
+        mInactive = false;
+    }
+
+    public void dumpInactivityTimers(PrintWriter pw) {
+        for (InactivityTimer timer : mInactivityTimers) {
+            pw.println(timer);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the most recent ConnectivityReport for this network.
+     *
+     * <p>This should only be called from the ConnectivityService thread.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void setConnectivityReport(@NonNull ConnectivityReport connectivityReport) {
+        mConnectivityReport = connectivityReport;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the most recent ConnectivityReport for this network, or null if none have been
+     * reported yet.
+     *
+     * <p>This should only be called from the ConnectivityService thread.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public ConnectivityReport getConnectivityReport() {
+        return mConnectivityReport;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Make sure the NC from network agents don't contain stuff they shouldn't.
+     *
+     * @param nc the capabilities to sanitize
+     * @param creatorUid the UID of the process creating this network agent
+     * @param authenticator the carrier privilege authenticator to check for telephony constraints
+     */
+    public static void restrictCapabilitiesFromNetworkAgent(@NonNull final NetworkCapabilities nc,
+            final int creatorUid, @NonNull final CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator authenticator) {
+        if (nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_TEST)) {
+            nc.restrictCapabilitiesForTestNetwork(creatorUid);
+        }
+        if (!areAllowedUidsAcceptableFromNetworkAgent(nc, authenticator)) {
+            nc.setAllowedUids(new ArraySet<>());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static boolean areAllowedUidsAcceptableFromNetworkAgent(
+            @NonNull final NetworkCapabilities nc,
+            @Nullable final CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator carrierPrivilegeAuthenticator) {
+        // NCs without access UIDs are fine.
+        if (!nc.hasAllowedUids()) return true;
+        // S and below must never accept access UIDs, even if an agent sends them, because netd
+        // didn't support the required feature in S.
+        if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) return false;
+
+        // On a non-restricted network, access UIDs make no sense
+        if (nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)) return false;
+
+        // If this network has TRANSPORT_TEST, then the caller can do whatever they want to
+        // access UIDs
+        if (nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_TEST)) return true;
+
+        // Factories that make cell networks can allow the UID for the carrier service package.
+        // This can only work in T where there is support for CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator
+        if (null != carrierPrivilegeAuthenticator
+                && nc.hasSingleTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                && (1 == nc.getAllowedUidsNoCopy().size())
+                && (carrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.hasCarrierPrivilegeForNetworkCapabilities(
+                        nc.getAllowedUidsNoCopy().valueAt(0), nc))) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // TODO : accept Railway callers
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Print shorter members first and only print the boolean variable which value is true
+    // to improve readability.
+    public String toString() {
+        return "NetworkAgentInfo{"
+                + "network{" + network + "}  handle{" + network.getNetworkHandle() + "}  ni{"
+                + networkInfo.toShortString() + "} "
+                + mScore + " "
+                + (created ? " created" : "")
+                + (destroyed ? " destroyed" : "")
+                + (isNascent() ? " nascent" : (isLingering() ? " lingering" : ""))
+                + (everValidated ? " everValidated" : "")
+                + (lastValidated ? " lastValidated" : "")
+                + (partialConnectivity ? " partialConnectivity" : "")
+                + (everCaptivePortalDetected ? " everCaptivePortal" : "")
+                + (lastCaptivePortalDetected ? " isCaptivePortal" : "")
+                + (networkAgentConfig.explicitlySelected ? " explicitlySelected" : "")
+                + (networkAgentConfig.acceptUnvalidated ? " acceptUnvalidated" : "")
+                + (networkAgentConfig.acceptPartialConnectivity ? " acceptPartialConnectivity" : "")
+                + (clatd.isStarted() ? " clat{" + clatd + "} " : "")
+                + (declaredUnderlyingNetworks != null
+                        ? " underlying{" + Arrays.toString(declaredUnderlyingNetworks) + "}" : "")
+                + "  lp{" + linkProperties + "}"
+                + "  nc{" + networkCapabilities + "}"
+                + "  factorySerialNumber=" + factorySerialNumber
+                + "}";
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Show a short string representing a Network.
+     *
+     * This is often not enough for debugging purposes for anything complex, but the full form
+     * is very long and hard to read, so this is useful when there isn't a lot of ambiguity.
+     * This represents the network with something like "[100 WIFI|VPN]" or "[108 MOBILE]".
+     */
+    public String toShortString() {
+        return "[" + network.getNetId() + " "
+                + transportNamesOf(networkCapabilities.getTransportTypes()) + "]";
+    }
+
+    // Enables sorting in descending order of score.
+    @Override
+    public int compareTo(NetworkAgentInfo other) {
+        return other.getCurrentScore() - getCurrentScore();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Null-guarding version of NetworkAgentInfo#toShortString()
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public static String toShortString(@Nullable final NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        return null != nai ? nai.toShortString() : "[null]";
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkDiagnostics.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkDiagnostics.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..509110d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkDiagnostics.java
@@ -0,0 +1,757 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import static android.system.OsConstants.*;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.RouteInfo;
+import android.net.TrafficStats;
+import android.net.shared.PrivateDnsConfig;
+import android.net.util.NetworkConstants;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.system.Os;
+import android.system.StructTimeval;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+import android.util.Pair;
+
+import com.android.internal.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants;
+
+import libcore.io.IoUtils;
+
+import java.io.Closeable;
+import java.io.DataInputStream;
+import java.io.DataOutputStream;
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InterruptedIOException;
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.NetworkInterface;
+import java.net.SocketAddress;
+import java.net.SocketException;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Random;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import javax.net.ssl.SNIHostName;
+import javax.net.ssl.SNIServerName;
+import javax.net.ssl.SSLParameters;
+import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket;
+import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
+
+/**
+ * NetworkDiagnostics
+ *
+ * A simple class to diagnose network connectivity fundamentals.  Current
+ * checks performed are:
+ *     - ICMPv4/v6 echo requests for all routers
+ *     - ICMPv4/v6 echo requests for all DNS servers
+ *     - DNS UDP queries to all DNS servers
+ *
+ * Currently unimplemented checks include:
+ *     - report ARP/ND data about on-link neighbors
+ *     - DNS TCP queries to all DNS servers
+ *     - HTTP DIRECT and PROXY checks
+ *     - port 443 blocking/TLS intercept checks
+ *     - QUIC reachability checks
+ *     - MTU checks
+ *
+ * The supplied timeout bounds the entire diagnostic process.  Each specific
+ * check class must implement this upper bound on measurements in whichever
+ * manner is most appropriate and effective.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class NetworkDiagnostics {
+    private static final String TAG = "NetworkDiagnostics";
+
+    private static final InetAddress TEST_DNS4 = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("8.8.8.8");
+    private static final InetAddress TEST_DNS6 = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(
+            "2001:4860:4860::8888");
+
+    // For brevity elsewhere.
+    private static final long now() {
+        return SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
+    }
+
+    // Values from RFC 1035 section 4.1.1, names from <arpa/nameser.h>.
+    // Should be a member of DnsUdpCheck, but "compiler says no".
+    public static enum DnsResponseCode { NOERROR, FORMERR, SERVFAIL, NXDOMAIN, NOTIMP, REFUSED };
+
+    private final Network mNetwork;
+    private final LinkProperties mLinkProperties;
+    private final PrivateDnsConfig mPrivateDnsCfg;
+    private final Integer mInterfaceIndex;
+
+    private final long mTimeoutMs;
+    private final long mStartTime;
+    private final long mDeadlineTime;
+
+    // A counter, initialized to the total number of measurements,
+    // so callers can wait for completion.
+    private final CountDownLatch mCountDownLatch;
+
+    public class Measurement {
+        private static final String SUCCEEDED = "SUCCEEDED";
+        private static final String FAILED = "FAILED";
+
+        private boolean succeeded;
+
+        // Package private.  TODO: investigate better encapsulation.
+        String description = "";
+        long startTime;
+        long finishTime;
+        String result = "";
+        Thread thread;
+
+        public boolean checkSucceeded() { return succeeded; }
+
+        void recordSuccess(String msg) {
+            maybeFixupTimes();
+            succeeded = true;
+            result = SUCCEEDED + ": " + msg;
+            if (mCountDownLatch != null) {
+                mCountDownLatch.countDown();
+            }
+        }
+
+        void recordFailure(String msg) {
+            maybeFixupTimes();
+            succeeded = false;
+            result = FAILED + ": " + msg;
+            if (mCountDownLatch != null) {
+                mCountDownLatch.countDown();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void maybeFixupTimes() {
+            // Allows the caller to just set success/failure and not worry
+            // about also setting the correct finishing time.
+            if (finishTime == 0) { finishTime = now(); }
+
+            // In cases where, for example, a failure has occurred before the
+            // measurement even began, fixup the start time to reflect as much.
+            if (startTime == 0) { startTime = finishTime; }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return description + ": " + result + " (" + (finishTime - startTime) + "ms)";
+        }
+    }
+
+    private final Map<InetAddress, Measurement> mIcmpChecks = new HashMap<>();
+    private final Map<Pair<InetAddress, InetAddress>, Measurement> mExplicitSourceIcmpChecks =
+            new HashMap<>();
+    private final Map<InetAddress, Measurement> mDnsUdpChecks = new HashMap<>();
+    private final Map<InetAddress, Measurement> mDnsTlsChecks = new HashMap<>();
+    private final String mDescription;
+
+
+    public NetworkDiagnostics(Network network, LinkProperties lp,
+            @NonNull PrivateDnsConfig privateDnsCfg, long timeoutMs) {
+        mNetwork = network;
+        mLinkProperties = lp;
+        mPrivateDnsCfg = privateDnsCfg;
+        mInterfaceIndex = getInterfaceIndex(mLinkProperties.getInterfaceName());
+        mTimeoutMs = timeoutMs;
+        mStartTime = now();
+        mDeadlineTime = mStartTime + mTimeoutMs;
+
+        // Hardcode measurements to TEST_DNS4 and TEST_DNS6 in order to test off-link connectivity.
+        // We are free to modify mLinkProperties with impunity because ConnectivityService passes us
+        // a copy and not the original object. It's easier to do it this way because we don't need
+        // to check whether the LinkProperties already contains these DNS servers because
+        // LinkProperties#addDnsServer checks for duplicates.
+        if (mLinkProperties.isReachable(TEST_DNS4)) {
+            mLinkProperties.addDnsServer(TEST_DNS4);
+        }
+        // TODO: we could use mLinkProperties.isReachable(TEST_DNS6) here, because we won't set any
+        // DNS servers for which isReachable() is false, but since this is diagnostic code, be extra
+        // careful.
+        if (mLinkProperties.hasGlobalIpv6Address() || mLinkProperties.hasIpv6DefaultRoute()) {
+            mLinkProperties.addDnsServer(TEST_DNS6);
+        }
+
+        for (RouteInfo route : mLinkProperties.getRoutes()) {
+            if (route.getType() == RouteInfo.RTN_UNICAST && route.hasGateway()) {
+                InetAddress gateway = route.getGateway();
+                prepareIcmpMeasurement(gateway);
+                if (route.isIPv6Default()) {
+                    prepareExplicitSourceIcmpMeasurements(gateway);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        for (InetAddress nameserver : mLinkProperties.getDnsServers()) {
+            prepareIcmpMeasurement(nameserver);
+            prepareDnsMeasurement(nameserver);
+
+            // Unlike the DnsResolver which doesn't do certificate validation in opportunistic mode,
+            // DoT probes to the DNS servers will fail if certificate validation fails.
+            prepareDnsTlsMeasurement(null /* hostname */, nameserver);
+        }
+
+        for (InetAddress tlsNameserver : mPrivateDnsCfg.ips) {
+            // Reachability check is necessary since when resolving the strict mode hostname,
+            // NetworkMonitor always queries for both A and AAAA records, even if the network
+            // is IPv4-only or IPv6-only.
+            if (mLinkProperties.isReachable(tlsNameserver)) {
+                // If there are IPs, there must have been a name that resolved to them.
+                prepareDnsTlsMeasurement(mPrivateDnsCfg.hostname, tlsNameserver);
+            }
+        }
+
+        mCountDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(totalMeasurementCount());
+
+        startMeasurements();
+
+        mDescription = "ifaces{" + TextUtils.join(",", mLinkProperties.getAllInterfaceNames()) + "}"
+                + " index{" + mInterfaceIndex + "}"
+                + " network{" + mNetwork + "}"
+                + " nethandle{" + mNetwork.getNetworkHandle() + "}";
+    }
+
+    private static Integer getInterfaceIndex(String ifname) {
+        try {
+            NetworkInterface ni = NetworkInterface.getByName(ifname);
+            return ni.getIndex();
+        } catch (NullPointerException | SocketException e) {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static String socketAddressToString(@NonNull SocketAddress sockAddr) {
+        // The default toString() implementation is not the prettiest.
+        InetSocketAddress inetSockAddr = (InetSocketAddress) sockAddr;
+        InetAddress localAddr = inetSockAddr.getAddress();
+        return String.format(
+                (localAddr instanceof Inet6Address ? "[%s]:%d" : "%s:%d"),
+                localAddr.getHostAddress(), inetSockAddr.getPort());
+    }
+
+    private void prepareIcmpMeasurement(InetAddress target) {
+        if (!mIcmpChecks.containsKey(target)) {
+            Measurement measurement = new Measurement();
+            measurement.thread = new Thread(new IcmpCheck(target, measurement));
+            mIcmpChecks.put(target, measurement);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void prepareExplicitSourceIcmpMeasurements(InetAddress target) {
+        for (LinkAddress l : mLinkProperties.getLinkAddresses()) {
+            InetAddress source = l.getAddress();
+            if (source instanceof Inet6Address && l.isGlobalPreferred()) {
+                Pair<InetAddress, InetAddress> srcTarget = new Pair<>(source, target);
+                if (!mExplicitSourceIcmpChecks.containsKey(srcTarget)) {
+                    Measurement measurement = new Measurement();
+                    measurement.thread = new Thread(new IcmpCheck(source, target, measurement));
+                    mExplicitSourceIcmpChecks.put(srcTarget, measurement);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void prepareDnsMeasurement(InetAddress target) {
+        if (!mDnsUdpChecks.containsKey(target)) {
+            Measurement measurement = new Measurement();
+            measurement.thread = new Thread(new DnsUdpCheck(target, measurement));
+            mDnsUdpChecks.put(target, measurement);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void prepareDnsTlsMeasurement(@Nullable String hostname, @NonNull InetAddress target) {
+        // This might overwrite an existing entry in mDnsTlsChecks, because |target| can be an IP
+        // address configured by the network as well as an IP address learned by resolving the
+        // strict mode DNS hostname. If the entry is overwritten, the overwritten measurement
+        // thread will not execute.
+        Measurement measurement = new Measurement();
+        measurement.thread = new Thread(new DnsTlsCheck(hostname, target, measurement));
+        mDnsTlsChecks.put(target, measurement);
+    }
+
+    private int totalMeasurementCount() {
+        return mIcmpChecks.size() + mExplicitSourceIcmpChecks.size() + mDnsUdpChecks.size()
+                + mDnsTlsChecks.size();
+    }
+
+    private void startMeasurements() {
+        for (Measurement measurement : mIcmpChecks.values()) {
+            measurement.thread.start();
+        }
+        for (Measurement measurement : mExplicitSourceIcmpChecks.values()) {
+            measurement.thread.start();
+        }
+        for (Measurement measurement : mDnsUdpChecks.values()) {
+            measurement.thread.start();
+        }
+        for (Measurement measurement : mDnsTlsChecks.values()) {
+            measurement.thread.start();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void waitForMeasurements() {
+        try {
+            mCountDownLatch.await(mDeadlineTime - now(), TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        } catch (InterruptedException ignored) {}
+    }
+
+    public List<Measurement> getMeasurements() {
+        // TODO: Consider moving waitForMeasurements() in here to minimize the
+        // chance of caller errors.
+
+        ArrayList<Measurement> measurements = new ArrayList(totalMeasurementCount());
+
+        // Sort measurements IPv4 first.
+        for (Map.Entry<InetAddress, Measurement> entry : mIcmpChecks.entrySet()) {
+            if (entry.getKey() instanceof Inet4Address) {
+                measurements.add(entry.getValue());
+            }
+        }
+        for (Map.Entry<Pair<InetAddress, InetAddress>, Measurement> entry :
+                mExplicitSourceIcmpChecks.entrySet()) {
+            if (entry.getKey().first instanceof Inet4Address) {
+                measurements.add(entry.getValue());
+            }
+        }
+        for (Map.Entry<InetAddress, Measurement> entry : mDnsUdpChecks.entrySet()) {
+            if (entry.getKey() instanceof Inet4Address) {
+                measurements.add(entry.getValue());
+            }
+        }
+        for (Map.Entry<InetAddress, Measurement> entry : mDnsTlsChecks.entrySet()) {
+            if (entry.getKey() instanceof Inet4Address) {
+                measurements.add(entry.getValue());
+            }
+        }
+
+        // IPv6 measurements second.
+        for (Map.Entry<InetAddress, Measurement> entry : mIcmpChecks.entrySet()) {
+            if (entry.getKey() instanceof Inet6Address) {
+                measurements.add(entry.getValue());
+            }
+        }
+        for (Map.Entry<Pair<InetAddress, InetAddress>, Measurement> entry :
+                mExplicitSourceIcmpChecks.entrySet()) {
+            if (entry.getKey().first instanceof Inet6Address) {
+                measurements.add(entry.getValue());
+            }
+        }
+        for (Map.Entry<InetAddress, Measurement> entry : mDnsUdpChecks.entrySet()) {
+            if (entry.getKey() instanceof Inet6Address) {
+                measurements.add(entry.getValue());
+            }
+        }
+        for (Map.Entry<InetAddress, Measurement> entry : mDnsTlsChecks.entrySet()) {
+            if (entry.getKey() instanceof Inet6Address) {
+                measurements.add(entry.getValue());
+            }
+        }
+
+        return measurements;
+    }
+
+    public void dump(IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
+        pw.println(TAG + ":" + mDescription);
+        final long unfinished = mCountDownLatch.getCount();
+        if (unfinished > 0) {
+            // This can't happen unless a caller forgets to call waitForMeasurements()
+            // or a measurement isn't implemented to correctly honor the timeout.
+            pw.println("WARNING: countdown wait incomplete: "
+                    + unfinished + " unfinished measurements");
+        }
+
+        pw.increaseIndent();
+
+        String prefix;
+        for (Measurement m : getMeasurements()) {
+            prefix = m.checkSucceeded() ? "." : "F";
+            pw.println(prefix + "  " + m.toString());
+        }
+
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
+    }
+
+
+    private class SimpleSocketCheck implements Closeable {
+        protected final InetAddress mSource;  // Usually null.
+        protected final InetAddress mTarget;
+        protected final int mAddressFamily;
+        protected final Measurement mMeasurement;
+        protected FileDescriptor mFileDescriptor;
+        protected SocketAddress mSocketAddress;
+
+        protected SimpleSocketCheck(
+                InetAddress source, InetAddress target, Measurement measurement) {
+            mMeasurement = measurement;
+
+            if (target instanceof Inet6Address) {
+                Inet6Address targetWithScopeId = null;
+                if (target.isLinkLocalAddress() && mInterfaceIndex != null) {
+                    try {
+                        targetWithScopeId = Inet6Address.getByAddress(
+                                null, target.getAddress(), mInterfaceIndex);
+                    } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
+                        mMeasurement.recordFailure(e.toString());
+                    }
+                }
+                mTarget = (targetWithScopeId != null) ? targetWithScopeId : target;
+                mAddressFamily = AF_INET6;
+            } else {
+                mTarget = target;
+                mAddressFamily = AF_INET;
+            }
+
+            // We don't need to check the scope ID here because we currently only do explicit-source
+            // measurements from global IPv6 addresses.
+            mSource = source;
+        }
+
+        protected SimpleSocketCheck(InetAddress target, Measurement measurement) {
+            this(null, target, measurement);
+        }
+
+        protected void setupSocket(
+                int sockType, int protocol, long writeTimeout, long readTimeout, int dstPort)
+                throws ErrnoException, IOException {
+            final int oldTag = TrafficStats.getAndSetThreadStatsTag(
+                    NetworkStackConstants.TAG_SYSTEM_PROBE);
+            try {
+                mFileDescriptor = Os.socket(mAddressFamily, sockType, protocol);
+            } finally {
+                // TODO: The tag should remain set until all traffic is sent and received.
+                // Consider tagging the socket after the measurement thread is started.
+                TrafficStats.setThreadStatsTag(oldTag);
+            }
+            // Setting SNDTIMEO is purely for defensive purposes.
+            Os.setsockoptTimeval(mFileDescriptor,
+                    SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDTIMEO, StructTimeval.fromMillis(writeTimeout));
+            Os.setsockoptTimeval(mFileDescriptor,
+                    SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, StructTimeval.fromMillis(readTimeout));
+            // TODO: Use IP_RECVERR/IPV6_RECVERR, pending OsContants availability.
+            mNetwork.bindSocket(mFileDescriptor);
+            if (mSource != null) {
+                Os.bind(mFileDescriptor, mSource, 0);
+            }
+            Os.connect(mFileDescriptor, mTarget, dstPort);
+            mSocketAddress = Os.getsockname(mFileDescriptor);
+        }
+
+        protected boolean ensureMeasurementNecessary() {
+            if (mMeasurement.finishTime == 0) return false;
+
+            // Countdown latch was not decremented when the measurement failed during setup.
+            mCountDownLatch.countDown();
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void close() {
+            IoUtils.closeQuietly(mFileDescriptor);
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    private class IcmpCheck extends SimpleSocketCheck implements Runnable {
+        private static final int TIMEOUT_SEND = 100;
+        private static final int TIMEOUT_RECV = 300;
+        private static final int PACKET_BUFSIZE = 512;
+        private final int mProtocol;
+        private final int mIcmpType;
+
+        public IcmpCheck(InetAddress source, InetAddress target, Measurement measurement) {
+            super(source, target, measurement);
+
+            if (mAddressFamily == AF_INET6) {
+                mProtocol = IPPROTO_ICMPV6;
+                mIcmpType = NetworkConstants.ICMPV6_ECHO_REQUEST_TYPE;
+                mMeasurement.description = "ICMPv6";
+            } else {
+                mProtocol = IPPROTO_ICMP;
+                mIcmpType = NetworkConstants.ICMPV4_ECHO_REQUEST_TYPE;
+                mMeasurement.description = "ICMPv4";
+            }
+
+            mMeasurement.description += " dst{" + mTarget.getHostAddress() + "}";
+        }
+
+        public IcmpCheck(InetAddress target, Measurement measurement) {
+            this(null, target, measurement);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void run() {
+            if (ensureMeasurementNecessary()) return;
+
+            try {
+                setupSocket(SOCK_DGRAM, mProtocol, TIMEOUT_SEND, TIMEOUT_RECV, 0);
+            } catch (ErrnoException | IOException e) {
+                mMeasurement.recordFailure(e.toString());
+                return;
+            }
+            mMeasurement.description += " src{" + socketAddressToString(mSocketAddress) + "}";
+
+            // Build a trivial ICMP packet.
+            final byte[] icmpPacket = {
+                    (byte) mIcmpType, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0  // ICMP header
+            };
+
+            int count = 0;
+            mMeasurement.startTime = now();
+            while (now() < mDeadlineTime - (TIMEOUT_SEND + TIMEOUT_RECV)) {
+                count++;
+                icmpPacket[icmpPacket.length - 1] = (byte) count;
+                try {
+                    Os.write(mFileDescriptor, icmpPacket, 0, icmpPacket.length);
+                } catch (ErrnoException | InterruptedIOException e) {
+                    mMeasurement.recordFailure(e.toString());
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                try {
+                    ByteBuffer reply = ByteBuffer.allocate(PACKET_BUFSIZE);
+                    Os.read(mFileDescriptor, reply);
+                    // TODO: send a few pings back to back to guesstimate packet loss.
+                    mMeasurement.recordSuccess("1/" + count);
+                    break;
+                } catch (ErrnoException | InterruptedIOException e) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+            if (mMeasurement.finishTime == 0) {
+                mMeasurement.recordFailure("0/" + count);
+            }
+
+            close();
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    private class DnsUdpCheck extends SimpleSocketCheck implements Runnable {
+        private static final int TIMEOUT_SEND = 100;
+        private static final int TIMEOUT_RECV = 500;
+        private static final int RR_TYPE_A = 1;
+        private static final int RR_TYPE_AAAA = 28;
+        private static final int PACKET_BUFSIZE = 512;
+
+        protected final Random mRandom = new Random();
+
+        // Should be static, but the compiler mocks our puny, human attempts at reason.
+        protected String responseCodeStr(int rcode) {
+            try {
+                return DnsResponseCode.values()[rcode].toString();
+            } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+                return String.valueOf(rcode);
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected final int mQueryType;
+
+        public DnsUdpCheck(InetAddress target, Measurement measurement) {
+            super(target, measurement);
+
+            // TODO: Ideally, query the target for both types regardless of address family.
+            if (mAddressFamily == AF_INET6) {
+                mQueryType = RR_TYPE_AAAA;
+            } else {
+                mQueryType = RR_TYPE_A;
+            }
+
+            mMeasurement.description = "DNS UDP dst{" + mTarget.getHostAddress() + "}";
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void run() {
+            if (ensureMeasurementNecessary()) return;
+
+            try {
+                setupSocket(SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP, TIMEOUT_SEND, TIMEOUT_RECV,
+                        NetworkConstants.DNS_SERVER_PORT);
+            } catch (ErrnoException | IOException e) {
+                mMeasurement.recordFailure(e.toString());
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // This needs to be fixed length so it can be dropped into the pre-canned packet.
+            final String sixRandomDigits = String.valueOf(mRandom.nextInt(900000) + 100000);
+            appendDnsToMeasurementDescription(sixRandomDigits, mSocketAddress);
+
+            // Build a trivial DNS packet.
+            final byte[] dnsPacket = getDnsQueryPacket(sixRandomDigits);
+
+            int count = 0;
+            mMeasurement.startTime = now();
+            while (now() < mDeadlineTime - (TIMEOUT_RECV + TIMEOUT_RECV)) {
+                count++;
+                try {
+                    Os.write(mFileDescriptor, dnsPacket, 0, dnsPacket.length);
+                } catch (ErrnoException | InterruptedIOException e) {
+                    mMeasurement.recordFailure(e.toString());
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                try {
+                    ByteBuffer reply = ByteBuffer.allocate(PACKET_BUFSIZE);
+                    Os.read(mFileDescriptor, reply);
+                    // TODO: more correct and detailed evaluation of the response,
+                    // possibly adding the returned IP address(es) to the output.
+                    final String rcodeStr = (reply.limit() > 3)
+                            ? " " + responseCodeStr((int) (reply.get(3)) & 0x0f)
+                            : "";
+                    mMeasurement.recordSuccess("1/" + count + rcodeStr);
+                    break;
+                } catch (ErrnoException | InterruptedIOException e) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+            if (mMeasurement.finishTime == 0) {
+                mMeasurement.recordFailure("0/" + count);
+            }
+
+            close();
+        }
+
+        protected byte[] getDnsQueryPacket(String sixRandomDigits) {
+            byte[] rnd = sixRandomDigits.getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
+            return new byte[] {
+                (byte) mRandom.nextInt(), (byte) mRandom.nextInt(),  // [0-1]   query ID
+                1, 0,  // [2-3]   flags; byte[2] = 1 for recursion desired (RD).
+                0, 1,  // [4-5]   QDCOUNT (number of queries)
+                0, 0,  // [6-7]   ANCOUNT (number of answers)
+                0, 0,  // [8-9]   NSCOUNT (number of name server records)
+                0, 0,  // [10-11] ARCOUNT (number of additional records)
+                17, rnd[0], rnd[1], rnd[2], rnd[3], rnd[4], rnd[5],
+                        '-', 'a', 'n', 'd', 'r', 'o', 'i', 'd', '-', 'd', 's',
+                6, 'm', 'e', 't', 'r', 'i', 'c',
+                7, 'g', 's', 't', 'a', 't', 'i', 'c',
+                3, 'c', 'o', 'm',
+                0,  // null terminator of FQDN (root TLD)
+                0, (byte) mQueryType,  // QTYPE
+                0, 1  // QCLASS, set to 1 = IN (Internet)
+            };
+        }
+
+        protected void appendDnsToMeasurementDescription(
+                String sixRandomDigits, SocketAddress sockAddr) {
+            mMeasurement.description += " src{" + socketAddressToString(sockAddr) + "}"
+                    + " qtype{" + mQueryType + "}"
+                    + " qname{" + sixRandomDigits + "-android-ds.metric.gstatic.com}";
+        }
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Have it inherited from SimpleSocketCheck, and separate common DNS helpers out of
+    // DnsUdpCheck.
+    private class DnsTlsCheck extends DnsUdpCheck {
+        private static final int TCP_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS = 2500;
+        private static final int TCP_TIMEOUT_MS = 2000;
+        private static final int DNS_TLS_PORT = 853;
+        private static final int DNS_HEADER_SIZE = 12;
+
+        private final String mHostname;
+
+        public DnsTlsCheck(@Nullable String hostname, @NonNull InetAddress target,
+                @NonNull Measurement measurement) {
+            super(target, measurement);
+
+            mHostname = hostname;
+            mMeasurement.description = "DNS TLS dst{" + mTarget.getHostAddress() + "} hostname{"
+                    + (mHostname == null ? "" : mHostname) + "}";
+        }
+
+        private SSLSocket setupSSLSocket() throws IOException {
+            // A TrustManager will be created and initialized with a KeyStore containing system
+            // CaCerts. During SSL handshake, it will be used to validate the certificates from
+            // the server.
+            SSLSocket sslSocket = (SSLSocket) SSLSocketFactory.getDefault().createSocket();
+            sslSocket.setSoTimeout(TCP_TIMEOUT_MS);
+
+            if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(mHostname)) {
+                // Set SNI.
+                final List<SNIServerName> names =
+                        Collections.singletonList(new SNIHostName(mHostname));
+                SSLParameters params = sslSocket.getSSLParameters();
+                params.setServerNames(names);
+                sslSocket.setSSLParameters(params);
+            }
+
+            mNetwork.bindSocket(sslSocket);
+            return sslSocket;
+        }
+
+        private void sendDoTProbe(@Nullable SSLSocket sslSocket) throws IOException {
+            final String sixRandomDigits = String.valueOf(mRandom.nextInt(900000) + 100000);
+            final byte[] dnsPacket = getDnsQueryPacket(sixRandomDigits);
+
+            mMeasurement.startTime = now();
+            sslSocket.connect(new InetSocketAddress(mTarget, DNS_TLS_PORT), TCP_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS);
+
+            // Synchronous call waiting for the TLS handshake complete.
+            sslSocket.startHandshake();
+            appendDnsToMeasurementDescription(sixRandomDigits, sslSocket.getLocalSocketAddress());
+
+            final DataOutputStream output = new DataOutputStream(sslSocket.getOutputStream());
+            output.writeShort(dnsPacket.length);
+            output.write(dnsPacket, 0, dnsPacket.length);
+
+            final DataInputStream input = new DataInputStream(sslSocket.getInputStream());
+            final int replyLength = Short.toUnsignedInt(input.readShort());
+            final byte[] reply = new byte[replyLength];
+            int bytesRead = 0;
+            while (bytesRead < replyLength) {
+                bytesRead += input.read(reply, bytesRead, replyLength - bytesRead);
+            }
+
+            if (bytesRead > DNS_HEADER_SIZE && bytesRead == replyLength) {
+                mMeasurement.recordSuccess("1/1 " + responseCodeStr((int) (reply[3]) & 0x0f));
+            } else {
+                mMeasurement.recordFailure("1/1 Read " + bytesRead + " bytes while expected to be "
+                        + replyLength + " bytes");
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void run() {
+            if (ensureMeasurementNecessary()) return;
+
+            // No need to restore the tag, since this thread is only used for this measurement.
+            TrafficStats.getAndSetThreadStatsTag(NetworkStackConstants.TAG_SYSTEM_PROBE);
+
+            try (SSLSocket sslSocket = setupSSLSocket()) {
+                sendDoTProbe(sslSocket);
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                mMeasurement.recordFailure(e.toString());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManager.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManager.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..155f6c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManager.java
@@ -0,0 +1,433 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.app.Notification;
+import android.app.NotificationManager;
+import android.app.PendingIntent;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.res.Resources;
+import android.graphics.drawable.Icon;
+import android.net.ConnectivityResources;
+import android.net.NetworkSpecifier;
+import android.net.TelephonyNetworkSpecifier;
+import android.net.wifi.WifiInfo;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
+import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager;
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.SparseArray;
+import android.util.SparseIntArray;
+import android.widget.Toast;
+
+import com.android.connectivity.resources.R;
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.internal.messages.nano.SystemMessageProto.SystemMessage;
+
+public class NetworkNotificationManager {
+
+
+    public static enum NotificationType {
+        LOST_INTERNET(SystemMessage.NOTE_NETWORK_LOST_INTERNET),
+        NETWORK_SWITCH(SystemMessage.NOTE_NETWORK_SWITCH),
+        NO_INTERNET(SystemMessage.NOTE_NETWORK_NO_INTERNET),
+        PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY(SystemMessage.NOTE_NETWORK_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY),
+        SIGN_IN(SystemMessage.NOTE_NETWORK_SIGN_IN),
+        PRIVATE_DNS_BROKEN(SystemMessage.NOTE_NETWORK_PRIVATE_DNS_BROKEN);
+
+        public final int eventId;
+
+        NotificationType(int eventId) {
+            this.eventId = eventId;
+            Holder.sIdToTypeMap.put(eventId, this);
+        }
+
+        private static class Holder {
+            private static SparseArray<NotificationType> sIdToTypeMap = new SparseArray<>();
+        }
+
+        public static NotificationType getFromId(int id) {
+            return Holder.sIdToTypeMap.get(id);
+        }
+    };
+
+    private static final String TAG = NetworkNotificationManager.class.getSimpleName();
+    private static final boolean DBG = true;
+
+    // Notification channels used by ConnectivityService mainline module, it should be aligned with
+    // SystemNotificationChannels so the channels are the same as the ones used as the system
+    // server.
+    public static final String NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_NETWORK_STATUS = "NETWORK_STATUS";
+    public static final String NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_NETWORK_ALERTS = "NETWORK_ALERTS";
+
+    // The context is for the current user (system server)
+    private final Context mContext;
+    private final ConnectivityResources mResources;
+    private final TelephonyManager mTelephonyManager;
+    // The notification manager is created from a context for User.ALL, so notifications
+    // will be sent to all users.
+    private final NotificationManager mNotificationManager;
+    // Tracks the types of notifications managed by this instance, from creation to cancellation.
+    private final SparseIntArray mNotificationTypeMap;
+
+    public NetworkNotificationManager(@NonNull final Context c, @NonNull final TelephonyManager t) {
+        mContext = c;
+        mTelephonyManager = t;
+        mNotificationManager =
+                (NotificationManager) c.createContextAsUser(UserHandle.ALL, 0 /* flags */)
+                        .getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
+        mNotificationTypeMap = new SparseIntArray();
+        mResources = new ConnectivityResources(mContext);
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected static int approximateTransportType(NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        return nai.isVPN() ? TRANSPORT_VPN : getFirstTransportType(nai);
+    }
+
+    // TODO: deal more gracefully with multi-transport networks.
+    private static int getFirstTransportType(NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        // TODO: The range is wrong, the safer and correct way is to change the range from
+        // MIN_TRANSPORT to MAX_TRANSPORT.
+        for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++) {
+            if (nai.networkCapabilities.hasTransport(i)) return i;
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    private String getTransportName(final int transportType) {
+        String[] networkTypes = mResources.get().getStringArray(R.array.network_switch_type_name);
+        try {
+            return networkTypes[transportType];
+        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+            return mResources.get().getString(R.string.network_switch_type_name_unknown);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static int getIcon(int transportType) {
+        return (transportType == TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                ? R.drawable.stat_notify_wifi_in_range  // TODO: Distinguish ! from ?.
+                : R.drawable.stat_notify_rssi_in_range;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Show or hide network provisioning notifications.
+     *
+     * We use notifications for two purposes: to notify that a network requires sign in
+     * (NotificationType.SIGN_IN), or to notify that a network does not have Internet access
+     * (NotificationType.NO_INTERNET). We display at most one notification per ID, so on a
+     * particular network we can display the notification type that was most recently requested.
+     * So for example if a captive portal fails to reply within a few seconds of connecting, we
+     * might first display NO_INTERNET, and then when the captive portal check completes, display
+     * SIGN_IN.
+     *
+     * @param id an identifier that uniquely identifies this notification.  This must match
+     *         between show and hide calls.  We use the NetID value but for legacy callers
+     *         we concatenate the range of types with the range of NetIDs.
+     * @param notifyType the type of the notification.
+     * @param nai the network with which the notification is associated. For a SIGN_IN, NO_INTERNET,
+     *         or LOST_INTERNET notification, this is the network we're connecting to. For a
+     *         NETWORK_SWITCH notification it's the network that we switched from. When this network
+     *         disconnects the notification is removed.
+     * @param switchToNai for a NETWORK_SWITCH notification, the network we are switching to. Null
+     *         in all other cases. Only used to determine the text of the notification.
+     */
+    public void showNotification(int id, NotificationType notifyType, NetworkAgentInfo nai,
+            NetworkAgentInfo switchToNai, PendingIntent intent, boolean highPriority) {
+        final String tag = tagFor(id);
+        final int eventId = notifyType.eventId;
+        final int transportType;
+        final CharSequence name;
+        if (nai != null) {
+            transportType = approximateTransportType(nai);
+            final String extraInfo = nai.networkInfo.getExtraInfo();
+            if (nai.linkProperties != null && nai.linkProperties.getCaptivePortalData() != null
+                    && !TextUtils.isEmpty(nai.linkProperties.getCaptivePortalData()
+                    .getVenueFriendlyName())) {
+                name = nai.linkProperties.getCaptivePortalData().getVenueFriendlyName();
+            } else {
+                name = TextUtils.isEmpty(extraInfo)
+                        ? WifiInfo.sanitizeSsid(nai.networkCapabilities.getSsid()) : extraInfo;
+            }
+            // Only notify for Internet-capable networks.
+            if (!nai.networkCapabilities.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)) return;
+        } else {
+            // Legacy notifications.
+            transportType = TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
+            name = "";
+        }
+
+        // Clear any previous notification with lower priority, otherwise return. http://b/63676954.
+        // A new SIGN_IN notification with a new intent should override any existing one.
+        final int previousEventId = mNotificationTypeMap.get(id);
+        final NotificationType previousNotifyType = NotificationType.getFromId(previousEventId);
+        if (priority(previousNotifyType) > priority(notifyType)) {
+            Log.d(TAG, String.format(
+                    "ignoring notification %s for network %s with existing notification %s",
+                    notifyType, id, previousNotifyType));
+            return;
+        }
+        clearNotification(id);
+
+        if (DBG) {
+            Log.d(TAG, String.format(
+                    "showNotification tag=%s event=%s transport=%s name=%s highPriority=%s",
+                    tag, nameOf(eventId), getTransportName(transportType), name, highPriority));
+        }
+
+        final Resources r = mResources.get();
+        if (highPriority && maybeNotifyViaDialog(r, notifyType, intent)) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "Notified via dialog for event " + nameOf(eventId));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final CharSequence title;
+        final CharSequence details;
+        Icon icon = Icon.createWithResource(
+                mResources.getResourcesContext(), getIcon(transportType));
+        final boolean showAsNoInternet = notifyType == NotificationType.PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY
+                && r.getBoolean(R.bool.config_partialConnectivityNotifiedAsNoInternet);
+        if (showAsNoInternet) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "Showing partial connectivity as NO_INTERNET");
+        }
+        if ((notifyType == NotificationType.NO_INTERNET || showAsNoInternet)
+                && transportType == TRANSPORT_WIFI) {
+            title = r.getString(R.string.wifi_no_internet, name);
+            details = r.getString(R.string.wifi_no_internet_detailed);
+        } else if (notifyType == NotificationType.PRIVATE_DNS_BROKEN) {
+            if (transportType == TRANSPORT_CELLULAR) {
+                title = r.getString(R.string.mobile_no_internet);
+            } else if (transportType == TRANSPORT_WIFI) {
+                title = r.getString(R.string.wifi_no_internet, name);
+            } else {
+                title = r.getString(R.string.other_networks_no_internet);
+            }
+            details = r.getString(R.string.private_dns_broken_detailed);
+        } else if (notifyType == NotificationType.PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY
+                && transportType == TRANSPORT_WIFI) {
+            title = r.getString(R.string.network_partial_connectivity, name);
+            details = r.getString(R.string.network_partial_connectivity_detailed);
+        } else if (notifyType == NotificationType.LOST_INTERNET &&
+                transportType == TRANSPORT_WIFI) {
+            title = r.getString(R.string.wifi_no_internet, name);
+            details = r.getString(R.string.wifi_no_internet_detailed);
+        } else if (notifyType == NotificationType.SIGN_IN) {
+            switch (transportType) {
+                case TRANSPORT_WIFI:
+                    title = r.getString(R.string.wifi_available_sign_in, 0);
+                    details = r.getString(R.string.network_available_sign_in_detailed, name);
+                    break;
+                case TRANSPORT_CELLULAR:
+                    title = r.getString(R.string.network_available_sign_in, 0);
+                    // TODO: Change this to pull from NetworkInfo once a printable
+                    // name has been added to it
+                    NetworkSpecifier specifier = nai.networkCapabilities.getNetworkSpecifier();
+                    int subId = SubscriptionManager.DEFAULT_SUBSCRIPTION_ID;
+                    if (specifier instanceof TelephonyNetworkSpecifier) {
+                        subId = ((TelephonyNetworkSpecifier) specifier).getSubscriptionId();
+                    }
+
+                    details = mTelephonyManager.createForSubscriptionId(subId)
+                            .getNetworkOperatorName();
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    title = r.getString(R.string.network_available_sign_in, 0);
+                    details = r.getString(R.string.network_available_sign_in_detailed, name);
+                    break;
+            }
+        } else if (notifyType == NotificationType.NETWORK_SWITCH) {
+            String fromTransport = getTransportName(transportType);
+            String toTransport = getTransportName(approximateTransportType(switchToNai));
+            title = r.getString(R.string.network_switch_metered, toTransport);
+            details = r.getString(R.string.network_switch_metered_detail, toTransport,
+                    fromTransport);
+        } else if (notifyType == NotificationType.NO_INTERNET
+                    || notifyType == NotificationType.PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY) {
+            // NO_INTERNET and PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY notification for non-WiFi networks
+            // are sent, but they are not implemented yet.
+            return;
+        } else {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "Unknown notification type " + notifyType + " on network transport "
+                    + getTransportName(transportType));
+            return;
+        }
+        // When replacing an existing notification for a given network, don't alert, just silently
+        // update the existing notification. Note that setOnlyAlertOnce() will only work for the
+        // same id, and the id used here is the NotificationType which is different in every type of
+        // notification. This is required because the notification metrics only track the ID but not
+        // the tag.
+        final boolean hasPreviousNotification = previousNotifyType != null;
+        final String channelId = (highPriority && !hasPreviousNotification)
+                ? NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_NETWORK_ALERTS : NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_NETWORK_STATUS;
+        Notification.Builder builder = new Notification.Builder(mContext, channelId)
+                .setWhen(System.currentTimeMillis())
+                .setShowWhen(notifyType == NotificationType.NETWORK_SWITCH)
+                .setSmallIcon(icon)
+                .setAutoCancel(r.getBoolean(R.bool.config_autoCancelNetworkNotifications))
+                .setTicker(title)
+                .setColor(mContext.getColor(android.R.color.system_notification_accent_color))
+                .setContentTitle(title)
+                .setContentIntent(intent)
+                .setLocalOnly(true)
+                .setOnlyAlertOnce(true)
+                // TODO: consider having action buttons to disconnect on the sign-in notification
+                // especially if it is ongoing
+                .setOngoing(notifyType == NotificationType.SIGN_IN
+                        && r.getBoolean(R.bool.config_ongoingSignInNotification));
+
+        if (notifyType == NotificationType.NETWORK_SWITCH) {
+            builder.setStyle(new Notification.BigTextStyle().bigText(details));
+        } else {
+            builder.setContentText(details);
+        }
+
+        if (notifyType == NotificationType.SIGN_IN) {
+            builder.extend(new Notification.TvExtender().setChannelId(channelId));
+        }
+
+        Notification notification = builder.build();
+
+        mNotificationTypeMap.put(id, eventId);
+        try {
+            mNotificationManager.notify(tag, eventId, notification);
+        } catch (NullPointerException npe) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "setNotificationVisible: visible notificationManager error", npe);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean maybeNotifyViaDialog(Resources res, NotificationType notifyType,
+            PendingIntent intent) {
+        if (notifyType != NotificationType.NO_INTERNET
+                && notifyType != NotificationType.PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (!res.getBoolean(R.bool.config_notifyNoInternetAsDialogWhenHighPriority)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            intent.send();
+        } catch (PendingIntent.CanceledException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Error sending dialog PendingIntent", e);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clear the notification with the given id, only if it matches the given type.
+     */
+    public void clearNotification(int id, NotificationType notifyType) {
+        final int previousEventId = mNotificationTypeMap.get(id);
+        final NotificationType previousNotifyType = NotificationType.getFromId(previousEventId);
+        if (notifyType != previousNotifyType) {
+            return;
+        }
+        clearNotification(id);
+    }
+
+    public void clearNotification(int id) {
+        if (mNotificationTypeMap.indexOfKey(id) < 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+        final String tag = tagFor(id);
+        final int eventId = mNotificationTypeMap.get(id);
+        if (DBG) {
+            Log.d(TAG, String.format("clearing notification tag=%s event=%s", tag,
+                   nameOf(eventId)));
+        }
+        try {
+            mNotificationManager.cancel(tag, eventId);
+        } catch (NullPointerException npe) {
+            Log.d(TAG, String.format(
+                    "failed to clear notification tag=%s event=%s", tag, nameOf(eventId)), npe);
+        }
+        mNotificationTypeMap.delete(id);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Legacy provisioning notifications coming directly from DcTracker.
+     */
+    public void setProvNotificationVisible(boolean visible, int id, String action) {
+        if (visible) {
+            // For legacy purposes, action is sent as the action + the phone ID from DcTracker.
+            // Split the string here and send the phone ID as an extra instead.
+            String[] splitAction = action.split(":");
+            Intent intent = new Intent(splitAction[0]);
+            try {
+                intent.putExtra("provision.phone.id", Integer.parseInt(splitAction[1]));
+            } catch (NumberFormatException ignored) { }
+            PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(
+                    mContext, 0 /* requestCode */, intent, PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
+            showNotification(id, NotificationType.SIGN_IN, null, null, pendingIntent, false);
+        } else {
+            clearNotification(id);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void showToast(NetworkAgentInfo fromNai, NetworkAgentInfo toNai) {
+        String fromTransport = getTransportName(approximateTransportType(fromNai));
+        String toTransport = getTransportName(approximateTransportType(toNai));
+        String text = mResources.get().getString(
+                R.string.network_switch_metered_toast, fromTransport, toTransport);
+        Toast.makeText(mContext, text, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static String tagFor(int id) {
+        return String.format("ConnectivityNotification:%d", id);
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static String nameOf(int eventId) {
+        NotificationType t = NotificationType.getFromId(eventId);
+        return (t != null) ? t.name() : "UNKNOWN";
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A notification with a higher number will take priority over a notification with a lower
+     * number.
+     */
+    private static int priority(NotificationType t) {
+        if (t == null) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        switch (t) {
+            case SIGN_IN:
+                return 6;
+            case PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY:
+                return 5;
+            case PRIVATE_DNS_BROKEN:
+                return 4;
+            case NO_INTERNET:
+                return 3;
+            case NETWORK_SWITCH:
+                return 2;
+            case LOST_INTERNET:
+                return 1;
+            default:
+                return 0;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkOffer.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkOffer.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e975dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkOffer.java
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.net.INetworkOfferCallback;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * Represents an offer made by a NetworkProvider to create a network if a need arises.
+ *
+ * This class contains the prospective score and capabilities of the network. The provider
+ * is not obligated to caps able to create a network satisfying this, nor to build a network
+ * with the exact score and/or capabilities passed ; after all, not all providers know in
+ * advance what a network will look like after it's connected. Instead, this is meant as a
+ * filter to limit requests sent to the provider by connectivity to those that this offer stands
+ * a chance to fulfill.
+ *
+ * @see NetworkProvider#offerNetwork.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class NetworkOffer implements NetworkRanker.Scoreable {
+    @NonNull public final FullScore score;
+    @NonNull public final NetworkCapabilities caps;
+    @NonNull public final INetworkOfferCallback callback;
+    @NonNull public final int providerId;
+    // While this could, in principle, be deduced from the old values of the satisfying networks,
+    // doing so would add a lot of complexity and performance penalties. For each request, the
+    // ranker would have to run again to figure out if this offer used to be able to beat the
+    // previous satisfier to know if there is a change in whether this offer is now needed ;
+    // besides, there would be a need to handle an edge case when a new request comes online,
+    // where it's not satisfied before the first rematch, where starting to satisfy a request
+    // should not result in sending unneeded to this offer. This boolean, while requiring that
+    // the offers are only ever manipulated on the CS thread, is by far a simpler and
+    // economical solution.
+    private final Set<NetworkRequest> mCurrentlyNeeded = new HashSet<>();
+
+    public NetworkOffer(@NonNull final FullScore score,
+            @NonNull final NetworkCapabilities caps,
+            @NonNull final INetworkOfferCallback callback,
+            @NonNull final int providerId) {
+        this.score = Objects.requireNonNull(score);
+        this.caps = Objects.requireNonNull(caps);
+        this.callback = Objects.requireNonNull(callback);
+        this.providerId = providerId;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the score filter of this offer
+     */
+    @Override @NonNull public FullScore getScore() {
+        return score;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the capabilities filter of this offer
+     */
+    @Override @NonNull public NetworkCapabilities getCapsNoCopy() {
+        return caps;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tell the provider for this offer that the network is needed for a request.
+     * @param request the request for which the offer is needed
+     */
+    public void onNetworkNeeded(@NonNull final NetworkRequest request) {
+        if (mCurrentlyNeeded.contains(request)) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Network already needed");
+        }
+        mCurrentlyNeeded.add(request);
+        try {
+            callback.onNetworkNeeded(request);
+        } catch (final RemoteException e) {
+            // The provider is dead. It will be removed by the death recipient.
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tell the provider for this offer that the network is no longer needed for this request.
+     *
+     * onNetworkNeeded will have been called with the same request before.
+     *
+     * @param request the request
+     */
+    public void onNetworkUnneeded(@NonNull final NetworkRequest request) {
+        if (!mCurrentlyNeeded.contains(request)) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Network already unneeded");
+        }
+        mCurrentlyNeeded.remove(request);
+        try {
+            callback.onNetworkUnneeded(request);
+        } catch (final RemoteException e) {
+            // The provider is dead. It will be removed by the death recipient.
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether this offer is currently needed for this request.
+     * @param request the request
+     * @return whether the offer is currently considered needed
+     */
+    public boolean neededFor(@NonNull final NetworkRequest request) {
+        return mCurrentlyNeeded.contains(request);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Migrate from, and take over, a previous offer.
+     *
+     * When an updated offer is sent from a provider, call this method on the new offer, passing
+     * the old one, to take over the state.
+     *
+     * @param previousOffer the previous offer
+     */
+    public void migrateFrom(@NonNull final NetworkOffer previousOffer) {
+        if (!callback.asBinder().equals(previousOffer.callback.asBinder())) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Can only migrate from a previous version of"
+                    + " the same offer");
+        }
+        mCurrentlyNeeded.clear();
+        mCurrentlyNeeded.addAll(previousOffer.mCurrentlyNeeded);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "NetworkOffer [ Score " + score + " Caps " + caps + "]";
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRanker.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRanker.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..babc353
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRanker.java
@@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
+import static android.net.NetworkScore.POLICY_EXITING;
+import static android.net.NetworkScore.POLICY_TRANSPORT_PRIMARY;
+import static android.net.NetworkScore.POLICY_YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils.filter;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_ACCEPT_UNVALIDATED;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_EVER_USER_SELECTED;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_EVER_VALIDATED_NOT_AVOIDED_WHEN_BAD;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_IS_DESTROYED;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_IS_INVINCIBLE;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_IS_VALIDATED;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_IS_VPN;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
+
+/**
+ * A class that knows how to find the best network matching a request out of a list of networks.
+ */
+public class NetworkRanker {
+    // Historically the legacy ints have been 0~100 in principle (though the highest score in
+    // AOSP has always been 90). This is relied on by VPNs that send a legacy score of 101.
+    public static final int LEGACY_INT_MAX = 100;
+
+    /**
+     * A class that can be scored against other scoreables.
+     */
+    public interface Scoreable {
+        /** Get score of this scoreable */
+        FullScore getScore();
+        /** Get capabilities of this scoreable */
+        NetworkCapabilities getCapsNoCopy();
+    }
+
+    public NetworkRanker() { }
+
+    /**
+     * Find the best network satisfying this request among the list of passed networks.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public NetworkAgentInfo getBestNetwork(@NonNull final NetworkRequest request,
+            @NonNull final Collection<NetworkAgentInfo> nais,
+            @Nullable final NetworkAgentInfo currentSatisfier) {
+        final ArrayList<NetworkAgentInfo> candidates = filter(nais, nai -> nai.satisfies(request));
+        if (candidates.size() == 1) return candidates.get(0); // Only one potential satisfier
+        if (candidates.size() <= 0) return null; // No network can satisfy this request
+        return getBestNetworkByPolicy(candidates, currentSatisfier);
+    }
+
+    // Transport preference order, if it comes down to that.
+    private static final int[] PREFERRED_TRANSPORTS_ORDER = { TRANSPORT_ETHERNET, TRANSPORT_WIFI,
+            TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH, TRANSPORT_CELLULAR };
+
+    // Function used to partition a list into two working areas depending on whether they
+    // satisfy a predicate. All items satisfying the predicate will be put in |positive|, all
+    // items that don't will be put in |negative|.
+    // This is useful in this file because many of the ranking checks will retain only networks that
+    // satisfy a predicate if any of them do, but keep them all if all of them do. Having working
+    // areas is uncustomary in Java, but this function is called in a fairly intensive manner
+    // and doing allocation quite that often might affect performance quite badly.
+    private static <T> void partitionInto(@NonNull final List<T> source, @NonNull Predicate<T> test,
+            @NonNull final List<T> positive, @NonNull final List<T> negative) {
+        positive.clear();
+        negative.clear();
+        for (final T item : source) {
+            if (test.test(item)) {
+                positive.add(item);
+            } else {
+                negative.add(item);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private <T extends Scoreable> boolean isBadWiFi(@NonNull final T candidate) {
+        return candidate.getScore().hasPolicy(POLICY_EVER_VALIDATED_NOT_AVOIDED_WHEN_BAD)
+                && candidate.getCapsNoCopy().hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Apply the "yield to bad WiFi" policy.
+     *
+     * This function must run immediately after the validation policy.
+     *
+     * If any of the accepted networks has the "yield to bad WiFi" policy AND there are some
+     * bad WiFis in the rejected list, then move the networks with the policy to the rejected
+     * list. If this leaves no accepted network, then move the bad WiFis back to the accepted list.
+     *
+     * This function returns nothing, but will have updated accepted and rejected in-place.
+     *
+     * @param accepted networks accepted by the validation policy
+     * @param rejected networks rejected by the validation policy
+     */
+    private <T extends Scoreable> void applyYieldToBadWifiPolicy(@NonNull ArrayList<T> accepted,
+            @NonNull ArrayList<T> rejected) {
+        if (!CollectionUtils.any(accepted, n -> n.getScore().hasPolicy(POLICY_YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI))) {
+            // No network with the policy : do nothing.
+            return;
+        }
+        if (!CollectionUtils.any(rejected, n -> isBadWiFi(n))) {
+            // No bad WiFi : do nothing.
+            return;
+        }
+        if (CollectionUtils.all(accepted, n -> n.getScore().hasPolicy(POLICY_YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI))) {
+            // All validated networks yield to bad WiFis : keep bad WiFis alongside with the
+            // yielders. This is important because the yielders need to be compared to the bad
+            // wifis by the following policies (e.g. exiting).
+            final ArrayList<T> acceptedYielders = new ArrayList<>(accepted);
+            final ArrayList<T> rejectedWithBadWiFis = new ArrayList<>(rejected);
+            partitionInto(rejectedWithBadWiFis, n -> isBadWiFi(n), accepted, rejected);
+            accepted.addAll(acceptedYielders);
+            return;
+        }
+        // Only some of the validated networks yield to bad WiFi : keep only the ones who don't.
+        final ArrayList<T> acceptedWithYielders = new ArrayList<>(accepted);
+        partitionInto(acceptedWithYielders, n -> !n.getScore().hasPolicy(POLICY_YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI),
+                accepted, rejected);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the best network among a list of candidates according to policy.
+     * @param candidates the candidates
+     * @param currentSatisfier the current satisfier, or null if none
+     * @return the best network
+     */
+    @Nullable public <T extends Scoreable> T getBestNetworkByPolicy(
+            @NonNull List<T> candidates,
+            @Nullable final T currentSatisfier) {
+        // Used as working areas.
+        final ArrayList<T> accepted =
+                new ArrayList<>(candidates.size() /* initialCapacity */);
+        final ArrayList<T> rejected =
+                new ArrayList<>(candidates.size() /* initialCapacity */);
+
+        // The following tests will search for a network matching a given criterion. They all
+        // function the same way : if any network matches the criterion, drop from consideration
+        // all networks that don't. To achieve this, the tests below :
+        // 1. partition the list of remaining candidates into accepted and rejected networks.
+        // 2. if only one candidate remains, that's the winner : if accepted.size == 1 return [0]
+        // 3. if multiple remain, keep only the accepted networks and go on to the next criterion.
+        //    Because the working areas will be wiped, a copy of the accepted networks needs to be
+        //    made.
+        // 4. if none remain, the criterion did not help discriminate so keep them all. As an
+        //    optimization, skip creating a new array and go on to the next criterion.
+
+        // If a network is invincible, use it.
+        partitionInto(candidates, nai -> nai.getScore().hasPolicy(POLICY_IS_INVINCIBLE),
+                accepted, rejected);
+        if (accepted.size() == 1) return accepted.get(0);
+        if (accepted.size() > 0 && rejected.size() > 0) candidates = new ArrayList<>(accepted);
+
+        // If there is a connected VPN, use it.
+        partitionInto(candidates, nai -> nai.getScore().hasPolicy(POLICY_IS_VPN),
+                accepted, rejected);
+        if (accepted.size() == 1) return accepted.get(0);
+        if (accepted.size() > 0 && rejected.size() > 0) candidates = new ArrayList<>(accepted);
+
+        // Selected & Accept-unvalidated policy : if any network has both of these, then don't
+        // choose one that doesn't.
+        partitionInto(candidates, nai -> nai.getScore().hasPolicy(POLICY_EVER_USER_SELECTED)
+                        && nai.getScore().hasPolicy(POLICY_ACCEPT_UNVALIDATED),
+                accepted, rejected);
+        if (accepted.size() == 1) return accepted.get(0);
+        if (accepted.size() > 0 && rejected.size() > 0) candidates = new ArrayList<>(accepted);
+
+        // If any network is validated (or should be accepted even if it's not validated), then
+        // don't choose one that isn't.
+        partitionInto(candidates, nai -> nai.getScore().hasPolicy(POLICY_IS_VALIDATED)
+                        || nai.getScore().hasPolicy(POLICY_ACCEPT_UNVALIDATED),
+                accepted, rejected);
+        // Yield to bad wifi policy : if any network has the "yield to bad WiFi" policy and
+        // there are bad WiFis connected, then accept the bad WiFis and reject the networks with
+        // the policy.
+        applyYieldToBadWifiPolicy(accepted, rejected);
+        if (accepted.size() == 1) return accepted.get(0);
+        if (accepted.size() > 0 && rejected.size() > 0) candidates = new ArrayList<>(accepted);
+
+        // If any network is not exiting, don't choose one that is.
+        partitionInto(candidates, nai -> !nai.getScore().hasPolicy(POLICY_EXITING),
+                accepted, rejected);
+        if (accepted.size() == 1) return accepted.get(0);
+        if (accepted.size() > 0 && rejected.size() > 0) candidates = new ArrayList<>(accepted);
+
+        // TODO : If any network is unmetered, don't choose a metered network.
+        // This can't be implemented immediately because prospective networks are always
+        // considered unmetered because factories don't know if the network will be metered.
+        // Saying an unmetered network always beats a metered one would mean that when metered wifi
+        // is connected, the offer for telephony would beat WiFi but the actual metered network
+        // would lose, so we'd have an infinite loop where telephony would continually bring up
+        // a network that is immediately torn down.
+        // Fix this by getting the agent to tell connectivity whether the network they will
+        // bring up is metered. Cell knows that in advance, while WiFi has a good estimate and
+        // can revise it if the network later turns out to be metered.
+        // partitionInto(candidates, nai -> nai.getScore().hasPolicy(POLICY_IS_UNMETERED),
+        //         accepted, rejected);
+        // if (accepted.size() == 1) return accepted.get(0);
+        // if (accepted.size() > 0 && rejected.size() > 0) candidates = new ArrayList<>(accepted);
+
+        // If any network is for the default subscription, don't choose a network for another
+        // subscription with the same transport.
+        partitionInto(candidates, nai -> nai.getScore().hasPolicy(POLICY_TRANSPORT_PRIMARY),
+                accepted, rejected);
+        if (accepted.size() > 0) {
+            // Some networks are primary for their transport. For each transport, keep only the
+            // primary, but also keep all networks for which there isn't a primary (which are now
+            // in the |rejected| array).
+            // So for each primary network, remove from |rejected| all networks with the same
+            // transports as one of the primary networks. The remaining networks should be accepted.
+            for (final T defaultSubNai : accepted) {
+                final int[] transports = defaultSubNai.getCapsNoCopy().getTransportTypes();
+                rejected.removeIf(
+                        nai -> Arrays.equals(transports, nai.getCapsNoCopy().getTransportTypes()));
+            }
+            // Now the |rejected| list contains networks with transports for which there isn't
+            // a primary network. Add them back to the candidates.
+            accepted.addAll(rejected);
+            candidates = new ArrayList<>(accepted);
+        }
+        if (1 == candidates.size()) return candidates.get(0);
+        // If there were no primary network, then candidates.size() > 0 because it didn't
+        // change from the previous result. If there were, it's guaranteed candidates.size() > 0
+        // because accepted.size() > 0 above.
+
+        // If some of the networks have a better transport than others, keep only the ones with
+        // the best transports.
+        for (final int transport : PREFERRED_TRANSPORTS_ORDER) {
+            partitionInto(candidates, nai -> nai.getCapsNoCopy().hasTransport(transport),
+                    accepted, rejected);
+            if (accepted.size() == 1) return accepted.get(0);
+            if (accepted.size() > 0 && rejected.size() > 0) {
+                candidates = new ArrayList<>(accepted);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // If two networks are equivalent, and one has been destroyed pending replacement, keep the
+        // other one. This ensures that when the replacement connects, it's preferred.
+        partitionInto(candidates, nai -> !nai.getScore().hasPolicy(POLICY_IS_DESTROYED),
+                accepted, rejected);
+        if (accepted.size() == 1) return accepted.get(0);
+        if (accepted.size() > 0 && rejected.size() > 0) {
+            candidates = new ArrayList<>(accepted);
+        }
+
+        // At this point there are still multiple networks passing all the tests above. If any
+        // of them is the previous satisfier, keep it.
+        if (candidates.contains(currentSatisfier)) return currentSatisfier;
+
+        // If there are still multiple options at this point but none of them is any of the
+        // transports above, it doesn't matter which is returned. They are all the same.
+        return candidates.get(0);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether a {@link Scoreable} has a chance to beat a champion network for a request.
+     *
+     * Offers are sent by network providers when they think they might be able to make a network
+     * with the characteristics contained in the offer. If the offer has no chance to beat
+     * the currently best network for a given request, there is no point in the provider spending
+     * power trying to find and bring up such a network.
+     *
+     * Note that having an offer up does not constitute a commitment from the provider part
+     * to be able to bring up a network with these characteristics, or a network at all for
+     * that matter. This is only used to save power by letting providers know when they can't
+     * beat a current champion.
+     *
+     * @param request The request to evaluate against.
+     * @param champion The currently best network for this request.
+     * @param contestant The offer.
+     * @return Whether the offer stands a chance to beat the champion.
+     */
+    public boolean mightBeat(@NonNull final NetworkRequest request,
+            @Nullable final NetworkAgentInfo champion,
+            @NonNull final Scoreable contestant) {
+        // If this network can't even satisfy the request then it can't beat anything, not
+        // even an absence of network. It can't satisfy it anyway.
+        if (!request.canBeSatisfiedBy(contestant.getCapsNoCopy())) return false;
+        // If there is no satisfying network, then this network can beat, because some network
+        // is always better than no network.
+        if (null == champion) return true;
+        // If there is no champion, the offer can always beat.
+        // Otherwise rank them.
+        final ArrayList<Scoreable> candidates = new ArrayList<>();
+        candidates.add(champion);
+        candidates.add(contestant);
+        return contestant == getBestNetworkByPolicy(candidates, champion);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2885ba7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1047 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import static android.Manifest.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.INTERNET;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageInfo.REQUESTED_PERMISSION_GRANTED;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.GET_PERMISSIONS;
+import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.UIDS_ALLOWED_ON_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS;
+import static android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_INTERNET;
+import static android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_NETWORK;
+import static android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_NONE;
+import static android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_SYSTEM;
+import static android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED;
+import static android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS;
+import static android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK;
+import static android.os.Process.INVALID_UID;
+import static android.os.Process.SYSTEM_UID;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils.toIntArray;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.IntentFilter;
+import android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo;
+import android.content.pm.PackageInfo;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager.NameNotFoundException;
+import android.database.ContentObserver;
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager;
+import android.net.INetd;
+import android.net.UidRange;
+import android.net.Uri;
+import android.net.util.SharedLog;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Process;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
+import android.os.SystemConfigManager;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
+import android.os.UserManager;
+import android.provider.Settings;
+import android.util.ArrayMap;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.SparseIntArray;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.internal.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.ProcessShimImpl;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.ProcessShim;
+import com.android.server.BpfNetMaps;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * A utility class to inform Netd of UID permissions.
+ * Does a mass update at boot and then monitors for app install/remove.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class PermissionMonitor {
+    private static final String TAG = "PermissionMonitor";
+    private static final boolean DBG = true;
+    private static final int VERSION_Q = Build.VERSION_CODES.Q;
+
+    private final PackageManager mPackageManager;
+    private final UserManager mUserManager;
+    private final SystemConfigManager mSystemConfigManager;
+    private final INetd mNetd;
+    private final Dependencies mDeps;
+    private final Context mContext;
+    private final BpfNetMaps mBpfNetMaps;
+
+    private static final ProcessShim sProcessShim = ProcessShimImpl.newInstance();
+
+    @GuardedBy("this")
+    private final Set<UserHandle> mUsers = new HashSet<>();
+
+    // Keys are uids. Values are netd network permissions.
+    @GuardedBy("this")
+    private final SparseIntArray mUidToNetworkPerm = new SparseIntArray();
+
+    // Keys are active non-bypassable and fully-routed VPN's interface name, Values are uid ranges
+    // for apps under the VPN
+    @GuardedBy("this")
+    private final Map<String, Set<UidRange>> mVpnUidRanges = new HashMap<>();
+
+    // A set of appIds for apps across all users on the device. We track appIds instead of uids
+    // directly to reduce its size and also eliminate the need to update this set when user is
+    // added/removed.
+    @GuardedBy("this")
+    private final Set<Integer> mAllApps = new HashSet<>();
+
+    // A set of uids which are allowed to use restricted networks. The packages of these uids can't
+    // hold the CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS permission because they can't be
+    // signature|privileged apps. However, these apps should still be able to use restricted
+    // networks under certain conditions (e.g. government app using emergency services). So grant
+    // netd system permission to these uids which is listed in UIDS_ALLOWED_ON_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS.
+    @GuardedBy("this")
+    private final Set<Integer> mUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks = new ArraySet<>();
+
+    @GuardedBy("this")
+    private final Map<UserHandle, PackageManager> mUsersPackageManager = new ArrayMap<>();
+
+    private static final int SYSTEM_APPID = SYSTEM_UID;
+
+    private static final int MAX_PERMISSION_UPDATE_LOGS = 40;
+    private final SharedLog mPermissionUpdateLogs = new SharedLog(MAX_PERMISSION_UPDATE_LOGS, TAG);
+
+    private BroadcastReceiver mIntentReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
+        @Override
+        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+            final String action = intent.getAction();
+
+            if (Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED.equals(action)) {
+                final int uid = intent.getIntExtra(Intent.EXTRA_UID, -1);
+                final Uri packageData = intent.getData();
+                final String packageName =
+                        packageData != null ? packageData.getSchemeSpecificPart() : null;
+                onPackageAdded(packageName, uid);
+            } else if (Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_REMOVED.equals(action)) {
+                final int uid = intent.getIntExtra(Intent.EXTRA_UID, -1);
+                final Uri packageData = intent.getData();
+                final String packageName =
+                        packageData != null ? packageData.getSchemeSpecificPart() : null;
+                onPackageRemoved(packageName, uid);
+            } else if (Intent.ACTION_EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_AVAILABLE.equals(action)) {
+                final String[] pkgList =
+                        intent.getStringArrayExtra(Intent.EXTRA_CHANGED_PACKAGE_LIST);
+                onExternalApplicationsAvailable(pkgList);
+            } else {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "received unexpected intent: " + action);
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Dependencies of PermissionMonitor, for injection in tests.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static class Dependencies {
+        /**
+         * Get device first sdk version.
+         */
+        public int getDeviceFirstSdkInt() {
+            return Build.VERSION.DEVICE_INITIAL_SDK_INT;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Get uids allowed to use restricted networks via ConnectivitySettingsManager.
+         */
+        public Set<Integer> getUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(@NonNull Context context) {
+            return ConnectivitySettingsManager.getUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(context);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Register ContentObserver for given Uri.
+         */
+        public void registerContentObserver(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull Uri uri,
+                boolean notifyForDescendants, @NonNull ContentObserver observer) {
+            context.getContentResolver().registerContentObserver(
+                    uri, notifyForDescendants, observer);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public PermissionMonitor(@NonNull final Context context, @NonNull final INetd netd,
+            @NonNull final BpfNetMaps bpfNetMaps) {
+        this(context, netd, bpfNetMaps, new Dependencies());
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    PermissionMonitor(@NonNull final Context context, @NonNull final INetd netd,
+            @NonNull final BpfNetMaps bpfNetMaps,
+            @NonNull final Dependencies deps) {
+        mPackageManager = context.getPackageManager();
+        mUserManager = (UserManager) context.getSystemService(Context.USER_SERVICE);
+        mSystemConfigManager = context.getSystemService(SystemConfigManager.class);
+        mNetd = netd;
+        mDeps = deps;
+        mContext = context;
+        mBpfNetMaps = bpfNetMaps;
+    }
+
+    private int getPackageNetdNetworkPermission(@NonNull final PackageInfo app) {
+        if (hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(app)) {
+            return PERMISSION_SYSTEM;
+        }
+        if (hasNetworkPermission(app)) {
+            return PERMISSION_NETWORK;
+        }
+        return PERMISSION_NONE;
+    }
+
+    static boolean isHigherNetworkPermission(final int targetPermission,
+            final int currentPermission) {
+        // This is relied on strict order of network permissions (SYSTEM > NETWORK > NONE), and it
+        // is enforced in tests.
+        return targetPermission > currentPermission;
+    }
+
+    private List<PackageInfo> getInstalledPackagesAsUser(final UserHandle user) {
+        return mPackageManager.getInstalledPackagesAsUser(GET_PERMISSIONS, user.getIdentifier());
+    }
+
+    private synchronized void updateAllApps(final List<PackageInfo> apps) {
+        for (PackageInfo app : apps) {
+            final int appId = app.applicationInfo != null
+                    ? UserHandle.getAppId(app.applicationInfo.uid) : INVALID_UID;
+            if (appId < 0) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            mAllApps.add(appId);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static boolean hasSdkSandbox(final int uid) {
+        return SdkLevel.isAtLeastT() && Process.isApplicationUid(uid);
+    }
+
+    // Return the network permission for the passed list of apps. Note that this depends on the
+    // current settings of the device (See isUidAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks).
+    private SparseIntArray makeUidsNetworkPerm(final List<PackageInfo> apps) {
+        final SparseIntArray uidsPerm = new SparseIntArray();
+        for (PackageInfo app : apps) {
+            final int uid = app.applicationInfo != null ? app.applicationInfo.uid : INVALID_UID;
+            if (uid < 0) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            final int permission = getPackageNetdNetworkPermission(app);
+            if (isHigherNetworkPermission(permission, uidsPerm.get(uid, PERMISSION_NONE))) {
+                uidsPerm.put(uid, permission);
+                if (hasSdkSandbox(uid)) {
+                    int sdkSandboxUid = sProcessShim.toSdkSandboxUid(uid);
+                    uidsPerm.put(sdkSandboxUid, permission);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return uidsPerm;
+    }
+
+    private static SparseIntArray makeAppIdsTrafficPerm(final List<PackageInfo> apps) {
+        final SparseIntArray appIdsPerm = new SparseIntArray();
+        for (PackageInfo app : apps) {
+            final int appId = app.applicationInfo != null
+                    ? UserHandle.getAppId(app.applicationInfo.uid) : INVALID_UID;
+            if (appId < 0) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            final int otherNetdPerms = getNetdPermissionMask(app.requestedPermissions,
+                    app.requestedPermissionsFlags);
+            final int permission = appIdsPerm.get(appId) | otherNetdPerms;
+            appIdsPerm.put(appId, permission);
+            if (hasSdkSandbox(appId)) {
+                appIdsPerm.put(sProcessShim.toSdkSandboxUid(appId), permission);
+            }
+        }
+        return appIdsPerm;
+    }
+
+    private synchronized void updateUidsNetworkPermission(final SparseIntArray uids) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < uids.size(); i++) {
+            mUidToNetworkPerm.put(uids.keyAt(i), uids.valueAt(i));
+        }
+        sendUidsNetworkPermission(uids, true /* add */);
+    }
+
+    private void updateAppIdsTrafficPermission(final SparseIntArray appIds,
+            final SparseIntArray extraAppIds) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < extraAppIds.size(); i++) {
+            final int appId = extraAppIds.keyAt(i);
+            final int permission = extraAppIds.valueAt(i);
+            appIds.put(appId, appIds.get(appId) | permission);
+        }
+        sendAppIdsTrafficPermission(appIds);
+    }
+
+    private SparseIntArray getSystemTrafficPerm() {
+        final SparseIntArray appIdsPerm = new SparseIntArray();
+        for (final int uid : mSystemConfigManager.getSystemPermissionUids(INTERNET)) {
+            final int appId = UserHandle.getAppId(uid);
+            final int permission = appIdsPerm.get(appId) | PERMISSION_INTERNET;
+            appIdsPerm.put(appId, permission);
+            if (hasSdkSandbox(appId)) {
+                appIdsPerm.put(sProcessShim.toSdkSandboxUid(appId), permission);
+            }
+        }
+        for (final int uid : mSystemConfigManager.getSystemPermissionUids(UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS)) {
+            final int appId = UserHandle.getAppId(uid);
+            final int permission = appIdsPerm.get(appId) | PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS;
+            appIdsPerm.put(appId, permission);
+            if (hasSdkSandbox(appId)) {
+                appIdsPerm.put(sProcessShim.toSdkSandboxUid(appId), permission);
+            }
+        }
+        return appIdsPerm;
+    }
+
+    // Intended to be called only once at startup, after the system is ready. Installs a broadcast
+    // receiver to monitor ongoing UID changes, so this shouldn't/needn't be called again.
+    public synchronized void startMonitoring() {
+        log("Monitoring");
+
+        final Context userAllContext = mContext.createContextAsUser(UserHandle.ALL, 0 /* flags */);
+        final IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
+        intentFilter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED);
+        intentFilter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_REMOVED);
+        intentFilter.addDataScheme("package");
+        userAllContext.registerReceiver(
+                mIntentReceiver, intentFilter, null /* broadcastPermission */,
+                null /* scheduler */);
+
+        // Listen to EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_AVAILABLE is that an app becoming available means it may
+        // need to gain a permission. But an app that becomes unavailable can neither gain nor lose
+        // permissions on that account, it just can no longer run. Thus, doesn't need to listen to
+        // EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_UNAVAILABLE.
+        final IntentFilter externalIntentFilter =
+                new IntentFilter(Intent.ACTION_EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_AVAILABLE);
+        userAllContext.registerReceiver(
+                mIntentReceiver, externalIntentFilter, null /* broadcastPermission */,
+                null /* scheduler */);
+
+        // Register UIDS_ALLOWED_ON_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS setting observer
+        mDeps.registerContentObserver(
+                userAllContext,
+                Settings.Global.getUriFor(UIDS_ALLOWED_ON_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS),
+                false /* notifyForDescendants */,
+                new ContentObserver(null) {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onChange(boolean selfChange) {
+                        onSettingChanged();
+                    }
+                });
+
+        // Read UIDS_ALLOWED_ON_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS setting and update
+        // mUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks.
+        updateUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(mDeps.getUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(mContext));
+
+        final List<UserHandle> usrs = mUserManager.getUserHandles(true /* excludeDying */);
+        // Update netd permissions for all users.
+        for (UserHandle user : usrs) {
+            onUserAdded(user);
+        }
+        log("Users: " + mUsers.size() + ", UidToNetworkPerm: " + mUidToNetworkPerm.size());
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    synchronized void updateUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(final Set<Integer> uids) {
+        mUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks.clear();
+        mUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks.addAll(uids);
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static boolean isVendorApp(@NonNull ApplicationInfo appInfo) {
+        return appInfo.isVendor() || appInfo.isOem() || appInfo.isProduct();
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    boolean isCarryoverPackage(final ApplicationInfo appInfo) {
+        if (appInfo == null) return false;
+        return (appInfo.targetSdkVersion < VERSION_Q && isVendorApp(appInfo))
+                // Backward compatibility for b/114245686, on devices that launched before Q daemons
+                // and apps running as the system UID are exempted from this check.
+                || (UserHandle.getAppId(appInfo.uid) == SYSTEM_APPID
+                        && mDeps.getDeviceFirstSdkInt() < VERSION_Q);
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    synchronized boolean isUidAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(final ApplicationInfo appInfo) {
+        if (appInfo == null) return false;
+        // Check whether package's uid is in allowed on restricted networks uid list. If so, this
+        // uid can have netd system permission.
+        return mUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks.contains(appInfo.uid);
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    boolean hasPermission(@NonNull final PackageInfo app, @NonNull final String permission) {
+        if (app.requestedPermissions == null || app.requestedPermissionsFlags == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        final int index = CollectionUtils.indexOf(app.requestedPermissions, permission);
+        if (index < 0 || index >= app.requestedPermissionsFlags.length) return false;
+        return (app.requestedPermissionsFlags[index] & REQUESTED_PERMISSION_GRANTED) != 0;
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    boolean hasNetworkPermission(@NonNull final PackageInfo app) {
+        return hasPermission(app, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE);
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    boolean hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(@NonNull final PackageInfo app) {
+        // TODO : remove carryover package check in the future(b/31479477). All apps should just
+        //  request the appropriate permission for their use case since android Q.
+        return isCarryoverPackage(app.applicationInfo)
+                || isUidAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(app.applicationInfo)
+                || hasPermission(app, PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK)
+                || hasPermission(app, NETWORK_STACK)
+                || hasPermission(app, CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS);
+    }
+
+    /** Returns whether the given uid has using background network permission. */
+    public synchronized boolean hasUseBackgroundNetworksPermission(final int uid) {
+        // Apps with any of the CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE, NETWORK_STACK, CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL or
+        // CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS permission has the permission to use background
+        // networks. mUidToNetworkPerm contains the result of checks for hasNetworkPermission and
+        // hasRestrictedNetworkPermission, as well as the list of UIDs allowed on restricted
+        // networks. If uid is in the mUidToNetworkPerm list that means uid has one of permissions
+        // at least.
+        return mUidToNetworkPerm.get(uid, PERMISSION_NONE) != PERMISSION_NONE;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether the given uid has permission to use restricted networks.
+     */
+    public synchronized boolean hasRestrictedNetworksPermission(int uid) {
+        return PERMISSION_SYSTEM == mUidToNetworkPerm.get(uid, PERMISSION_NONE);
+    }
+
+    private void sendUidsNetworkPermission(SparseIntArray uids, boolean add) {
+        List<Integer> network = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<Integer> system = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (int i = 0; i < uids.size(); i++) {
+            final int permission = uids.valueAt(i);
+            if (PERMISSION_NONE == permission) {
+                continue; // Normally NONE is not stored in this map, but just in case
+            }
+            List<Integer> list = (PERMISSION_SYSTEM == permission) ? system : network;
+            list.add(uids.keyAt(i));
+        }
+        try {
+            if (add) {
+                mNetd.networkSetPermissionForUser(PERMISSION_NETWORK, toIntArray(network));
+                mNetd.networkSetPermissionForUser(PERMISSION_SYSTEM, toIntArray(system));
+            } else {
+                mNetd.networkClearPermissionForUser(toIntArray(network));
+                mNetd.networkClearPermissionForUser(toIntArray(system));
+            }
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            loge("Exception when updating permissions: " + e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called when a user is added. See {link #ACTION_USER_ADDED}.
+     *
+     * @param user The integer userHandle of the added user. See {@link #EXTRA_USER_HANDLE}.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public synchronized void onUserAdded(@NonNull UserHandle user) {
+        mUsers.add(user);
+
+        final List<PackageInfo> apps = getInstalledPackagesAsUser(user);
+
+        // Save all apps
+        updateAllApps(apps);
+
+        // Uids network permissions
+        final SparseIntArray uids = makeUidsNetworkPerm(apps);
+        updateUidsNetworkPermission(uids);
+
+        // App ids traffic permission
+        final SparseIntArray appIds = makeAppIdsTrafficPerm(apps);
+        updateAppIdsTrafficPermission(appIds, getSystemTrafficPerm());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called when an user is removed. See {link #ACTION_USER_REMOVED}.
+     *
+     * @param user The integer userHandle of the removed user. See {@link #EXTRA_USER_HANDLE}.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public synchronized void onUserRemoved(@NonNull UserHandle user) {
+        mUsers.remove(user);
+
+        final SparseIntArray removedUids = new SparseIntArray();
+        final SparseIntArray allUids = mUidToNetworkPerm.clone();
+        for (int i = 0; i < allUids.size(); i++) {
+            final int uid = allUids.keyAt(i);
+            if (user.equals(UserHandle.getUserHandleForUid(uid))) {
+                mUidToNetworkPerm.delete(uid);
+                removedUids.put(uid, allUids.valueAt(i));
+            }
+        }
+        sendUidsNetworkPermission(removedUids, false /* add */);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compare the current network permission and the given package's permission to find out highest
+     * permission for the uid.
+     *
+     * @param uid The target uid
+     * @param currentPermission Current uid network permission
+     * @param name The package has same uid that need compare its permission to update uid network
+     *             permission.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected int highestPermissionForUid(int uid, int currentPermission, String name) {
+        // If multiple packages share a UID (cf: android:sharedUserId) and ask for different
+        // permissions, don't downgrade (i.e., if it's already SYSTEM, leave it as is).
+        if (currentPermission == PERMISSION_SYSTEM) {
+            return currentPermission;
+        }
+        final PackageInfo app = getPackageInfoAsUser(name, UserHandle.getUserHandleForUid(uid));
+        if (app == null) return currentPermission;
+
+        final int permission = getPackageNetdNetworkPermission(app);
+        if (isHigherNetworkPermission(permission, currentPermission)) {
+            return permission;
+        }
+        return currentPermission;
+    }
+
+    private int getTrafficPermissionForUid(final int uid) {
+        int permission = PERMISSION_NONE;
+        // Check all the packages for this UID. The UID has the permission if any of the
+        // packages in it has the permission.
+        final String[] packages = mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(uid);
+        if (packages != null && packages.length > 0) {
+            for (String name : packages) {
+                final PackageInfo app = getPackageInfoAsUser(name,
+                        UserHandle.getUserHandleForUid(uid));
+                if (app != null && app.requestedPermissions != null) {
+                    permission |= getNetdPermissionMask(app.requestedPermissions,
+                            app.requestedPermissionsFlags);
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            // The last package of this uid is removed from device. Clean the package up.
+            permission = PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED;
+        }
+        return permission;
+    }
+
+    private synchronized void updateVpnUid(int uid, boolean add) {
+        for (Map.Entry<String, Set<UidRange>> vpn : mVpnUidRanges.entrySet()) {
+            if (UidRange.containsUid(vpn.getValue(), uid)) {
+                final Set<Integer> changedUids = new HashSet<>();
+                changedUids.add(uid);
+                removeBypassingUids(changedUids, -1 /* vpnAppUid */);
+                updateVpnUidsInterfaceRules(vpn.getKey(), changedUids, add);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This handles both network and traffic permission, because there is no overlap in actual
+     * values, where network permission is NETWORK or SYSTEM, and traffic permission is INTERNET
+     * or UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS
+     */
+    private String permissionToString(int permission) {
+        switch (permission) {
+            case PERMISSION_NONE:
+                return "NONE";
+            case PERMISSION_NETWORK:
+                return "NETWORK";
+            case PERMISSION_SYSTEM:
+                return "SYSTEM";
+            case PERMISSION_INTERNET:
+                return "INTERNET";
+            case PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS:
+                return "UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS";
+            case (PERMISSION_INTERNET | PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS):
+                return "ALL";
+            case PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED:
+                return "UNINSTALLED";
+            default:
+                return "UNKNOWN";
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called when a package is added.
+     *
+     * @param packageName The name of the new package.
+     * @param uid The uid of the new package.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public synchronized void onPackageAdded(@NonNull final String packageName, final int uid) {
+        final int appId = UserHandle.getAppId(uid);
+        final int trafficPerm = getTrafficPermissionForUid(uid);
+        sendPackagePermissionsForAppId(appId, trafficPerm);
+
+        final int currentPermission = mUidToNetworkPerm.get(uid, PERMISSION_NONE);
+        final int permission = highestPermissionForUid(uid, currentPermission, packageName);
+        if (permission != currentPermission) {
+            mUidToNetworkPerm.put(uid, permission);
+
+            SparseIntArray apps = new SparseIntArray();
+            apps.put(uid, permission);
+
+            if (hasSdkSandbox(uid)) {
+                int sdkSandboxUid = sProcessShim.toSdkSandboxUid(uid);
+                mUidToNetworkPerm.put(sdkSandboxUid, permission);
+                apps.put(sdkSandboxUid, permission);
+            }
+            sendUidsNetworkPermission(apps, true /* add */);
+        }
+
+        // If the newly-installed package falls within some VPN's uid range, update Netd with it.
+        // This needs to happen after the mUidToNetworkPerm update above, since
+        // removeBypassingUids() in updateVpnUid() depends on mUidToNetworkPerm to check if the
+        // package can bypass VPN.
+        updateVpnUid(uid, true /* add */);
+        mAllApps.add(appId);
+        mPermissionUpdateLogs.log("Package add: name=" + packageName + ", uid=" + uid
+                + ", nPerm=(" + permissionToString(permission) + "/"
+                + permissionToString(currentPermission) + ")"
+                + ", tPerm=" + permissionToString(trafficPerm));
+    }
+
+    private int highestUidNetworkPermission(int uid) {
+        int permission = PERMISSION_NONE;
+        final String[] packages = mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(uid);
+        if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(packages)) {
+            for (String name : packages) {
+                // If multiple packages have the same UID, give the UID all permissions that
+                // any package in that UID has.
+                permission = highestPermissionForUid(uid, permission, name);
+                if (permission == PERMISSION_SYSTEM) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return permission;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called when a package is removed.
+     *
+     * @param packageName The name of the removed package or null.
+     * @param uid containing the integer uid previously assigned to the package.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public synchronized void onPackageRemoved(@NonNull final String packageName, final int uid) {
+        final int appId = UserHandle.getAppId(uid);
+        final int trafficPerm = getTrafficPermissionForUid(uid);
+        sendPackagePermissionsForAppId(appId, trafficPerm);
+
+        // If the newly-removed package falls within some VPN's uid range, update Netd with it.
+        // This needs to happen before the mUidToNetworkPerm update below, since
+        // removeBypassingUids() in updateVpnUid() depends on mUidToNetworkPerm to check if the
+        // package can bypass VPN.
+        updateVpnUid(uid, false /* add */);
+        // If the package has been removed from all users on the device, clear it form mAllApps.
+        if (mPackageManager.getNameForUid(uid) == null) {
+            mAllApps.remove(appId);
+        }
+
+        final int currentPermission = mUidToNetworkPerm.get(uid, PERMISSION_NONE);
+        final int permission = highestUidNetworkPermission(uid);
+        mPermissionUpdateLogs.log("Package remove: name=" + packageName + ", uid=" + uid
+                + ", nPerm=(" + permissionToString(permission) + "/"
+                + permissionToString(currentPermission) + ")"
+                + ", tPerm=" + permissionToString(trafficPerm));
+        if (permission != currentPermission) {
+            final SparseIntArray apps = new SparseIntArray();
+            int sdkSandboxUid = -1;
+            if (hasSdkSandbox(uid)) {
+                sdkSandboxUid = sProcessShim.toSdkSandboxUid(uid);
+            }
+            if (permission == PERMISSION_NONE) {
+                mUidToNetworkPerm.delete(uid);
+                apps.put(uid, PERMISSION_NETWORK);  // doesn't matter which permission we pick here
+                if (sdkSandboxUid != -1) {
+                    mUidToNetworkPerm.delete(sdkSandboxUid);
+                    apps.put(sdkSandboxUid, PERMISSION_NETWORK);
+                }
+                sendUidsNetworkPermission(apps, false);
+            } else {
+                mUidToNetworkPerm.put(uid, permission);
+                apps.put(uid, permission);
+                if (sdkSandboxUid != -1) {
+                    mUidToNetworkPerm.put(sdkSandboxUid, permission);
+                    apps.put(sdkSandboxUid, permission);
+                }
+                sendUidsNetworkPermission(apps, true);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static int getNetdPermissionMask(String[] requestedPermissions,
+                                             int[] requestedPermissionsFlags) {
+        int permissions = PERMISSION_NONE;
+        if (requestedPermissions == null || requestedPermissionsFlags == null) return permissions;
+        for (int i = 0; i < requestedPermissions.length; i++) {
+            if (requestedPermissions[i].equals(INTERNET)
+                    && ((requestedPermissionsFlags[i] & REQUESTED_PERMISSION_GRANTED) != 0)) {
+                permissions |= PERMISSION_INTERNET;
+            }
+            if (requestedPermissions[i].equals(UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS)
+                    && ((requestedPermissionsFlags[i] & REQUESTED_PERMISSION_GRANTED) != 0)) {
+                permissions |= PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS;
+            }
+        }
+        return permissions;
+    }
+
+    private synchronized PackageManager getPackageManagerAsUser(UserHandle user) {
+        PackageManager pm = mUsersPackageManager.get(user);
+        if (pm == null) {
+            pm = mContext.createContextAsUser(user, 0 /* flag */).getPackageManager();
+            mUsersPackageManager.put(user, pm);
+        }
+        return pm;
+    }
+
+    private PackageInfo getPackageInfoAsUser(String packageName, UserHandle user) {
+        try {
+            final PackageInfo info = getPackageManagerAsUser(user)
+                    .getPackageInfo(packageName, GET_PERMISSIONS);
+            return info;
+        } catch (NameNotFoundException e) {
+            // App not found.
+            loge("NameNotFoundException " + packageName);
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called when a new set of UID ranges are added to an active VPN network
+     *
+     * @param iface The active VPN network's interface name
+     * @param rangesToAdd The new UID ranges to be added to the network
+     * @param vpnAppUid The uid of the VPN app
+     */
+    public synchronized void onVpnUidRangesAdded(@NonNull String iface, Set<UidRange> rangesToAdd,
+            int vpnAppUid) {
+        // Calculate the list of new app uids under the VPN due to the new UID ranges and update
+        // Netd about them. Because mAllApps only contains appIds instead of uids, the result might
+        // be an overestimation if an app is not installed on the user on which the VPN is running,
+        // but that's safe.
+        final Set<Integer> changedUids = intersectUids(rangesToAdd, mAllApps);
+        removeBypassingUids(changedUids, vpnAppUid);
+        updateVpnUidsInterfaceRules(iface, changedUids, true /* add */);
+        if (mVpnUidRanges.containsKey(iface)) {
+            mVpnUidRanges.get(iface).addAll(rangesToAdd);
+        } else {
+            mVpnUidRanges.put(iface, new HashSet<UidRange>(rangesToAdd));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called when a set of UID ranges are removed from an active VPN network
+     *
+     * @param iface The VPN network's interface name
+     * @param rangesToRemove Existing UID ranges to be removed from the VPN network
+     * @param vpnAppUid The uid of the VPN app
+     */
+    public synchronized void onVpnUidRangesRemoved(@NonNull String iface,
+            Set<UidRange> rangesToRemove, int vpnAppUid) {
+        // Calculate the list of app uids that are no longer under the VPN due to the removed UID
+        // ranges and update Netd about them.
+        final Set<Integer> changedUids = intersectUids(rangesToRemove, mAllApps);
+        removeBypassingUids(changedUids, vpnAppUid);
+        updateVpnUidsInterfaceRules(iface, changedUids, false /* add */);
+        Set<UidRange> existingRanges = mVpnUidRanges.getOrDefault(iface, null);
+        if (existingRanges == null) {
+            loge("Attempt to remove unknown vpn uid Range iface = " + iface);
+            return;
+        }
+        existingRanges.removeAll(rangesToRemove);
+        if (existingRanges.size() == 0) {
+            mVpnUidRanges.remove(iface);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compute the intersection of a set of UidRanges and appIds. Returns a set of uids
+     * that satisfies:
+     *   1. falls into one of the UidRange
+     *   2. matches one of the appIds
+     */
+    private Set<Integer> intersectUids(Set<UidRange> ranges, Set<Integer> appIds) {
+        Set<Integer> result = new HashSet<>();
+        for (UidRange range : ranges) {
+            for (int userId = range.getStartUser(); userId <= range.getEndUser(); userId++) {
+                for (int appId : appIds) {
+                    final UserHandle handle = UserHandle.of(userId);
+                    if (handle == null) continue;
+
+                    final int uid = handle.getUid(appId);
+                    if (range.contains(uid)) {
+                        result.add(uid);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove all apps which can elect to bypass the VPN from the list of uids
+     *
+     * An app can elect to bypass the VPN if it holds SYSTEM permission, or if it's the active VPN
+     * app itself.
+     *
+     * @param uids The list of uids to operate on
+     * @param vpnAppUid The uid of the VPN app
+     */
+    private void removeBypassingUids(Set<Integer> uids, int vpnAppUid) {
+        uids.remove(vpnAppUid);
+        uids.removeIf(uid -> mUidToNetworkPerm.get(uid, PERMISSION_NONE) == PERMISSION_SYSTEM);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Update netd about the list of uids that are under an active VPN connection which they cannot
+     * bypass.
+     *
+     * This is to instruct netd to set up appropriate filtering rules for these uids, such that they
+     * can only receive ingress packets from the VPN's tunnel interface (and loopback).
+     *
+     * @param iface the interface name of the active VPN connection
+     * @param add {@code true} if the uids are to be added to the interface, {@code false} if they
+     *        are to be removed from the interface.
+     */
+    private void updateVpnUidsInterfaceRules(String iface, Set<Integer> uids, boolean add) {
+        if (uids.size() == 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+        try {
+            if (add) {
+                mBpfNetMaps.addUidInterfaceRules(iface, toIntArray(uids));
+            } else {
+                mBpfNetMaps.removeUidInterfaceRules(toIntArray(uids));
+            }
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            loge("Exception when updating permissions: ", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Send the updated permission information to netd. Called upon package install/uninstall.
+     *
+     * @param appId the appId of the package installed
+     * @param permissions the permissions the app requested and netd cares about.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    void sendPackagePermissionsForAppId(int appId, int permissions) {
+        SparseIntArray netdPermissionsAppIds = new SparseIntArray();
+        netdPermissionsAppIds.put(appId, permissions);
+        if (hasSdkSandbox(appId)) {
+            int sdkSandboxAppId = sProcessShim.toSdkSandboxUid(appId);
+            netdPermissionsAppIds.put(sdkSandboxAppId, permissions);
+        }
+        sendAppIdsTrafficPermission(netdPermissionsAppIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Grant or revoke the INTERNET and/or UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS permission of the appIds in array.
+     *
+     * @param netdPermissionsAppIds integer pairs of appIds and the permission granted to it. If the
+     * permission is 0, revoke all permissions of that appId.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    void sendAppIdsTrafficPermission(SparseIntArray netdPermissionsAppIds) {
+        if (mNetd == null) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to get the netd service");
+            return;
+        }
+        final ArrayList<Integer> allPermissionAppIds = new ArrayList<>();
+        final ArrayList<Integer> internetPermissionAppIds = new ArrayList<>();
+        final ArrayList<Integer> updateStatsPermissionAppIds = new ArrayList<>();
+        final ArrayList<Integer> noPermissionAppIds = new ArrayList<>();
+        final ArrayList<Integer> uninstalledAppIds = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (int i = 0; i < netdPermissionsAppIds.size(); i++) {
+            int permissions = netdPermissionsAppIds.valueAt(i);
+            switch(permissions) {
+                case (PERMISSION_INTERNET | PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS):
+                    allPermissionAppIds.add(netdPermissionsAppIds.keyAt(i));
+                    break;
+                case PERMISSION_INTERNET:
+                    internetPermissionAppIds.add(netdPermissionsAppIds.keyAt(i));
+                    break;
+                case PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS:
+                    updateStatsPermissionAppIds.add(netdPermissionsAppIds.keyAt(i));
+                    break;
+                case PERMISSION_NONE:
+                    noPermissionAppIds.add(netdPermissionsAppIds.keyAt(i));
+                    break;
+                case PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED:
+                    uninstalledAppIds.add(netdPermissionsAppIds.keyAt(i));
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    Log.e(TAG, "unknown permission type: " + permissions + "for uid: "
+                            + netdPermissionsAppIds.keyAt(i));
+            }
+        }
+        try {
+            // TODO: add a lock inside netd to protect IPC trafficSetNetPermForUids()
+            if (allPermissionAppIds.size() != 0) {
+                mBpfNetMaps.setNetPermForUids(
+                        PERMISSION_INTERNET | PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS,
+                        toIntArray(allPermissionAppIds));
+            }
+            if (internetPermissionAppIds.size() != 0) {
+                mBpfNetMaps.setNetPermForUids(PERMISSION_INTERNET,
+                        toIntArray(internetPermissionAppIds));
+            }
+            if (updateStatsPermissionAppIds.size() != 0) {
+                mBpfNetMaps.setNetPermForUids(PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS,
+                        toIntArray(updateStatsPermissionAppIds));
+            }
+            if (noPermissionAppIds.size() != 0) {
+                mBpfNetMaps.setNetPermForUids(PERMISSION_NONE,
+                        toIntArray(noPermissionAppIds));
+            }
+            if (uninstalledAppIds.size() != 0) {
+                mBpfNetMaps.setNetPermForUids(PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED,
+                        toIntArray(uninstalledAppIds));
+            }
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Pass appId list of special permission failed." + e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Should only be used by unit tests */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public Set<UidRange> getVpnUidRanges(String iface) {
+        return mVpnUidRanges.get(iface);
+    }
+
+    private synchronized void onSettingChanged() {
+        // Step1. Update uids allowed to use restricted networks and compute the set of uids to
+        // update.
+        final Set<Integer> uidsToUpdate = new ArraySet<>(mUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks);
+        updateUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(mDeps.getUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(mContext));
+        uidsToUpdate.addAll(mUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks);
+
+        final SparseIntArray updatedUids = new SparseIntArray();
+        final SparseIntArray removedUids = new SparseIntArray();
+
+        // Step2. For each uid to update, find out its new permission.
+        for (Integer uid : uidsToUpdate) {
+            final int permission = highestUidNetworkPermission(uid);
+
+            if (PERMISSION_NONE == permission) {
+                // Doesn't matter which permission is set here.
+                removedUids.put(uid, PERMISSION_NETWORK);
+                mUidToNetworkPerm.delete(uid);
+                if (hasSdkSandbox(uid)) {
+                    int sdkSandboxUid = sProcessShim.toSdkSandboxUid(uid);
+                    removedUids.put(sdkSandboxUid, PERMISSION_NETWORK);
+                    mUidToNetworkPerm.delete(sdkSandboxUid);
+                }
+            } else {
+                updatedUids.put(uid, permission);
+                mUidToNetworkPerm.put(uid, permission);
+                if (hasSdkSandbox(uid)) {
+                    int sdkSandboxUid = sProcessShim.toSdkSandboxUid(uid);
+                    updatedUids.put(sdkSandboxUid, permission);
+                    mUidToNetworkPerm.put(sdkSandboxUid, permission);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Step3. Update or revoke permission for uids with netd.
+        sendUidsNetworkPermission(updatedUids, true /* add */);
+        sendUidsNetworkPermission(removedUids, false /* add */);
+        mPermissionUpdateLogs.log("Setting change: update=" + updatedUids
+                + ", remove=" + removedUids);
+    }
+
+    private synchronized void onExternalApplicationsAvailable(String[] pkgList) {
+        if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(pkgList)) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "No available external application.");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        for (String app : pkgList) {
+            for (UserHandle user : mUsers) {
+                final PackageInfo info = getPackageInfoAsUser(app, user);
+                if (info == null || info.applicationInfo == null) continue;
+
+                final int uid = info.applicationInfo.uid;
+                onPackageAdded(app, uid); // Use onPackageAdded to add package one by one.
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Dump info to dumpsys */
+    public void dump(IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
+        pw.println("Interface filtering rules:");
+        pw.increaseIndent();
+        for (Map.Entry<String, Set<UidRange>> vpn : mVpnUidRanges.entrySet()) {
+            pw.println("Interface: " + vpn.getKey());
+            pw.println("UIDs: " + vpn.getValue().toString());
+            pw.println();
+        }
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
+
+        pw.println();
+        pw.println("Update logs:");
+        pw.increaseIndent();
+        mPermissionUpdateLogs.reverseDump(pw);
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
+    }
+
+    private static void log(String s) {
+        if (DBG) {
+            Log.d(TAG, s);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void loge(String s) {
+        Log.e(TAG, s);
+    }
+
+    private static void loge(String s, Throwable e) {
+        Log.e(TAG, s, e);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ProfileNetworkPreferenceList.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ProfileNetworkPreferenceList.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..71f342d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ProfileNetworkPreferenceList.java
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * A data class containing all the per-profile network preferences.
+ *
+ * A given profile can only have one preference.
+ */
+public class ProfileNetworkPreferenceList {
+    /**
+     * A single preference, as it applies to a given user profile.
+     */
+    public static class Preference {
+        @NonNull public final UserHandle user;
+        // Capabilities are only null when sending an object to remove the setting for a user
+        @Nullable public final NetworkCapabilities capabilities;
+        public final boolean allowFallback;
+
+        public Preference(@NonNull final UserHandle user,
+                @Nullable final NetworkCapabilities capabilities,
+                final boolean allowFallback) {
+            this.user = user;
+            this.capabilities = null == capabilities ? null : new NetworkCapabilities(capabilities);
+            this.allowFallback = allowFallback;
+        }
+
+        /** toString */
+        public String toString() {
+            return "[ProfileNetworkPreference user=" + user
+                    + " caps=" + capabilities
+                    + " allowFallback=" + allowFallback
+                    + "]";
+        }
+    }
+
+    @NonNull public final List<Preference> preferences;
+
+    public ProfileNetworkPreferenceList() {
+        preferences = Collections.EMPTY_LIST;
+    }
+
+    private ProfileNetworkPreferenceList(@NonNull final List<Preference> list) {
+        preferences = Collections.unmodifiableList(list);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a new object consisting of this object plus the passed preference.
+     *
+     * If a preference already exists for the same user, it will be replaced by the passed
+     * preference. Passing a Preference object containing a null capabilities object is equivalent
+     * to (and indeed, implemented as) removing the preference for this user.
+     */
+    public ProfileNetworkPreferenceList plus(@NonNull final Preference pref) {
+        final ArrayList<Preference> newPrefs = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (final Preference existingPref : preferences) {
+            if (!existingPref.user.equals(pref.user)) {
+                newPrefs.add(existingPref);
+            }
+        }
+        if (null != pref.capabilities) {
+            newPrefs.add(pref);
+        }
+        return new ProfileNetworkPreferenceList(newPrefs);
+    }
+
+    public boolean isEmpty() {
+        return preferences.isEmpty();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ProxyTracker.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ProxyTracker.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc0929c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ProxyTracker.java
@@ -0,0 +1,358 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_EXCLUSION_LIST;
+import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_HOST;
+import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_PAC;
+import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_PORT;
+import static android.provider.Settings.Global.HTTP_PROXY;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.content.ContentResolver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.PacProxyManager;
+import android.net.Proxy;
+import android.net.ProxyInfo;
+import android.net.Uri;
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
+import android.provider.Settings;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.Pair;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
+import com.android.net.module.util.ProxyUtils;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * A class to handle proxy for ConnectivityService.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class ProxyTracker {
+    private static final String TAG = ProxyTracker.class.getSimpleName();
+    private static final boolean DBG = true;
+
+    // EXTRA_PROXY_INFO is now @removed. In order to continue sending it, hardcode its value here.
+    // The Proxy.EXTRA_PROXY_INFO constant is not visible to this code because android.net.Proxy
+    // a hidden platform constant not visible to mainline modules.
+    private static final String EXTRA_PROXY_INFO = "android.intent.extra.PROXY_INFO";
+
+    @NonNull
+    private final Context mContext;
+
+    @NonNull
+    private final Object mProxyLock = new Object();
+    // The global proxy is the proxy that is set device-wide, overriding any network-specific
+    // proxy. Note however that proxies are hints ; the system does not enforce their use. Hence
+    // this value is only for querying.
+    @Nullable
+    @GuardedBy("mProxyLock")
+    private ProxyInfo mGlobalProxy = null;
+    // The default proxy is the proxy that applies to no particular network if the global proxy
+    // is not set. Individual networks have their own settings that override this. This member
+    // is set through setDefaultProxy, which is called when the default network changes proxies
+    // in its LinkProperties, or when ConnectivityService switches to a new default network, or
+    // when PacProxyService resolves the proxy.
+    @Nullable
+    @GuardedBy("mProxyLock")
+    private volatile ProxyInfo mDefaultProxy = null;
+    // Whether the default proxy is enabled.
+    @GuardedBy("mProxyLock")
+    private boolean mDefaultProxyEnabled = true;
+
+    private final Handler mConnectivityServiceHandler;
+
+    private final PacProxyManager mPacProxyManager;
+
+    private class PacProxyInstalledListener implements PacProxyManager.PacProxyInstalledListener {
+        private final int mEvent;
+
+        PacProxyInstalledListener(int event) {
+            mEvent = event;
+        }
+
+        public void onPacProxyInstalled(@Nullable Network network, @NonNull ProxyInfo proxy) {
+            mConnectivityServiceHandler
+                    .sendMessage(mConnectivityServiceHandler
+                    .obtainMessage(mEvent, new Pair<>(network, proxy)));
+        }
+    }
+
+    public ProxyTracker(@NonNull final Context context,
+            @NonNull final Handler connectivityServiceInternalHandler, final int pacChangedEvent) {
+        mContext = context;
+        mConnectivityServiceHandler = connectivityServiceInternalHandler;
+        mPacProxyManager = context.getSystemService(PacProxyManager.class);
+
+        PacProxyInstalledListener listener = new PacProxyInstalledListener(pacChangedEvent);
+        mPacProxyManager.addPacProxyInstalledListener(
+                mConnectivityServiceHandler::post, listener);
+    }
+
+    // Convert empty ProxyInfo's to null as null-checks are used to determine if proxies are present
+    // (e.g. if mGlobalProxy==null fall back to network-specific proxy, if network-specific
+    // proxy is null then there is no proxy in place).
+    @Nullable
+    private static ProxyInfo canonicalizeProxyInfo(@Nullable final ProxyInfo proxy) {
+        if (proxy != null && TextUtils.isEmpty(proxy.getHost())
+                && Uri.EMPTY.equals(proxy.getPacFileUrl())) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return proxy;
+    }
+
+    // ProxyInfo equality functions with a couple modifications over ProxyInfo.equals() to make it
+    // better for determining if a new proxy broadcast is necessary:
+    // 1. Canonicalize empty ProxyInfos to null so an empty proxy compares equal to null so as to
+    //    avoid unnecessary broadcasts.
+    // 2. Make sure all parts of the ProxyInfo's compare true, including the host when a PAC URL
+    //    is in place.  This is important so legacy PAC resolver (see com.android.proxyhandler)
+    //    changes aren't missed.  The legacy PAC resolver pretends to be a simple HTTP proxy but
+    //    actually uses the PAC to resolve; this results in ProxyInfo's with PAC URL, host and port
+    //    all set.
+    public static boolean proxyInfoEqual(@Nullable final ProxyInfo a, @Nullable final ProxyInfo b) {
+        final ProxyInfo pa = canonicalizeProxyInfo(a);
+        final ProxyInfo pb = canonicalizeProxyInfo(b);
+        // ProxyInfo.equals() doesn't check hosts when PAC URLs are present, but we need to check
+        // hosts even when PAC URLs are present to account for the legacy PAC resolver.
+        return Objects.equals(pa, pb) && (pa == null || Objects.equals(pa.getHost(), pb.getHost()));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the default system-wide proxy.
+     *
+     * This will return the global proxy if set, otherwise the default proxy if in use. Note
+     * that this is not necessarily the proxy that any given process should use, as the right
+     * proxy for a process is the proxy for the network this process will use, which may be
+     * different from this value. This value is simply the default in case there is no proxy set
+     * in the network that will be used by a specific process.
+     * @return The default system-wide proxy or null if none.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public ProxyInfo getDefaultProxy() {
+        // This information is already available as a world read/writable jvm property.
+        synchronized (mProxyLock) {
+            if (mGlobalProxy != null) return mGlobalProxy;
+            if (mDefaultProxyEnabled) return mDefaultProxy;
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the global proxy.
+     *
+     * @return The global proxy or null if none.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public ProxyInfo getGlobalProxy() {
+        // This information is already available as a world read/writable jvm property.
+        synchronized (mProxyLock) {
+            return mGlobalProxy;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Read the global proxy settings and cache them in memory.
+     */
+    public void loadGlobalProxy() {
+        if (loadDeprecatedGlobalHttpProxy()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        ContentResolver res = mContext.getContentResolver();
+        String host = Settings.Global.getString(res, GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_HOST);
+        int port = Settings.Global.getInt(res, GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_PORT, 0);
+        String exclList = Settings.Global.getString(res, GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_EXCLUSION_LIST);
+        String pacFileUrl = Settings.Global.getString(res, GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_PAC);
+        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(host) || !TextUtils.isEmpty(pacFileUrl)) {
+            ProxyInfo proxyProperties;
+            if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(pacFileUrl)) {
+                proxyProperties = ProxyInfo.buildPacProxy(Uri.parse(pacFileUrl));
+            } else {
+                proxyProperties = ProxyInfo.buildDirectProxy(host, port,
+                        ProxyUtils.exclusionStringAsList(exclList));
+            }
+            if (!proxyProperties.isValid()) {
+                if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Invalid proxy properties, ignoring: " + proxyProperties);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            synchronized (mProxyLock) {
+                mGlobalProxy = proxyProperties;
+            }
+
+            if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(pacFileUrl)) {
+                mConnectivityServiceHandler.post(
+                        () -> mPacProxyManager.setCurrentProxyScriptUrl(proxyProperties));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Read the global proxy from the deprecated Settings.Global.HTTP_PROXY setting and apply it.
+     * Returns {@code true} when global proxy was set successfully from deprecated setting.
+     */
+    public boolean loadDeprecatedGlobalHttpProxy() {
+        final String proxy = Settings.Global.getString(mContext.getContentResolver(), HTTP_PROXY);
+        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(proxy)) {
+            String data[] = proxy.split(":");
+            if (data.length == 0) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            final String proxyHost = data[0];
+            int proxyPort = 8080;
+            if (data.length > 1) {
+                try {
+                    proxyPort = Integer.parseInt(data[1]);
+                } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            final ProxyInfo p = ProxyInfo.buildDirectProxy(proxyHost, proxyPort,
+                    Collections.emptyList());
+            setGlobalProxy(p);
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sends the system broadcast informing apps about a new proxy configuration.
+     *
+     * Confusingly this method also sets the PAC file URL. TODO : separate this, it has nothing
+     * to do in a "sendProxyBroadcast" method.
+     */
+    public void sendProxyBroadcast() {
+        final ProxyInfo defaultProxy = getDefaultProxy();
+        final ProxyInfo proxyInfo = null != defaultProxy ?
+                defaultProxy : ProxyInfo.buildDirectProxy("", 0, Collections.emptyList());
+        mPacProxyManager.setCurrentProxyScriptUrl(proxyInfo);
+
+        if (!shouldSendBroadcast(proxyInfo)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "sending Proxy Broadcast for " + proxyInfo);
+        Intent intent = new Intent(Proxy.PROXY_CHANGE_ACTION);
+        intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_REPLACE_PENDING |
+                Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_REGISTERED_ONLY_BEFORE_BOOT);
+        intent.putExtra(EXTRA_PROXY_INFO, proxyInfo);
+        final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+        try {
+            mContext.sendStickyBroadcastAsUser(intent, UserHandle.ALL);
+        } finally {
+            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(ident);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean shouldSendBroadcast(ProxyInfo proxy) {
+        return Uri.EMPTY.equals(proxy.getPacFileUrl()) || proxy.getPort() > 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the global proxy in memory. Also writes the values to the global settings of the device.
+     *
+     * @param proxyInfo the proxy spec, or null for no proxy.
+     */
+    public void setGlobalProxy(@Nullable ProxyInfo proxyInfo) {
+        synchronized (mProxyLock) {
+            // ProxyInfo#equals is not commutative :( and is public API, so it can't be fixed.
+            if (proxyInfo == mGlobalProxy) return;
+            if (proxyInfo != null && proxyInfo.equals(mGlobalProxy)) return;
+            if (mGlobalProxy != null && mGlobalProxy.equals(proxyInfo)) return;
+
+            final String host;
+            final int port;
+            final String exclList;
+            final String pacFileUrl;
+            if (proxyInfo != null && (!TextUtils.isEmpty(proxyInfo.getHost()) ||
+                    !Uri.EMPTY.equals(proxyInfo.getPacFileUrl()))) {
+                if (!proxyInfo.isValid()) {
+                    if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Invalid proxy properties, ignoring: " + proxyInfo);
+                    return;
+                }
+                mGlobalProxy = new ProxyInfo(proxyInfo);
+                host = mGlobalProxy.getHost();
+                port = mGlobalProxy.getPort();
+                exclList = ProxyUtils.exclusionListAsString(mGlobalProxy.getExclusionList());
+                pacFileUrl = Uri.EMPTY.equals(proxyInfo.getPacFileUrl())
+                        ? "" : proxyInfo.getPacFileUrl().toString();
+            } else {
+                host = "";
+                port = 0;
+                exclList = "";
+                pacFileUrl = "";
+                mGlobalProxy = null;
+            }
+            final ContentResolver res = mContext.getContentResolver();
+            final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+            try {
+                Settings.Global.putString(res, GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_HOST, host);
+                Settings.Global.putInt(res, GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_PORT, port);
+                Settings.Global.putString(res, GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_EXCLUSION_LIST, exclList);
+                Settings.Global.putString(res, GLOBAL_HTTP_PROXY_PAC, pacFileUrl);
+            } finally {
+                Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
+            }
+
+            sendProxyBroadcast();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the default proxy for the device.
+     *
+     * The default proxy is the proxy used for networks that do not have a specific proxy.
+     * @param proxyInfo the proxy spec, or null for no proxy.
+     */
+    public void setDefaultProxy(@Nullable ProxyInfo proxyInfo) {
+        synchronized (mProxyLock) {
+            if (Objects.equals(mDefaultProxy, proxyInfo)) return;
+            if (proxyInfo != null &&  !proxyInfo.isValid()) {
+                if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Invalid proxy properties, ignoring: " + proxyInfo);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // This call could be coming from the PacProxyService, containing the port of the
+            // local proxy. If this new proxy matches the global proxy then copy this proxy to the
+            // global (to get the correct local port), and send a broadcast.
+            // TODO: Switch PacProxyService to have its own message to send back rather than
+            // reusing EVENT_HAS_CHANGED_PROXY and this call to handleApplyDefaultProxy.
+            if ((mGlobalProxy != null) && (proxyInfo != null)
+                    && (!Uri.EMPTY.equals(proxyInfo.getPacFileUrl()))
+                    && proxyInfo.getPacFileUrl().equals(mGlobalProxy.getPacFileUrl())) {
+                mGlobalProxy = proxyInfo;
+                sendProxyBroadcast();
+                return;
+            }
+            mDefaultProxy = proxyInfo;
+
+            if (mGlobalProxy != null) return;
+            if (mDefaultProxyEnabled) {
+                sendProxyBroadcast();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/QosCallbackAgentConnection.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/QosCallbackAgentConnection.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..534dbe7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/QosCallbackAgentConnection.java
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import static android.net.QosCallbackException.EX_TYPE_FILTER_NONE;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.net.IQosCallback;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.QosCallbackException;
+import android.net.QosFilter;
+import android.net.QosSession;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.telephony.data.EpsBearerQosSessionAttributes;
+import android.telephony.data.NrQosSessionAttributes;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Wraps callback related information and sends messages between network agent and the application.
+ * <p/>
+ * This is a satellite class of {@link com.android.server.ConnectivityService} and not meant
+ * to be used in other contexts.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+class QosCallbackAgentConnection implements IBinder.DeathRecipient {
+    private static final String TAG = QosCallbackAgentConnection.class.getSimpleName();
+    private static final boolean DBG = false;
+
+    private final int mAgentCallbackId;
+    @NonNull private final QosCallbackTracker mQosCallbackTracker;
+    @NonNull private final IQosCallback mCallback;
+    @NonNull private final IBinder mBinder;
+    @NonNull private final QosFilter mFilter;
+    @NonNull private final NetworkAgentInfo mNetworkAgentInfo;
+
+    private final int mUid;
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the uid
+     * @return uid
+     */
+    int getUid() {
+        return mUid;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the binder
+     * @return binder
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    IBinder getBinder() {
+        return mBinder;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the callback id
+     *
+     * @return callback id
+     */
+    int getAgentCallbackId() {
+        return mAgentCallbackId;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the network tied to the callback of this connection
+     *
+     * @return network
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    Network getNetwork() {
+        return mFilter.getNetwork();
+    }
+
+    QosCallbackAgentConnection(@NonNull final QosCallbackTracker qosCallbackTracker,
+            final int agentCallbackId,
+            @NonNull final IQosCallback callback,
+            @NonNull final QosFilter filter,
+            final int uid,
+            @NonNull final NetworkAgentInfo networkAgentInfo) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(qosCallbackTracker, "qosCallbackTracker must be non-null");
+        Objects.requireNonNull(callback, "callback must be non-null");
+        Objects.requireNonNull(filter, "filter must be non-null");
+        Objects.requireNonNull(networkAgentInfo, "networkAgentInfo must be non-null");
+
+        mQosCallbackTracker = qosCallbackTracker;
+        mAgentCallbackId = agentCallbackId;
+        mCallback = callback;
+        mFilter = filter;
+        mUid = uid;
+        mBinder = mCallback.asBinder();
+        mNetworkAgentInfo = networkAgentInfo;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void binderDied() {
+        logw("binderDied: binder died with callback id: " + mAgentCallbackId);
+        mQosCallbackTracker.unregisterCallback(mCallback);
+    }
+
+    void unlinkToDeathRecipient() {
+        mBinder.unlinkToDeath(this, 0);
+    }
+
+    // Returns false if the NetworkAgent was never notified.
+    boolean sendCmdRegisterCallback() {
+        final int exceptionType = mFilter.validate();
+        if (exceptionType != EX_TYPE_FILTER_NONE) {
+            try {
+                if (DBG) log("sendCmdRegisterCallback: filter validation failed");
+                mCallback.onError(exceptionType);
+            } catch (final RemoteException e) {
+                loge("sendCmdRegisterCallback:", e);
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            mBinder.linkToDeath(this, 0);
+        } catch (final RemoteException e) {
+            loge("failed linking to death recipient", e);
+            return false;
+        }
+        mNetworkAgentInfo.onQosFilterCallbackRegistered(mAgentCallbackId, mFilter);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void sendCmdUnregisterCallback() {
+        if (DBG) log("sendCmdUnregisterCallback: unregistering");
+        mNetworkAgentInfo.onQosCallbackUnregistered(mAgentCallbackId);
+    }
+
+    void sendEventEpsQosSessionAvailable(final QosSession session,
+            final EpsBearerQosSessionAttributes attributes) {
+        try {
+            if (DBG) log("sendEventEpsQosSessionAvailable: sending...");
+            mCallback.onQosEpsBearerSessionAvailable(session, attributes);
+        } catch (final RemoteException e) {
+            loge("sendEventEpsQosSessionAvailable: remote exception", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void sendEventNrQosSessionAvailable(final QosSession session,
+            final NrQosSessionAttributes attributes) {
+        try {
+            if (DBG) log("sendEventNrQosSessionAvailable: sending...");
+            mCallback.onNrQosSessionAvailable(session, attributes);
+        } catch (final RemoteException e) {
+            loge("sendEventNrQosSessionAvailable: remote exception", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void sendEventQosSessionLost(@NonNull final QosSession session) {
+        try {
+            if (DBG) log("sendEventQosSessionLost: sending...");
+            mCallback.onQosSessionLost(session);
+        } catch (final RemoteException e) {
+            loge("sendEventQosSessionLost: remote exception", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void sendEventQosCallbackError(@QosCallbackException.ExceptionType final int exceptionType) {
+        try {
+            if (DBG) log("sendEventQosCallbackError: sending...");
+            mCallback.onError(exceptionType);
+        } catch (final RemoteException e) {
+            loge("sendEventQosCallbackError: remote exception", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void log(@NonNull final String msg) {
+        Log.d(TAG, msg);
+    }
+
+    private static void logw(@NonNull final String msg) {
+        Log.w(TAG, msg);
+    }
+
+    private static void loge(@NonNull final String msg, final Throwable t) {
+        Log.e(TAG, msg, t);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/QosCallbackTracker.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/QosCallbackTracker.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6ab47b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/QosCallbackTracker.java
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.net.IQosCallback;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.QosCallbackException;
+import android.net.QosFilter;
+import android.net.QosSession;
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.telephony.data.EpsBearerQosSessionAttributes;
+import android.telephony.data.NrQosSessionAttributes;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
+import com.android.server.ConnectivityService;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * Tracks qos callbacks and handles the communication between the network agent and application.
+ * <p/>
+ * Any method prefixed by handle must be called from the
+ * {@link com.android.server.ConnectivityService} handler thread.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class QosCallbackTracker {
+    private static final String TAG = QosCallbackTracker.class.getSimpleName();
+    private static final boolean DBG = true;
+
+    @NonNull
+    private final Handler mConnectivityServiceHandler;
+
+    @NonNull
+    private final ConnectivityService.PerUidCounter mNetworkRequestCounter;
+
+    /**
+     * Each agent gets a unique callback id that is used to proxy messages back to the original
+     * callback.
+     * <p/>
+     * Note: The fact that this is initialized to 0 is to ensure that the thread running
+     * {@link #handleRegisterCallback(IQosCallback, QosFilter, int, NetworkAgentInfo)} sees the
+     * initialized value. This would not necessarily be the case if the value was initialized to
+     * the non-default value.
+     * <p/>
+     * Note: The term previous does not apply to the first callback id that is assigned.
+     */
+    private int mPreviousAgentCallbackId = 0;
+
+    @NonNull
+    private final List<QosCallbackAgentConnection> mConnections = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    /**
+     *
+     * @param connectivityServiceHandler must be the same handler used with
+     *                {@link com.android.server.ConnectivityService}
+     * @param networkRequestCounter keeps track of the number of open requests under a given
+     *                              uid
+     */
+    public QosCallbackTracker(@NonNull final Handler connectivityServiceHandler,
+            final ConnectivityService.PerUidCounter networkRequestCounter) {
+        mConnectivityServiceHandler = connectivityServiceHandler;
+        mNetworkRequestCounter = networkRequestCounter;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Registers the callback with the tracker
+     *
+     * @param callback the callback to register
+     * @param filter the filter being registered alongside the callback
+     */
+    public void registerCallback(@NonNull final IQosCallback callback,
+            @NonNull final QosFilter filter, @NonNull final NetworkAgentInfo networkAgentInfo) {
+        final int uid = Binder.getCallingUid();
+
+        // Enforce that the number of requests under this uid has exceeded the allowed number
+        mNetworkRequestCounter.incrementCountOrThrow(uid);
+
+        mConnectivityServiceHandler.post(
+                () -> handleRegisterCallback(callback, filter, uid, networkAgentInfo));
+    }
+
+    private void handleRegisterCallback(@NonNull final IQosCallback callback,
+            @NonNull final QosFilter filter, final int uid,
+            @NonNull final NetworkAgentInfo networkAgentInfo) {
+        final QosCallbackAgentConnection ac =
+                handleRegisterCallbackInternal(callback, filter, uid, networkAgentInfo);
+        if (ac != null) {
+            if (DBG) log("handleRegisterCallback: added callback " + ac.getAgentCallbackId());
+            mConnections.add(ac);
+        } else {
+            mNetworkRequestCounter.decrementCount(uid);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private QosCallbackAgentConnection handleRegisterCallbackInternal(
+            @NonNull final IQosCallback callback,
+            @NonNull final QosFilter filter, final int uid,
+            @NonNull final NetworkAgentInfo networkAgentInfo) {
+        final IBinder binder = callback.asBinder();
+        if (CollectionUtils.any(mConnections, c -> c.getBinder().equals(binder))) {
+            // A duplicate registration would have only made this far due to a programming error.
+            logwtf("handleRegisterCallback: Callbacks can only be register once.");
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        mPreviousAgentCallbackId = mPreviousAgentCallbackId + 1;
+        final int newCallbackId = mPreviousAgentCallbackId;
+
+        final QosCallbackAgentConnection ac =
+                new QosCallbackAgentConnection(this, newCallbackId, callback,
+                        filter, uid, networkAgentInfo);
+
+        final int exceptionType = filter.validate();
+        if (exceptionType != QosCallbackException.EX_TYPE_FILTER_NONE) {
+            ac.sendEventQosCallbackError(exceptionType);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        // Only add to the callback maps if the NetworkAgent successfully registered it
+        if (!ac.sendCmdRegisterCallback()) {
+            // There was an issue when registering the agent
+            if (DBG) log("handleRegisterCallback: error sending register callback");
+            mNetworkRequestCounter.decrementCount(uid);
+            return null;
+        }
+        return ac;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unregisters callback
+     * @param callback callback to unregister
+     */
+    public void unregisterCallback(@NonNull final IQosCallback callback) {
+        mConnectivityServiceHandler.post(() -> handleUnregisterCallback(callback.asBinder(), true));
+    }
+
+    private void handleUnregisterCallback(@NonNull final IBinder binder,
+            final boolean sendToNetworkAgent) {
+        final int connIndex =
+                CollectionUtils.indexOf(mConnections, c -> c.getBinder().equals(binder));
+        if (connIndex < 0) {
+            logw("handleUnregisterCallback: no matching agentConnection");
+            return;
+        }
+        final QosCallbackAgentConnection agentConnection = mConnections.get(connIndex);
+
+        if (DBG) {
+            log("handleUnregisterCallback: unregister "
+                    + agentConnection.getAgentCallbackId());
+        }
+
+        mNetworkRequestCounter.decrementCount(agentConnection.getUid());
+        mConnections.remove(agentConnection);
+
+        if (sendToNetworkAgent) {
+            agentConnection.sendCmdUnregisterCallback();
+        }
+        agentConnection.unlinkToDeathRecipient();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called when the NetworkAgent sends the qos session available event for EPS
+     *
+     * @param qosCallbackId the callback id that the qos session is now available to
+     * @param session the qos session that is now available
+     * @param attributes the qos attributes that are now available on the qos session
+     */
+    public void sendEventEpsQosSessionAvailable(final int qosCallbackId,
+            final QosSession session,
+            final EpsBearerQosSessionAttributes attributes) {
+        runOnAgentConnection(qosCallbackId, "sendEventEpsQosSessionAvailable: ",
+                ac -> ac.sendEventEpsQosSessionAvailable(session, attributes));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called when the NetworkAgent sends the qos session available event for NR
+     *
+     * @param qosCallbackId the callback id that the qos session is now available to
+     * @param session the qos session that is now available
+     * @param attributes the qos attributes that are now available on the qos session
+     */
+    public void sendEventNrQosSessionAvailable(final int qosCallbackId,
+            final QosSession session,
+            final NrQosSessionAttributes attributes) {
+        runOnAgentConnection(qosCallbackId, "sendEventNrQosSessionAvailable: ",
+                ac -> ac.sendEventNrQosSessionAvailable(session, attributes));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called when the NetworkAgent sends the qos session lost event
+     *
+     * @param qosCallbackId the callback id that lost the qos session
+     * @param session the corresponding qos session
+     */
+    public void sendEventQosSessionLost(final int qosCallbackId,
+            final QosSession session) {
+        runOnAgentConnection(qosCallbackId, "sendEventQosSessionLost: ",
+                ac -> ac.sendEventQosSessionLost(session));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called when the NetworkAgent sends the qos session on error event
+     *
+     * @param qosCallbackId the callback id that should receive the exception
+     * @param exceptionType the type of exception that caused the callback to error
+     */
+    public void sendEventQosCallbackError(final int qosCallbackId,
+            @QosCallbackException.ExceptionType final int exceptionType) {
+        runOnAgentConnection(qosCallbackId, "sendEventQosCallbackError: ",
+                ac -> {
+                    ac.sendEventQosCallbackError(exceptionType);
+                    handleUnregisterCallback(ac.getBinder(), false);
+                });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unregisters all callbacks associated to this network agent
+     *
+     * Note: Must be called on the connectivity service handler thread
+     *
+     * @param network the network that was released
+     */
+    public void handleNetworkReleased(@Nullable final Network network) {
+        // Iterate in reverse order as agent connections will be removed when unregistering
+        for (int i = mConnections.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            final QosCallbackAgentConnection agentConnection = mConnections.get(i);
+            if (!agentConnection.getNetwork().equals(network)) continue;
+            agentConnection.sendEventQosCallbackError(
+                    QosCallbackException.EX_TYPE_FILTER_NETWORK_RELEASED);
+
+            // Call unregister workflow w\o sending anything to agent since it is disconnected.
+            handleUnregisterCallback(agentConnection.getBinder(), false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private interface AgentConnectionAction {
+        void execute(@NonNull QosCallbackAgentConnection agentConnection);
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    private void runOnAgentConnection(final int qosCallbackId,
+            @NonNull final String logPrefix,
+            @NonNull final AgentConnectionAction action) {
+        mConnectivityServiceHandler.post(() -> {
+            final int acIndex = CollectionUtils.indexOf(mConnections,
+                            c -> c.getAgentCallbackId() == qosCallbackId);
+            if (acIndex == -1) {
+                loge(logPrefix + ": " + qosCallbackId + " missing callback id");
+                return;
+            }
+
+            action.execute(mConnections.get(acIndex));
+        });
+    }
+
+    private static void log(final String msg) {
+        Log.d(TAG, msg);
+    }
+
+    private static void logw(final String msg) {
+        Log.w(TAG, msg);
+    }
+
+    private static void loge(final String msg) {
+        Log.e(TAG, msg);
+    }
+
+    private static void logwtf(final String msg) {
+        Log.wtf(TAG, msg);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/TcpKeepaliveController.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/TcpKeepaliveController.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..acfbb3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/TcpKeepaliveController.java
@@ -0,0 +1,418 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import static android.net.SocketKeepalive.DATA_RECEIVED;
+import static android.net.SocketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS;
+import static android.net.SocketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_SOCKET;
+import static android.net.SocketKeepalive.ERROR_SOCKET_NOT_IDLE;
+import static android.net.SocketKeepalive.ERROR_UNSUPPORTED;
+import static android.os.MessageQueue.OnFileDescriptorEventListener.EVENT_ERROR;
+import static android.os.MessageQueue.OnFileDescriptorEventListener.EVENT_INPUT;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.ENOPROTOOPT;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.FIONREAD;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_IP;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_TCP;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IP_TOS;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IP_TTL;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.TIOCOUTQ;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV4_HEADER_MIN_LEN;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.net.InvalidPacketException;
+import android.net.NetworkUtils;
+import android.net.SocketKeepalive.InvalidSocketException;
+import android.net.TcpKeepalivePacketData;
+import android.net.TcpKeepalivePacketDataParcelable;
+import android.net.TcpRepairWindow;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.MessageQueue;
+import android.os.Messenger;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.system.Os;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.SparseArray;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.net.module.util.IpUtils;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.KeepaliveTracker.KeepaliveInfo;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.SocketAddress;
+import java.net.SocketException;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+
+/**
+ * Manage tcp socket which offloads tcp keepalive.
+ *
+ * The input socket will be changed to repair mode and the application
+ * will not have permission to read/write data. If the application wants
+ * to write data, it must stop tcp keepalive offload to leave repair mode
+ * first. If a remote packet arrives, repair mode will be turned off and
+ * offload will be stopped. The application will receive a callback to know
+ * it can start reading data.
+ *
+ * {start,stop}SocketMonitor are thread-safe, but care must be taken in the
+ * order in which they are called. Please note that while calling
+ * {@link #startSocketMonitor(FileDescriptor, Messenger, int)} multiple times
+ * with either the same slot or the same FileDescriptor without stopping it in
+ * between will result in an exception, calling {@link #stopSocketMonitor(int)}
+ * multiple times with the same int is explicitly a no-op.
+ * Please also note that switching the socket to repair mode is not synchronized
+ * with either of these operations and has to be done in an orderly fashion
+ * with stopSocketMonitor. Take care in calling these in the right order.
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class TcpKeepaliveController {
+    private static final String TAG = "TcpKeepaliveController";
+    private static final boolean DBG = false;
+
+    private final MessageQueue mFdHandlerQueue;
+
+    private static final int FD_EVENTS = EVENT_INPUT | EVENT_ERROR;
+
+    private static final int TCP_HEADER_LENGTH = 20;
+
+    // Reference include/uapi/linux/tcp.h
+    private static final int TCP_REPAIR = 19;
+    private static final int TCP_REPAIR_QUEUE = 20;
+    private static final int TCP_QUEUE_SEQ = 21;
+    private static final int TCP_NO_QUEUE = 0;
+    private static final int TCP_RECV_QUEUE = 1;
+    private static final int TCP_SEND_QUEUE = 2;
+    private static final int TCP_REPAIR_OFF = 0;
+    private static final int TCP_REPAIR_ON = 1;
+    // Reference include/uapi/linux/sockios.h
+    private static final int SIOCINQ = FIONREAD;
+    private static final int SIOCOUTQ = TIOCOUTQ;
+
+    /**
+     * Keeps track of packet listeners.
+     * Key: slot number of keepalive offload.
+     * Value: {@link FileDescriptor} being listened to.
+     */
+    @GuardedBy("mListeners")
+    private final SparseArray<FileDescriptor> mListeners = new SparseArray<>();
+
+    public TcpKeepaliveController(final Handler connectivityServiceHandler) {
+        mFdHandlerQueue = connectivityServiceHandler.getLooper().getQueue();
+    }
+
+    /** Build tcp keepalive packet. */
+    public static TcpKeepalivePacketData getTcpKeepalivePacket(@NonNull FileDescriptor fd)
+            throws InvalidPacketException, InvalidSocketException {
+        try {
+            final TcpKeepalivePacketDataParcelable tcpDetails = switchToRepairMode(fd);
+            // TODO: consider building a TcpKeepalivePacketData directly from switchToRepairMode
+            return fromStableParcelable(tcpDetails);
+        } catch (InvalidPacketException | InvalidSocketException e) {
+            switchOutOfRepairMode(fd);
+            throw e;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Factory method to create tcp keepalive packet structure.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static TcpKeepalivePacketData fromStableParcelable(
+            TcpKeepalivePacketDataParcelable tcpDetails) throws InvalidPacketException {
+        final byte[] packet;
+        try {
+            if ((tcpDetails.srcAddress != null) && (tcpDetails.dstAddress != null)
+                    && (tcpDetails.srcAddress.length == 4 /* V4 IP length */)
+                    && (tcpDetails.dstAddress.length == 4 /* V4 IP length */)) {
+                packet = buildV4Packet(tcpDetails);
+            } else {
+                // TODO: support ipv6
+                throw new InvalidPacketException(ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS);
+            }
+            return new TcpKeepalivePacketData(
+                    InetAddress.getByAddress(tcpDetails.srcAddress),
+                    tcpDetails.srcPort,
+                    InetAddress.getByAddress(tcpDetails.dstAddress),
+                    tcpDetails.dstPort,
+                    packet,
+                    tcpDetails.seq, tcpDetails.ack, tcpDetails.rcvWnd, tcpDetails.rcvWndScale,
+                    tcpDetails.tos, tcpDetails.ttl);
+        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
+            throw new InvalidPacketException(ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Build ipv4 tcp keepalive packet, not including the link-layer header.
+     */
+    // TODO : if this code is ever moved to the network stack, factorize constants with the ones
+    // over there.
+    // TODO: consider using Ipv4Utils.buildTcpv4Packet() instead
+    private static byte[] buildV4Packet(TcpKeepalivePacketDataParcelable tcpDetails) {
+        final int length = IPV4_HEADER_MIN_LEN + TCP_HEADER_LENGTH;
+        ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(length);
+        buf.order(ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN);
+        buf.put((byte) 0x45);                       // IP version and IHL
+        buf.put((byte) tcpDetails.tos);             // TOS
+        buf.putShort((short) length);
+        buf.putInt(0x00004000);                     // ID, flags=DF, offset
+        buf.put((byte) tcpDetails.ttl);             // TTL
+        buf.put((byte) IPPROTO_TCP);
+        final int ipChecksumOffset = buf.position();
+        buf.putShort((short) 0);                    // IP checksum
+        buf.put(tcpDetails.srcAddress);
+        buf.put(tcpDetails.dstAddress);
+        buf.putShort((short) tcpDetails.srcPort);
+        buf.putShort((short) tcpDetails.dstPort);
+        buf.putInt(tcpDetails.seq);                 // Sequence Number
+        buf.putInt(tcpDetails.ack);                 // ACK
+        buf.putShort((short) 0x5010);               // TCP length=5, flags=ACK
+        buf.putShort((short) (tcpDetails.rcvWnd >> tcpDetails.rcvWndScale));   // Window size
+        final int tcpChecksumOffset = buf.position();
+        buf.putShort((short) 0);                    // TCP checksum
+        // URG is not set therefore the urgent pointer is zero.
+        buf.putShort((short) 0);                    // Urgent pointer
+
+        buf.putShort(ipChecksumOffset, com.android.net.module.util.IpUtils.ipChecksum(buf, 0));
+        buf.putShort(tcpChecksumOffset, IpUtils.tcpChecksum(
+                buf, 0, IPV4_HEADER_MIN_LEN, TCP_HEADER_LENGTH));
+
+        return buf.array();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Switch the tcp socket to repair mode and query detail tcp information.
+     *
+     * @param fd the fd of socket on which to use keepalive offload.
+     * @return a {@link TcpKeepalivePacketDataParcelable} object for current
+     * tcp/ip information.
+     */
+    private static TcpKeepalivePacketDataParcelable switchToRepairMode(FileDescriptor fd)
+            throws InvalidSocketException {
+        if (DBG) Log.i(TAG, "switchToRepairMode to start tcp keepalive : " + fd);
+        final TcpKeepalivePacketDataParcelable tcpDetails = new TcpKeepalivePacketDataParcelable();
+        final SocketAddress srcSockAddr;
+        final SocketAddress dstSockAddr;
+        final TcpRepairWindow trw;
+
+        // Query source address and port.
+        try {
+            srcSockAddr = Os.getsockname(fd);
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Get sockname fail: ", e);
+            throw new InvalidSocketException(ERROR_INVALID_SOCKET, e);
+        }
+        if (srcSockAddr instanceof InetSocketAddress) {
+            tcpDetails.srcAddress = getAddress((InetSocketAddress) srcSockAddr);
+            tcpDetails.srcPort = getPort((InetSocketAddress) srcSockAddr);
+        } else {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Invalid or mismatched SocketAddress");
+            throw new InvalidSocketException(ERROR_INVALID_SOCKET);
+        }
+        // Query destination address and port.
+        try {
+            dstSockAddr = Os.getpeername(fd);
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Get peername fail: ", e);
+            throw new InvalidSocketException(ERROR_INVALID_SOCKET, e);
+        }
+        if (dstSockAddr instanceof InetSocketAddress) {
+            tcpDetails.dstAddress = getAddress((InetSocketAddress) dstSockAddr);
+            tcpDetails.dstPort = getPort((InetSocketAddress) dstSockAddr);
+        } else {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Invalid or mismatched peer SocketAddress");
+            throw new InvalidSocketException(ERROR_INVALID_SOCKET);
+        }
+
+        // Query sequence and ack number
+        dropAllIncomingPackets(fd, true);
+        try {
+            // Switch to tcp repair mode.
+            Os.setsockoptInt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_REPAIR, TCP_REPAIR_ON);
+
+            // Check if socket is idle.
+            if (!isSocketIdle(fd)) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Socket is not idle");
+                throw new InvalidSocketException(ERROR_SOCKET_NOT_IDLE);
+            }
+            // Query write sequence number from SEND_QUEUE.
+            Os.setsockoptInt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_REPAIR_QUEUE, TCP_SEND_QUEUE);
+            tcpDetails.seq = Os.getsockoptInt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_QUEUE_SEQ);
+            // Query read sequence number from RECV_QUEUE.
+            Os.setsockoptInt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_REPAIR_QUEUE, TCP_RECV_QUEUE);
+            tcpDetails.ack = Os.getsockoptInt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_QUEUE_SEQ);
+            // Switch to NO_QUEUE to prevent illegal socket read/write in repair mode.
+            Os.setsockoptInt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_REPAIR_QUEUE, TCP_NO_QUEUE);
+            // Finally, check if socket is still idle. TODO : this check needs to move to
+            // after starting polling to prevent a race.
+            if (!isReceiveQueueEmpty(fd)) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Fatal: receive queue of this socket is not empty");
+                throw new InvalidSocketException(ERROR_INVALID_SOCKET);
+            }
+            if (!isSendQueueEmpty(fd)) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Socket is not idle");
+                throw new InvalidSocketException(ERROR_SOCKET_NOT_IDLE);
+            }
+
+            // Query tcp window size.
+            trw = NetworkUtils.getTcpRepairWindow(fd);
+            tcpDetails.rcvWnd = trw.rcvWnd;
+            tcpDetails.rcvWndScale = trw.rcvWndScale;
+            if (tcpDetails.srcAddress.length == 4 /* V4 address length */) {
+                // Query TOS.
+                tcpDetails.tos = Os.getsockoptInt(fd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TOS);
+                // Query TTL.
+                tcpDetails.ttl = Os.getsockoptInt(fd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL);
+            }
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Exception reading TCP state from socket", e);
+            if (e.errno == ENOPROTOOPT) {
+                // ENOPROTOOPT may happen in kernel version lower than 4.8.
+                // Treat it as ERROR_UNSUPPORTED.
+                throw new InvalidSocketException(ERROR_UNSUPPORTED, e);
+            } else {
+                throw new InvalidSocketException(ERROR_INVALID_SOCKET, e);
+            }
+        } finally {
+            dropAllIncomingPackets(fd, false);
+        }
+
+        // Keepalive sequence number is last sequence number - 1. If it couldn't be retrieved,
+        // then it must be set to -1, so decrement in all cases.
+        tcpDetails.seq = tcpDetails.seq - 1;
+
+        return tcpDetails;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Switch the tcp socket out of repair mode.
+     *
+     * @param fd the fd of socket to switch back to normal.
+     */
+    private static void switchOutOfRepairMode(@NonNull final FileDescriptor fd) {
+        try {
+            Os.setsockoptInt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_REPAIR, TCP_REPAIR_OFF);
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Cannot switch socket out of repair mode", e);
+            // Well, there is not much to do here to recover
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start monitoring incoming packets.
+     *
+     * @param fd socket fd to monitor.
+     * @param ki a {@link KeepaliveInfo} that tracks information about a socket keepalive.
+     * @param slot keepalive slot.
+     */
+    public void startSocketMonitor(@NonNull final FileDescriptor fd,
+            @NonNull final KeepaliveInfo ki, final int slot)
+            throws IllegalArgumentException, InvalidSocketException {
+        synchronized (mListeners) {
+            if (null != mListeners.get(slot)) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("This slot is already taken");
+            }
+            for (int i = 0; i < mListeners.size(); ++i) {
+                if (fd.equals(mListeners.valueAt(i))) {
+                    Log.e(TAG, "This fd is already registered.");
+                    throw new InvalidSocketException(ERROR_INVALID_SOCKET);
+                }
+            }
+            mFdHandlerQueue.addOnFileDescriptorEventListener(fd, FD_EVENTS, (readyFd, events) -> {
+                // This can't be called twice because the queue guarantees that once the listener
+                // is unregistered it can't be called again, even for a message that arrived
+                // before it was unregistered.
+                final int reason;
+                if (0 != (events & EVENT_ERROR)) {
+                    reason = ERROR_INVALID_SOCKET;
+                } else {
+                    reason = DATA_RECEIVED;
+                }
+                ki.onFileDescriptorInitiatedStop(reason);
+                // The listener returns the new set of events to listen to. Because 0 means no
+                // event, the listener gets unregistered.
+                return 0;
+            });
+            mListeners.put(slot, fd);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Stop socket monitor */
+    // This slot may have been stopped automatically already because the socket received data,
+    // was closed on the other end or otherwise suffered some error. In this case, this function
+    // is a no-op.
+    public void stopSocketMonitor(final int slot) {
+        final FileDescriptor fd;
+        synchronized (mListeners) {
+            fd = mListeners.get(slot);
+            if (null == fd) return;
+            mListeners.remove(slot);
+        }
+        mFdHandlerQueue.removeOnFileDescriptorEventListener(fd);
+        if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Moving socket out of repair mode for stop : " + fd);
+        switchOutOfRepairMode(fd);
+    }
+
+    private static byte [] getAddress(InetSocketAddress inetAddr) {
+        return inetAddr.getAddress().getAddress();
+    }
+
+    private static int getPort(InetSocketAddress inetAddr) {
+        return inetAddr.getPort();
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isSocketIdle(FileDescriptor fd) throws ErrnoException {
+        return isReceiveQueueEmpty(fd) && isSendQueueEmpty(fd);
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isReceiveQueueEmpty(FileDescriptor fd)
+            throws ErrnoException {
+        final int result = Os.ioctlInt(fd, SIOCINQ);
+        if (result != 0) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Read queue has data");
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isSendQueueEmpty(FileDescriptor fd)
+            throws ErrnoException {
+        final int result = Os.ioctlInt(fd, SIOCOUTQ);
+        if (result != 0) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Write queue has data");
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private static void dropAllIncomingPackets(FileDescriptor fd, boolean enable)
+            throws InvalidSocketException {
+        try {
+            if (enable) {
+                NetworkUtils.attachDropAllBPFFilter(fd);
+            } else {
+                NetworkUtils.detachBPFFilter(fd);
+            }
+        } catch (SocketException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Socket Exception: ", e);
+            throw new InvalidSocketException(ERROR_INVALID_SOCKET, e);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/UidRangeUtils.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/UidRangeUtils.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..541340b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/UidRangeUtils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.net.UidRange;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * Utility class for UidRange
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public final class UidRangeUtils {
+    /**
+     * Check if given uid range set is within the uid range
+     * @param uids uid range in which uidRangeSet is checked to be in range.
+     * @param uidRangeSet uid range set to be be checked if it is in range of uids
+     * @return true uidRangeSet is in the range of uids
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static boolean isRangeSetInUidRange(@NonNull UidRange uids,
+            @NonNull Set<UidRange> uidRangeSet) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(uids);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(uidRangeSet);
+        if (uidRangeSet.size() == 0) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        for (UidRange range : uidRangeSet) {
+            if (!uids.contains(range.start) || !uids.contains(range.stop)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove given uid ranges set from a uid range
+     * @param uids uid range from which uidRangeSet will be removed
+     * @param uidRangeSet uid range set to be removed from uids.
+     * WARNING : This function requires the UidRanges in uidRangeSet to be disjoint
+     * WARNING : This function requires the arrayset to be iterated in increasing order of the
+     *                    ranges. Today this is provided by the iteration order stability of
+     *                    ArraySet, and the fact that the code creating this ArraySet always
+     *                    creates it in increasing order.
+     * Note : if any of the above is not satisfied this function throws IllegalArgumentException
+     * TODO : remove these limitations
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static ArraySet<UidRange> removeRangeSetFromUidRange(@NonNull UidRange uids,
+            @NonNull ArraySet<UidRange> uidRangeSet) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(uids);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(uidRangeSet);
+        final ArraySet<UidRange> filteredRangeSet = new ArraySet<UidRange>();
+        if (uidRangeSet.size() == 0) {
+            filteredRangeSet.add(uids);
+            return filteredRangeSet;
+        }
+
+        int start = uids.start;
+        UidRange previousRange = null;
+        for (UidRange uidRange : uidRangeSet) {
+            if (previousRange != null) {
+                if (previousRange.stop > uidRange.start) {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("UID ranges are not increasing order");
+                }
+            }
+            if (uidRange.start > start) {
+                filteredRangeSet.add(new UidRange(start, uidRange.start - 1));
+                start = uidRange.stop + 1;
+            } else if (uidRange.start == start) {
+                start = uidRange.stop + 1;
+            }
+            previousRange = uidRange;
+        }
+        if (start < uids.stop) {
+            filteredRangeSet.add(new UidRange(start, uids.stop));
+        }
+        return filteredRangeSet;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compare if the given UID range sets have overlapping uids
+     * @param uidRangeSet1 first uid range set to check for overlap
+     * @param uidRangeSet2 second uid range set to check for overlap
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static boolean doesRangeSetOverlap(@NonNull Set<UidRange> uidRangeSet1,
+            @NonNull Set<UidRange> uidRangeSet2) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(uidRangeSet1);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(uidRangeSet2);
+
+        if (uidRangeSet1.size() == 0 || uidRangeSet2.size() == 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        for (UidRange range1 : uidRangeSet1) {
+            for (UidRange range2 : uidRangeSet2) {
+                if (range1.contains(range2.start) || range1.contains(range2.stop)
+                        || range2.contains(range1.start) || range2.contains(range1.stop)) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convert a list of uids to set of UidRanges.
+     * @param uids list of uids
+     * @return set of UidRanges
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static ArraySet<UidRange> convertListToUidRange(@NonNull List<Integer> uids) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(uids);
+        final ArraySet<UidRange> uidRangeSet = new ArraySet<UidRange>();
+        if (uids.size() == 0) {
+            return uidRangeSet;
+        }
+        List<Integer> uidsNew = new ArrayList<>(uids);
+        Collections.sort(uidsNew);
+        int start = uidsNew.get(0);
+        int stop = start;
+
+        for (Integer i : uidsNew) {
+            if (i <= stop + 1) {
+                stop = i;
+            } else {
+                uidRangeSet.add(new UidRange(start, stop));
+                start = i;
+                stop = i;
+            }
+        }
+        uidRangeSet.add(new UidRange(start, stop));
+        return uidRangeSet;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convert an array of uids to set of UidRanges.
+     * @param uids array of uids
+     * @return set of UidRanges
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static ArraySet<UidRange> convertArrayToUidRange(@NonNull int[] uids) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(uids);
+        final ArraySet<UidRange> uidRangeSet = new ArraySet<UidRange>();
+        if (uids.length == 0) {
+            return uidRangeSet;
+        }
+        int[] uidsNew = uids.clone();
+        Arrays.sort(uidsNew);
+        int start = uidsNew[0];
+        int stop = start;
+
+        for (int i : uidsNew) {
+            if (i <= stop + 1) {
+                stop = i;
+            } else {
+                uidRangeSet.add(new UidRange(start, stop));
+                start = i;
+                stop = i;
+            }
+        }
+        uidRangeSet.add(new UidRange(start, stop));
+        return uidRangeSet;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/common/Android.bp b/tests/common/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b23074d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+// Tests in this folder are included both in unit tests and CTS.
+// They must be fast and stable, and exercise public or test APIs.
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+java_library {
+    name: "FrameworksNetCommonTests",
+    defaults: ["framework-connectivity-test-defaults"],
+    srcs: [
+        "java/**/*.java",
+        "java/**/*.kt",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "androidx.core_core",
+        "androidx.test.rules",
+        "junit",
+        "mockito-target-minus-junit4",
+        "modules-utils-build",
+        "net-tests-utils",
+        "net-utils-framework-common",
+        "platform-test-annotations",
+    ],
+    libs: [
+        "android.test.base.stubs",
+    ],
+}
+
+// Connectivity coverage tests combines Tethering and Connectivity tests, each with their
+// respective jarjar rules applied.
+// Some tests may be duplicated (in particular static lib tests), as they need to be run under both
+// jarjared packages to cover both usages.
+android_library {
+    name: "ConnectivityCoverageTestsLib",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+    static_libs: [
+        "FrameworksNetTestsLib",
+        "NetdStaticLibTestsLib",
+        "NetworkStaticLibTestsLib",
+    ],
+    jarjar_rules: ":connectivity-jarjar-rules",
+    manifest: "AndroidManifest_coverage.xml",
+    visibility: ["//visibility:private"],
+}
+
+android_test {
+    name: "ConnectivityCoverageTests",
+    // Tethering started on SDK 30
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+    target_sdk_version: "31",
+    test_suites: ["general-tests", "mts-tethering"],
+    defaults: [
+        "framework-connectivity-test-defaults",
+        "FrameworksNetTests-jni-defaults",
+        "libnetworkstackutilsjni_deps",
+    ],
+    manifest: "AndroidManifest_coverage.xml",
+    test_config: "AndroidTest_Coverage.xml",
+    static_libs: [
+        // Added first so all tests use extended mockito, instead of all tests using regular mockito
+        // (some tests would fail).
+        // TODO: consider removing extended mockito usage in tests that use it, for performance
+        "mockito-target-extended-minus-junit4",
+        "modules-utils-native-coverage-listener",
+        "ConnectivityCoverageTestsLib",
+        "TetheringCoverageTestsLib",
+    ],
+    jni_libs: [
+        // For mockito extended
+        "libdexmakerjvmtiagent",
+        "libstaticjvmtiagent",
+        // For NetworkStackUtils included in NetworkStackBase
+        "libnetworkstackutilsjni",
+        "libandroid_net_connectivity_com_android_net_module_util_jni",
+        "libcom_android_networkstack_tethering_util_jni",
+        // For framework tests
+        "libservice-connectivity",
+    ],
+    libs: [
+        // Although not required to compile the static libs together, the "libs" used to build each
+        // of the common static test libs are necessary for R8 to avoid "Missing class" warnings and
+        // incorrect optimizations
+        "framework-tethering.impl",
+        "framework-wifi.stubs.module_lib",
+    ],
+    compile_multilib: "both",
+}
+
+// defaults for tests that need to build against framework-connectivity's @hide APIs
+// Only usable from targets that have visibility on framework-connectivity.impl.
+// Instead of using this, consider avoiding to depend on hidden connectivity APIs in
+// tests.
+java_defaults {
+    name: "framework-connectivity-test-defaults",
+    sdk_version: "core_platform", // tests can use @CorePlatformApi's
+    libs: [
+        // order matters: classes in framework-connectivity are resolved before framework,
+        // meaning @hide APIs in framework-connectivity are resolved before @SystemApi
+        // stubs in framework
+        "framework-connectivity.impl",
+        "framework-connectivity-t.impl",
+        "framework-tethering.impl",
+        "framework",
+
+        // if sdk_version="" this gets automatically included, but here we need to add manually.
+        "framework-res",
+    ],
+}
+
+// Defaults for tests that want to run in mainline-presubmit.
+// Not widely used because many of our tests have AndroidTest.xml files and
+// use the mainline-param config-descriptor metadata in AndroidTest.xml.
+
+// test_mainline_modules is an array of strings. Each element in the array is a list of modules
+// separated by "+". The modules in this list must be in alphabetical order.
+// See SuiteModuleLoader.java.
+// TODO: why are the modules separated by + instead of being separate entries in the array?
+mainline_presubmit_modules = [
+        "CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex",
+]
+
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "connectivity-mainline-presubmit-cc-defaults",
+    test_mainline_modules: mainline_presubmit_modules,
+}
+
+java_defaults {
+    name: "connectivity-mainline-presubmit-java-defaults",
+    test_mainline_modules: mainline_presubmit_modules,
+}
diff --git a/tests/common/AndroidManifest_coverage.xml b/tests/common/AndroidManifest_coverage.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a22792
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/AndroidManifest_coverage.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+          xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
+          package="com.android.connectivity.tests.coverage">
+
+    <application tools:replace="android:label"
+                 android:debuggable="true"
+                 android:label="Connectivity coverage tests">
+        <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />
+    </application>
+    <instrumentation android:name="androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
+                     android:targetPackage="com.android.connectivity.tests.coverage"
+                     android:label="Connectivity coverage tests">
+    </instrumentation>
+</manifest>
diff --git a/tests/common/AndroidTest_Coverage.xml b/tests/common/AndroidTest_Coverage.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c8e710
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/AndroidTest_Coverage.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+<configuration description="Runs coverage tests for Connectivity">
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.TestAppInstallSetup">
+        <option name="test-file-name" value="ConnectivityCoverageTests.apk" />
+    </target_preparer>
+
+    <option name="test-tag" value="ConnectivityCoverageTests" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="mainline-param" value="CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex" />
+    <test class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.AndroidJUnitTest" >
+        <option name="package" value="com.android.connectivity.tests.coverage" />
+        <option name="runner" value="androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner" />
+        <option name="hidden-api-checks" value="false"/>
+        <option name="device-listeners" value="com.android.modules.utils.testing.NativeCoverageHackInstrumentationListener" />
+    </test>
+</configuration>
diff --git a/tests/common/java/ParseExceptionTest.kt b/tests/common/java/ParseExceptionTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca01c76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/java/ParseExceptionTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import android.net.ParseException
+import android.os.Build
+import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import junit.framework.Assert.assertEquals
+import junit.framework.Assert.assertNull
+import org.junit.Rule
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+
+@SmallTest
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+@ConnectivityModuleTest
+class ParseExceptionTest {
+    @get:Rule
+    val ignoreRule = DevSdkIgnoreRule(ignoreClassUpTo = Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+
+    @Test
+    fun testConstructor_WithCause() {
+        val testMessage = "Test message"
+        val base = Exception("Test")
+        val exception = ParseException(testMessage, base)
+
+        assertEquals(testMessage, exception.response)
+        assertEquals(base, exception.cause)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testConstructor_NoCause() {
+        val testMessage = "Test message"
+        val exception = ParseException(testMessage)
+
+        assertEquals(testMessage, exception.response)
+        assertNull(exception.cause)
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/CaptivePortalDataTest.kt b/tests/common/java/android/net/CaptivePortalDataTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f927380
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/CaptivePortalDataTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net
+
+import android.os.Build
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel
+import com.android.testutils.assertParcelingIsLossless
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import org.junit.Assert.assertFalse
+import org.junit.Assert.assertTrue
+import org.junit.Rule
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertNotEquals
+
+@SmallTest
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+class CaptivePortalDataTest {
+    @Rule @JvmField
+    val ignoreRule = DevSdkIgnoreRule()
+
+    private val data = CaptivePortalData.Builder()
+            .setRefreshTime(123L)
+            .setUserPortalUrl(Uri.parse("https://portal.example.com/test"))
+            .setVenueInfoUrl(Uri.parse("https://venue.example.com/test"))
+            .setSessionExtendable(true)
+            .setBytesRemaining(456L)
+            .setExpiryTime(789L)
+            .setCaptive(true)
+            .apply {
+                if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastS()) {
+                    setVenueFriendlyName("venue friendly name")
+                }
+            }
+            .build()
+
+    private val dataFromPasspoint = CaptivePortalData.Builder()
+            .setCaptive(true)
+            .apply {
+                if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastS()) {
+                    setVenueFriendlyName("venue friendly name")
+                    setUserPortalUrl(Uri.parse("https://tc.example.com/passpoint"),
+                            CaptivePortalData.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_DATA_SOURCE_PASSPOINT)
+                    setVenueInfoUrl(Uri.parse("https://venue.example.com/passpoint"),
+                            CaptivePortalData.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_DATA_SOURCE_PASSPOINT)
+                }
+            }
+            .build()
+
+    private fun makeBuilder() = CaptivePortalData.Builder(data)
+
+    @Test
+    fun testParcelUnparcel() {
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(data)
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(dataFromPasspoint)
+
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(makeBuilder().setUserPortalUrl(null).build())
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(makeBuilder().setVenueInfoUrl(null).build())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testEquals() {
+        assertEquals(data, makeBuilder().build())
+
+        assertNotEqualsAfterChange { it.setRefreshTime(456L) }
+        assertNotEqualsAfterChange { it.setUserPortalUrl(Uri.parse("https://example.com/")) }
+        assertNotEqualsAfterChange { it.setUserPortalUrl(null) }
+        assertNotEqualsAfterChange { it.setVenueInfoUrl(Uri.parse("https://example.com/")) }
+        assertNotEqualsAfterChange { it.setVenueInfoUrl(null) }
+        assertNotEqualsAfterChange { it.setSessionExtendable(false) }
+        assertNotEqualsAfterChange { it.setBytesRemaining(789L) }
+        assertNotEqualsAfterChange { it.setExpiryTime(12L) }
+        assertNotEqualsAfterChange { it.setCaptive(false) }
+
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastS()) {
+            assertNotEqualsAfterChange { it.setVenueFriendlyName("another friendly name") }
+            assertNotEqualsAfterChange { it.setVenueFriendlyName(null) }
+
+            assertEquals(dataFromPasspoint, CaptivePortalData.Builder(dataFromPasspoint).build())
+            assertNotEqualsAfterChange { it.setUserPortalUrl(
+                    Uri.parse("https://tc.example.com/passpoint")) }
+            assertNotEqualsAfterChange { it.setUserPortalUrl(
+                    Uri.parse("https://tc.example.com/passpoint"),
+                    CaptivePortalData.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_DATA_SOURCE_OTHER) }
+            assertNotEqualsAfterChange { it.setUserPortalUrl(
+                    Uri.parse("https://tc.example.com/other"),
+                    CaptivePortalData.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_DATA_SOURCE_PASSPOINT) }
+            assertNotEqualsAfterChange { it.setUserPortalUrl(
+                    Uri.parse("https://tc.example.com/passpoint"),
+                    CaptivePortalData.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_DATA_SOURCE_OTHER) }
+            assertNotEqualsAfterChange { it.setVenueInfoUrl(
+                    Uri.parse("https://venue.example.com/passpoint")) }
+            assertNotEqualsAfterChange { it.setVenueInfoUrl(
+                    Uri.parse("https://venue.example.com/other"),
+                    CaptivePortalData.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_DATA_SOURCE_PASSPOINT) }
+            assertNotEqualsAfterChange { it.setVenueInfoUrl(
+                    Uri.parse("https://venue.example.com/passpoint"),
+                    CaptivePortalData.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_DATA_SOURCE_OTHER) }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testUserPortalUrl() {
+        assertEquals(Uri.parse("https://portal.example.com/test"), data.userPortalUrl)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testVenueInfoUrl() {
+        assertEquals(Uri.parse("https://venue.example.com/test"), data.venueInfoUrl)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testIsSessionExtendable() {
+        assertTrue(data.isSessionExtendable)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testByteLimit() {
+        assertEquals(456L, data.byteLimit)
+        // Test byteLimit unset.
+        assertEquals(-1L, CaptivePortalData.Builder(null).build().byteLimit)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testRefreshTimeMillis() {
+        assertEquals(123L, data.refreshTimeMillis)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testExpiryTimeMillis() {
+        assertEquals(789L, data.expiryTimeMillis)
+        // Test expiryTimeMillis unset.
+        assertEquals(-1L, CaptivePortalData.Builder(null).build().expiryTimeMillis)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testIsCaptive() {
+        assertTrue(data.isCaptive)
+        assertFalse(makeBuilder().setCaptive(false).build().isCaptive)
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    fun testVenueFriendlyName() {
+        assertEquals("venue friendly name", data.venueFriendlyName)
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    fun testGetVenueInfoUrlSource() {
+        assertEquals(CaptivePortalData.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_DATA_SOURCE_OTHER,
+                data.venueInfoUrlSource)
+        assertEquals(CaptivePortalData.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_DATA_SOURCE_PASSPOINT,
+                dataFromPasspoint.venueInfoUrlSource)
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    fun testGetUserPortalUrlSource() {
+        assertEquals(CaptivePortalData.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_DATA_SOURCE_OTHER,
+                data.userPortalUrlSource)
+        assertEquals(CaptivePortalData.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_DATA_SOURCE_PASSPOINT,
+                dataFromPasspoint.userPortalUrlSource)
+    }
+
+    private fun CaptivePortalData.mutate(mutator: (CaptivePortalData.Builder) -> Unit) =
+            CaptivePortalData.Builder(this).apply { mutator(this) }.build()
+
+    private fun assertNotEqualsAfterChange(mutator: (CaptivePortalData.Builder) -> Unit) {
+        assertNotEquals(data, data.mutate(mutator))
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/CaptivePortalTest.java b/tests/common/java/android/net/CaptivePortalTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..15d3398
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/CaptivePortalTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public class CaptivePortalTest {
+    @Rule
+    public final DevSdkIgnoreRule ignoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
+
+    private static final int DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS = 5000;
+    private static final String TEST_PACKAGE_NAME = "com.google.android.test";
+
+    private final class MyCaptivePortalImpl extends ICaptivePortal.Stub {
+        int mCode = -1;
+        String mPackageName = null;
+
+        @Override
+        public void appResponse(final int response) throws RemoteException {
+            mCode = response;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void appRequest(final int request) throws RemoteException {
+            mCode = request;
+        }
+
+        // This is only @Override on R-
+        public void logEvent(int eventId, String packageName) throws RemoteException {
+            mCode = eventId;
+            mPackageName = packageName;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private interface TestFunctor {
+        void useCaptivePortal(CaptivePortal o);
+    }
+
+    private MyCaptivePortalImpl runCaptivePortalTest(TestFunctor f) {
+        final MyCaptivePortalImpl cp = new MyCaptivePortalImpl();
+        f.useCaptivePortal(new CaptivePortal(cp.asBinder()));
+        return cp;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReportCaptivePortalDismissed() {
+        final MyCaptivePortalImpl result =
+                runCaptivePortalTest(c -> c.reportCaptivePortalDismissed());
+        assertEquals(result.mCode, CaptivePortal.APP_RETURN_DISMISSED);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIgnoreNetwork() {
+        final MyCaptivePortalImpl result = runCaptivePortalTest(c -> c.ignoreNetwork());
+        assertEquals(result.mCode, CaptivePortal.APP_RETURN_UNWANTED);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUseNetwork() {
+        final MyCaptivePortalImpl result = runCaptivePortalTest(c -> c.useNetwork());
+        assertEquals(result.mCode, CaptivePortal.APP_RETURN_WANTED_AS_IS);
+    }
+
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    @Test
+    public void testReevaluateNetwork() {
+        final MyCaptivePortalImpl result = runCaptivePortalTest(c -> c.reevaluateNetwork());
+        assertEquals(result.mCode, CaptivePortal.APP_REQUEST_REEVALUATION_REQUIRED);
+    }
+
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    @Test
+    public void testLogEvent() {
+        /**
+        * From S testLogEvent is expected to do nothing but shouldn't crash (the API
+        * logEvent has been deprecated).
+        */
+        final MyCaptivePortalImpl result = runCaptivePortalTest(c -> c.logEvent(
+                0,
+                TEST_PACKAGE_NAME));
+    }
+
+    @IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    @Test
+    public void testLogEvent_UntilR() {
+        final MyCaptivePortalImpl result = runCaptivePortalTest(c -> c.logEvent(
+                42, TEST_PACKAGE_NAME));
+        assertEquals(result.mCode, 42);
+        assertEquals(result.mPackageName, TEST_PACKAGE_NAME);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManagerTest.java b/tests/common/java/android/net/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManagerTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..03a9a80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManagerTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,387 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityDiagnosticsBinder;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityReport;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.DataStallReport;
+
+import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils.assertParcelingIsLossless;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verifyNoMoreInteractions;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.PersistableBundle;
+
+import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
+import androidx.test.filters.SdkSuppress;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+
+@RunWith(JUnit4.class)
+@SdkSuppress(minSdkVersion = Build.VERSION_CODES.S, codeName = "S")
+public class ConnectivityDiagnosticsManagerTest {
+    private static final int NET_ID = 1;
+    private static final int DETECTION_METHOD = 2;
+    private static final long TIMESTAMP = 10L;
+    private static final String INTERFACE_NAME = "interface";
+    private static final String BUNDLE_KEY = "key";
+    private static final String BUNDLE_VALUE = "value";
+
+    private static final Executor INLINE_EXECUTOR = x -> x.run();
+
+    @Mock private IConnectivityManager mService;
+    @Mock private ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback mCb;
+
+    private Context mContext;
+    private ConnectivityDiagnosticsBinder mBinder;
+    private ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager mManager;
+
+    private String mPackageName;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() {
+        mContext = InstrumentationRegistry.getContext();
+
+        mService = mock(IConnectivityManager.class);
+        mCb = mock(ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback.class);
+
+        mBinder = new ConnectivityDiagnosticsBinder(mCb, INLINE_EXECUTOR);
+        mManager = new ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager(mContext, mService);
+
+        mPackageName = mContext.getOpPackageName();
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() {
+        // clear ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager callbacks map
+        ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.sCallbacks.clear();
+    }
+
+    private ConnectivityReport createSampleConnectivityReport() {
+        final LinkProperties linkProperties = new LinkProperties();
+        linkProperties.setInterfaceName(INTERFACE_NAME);
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        networkCapabilities.addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_IMS);
+
+        final PersistableBundle bundle = new PersistableBundle();
+        bundle.putString(BUNDLE_KEY, BUNDLE_VALUE);
+
+        return new ConnectivityReport(
+                new Network(NET_ID), TIMESTAMP, linkProperties, networkCapabilities, bundle);
+    }
+
+    private ConnectivityReport createDefaultConnectivityReport() {
+        return new ConnectivityReport(
+                new Network(0),
+                0L,
+                new LinkProperties(),
+                new NetworkCapabilities(),
+                PersistableBundle.EMPTY);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPersistableBundleEquals() {
+        assertFalse(
+                ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.persistableBundleEquals(
+                        null, PersistableBundle.EMPTY));
+        assertFalse(
+                ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.persistableBundleEquals(
+                        PersistableBundle.EMPTY, null));
+        assertTrue(
+                ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.persistableBundleEquals(
+                        PersistableBundle.EMPTY, PersistableBundle.EMPTY));
+
+        final PersistableBundle a = new PersistableBundle();
+        a.putString(BUNDLE_KEY, BUNDLE_VALUE);
+
+        final PersistableBundle b = new PersistableBundle();
+        b.putString(BUNDLE_KEY, BUNDLE_VALUE);
+
+        final PersistableBundle c = new PersistableBundle();
+        c.putString(BUNDLE_KEY, null);
+
+        assertFalse(
+                ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.persistableBundleEquals(PersistableBundle.EMPTY, a));
+        assertFalse(
+                ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.persistableBundleEquals(a, PersistableBundle.EMPTY));
+
+        assertTrue(ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.persistableBundleEquals(a, b));
+        assertTrue(ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.persistableBundleEquals(b, a));
+
+        assertFalse(ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.persistableBundleEquals(a, c));
+        assertFalse(ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.persistableBundleEquals(c, a));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConnectivityReportEquals() {
+        final ConnectivityReport defaultReport = createDefaultConnectivityReport();
+        final ConnectivityReport sampleReport = createSampleConnectivityReport();
+        assertEquals(sampleReport, createSampleConnectivityReport());
+        assertEquals(defaultReport, createDefaultConnectivityReport());
+
+        final LinkProperties linkProperties = sampleReport.getLinkProperties();
+        final NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities = sampleReport.getNetworkCapabilities();
+        final PersistableBundle bundle = sampleReport.getAdditionalInfo();
+
+        assertNotEquals(
+                createDefaultConnectivityReport(),
+                new ConnectivityReport(
+                        new Network(NET_ID),
+                        0L,
+                        new LinkProperties(),
+                        new NetworkCapabilities(),
+                        PersistableBundle.EMPTY));
+        assertNotEquals(
+                createDefaultConnectivityReport(),
+                new ConnectivityReport(
+                        new Network(0),
+                        TIMESTAMP,
+                        new LinkProperties(),
+                        new NetworkCapabilities(),
+                        PersistableBundle.EMPTY));
+        assertNotEquals(
+                createDefaultConnectivityReport(),
+                new ConnectivityReport(
+                        new Network(0),
+                        0L,
+                        linkProperties,
+                        new NetworkCapabilities(),
+                        PersistableBundle.EMPTY));
+        assertNotEquals(
+                createDefaultConnectivityReport(),
+                new ConnectivityReport(
+                        new Network(0),
+                        TIMESTAMP,
+                        new LinkProperties(),
+                        networkCapabilities,
+                        PersistableBundle.EMPTY));
+        assertNotEquals(
+                createDefaultConnectivityReport(),
+                new ConnectivityReport(
+                        new Network(0),
+                        TIMESTAMP,
+                        new LinkProperties(),
+                        new NetworkCapabilities(),
+                        bundle));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConnectivityReportParcelUnparcel() {
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(createSampleConnectivityReport());
+    }
+
+    private DataStallReport createSampleDataStallReport() {
+        final LinkProperties linkProperties = new LinkProperties();
+        linkProperties.setInterfaceName(INTERFACE_NAME);
+
+        final PersistableBundle bundle = new PersistableBundle();
+        bundle.putString(BUNDLE_KEY, BUNDLE_VALUE);
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        networkCapabilities.addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_IMS);
+
+        return new DataStallReport(
+                new Network(NET_ID),
+                TIMESTAMP,
+                DETECTION_METHOD,
+                linkProperties,
+                networkCapabilities,
+                bundle);
+    }
+
+    private DataStallReport createDefaultDataStallReport() {
+        return new DataStallReport(
+                new Network(0),
+                0L,
+                0,
+                new LinkProperties(),
+                new NetworkCapabilities(),
+                PersistableBundle.EMPTY);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDataStallReportEquals() {
+        final DataStallReport defaultReport = createDefaultDataStallReport();
+        final DataStallReport sampleReport = createSampleDataStallReport();
+        assertEquals(sampleReport, createSampleDataStallReport());
+        assertEquals(defaultReport, createDefaultDataStallReport());
+
+        final LinkProperties linkProperties = sampleReport.getLinkProperties();
+        final NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities = sampleReport.getNetworkCapabilities();
+        final PersistableBundle bundle = sampleReport.getStallDetails();
+
+        assertNotEquals(
+                defaultReport,
+                new DataStallReport(
+                        new Network(NET_ID),
+                        0L,
+                        0,
+                        new LinkProperties(),
+                        new NetworkCapabilities(),
+                        PersistableBundle.EMPTY));
+        assertNotEquals(
+                defaultReport,
+                new DataStallReport(
+                        new Network(0),
+                        TIMESTAMP,
+                        0,
+                        new LinkProperties(),
+                        new NetworkCapabilities(),
+                        PersistableBundle.EMPTY));
+        assertNotEquals(
+                defaultReport,
+                new DataStallReport(
+                        new Network(0),
+                        0L,
+                        DETECTION_METHOD,
+                        new LinkProperties(),
+                        new NetworkCapabilities(),
+                        PersistableBundle.EMPTY));
+        assertNotEquals(
+                defaultReport,
+                new DataStallReport(
+                        new Network(0),
+                        0L,
+                        0,
+                        linkProperties,
+                        new NetworkCapabilities(),
+                        PersistableBundle.EMPTY));
+        assertNotEquals(
+                defaultReport,
+                new DataStallReport(
+                        new Network(0),
+                        0L,
+                        0,
+                        new LinkProperties(),
+                        networkCapabilities,
+                        PersistableBundle.EMPTY));
+        assertNotEquals(
+                defaultReport,
+                new DataStallReport(
+                        new Network(0),
+                        0L,
+                        0,
+                        new LinkProperties(),
+                        new NetworkCapabilities(),
+                        bundle));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDataStallReportParcelUnparcel() {
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(createSampleDataStallReport());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbackOnConnectivityReportAvailable() {
+        mBinder.onConnectivityReportAvailable(createSampleConnectivityReport());
+
+        // The callback will be invoked synchronously by inline executor. Immediately check the
+        // latch without waiting.
+        verify(mCb).onConnectivityReportAvailable(eq(createSampleConnectivityReport()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbackOnDataStallSuspected() {
+        mBinder.onDataStallSuspected(createSampleDataStallReport());
+
+        // The callback will be invoked synchronously by inline executor. Immediately check the
+        // latch without waiting.
+        verify(mCb).onDataStallSuspected(eq(createSampleDataStallReport()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbackOnNetworkConnectivityReported() {
+        final Network n = new Network(NET_ID);
+        final boolean connectivity = true;
+
+        mBinder.onNetworkConnectivityReported(n, connectivity);
+
+        // The callback will be invoked synchronously by inline executor. Immediately check the
+        // latch without waiting.
+        verify(mCb).onNetworkConnectivityReported(eq(n), eq(connectivity));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRegisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder().build();
+
+        mManager.registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(request, INLINE_EXECUTOR, mCb);
+
+        verify(mService).registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(
+                any(ConnectivityDiagnosticsBinder.class), eq(request), eq(mPackageName));
+        assertTrue(ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.sCallbacks.containsKey(mCb));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRegisterDuplicateConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder().build();
+
+        mManager.registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(request, INLINE_EXECUTOR, mCb);
+
+        try {
+            mManager.registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(request, INLINE_EXECUTOR, mCb);
+            fail("Duplicate callback registration should fail");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUnregisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder().build();
+        mManager.registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(request, INLINE_EXECUTOR, mCb);
+
+        mManager.unregisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(mCb);
+
+        verify(mService).unregisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(
+                any(ConnectivityDiagnosticsBinder.class));
+        assertFalse(ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.sCallbacks.containsKey(mCb));
+
+        // verify that re-registering is successful
+        mManager.registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(request, INLINE_EXECUTOR, mCb);
+        verify(mService, times(2)).registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(
+                any(ConnectivityDiagnosticsBinder.class), eq(request), eq(mPackageName));
+        assertTrue(ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.sCallbacks.containsKey(mCb));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUnregisterUnknownConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback() throws Exception {
+        mManager.unregisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(mCb);
+
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mService);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/ConnectivitySettingsManagerTest.kt b/tests/common/java/android/net/ConnectivitySettingsManagerTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d14d127
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/ConnectivitySettingsManagerTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net
+
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE_AVOID
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE_IGNORE
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE_PROMPT
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.CONNECTIVITY_RELEASE_PENDING_INTENT_DELAY_MS
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.DATA_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT_MOBILE
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.DATA_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT_WIFI
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.DNS_RESOLVER_MAX_SAMPLES
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.DNS_RESOLVER_MIN_SAMPLES
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.DNS_RESOLVER_SAMPLE_VALIDITY_SECONDS
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.DNS_RESOLVER_SUCCESS_THRESHOLD_PERCENT
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.MOBILE_DATA_ALWAYS_ON
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.NETWORK_SWITCH_NOTIFICATION_DAILY_LIMIT
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.NETWORK_SWITCH_NOTIFICATION_RATE_LIMIT_MILLIS
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.PRIVATE_DNS_DEFAULT_MODE
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OFF
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.WIFI_ALWAYS_REQUESTED
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.getCaptivePortalMode
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.getConnectivityKeepPendingIntentDuration
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.getDnsResolverSampleRanges
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.getDnsResolverSampleValidityDuration
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.getDnsResolverSuccessThresholdPercent
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.getIngressRateLimitInBytesPerSecond
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.getMobileDataActivityTimeout
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.getMobileDataAlwaysOn
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.getNetworkSwitchNotificationMaximumDailyCount
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.getNetworkSwitchNotificationRateDuration
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.getPrivateDnsDefaultMode
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.getWifiAlwaysRequested
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.getWifiDataActivityTimeout
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.setCaptivePortalMode
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.setConnectivityKeepPendingIntentDuration
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.setDnsResolverSampleRanges
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.setDnsResolverSampleValidityDuration
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.setDnsResolverSuccessThresholdPercent
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.setIngressRateLimitInBytesPerSecond
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.setMobileDataActivityTimeout
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.setMobileDataAlwaysOn
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.setNetworkSwitchNotificationMaximumDailyCount
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.setNetworkSwitchNotificationRateDuration
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.setPrivateDnsDefaultMode
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.setWifiAlwaysRequested
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.setWifiDataActivityTimeout
+import android.os.Build
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull
+import android.provider.Settings
+import android.util.Range
+import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import com.android.net.module.util.ConnectivitySettingsUtils.getPrivateDnsModeAsString
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import junit.framework.Assert.assertEquals
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import java.time.Duration
+import java.util.Objects
+import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith
+
+/**
+ * Tests for [ConnectivitySettingsManager].
+ *
+ * Build, install and run with:
+ * atest android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManagerTest
+ */
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+@SmallTest
+@AppModeFull(reason = "WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS permission can't be granted to instant apps")
+class ConnectivitySettingsManagerTest {
+    private val instrumentation = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation()
+    private val context = instrumentation.context
+    private val resolver = context.contentResolver
+
+    private val defaultDuration = Duration.ofSeconds(0L)
+    private val testTime1 = 5L
+    private val testTime2 = 10L
+    private val settingsTypeGlobal = "global"
+    private val settingsTypeSecure = "secure"
+
+    /*** Reset setting value or delete setting if the setting was not existed before testing. */
+    private fun resetSettings(names: Array<String>, type: String, values: Array<String?>) {
+        for (i in names.indices) {
+            if (Objects.equals(values[i], null)) {
+                instrumentation.uiAutomation.executeShellCommand(
+                        "settings delete $type ${names[i]}")
+            } else {
+                if (settingsTypeSecure.equals(type)) {
+                    Settings.Secure.putString(resolver, names[i], values[i])
+                } else {
+                    Settings.Global.putString(resolver, names[i], values[i])
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun <T> testIntSetting(
+        names: Array<String>,
+        type: String,
+        value1: T,
+        value2: T,
+        getter: () -> T,
+        setter: (value: T) -> Unit,
+        testIntValues: IntArray
+    ) {
+        val originals: Array<String?> = Array(names.size) { i ->
+            if (settingsTypeSecure.equals(type)) {
+                Settings.Secure.getString(resolver, names[i])
+            } else {
+                Settings.Global.getString(resolver, names[i])
+            }
+        }
+
+        try {
+            for (i in names.indices) {
+                if (settingsTypeSecure.equals(type)) {
+                    Settings.Secure.putString(resolver, names[i], testIntValues[i].toString())
+                } else {
+                    Settings.Global.putString(resolver, names[i], testIntValues[i].toString())
+                }
+            }
+            assertEquals(value1, getter())
+
+            setter(value2)
+            assertEquals(value2, getter())
+        } finally {
+            resetSettings(names, type, originals)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMobileDataActivityTimeout() {
+        testIntSetting(names = arrayOf(DATA_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT_MOBILE), type = settingsTypeGlobal,
+                value1 = Duration.ofSeconds(testTime1), value2 = Duration.ofSeconds(testTime2),
+                getter = { getMobileDataActivityTimeout(context, defaultDuration) },
+                setter = { setMobileDataActivityTimeout(context, it) },
+                testIntValues = intArrayOf(testTime1.toInt()))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testWifiDataActivityTimeout() {
+        testIntSetting(names = arrayOf(DATA_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT_WIFI), type = settingsTypeGlobal,
+                value1 = Duration.ofSeconds(testTime1), value2 = Duration.ofSeconds(testTime2),
+                getter = { getWifiDataActivityTimeout(context, defaultDuration) },
+                setter = { setWifiDataActivityTimeout(context, it) },
+                testIntValues = intArrayOf(testTime1.toInt()))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testDnsResolverSampleValidityDuration() {
+        testIntSetting(names = arrayOf(DNS_RESOLVER_SAMPLE_VALIDITY_SECONDS),
+                type = settingsTypeGlobal, value1 = Duration.ofSeconds(testTime1),
+                value2 = Duration.ofSeconds(testTime2),
+                getter = { getDnsResolverSampleValidityDuration(context, defaultDuration) },
+                setter = { setDnsResolverSampleValidityDuration(context, it) },
+                testIntValues = intArrayOf(testTime1.toInt()))
+
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException>("Expect fail but argument accepted.") {
+            setDnsResolverSampleValidityDuration(context, Duration.ofSeconds(-1L)) }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testDnsResolverSuccessThresholdPercent() {
+        testIntSetting(names = arrayOf(DNS_RESOLVER_SUCCESS_THRESHOLD_PERCENT),
+                type = settingsTypeGlobal, value1 = 5, value2 = 10,
+                getter = { getDnsResolverSuccessThresholdPercent(context, 0 /* def */) },
+                setter = { setDnsResolverSuccessThresholdPercent(context, it) },
+                testIntValues = intArrayOf(5))
+
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException>("Expect fail but argument accepted.") {
+            setDnsResolverSuccessThresholdPercent(context, -1) }
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException>("Expect fail but argument accepted.") {
+            setDnsResolverSuccessThresholdPercent(context, 120) }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testDnsResolverSampleRanges() {
+        testIntSetting(names = arrayOf(DNS_RESOLVER_MIN_SAMPLES, DNS_RESOLVER_MAX_SAMPLES),
+                type = settingsTypeGlobal, value1 = Range(1, 63), value2 = Range(2, 62),
+                getter = { getDnsResolverSampleRanges(context) },
+                setter = { setDnsResolverSampleRanges(context, it) },
+                testIntValues = intArrayOf(1, 63))
+
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException>("Expect fail but argument accepted.") {
+            setDnsResolverSampleRanges(context, Range(-1, 62)) }
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException>("Expect fail but argument accepted.") {
+            setDnsResolverSampleRanges(context, Range(2, 65)) }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testNetworkSwitchNotificationMaximumDailyCount() {
+        testIntSetting(names = arrayOf(NETWORK_SWITCH_NOTIFICATION_DAILY_LIMIT),
+                type = settingsTypeGlobal, value1 = 5, value2 = 15,
+                getter = { getNetworkSwitchNotificationMaximumDailyCount(context, 0 /* def */) },
+                setter = { setNetworkSwitchNotificationMaximumDailyCount(context, it) },
+                testIntValues = intArrayOf(5))
+
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException>("Expect fail but argument accepted.") {
+            setNetworkSwitchNotificationMaximumDailyCount(context, -1) }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testNetworkSwitchNotificationRateDuration() {
+        testIntSetting(names = arrayOf(NETWORK_SWITCH_NOTIFICATION_RATE_LIMIT_MILLIS),
+                type = settingsTypeGlobal, value1 = Duration.ofMillis(testTime1),
+                value2 = Duration.ofMillis(testTime2),
+                getter = { getNetworkSwitchNotificationRateDuration(context, defaultDuration) },
+                setter = { setNetworkSwitchNotificationRateDuration(context, it) },
+                testIntValues = intArrayOf(testTime1.toInt()))
+
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException>("Expect fail but argument accepted.") {
+            setNetworkSwitchNotificationRateDuration(context, Duration.ofMillis(-1L)) }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testCaptivePortalMode() {
+        testIntSetting(names = arrayOf(CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE), type = settingsTypeGlobal,
+                value1 = CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE_AVOID, value2 = CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE_PROMPT,
+                getter = { getCaptivePortalMode(context, CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE_IGNORE) },
+                setter = { setCaptivePortalMode(context, it) },
+                testIntValues = intArrayOf(CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE_AVOID))
+
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException>("Expect fail but argument accepted.") {
+            setCaptivePortalMode(context, 5 /* mode */) }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testPrivateDnsDefaultMode() {
+        val original = Settings.Global.getString(resolver, PRIVATE_DNS_DEFAULT_MODE)
+
+        try {
+            val mode = getPrivateDnsModeAsString(PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC)
+            Settings.Global.putString(resolver, PRIVATE_DNS_DEFAULT_MODE, mode)
+            assertEquals(mode, getPrivateDnsDefaultMode(context))
+
+            setPrivateDnsDefaultMode(context, PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OFF)
+            assertEquals(getPrivateDnsModeAsString(PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OFF),
+                    getPrivateDnsDefaultMode(context))
+        } finally {
+            resetSettings(names = arrayOf(PRIVATE_DNS_DEFAULT_MODE), type = settingsTypeGlobal,
+                    values = arrayOf(original))
+        }
+
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException>("Expect fail but argument accepted.") {
+            setPrivateDnsDefaultMode(context, -1) }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testConnectivityKeepPendingIntentDuration() {
+        testIntSetting(names = arrayOf(CONNECTIVITY_RELEASE_PENDING_INTENT_DELAY_MS),
+                type = settingsTypeSecure, value1 = Duration.ofMillis(testTime1),
+                value2 = Duration.ofMillis(testTime2),
+                getter = { getConnectivityKeepPendingIntentDuration(context, defaultDuration) },
+                setter = { setConnectivityKeepPendingIntentDuration(context, it) },
+                testIntValues = intArrayOf(testTime1.toInt()))
+
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException>("Expect fail but argument accepted.") {
+            setConnectivityKeepPendingIntentDuration(context, Duration.ofMillis(-1L)) }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMobileDataAlwaysOn() {
+        testIntSetting(names = arrayOf(MOBILE_DATA_ALWAYS_ON), type = settingsTypeGlobal,
+                value1 = false, value2 = true,
+                getter = { getMobileDataAlwaysOn(context, true /* def */) },
+                setter = { setMobileDataAlwaysOn(context, it) },
+                testIntValues = intArrayOf(0))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testWifiAlwaysRequested() {
+        testIntSetting(names = arrayOf(WIFI_ALWAYS_REQUESTED), type = settingsTypeGlobal,
+                value1 = false, value2 = true,
+                getter = { getWifiAlwaysRequested(context, true /* def */) },
+                setter = { setWifiAlwaysRequested(context, it) },
+                testIntValues = intArrayOf(0))
+    }
+
+    @ConnectivityModuleTest // get/setIngressRateLimitInBytesPerSecond was added via module update
+    @Test
+    fun testInternetNetworkRateLimitInBytesPerSecond() {
+        val defaultRate = getIngressRateLimitInBytesPerSecond(context)
+        val testRate = 1000L
+        setIngressRateLimitInBytesPerSecond(context, testRate)
+        assertEquals(testRate, getIngressRateLimitInBytesPerSecond(context))
+
+        setIngressRateLimitInBytesPerSecond(context, defaultRate)
+        assertEquals(defaultRate, getIngressRateLimitInBytesPerSecond(context))
+
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException>("Expected failure, but setting accepted") {
+            setIngressRateLimitInBytesPerSecond(context, -10)
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/DependenciesTest.java b/tests/common/java/android/net/DependenciesTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac1c28a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/DependenciesTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+/**
+ * A simple class that tests dependencies to java standard tools from the
+ * Network stack. These tests are not meant to be comprehensive tests of
+ * the relevant APIs : such tests belong in the relevant test suite for
+ * these dependencies. Instead, this just makes sure coverage is present
+ * by calling the methods in the exact way (or a representative way of how)
+ * they are called in the network stack.
+ */
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public class DependenciesTest {
+    // Used to in ipmemorystore's RegularMaintenanceJobService to convert
+    // 24 hours into seconds
+    @Test
+    public void testTimeUnit() {
+        final int hours = 24;
+        final long inSeconds = TimeUnit.HOURS.toMillis(hours);
+        assertEquals(inSeconds, hours * 60 * 60 * 1000);
+    }
+
+    private byte[] makeTrivialArray(final int size) {
+        final byte[] src = new byte[size];
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
+            src[i] = (byte) i;
+        }
+        return src;
+    }
+
+    // Used in ApfFilter to find an IP address from a byte array
+    @Test
+    public void testArrays() {
+        final int size = 128;
+        final byte[] src = makeTrivialArray(size);
+
+        // Test copy
+        final int copySize = 16;
+        final int offset = 24;
+        final byte[] expected = new byte[copySize];
+        for (int i = 0; i < copySize; ++i) {
+            expected[i] = (byte) (offset + i);
+        }
+
+        final byte[] copy = Arrays.copyOfRange(src, offset, offset + copySize);
+        assertArrayEquals(expected, copy);
+        assertArrayEquals(new byte[0], Arrays.copyOfRange(src, size, size));
+    }
+
+    // Used mainly in the Dhcp code
+    @Test
+    public void testCopyOf() {
+        final byte[] src = makeTrivialArray(128);
+        final byte[] copy = Arrays.copyOf(src, src.length);
+        assertArrayEquals(src, copy);
+        assertFalse(src == copy);
+
+        assertArrayEquals(new byte[0], Arrays.copyOf(src, 0));
+
+        final int excess = 16;
+        final byte[] biggerCopy = Arrays.copyOf(src, src.length + excess);
+        for (int i = src.length; i < src.length + excess; ++i) {
+            assertEquals(0, biggerCopy[i]);
+        }
+        for (int i = src.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+            assertEquals(src[i], biggerCopy[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Used mainly in DnsUtils but also various other places
+    @Test
+    public void testAsList() {
+        final int size = 24;
+        final Object[] src = new Object[size];
+        final ArrayList<Object> expected = new ArrayList<>(size);
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
+            final Object o = new Object();
+            src[i] = o;
+            expected.add(o);
+        }
+        assertEquals(expected, Arrays.asList(src));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/DhcpInfoTest.java b/tests/common/java/android/net/DhcpInfoTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b42e183
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/DhcpInfoTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2009 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.Inet4AddressUtils.inet4AddressToIntHTL;
+import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils.parcelingRoundTrip;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+public class DhcpInfoTest {
+    private static final String STR_ADDR1 = "255.255.255.255";
+    private static final String STR_ADDR2 = "127.0.0.1";
+    private static final String STR_ADDR3 = "192.168.1.1";
+    private static final String STR_ADDR4 = "192.168.1.0";
+    private static final int LEASE_TIME = 9999;
+
+    private int ipToInteger(String ipString) throws Exception {
+        return inet4AddressToIntHTL((Inet4Address) InetAddress.getByName(ipString));
+    }
+
+    private DhcpInfo createDhcpInfoObject() throws Exception {
+        final DhcpInfo dhcpInfo = new DhcpInfo();
+        dhcpInfo.ipAddress = ipToInteger(STR_ADDR1);
+        dhcpInfo.gateway = ipToInteger(STR_ADDR2);
+        dhcpInfo.netmask = ipToInteger(STR_ADDR3);
+        dhcpInfo.dns1 = ipToInteger(STR_ADDR4);
+        dhcpInfo.dns2 = ipToInteger(STR_ADDR4);
+        dhcpInfo.serverAddress = ipToInteger(STR_ADDR2);
+        dhcpInfo.leaseDuration = LEASE_TIME;
+        return dhcpInfo;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConstructor() {
+        new DhcpInfo();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testToString() throws Exception {
+        final String expectedDefault = "ipaddr 0.0.0.0 gateway 0.0.0.0 netmask 0.0.0.0 "
+                + "dns1 0.0.0.0 dns2 0.0.0.0 DHCP server 0.0.0.0 lease 0 seconds";
+
+        DhcpInfo dhcpInfo = new DhcpInfo();
+
+        // Test default string.
+        assertEquals(expectedDefault, dhcpInfo.toString());
+
+        dhcpInfo = createDhcpInfoObject();
+
+        final String expected = "ipaddr " + STR_ADDR1 + " gateway " + STR_ADDR2 + " netmask "
+                + STR_ADDR3 + " dns1 " + STR_ADDR4 + " dns2 " + STR_ADDR4 + " DHCP server "
+                + STR_ADDR2 + " lease " + LEASE_TIME + " seconds";
+        // Test with new values
+        assertEquals(expected, dhcpInfo.toString());
+    }
+
+    private boolean dhcpInfoEquals(@Nullable DhcpInfo left, @Nullable DhcpInfo right) {
+        if (left == null && right == null) return true;
+
+        if (left == null || right == null) return false;
+
+        return left.ipAddress == right.ipAddress
+                && left.gateway == right.gateway
+                && left.netmask == right.netmask
+                && left.dns1 == right.dns1
+                && left.dns2 == right.dns2
+                && left.serverAddress == right.serverAddress
+                && left.leaseDuration == right.leaseDuration;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParcelDhcpInfo() throws Exception {
+        // Cannot use assertParcelSane() here because this requires .equals() to work as
+        // defined, but DhcpInfo has a different legacy behavior that we cannot change.
+        final DhcpInfo dhcpInfo = createDhcpInfoObject();
+
+        final DhcpInfo dhcpInfoRoundTrip = parcelingRoundTrip(dhcpInfo);
+        assertTrue(dhcpInfoEquals(null, null));
+        assertFalse(dhcpInfoEquals(null, dhcpInfoRoundTrip));
+        assertFalse(dhcpInfoEquals(dhcpInfo, null));
+        assertTrue(dhcpInfoEquals(dhcpInfo, dhcpInfoRoundTrip));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/InvalidPacketExceptionTest.kt b/tests/common/java/android/net/InvalidPacketExceptionTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..320ac27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/InvalidPacketExceptionTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net
+
+import android.os.Build
+import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4
+import androidx.test.filters.SdkSuppress
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import kotlin.test.Test
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+@SdkSuppress(minSdkVersion = Build.VERSION_CODES.S, codeName = "S")
+class InvalidPacketExceptionTest {
+    @Test
+    fun testConstructor() {
+        assertEquals(123, InvalidPacketException(123).error)
+        assertEquals(0, InvalidPacketException(0).error)
+        assertEquals(-123, InvalidPacketException(-123).error)
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/IpPrefixTest.java b/tests/common/java/android/net/IpPrefixTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fef6416
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/IpPrefixTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,377 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertEqualBothWays;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertNotEqualEitherWay;
+import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils.assertParcelingIsLossless;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.Random;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+@ConnectivityModuleTest
+public class IpPrefixTest {
+
+    private static InetAddress address(String addr) {
+        return InetAddress.parseNumericAddress(addr);
+    }
+
+    // Explicitly cast everything to byte because "error: possible loss of precision".
+    private static final byte[] IPV4_BYTES = { (byte) 192, (byte) 0, (byte) 2, (byte) 4};
+    private static final byte[] IPV6_BYTES = {
+        (byte) 0x20, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x0d, (byte) 0xb8,
+        (byte) 0xde, (byte) 0xad, (byte) 0xbe, (byte) 0xef,
+        (byte) 0x0f, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00,
+        (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0xa0
+    };
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConstructor() {
+        IpPrefix p;
+        try {
+            p = new IpPrefix((byte[]) null, 9);
+            fail("Expected NullPointerException: null byte array");
+        } catch (RuntimeException expected) { }
+
+        try {
+            p = new IpPrefix((InetAddress) null, 10);
+            fail("Expected NullPointerException: null InetAddress");
+        } catch (RuntimeException expected) { }
+
+        try {
+            p = new IpPrefix((String) null);
+            fail("Expected NullPointerException: null String");
+        } catch (RuntimeException expected) { }
+
+
+        try {
+            byte[] b2 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+            p = new IpPrefix(b2, 29);
+            fail("Expected IllegalArgumentException: invalid array length");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) { }
+
+        try {
+            p = new IpPrefix("1.2.3.4");
+            fail("Expected IllegalArgumentException: no prefix length");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) { }
+
+        try {
+            p = new IpPrefix("1.2.3.4/");
+            fail("Expected IllegalArgumentException: empty prefix length");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) { }
+
+        try {
+            p = new IpPrefix("foo/32");
+            fail("Expected IllegalArgumentException: invalid address");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) { }
+
+        try {
+            p = new IpPrefix("1/32");
+            fail("Expected IllegalArgumentException: deprecated IPv4 format");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) { }
+
+        try {
+            p = new IpPrefix("1.2.3.256/32");
+            fail("Expected IllegalArgumentException: invalid IPv4 address");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) { }
+
+        try {
+            p = new IpPrefix("foo/32");
+            fail("Expected IllegalArgumentException: non-address");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) { }
+
+        try {
+            p = new IpPrefix("f00:::/32");
+            fail("Expected IllegalArgumentException: invalid IPv6 address");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) { }
+
+        p = new IpPrefix("/64");
+        assertEquals("::/64", p.toString());
+
+        p = new IpPrefix("/128");
+        assertEquals("::1/128", p.toString());
+
+        p = new IpPrefix("[2001:db8::123]/64");
+        assertEquals("2001:db8::/64", p.toString());
+
+        p = new IpPrefix(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("::128"), 64);
+        assertEquals("::/64", p.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTruncation() {
+        IpPrefix p;
+
+        p = new IpPrefix(IPV4_BYTES, 32);
+        assertEquals("192.0.2.4/32", p.toString());
+
+        p = new IpPrefix(IPV4_BYTES, 29);
+        assertEquals("192.0.2.0/29", p.toString());
+
+        p = new IpPrefix(IPV4_BYTES, 8);
+        assertEquals("192.0.0.0/8", p.toString());
+
+        p = new IpPrefix(IPV4_BYTES, 0);
+        assertEquals("0.0.0.0/0", p.toString());
+
+        try {
+            p = new IpPrefix(IPV4_BYTES, 33);
+            fail("Expected IllegalArgumentException: invalid prefix length");
+        } catch (RuntimeException expected) { }
+
+        try {
+            p = new IpPrefix(IPV4_BYTES, 128);
+            fail("Expected IllegalArgumentException: invalid prefix length");
+        } catch (RuntimeException expected) { }
+
+        try {
+            p = new IpPrefix(IPV4_BYTES, -1);
+            fail("Expected IllegalArgumentException: negative prefix length");
+        } catch (RuntimeException expected) { }
+
+        p = new IpPrefix(IPV6_BYTES, 128);
+        assertEquals("2001:db8:dead:beef:f00::a0/128", p.toString());
+
+        p = new IpPrefix(IPV6_BYTES, 122);
+        assertEquals("2001:db8:dead:beef:f00::80/122", p.toString());
+
+        p = new IpPrefix(IPV6_BYTES, 64);
+        assertEquals("2001:db8:dead:beef::/64", p.toString());
+
+        p = new IpPrefix(IPV6_BYTES, 3);
+        assertEquals("2000::/3", p.toString());
+
+        p = new IpPrefix(IPV6_BYTES, 0);
+        assertEquals("::/0", p.toString());
+
+        try {
+            p = new IpPrefix(IPV6_BYTES, -1);
+            fail("Expected IllegalArgumentException: negative prefix length");
+        } catch (RuntimeException expected) { }
+
+        try {
+            p = new IpPrefix(IPV6_BYTES, 129);
+            fail("Expected IllegalArgumentException: negative prefix length");
+        } catch (RuntimeException expected) { }
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEquals() {
+        IpPrefix p1, p2;
+
+        p1 = new IpPrefix("192.0.2.251/23");
+        p2 = new IpPrefix(new byte[]{(byte) 192, (byte) 0, (byte) 2, (byte) 251}, 23);
+        assertEqualBothWays(p1, p2);
+
+        p1 = new IpPrefix("192.0.2.5/23");
+        assertEqualBothWays(p1, p2);
+
+        p1 = new IpPrefix("192.0.2.5/24");
+        assertNotEqualEitherWay(p1, p2);
+
+        p1 = new IpPrefix("192.0.4.5/23");
+        assertNotEqualEitherWay(p1, p2);
+
+
+        p1 = new IpPrefix("2001:db8:dead:beef:f00::80/122");
+        p2 = new IpPrefix(IPV6_BYTES, 122);
+        assertEquals("2001:db8:dead:beef:f00::80/122", p2.toString());
+        assertEqualBothWays(p1, p2);
+
+        p1 = new IpPrefix("2001:db8:dead:beef:f00::bf/122");
+        assertEqualBothWays(p1, p2);
+
+        p1 = new IpPrefix("2001:db8:dead:beef:f00::8:0/123");
+        assertNotEqualEitherWay(p1, p2);
+
+        p1 = new IpPrefix("2001:db8:dead:beef::/122");
+        assertNotEqualEitherWay(p1, p2);
+
+        // 192.0.2.4/32 != c000:0204::/32.
+        byte[] ipv6bytes = new byte[16];
+        System.arraycopy(IPV4_BYTES, 0, ipv6bytes, 0, IPV4_BYTES.length);
+        p1 = new IpPrefix(ipv6bytes, 32);
+        assertEqualBothWays(p1, new IpPrefix("c000:0204::/32"));
+
+        p2 = new IpPrefix(IPV4_BYTES, 32);
+        assertNotEqualEitherWay(p1, p2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testContainsInetAddress() {
+        IpPrefix p = new IpPrefix("2001:db8:f00::ace:d00d/127");
+        assertTrue(p.contains(address("2001:db8:f00::ace:d00c")));
+        assertTrue(p.contains(address("2001:db8:f00::ace:d00d")));
+        assertFalse(p.contains(address("2001:db8:f00::ace:d00e")));
+        assertFalse(p.contains(address("2001:db8:f00::bad:d00d")));
+        assertFalse(p.contains(address("2001:4868:4860::8888")));
+        assertFalse(p.contains(address("8.8.8.8")));
+
+        p = new IpPrefix("192.0.2.0/23");
+        assertTrue(p.contains(address("192.0.2.43")));
+        assertTrue(p.contains(address("192.0.3.21")));
+        assertFalse(p.contains(address("192.0.0.21")));
+        assertFalse(p.contains(address("8.8.8.8")));
+        assertFalse(p.contains(address("2001:4868:4860::8888")));
+
+        IpPrefix ipv6Default = new IpPrefix("::/0");
+        assertTrue(ipv6Default.contains(address("2001:db8::f00")));
+        assertFalse(ipv6Default.contains(address("192.0.2.1")));
+
+        IpPrefix ipv4Default = new IpPrefix("0.0.0.0/0");
+        assertTrue(ipv4Default.contains(address("255.255.255.255")));
+        assertTrue(ipv4Default.contains(address("192.0.2.1")));
+        assertFalse(ipv4Default.contains(address("2001:db8::f00")));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testContainsIpPrefix() {
+        assertTrue(new IpPrefix("0.0.0.0/0").containsPrefix(new IpPrefix("0.0.0.0/0")));
+        assertTrue(new IpPrefix("0.0.0.0/0").containsPrefix(new IpPrefix("1.2.3.4/0")));
+        assertTrue(new IpPrefix("0.0.0.0/0").containsPrefix(new IpPrefix("1.2.3.4/8")));
+        assertTrue(new IpPrefix("0.0.0.0/0").containsPrefix(new IpPrefix("1.2.3.4/24")));
+        assertTrue(new IpPrefix("0.0.0.0/0").containsPrefix(new IpPrefix("1.2.3.4/23")));
+
+        assertTrue(new IpPrefix("1.2.3.4/8").containsPrefix(new IpPrefix("1.2.3.4/8")));
+        assertTrue(new IpPrefix("1.2.3.4/8").containsPrefix(new IpPrefix("1.254.12.9/8")));
+        assertTrue(new IpPrefix("1.2.3.4/21").containsPrefix(new IpPrefix("1.2.3.4/21")));
+        assertTrue(new IpPrefix("1.2.3.4/32").containsPrefix(new IpPrefix("1.2.3.4/32")));
+
+        assertTrue(new IpPrefix("1.2.3.4/20").containsPrefix(new IpPrefix("1.2.3.0/24")));
+
+        assertFalse(new IpPrefix("1.2.3.4/32").containsPrefix(new IpPrefix("1.2.3.5/32")));
+        assertFalse(new IpPrefix("1.2.3.4/8").containsPrefix(new IpPrefix("2.2.3.4/8")));
+        assertFalse(new IpPrefix("0.0.0.0/16").containsPrefix(new IpPrefix("0.0.0.0/15")));
+        assertFalse(new IpPrefix("100.0.0.0/8").containsPrefix(new IpPrefix("99.0.0.0/8")));
+
+        assertTrue(new IpPrefix("::/0").containsPrefix(new IpPrefix("::/0")));
+        assertTrue(new IpPrefix("::/0").containsPrefix(new IpPrefix("2001:db8::f00/1")));
+        assertTrue(new IpPrefix("::/0").containsPrefix(new IpPrefix("3d8a:661:a0::770/8")));
+        assertTrue(new IpPrefix("::/0").containsPrefix(new IpPrefix("2001:db8::f00/8")));
+        assertTrue(new IpPrefix("::/0").containsPrefix(new IpPrefix("2001:db8::f00/64")));
+        assertTrue(new IpPrefix("::/0").containsPrefix(new IpPrefix("2001:db8::f00/113")));
+        assertTrue(new IpPrefix("::/0").containsPrefix(new IpPrefix("2001:db8::f00/128")));
+
+        assertTrue(new IpPrefix("2001:db8:f00::ace:d00d/64").containsPrefix(
+                new IpPrefix("2001:db8:f00::ace:d00d/64")));
+        assertTrue(new IpPrefix("2001:db8:f00::ace:d00d/64").containsPrefix(
+                new IpPrefix("2001:db8:f00::ace:d00d/120")));
+        assertFalse(new IpPrefix("2001:db8:f00::ace:d00d/64").containsPrefix(
+                new IpPrefix("2001:db8:f00::ace:d00d/32")));
+        assertFalse(new IpPrefix("2001:db8:f00::ace:d00d/64").containsPrefix(
+                new IpPrefix("2006:db8:f00::ace:d00d/96")));
+
+        assertTrue(new IpPrefix("2001:db8:f00::ace:d00d/128").containsPrefix(
+                new IpPrefix("2001:db8:f00::ace:d00d/128")));
+        assertTrue(new IpPrefix("2001:db8:f00::ace:d00d/100").containsPrefix(
+                new IpPrefix("2001:db8:f00::ace:ccaf/110")));
+
+        assertFalse(new IpPrefix("2001:db8:f00::ace:d00d/128").containsPrefix(
+                new IpPrefix("2001:db8:f00::ace:d00e/128")));
+        assertFalse(new IpPrefix("::/30").containsPrefix(new IpPrefix("::/29")));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHashCode() {
+        IpPrefix p = new IpPrefix(new byte[4], 0);
+        Random random = new Random();
+        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+            final IpPrefix oldP = p;
+            if (random.nextBoolean()) {
+                // IPv4.
+                byte[] b = new byte[4];
+                random.nextBytes(b);
+                p = new IpPrefix(b, random.nextInt(33));
+            } else {
+                // IPv6.
+                byte[] b = new byte[16];
+                random.nextBytes(b);
+                p = new IpPrefix(b, random.nextInt(129));
+            }
+            if (p.equals(oldP)) {
+                assertEquals(p.hashCode(), oldP.hashCode());
+            }
+            if (p.hashCode() != oldP.hashCode()) {
+                assertNotEquals(p, oldP);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHashCodeIsNotConstant() {
+        IpPrefix[] prefixes = {
+            new IpPrefix("2001:db8:f00::ace:d00d/127"),
+            new IpPrefix("192.0.2.0/23"),
+            new IpPrefix("::/0"),
+            new IpPrefix("0.0.0.0/0"),
+        };
+        for (int i = 0; i < prefixes.length; i++) {
+            for (int j = i + 1; j < prefixes.length; j++) {
+                assertNotEquals(prefixes[i].hashCode(), prefixes[j].hashCode());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMappedAddressesAreBroken() {
+        // 192.0.2.0/24 != ::ffff:c000:0204/120, but because we use InetAddress,
+        // we are unable to comprehend that.
+        byte[] ipv6bytes = {
+            (byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 0,
+            (byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 0,
+            (byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
+            (byte) 192, (byte) 0, (byte) 2, (byte) 0};
+        IpPrefix p = new IpPrefix(ipv6bytes, 120);
+        assertEquals(16, p.getRawAddress().length);       // Fine.
+        assertArrayEquals(ipv6bytes, p.getRawAddress());  // Fine.
+
+        // Broken.
+        assertEquals("192.0.2.0/120", p.toString());
+        assertEquals(InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.0"), p.getAddress());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParceling() {
+        IpPrefix p;
+
+        p = new IpPrefix("2001:4860:db8::/64");
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(p);
+        assertTrue(p.isIPv6());
+
+        p = new IpPrefix("192.0.2.0/25");
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(p);
+        assertTrue(p.isIPv4());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/KeepalivePacketDataTest.kt b/tests/common/java/android/net/KeepalivePacketDataTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f464ec6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/KeepalivePacketDataTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net
+
+import android.net.InvalidPacketException.ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS
+import android.net.InvalidPacketException.ERROR_INVALID_PORT
+import android.os.Build
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
+import java.net.InetAddress
+import java.util.Arrays
+import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
+import org.junit.Assert.assertTrue
+import org.junit.Assert.fail
+import org.junit.Rule
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+@SmallTest
+class KeepalivePacketDataTest {
+    @Rule @JvmField
+    val ignoreRule: DevSdkIgnoreRule = DevSdkIgnoreRule()
+
+    private val INVALID_PORT = 65537
+    private val TEST_DST_PORT = 4244
+    private val TEST_SRC_PORT = 4243
+
+    private val TESTBYTES = byteArrayOf(12, 31, 22, 44)
+    private val TEST_SRC_ADDRV4 = "198.168.0.2".address()
+    private val TEST_DST_ADDRV4 = "198.168.0.1".address()
+    private val TEST_ADDRV6 = "2001:db8::1".address()
+
+    private fun String.address() = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(this)
+
+    // Add for test because constructor of KeepalivePacketData is protected.
+    private inner class TestKeepalivePacketData(
+        srcAddress: InetAddress? = TEST_SRC_ADDRV4,
+        srcPort: Int = TEST_SRC_PORT,
+        dstAddress: InetAddress? = TEST_DST_ADDRV4,
+        dstPort: Int = TEST_DST_PORT,
+        data: ByteArray = TESTBYTES
+    ) : KeepalivePacketData(srcAddress, srcPort, dstAddress, dstPort, data)
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    fun testConstructor() {
+        var data: TestKeepalivePacketData
+
+        try {
+            data = TestKeepalivePacketData(srcAddress = null)
+            fail("Null src address should cause exception")
+        } catch (e: InvalidPacketException) {
+            assertEquals(e.error, ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS)
+        }
+
+        try {
+            data = TestKeepalivePacketData(dstAddress = null)
+            fail("Null dst address should cause exception")
+        } catch (e: InvalidPacketException) {
+            assertEquals(e.error, ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS)
+        }
+
+        try {
+            data = TestKeepalivePacketData(dstAddress = TEST_ADDRV6)
+            fail("Ip family mismatched should cause exception")
+        } catch (e: InvalidPacketException) {
+            assertEquals(e.error, ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS)
+        }
+
+        try {
+            data = TestKeepalivePacketData(srcPort = INVALID_PORT)
+            fail("Invalid srcPort should cause exception")
+        } catch (e: InvalidPacketException) {
+            assertEquals(e.error, ERROR_INVALID_PORT)
+        }
+
+        try {
+            data = TestKeepalivePacketData(dstPort = INVALID_PORT)
+            fail("Invalid dstPort should cause exception")
+        } catch (e: InvalidPacketException) {
+            assertEquals(e.error, ERROR_INVALID_PORT)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    fun testSrcAddress() = assertEquals(TEST_SRC_ADDRV4, TestKeepalivePacketData().srcAddress)
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    fun testDstAddress() = assertEquals(TEST_DST_ADDRV4, TestKeepalivePacketData().dstAddress)
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    fun testSrcPort() = assertEquals(TEST_SRC_PORT, TestKeepalivePacketData().srcPort)
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    fun testDstPort() = assertEquals(TEST_DST_PORT, TestKeepalivePacketData().dstPort)
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    fun testPacket() = assertTrue(Arrays.equals(TESTBYTES, TestKeepalivePacketData().packet))
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/LinkAddressTest.java b/tests/common/java/android/net/LinkAddressTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b04fee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/LinkAddressTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,507 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2013 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IFA_F_DADFAILED;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IFA_F_DEPRECATED;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IFA_F_OPTIMISTIC;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IFA_F_PERMANENT;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IFA_F_TEMPORARY;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IFA_F_TENTATIVE;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.RT_SCOPE_HOST;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.RT_SCOPE_LINK;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.RT_SCOPE_SITE;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE;
+
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertEqualBothWays;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertNotEqualEitherWay;
+import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils.assertParcelingIsLossless;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.InterfaceAddress;
+import java.net.NetworkInterface;
+import java.net.SocketException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+@ConnectivityModuleTest
+public class LinkAddressTest {
+    @Rule
+    public final DevSdkIgnoreRule ignoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
+
+    private static final String V4 = "192.0.2.1";
+    private static final String V6 = "2001:db8::1";
+    private static final InetAddress V4_ADDRESS = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(V4);
+    private static final InetAddress V6_ADDRESS = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(V6);
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConstants() {
+        // RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE = 0, but all the other constants should be nonzero.
+        assertNotEquals(0, RT_SCOPE_HOST);
+        assertNotEquals(0, RT_SCOPE_LINK);
+        assertNotEquals(0, RT_SCOPE_SITE);
+
+        assertNotEquals(0, IFA_F_DEPRECATED);
+        assertNotEquals(0, IFA_F_PERMANENT);
+        assertNotEquals(0, IFA_F_TENTATIVE);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConstructors() throws SocketException {
+        LinkAddress address;
+
+        // Valid addresses work as expected.
+        address = new LinkAddress(V4_ADDRESS, 25);
+        assertEquals(V4_ADDRESS, address.getAddress());
+        assertEquals(25, address.getPrefixLength());
+        assertEquals(0, address.getFlags());
+        assertEquals(RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE, address.getScope());
+        assertTrue(address.isIpv4());
+
+        address = new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 127);
+        assertEquals(V6_ADDRESS, address.getAddress());
+        assertEquals(127, address.getPrefixLength());
+        assertEquals(0, address.getFlags());
+        assertEquals(RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE, address.getScope());
+        assertTrue(address.isIpv6());
+
+        // Nonsensical flags/scopes or combinations thereof are acceptable.
+        address = new LinkAddress(V6 + "/64", IFA_F_DEPRECATED | IFA_F_PERMANENT, RT_SCOPE_LINK);
+        assertEquals(V6_ADDRESS, address.getAddress());
+        assertEquals(64, address.getPrefixLength());
+        assertEquals(IFA_F_DEPRECATED | IFA_F_PERMANENT, address.getFlags());
+        assertEquals(RT_SCOPE_LINK, address.getScope());
+        assertTrue(address.isIpv6());
+
+        address = new LinkAddress(V4 + "/23", 123, 456);
+        assertEquals(V4_ADDRESS, address.getAddress());
+        assertEquals(23, address.getPrefixLength());
+        assertEquals(123, address.getFlags());
+        assertEquals(456, address.getScope());
+        assertTrue(address.isIpv4());
+
+        address = new LinkAddress("/64", 1 /* flags */, 2 /* scope */);
+        assertEquals(Inet6Address.LOOPBACK, address.getAddress());
+        assertEquals(64, address.getPrefixLength());
+        assertEquals(1, address.getFlags());
+        assertEquals(2, address.getScope());
+        assertTrue(address.isIpv6());
+
+        address = new LinkAddress("[2001:db8::123]/64", 3 /* flags */, 4 /* scope */);
+        assertEquals(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::123"), address.getAddress());
+        assertEquals(64, address.getPrefixLength());
+        assertEquals(3, address.getFlags());
+        assertEquals(4, address.getScope());
+        assertTrue(address.isIpv6());
+
+        // InterfaceAddress doesn't have a constructor. Fetch some from an interface.
+        List<InterfaceAddress> addrs = NetworkInterface.getByName("lo").getInterfaceAddresses();
+
+        // We expect to find 127.0.0.1/8 and ::1/128, in any order.
+        LinkAddress ipv4Loopback, ipv6Loopback;
+        assertEquals(2, addrs.size());
+        if (addrs.get(0).getAddress() instanceof Inet4Address) {
+            ipv4Loopback = new LinkAddress(addrs.get(0));
+            ipv6Loopback = new LinkAddress(addrs.get(1));
+        } else {
+            ipv4Loopback = new LinkAddress(addrs.get(1));
+            ipv6Loopback = new LinkAddress(addrs.get(0));
+        }
+
+        assertEquals(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("127.0.0.1"), ipv4Loopback.getAddress());
+        assertEquals(8, ipv4Loopback.getPrefixLength());
+
+        assertEquals(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("::1"), ipv6Loopback.getAddress());
+        assertEquals(128, ipv6Loopback.getPrefixLength());
+
+        // Null addresses are rejected.
+        try {
+            address = new LinkAddress(null, 24);
+            fail("Null InetAddress should cause IllegalArgumentException");
+        } catch(IllegalArgumentException expected) {}
+
+        try {
+            address = new LinkAddress((String) null, IFA_F_PERMANENT, RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE);
+            fail("Null string should cause IllegalArgumentException");
+        } catch(IllegalArgumentException expected) {}
+
+        try {
+            address = new LinkAddress((InterfaceAddress) null);
+            fail("Null string should cause NullPointerException");
+        } catch(NullPointerException expected) {}
+
+        // Invalid prefix lengths are rejected.
+        try {
+            address = new LinkAddress(V4_ADDRESS, -1);
+            fail("Negative IPv4 prefix length should cause IllegalArgumentException");
+        } catch(IllegalArgumentException expected) {}
+
+        try {
+            address = new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, -1);
+            fail("Negative IPv6 prefix length should cause IllegalArgumentException");
+        } catch(IllegalArgumentException expected) {}
+
+        try {
+            address = new LinkAddress(V4_ADDRESS, 33);
+            fail("/33 IPv4 prefix length should cause IllegalArgumentException");
+        } catch(IllegalArgumentException expected) {}
+
+        try {
+            address = new LinkAddress(V4 + "/33", IFA_F_PERMANENT, RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE);
+            fail("/33 IPv4 prefix length should cause IllegalArgumentException");
+        } catch(IllegalArgumentException expected) {}
+
+
+        try {
+            address = new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 129, IFA_F_PERMANENT, RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE);
+            fail("/129 IPv6 prefix length should cause IllegalArgumentException");
+        } catch(IllegalArgumentException expected) {}
+
+        try {
+            address = new LinkAddress(V6 + "/129", IFA_F_PERMANENT, RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE);
+            fail("/129 IPv6 prefix length should cause IllegalArgumentException");
+        } catch(IllegalArgumentException expected) {}
+
+        // Multicast addresses are rejected.
+        try {
+            address = new LinkAddress("224.0.0.2/32");
+            fail("IPv4 multicast address should cause IllegalArgumentException");
+        } catch(IllegalArgumentException expected) {}
+
+        try {
+            address = new LinkAddress("ff02::1/128");
+            fail("IPv6 multicast address should cause IllegalArgumentException");
+        } catch(IllegalArgumentException expected) {}
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAddressScopes() {
+        assertEquals(RT_SCOPE_HOST, new LinkAddress("::/128").getScope());
+        assertEquals(RT_SCOPE_HOST, new LinkAddress("0.0.0.0/32").getScope());
+
+        assertEquals(RT_SCOPE_LINK, new LinkAddress("::1/128").getScope());
+        assertEquals(RT_SCOPE_LINK, new LinkAddress("127.0.0.5/8").getScope());
+        assertEquals(RT_SCOPE_LINK, new LinkAddress("fe80::ace:d00d/64").getScope());
+        assertEquals(RT_SCOPE_LINK, new LinkAddress("169.254.5.12/16").getScope());
+
+        assertEquals(RT_SCOPE_SITE, new LinkAddress("fec0::dead/64").getScope());
+
+        assertEquals(RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE, new LinkAddress("10.1.2.3/21").getScope());
+        assertEquals(RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE, new LinkAddress("192.0.2.1/25").getScope());
+        assertEquals(RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE, new LinkAddress("2001:db8::/64").getScope());
+        assertEquals(RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE, new LinkAddress("5000::/127").getScope());
+    }
+
+    private void assertIsSameAddressAs(LinkAddress l1, LinkAddress l2) {
+        assertTrue(l1 + " unexpectedly does not have same address as " + l2,
+                l1.isSameAddressAs(l2));
+        assertTrue(l2 + " unexpectedly does not have same address as " + l1,
+                l2.isSameAddressAs(l1));
+    }
+
+    private void assertIsNotSameAddressAs(LinkAddress l1, LinkAddress l2) {
+        assertFalse(l1 + " unexpectedly has same address as " + l2,
+                l1.isSameAddressAs(l2));
+        assertFalse(l2 + " unexpectedly has same address as " + l1,
+                l1.isSameAddressAs(l2));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEqualsAndSameAddressAs() {
+        LinkAddress l1, l2, l3;
+
+        l1 = new LinkAddress("2001:db8::1/64");
+        l2 = new LinkAddress("2001:db8::1/64");
+        assertEqualBothWays(l1, l2);
+        assertIsSameAddressAs(l1, l2);
+
+        l2 = new LinkAddress("2001:db8::1/65");
+        assertNotEqualEitherWay(l1, l2);
+        assertIsNotSameAddressAs(l1, l2);
+
+        l2 = new LinkAddress("2001:db8::2/64");
+        assertNotEqualEitherWay(l1, l2);
+        assertIsNotSameAddressAs(l1, l2);
+
+
+        l1 = new LinkAddress("192.0.2.1/24");
+        l2 = new LinkAddress("192.0.2.1/24");
+        assertEqualBothWays(l1, l2);
+        assertIsSameAddressAs(l1, l2);
+
+        l2 = new LinkAddress("192.0.2.1/23");
+        assertNotEqualEitherWay(l1, l2);
+        assertIsNotSameAddressAs(l1, l2);
+
+        l2 = new LinkAddress("192.0.2.2/24");
+        assertNotEqualEitherWay(l1, l2);
+        assertIsNotSameAddressAs(l1, l2);
+
+
+        // Check equals() and isSameAddressAs() on identical addresses with different flags.
+        l1 = new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 64);
+        l2 = new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 64, 0, RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE);
+        assertEqualBothWays(l1, l2);
+        assertIsSameAddressAs(l1, l2);
+
+        l2 = new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 64, IFA_F_DEPRECATED, RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE);
+        assertNotEqualEitherWay(l1, l2);
+        assertIsSameAddressAs(l1, l2);
+
+        // Check equals() and isSameAddressAs() on identical addresses with different scope.
+        l1 = new LinkAddress(V4_ADDRESS, 24);
+        l2 = new LinkAddress(V4_ADDRESS, 24, 0, RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE);
+        assertEqualBothWays(l1, l2);
+        assertIsSameAddressAs(l1, l2);
+
+        l2 = new LinkAddress(V4_ADDRESS, 24, 0, RT_SCOPE_HOST);
+        assertNotEqualEitherWay(l1, l2);
+        assertIsSameAddressAs(l1, l2);
+
+        // Addresses with the same start or end bytes aren't equal between families.
+        l1 = new LinkAddress("32.1.13.184/24");
+        l2 = new LinkAddress("2001:db8::1/24");
+        l3 = new LinkAddress("::2001:db8/24");
+
+        byte[] ipv4Bytes = l1.getAddress().getAddress();
+        byte[] l2FirstIPv6Bytes = Arrays.copyOf(l2.getAddress().getAddress(), 4);
+        byte[] l3LastIPv6Bytes = Arrays.copyOfRange(l3.getAddress().getAddress(), 12, 16);
+        assertTrue(Arrays.equals(ipv4Bytes, l2FirstIPv6Bytes));
+        assertTrue(Arrays.equals(ipv4Bytes, l3LastIPv6Bytes));
+
+        assertNotEqualEitherWay(l1, l2);
+        assertIsNotSameAddressAs(l1, l2);
+
+        assertNotEqualEitherWay(l1, l3);
+        assertIsNotSameAddressAs(l1, l3);
+
+        // Because we use InetAddress, an IPv4 address is equal to its IPv4-mapped address.
+        // TODO: Investigate fixing this.
+        String addressString = V4 + "/24";
+        l1 = new LinkAddress(addressString);
+        l2 = new LinkAddress("::ffff:" + addressString);
+        assertEqualBothWays(l1, l2);
+        assertIsSameAddressAs(l1, l2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHashCode() {
+        LinkAddress l1, l2;
+
+        l1 = new LinkAddress(V4_ADDRESS, 23);
+        l2 = new LinkAddress(V4_ADDRESS, 23, 0, RT_SCOPE_HOST);
+        assertNotEquals(l1.hashCode(), l2.hashCode());
+
+        l1 = new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 128);
+        l2 = new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 128, IFA_F_TENTATIVE, RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE);
+        assertNotEquals(l1.hashCode(), l2.hashCode());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParceling() {
+        LinkAddress l;
+
+        l = new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 64, 123, 456);
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(l);
+
+        l = new LinkAddress(V4 + "/28", IFA_F_PERMANENT, RT_SCOPE_LINK);
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(l);
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testLifetimeParceling() {
+        final LinkAddress l = new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 64, 123, 456, 1L, 3600000L);
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(l);
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testDeprecationTime() {
+        try {
+            new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 64, 0, 456,
+                    LinkAddress.LIFETIME_UNKNOWN, 100000L);
+            fail("Only one time provided should cause exception");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) { }
+
+        try {
+            new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 64, 0, 456,
+                    200000L, 100000L);
+            fail("deprecation time later than expiration time should cause exception");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) { }
+
+        try {
+            new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 64, 0, 456,
+                    -2, 100000L);
+            fail("negative deprecation time should cause exception");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) { }
+
+        LinkAddress addr = new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 64, 0, 456, 100000L, 200000L);
+        assertEquals(100000L, addr.getDeprecationTime());
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testExpirationTime() {
+        try {
+            new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 64, 0, 456,
+                    200000L, LinkAddress.LIFETIME_UNKNOWN);
+            fail("Only one time provided should cause exception");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) { }
+
+        try {
+            new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 64, 0, 456,
+                    100000L, -2);
+            fail("negative expiration time should cause exception");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) { }
+
+        LinkAddress addr = new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 64, 0, 456, 100000L, 200000L);
+        assertEquals(200000L, addr.getExpirationTime());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetFlags() {
+        LinkAddress l = new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 64, 123, RT_SCOPE_HOST);
+        assertEquals(123, l.getFlags());
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testGetFlags_Deprecation() {
+        // Test if deprecated bit was added/remove automatically based on the provided deprecation
+        // time
+        LinkAddress l = new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 64, 0, RT_SCOPE_HOST,
+                1L, LinkAddress.LIFETIME_PERMANENT);
+        // Check if the flag is added automatically.
+        assertTrue((l.getFlags() & IFA_F_DEPRECATED) != 0);
+
+        l = new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 64, IFA_F_DEPRECATED, RT_SCOPE_HOST,
+                SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() + 100000L, LinkAddress.LIFETIME_PERMANENT);
+        // Check if the flag is removed automatically.
+        assertTrue((l.getFlags() & IFA_F_DEPRECATED) == 0);
+
+        l = new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 64, IFA_F_DEPRECATED, RT_SCOPE_HOST,
+                LinkAddress.LIFETIME_PERMANENT, LinkAddress.LIFETIME_PERMANENT);
+        // Check if the permanent flag is added.
+        assertTrue((l.getFlags() & IFA_F_PERMANENT) != 0);
+
+        l = new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 64, IFA_F_PERMANENT, RT_SCOPE_HOST,
+                1000L, SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() + 100000L);
+        // Check if the permanent flag is removed
+        assertTrue((l.getFlags() & IFA_F_PERMANENT) == 0);
+    }
+
+    private void assertGlobalPreferred(LinkAddress l, String msg) {
+        assertTrue(msg, l.isGlobalPreferred());
+    }
+
+    private void assertNotGlobalPreferred(LinkAddress l, String msg) {
+        assertFalse(msg, l.isGlobalPreferred());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIsGlobalPreferred() {
+        LinkAddress l;
+
+        l = new LinkAddress(V4_ADDRESS, 32, 0, RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE);
+        assertGlobalPreferred(l, "v4,global,noflags");
+
+        l = new LinkAddress("10.10.1.7/23", 0, RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE);
+        assertGlobalPreferred(l, "v4-rfc1918,global,noflags");
+
+        l = new LinkAddress("10.10.1.7/23", 0, RT_SCOPE_SITE);
+        assertNotGlobalPreferred(l, "v4-rfc1918,site-local,noflags");
+
+        l = new LinkAddress("127.0.0.7/8", 0, RT_SCOPE_HOST);
+        assertNotGlobalPreferred(l, "v4-localhost,node-local,noflags");
+
+        l = new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 64, 0, RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE);
+        assertGlobalPreferred(l, "v6,global,noflags");
+
+        l = new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 64, IFA_F_PERMANENT, RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE);
+        assertGlobalPreferred(l, "v6,global,permanent");
+
+        // IPv6 ULAs are not acceptable "global preferred" addresses.
+        l = new LinkAddress("fc12::1/64", 0, RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE);
+        assertNotGlobalPreferred(l, "v6,ula1,noflags");
+
+        l = new LinkAddress("fd34::1/64", 0, RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE);
+        assertNotGlobalPreferred(l, "v6,ula2,noflags");
+
+        l = new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 64, IFA_F_TEMPORARY, RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE);
+        assertGlobalPreferred(l, "v6,global,tempaddr");
+
+        l = new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 64, (IFA_F_TEMPORARY|IFA_F_DADFAILED),
+                            RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE);
+        assertNotGlobalPreferred(l, "v6,global,tempaddr+dadfailed");
+
+        l = new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 64, (IFA_F_TEMPORARY|IFA_F_DEPRECATED),
+                            RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE);
+        assertNotGlobalPreferred(l, "v6,global,tempaddr+deprecated");
+
+        l = new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 64, IFA_F_TEMPORARY, RT_SCOPE_SITE);
+        assertNotGlobalPreferred(l, "v6,site-local,tempaddr");
+
+        l = new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 64, IFA_F_TEMPORARY, RT_SCOPE_LINK);
+        assertNotGlobalPreferred(l, "v6,link-local,tempaddr");
+
+        l = new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 64, IFA_F_TEMPORARY, RT_SCOPE_HOST);
+        assertNotGlobalPreferred(l, "v6,node-local,tempaddr");
+
+        l = new LinkAddress("::1/128", IFA_F_PERMANENT, RT_SCOPE_HOST);
+        assertNotGlobalPreferred(l, "v6-localhost,node-local,permanent");
+
+        l = new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 64, (IFA_F_TEMPORARY|IFA_F_TENTATIVE),
+                            RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE);
+        assertNotGlobalPreferred(l, "v6,global,tempaddr+tentative");
+
+        l = new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 64,
+                            (IFA_F_TEMPORARY|IFA_F_TENTATIVE|IFA_F_OPTIMISTIC),
+                            RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE);
+        assertGlobalPreferred(l, "v6,global,tempaddr+optimistic");
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testIsGlobalPreferred_DeprecatedInFuture() {
+        final LinkAddress l = new LinkAddress(V6_ADDRESS, 64, IFA_F_DEPRECATED,
+                RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE, SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() + 100000,
+                SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() + 200000);
+        // Although the deprecated bit is set, but the deprecation time is in the future, test
+        // if the flag is removed automatically.
+        assertGlobalPreferred(l, "v6,global,tempaddr+deprecated in the future");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/LinkPropertiesTest.java b/tests/common/java/android/net/LinkPropertiesTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d85a57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/LinkPropertiesTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1271 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.net.RouteInfo.RTN_THROW;
+import static android.net.RouteInfo.RTN_UNICAST;
+import static android.net.RouteInfo.RTN_UNREACHABLE;
+
+import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils.assertParcelingIsLossless;
+import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils.parcelingRoundTrip;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import android.net.LinkProperties.ProvisioningChange;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.system.OsConstants;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
+
+import androidx.core.os.BuildCompat;
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.LinkPropertiesUtils.CompareResult;
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+@ConnectivityModuleTest
+public class LinkPropertiesTest {
+    @Rule
+    public final DevSdkIgnoreRule ignoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
+
+    private static final InetAddress ADDRV4 = address("75.208.6.1");
+    private static final InetAddress ADDRV6 = address("2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334");
+    private static final InetAddress DNS1 = address("75.208.7.1");
+    private static final InetAddress DNS2 = address("69.78.7.1");
+    private static final InetAddress DNS6 = address("2001:4860:4860::8888");
+    private static final InetAddress PRIVDNS1 = address("1.1.1.1");
+    private static final InetAddress PRIVDNS2 = address("1.0.0.1");
+    private static final InetAddress PRIVDNS6 = address("2606:4700:4700::1111");
+    private static final InetAddress PCSCFV4 = address("10.77.25.37");
+    private static final InetAddress PCSCFV6 = address("2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:1");
+    private static final InetAddress GATEWAY1 = address("75.208.8.1");
+    private static final InetAddress GATEWAY2 = address("69.78.8.1");
+    private static final InetAddress GATEWAY61 = address("fe80::6:0000:613");
+    private static final InetAddress GATEWAY62 = address("fe80::6:22%lo");
+    private static final InetAddress TESTIPV4ADDR = address("192.168.47.42");
+    private static final InetAddress TESTIPV6ADDR = address("fe80::7:33%43");
+    private static final Inet4Address DHCPSERVER = (Inet4Address) address("192.0.2.1");
+    private static final String NAME = "qmi0";
+    private static final String DOMAINS = "google.com";
+    private static final String PRIV_DNS_SERVER_NAME = "private.dns.com";
+    private static final String TCP_BUFFER_SIZES = "524288,1048576,2097152,262144,524288,1048576";
+    private static final int MTU = 1500;
+    private static final LinkAddress LINKADDRV4 = new LinkAddress(ADDRV4, 32);
+    private static final LinkAddress LINKADDRV6 = new LinkAddress(ADDRV6, 128);
+    private static final LinkAddress LINKADDRV6LINKLOCAL = new LinkAddress("fe80::1/64");
+    private static final Uri CAPPORT_API_URL = Uri.parse("https://test.example.com/capportapi");
+
+    // CaptivePortalData cannot be in a constant as it does not exist on Q.
+    // The test runner also crashes when scanning for tests if it is a return type.
+    private static Object getCaptivePortalData() {
+        return new CaptivePortalData.Builder()
+                .setVenueInfoUrl(Uri.parse("https://test.example.com/venue")).build();
+    }
+
+    private static InetAddress address(String addrString) {
+        return InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(addrString);
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isAtLeastR() {
+        // BuildCompat.isAtLeastR is documented to return false on release SDKs (including R)
+        return Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > Build.VERSION_CODES.Q || BuildCompat.isAtLeastR();
+    }
+
+    private void checkEmpty(final LinkProperties lp) {
+        assertEquals(0, lp.getAllInterfaceNames().size());
+        assertEquals(0, lp.getAllAddresses().size());
+        assertEquals(0, lp.getDnsServers().size());
+        assertEquals(0, lp.getValidatedPrivateDnsServers().size());
+        assertEquals(0, lp.getPcscfServers().size());
+        assertEquals(0, lp.getAllRoutes().size());
+        assertEquals(0, lp.getAllLinkAddresses().size());
+        assertEquals(0, lp.getStackedLinks().size());
+        assertEquals(0, lp.getMtu());
+        assertNull(lp.getPrivateDnsServerName());
+        assertNull(lp.getDomains());
+        assertNull(lp.getHttpProxy());
+        assertNull(lp.getTcpBufferSizes());
+        assertNull(lp.getNat64Prefix());
+        assertFalse(lp.isProvisioned());
+        assertFalse(lp.isIpv4Provisioned());
+        assertFalse(lp.isIpv6Provisioned());
+        assertFalse(lp.isPrivateDnsActive());
+
+        if (isAtLeastR()) {
+            assertNull(lp.getDhcpServerAddress());
+            assertFalse(lp.isWakeOnLanSupported());
+            assertNull(lp.getCaptivePortalApiUrl());
+            assertNull(lp.getCaptivePortalData());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private LinkProperties makeTestObject() {
+        final LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.setInterfaceName(NAME);
+        lp.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV4);
+        lp.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV6);
+        lp.addDnsServer(DNS1);
+        lp.addDnsServer(DNS2);
+        lp.addValidatedPrivateDnsServer(PRIVDNS1);
+        lp.addValidatedPrivateDnsServer(PRIVDNS2);
+        lp.setUsePrivateDns(true);
+        lp.setPrivateDnsServerName(PRIV_DNS_SERVER_NAME);
+        lp.addPcscfServer(PCSCFV6);
+        lp.setDomains(DOMAINS);
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(GATEWAY1));
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(GATEWAY2));
+        lp.setHttpProxy(ProxyInfo.buildDirectProxy("test", 8888));
+        lp.setMtu(MTU);
+        lp.setTcpBufferSizes(TCP_BUFFER_SIZES);
+        lp.setNat64Prefix(new IpPrefix("2001:db8:0:64::/96"));
+        if (isAtLeastR()) {
+            lp.setDhcpServerAddress(DHCPSERVER);
+            lp.setWakeOnLanSupported(true);
+            lp.setCaptivePortalApiUrl(CAPPORT_API_URL);
+            lp.setCaptivePortalData((CaptivePortalData) getCaptivePortalData());
+        }
+        return lp;
+    }
+
+    public void assertLinkPropertiesEqual(LinkProperties source, LinkProperties target) {
+        // Check implementation of equals(), element by element.
+        assertTrue(source.isIdenticalInterfaceName(target));
+        assertTrue(target.isIdenticalInterfaceName(source));
+
+        assertTrue(source.isIdenticalAddresses(target));
+        assertTrue(target.isIdenticalAddresses(source));
+
+        assertTrue(source.isIdenticalDnses(target));
+        assertTrue(target.isIdenticalDnses(source));
+
+        assertTrue(source.isIdenticalPrivateDns(target));
+        assertTrue(target.isIdenticalPrivateDns(source));
+
+        assertTrue(source.isIdenticalValidatedPrivateDnses(target));
+        assertTrue(target.isIdenticalValidatedPrivateDnses(source));
+
+        assertTrue(source.isIdenticalPcscfs(target));
+        assertTrue(target.isIdenticalPcscfs(source));
+
+        assertTrue(source.isIdenticalRoutes(target));
+        assertTrue(target.isIdenticalRoutes(source));
+
+        assertTrue(source.isIdenticalHttpProxy(target));
+        assertTrue(target.isIdenticalHttpProxy(source));
+
+        assertTrue(source.isIdenticalStackedLinks(target));
+        assertTrue(target.isIdenticalStackedLinks(source));
+
+        assertTrue(source.isIdenticalMtu(target));
+        assertTrue(target.isIdenticalMtu(source));
+
+        assertTrue(source.isIdenticalTcpBufferSizes(target));
+        assertTrue(target.isIdenticalTcpBufferSizes(source));
+
+        if (isAtLeastR()) {
+            assertTrue(source.isIdenticalDhcpServerAddress(target));
+            assertTrue(source.isIdenticalDhcpServerAddress(source));
+
+            assertTrue(source.isIdenticalWakeOnLan(target));
+            assertTrue(target.isIdenticalWakeOnLan(source));
+
+            assertTrue(source.isIdenticalCaptivePortalApiUrl(target));
+            assertTrue(target.isIdenticalCaptivePortalApiUrl(source));
+
+            assertTrue(source.isIdenticalCaptivePortalData(target));
+            assertTrue(target.isIdenticalCaptivePortalData(source));
+        }
+
+        // Check result of equals().
+        assertTrue(source.equals(target));
+        assertTrue(target.equals(source));
+
+        // Check hashCode.
+        assertEquals(source.hashCode(), target.hashCode());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEqualsNull() {
+        LinkProperties source = new LinkProperties();
+        LinkProperties target = new LinkProperties();
+
+        assertFalse(source == target);
+        assertLinkPropertiesEqual(source, target);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEqualsSameOrder() throws Exception {
+        LinkProperties source = new LinkProperties();
+        source.setInterfaceName(NAME);
+        // set 2 link addresses
+        source.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV4);
+        source.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV6);
+        // set 2 dnses
+        source.addDnsServer(DNS1);
+        source.addDnsServer(DNS2);
+        // set 1 pcscf
+        source.addPcscfServer(PCSCFV6);
+        // set 2 gateways
+        source.addRoute(new RouteInfo(GATEWAY1));
+        source.addRoute(new RouteInfo(GATEWAY2));
+        source.setMtu(MTU);
+
+        LinkProperties target = new LinkProperties();
+
+        // All fields are same
+        target.setInterfaceName(NAME);
+        target.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV4);
+        target.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV6);
+        target.addDnsServer(DNS1);
+        target.addDnsServer(DNS2);
+        target.addPcscfServer(PCSCFV6);
+        target.addRoute(new RouteInfo(GATEWAY1));
+        target.addRoute(new RouteInfo(GATEWAY2));
+        target.setMtu(MTU);
+
+        assertLinkPropertiesEqual(source, target);
+
+        target.clear();
+        // change Interface Name
+        target.setInterfaceName("qmi1");
+        target.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV4);
+        target.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV6);
+        target.addDnsServer(DNS1);
+        target.addDnsServer(DNS2);
+        target.addPcscfServer(PCSCFV6);
+        target.addRoute(new RouteInfo(GATEWAY1));
+        target.addRoute(new RouteInfo(GATEWAY2));
+        target.setMtu(MTU);
+        assertFalse(source.equals(target));
+
+        target.clear();
+        target.setInterfaceName(NAME);
+        // change link addresses
+        target.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress(address("75.208.6.2"), 32));
+        target.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV6);
+        target.addDnsServer(DNS1);
+        target.addDnsServer(DNS2);
+        target.addPcscfServer(PCSCFV6);
+        target.addRoute(new RouteInfo(GATEWAY1));
+        target.addRoute(new RouteInfo(GATEWAY2));
+        target.setMtu(MTU);
+        assertFalse(source.equals(target));
+
+        target.clear();
+        target.setInterfaceName(NAME);
+        target.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV4);
+        target.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV6);
+        // change dnses
+        target.addDnsServer(address("75.208.7.2"));
+        target.addDnsServer(DNS2);
+        target.addPcscfServer(PCSCFV6);
+        target.addRoute(new RouteInfo(GATEWAY1));
+        target.addRoute(new RouteInfo(GATEWAY2));
+        target.setMtu(MTU);
+        assertFalse(source.equals(target));
+
+        target.clear();
+        target.setInterfaceName(NAME);
+        target.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV4);
+        target.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV6);
+        target.addDnsServer(address("75.208.7.2"));
+        target.addDnsServer(DNS2);
+        // change pcscf
+        target.addPcscfServer(address("2001::1"));
+        target.addRoute(new RouteInfo(GATEWAY1));
+        target.addRoute(new RouteInfo(GATEWAY2));
+        target.setMtu(MTU);
+        assertFalse(source.equals(target));
+
+        target.clear();
+        target.setInterfaceName(NAME);
+        target.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV4);
+        target.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV6);
+        target.addDnsServer(DNS1);
+        target.addDnsServer(DNS2);
+        // change gateway
+        target.addRoute(new RouteInfo(address("75.208.8.2")));
+        target.setMtu(MTU);
+        target.addRoute(new RouteInfo(GATEWAY2));
+        assertFalse(source.equals(target));
+
+        target.clear();
+        target.setInterfaceName(NAME);
+        target.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV4);
+        target.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV6);
+        target.addDnsServer(DNS1);
+        target.addDnsServer(DNS2);
+        target.addRoute(new RouteInfo(GATEWAY1));
+        target.addRoute(new RouteInfo(GATEWAY2));
+        // change mtu
+        target.setMtu(1440);
+        assertFalse(source.equals(target));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEqualsDifferentOrder() throws Exception {
+        LinkProperties source = new LinkProperties();
+        source.setInterfaceName(NAME);
+        // set 2 link addresses
+        source.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV4);
+        source.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV6);
+        // set 2 dnses
+        source.addDnsServer(DNS1);
+        source.addDnsServer(DNS2);
+        // set 2 gateways
+        source.addRoute(new RouteInfo(LINKADDRV4, GATEWAY1));
+        source.addRoute(new RouteInfo(GATEWAY2));
+        source.setMtu(MTU);
+
+        LinkProperties target = new LinkProperties();
+        // Exchange order
+        target.setInterfaceName(NAME);
+        target.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV6);
+        target.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV4);
+        target.addDnsServer(DNS2);
+        target.addDnsServer(DNS1);
+        target.addRoute(new RouteInfo(GATEWAY2));
+        target.addRoute(new RouteInfo(LINKADDRV4, GATEWAY1));
+        target.setMtu(MTU);
+
+        assertLinkPropertiesEqual(source, target);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEqualsDuplicated() throws Exception {
+        LinkProperties source = new LinkProperties();
+        // set 3 link addresses, eg, [A, A, B]
+        source.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV4);
+        source.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV4);
+        source.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV6);
+
+        LinkProperties target = new LinkProperties();
+        // set 3 link addresses, eg, [A, B, B]
+        target.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV4);
+        target.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV6);
+        target.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV6);
+
+        assertLinkPropertiesEqual(source, target);
+    }
+
+    private void assertAllRoutesHaveInterface(String iface, LinkProperties lp) {
+        for (RouteInfo r : lp.getRoutes()) {
+            assertEquals(iface, r.getInterface());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void assertAllRoutesNotHaveInterface(String iface, LinkProperties lp) {
+        for (RouteInfo r : lp.getRoutes()) {
+            assertNotEquals(iface, r.getInterface());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRouteInterfaces() {
+        LinkAddress prefix1 = new LinkAddress(address("2001:db8:1::"), 48);
+        LinkAddress prefix2 = new LinkAddress(address("2001:db8:2::"), 48);
+        InetAddress address = ADDRV6;
+
+        // Add a route with no interface to a LinkProperties with no interface. No errors.
+        LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        RouteInfo r = new RouteInfo(prefix1, address, null);
+        assertTrue(lp.addRoute(r));
+        assertEquals(1, lp.getRoutes().size());
+        assertAllRoutesHaveInterface(null, lp);
+
+        // Adding the same route twice has no effect.
+        assertFalse(lp.addRoute(r));
+        assertEquals(1, lp.getRoutes().size());
+
+        // Add a route with an interface. Expect an exception.
+        r = new RouteInfo(prefix2, address, "wlan0");
+        try {
+          lp.addRoute(r);
+          fail("Adding wlan0 route to LP with no interface, expect exception");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {}
+
+        // Change the interface name. All the routes should change their interface name too.
+        lp.setInterfaceName("rmnet0");
+        assertAllRoutesHaveInterface("rmnet0", lp);
+        assertAllRoutesNotHaveInterface(null, lp);
+        assertAllRoutesNotHaveInterface("wlan0", lp);
+
+        // Now add a route with the wrong interface. This causes an exception too.
+        try {
+          lp.addRoute(r);
+          fail("Adding wlan0 route to rmnet0 LP, expect exception");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {}
+
+        // If the interface name matches, the route is added.
+        r = new RouteInfo(prefix2, null, "wlan0");
+        lp.setInterfaceName("wlan0");
+        lp.addRoute(r);
+        assertEquals(2, lp.getRoutes().size());
+        assertAllRoutesHaveInterface("wlan0", lp);
+        assertAllRoutesNotHaveInterface("rmnet0", lp);
+
+        // Routes with null interfaces are converted to wlan0.
+        r = RouteInfo.makeHostRoute(ADDRV6, null);
+        lp.addRoute(r);
+        assertEquals(3, lp.getRoutes().size());
+        assertAllRoutesHaveInterface("wlan0", lp);
+
+        // Check routes are updated correctly when calling setInterfaceName.
+        LinkProperties lp2 = new LinkProperties(lp);
+        assertAllRoutesHaveInterface("wlan0", lp2);
+        final CompareResult<RouteInfo> cr1 =
+                new CompareResult<>(lp.getAllRoutes(), lp2.getAllRoutes());
+        assertEquals(0, cr1.added.size());
+        assertEquals(0, cr1.removed.size());
+
+        lp2.setInterfaceName("p2p0");
+        assertAllRoutesHaveInterface("p2p0", lp2);
+        assertAllRoutesNotHaveInterface("wlan0", lp2);
+        final CompareResult<RouteInfo> cr2 =
+                new CompareResult<>(lp.getAllRoutes(), lp2.getAllRoutes());
+        assertEquals(3, cr2.added.size());
+        assertEquals(3, cr2.removed.size());
+
+        // Remove route with incorrect interface, no route removed.
+        lp.removeRoute(new RouteInfo(prefix2, null, null));
+        assertEquals(3, lp.getRoutes().size());
+
+        // Check remove works when interface is correct.
+        lp.removeRoute(new RouteInfo(prefix2, null, "wlan0"));
+        assertEquals(2, lp.getRoutes().size());
+        assertAllRoutesHaveInterface("wlan0", lp);
+        assertAllRoutesNotHaveInterface("p2p0", lp);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStackedInterfaces() {
+        LinkProperties rmnet0 = new LinkProperties();
+        rmnet0.setInterfaceName("rmnet0");
+        rmnet0.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV6);
+
+        LinkProperties clat4 = new LinkProperties();
+        clat4.setInterfaceName("clat4");
+        clat4.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV4);
+
+        assertEquals(0, rmnet0.getStackedLinks().size());
+        assertEquals(1, rmnet0.getAddresses().size());
+        assertEquals(1, rmnet0.getLinkAddresses().size());
+        assertEquals(1, rmnet0.getAllAddresses().size());
+        assertEquals(1, rmnet0.getAllLinkAddresses().size());
+        assertEquals(1, rmnet0.getAllInterfaceNames().size());
+        assertEquals("rmnet0", rmnet0.getAllInterfaceNames().get(0));
+
+        rmnet0.addStackedLink(clat4);
+        assertEquals(1, rmnet0.getStackedLinks().size());
+        assertEquals(1, rmnet0.getAddresses().size());
+        assertEquals(1, rmnet0.getLinkAddresses().size());
+        assertEquals(2, rmnet0.getAllAddresses().size());
+        assertEquals(2, rmnet0.getAllLinkAddresses().size());
+        assertEquals(2, rmnet0.getAllInterfaceNames().size());
+        assertEquals("rmnet0", rmnet0.getAllInterfaceNames().get(0));
+        assertEquals("clat4", rmnet0.getAllInterfaceNames().get(1));
+
+        rmnet0.addStackedLink(clat4);
+        assertEquals(1, rmnet0.getStackedLinks().size());
+        assertEquals(1, rmnet0.getAddresses().size());
+        assertEquals(1, rmnet0.getLinkAddresses().size());
+        assertEquals(2, rmnet0.getAllAddresses().size());
+        assertEquals(2, rmnet0.getAllLinkAddresses().size());
+        assertEquals(2, rmnet0.getAllInterfaceNames().size());
+        assertEquals("rmnet0", rmnet0.getAllInterfaceNames().get(0));
+        assertEquals("clat4", rmnet0.getAllInterfaceNames().get(1));
+
+        assertEquals(0, clat4.getStackedLinks().size());
+
+        // Modify an item in the returned collection to see what happens.
+        for (LinkProperties link : rmnet0.getStackedLinks()) {
+            if (link.getInterfaceName().equals("clat4")) {
+               link.setInterfaceName("newname");
+            }
+        }
+        for (LinkProperties link : rmnet0.getStackedLinks()) {
+            assertFalse("newname".equals(link.getInterfaceName()));
+        }
+
+        assertTrue(rmnet0.removeStackedLink("clat4"));
+        assertEquals(0, rmnet0.getStackedLinks().size());
+        assertEquals(1, rmnet0.getAddresses().size());
+        assertEquals(1, rmnet0.getLinkAddresses().size());
+        assertEquals(1, rmnet0.getAllAddresses().size());
+        assertEquals(1, rmnet0.getAllLinkAddresses().size());
+        assertEquals(1, rmnet0.getAllInterfaceNames().size());
+        assertEquals("rmnet0", rmnet0.getAllInterfaceNames().get(0));
+
+        assertFalse(rmnet0.removeStackedLink("clat4"));
+    }
+
+    private LinkAddress getFirstLinkAddress(LinkProperties lp) {
+        return lp.getLinkAddresses().iterator().next();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAddressMethods() {
+        LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+
+        // No addresses.
+        assertFalse(lp.hasIpv4Address());
+        assertFalse(lp.hasGlobalIpv6Address());
+
+        // Addresses on stacked links don't count.
+        LinkProperties stacked = new LinkProperties();
+        stacked.setInterfaceName("stacked");
+        lp.addStackedLink(stacked);
+        stacked.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV4);
+        stacked.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV6);
+        assertTrue(stacked.hasIpv4Address());
+        assertTrue(stacked.hasGlobalIpv6Address());
+        assertFalse(lp.hasIpv4Address());
+        assertFalse(lp.hasGlobalIpv6Address());
+        lp.removeStackedLink("stacked");
+        assertFalse(lp.hasIpv4Address());
+        assertFalse(lp.hasGlobalIpv6Address());
+
+        // Addresses on the base link.
+        // Check the return values of hasIpvXAddress and ensure the add/remove methods return true
+        // iff something changes.
+        assertEquals(0, lp.getLinkAddresses().size());
+        assertTrue(lp.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV6));
+        assertEquals(1, lp.getLinkAddresses().size());
+        assertFalse(lp.hasIpv4Address());
+        assertTrue(lp.hasGlobalIpv6Address());
+
+        assertTrue(lp.removeLinkAddress(LINKADDRV6));
+        assertEquals(0, lp.getLinkAddresses().size());
+
+        assertTrue(lp.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV6LINKLOCAL));
+        assertEquals(1, lp.getLinkAddresses().size());
+        assertFalse(lp.hasGlobalIpv6Address());
+
+        assertTrue(lp.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV4));
+        assertEquals(2, lp.getLinkAddresses().size());
+        assertTrue(lp.hasIpv4Address());
+        assertFalse(lp.hasGlobalIpv6Address());
+
+        assertTrue(lp.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV6));
+        assertEquals(3, lp.getLinkAddresses().size());
+        assertTrue(lp.hasIpv4Address());
+        assertTrue(lp.hasGlobalIpv6Address());
+
+        assertTrue(lp.removeLinkAddress(LINKADDRV6LINKLOCAL));
+        assertEquals(2, lp.getLinkAddresses().size());
+        assertTrue(lp.hasIpv4Address());
+        assertTrue(lp.hasGlobalIpv6Address());
+
+        // Adding an address twice has no effect.
+        // Removing an address that's not present has no effect.
+        assertFalse(lp.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV4));
+        assertEquals(2, lp.getLinkAddresses().size());
+        assertTrue(lp.hasIpv4Address());
+        assertTrue(lp.removeLinkAddress(LINKADDRV4));
+        assertEquals(1, lp.getLinkAddresses().size());
+        assertFalse(lp.hasIpv4Address());
+        assertFalse(lp.removeLinkAddress(LINKADDRV4));
+        assertEquals(1, lp.getLinkAddresses().size());
+
+        // Adding an address that's already present but with different properties causes the
+        // existing address to be updated and returns true.
+        // Start with only LINKADDRV6.
+        assertEquals(1, lp.getLinkAddresses().size());
+        assertEquals(LINKADDRV6, getFirstLinkAddress(lp));
+
+        // Create a LinkAddress object for the same address, but with different flags.
+        LinkAddress deprecated = new LinkAddress(ADDRV6, 128,
+                OsConstants.IFA_F_DEPRECATED, OsConstants.RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE);
+        assertTrue(deprecated.isSameAddressAs(LINKADDRV6));
+        assertFalse(deprecated.equals(LINKADDRV6));
+
+        // Check that adding it updates the existing address instead of adding a new one.
+        assertTrue(lp.addLinkAddress(deprecated));
+        assertEquals(1, lp.getLinkAddresses().size());
+        assertEquals(deprecated, getFirstLinkAddress(lp));
+        assertFalse(LINKADDRV6.equals(getFirstLinkAddress(lp)));
+
+        // Removing LINKADDRV6 removes deprecated, because removing addresses ignores properties.
+        assertTrue(lp.removeLinkAddress(LINKADDRV6));
+        assertEquals(0, lp.getLinkAddresses().size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLinkAddresses() {
+        final LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV4);
+        lp.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV6);
+
+        final LinkProperties lp2 = new LinkProperties();
+        lp2.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV6);
+
+        final LinkProperties lp3 = new LinkProperties();
+        final List<LinkAddress> linkAddresses = Arrays.asList(LINKADDRV4);
+        lp3.setLinkAddresses(linkAddresses);
+
+        assertFalse(lp.equals(lp2));
+        assertFalse(lp2.equals(lp3));
+
+        lp.removeLinkAddress(LINKADDRV4);
+        assertTrue(lp.equals(lp2));
+
+        lp2.setLinkAddresses(lp3.getLinkAddresses());
+        assertTrue(lp2.equals(lp3));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNat64Prefix() throws Exception {
+        LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV4);
+        lp.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV6);
+
+        assertNull(lp.getNat64Prefix());
+
+        IpPrefix p = new IpPrefix("64:ff9b::/96");
+        lp.setNat64Prefix(p);
+        assertEquals(p, lp.getNat64Prefix());
+
+        p = new IpPrefix("2001:db8:a:b:1:2:3::/96");
+        lp.setNat64Prefix(p);
+        assertEquals(p, lp.getNat64Prefix());
+
+        p = new IpPrefix("2001:db8:a:b:1:2::/80");
+        try {
+            lp.setNat64Prefix(p);
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+        }
+
+        p = new IpPrefix("64:ff9b::/64");
+        try {
+            lp.setNat64Prefix(p);
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+        }
+
+        assertEquals(new IpPrefix("2001:db8:a:b:1:2:3::/96"), lp.getNat64Prefix());
+
+        lp.setNat64Prefix(null);
+        assertNull(lp.getNat64Prefix());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIsProvisioned() {
+        LinkProperties lp4 = new LinkProperties();
+        assertFalse("v4only:empty", lp4.isProvisioned());
+        lp4.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV4);
+        assertFalse("v4only:addr-only", lp4.isProvisioned());
+        lp4.addDnsServer(DNS1);
+        assertFalse("v4only:addr+dns", lp4.isProvisioned());
+        lp4.addRoute(new RouteInfo(GATEWAY1));
+        assertTrue("v4only:addr+dns+route", lp4.isProvisioned());
+        assertTrue("v4only:addr+dns+route", lp4.isIpv4Provisioned());
+        assertFalse("v4only:addr+dns+route", lp4.isIpv6Provisioned());
+
+        LinkProperties lp6 = new LinkProperties();
+        assertFalse("v6only:empty", lp6.isProvisioned());
+        lp6.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV6LINKLOCAL);
+        assertFalse("v6only:fe80-only", lp6.isProvisioned());
+        lp6.addDnsServer(DNS6);
+        assertFalse("v6only:fe80+dns", lp6.isProvisioned());
+        lp6.addRoute(new RouteInfo(GATEWAY61));
+        assertFalse("v6only:fe80+dns+route", lp6.isProvisioned());
+        lp6.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV6);
+        assertTrue("v6only:fe80+global+dns+route", lp6.isIpv6Provisioned());
+        assertTrue("v6only:fe80+global+dns+route", lp6.isProvisioned());
+        lp6.removeLinkAddress(LINKADDRV6LINKLOCAL);
+        assertFalse("v6only:global+dns+route", lp6.isIpv4Provisioned());
+        assertTrue("v6only:global+dns+route", lp6.isIpv6Provisioned());
+        assertTrue("v6only:global+dns+route", lp6.isProvisioned());
+
+        LinkProperties lp46 = new LinkProperties();
+        lp46.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV4);
+        lp46.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV6);
+        lp46.addDnsServer(DNS1);
+        lp46.addDnsServer(DNS6);
+        assertFalse("dualstack:missing-routes", lp46.isProvisioned());
+        lp46.addRoute(new RouteInfo(GATEWAY1));
+        assertTrue("dualstack:v4-provisioned", lp46.isIpv4Provisioned());
+        assertFalse("dualstack:v4-provisioned", lp46.isIpv6Provisioned());
+        assertTrue("dualstack:v4-provisioned", lp46.isProvisioned());
+        lp46.addRoute(new RouteInfo(GATEWAY61));
+        assertTrue("dualstack:both-provisioned", lp46.isIpv4Provisioned());
+        assertTrue("dualstack:both-provisioned", lp46.isIpv6Provisioned());
+        assertTrue("dualstack:both-provisioned", lp46.isProvisioned());
+
+        // A link with an IPv6 address and default route, but IPv4 DNS server.
+        LinkProperties mixed = new LinkProperties();
+        mixed.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV6);
+        mixed.addDnsServer(DNS1);
+        mixed.addRoute(new RouteInfo(GATEWAY61));
+        assertFalse("mixed:addr6+route6+dns4", mixed.isIpv4Provisioned());
+        assertFalse("mixed:addr6+route6+dns4", mixed.isIpv6Provisioned());
+        assertFalse("mixed:addr6+route6+dns4", mixed.isProvisioned());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCompareProvisioning() {
+        LinkProperties v4lp = new LinkProperties();
+        v4lp.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV4);
+        v4lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(GATEWAY1));
+        v4lp.addDnsServer(DNS1);
+        assertTrue(v4lp.isProvisioned());
+
+        LinkProperties v4r = new LinkProperties(v4lp);
+        v4r.removeDnsServer(DNS1);
+        assertFalse(v4r.isProvisioned());
+
+        assertEquals(ProvisioningChange.STILL_NOT_PROVISIONED,
+                LinkProperties.compareProvisioning(v4r, v4r));
+        assertEquals(ProvisioningChange.LOST_PROVISIONING,
+                LinkProperties.compareProvisioning(v4lp, v4r));
+        assertEquals(ProvisioningChange.GAINED_PROVISIONING,
+                LinkProperties.compareProvisioning(v4r, v4lp));
+        assertEquals(ProvisioningChange.STILL_PROVISIONED,
+                LinkProperties.compareProvisioning(v4lp, v4lp));
+
+        // Check that losing IPv4 provisioning on a dualstack network is
+        // seen as a total loss of provisioning.
+        LinkProperties v6lp = new LinkProperties();
+        v6lp.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV6);
+        v6lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(GATEWAY61));
+        v6lp.addDnsServer(DNS6);
+        assertFalse(v6lp.isIpv4Provisioned());
+        assertTrue(v6lp.isIpv6Provisioned());
+        assertTrue(v6lp.isProvisioned());
+
+        LinkProperties v46lp = new LinkProperties(v6lp);
+        v46lp.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV4);
+        v46lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(GATEWAY1));
+        v46lp.addDnsServer(DNS1);
+        assertTrue(v46lp.isIpv4Provisioned());
+        assertTrue(v46lp.isIpv6Provisioned());
+        assertTrue(v46lp.isProvisioned());
+
+        assertEquals(ProvisioningChange.STILL_PROVISIONED,
+                LinkProperties.compareProvisioning(v4lp, v46lp));
+        assertEquals(ProvisioningChange.STILL_PROVISIONED,
+                LinkProperties.compareProvisioning(v6lp, v46lp));
+        assertEquals(ProvisioningChange.LOST_PROVISIONING,
+                LinkProperties.compareProvisioning(v46lp, v6lp));
+        assertEquals(ProvisioningChange.LOST_PROVISIONING,
+                LinkProperties.compareProvisioning(v46lp, v4lp));
+
+        // Check that losing and gaining a secondary router does not change
+        // the provisioning status.
+        LinkProperties v6lp2 = new LinkProperties(v6lp);
+        v6lp2.addRoute(new RouteInfo(GATEWAY62));
+        assertTrue(v6lp2.isProvisioned());
+
+        assertEquals(ProvisioningChange.STILL_PROVISIONED,
+                LinkProperties.compareProvisioning(v6lp2, v6lp));
+        assertEquals(ProvisioningChange.STILL_PROVISIONED,
+                LinkProperties.compareProvisioning(v6lp, v6lp2));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIsReachable() {
+        final LinkProperties v4lp = new LinkProperties();
+        assertFalse(v4lp.isReachable(DNS1));
+        assertFalse(v4lp.isReachable(DNS2));
+
+        // Add an on-link route, making the on-link DNS server reachable,
+        // but there is still no IPv4 address.
+        assertTrue(v4lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(address("75.208.0.0"), 16))));
+        assertFalse(v4lp.isReachable(DNS1));
+        assertFalse(v4lp.isReachable(DNS2));
+
+        // Adding an IPv4 address (right now, any IPv4 address) means we use
+        // the routes to compute likely reachability.
+        assertTrue(v4lp.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress(ADDRV4, 16)));
+        assertTrue(v4lp.isReachable(DNS1));
+        assertFalse(v4lp.isReachable(DNS2));
+
+        // Adding a default route makes the off-link DNS server reachable.
+        assertTrue(v4lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(GATEWAY1)));
+        assertTrue(v4lp.isReachable(DNS1));
+        assertTrue(v4lp.isReachable(DNS2));
+
+        final LinkProperties v6lp = new LinkProperties();
+        final InetAddress kLinkLocalDns = address("fe80::6:1");
+        final InetAddress kLinkLocalDnsWithScope = address("fe80::6:2%43");
+        final InetAddress kOnLinkDns = address("2001:db8:85a3::53");
+        assertFalse(v6lp.isReachable(kLinkLocalDns));
+        assertFalse(v6lp.isReachable(kLinkLocalDnsWithScope));
+        assertFalse(v6lp.isReachable(kOnLinkDns));
+        assertFalse(v6lp.isReachable(DNS6));
+
+        // Add a link-local route, making the link-local DNS servers reachable. Because
+        // we assume the presence of an IPv6 link-local address, link-local DNS servers
+        // are considered reachable, but only those with a non-zero scope identifier.
+        assertTrue(v6lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(address("fe80::"), 64))));
+        assertFalse(v6lp.isReachable(kLinkLocalDns));
+        assertTrue(v6lp.isReachable(kLinkLocalDnsWithScope));
+        assertFalse(v6lp.isReachable(kOnLinkDns));
+        assertFalse(v6lp.isReachable(DNS6));
+
+        // Add a link-local address--nothing changes.
+        assertTrue(v6lp.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV6LINKLOCAL));
+        assertFalse(v6lp.isReachable(kLinkLocalDns));
+        assertTrue(v6lp.isReachable(kLinkLocalDnsWithScope));
+        assertFalse(v6lp.isReachable(kOnLinkDns));
+        assertFalse(v6lp.isReachable(DNS6));
+
+        // Add a global route on link, but no global address yet. DNS servers reachable
+        // via a route that doesn't require a gateway: give them the benefit of the
+        // doubt and hope the link-local source address suffices for communication.
+        assertTrue(v6lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(address("2001:db8:85a3::"), 64))));
+        assertFalse(v6lp.isReachable(kLinkLocalDns));
+        assertTrue(v6lp.isReachable(kLinkLocalDnsWithScope));
+        assertTrue(v6lp.isReachable(kOnLinkDns));
+        assertFalse(v6lp.isReachable(DNS6));
+
+        // Add a global address; the on-link global address DNS server is (still)
+        // presumed reachable.
+        assertTrue(v6lp.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress(ADDRV6, 64)));
+        assertFalse(v6lp.isReachable(kLinkLocalDns));
+        assertTrue(v6lp.isReachable(kLinkLocalDnsWithScope));
+        assertTrue(v6lp.isReachable(kOnLinkDns));
+        assertFalse(v6lp.isReachable(DNS6));
+
+        // Adding a default route makes the off-link DNS server reachable.
+        assertTrue(v6lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(GATEWAY62)));
+        assertFalse(v6lp.isReachable(kLinkLocalDns));
+        assertTrue(v6lp.isReachable(kLinkLocalDnsWithScope));
+        assertTrue(v6lp.isReachable(kOnLinkDns));
+        assertTrue(v6lp.isReachable(DNS6));
+
+        // Check isReachable on stacked links. This requires that the source IP address be assigned
+        // on the interface returned by the route lookup.
+        LinkProperties stacked = new LinkProperties();
+
+        // Can't add a stacked link without an interface name.
+        stacked.setInterfaceName("v4-test0");
+        v6lp.addStackedLink(stacked);
+
+        InetAddress stackedAddress = address("192.0.0.4");
+        LinkAddress stackedLinkAddress = new LinkAddress(stackedAddress, 32);
+        assertFalse(v6lp.isReachable(stackedAddress));
+        stacked.addLinkAddress(stackedLinkAddress);
+        assertFalse(v6lp.isReachable(stackedAddress));
+        stacked.addRoute(new RouteInfo(stackedLinkAddress));
+        assertTrue(stacked.isReachable(stackedAddress));
+        assertTrue(v6lp.isReachable(stackedAddress));
+
+        assertFalse(v6lp.isReachable(DNS1));
+        stacked.addRoute(new RouteInfo((IpPrefix) null, stackedAddress));
+        assertTrue(v6lp.isReachable(DNS1));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLinkPropertiesEnsureDirectlyConnectedRoutes() {
+        // IPv4 case: no route added initially
+        LinkProperties rmnet0 = new LinkProperties();
+        rmnet0.setInterfaceName("rmnet0");
+        rmnet0.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("10.0.0.2/8"));
+        RouteInfo directRoute0 = new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix("10.0.0.0/8"), null,
+                rmnet0.getInterfaceName());
+
+        // Since no routes is added explicitly, getAllRoutes() should return empty.
+        assertTrue(rmnet0.getAllRoutes().isEmpty());
+        rmnet0.ensureDirectlyConnectedRoutes();
+        // ensureDirectlyConnectedRoutes() should have added the missing local route.
+        assertEqualRoutes(Collections.singletonList(directRoute0), rmnet0.getAllRoutes());
+
+        // IPv4 case: both direct and default routes added initially
+        LinkProperties rmnet1 = new LinkProperties();
+        rmnet1.setInterfaceName("rmnet1");
+        rmnet1.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("10.0.0.3/8"));
+        RouteInfo defaultRoute1 = new RouteInfo((IpPrefix) null, address("10.0.0.1"),
+                rmnet1.getInterfaceName());
+        RouteInfo directRoute1 = new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix("10.0.0.0/8"), null,
+                rmnet1.getInterfaceName());
+        rmnet1.addRoute(defaultRoute1);
+        rmnet1.addRoute(directRoute1);
+
+        // Check added routes
+        assertEqualRoutes(Arrays.asList(defaultRoute1, directRoute1), rmnet1.getAllRoutes());
+        // ensureDirectlyConnectedRoutes() shouldn't change the routes since direct connected
+        // route is already part of the configuration.
+        rmnet1.ensureDirectlyConnectedRoutes();
+        assertEqualRoutes(Arrays.asList(defaultRoute1, directRoute1), rmnet1.getAllRoutes());
+
+        // IPv6 case: only default routes added initially
+        LinkProperties rmnet2 = new LinkProperties();
+        rmnet2.setInterfaceName("rmnet2");
+        rmnet2.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("fe80::cafe/64"));
+        rmnet2.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("2001:db8::2/64"));
+        RouteInfo defaultRoute2 = new RouteInfo((IpPrefix) null, address("2001:db8::1"),
+                rmnet2.getInterfaceName());
+        RouteInfo directRoute2 = new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix("2001:db8::/64"), null,
+                rmnet2.getInterfaceName());
+        RouteInfo linkLocalRoute2 = new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix("fe80::/64"), null,
+                rmnet2.getInterfaceName());
+        rmnet2.addRoute(defaultRoute2);
+
+        assertEqualRoutes(Arrays.asList(defaultRoute2), rmnet2.getAllRoutes());
+        rmnet2.ensureDirectlyConnectedRoutes();
+        assertEqualRoutes(Arrays.asList(defaultRoute2, directRoute2, linkLocalRoute2),
+                rmnet2.getAllRoutes());
+
+        // Corner case: no interface name
+        LinkProperties rmnet3 = new LinkProperties();
+        rmnet3.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("192.168.0.2/24"));
+        RouteInfo directRoute3 = new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix("192.168.0.0/24"), null,
+                rmnet3.getInterfaceName());
+
+        assertTrue(rmnet3.getAllRoutes().isEmpty());
+        rmnet3.ensureDirectlyConnectedRoutes();
+        assertEqualRoutes(Collections.singletonList(directRoute3), rmnet3.getAllRoutes());
+    }
+
+    private void assertEqualRoutes(Collection<RouteInfo> expected, Collection<RouteInfo> actual) {
+        Set<RouteInfo> expectedSet = new ArraySet<>(expected);
+        Set<RouteInfo> actualSet = new ArraySet<>(actual);
+        // Duplicated entries in actual routes are considered failures
+        assertEquals(actual.size(), actualSet.size());
+
+        assertEquals(expectedSet, actualSet);
+    }
+
+    private static LinkProperties makeLinkPropertiesForParceling() {
+        LinkProperties source = new LinkProperties();
+        source.setInterfaceName(NAME);
+
+        source.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV4);
+        source.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV6);
+
+        source.addDnsServer(DNS1);
+        source.addDnsServer(DNS2);
+        source.addDnsServer(GATEWAY62);
+
+        source.addPcscfServer(TESTIPV4ADDR);
+        source.addPcscfServer(TESTIPV6ADDR);
+
+        source.setUsePrivateDns(true);
+        source.setPrivateDnsServerName(PRIV_DNS_SERVER_NAME);
+
+        source.setDomains(DOMAINS);
+
+        source.addRoute(new RouteInfo(GATEWAY1));
+        source.addRoute(new RouteInfo(GATEWAY2));
+
+        source.addValidatedPrivateDnsServer(DNS6);
+        source.addValidatedPrivateDnsServer(GATEWAY61);
+        source.addValidatedPrivateDnsServer(TESTIPV6ADDR);
+
+        source.setHttpProxy(ProxyInfo.buildDirectProxy("test", 8888));
+
+        source.setMtu(MTU);
+
+        source.setTcpBufferSizes(TCP_BUFFER_SIZES);
+
+        source.setNat64Prefix(new IpPrefix("2001:db8:1:2:64:64::/96"));
+
+        final LinkProperties stacked = new LinkProperties();
+        stacked.setInterfaceName("test-stacked");
+        source.addStackedLink(stacked);
+
+        return source;
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testLinkPropertiesParcelable_Q() throws Exception {
+        final LinkProperties source = makeLinkPropertiesForParceling();
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(source);
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testLinkPropertiesParcelable() throws Exception {
+        final LinkProperties source = makeLinkPropertiesForParceling();
+
+        source.setWakeOnLanSupported(true);
+        source.setCaptivePortalApiUrl(CAPPORT_API_URL);
+        source.setCaptivePortalData((CaptivePortalData) getCaptivePortalData());
+        source.setDhcpServerAddress((Inet4Address) GATEWAY1);
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(new LinkProperties(source, true /* parcelSensitiveFields */));
+
+        // Verify that without using a sensitiveFieldsParcelingCopy, sensitive fields are cleared.
+        final LinkProperties sanitized = new LinkProperties(source);
+        sanitized.setCaptivePortalApiUrl(null);
+        sanitized.setCaptivePortalData(null);
+        assertEquals(sanitized, parcelingRoundTrip(source));
+    }
+
+    // Parceling of the scope was broken until Q-QPR2
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testLinkLocalDnsServerParceling() throws Exception {
+        final String strAddress = "fe80::1%lo";
+        final LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.addDnsServer(address(strAddress));
+        final LinkProperties unparceled = parcelingRoundTrip(lp);
+        // Inet6Address#equals does not test for the scope id
+        assertEquals(strAddress, unparceled.getDnsServers().get(0).getHostAddress());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParcelUninitialized() throws Exception {
+        LinkProperties empty = new LinkProperties();
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(empty);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConstructor() {
+        LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        checkEmpty(lp);
+        assertLinkPropertiesEqual(lp, new LinkProperties(lp));
+        assertLinkPropertiesEqual(lp, new LinkProperties());
+
+        lp = makeTestObject();
+        assertLinkPropertiesEqual(lp, new LinkProperties(lp));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDnsServers() {
+        final LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        final List<InetAddress> dnsServers = Arrays.asList(DNS1, DNS2);
+        lp.setDnsServers(dnsServers);
+        assertEquals(2, lp.getDnsServers().size());
+        assertEquals(DNS1, lp.getDnsServers().get(0));
+        assertEquals(DNS2, lp.getDnsServers().get(1));
+
+        lp.removeDnsServer(DNS1);
+        assertEquals(1, lp.getDnsServers().size());
+        assertEquals(DNS2, lp.getDnsServers().get(0));
+
+        lp.addDnsServer(DNS6);
+        assertEquals(2, lp.getDnsServers().size());
+        assertEquals(DNS2, lp.getDnsServers().get(0));
+        assertEquals(DNS6, lp.getDnsServers().get(1));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testValidatedPrivateDnsServers() {
+        final LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        final List<InetAddress> privDnsServers = Arrays.asList(PRIVDNS1, PRIVDNS2);
+        lp.setValidatedPrivateDnsServers(privDnsServers);
+        assertEquals(2, lp.getValidatedPrivateDnsServers().size());
+        assertEquals(PRIVDNS1, lp.getValidatedPrivateDnsServers().get(0));
+        assertEquals(PRIVDNS2, lp.getValidatedPrivateDnsServers().get(1));
+
+        lp.removeValidatedPrivateDnsServer(PRIVDNS1);
+        assertEquals(1, lp.getValidatedPrivateDnsServers().size());
+        assertEquals(PRIVDNS2, lp.getValidatedPrivateDnsServers().get(0));
+
+        lp.addValidatedPrivateDnsServer(PRIVDNS6);
+        assertEquals(2, lp.getValidatedPrivateDnsServers().size());
+        assertEquals(PRIVDNS2, lp.getValidatedPrivateDnsServers().get(0));
+        assertEquals(PRIVDNS6, lp.getValidatedPrivateDnsServers().get(1));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPcscfServers() {
+        final LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        final List<InetAddress> pcscfServers = Arrays.asList(PCSCFV4);
+        lp.setPcscfServers(pcscfServers);
+        assertEquals(1, lp.getPcscfServers().size());
+        assertEquals(PCSCFV4, lp.getPcscfServers().get(0));
+
+        lp.removePcscfServer(PCSCFV4);
+        assertEquals(0, lp.getPcscfServers().size());
+
+        lp.addPcscfServer(PCSCFV6);
+        assertEquals(1, lp.getPcscfServers().size());
+        assertEquals(PCSCFV6, lp.getPcscfServers().get(0));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTcpBufferSizes() {
+        final LinkProperties lp = makeTestObject();
+        assertEquals(TCP_BUFFER_SIZES, lp.getTcpBufferSizes());
+
+        lp.setTcpBufferSizes(null);
+        assertNull(lp.getTcpBufferSizes());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHasIpv6DefaultRoute() {
+        final LinkProperties lp = makeTestObject();
+        assertFalse(lp.hasIPv6DefaultRoute());
+
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(GATEWAY61));
+        assertTrue(lp.hasIPv6DefaultRoute());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHttpProxy() {
+        final LinkProperties lp = makeTestObject();
+        assertTrue(lp.getHttpProxy().equals(ProxyInfo.buildDirectProxy("test", 8888)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrivateDnsServerName() {
+        final LinkProperties lp = makeTestObject();
+        assertEquals(PRIV_DNS_SERVER_NAME, lp.getPrivateDnsServerName());
+
+        lp.setPrivateDnsServerName(null);
+        assertNull(lp.getPrivateDnsServerName());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUsePrivateDns() {
+        final LinkProperties lp = makeTestObject();
+        assertTrue(lp.isPrivateDnsActive());
+
+        lp.clear();
+        assertFalse(lp.isPrivateDnsActive());
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testDhcpServerAddress() {
+        final LinkProperties lp = makeTestObject();
+        assertEquals(DHCPSERVER, lp.getDhcpServerAddress());
+
+        lp.clear();
+        assertNull(lp.getDhcpServerAddress());
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testWakeOnLanSupported() {
+        final LinkProperties lp = makeTestObject();
+        assertTrue(lp.isWakeOnLanSupported());
+
+        lp.clear();
+        assertFalse(lp.isWakeOnLanSupported());
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testCaptivePortalApiUrl() {
+        final LinkProperties lp = makeTestObject();
+        assertEquals(CAPPORT_API_URL, lp.getCaptivePortalApiUrl());
+
+        lp.clear();
+        assertNull(lp.getCaptivePortalApiUrl());
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testCaptivePortalData() {
+        final LinkProperties lp = makeTestObject();
+        assertEquals(getCaptivePortalData(), lp.getCaptivePortalData());
+
+        lp.clear();
+        assertNull(lp.getCaptivePortalData());
+    }
+
+    private LinkProperties makeIpv4LinkProperties() {
+        final LinkProperties linkProperties = new LinkProperties();
+        linkProperties.setInterfaceName(NAME);
+        linkProperties.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV4);
+        linkProperties.addDnsServer(DNS1);
+        linkProperties.addRoute(new RouteInfo(GATEWAY1));
+        linkProperties.addRoute(new RouteInfo(GATEWAY2));
+        return linkProperties;
+    }
+
+    private LinkProperties makeIpv6LinkProperties() {
+        final LinkProperties linkProperties = new LinkProperties();
+        linkProperties.setInterfaceName(NAME);
+        linkProperties.addLinkAddress(LINKADDRV6);
+        linkProperties.addDnsServer(DNS6);
+        linkProperties.addRoute(new RouteInfo(GATEWAY61));
+        linkProperties.addRoute(new RouteInfo(GATEWAY62));
+        return linkProperties;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHasIpv4DefaultRoute() {
+        final LinkProperties Ipv4 = makeIpv4LinkProperties();
+        assertTrue(Ipv4.hasIpv4DefaultRoute());
+        final LinkProperties Ipv6 = makeIpv6LinkProperties();
+        assertFalse(Ipv6.hasIpv4DefaultRoute());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHasIpv4DnsServer() {
+        final LinkProperties Ipv4 = makeIpv4LinkProperties();
+        assertTrue(Ipv4.hasIpv4DnsServer());
+        final LinkProperties Ipv6 = makeIpv6LinkProperties();
+        assertFalse(Ipv6.hasIpv4DnsServer());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHasIpv6DnsServer() {
+        final LinkProperties Ipv4 = makeIpv4LinkProperties();
+        assertFalse(Ipv4.hasIpv6DnsServer());
+        final LinkProperties Ipv6 = makeIpv6LinkProperties();
+        assertTrue(Ipv6.hasIpv6DnsServer());
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testHasIpv4UnreachableDefaultRoute() {
+        final LinkProperties lp = makeTestObject();
+        assertFalse(lp.hasIpv4UnreachableDefaultRoute());
+        assertFalse(lp.hasIpv6UnreachableDefaultRoute());
+
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet4Address.ANY, 0), RTN_UNREACHABLE));
+        assertTrue(lp.hasIpv4UnreachableDefaultRoute());
+        assertFalse(lp.hasIpv6UnreachableDefaultRoute());
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testHasIpv6UnreachableDefaultRoute() {
+        final LinkProperties lp = makeTestObject();
+        assertFalse(lp.hasIpv6UnreachableDefaultRoute());
+        assertFalse(lp.hasIpv4UnreachableDefaultRoute());
+
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet6Address.ANY, 0), RTN_UNREACHABLE));
+        assertTrue(lp.hasIpv6UnreachableDefaultRoute());
+        assertFalse(lp.hasIpv4UnreachableDefaultRoute());
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testRouteAddWithSameKey() throws Exception {
+        LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.setInterfaceName("wlan0");
+        final IpPrefix v6 = new IpPrefix("64:ff9b::/96");
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(v6, address("fe80::1"), "wlan0", RTN_UNICAST, 1280));
+        assertEquals(1, lp.getRoutes().size());
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(v6, address("fe80::1"), "wlan0", RTN_UNICAST, 1500));
+        assertEquals(1, lp.getRoutes().size());
+        final IpPrefix v4 = new IpPrefix("192.0.2.128/25");
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(v4, address("192.0.2.1"), "wlan0", RTN_UNICAST, 1460));
+        assertEquals(2, lp.getRoutes().size());
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(v4, address("192.0.2.1"), "wlan0", RTN_THROW, 1460));
+        assertEquals(2, lp.getRoutes().size());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/MatchAllNetworkSpecifierTest.kt b/tests/common/java/android/net/MatchAllNetworkSpecifierTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a4859d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/MatchAllNetworkSpecifierTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net
+
+import android.net.wifi.aware.DiscoverySession
+import android.net.wifi.aware.PeerHandle
+import android.net.wifi.aware.WifiAwareNetworkSpecifier
+import android.os.Build
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
+import com.android.testutils.assertParcelingIsLossless
+import org.junit.Assert.assertFalse
+import org.junit.Rule
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.Mockito
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+@SmallTest
+@ConnectivityModuleTest
+class MatchAllNetworkSpecifierTest {
+    @Rule @JvmField
+    val ignoreRule: DevSdkIgnoreRule = DevSdkIgnoreRule()
+
+    private val specifier = MatchAllNetworkSpecifier()
+    private val discoverySession = Mockito.mock(DiscoverySession::class.java)
+    private val peerHandle = Mockito.mock(PeerHandle::class.java)
+    private val wifiAwareNetworkSpecifier = WifiAwareNetworkSpecifier.Builder(discoverySession,
+            peerHandle).build()
+
+    @Test
+    fun testParcel() {
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(MatchAllNetworkSpecifier())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    @IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    // Only run this test on Android R.
+    // The method - satisfiedBy() has changed to canBeSatisfiedBy() starting from Android R, so the
+    // method - canBeSatisfiedBy() cannot be found when running this test on Android Q.
+    fun testCanBeSatisfiedBy_OnlyForR() {
+        // MatchAllNetworkSpecifier didn't follow its parent class to change the satisfiedBy() to
+        // canBeSatisfiedBy(), so if a caller calls MatchAllNetworkSpecifier#canBeSatisfiedBy(), the
+        // NetworkSpecifier#canBeSatisfiedBy() will be called actually, and false will be returned.
+        // Although it's not meeting the expectation, the behavior still needs to be verified.
+        assertFalse(specifier.canBeSatisfiedBy(wifiAwareNetworkSpecifier))
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalStateException::class)
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    fun testCanBeSatisfiedBy() {
+        specifier.canBeSatisfiedBy(wifiAwareNetworkSpecifier)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/NattKeepalivePacketDataTest.kt b/tests/common/java/android/net/NattKeepalivePacketDataTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad7a526
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/NattKeepalivePacketDataTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net
+
+import android.net.InvalidPacketException.ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS
+import android.net.InvalidPacketException.ERROR_INVALID_PORT
+import android.net.NattSocketKeepalive.NATT_PORT
+import android.os.Build
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
+import com.android.testutils.assertEqualBothWays
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
+import com.android.testutils.assertParcelingIsLossless
+import com.android.testutils.parcelingRoundTrip
+import java.net.InetAddress
+import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
+import org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals
+import org.junit.Assert.fail
+import org.junit.Rule
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+@SmallTest
+class NattKeepalivePacketDataTest {
+    @Rule @JvmField
+    val ignoreRule: DevSdkIgnoreRule = DevSdkIgnoreRule()
+
+    /* Refer to the definition in {@code NattKeepalivePacketData} */
+    private val IPV4_HEADER_LENGTH = 20
+    private val UDP_HEADER_LENGTH = 8
+
+    private val TEST_PORT = 4243
+    private val TEST_PORT2 = 4244
+    private val TEST_SRC_ADDRV4 = "198.168.0.2".address()
+    private val TEST_DST_ADDRV4 = "198.168.0.1".address()
+    private val TEST_ADDRV6 = "2001:db8::1".address()
+
+    private fun String.address() = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(this)
+    private fun nattKeepalivePacket(
+        srcAddress: InetAddress? = TEST_SRC_ADDRV4,
+        srcPort: Int = TEST_PORT,
+        dstAddress: InetAddress? = TEST_DST_ADDRV4,
+        dstPort: Int = NATT_PORT
+    ) = NattKeepalivePacketData.nattKeepalivePacket(srcAddress, srcPort, dstAddress, dstPort)
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    fun testConstructor() {
+        try {
+            nattKeepalivePacket(dstPort = TEST_PORT)
+            fail("Dst port is not NATT port should cause exception")
+        } catch (e: InvalidPacketException) {
+            assertEquals(e.error, ERROR_INVALID_PORT)
+        }
+
+        try {
+            nattKeepalivePacket(srcAddress = TEST_ADDRV6)
+            fail("A v6 srcAddress should cause exception")
+        } catch (e: InvalidPacketException) {
+            assertEquals(e.error, ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS)
+        }
+
+        try {
+            nattKeepalivePacket(dstAddress = TEST_ADDRV6)
+            fail("A v6 dstAddress should cause exception")
+        } catch (e: InvalidPacketException) {
+            assertEquals(e.error, ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS)
+        }
+
+        try {
+            parcelingRoundTrip(
+                    NattKeepalivePacketData(TEST_SRC_ADDRV4, TEST_PORT, TEST_DST_ADDRV4, TEST_PORT,
+                    byteArrayOf(12, 31, 22, 44)))
+            fail("Invalid data should cause exception")
+        } catch (e: IllegalArgumentException) { }
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    fun testParcel() {
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(nattKeepalivePacket())
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    fun testEquals() {
+        assertEqualBothWays(nattKeepalivePacket(), nattKeepalivePacket())
+        assertNotEquals(nattKeepalivePacket(dstAddress = TEST_SRC_ADDRV4), nattKeepalivePacket())
+        assertNotEquals(nattKeepalivePacket(srcAddress = TEST_DST_ADDRV4), nattKeepalivePacket())
+        // Test src port only because dst port have to be NATT_PORT
+        assertNotEquals(nattKeepalivePacket(srcPort = TEST_PORT2), nattKeepalivePacket())
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    fun testHashCode() {
+        assertEquals(nattKeepalivePacket().hashCode(), nattKeepalivePacket().hashCode())
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkAgentConfigTest.kt b/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkAgentConfigTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c05cdbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkAgentConfigTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net
+
+import android.os.Build
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel.isAtLeastS
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel.isAtLeastT
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
+import com.android.testutils.assertParcelingIsLossless
+import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
+import org.junit.Assert.assertFalse
+import org.junit.Assert.assertTrue
+import org.junit.Rule
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+@SmallTest
+@ConnectivityModuleTest
+class NetworkAgentConfigTest {
+    @Rule @JvmField
+    val ignoreRule = DevSdkIgnoreRule()
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    fun testParcelNetworkAgentConfig() {
+        val config = NetworkAgentConfig.Builder().apply {
+            setExplicitlySelected(true)
+            setLegacyType(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_ETHERNET)
+            setSubscriberId("MySubId")
+            setPartialConnectivityAcceptable(false)
+            setUnvalidatedConnectivityAcceptable(true)
+            if (isAtLeastS()) {
+                setBypassableVpn(true)
+            }
+            if (isAtLeastT()) {
+                setLocalRoutesExcludedForVpn(true)
+                setVpnRequiresValidation(true)
+            }
+        }.build()
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(config)
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    fun testBuilder() {
+        val testExtraInfo = "mylegacyExtraInfo"
+        val config = NetworkAgentConfig.Builder().apply {
+            setExplicitlySelected(true)
+            setLegacyType(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_ETHERNET)
+            setSubscriberId("MySubId")
+            setPartialConnectivityAcceptable(false)
+            setUnvalidatedConnectivityAcceptable(true)
+            setLegacyTypeName("TEST_NETWORK")
+            if (isAtLeastS()) {
+                setLegacyExtraInfo(testExtraInfo)
+                setNat64DetectionEnabled(false)
+                setProvisioningNotificationEnabled(false)
+                setBypassableVpn(true)
+            }
+            if (isAtLeastT()) {
+                setLocalRoutesExcludedForVpn(true)
+                setVpnRequiresValidation(true)
+            }
+        }.build()
+
+        assertTrue(config.isExplicitlySelected())
+        assertEquals(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_ETHERNET, config.getLegacyType())
+        assertEquals("MySubId", config.getSubscriberId())
+        assertFalse(config.isPartialConnectivityAcceptable())
+        assertTrue(config.isUnvalidatedConnectivityAcceptable())
+        assertEquals("TEST_NETWORK", config.getLegacyTypeName())
+        if (isAtLeastT()) {
+            assertTrue(config.areLocalRoutesExcludedForVpn())
+            assertTrue(config.isVpnValidationRequired())
+        }
+        if (isAtLeastS()) {
+            assertEquals(testExtraInfo, config.getLegacyExtraInfo())
+            assertFalse(config.isNat64DetectionEnabled())
+            assertFalse(config.isProvisioningNotificationEnabled())
+            assertTrue(config.isBypassableVpn())
+        } else {
+            assertTrue(config.isNat64DetectionEnabled())
+            assertTrue(config.isProvisioningNotificationEnabled())
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilitiesTest.java b/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilitiesTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ae5fab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilitiesTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1370 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.LINK_BANDWIDTH_UNSPECIFIED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.MAX_TRANSPORT;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.MIN_TRANSPORT;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_CBS;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_EIMS;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_MMS;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_PRIORITIZE_BANDWIDTH;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_PRIORITIZE_LATENCY;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_WIFI_P2P;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_2;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_3;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_4;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_5;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.REDACT_FOR_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.REDACT_FOR_LOCAL_MAC_ADDRESS;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.REDACT_FOR_NETWORK_SETTINGS;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.SIGNAL_STRENGTH_UNSPECIFIED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_USB;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI_AWARE;
+import static android.os.Process.INVALID_UID;
+
+import static com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel.isAtLeastR;
+import static com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel.isAtLeastS;
+import static com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel.isAtLeastT;
+import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt.SC_V2;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertEmpty;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertThrows;
+import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils.assertParcelingIsLossless;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
+
+import android.net.wifi.aware.DiscoverySession;
+import android.net.wifi.aware.PeerHandle;
+import android.net.wifi.aware.WifiAwareNetworkSpecifier;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.test.suitebuilder.annotation.SmallTest;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
+import android.util.Range;
+
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.testutils.CompatUtil;
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.Mockito;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+@ConnectivityModuleTest
+public class NetworkCapabilitiesTest {
+    private static final String TEST_SSID = "TEST_SSID";
+    private static final String DIFFERENT_TEST_SSID = "DIFFERENT_TEST_SSID";
+    private static final int TEST_SUBID1 = 1;
+    private static final int TEST_SUBID2 = 2;
+    private static final int TEST_SUBID3 = 3;
+
+    @Rule
+    public DevSdkIgnoreRule mDevSdkIgnoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
+
+    private DiscoverySession mDiscoverySession = Mockito.mock(DiscoverySession.class);
+    private PeerHandle mPeerHandle = Mockito.mock(PeerHandle.class);
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMaybeMarkCapabilitiesRestricted() {
+        // check that internet does not get restricted
+        NetworkCapabilities netCap = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        netCap.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
+        netCap.maybeMarkCapabilitiesRestricted();
+        assertTrue(netCap.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED));
+
+        // metered-ness shouldn't matter
+        netCap = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        netCap.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
+        netCap.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        netCap.maybeMarkCapabilitiesRestricted();
+        assertTrue(netCap.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED));
+        netCap = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        netCap.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
+        netCap.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        netCap.maybeMarkCapabilitiesRestricted();
+        assertTrue(netCap.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED));
+
+        // add EIMS - bundled with unrestricted means it's unrestricted
+        netCap = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        netCap.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
+        netCap.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_EIMS);
+        netCap.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        netCap.maybeMarkCapabilitiesRestricted();
+        assertTrue(netCap.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED));
+        netCap = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        netCap.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
+        netCap.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_EIMS);
+        netCap.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        netCap.maybeMarkCapabilitiesRestricted();
+        assertTrue(netCap.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED));
+
+        // just a restricted cap should be restricted regardless of meteredness
+        netCap = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        netCap.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_EIMS);
+        netCap.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        netCap.maybeMarkCapabilitiesRestricted();
+        assertFalse(netCap.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED));
+        netCap = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        netCap.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_EIMS);
+        netCap.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        netCap.maybeMarkCapabilitiesRestricted();
+        assertFalse(netCap.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED));
+
+        // try 2 restricted caps
+        netCap = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        netCap.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_CBS);
+        netCap.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_EIMS);
+        netCap.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        netCap.maybeMarkCapabilitiesRestricted();
+        assertFalse(netCap.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED));
+        netCap = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        netCap.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_CBS);
+        netCap.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_EIMS);
+        netCap.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        netCap.maybeMarkCapabilitiesRestricted();
+        assertFalse(netCap.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDescribeImmutableDifferences() {
+        NetworkCapabilities nc1;
+        NetworkCapabilities nc2;
+
+        // Transports changing
+        nc1 = new NetworkCapabilities().addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        nc2 = new NetworkCapabilities().addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        assertNotEquals("", nc1.describeImmutableDifferences(nc2));
+        assertEquals("", nc1.describeImmutableDifferences(nc1));
+
+        // Mutable capability changing
+        nc1 = new NetworkCapabilities().addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED);
+        nc2 = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        assertEquals("", nc1.describeImmutableDifferences(nc2));
+        assertEquals("", nc1.describeImmutableDifferences(nc1));
+
+        // NOT_METERED changing (http://b/63326103)
+        nc1 = new NetworkCapabilities()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
+        nc2 = new NetworkCapabilities().addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
+        assertEquals("", nc1.describeImmutableDifferences(nc2));
+        assertEquals("", nc1.describeImmutableDifferences(nc1));
+
+        // Immutable capability changing
+        nc1 = new NetworkCapabilities()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED);
+        nc2 = new NetworkCapabilities().addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
+        assertNotEquals("", nc1.describeImmutableDifferences(nc2));
+        assertEquals("", nc1.describeImmutableDifferences(nc1));
+
+        // Specifier changing
+        nc1 = new NetworkCapabilities().addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        nc2 = new NetworkCapabilities()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(CompatUtil.makeEthernetNetworkSpecifier("eth42"));
+        assertNotEquals("", nc1.describeImmutableDifferences(nc2));
+        assertEquals("", nc1.describeImmutableDifferences(nc1));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLinkBandwidthUtils() {
+        assertEquals(LINK_BANDWIDTH_UNSPECIFIED, NetworkCapabilities
+                .minBandwidth(LINK_BANDWIDTH_UNSPECIFIED, LINK_BANDWIDTH_UNSPECIFIED));
+        assertEquals(10, NetworkCapabilities
+                .minBandwidth(LINK_BANDWIDTH_UNSPECIFIED, 10));
+        assertEquals(10, NetworkCapabilities
+                .minBandwidth(10, LINK_BANDWIDTH_UNSPECIFIED));
+        assertEquals(10, NetworkCapabilities
+                .minBandwidth(10, 20));
+
+        assertEquals(LINK_BANDWIDTH_UNSPECIFIED, NetworkCapabilities
+                .maxBandwidth(LINK_BANDWIDTH_UNSPECIFIED, LINK_BANDWIDTH_UNSPECIFIED));
+        assertEquals(10, NetworkCapabilities
+                .maxBandwidth(LINK_BANDWIDTH_UNSPECIFIED, 10));
+        assertEquals(10, NetworkCapabilities
+                .maxBandwidth(10, LINK_BANDWIDTH_UNSPECIFIED));
+        assertEquals(20, NetworkCapabilities
+                .maxBandwidth(10, 20));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetUids() {
+        final NetworkCapabilities netCap = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        // Null uids match all UIDs
+        netCap.setUids(null);
+        assertTrue(netCap.appliesToUid(10));
+        assertTrue(netCap.appliesToUid(200));
+        assertTrue(netCap.appliesToUid(3000));
+        assertTrue(netCap.appliesToUid(10010));
+        assertTrue(netCap.appliesToUidRange(new UidRange(50, 100)));
+        assertTrue(netCap.appliesToUidRange(new UidRange(70, 72)));
+        assertTrue(netCap.appliesToUidRange(new UidRange(3500, 3912)));
+        assertTrue(netCap.appliesToUidRange(new UidRange(1, 100000)));
+
+        if (isAtLeastS()) {
+            final Set<Range<Integer>> uids = new ArraySet<>();
+            uids.add(uidRange(50, 100));
+            uids.add(uidRange(3000, 4000));
+            netCap.setUids(uids);
+            assertTrue(netCap.appliesToUid(50));
+            assertTrue(netCap.appliesToUid(80));
+            assertTrue(netCap.appliesToUid(100));
+            assertTrue(netCap.appliesToUid(3000));
+            assertTrue(netCap.appliesToUid(3001));
+            assertFalse(netCap.appliesToUid(10));
+            assertFalse(netCap.appliesToUid(25));
+            assertFalse(netCap.appliesToUid(49));
+            assertFalse(netCap.appliesToUid(101));
+            assertFalse(netCap.appliesToUid(2000));
+            assertFalse(netCap.appliesToUid(100000));
+
+            assertTrue(netCap.appliesToUidRange(new UidRange(50, 100)));
+            assertTrue(netCap.appliesToUidRange(new UidRange(70, 72)));
+            assertTrue(netCap.appliesToUidRange(new UidRange(3500, 3912)));
+            assertFalse(netCap.appliesToUidRange(new UidRange(1, 100)));
+            assertFalse(netCap.appliesToUidRange(new UidRange(49, 100)));
+            assertFalse(netCap.appliesToUidRange(new UidRange(1, 10)));
+            assertFalse(netCap.appliesToUidRange(new UidRange(60, 101)));
+            assertFalse(netCap.appliesToUidRange(new UidRange(60, 3400)));
+
+            NetworkCapabilities netCap2 = new NetworkCapabilities();
+            // A new netcap object has null UIDs, so anything will satisfy it.
+            assertTrue(netCap2.satisfiedByUids(netCap));
+            // Still not equal though.
+            assertFalse(netCap2.equalsUids(netCap));
+            netCap2.setUids(uids);
+            assertTrue(netCap2.satisfiedByUids(netCap));
+            assertTrue(netCap.equalsUids(netCap2));
+            assertTrue(netCap2.equalsUids(netCap));
+
+            uids.add(uidRange(600, 700));
+            netCap2.setUids(uids);
+            assertFalse(netCap2.satisfiedByUids(netCap));
+            assertFalse(netCap.appliesToUid(650));
+            assertTrue(netCap2.appliesToUid(650));
+            netCap.setUids(uids);
+            assertTrue(netCap2.satisfiedByUids(netCap));
+            assertTrue(netCap.appliesToUid(650));
+            assertFalse(netCap.appliesToUid(500));
+
+            // Null uids satisfies everything.
+            netCap.setUids(null);
+            assertTrue(netCap2.satisfiedByUids(netCap));
+            assertTrue(netCap.satisfiedByUids(netCap2));
+            netCap2.setUids(null);
+            assertTrue(netCap2.satisfiedByUids(netCap));
+            assertTrue(netCap.satisfiedByUids(netCap2));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2)
+    public void testSetAllowedUids() {
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> nc.setAllowedUids(null));
+        assertFalse(nc.hasAllowedUids());
+        assertFalse(nc.isUidWithAccess(0));
+        assertFalse(nc.isUidWithAccess(1000));
+        assertEquals(0, nc.getAllowedUids().size());
+        nc.setAllowedUids(new ArraySet<>());
+        assertFalse(nc.hasAllowedUids());
+        assertFalse(nc.isUidWithAccess(0));
+        assertFalse(nc.isUidWithAccess(1000));
+        assertEquals(0, nc.getAllowedUids().size());
+
+        final ArraySet<Integer> uids = new ArraySet<>();
+        uids.add(200);
+        uids.add(250);
+        uids.add(-1);
+        uids.add(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
+        nc.setAllowedUids(uids);
+        assertNotEquals(nc, new NetworkCapabilities());
+        assertTrue(nc.hasAllowedUids());
+
+        final List<Integer> includedList = List.of(-2, 0, 199, 700, 901, 1000, Integer.MIN_VALUE);
+        final List<Integer> excludedList = List.of(-1, 200, 250, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
+        for (final int uid : includedList) {
+            assertFalse(nc.isUidWithAccess(uid));
+        }
+        for (final int uid : excludedList) {
+            assertTrue(nc.isUidWithAccess(uid));
+        }
+
+        final Set<Integer> outUids = nc.getAllowedUids();
+        assertEquals(4, outUids.size());
+        for (final int uid : includedList) {
+            assertFalse(outUids.contains(uid));
+        }
+        for (final int uid : excludedList) {
+            assertTrue(outUids.contains(uid));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParcelNetworkCapabilities() {
+        final Set<Range<Integer>> uids = new ArraySet<>();
+        uids.add(uidRange(50, 100));
+        uids.add(uidRange(3000, 4000));
+        final NetworkCapabilities netCap = new NetworkCapabilities()
+            .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+            .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_EIMS)
+            .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        if (isAtLeastS()) {
+            final ArraySet<Integer> allowedUids = new ArraySet<>();
+            allowedUids.add(4);
+            allowedUids.add(9);
+            netCap.setAllowedUids(allowedUids);
+            netCap.setSubscriptionIds(Set.of(TEST_SUBID1, TEST_SUBID2));
+            netCap.setUids(uids);
+        }
+        if (isAtLeastR()) {
+            netCap.setOwnerUid(123);
+            netCap.setAdministratorUids(new int[] {5, 11});
+        }
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(netCap);
+        netCap.setSSID(TEST_SSID);
+        testParcelSane(netCap);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParcelNetworkCapabilitiesWithRequestorUidAndPackageName() {
+        final NetworkCapabilities netCap = new NetworkCapabilities()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_EIMS)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        if (isAtLeastR()) {
+            netCap.setRequestorPackageName("com.android.test");
+            netCap.setRequestorUid(9304);
+        }
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(netCap);
+        netCap.setSSID(TEST_SSID);
+        testParcelSane(netCap);
+    }
+
+    private void testParcelSane(NetworkCapabilities cap) {
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(cap);
+    }
+
+    private static NetworkCapabilities createNetworkCapabilitiesWithTransportInfo() {
+        return new NetworkCapabilities()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_EIMS)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
+                .setSSID(TEST_SSID)
+                .setTransportInfo(new TestTransportInfo())
+                .setRequestorPackageName("com.android.test")
+                .setRequestorUid(9304);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkCapabilitiesCopyWithNoRedactions() {
+        assumeTrue(isAtLeastS());
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities netCap = createNetworkCapabilitiesWithTransportInfo();
+        final NetworkCapabilities netCapWithNoRedactions =
+                new NetworkCapabilities(netCap, NetworkCapabilities.REDACT_NONE);
+        TestTransportInfo testTransportInfo =
+                (TestTransportInfo) netCapWithNoRedactions.getTransportInfo();
+        assertFalse(testTransportInfo.locationRedacted);
+        assertFalse(testTransportInfo.localMacAddressRedacted);
+        assertFalse(testTransportInfo.settingsRedacted);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkCapabilitiesCopyWithoutLocationSensitiveFields() {
+        assumeTrue(isAtLeastS());
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities netCap = createNetworkCapabilitiesWithTransportInfo();
+        final NetworkCapabilities netCapWithNoRedactions =
+                new NetworkCapabilities(netCap, REDACT_FOR_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
+        TestTransportInfo testTransportInfo =
+                (TestTransportInfo) netCapWithNoRedactions.getTransportInfo();
+        assertTrue(testTransportInfo.locationRedacted);
+        assertFalse(testTransportInfo.localMacAddressRedacted);
+        assertFalse(testTransportInfo.settingsRedacted);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOemPaid() {
+        NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        // By default OEM_PAID is neither in the required or forbidden lists and the network is not
+        // restricted.
+        if (isAtLeastS()) {
+            assertFalse(nc.hasForbiddenCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID));
+        }
+        assertFalse(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID));
+        nc.maybeMarkCapabilitiesRestricted();
+        assertTrue(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED));
+
+        // Adding OEM_PAID to capability list should make network restricted.
+        nc.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID);
+        nc.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);  // Combine with unrestricted capability.
+        nc.maybeMarkCapabilitiesRestricted();
+        assertTrue(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID));
+        assertFalse(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED));
+
+        // Now let's make request for OEM_PAID network.
+        NetworkCapabilities nr = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        nr.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID);
+        nr.maybeMarkCapabilitiesRestricted();
+        assertTrue(nr.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(nc));
+
+        // Request fails for network with the default capabilities.
+        assertFalse(nr.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(new NetworkCapabilities()));
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2) // TODO: Use to Build.VERSION_CODES.SC_V2 when available
+    public void testPrioritizeLatencyAndBandwidth() {
+        NetworkCapabilities netCap = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        netCap.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_PRIORITIZE_LATENCY);
+        netCap.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        netCap.maybeMarkCapabilitiesRestricted();
+        assertTrue(netCap.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED));
+        netCap = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        netCap.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_PRIORITIZE_LATENCY);
+        netCap.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        netCap.maybeMarkCapabilitiesRestricted();
+        assertTrue(netCap.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED));
+
+        netCap = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        netCap.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_PRIORITIZE_BANDWIDTH);
+        netCap.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        netCap.maybeMarkCapabilitiesRestricted();
+        assertTrue(netCap.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED));
+        netCap = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        netCap.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_PRIORITIZE_BANDWIDTH);
+        netCap.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        netCap.maybeMarkCapabilitiesRestricted();
+        assertTrue(netCap.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED));
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testOemPrivate() {
+        NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        // By default OEM_PRIVATE is neither in the required or forbidden lists and the network is
+        // not restricted.
+        assertFalse(nc.hasForbiddenCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE));
+        assertFalse(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE));
+        nc.maybeMarkCapabilitiesRestricted();
+        assertTrue(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED));
+
+        // Adding OEM_PRIVATE to capability list should make network restricted.
+        nc.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE);
+        nc.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);  // Combine with unrestricted capability.
+        nc.maybeMarkCapabilitiesRestricted();
+        assertTrue(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE));
+        assertFalse(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED));
+
+        // Now let's make request for OEM_PRIVATE network.
+        NetworkCapabilities nr = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        nr.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE);
+        nr.maybeMarkCapabilitiesRestricted();
+        assertTrue(nr.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(nc));
+
+        // Request fails for network with the default capabilities.
+        assertFalse(nr.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(new NetworkCapabilities()));
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testForbiddenCapabilities() {
+        NetworkCapabilities network = new NetworkCapabilities();
+
+        NetworkCapabilities request = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        assertTrue("Request: " + request + ", Network:" + network,
+                request.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(network));
+
+        // Requesting absence of capabilities that network doesn't have. Request should satisfy.
+        request.addForbiddenCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_WIFI_P2P);
+        request.addForbiddenCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        assertTrue(request.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(network));
+        assertArrayEquals(new int[]{NET_CAPABILITY_WIFI_P2P,
+                        NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED},
+                request.getForbiddenCapabilities());
+
+        // This is a default capability, just want to make sure its there because we use it below.
+        assertTrue(network.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED));
+
+        // Verify that adding forbidden capability will effectively remove it from capability list.
+        request.addForbiddenCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED);
+        assertTrue(request.hasForbiddenCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED));
+        assertFalse(request.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED));
+
+        // Now this request won't be satisfied because network contains NOT_RESTRICTED.
+        assertFalse(request.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(network));
+        network.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED);
+        assertTrue(request.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(network));
+
+        // Verify that adding capability will effectively remove it from forbidden list
+        request.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED);
+        assertTrue(request.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED));
+        assertFalse(request.hasForbiddenCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED));
+
+        assertFalse(request.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(network));
+        network.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED);
+        assertTrue(request.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(network));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConnectivityManagedCapabilities() {
+        NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        assertFalse(nc.hasConnectivityManagedCapability());
+        // Check every single system managed capability.
+        nc.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL);
+        assertTrue(nc.hasConnectivityManagedCapability());
+        nc.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL);
+        nc.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND);
+        assertTrue(nc.hasConnectivityManagedCapability());
+        nc.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND);
+        nc.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY);
+        assertTrue(nc.hasConnectivityManagedCapability());
+        nc.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY);
+        nc.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED);
+        assertTrue(nc.hasConnectivityManagedCapability());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEqualsNetCapabilities() {
+        NetworkCapabilities nc1 = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        NetworkCapabilities nc2 = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        assertTrue(nc1.equalsNetCapabilities(nc2));
+        assertEquals(nc1, nc2);
+
+        nc1.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_MMS);
+        assertFalse(nc1.equalsNetCapabilities(nc2));
+        assertNotEquals(nc1, nc2);
+        nc2.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_MMS);
+        assertTrue(nc1.equalsNetCapabilities(nc2));
+        assertEquals(nc1, nc2);
+
+        if (isAtLeastS()) {
+            nc1.addForbiddenCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
+            assertFalse(nc1.equalsNetCapabilities(nc2));
+            nc2.addForbiddenCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
+            assertTrue(nc1.equalsNetCapabilities(nc2));
+
+            // Remove a required capability doesn't affect forbidden capabilities.
+            // This is a behaviour change from R to S.
+            nc1.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
+            assertTrue(nc1.equalsNetCapabilities(nc2));
+
+            nc1.removeForbiddenCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
+            assertFalse(nc1.equalsNetCapabilities(nc2));
+            nc2.removeForbiddenCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
+            assertTrue(nc1.equalsNetCapabilities(nc2));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSSID() {
+        NetworkCapabilities nc1 = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        NetworkCapabilities nc2 = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        assertTrue(nc2.satisfiedBySSID(nc1));
+
+        nc1.setSSID(TEST_SSID);
+        assertTrue(nc2.satisfiedBySSID(nc1));
+        nc2.setSSID("different " + TEST_SSID);
+        assertFalse(nc2.satisfiedBySSID(nc1));
+
+        assertTrue(nc1.satisfiedByImmutableNetworkCapabilities(nc2));
+        assertFalse(nc1.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(nc2));
+    }
+
+    private ArraySet<Range<Integer>> uidRanges(int from, int to) {
+        final ArraySet<Range<Integer>> range = new ArraySet<>(1);
+        range.add(uidRange(from, to));
+        return range;
+    }
+
+    private Range<Integer> uidRange(int from, int to) {
+        return new Range<Integer>(from, to);
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testSetAdministratorUids() {
+        NetworkCapabilities nc =
+                new NetworkCapabilities().setAdministratorUids(new int[] {2, 1, 3});
+
+        assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1, 2, 3}, nc.getAdministratorUids());
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testSetAdministratorUidsWithDuplicates() {
+        try {
+            new NetworkCapabilities().setAdministratorUids(new int[] {1, 1});
+            fail("Expected IllegalArgumentException for duplicate uids");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetCapabilities() {
+        final int[] REQUIRED_CAPABILITIES = new int[] {
+                NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET, NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN };
+
+        NetworkCapabilities nc1 = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        NetworkCapabilities nc2 = new NetworkCapabilities();
+
+        nc1.setCapabilities(REQUIRED_CAPABILITIES);
+        assertArrayEquals(REQUIRED_CAPABILITIES, nc1.getCapabilities());
+
+        // Verify that setting and adding capabilities leads to the same object state.
+        nc2.clearAll();
+        for (int cap : REQUIRED_CAPABILITIES) {
+            nc2.addCapability(cap);
+        }
+        assertEquals(nc1, nc2);
+
+        if (isAtLeastS()) {
+            final int[] forbiddenCapabilities = new int[]{
+                    NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED, NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED };
+
+            nc1.setCapabilities(REQUIRED_CAPABILITIES, forbiddenCapabilities);
+            assertArrayEquals(REQUIRED_CAPABILITIES, nc1.getCapabilities());
+            assertArrayEquals(forbiddenCapabilities, nc1.getForbiddenCapabilities());
+
+            nc2.clearAll();
+            for (int cap : REQUIRED_CAPABILITIES) {
+                nc2.addCapability(cap);
+            }
+            for (int cap : forbiddenCapabilities) {
+                nc2.addForbiddenCapability(cap);
+            }
+            assertEquals(nc1, nc2);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUnderlyingNetworks() {
+        assumeTrue(isAtLeastT());
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        final Network network1 = new Network(100);
+        final Network network2 = new Network(101);
+        final ArrayList<Network> inputNetworks = new ArrayList<>();
+        inputNetworks.add(network1);
+        inputNetworks.add(network2);
+        nc.setUnderlyingNetworks(inputNetworks);
+        final ArrayList<Network> outputNetworks = new ArrayList<>(nc.getUnderlyingNetworks());
+        assertEquals(network1, outputNetworks.get(0));
+        assertEquals(network2, outputNetworks.get(1));
+        nc.setUnderlyingNetworks(null);
+        assertNull(nc.getUnderlyingNetworks());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEqualsForUnderlyingNetworks() {
+        assumeTrue(isAtLeastT());
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc1 = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc2 = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        assertEquals(nc1, nc2);
+        final Network network = new Network(100);
+        final ArrayList<Network> inputNetworks = new ArrayList<>();
+        final ArrayList<Network> emptyList = new ArrayList<>();
+        inputNetworks.add(network);
+        nc1.setUnderlyingNetworks(inputNetworks);
+        assertNotEquals(nc1, nc2);
+        nc2.setUnderlyingNetworks(inputNetworks);
+        assertEquals(nc1, nc2);
+        nc1.setUnderlyingNetworks(emptyList);
+        assertNotEquals(nc1, nc2);
+        nc2.setUnderlyingNetworks(emptyList);
+        assertEquals(nc1, nc2);
+        nc1.setUnderlyingNetworks(null);
+        assertNotEquals(nc1, nc2);
+        nc2.setUnderlyingNetworks(null);
+        assertEquals(nc1, nc2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetNetworkSpecifierOnMultiTransportNc() {
+        // Sequence 1: Transport + Transport + NetworkSpecifier
+        NetworkCapabilities.Builder nc1 = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder();
+        nc1.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR).addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        final NetworkSpecifier specifier = CompatUtil.makeEthernetNetworkSpecifier("eth0");
+        assertThrows("Cannot set NetworkSpecifier on a NetworkCapability with multiple transports!",
+                IllegalStateException.class,
+                () -> nc1.build().setNetworkSpecifier(specifier));
+        assertThrows("Cannot set NetworkSpecifier on a NetworkCapability with multiple transports!",
+                IllegalStateException.class,
+                () -> nc1.setNetworkSpecifier(specifier));
+
+        // Sequence 2: Transport + NetworkSpecifier + Transport
+        NetworkCapabilities.Builder nc2 = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder();
+        nc2.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR).setNetworkSpecifier(specifier);
+
+        assertThrows("Cannot set a second TransportType of a network which has a NetworkSpecifier!",
+                IllegalStateException.class,
+                () -> nc2.build().addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
+        assertThrows("Cannot set a second TransportType of a network which has a NetworkSpecifier!",
+                IllegalStateException.class,
+                () -> nc2.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R) // New behavior in updatable NetworkCapabilities (S+)
+    public void testSetNetworkSpecifierOnTestMultiTransportNc() {
+        final NetworkSpecifier specifier = CompatUtil.makeEthernetNetworkSpecifier("eth0");
+        NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(specifier)
+                .build();
+        // Adding a specifier did not crash with 2 transports if one is TEST
+        assertEquals(specifier, nc.getNetworkSpecifier());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetTransportInfoOnMultiTransportNc() {
+        // Sequence 1: Transport + Transport + TransportInfo
+        NetworkCapabilities nc1 = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        nc1.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR).addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                .setTransportInfo(new TestTransportInfo());
+
+        // Sequence 2: Transport + NetworkSpecifier + Transport
+        NetworkCapabilities nc2 = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        nc2.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR).setTransportInfo(new TestTransportInfo())
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSet() {
+        NetworkCapabilities nc1 = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        NetworkCapabilities nc2 = new NetworkCapabilities();
+
+        if (isAtLeastS()) {
+            nc1.addForbiddenCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL);
+        }
+        nc1.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING);
+        assertNotEquals(nc1, nc2);
+        nc2.set(nc1);
+        assertEquals(nc1, nc2);
+        assertTrue(nc2.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING));
+        if (isAtLeastS()) {
+            assertTrue(nc2.hasForbiddenCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL));
+        }
+
+        if (isAtLeastS()) {
+            // This will effectively move NOT_ROAMING capability from required to forbidden for nc1.
+            nc1.addForbiddenCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING);
+        }
+        nc1.setSSID(TEST_SSID);
+        nc2.set(nc1);
+        assertEquals(nc1, nc2);
+        if (isAtLeastS()) {
+            // Contrary to combineCapabilities, set() will have removed the NOT_ROAMING capability
+            // from nc2.
+            assertFalse(nc2.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING));
+            assertTrue(nc2.hasForbiddenCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING));
+        }
+
+        if (isAtLeastR()) {
+            assertTrue(TEST_SSID.equals(nc2.getSsid()));
+        }
+
+        nc1.setSSID(DIFFERENT_TEST_SSID);
+        nc2.set(nc1);
+        assertEquals(nc1, nc2);
+        if (isAtLeastR()) {
+            assertTrue(DIFFERENT_TEST_SSID.equals(nc2.getSsid()));
+        }
+        if (isAtLeastS()) {
+            nc1.setUids(uidRanges(10, 13));
+        } else {
+            nc1.setUids(null);
+        }
+        nc2.set(nc1);  // Overwrites, as opposed to combineCapabilities
+        assertEquals(nc1, nc2);
+
+        if (isAtLeastS()) {
+            assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> nc1.setSubscriptionIds(null));
+            nc1.setSubscriptionIds(Set.of());
+            nc2.set(nc1);
+            assertEquals(nc1, nc2);
+
+            nc1.setSubscriptionIds(Set.of(TEST_SUBID1));
+            nc2.set(nc1);
+            assertEquals(nc1, nc2);
+
+            nc2.setSubscriptionIds(Set.of(TEST_SUBID2, TEST_SUBID1));
+            nc2.set(nc1);
+            assertEquals(nc1, nc2);
+
+            nc2.setSubscriptionIds(Set.of(TEST_SUBID3, TEST_SUBID2));
+            assertNotEquals(nc1, nc2);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetTransportTypes() {
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        nc.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        nc.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        nc.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_VPN);
+        nc.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST);
+
+        final int[] transportTypes = nc.getTransportTypes();
+        assertEquals(4, transportTypes.length);
+        assertEquals(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, transportTypes[0]);
+        assertEquals(TRANSPORT_WIFI, transportTypes[1]);
+        assertEquals(TRANSPORT_VPN, transportTypes[2]);
+        assertEquals(TRANSPORT_TEST, transportTypes[3]);
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testTelephonyNetworkSpecifier() {
+        final TelephonyNetworkSpecifier specifier = new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier(1);
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc1 = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(specifier)
+                .build();
+        assertEquals(specifier, nc1.getNetworkSpecifier());
+        try {
+            final NetworkCapabilities nc2 = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                    .setNetworkSpecifier(specifier)
+                    .build();
+            fail("Must have a single transport type. Without transport type or multiple transport"
+                    + " types is invalid.");
+        } catch (IllegalStateException expected) { }
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2) // TODO: Use to Build.VERSION_CODES.SC_V2 when available
+    public void testEnterpriseId() {
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc1 = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE)
+                .addEnterpriseId(NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1)
+                .build();
+        assertEquals(1, nc1.getEnterpriseIds().length);
+        assertEquals(NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1,
+                nc1.getEnterpriseIds()[0]);
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc2 = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE)
+                .addEnterpriseId(NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1)
+                .addEnterpriseId(NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_2)
+                .build();
+        assertEquals(2, nc2.getEnterpriseIds().length);
+        assertEquals(NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1,
+                nc2.getEnterpriseIds()[0]);
+        assertEquals(NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_2,
+                nc2.getEnterpriseIds()[1]);
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc3 = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE)
+                .addEnterpriseId(NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1)
+                .addEnterpriseId(NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_2)
+                .addEnterpriseId(NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_3)
+                .addEnterpriseId(NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_4)
+                .addEnterpriseId(NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_5)
+                .build();
+        assertEquals(5, nc3.getEnterpriseIds().length);
+        assertEquals(NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1,
+                nc3.getEnterpriseIds()[0]);
+        assertEquals(NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_2,
+                nc3.getEnterpriseIds()[1]);
+        assertEquals(NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_3,
+                nc3.getEnterpriseIds()[2]);
+        assertEquals(NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_4,
+                nc3.getEnterpriseIds()[3]);
+        assertEquals(NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_5,
+                nc3.getEnterpriseIds()[4]);
+
+        final Class<IllegalArgumentException> illegalArgumentExceptionClass =
+                IllegalArgumentException.class;
+        assertThrows(illegalArgumentExceptionClass, () -> new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .addEnterpriseId(6)
+                .build());
+        assertThrows(illegalArgumentExceptionClass, () -> new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .removeEnterpriseId(6)
+                .build());
+
+        final Class<IllegalStateException> illegalStateException =
+                IllegalStateException.class;
+        assertThrows(illegalStateException, () -> new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .addEnterpriseId(NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1)
+                .build());
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc4 = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE)
+                .addEnterpriseId(NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1)
+                .addEnterpriseId(NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_2)
+                .removeEnterpriseId(NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1)
+                .removeEnterpriseId(NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_2)
+                .build();
+        assertEquals(1, nc4.getEnterpriseIds().length);
+        assertTrue(nc4.hasEnterpriseId(NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1));
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc5 = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_CBS)
+                .addEnterpriseId(NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1)
+                .addEnterpriseId(NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_2)
+                .removeEnterpriseId(NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1)
+                .removeEnterpriseId(NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_2)
+                .build();
+
+        assertTrue(nc4.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(nc1));
+        assertTrue(nc1.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(nc4));
+
+        assertFalse(nc3.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(nc2));
+        assertTrue(nc2.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(nc3));
+
+        assertFalse(nc1.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(nc5));
+        assertFalse(nc5.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(nc1));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testWifiAwareNetworkSpecifier() {
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI_AWARE);
+        // If NetworkSpecifier is not set, the default value is null.
+        assertNull(nc.getNetworkSpecifier());
+        final WifiAwareNetworkSpecifier specifier = new WifiAwareNetworkSpecifier.Builder(
+                mDiscoverySession, mPeerHandle).build();
+        nc.setNetworkSpecifier(specifier);
+        assertEquals(specifier, nc.getNetworkSpecifier());
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testAdministratorUidsAndOwnerUid() {
+        // Test default owner uid.
+        // If the owner uid is not set, the default value should be Process.INVALID_UID.
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc1 = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder().build();
+        assertEquals(INVALID_UID, nc1.getOwnerUid());
+        // Test setAdministratorUids and getAdministratorUids.
+        final int[] administratorUids = {1001, 10001};
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc2 = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .setAdministratorUids(administratorUids)
+                .build();
+        assertTrue(Arrays.equals(administratorUids, nc2.getAdministratorUids()));
+        // Test setOwnerUid and getOwnerUid.
+        // The owner UID must be included in administrator UIDs, or throw IllegalStateException.
+        try {
+            final NetworkCapabilities nc3 = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                    .setOwnerUid(1001)
+                    .build();
+            fail("The owner UID must be included in administrator UIDs.");
+        } catch (IllegalStateException expected) { }
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc4 = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .setAdministratorUids(administratorUids)
+                .setOwnerUid(1001)
+                .build();
+        assertEquals(1001, nc4.getOwnerUid());
+        try {
+            final NetworkCapabilities nc5 = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                    .setAdministratorUids(null)
+                    .build();
+            fail("Should not set null into setAdministratorUids");
+        } catch (NullPointerException expected) { }
+    }
+
+    private static NetworkCapabilities capsWithSubIds(Integer ... subIds) {
+        // Since the NetworkRequest would put NOT_VCN_MANAGED capabilities in general, for
+        // every NetworkCapabilities that simulates networks needs to add it too in order to
+        // satisfy these requests.
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+                .setSubscriptionIds(new ArraySet<>(subIds)).build();
+        assertEquals(new ArraySet<>(subIds), nc.getSubscriptionIds());
+        return nc;
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testSubIds() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkCapabilities ncWithoutId = capsWithSubIds();
+        final NetworkCapabilities ncWithId = capsWithSubIds(TEST_SUBID1);
+        final NetworkCapabilities ncWithOtherIds = capsWithSubIds(TEST_SUBID1, TEST_SUBID3);
+        final NetworkCapabilities ncWithoutRequestedIds = capsWithSubIds(TEST_SUBID3);
+
+        final NetworkRequest requestWithoutId = new NetworkRequest.Builder().build();
+        assertEmpty(requestWithoutId.networkCapabilities.getSubscriptionIds());
+        final NetworkRequest requestWithIds = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .setSubscriptionIds(Set.of(TEST_SUBID1, TEST_SUBID2)).build();
+        assertEquals(Set.of(TEST_SUBID1, TEST_SUBID2),
+                requestWithIds.networkCapabilities.getSubscriptionIds());
+
+        assertFalse(requestWithIds.canBeSatisfiedBy(ncWithoutId));
+        assertTrue(requestWithIds.canBeSatisfiedBy(ncWithOtherIds));
+        assertFalse(requestWithIds.canBeSatisfiedBy(ncWithoutRequestedIds));
+        assertTrue(requestWithIds.canBeSatisfiedBy(ncWithId));
+        assertTrue(requestWithoutId.canBeSatisfiedBy(ncWithoutId));
+        assertTrue(requestWithoutId.canBeSatisfiedBy(ncWithId));
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testEqualsSubIds() throws Exception {
+        assertEquals(capsWithSubIds(), capsWithSubIds());
+        assertNotEquals(capsWithSubIds(), capsWithSubIds(TEST_SUBID1));
+        assertEquals(capsWithSubIds(TEST_SUBID1), capsWithSubIds(TEST_SUBID1));
+        assertNotEquals(capsWithSubIds(TEST_SUBID1), capsWithSubIds(TEST_SUBID2));
+        assertNotEquals(capsWithSubIds(TEST_SUBID1), capsWithSubIds(TEST_SUBID2, TEST_SUBID1));
+        assertEquals(capsWithSubIds(TEST_SUBID1, TEST_SUBID2),
+                capsWithSubIds(TEST_SUBID2, TEST_SUBID1));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLinkBandwidthKbps() {
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        // The default value of LinkDown/UpstreamBandwidthKbps should be LINK_BANDWIDTH_UNSPECIFIED.
+        assertEquals(LINK_BANDWIDTH_UNSPECIFIED, nc.getLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps());
+        assertEquals(LINK_BANDWIDTH_UNSPECIFIED, nc.getLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps());
+        nc.setLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps(512);
+        nc.setLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps(128);
+        assertEquals(512, nc.getLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps());
+        assertNotEquals(128, nc.getLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps());
+        assertEquals(128, nc.getLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps());
+        assertNotEquals(512, nc.getLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps());
+    }
+
+    private int getMaxTransport() {
+        if (!isAtLeastS() && MAX_TRANSPORT == TRANSPORT_USB) return MAX_TRANSPORT - 1;
+        return MAX_TRANSPORT;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSignalStrength() {
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        // The default value of signal strength should be SIGNAL_STRENGTH_UNSPECIFIED.
+        assertEquals(SIGNAL_STRENGTH_UNSPECIFIED, nc.getSignalStrength());
+        nc.setSignalStrength(-80);
+        assertEquals(-80, nc.getSignalStrength());
+        assertNotEquals(-50, nc.getSignalStrength());
+    }
+
+    private void assertNoTransport(NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        for (int i = MIN_TRANSPORT; i <= getMaxTransport(); i++) {
+            assertFalse(nc.hasTransport(i));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Checks that all transport types from MIN_TRANSPORT to maxTransportType are set and all
+    // transport types from maxTransportType + 1 to MAX_TRANSPORT are not set when positiveSequence
+    // is true. If positiveSequence is false, then the check sequence is opposite.
+    private void checkCurrentTransportTypes(NetworkCapabilities nc, int maxTransportType,
+            boolean positiveSequence) {
+        for (int i = MIN_TRANSPORT; i <= maxTransportType; i++) {
+            if (positiveSequence) {
+                assertTrue(nc.hasTransport(i));
+            } else {
+                assertFalse(nc.hasTransport(i));
+            }
+        }
+        for (int i = getMaxTransport(); i > maxTransportType; i--) {
+            if (positiveSequence) {
+                assertFalse(nc.hasTransport(i));
+            } else {
+                assertTrue(nc.hasTransport(i));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMultipleTransportTypes() {
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        assertNoTransport(nc);
+        // Test adding multiple transport types.
+        for (int i = MIN_TRANSPORT; i <= getMaxTransport(); i++) {
+            nc.addTransportType(i);
+            checkCurrentTransportTypes(nc, i, true /* positiveSequence */);
+        }
+        // Test removing multiple transport types.
+        for (int i = MIN_TRANSPORT; i <= getMaxTransport(); i++) {
+            nc.removeTransportType(i);
+            checkCurrentTransportTypes(nc, i, false /* positiveSequence */);
+        }
+        assertNoTransport(nc);
+        nc.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        assertTrue(nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
+        assertFalse(nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN));
+        nc.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_VPN);
+        assertTrue(nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
+        assertTrue(nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN));
+        nc.removeTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        assertFalse(nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
+        assertTrue(nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN));
+        nc.removeTransportType(TRANSPORT_VPN);
+        assertFalse(nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
+        assertFalse(nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN));
+        assertNoTransport(nc);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAddAndRemoveTransportType() {
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        try {
+            nc.addTransportType(-1);
+            fail("Should not set invalid transport type into addTransportType");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) { }
+        try {
+            nc.removeTransportType(-1);
+            fail("Should not set invalid transport type into removeTransportType");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test TransportInfo to verify redaction mechanism.
+     */
+    private static class TestTransportInfo implements TransportInfo {
+        public final boolean locationRedacted;
+        public final boolean localMacAddressRedacted;
+        public final boolean settingsRedacted;
+
+        TestTransportInfo() {
+            locationRedacted = false;
+            localMacAddressRedacted = false;
+            settingsRedacted = false;
+        }
+
+        TestTransportInfo(boolean locationRedacted,
+                boolean localMacAddressRedacted,
+                boolean settingsRedacted) {
+            this.locationRedacted = locationRedacted;
+            this.localMacAddressRedacted =
+                    localMacAddressRedacted;
+            this.settingsRedacted = settingsRedacted;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public TransportInfo makeCopy(@NetworkCapabilities.RedactionType long redactions) {
+            return new TestTransportInfo(
+                    (redactions & NetworkCapabilities.REDACT_FOR_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != 0,
+                    (redactions & REDACT_FOR_LOCAL_MAC_ADDRESS) != 0,
+                    (redactions & REDACT_FOR_NETWORK_SETTINGS) != 0
+            );
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public @NetworkCapabilities.RedactionType long getApplicableRedactions() {
+            return REDACT_FOR_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION | REDACT_FOR_LOCAL_MAC_ADDRESS
+                    | REDACT_FOR_NETWORK_SETTINGS;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testBuilder() {
+        final int ownerUid = 1001;
+        final int signalStrength = -80;
+        final int requestUid = 10100;
+        final int[] administratorUids = {ownerUid, 10001};
+        final TelephonyNetworkSpecifier specifier = new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier(1);
+        final TransportInfo transportInfo = new TransportInfo() {};
+        final String ssid = "TEST_SSID";
+        final String packageName = "com.google.test.networkcapabilities";
+        final NetworkCapabilities.Builder capBuilder = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                .removeTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_EIMS)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_CBS)
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_CBS)
+                .setAdministratorUids(administratorUids)
+                .setOwnerUid(ownerUid)
+                .setLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps(512)
+                .setLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps(128)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(specifier)
+                .setTransportInfo(transportInfo)
+                .setSignalStrength(signalStrength)
+                .setSsid(ssid)
+                .setRequestorUid(requestUid)
+                .setRequestorPackageName(packageName);
+        final Network network1 = new Network(100);
+        final Network network2 = new Network(101);
+        final List<Network> inputNetworks = List.of(network1, network2);
+        if (isAtLeastT()) {
+            capBuilder.setUnderlyingNetworks(inputNetworks);
+        }
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = capBuilder.build();
+        assertEquals(1, nc.getTransportTypes().length);
+        assertEquals(TRANSPORT_WIFI, nc.getTransportTypes()[0]);
+        assertTrue(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_EIMS));
+        assertFalse(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_CBS));
+        assertTrue(Arrays.equals(administratorUids, nc.getAdministratorUids()));
+        assertEquals(ownerUid, nc.getOwnerUid());
+        assertEquals(512, nc.getLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps());
+        assertNotEquals(128, nc.getLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps());
+        assertEquals(128, nc.getLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps());
+        assertNotEquals(512, nc.getLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps());
+        assertEquals(specifier, nc.getNetworkSpecifier());
+        assertEquals(transportInfo, nc.getTransportInfo());
+        assertEquals(signalStrength, nc.getSignalStrength());
+        assertNotEquals(-50, nc.getSignalStrength());
+        assertEquals(ssid, nc.getSsid());
+        assertEquals(requestUid, nc.getRequestorUid());
+        assertEquals(packageName, nc.getRequestorPackageName());
+        if (isAtLeastT()) {
+            final List<Network> outputNetworks = nc.getUnderlyingNetworks();
+            assertEquals(network1, outputNetworks.get(0));
+            assertEquals(network2, outputNetworks.get(1));
+        }
+        // Cannot assign null into NetworkCapabilities.Builder
+        try {
+            final NetworkCapabilities.Builder builder = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder(null);
+            fail("Should not set null into NetworkCapabilities.Builder");
+        } catch (NullPointerException expected) { }
+        assertEquals(nc, new NetworkCapabilities.Builder(nc).build());
+
+        if (isAtLeastS()) {
+            final NetworkCapabilities nc2 = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                    .setSubscriptionIds(Set.of(TEST_SUBID1)).build();
+            assertEquals(Set.of(TEST_SUBID1), nc2.getSubscriptionIds());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testBuilderWithoutDefaultCap() {
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc =
+                NetworkCapabilities.Builder.withoutDefaultCapabilities().build();
+        assertFalse(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED));
+        assertFalse(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED));
+        assertFalse(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN));
+        // Ensure test case fails if new net cap is added into default cap but no update here.
+        assertEquals(0, nc.getCapabilities().length);
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testRestrictCapabilitiesForTestNetworkByNotOwnerWithNonRestrictedNc() {
+        testRestrictCapabilitiesForTestNetworkWithNonRestrictedNc(false /* isOwner */);
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testRestrictCapabilitiesForTestNetworkByOwnerWithNonRestrictedNc() {
+        testRestrictCapabilitiesForTestNetworkWithNonRestrictedNc(true /* isOwner */);
+    }
+
+    private void testRestrictCapabilitiesForTestNetworkWithNonRestrictedNc(boolean isOwner) {
+        final int ownerUid = 1234;
+        final int signalStrength = -80;
+        final int[] administratorUids = {1001, ownerUid};
+        final TelephonyNetworkSpecifier specifier = new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier(TEST_SUBID1);
+        final TransportInfo transportInfo = new TransportInfo() {};
+        final NetworkCapabilities nonRestrictedNc = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_MMS)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
+                .setAdministratorUids(administratorUids)
+                .setOwnerUid(ownerUid)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(specifier)
+                .setSignalStrength(signalStrength)
+                .setTransportInfo(transportInfo)
+                .setSubscriptionIds(Set.of(TEST_SUBID1)).build();
+        final int creatorUid = isOwner ? ownerUid : INVALID_UID;
+        nonRestrictedNc.restrictCapabilitiesForTestNetwork(creatorUid);
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities.Builder expectedNcBuilder = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder();
+        // Non-UNRESTRICTED_TEST_NETWORKS_ALLOWED_TRANSPORTS will be removed and TRANSPORT_TEST will
+        // be appended for non-restricted net cap.
+        expectedNcBuilder.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST);
+        // Only TEST_NETWORKS_ALLOWED_CAPABILITIES will be kept. SubIds are only allowed for Test
+        // Networks that only declare TRANSPORT_TEST.
+        expectedNcBuilder.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+                .setSubscriptionIds(Set.of(TEST_SUBID1));
+
+        expectedNcBuilder.setNetworkSpecifier(specifier)
+                .setSignalStrength(signalStrength).setTransportInfo(transportInfo);
+        if (creatorUid == ownerUid) {
+            // Only retain the owner and administrator UIDs if they match the app registering the
+            // remote caller that registered the network.
+            expectedNcBuilder.setAdministratorUids(new int[]{ownerUid}).setOwnerUid(ownerUid);
+        }
+
+        assertEquals(expectedNcBuilder.build(), nonRestrictedNc);
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testRestrictCapabilitiesForTestNetworkByNotOwnerWithRestrictedNc() {
+        testRestrictCapabilitiesForTestNetworkWithRestrictedNc(false /* isOwner */);
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testRestrictCapabilitiesForTestNetworkByOwnerWithRestrictedNc() {
+        testRestrictCapabilitiesForTestNetworkWithRestrictedNc(true /* isOwner */);
+    }
+
+    private void testRestrictCapabilitiesForTestNetworkWithRestrictedNc(boolean isOwner) {
+        final int ownerUid = 1234;
+        final int signalStrength = -80;
+        final int[] administratorUids = {1001, ownerUid};
+        final TransportInfo transportInfo = new TransportInfo() {};
+        // No NetworkSpecifier is set because after performing restrictCapabilitiesForTestNetwork
+        // the networkCapabilities will contain more than one transport type. However,
+        // networkCapabilities must have a single transport specified to use NetworkSpecifier. Thus,
+        // do not verify this part since it's verified in other tests.
+        final NetworkCapabilities restrictedNc = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_MMS)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
+                .setAdministratorUids(administratorUids)
+                .setOwnerUid(ownerUid)
+                .setSignalStrength(signalStrength)
+                .setTransportInfo(transportInfo)
+                .setSubscriptionIds(Set.of(TEST_SUBID1)).build();
+        final int creatorUid = isOwner ? ownerUid : INVALID_UID;
+        restrictedNc.restrictCapabilitiesForTestNetwork(creatorUid);
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities.Builder expectedNcBuilder = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED);
+        // If the test network is restricted, then the network may declare any transport, and
+        // appended with TRANSPORT_TEST.
+        expectedNcBuilder.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        expectedNcBuilder.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST);
+        // Only TEST_NETWORKS_ALLOWED_CAPABILITIES will be kept.
+        expectedNcBuilder.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        expectedNcBuilder.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED);
+
+        expectedNcBuilder.setSignalStrength(signalStrength).setTransportInfo(transportInfo);
+        if (creatorUid == ownerUid) {
+            // Only retain the owner and administrator UIDs if they match the app registering the
+            // remote caller that registered the network.
+            expectedNcBuilder.setAdministratorUids(new int[]{ownerUid}).setOwnerUid(ownerUid);
+        }
+
+        assertEquals(expectedNcBuilder.build(), restrictedNc);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkProviderTest.kt b/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkProviderTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ceacf8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkProviderTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,398 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net
+
+import android.app.Instrumentation
+import android.content.Context
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST
+import android.net.NetworkProviderTest.TestNetworkCallback.CallbackEntry.OnUnavailable
+import android.net.NetworkProviderTest.TestNetworkProvider.CallbackEntry.OnNetworkRequestWithdrawn
+import android.net.NetworkProviderTest.TestNetworkProvider.CallbackEntry.OnNetworkRequested
+import android.os.Build
+import android.os.Handler
+import android.os.HandlerThread
+import android.os.Looper
+import android.util.Log
+import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry
+import com.android.net.module.util.ArrayTrackRecord
+import com.android.testutils.CompatUtil
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkOfferCallback
+import com.android.testutils.isDevSdkInRange
+import org.junit.After
+import org.junit.Before
+import org.junit.Rule
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn
+import org.mockito.Mockito.mock
+import org.mockito.Mockito.verifyNoMoreInteractions
+import java.util.UUID
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor
+import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertNotEquals
+import kotlin.test.fail
+
+private const val DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS = 5000L
+private const val DEFAULT_NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS = 200L
+private val instrumentation: Instrumentation
+    get() = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation()
+private val context: Context get() = InstrumentationRegistry.getContext()
+private val PROVIDER_NAME = "NetworkProviderTest"
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+@ConnectivityModuleTest
+class NetworkProviderTest {
+    @Rule @JvmField
+    val mIgnoreRule = DevSdkIgnoreRule()
+    private val mCm = context.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager::class.java)
+    private val mHandlerThread = HandlerThread("${javaClass.simpleName} handler thread")
+
+    @Before
+    fun setUp() {
+        instrumentation.getUiAutomation().adoptShellPermissionIdentity()
+        mHandlerThread.start()
+    }
+
+    @After
+    fun tearDown() {
+        mHandlerThread.quitSafely()
+        instrumentation.getUiAutomation().dropShellPermissionIdentity()
+    }
+
+    private class TestNetworkProvider(context: Context, looper: Looper) :
+            NetworkProvider(context, looper, PROVIDER_NAME) {
+        private val TAG = this::class.simpleName
+        private val seenEvents = ArrayTrackRecord<CallbackEntry>().newReadHead()
+
+        sealed class CallbackEntry {
+            data class OnNetworkRequested(
+                val request: NetworkRequest,
+                val score: Int,
+                val id: Int
+            ) : CallbackEntry()
+            data class OnNetworkRequestWithdrawn(val request: NetworkRequest) : CallbackEntry()
+        }
+
+        override fun onNetworkRequested(request: NetworkRequest, score: Int, id: Int) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "onNetworkRequested $request, $score, $id")
+            seenEvents.add(OnNetworkRequested(request, score, id))
+        }
+
+        override fun onNetworkRequestWithdrawn(request: NetworkRequest) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "onNetworkRequestWithdrawn $request")
+            seenEvents.add(OnNetworkRequestWithdrawn(request))
+        }
+
+        inline fun <reified T : CallbackEntry> eventuallyExpectCallbackThat(
+            crossinline predicate: (T) -> Boolean
+        ) = seenEvents.poll(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS) { it is T && predicate(it) }
+                ?: fail("Did not receive callback after ${DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS}ms")
+
+        fun assertNoCallback() {
+            val cb = seenEvents.poll(DEFAULT_NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS)
+            if (null != cb) fail("Expected no callback but got $cb")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun createNetworkProvider(ctx: Context = context): TestNetworkProvider {
+        return TestNetworkProvider(ctx, mHandlerThread.looper)
+    }
+
+    private fun createAndRegisterNetworkProvider(ctx: Context = context) =
+        createNetworkProvider(ctx).also {
+            assertEquals(it.getProviderId(), NetworkProvider.ID_NONE)
+            mCm.registerNetworkProvider(it)
+            assertNotEquals(it.getProviderId(), NetworkProvider.ID_NONE)
+        }
+
+    // In S+ framework, do not run this test, since the provider will no longer receive
+    // onNetworkRequested for every request. Instead, provider needs to
+    // call {@code registerNetworkOffer} with the description of networks they
+    // might have ability to setup, and expects {@link NetworkOfferCallback#onNetworkNeeded}.
+    @IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    @Test
+    fun testOnNetworkRequested() {
+        val provider = createAndRegisterNetworkProvider()
+
+        val specifier = CompatUtil.makeTestNetworkSpecifier(
+                UUID.randomUUID().toString())
+        // Test network is not allowed to be trusted.
+        val nr: NetworkRequest = NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(specifier)
+                .build()
+        val cb = ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback()
+        mCm.requestNetwork(nr, cb)
+        provider.eventuallyExpectCallbackThat<OnNetworkRequested>() { callback ->
+            callback.request.getNetworkSpecifier() == specifier &&
+            callback.request.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+        }
+
+        val initialScore = 40
+        val updatedScore = 60
+        val nc = NetworkCapabilities().apply {
+                addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+                removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED)
+                addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING)
+                addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
+                setNetworkSpecifier(specifier)
+        }
+        val lp = LinkProperties()
+        val config = NetworkAgentConfig.Builder().build()
+        val agent = object : NetworkAgent(context, mHandlerThread.looper, "TestAgent", nc, lp,
+                initialScore, config, provider) {}
+        agent.register()
+        agent.markConnected()
+
+        provider.eventuallyExpectCallbackThat<OnNetworkRequested>() { callback ->
+            callback.request.getNetworkSpecifier() == specifier &&
+            callback.score == initialScore &&
+            callback.id == agent.providerId
+        }
+
+        agent.sendNetworkScore(updatedScore)
+        provider.eventuallyExpectCallbackThat<OnNetworkRequested>() { callback ->
+            callback.request.getNetworkSpecifier() == specifier &&
+            callback.score == updatedScore &&
+            callback.id == agent.providerId
+        }
+
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cb)
+        provider.eventuallyExpectCallbackThat<OnNetworkRequestWithdrawn>() { callback ->
+            callback.request.getNetworkSpecifier() == specifier &&
+            callback.request.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+        }
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkProvider(provider)
+        // Provider id should be ID_NONE after unregister network provider
+        assertEquals(provider.getProviderId(), NetworkProvider.ID_NONE)
+        // unregisterNetworkProvider should not crash even if it's called on an
+        // already unregistered provider.
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkProvider(provider)
+    }
+
+    // Mainline module can't use internal HandlerExecutor, so add an identical executor here.
+    // TODO: Refactor with the one in MultiNetworkPolicyTracker.
+    private class HandlerExecutor(private val handler: Handler) : Executor {
+        public override fun execute(command: Runnable) {
+            if (!handler.post(command)) {
+                throw RejectedExecutionException(handler.toString() + " is shutting down")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    @Test
+    fun testRegisterNetworkOffer() {
+        val provider = createAndRegisterNetworkProvider()
+        val provider2 = createAndRegisterNetworkProvider()
+
+        // Prepare the materials which will be used to create different offers.
+        val specifier1 = CompatUtil.makeTestNetworkSpecifier("TEST-SPECIFIER-1")
+        val specifier2 = CompatUtil.makeTestNetworkSpecifier("TEST-SPECIFIER-2")
+        val scoreWeaker = NetworkScore.Builder().build()
+        val scoreStronger = NetworkScore.Builder().setTransportPrimary(true).build()
+        val ncFilter1 = NetworkCapabilities.Builder().addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(specifier1).build()
+        val ncFilter2 = NetworkCapabilities.Builder().addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(specifier1).build()
+        val ncFilter3 = NetworkCapabilities.Builder().addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(specifier2).build()
+        val ncFilter4 = NetworkCapabilities.Builder().addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(specifier2).build()
+
+        // Make 4 offers, where 1 doesn't have NOT_VCN, 2 has NOT_VCN, 3 is similar to 1 but with
+        // different specifier, and 4 is also similar to 1 but with different provider.
+        val offerCallback1 = TestableNetworkOfferCallback(
+                DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS, DEFAULT_NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        val offerCallback2 = TestableNetworkOfferCallback(
+                DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS, DEFAULT_NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        val offerCallback3 = TestableNetworkOfferCallback(
+                DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS, DEFAULT_NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        val offerCallback4 = TestableNetworkOfferCallback(
+                DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS, DEFAULT_NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        provider.registerNetworkOffer(scoreWeaker, ncFilter1,
+                HandlerExecutor(mHandlerThread.threadHandler), offerCallback1)
+        provider.registerNetworkOffer(scoreStronger, ncFilter2,
+                HandlerExecutor(mHandlerThread.threadHandler), offerCallback2)
+        provider.registerNetworkOffer(scoreWeaker, ncFilter3,
+                HandlerExecutor(mHandlerThread.threadHandler), offerCallback3)
+        provider2.registerNetworkOffer(scoreWeaker, ncFilter4,
+                HandlerExecutor(mHandlerThread.threadHandler), offerCallback4)
+        // Unlike Android R, Android S+ provider will only receive interested requests via offer
+        // callback. Verify that the callbacks do not see any existing request such as default
+        // requests.
+        offerCallback1.assertNoCallback()
+        offerCallback2.assertNoCallback()
+        offerCallback3.assertNoCallback()
+        offerCallback4.assertNoCallback()
+
+        // File a request with specifier but without NOT_VCN, verify network is needed for callback
+        // with the same specifier.
+        val nrNoNotVcn: NetworkRequest = NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                // Test network is not allowed to be trusted.
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(specifier1)
+                .build()
+        val cb1 = ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback()
+        mCm.requestNetwork(nrNoNotVcn, cb1)
+        offerCallback1.expectOnNetworkNeeded(ncFilter1)
+        offerCallback2.expectOnNetworkNeeded(ncFilter2)
+        offerCallback3.assertNoCallback()
+        offerCallback4.assertNoCallback()
+
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cb1)
+        offerCallback1.expectOnNetworkUnneeded(ncFilter1)
+        offerCallback2.expectOnNetworkUnneeded(ncFilter2)
+        offerCallback3.assertNoCallback()
+        offerCallback4.assertNoCallback()
+
+        // File a request without specifier but with NOT_VCN, verify network is needed for offer
+        // with NOT_VCN.
+        val nrNotVcn: NetworkRequest = NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+                // Test network is not allowed to be trusted.
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+                .build()
+        val cb2 = ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback()
+        mCm.requestNetwork(nrNotVcn, cb2)
+        offerCallback1.assertNoCallback()
+        offerCallback2.expectOnNetworkNeeded(ncFilter2)
+        offerCallback3.assertNoCallback()
+        offerCallback4.assertNoCallback()
+
+        // Upgrade offer 3 & 4 to satisfy previous request and then verify they are also needed.
+        ncFilter3.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+        provider.registerNetworkOffer(scoreWeaker, ncFilter3,
+                HandlerExecutor(mHandlerThread.threadHandler), offerCallback3)
+        ncFilter4.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+        provider2.registerNetworkOffer(scoreWeaker, ncFilter4,
+                HandlerExecutor(mHandlerThread.threadHandler), offerCallback4)
+        offerCallback1.assertNoCallback()
+        offerCallback2.assertNoCallback()
+        offerCallback3.expectOnNetworkNeeded(ncFilter3)
+        offerCallback4.expectOnNetworkNeeded(ncFilter4)
+
+        // Connect an agent to fulfill the request, verify offer 4 is not needed since it is not
+        // from currently serving provider nor can beat the current satisfier.
+        val nc = NetworkCapabilities().apply {
+            addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST)
+            removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+            addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+            addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED)
+            addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING)
+            addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
+            setNetworkSpecifier(specifier1)
+        }
+        val config = NetworkAgentConfig.Builder().build()
+        val agent = object : NetworkAgent(context, mHandlerThread.looper, "TestAgent", nc,
+                LinkProperties(), scoreWeaker, config, provider) {}
+        agent.register()
+        agent.markConnected()
+        offerCallback1.assertNoCallback()  // Still unneeded.
+        offerCallback2.assertNoCallback()  // Still needed.
+        offerCallback3.assertNoCallback()  // Still needed.
+        offerCallback4.expectOnNetworkUnneeded(ncFilter4)
+
+        // Upgrade the agent, verify no change since the framework will treat the offer as needed
+        // if a request is currently satisfied by the network provided by the same provider.
+        // TODO: Consider offers with weaker score are unneeded.
+        agent.sendNetworkScore(scoreStronger)
+        offerCallback1.assertNoCallback()  // Still unneeded.
+        offerCallback2.assertNoCallback()  // Still needed.
+        offerCallback3.assertNoCallback()  // Still needed.
+        offerCallback4.assertNoCallback()  // Still unneeded.
+
+        // Verify that offer callbacks cannot receive any event if offer is unregistered.
+        provider2.unregisterNetworkOffer(offerCallback4)
+        agent.unregister()
+        offerCallback1.assertNoCallback()  // Still unneeded.
+        offerCallback2.assertNoCallback()  // Still needed.
+        offerCallback3.assertNoCallback()  // Still needed.
+        // Since the agent is unregistered, and the offer has chance to satisfy the request,
+        // this callback should receive needed if it is not unregistered.
+        offerCallback4.assertNoCallback()
+
+        // Verify that offer callbacks cannot receive any event if provider is unregistered.
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkProvider(provider)
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cb2)
+        offerCallback1.assertNoCallback()  // No callback since it is still unneeded.
+        offerCallback2.assertNoCallback()  // Should be unneeded if not unregistered.
+        offerCallback3.assertNoCallback()  // Should be unneeded if not unregistered.
+        offerCallback4.assertNoCallback()  // Already unregistered.
+
+        // Clean up and Verify providers did not receive any callback during the entire test.
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkProvider(provider2)
+        provider.assertNoCallback()
+        provider2.assertNoCallback()
+    }
+
+    private class TestNetworkCallback : ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback() {
+        private val seenEvents = ArrayTrackRecord<CallbackEntry>().newReadHead()
+        sealed class CallbackEntry {
+            object OnUnavailable : CallbackEntry()
+        }
+
+        override fun onUnavailable() {
+            seenEvents.add(OnUnavailable)
+        }
+
+        inline fun <reified T : CallbackEntry> expectCallback(
+            crossinline predicate: (T) -> Boolean
+        ) = seenEvents.poll(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS) { it is T && predicate(it) }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testDeclareNetworkRequestUnfulfillable() {
+        val mockContext = mock(Context::class.java)
+        doReturn(mCm).`when`(mockContext).getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE)
+        val provider = createNetworkProvider(mockContext)
+        // ConnectivityManager not required at creation time after R
+        if (!isDevSdkInRange(0, Build.VERSION_CODES.R)) {
+            verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockContext)
+        }
+
+        mCm.registerNetworkProvider(provider)
+
+        val specifier = CompatUtil.makeTestNetworkSpecifier(
+                UUID.randomUUID().toString())
+        val nr: NetworkRequest = NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(specifier)
+                .build()
+
+        val cb = TestNetworkCallback()
+        mCm.requestNetwork(nr, cb)
+        provider.declareNetworkRequestUnfulfillable(nr)
+        cb.expectCallback<OnUnavailable>() { nr.getNetworkSpecifier() == specifier }
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkProvider(provider)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkSpecifierTest.kt b/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkSpecifierTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b960417
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkSpecifierTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net
+
+import android.os.Build
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertFalse
+import kotlin.test.assertNotEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+
+@SmallTest
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+@ConnectivityModuleTest
+class NetworkSpecifierTest {
+    private class TestNetworkSpecifier(
+        val intData: Int = 123,
+        val stringData: String = "init"
+    ) : NetworkSpecifier() {
+        override fun canBeSatisfiedBy(other: NetworkSpecifier?): Boolean =
+                other != null &&
+                other is TestNetworkSpecifier &&
+                other.intData >= intData &&
+                stringData.equals(other.stringData)
+
+        override fun redact(): NetworkSpecifier = TestNetworkSpecifier(intData, "redact")
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testRedact() {
+        val ns: TestNetworkSpecifier = TestNetworkSpecifier()
+        val redactNs = ns.redact()
+        assertTrue(redactNs is TestNetworkSpecifier)
+        assertEquals(ns.intData, redactNs.intData)
+        assertNotEquals(ns.stringData, redactNs.stringData)
+        assertTrue("redact".equals(redactNs.stringData))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testcanBeSatisfiedBy() {
+        val target: TestNetworkSpecifier = TestNetworkSpecifier()
+        assertFalse(target.canBeSatisfiedBy(null))
+        assertTrue(target.canBeSatisfiedBy(TestNetworkSpecifier()))
+        val otherNs = TelephonyNetworkSpecifier.Builder().setSubscriptionId(123).build()
+        assertFalse(target.canBeSatisfiedBy(otherNs))
+        assertTrue(target.canBeSatisfiedBy(TestNetworkSpecifier(intData = 999)))
+        assertFalse(target.canBeSatisfiedBy(TestNetworkSpecifier(intData = 1)))
+        assertFalse(target.canBeSatisfiedBy(TestNetworkSpecifier(stringData = "diff")))
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkStackTest.java b/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkStackTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f8f9c72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkStackTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+public class NetworkStackTest {
+    @Rule
+    public DevSdkIgnoreRule mDevSdkIgnoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
+
+    @Mock private IBinder mConnectorBinder;
+
+    @Before public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testGetService() {
+        NetworkStack.setServiceForTest(mConnectorBinder);
+        assertEquals(NetworkStack.getService(), mConnectorBinder);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkStateSnapshotTest.kt b/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkStateSnapshotTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0dad6a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkStateSnapshotTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net
+
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_NONE
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI
+import android.net.InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI
+import android.os.Build
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.assertParcelingIsLossless
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import java.net.Inet4Address
+import java.net.Inet6Address
+
+private const val TEST_IMSI = "imsi1"
+private const val TEST_SSID = "SSID1"
+private const val TEST_NETID = 123
+
+private val TEST_IPV4_GATEWAY = parseNumericAddress("192.168.222.3") as Inet4Address
+private val TEST_IPV6_GATEWAY = parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1") as Inet6Address
+private val TEST_IPV4_LINKADDR = LinkAddress("192.168.222.123/24")
+private val TEST_IPV6_LINKADDR = LinkAddress("2001:db8::123/64")
+private val TEST_IFACE = "fake0"
+private val TEST_LINK_PROPERTIES = LinkProperties().apply {
+    interfaceName = TEST_IFACE
+    addLinkAddress(TEST_IPV4_LINKADDR)
+    addLinkAddress(TEST_IPV6_LINKADDR)
+
+    // Add default routes
+    addRoute(RouteInfo(IpPrefix(parseNumericAddress("0.0.0.0"), 0), TEST_IPV4_GATEWAY))
+    addRoute(RouteInfo(IpPrefix(parseNumericAddress("::"), 0), TEST_IPV6_GATEWAY))
+}
+
+private val TEST_CAPABILITIES = NetworkCapabilities().apply {
+    addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+    setCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED, false)
+    setCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING, true)
+    setSSID(TEST_SSID)
+}
+
+@SmallTest
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+@ConnectivityModuleTest
+class NetworkStateSnapshotTest {
+
+    @Test
+    fun testParcelUnparcel() {
+        val emptySnapshot = NetworkStateSnapshot(Network(TEST_NETID), NetworkCapabilities(),
+                LinkProperties(), null, TYPE_NONE)
+        val snapshot = NetworkStateSnapshot(
+                Network(TEST_NETID), TEST_CAPABILITIES, TEST_LINK_PROPERTIES, TEST_IMSI, TYPE_WIFI)
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(emptySnapshot)
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(snapshot)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkTest.java b/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c102cb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.net.DatagramSocket;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.SocketException;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+@ConnectivityModuleTest
+public class NetworkTest {
+    final Network mNetwork = new Network(99);
+
+    @Rule
+    public final DevSdkIgnoreRule mIgnoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBindSocketOfInvalidFdThrows() throws Exception {
+
+        final FileDescriptor fd = new FileDescriptor();
+        assertFalse(fd.valid());
+
+        try {
+            mNetwork.bindSocket(fd);
+            fail("SocketException not thrown");
+        } catch (SocketException expected) {}
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBindSocketOfNonSocketFdThrows() throws Exception {
+        final File devNull = new File("/dev/null");
+        assertTrue(devNull.canRead());
+
+        final FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(devNull);
+        assertTrue(null != fis.getFD());
+        assertTrue(fis.getFD().valid());
+
+        try {
+            mNetwork.bindSocket(fis.getFD());
+            fail("SocketException not thrown");
+        } catch (SocketException expected) {}
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Socket cannot bind in instant app mode")
+    public void testBindSocketOfConnectedDatagramSocketThrows() throws Exception {
+        final DatagramSocket mDgramSocket = new DatagramSocket(0, (InetAddress) Inet6Address.ANY);
+        mDgramSocket.connect((InetAddress) Inet6Address.LOOPBACK, 53);
+        assertTrue(mDgramSocket.isConnected());
+
+        try {
+            mNetwork.bindSocket(mDgramSocket);
+            fail("SocketException not thrown");
+        } catch (SocketException expected) {}
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBindSocketOfLocalSocketThrows() throws Exception {
+        final LocalSocket mLocalClient = new LocalSocket();
+        mLocalClient.bind(new LocalSocketAddress("testClient"));
+        assertTrue(mLocalClient.getFileDescriptor().valid());
+
+        try {
+            mNetwork.bindSocket(mLocalClient.getFileDescriptor());
+            fail("SocketException not thrown");
+        } catch (SocketException expected) {}
+
+        final LocalServerSocket mLocalServer = new LocalServerSocket("testServer");
+        mLocalClient.connect(mLocalServer.getLocalSocketAddress());
+        assertTrue(mLocalClient.isConnected());
+
+        try {
+            mNetwork.bindSocket(mLocalClient.getFileDescriptor());
+            fail("SocketException not thrown");
+        } catch (SocketException expected) {}
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testZeroIsObviousForDebugging() {
+        Network zero = new Network(0);
+        assertEquals(0, zero.hashCode());
+        assertEquals(0, zero.getNetworkHandle());
+        assertEquals("0", zero.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetNetworkHandle() {
+        Network one = new Network(1);
+        Network two = new Network(2);
+        Network three = new Network(3);
+
+        // None of the hashcodes are zero.
+        assertNotEquals(0, one.hashCode());
+        assertNotEquals(0, two.hashCode());
+        assertNotEquals(0, three.hashCode());
+
+        // All the hashcodes are distinct.
+        assertNotEquals(one.hashCode(), two.hashCode());
+        assertNotEquals(one.hashCode(), three.hashCode());
+        assertNotEquals(two.hashCode(), three.hashCode());
+
+        // None of the handles are zero.
+        assertNotEquals(0, one.getNetworkHandle());
+        assertNotEquals(0, two.getNetworkHandle());
+        assertNotEquals(0, three.getNetworkHandle());
+
+        // All the handles are distinct.
+        assertNotEquals(one.getNetworkHandle(), two.getNetworkHandle());
+        assertNotEquals(one.getNetworkHandle(), three.getNetworkHandle());
+        assertNotEquals(two.getNetworkHandle(), three.getNetworkHandle());
+
+        // The handles are not equal to the hashcodes.
+        assertNotEquals(one.hashCode(), one.getNetworkHandle());
+        assertNotEquals(two.hashCode(), two.getNetworkHandle());
+        assertNotEquals(three.hashCode(), three.getNetworkHandle());
+
+        // Adjust as necessary to test an implementation's specific constants.
+        // When running with runtest, "adb logcat -s TestRunner" can be useful.
+        assertEquals(7700664333L, one.getNetworkHandle());
+        assertEquals(11995631629L, two.getNetworkHandle());
+        assertEquals(16290598925L, three.getNetworkHandle());
+    }
+
+    // getNetId() did not exist in Q
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testGetNetId() {
+        assertEquals(1234, new Network(1234).getNetId());
+        assertEquals(2345, new Network(2345, true).getNetId());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFromNetworkHandle() {
+        final Network network = new Network(1234);
+        assertEquals(network.netId, Network.fromNetworkHandle(network.getNetworkHandle()).netId);
+    }
+
+    // Parsing private DNS bypassing handle was not supported until S
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testFromNetworkHandlePrivateDnsBypass_S() {
+        final Network network = new Network(1234, true);
+
+        final Network recreatedNetwork = Network.fromNetworkHandle(network.getNetworkHandle());
+        assertEquals(network.netId, recreatedNetwork.netId);
+        assertEquals(network.getNetIdForResolv(), recreatedNetwork.getNetIdForResolv());
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testFromNetworkHandlePrivateDnsBypass_R() {
+        final Network network = new Network(1234, true);
+
+        final Network recreatedNetwork = Network.fromNetworkHandle(network.getNetworkHandle());
+        assertEquals(network.netId, recreatedNetwork.netId);
+        // Until R included, fromNetworkHandle would not parse the private DNS bypass flag
+        assertEquals(network.netId, recreatedNetwork.getNetIdForResolv());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetPrivateDnsBypassingCopy() {
+        final Network copy = mNetwork.getPrivateDnsBypassingCopy();
+        assertEquals(mNetwork.netId, copy.netId);
+        assertNotEquals(copy.netId, copy.getNetIdForResolv());
+        assertNotEquals(mNetwork.getNetIdForResolv(), copy.getNetIdForResolv());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/OemNetworkPreferencesTest.java b/tests/common/java/android/net/OemNetworkPreferencesTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d96f80c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/OemNetworkPreferencesTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertThrows;
+import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils.assertParcelingIsLossless;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import android.os.Build;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+
+@IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@SmallTest
+@ConnectivityModuleTest
+public class OemNetworkPreferencesTest {
+
+    private static final int TEST_PREF = OemNetworkPreferences.OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_UNINITIALIZED;
+    private static final String TEST_PACKAGE = "com.google.apps.contacts";
+
+    private final OemNetworkPreferences.Builder mBuilder = new OemNetworkPreferences.Builder();
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBuilderAddNetworkPreferenceRequiresNonNullPackageName() {
+        assertThrows(NullPointerException.class,
+                () -> mBuilder.addNetworkPreference(null, TEST_PREF));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBuilderRemoveNetworkPreferenceRequiresNonNullPackageName() {
+        assertThrows(NullPointerException.class,
+                () -> mBuilder.clearNetworkPreference(null));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetNetworkPreferenceReturnsCorrectValue() {
+        final int expectedNumberOfMappings = 1;
+        mBuilder.addNetworkPreference(TEST_PACKAGE, TEST_PREF);
+
+        final Map<String, Integer> networkPreferences =
+                mBuilder.build().getNetworkPreferences();
+
+        assertEquals(expectedNumberOfMappings, networkPreferences.size());
+        assertTrue(networkPreferences.containsKey(TEST_PACKAGE));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetNetworkPreferenceReturnsUnmodifiableValue() {
+        final String newPackage = "new.com.google.apps.contacts";
+        mBuilder.addNetworkPreference(TEST_PACKAGE, TEST_PREF);
+
+        final Map<String, Integer> networkPreferences =
+                mBuilder.build().getNetworkPreferences();
+
+        assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
+                () -> networkPreferences.put(newPackage, TEST_PREF));
+
+        assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
+                () -> networkPreferences.remove(TEST_PACKAGE));
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testToStringReturnsCorrectValue() {
+        mBuilder.addNetworkPreference(TEST_PACKAGE, TEST_PREF);
+
+        final String networkPreferencesString = mBuilder.build().getNetworkPreferences().toString();
+
+        assertTrue(networkPreferencesString.contains(Integer.toString(TEST_PREF)));
+        assertTrue(networkPreferencesString.contains(TEST_PACKAGE));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOemNetworkPreferencesParcelable() {
+        mBuilder.addNetworkPreference(TEST_PACKAGE, TEST_PREF);
+
+        final OemNetworkPreferences prefs = mBuilder.build();
+
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(prefs);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAddNetworkPreferenceOverwritesPriorPreference() {
+        final int newPref = OemNetworkPreferences.OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID;
+        mBuilder.addNetworkPreference(TEST_PACKAGE, TEST_PREF);
+        Map<String, Integer> networkPreferences =
+                mBuilder.build().getNetworkPreferences();
+
+        assertTrue(networkPreferences.containsKey(TEST_PACKAGE));
+        assertEquals(networkPreferences.get(TEST_PACKAGE).intValue(), TEST_PREF);
+
+        mBuilder.addNetworkPreference(TEST_PACKAGE, newPref);
+        networkPreferences = mBuilder.build().getNetworkPreferences();
+
+        assertTrue(networkPreferences.containsKey(TEST_PACKAGE));
+        assertEquals(networkPreferences.get(TEST_PACKAGE).intValue(), newPref);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRemoveNetworkPreferenceRemovesValue() {
+        mBuilder.addNetworkPreference(TEST_PACKAGE, TEST_PREF);
+        Map<String, Integer> networkPreferences =
+                mBuilder.build().getNetworkPreferences();
+
+        assertTrue(networkPreferences.containsKey(TEST_PACKAGE));
+
+        mBuilder.clearNetworkPreference(TEST_PACKAGE);
+        networkPreferences = mBuilder.build().getNetworkPreferences();
+
+        assertFalse(networkPreferences.containsKey(TEST_PACKAGE));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConstructorByOemNetworkPreferencesSetsValue() {
+        mBuilder.addNetworkPreference(TEST_PACKAGE, TEST_PREF);
+        OemNetworkPreferences networkPreference = mBuilder.build();
+
+        final Map<String, Integer> networkPreferences =
+                new OemNetworkPreferences
+                        .Builder(networkPreference)
+                        .build()
+                        .getNetworkPreferences();
+
+        assertTrue(networkPreferences.containsKey(TEST_PACKAGE));
+        assertEquals(networkPreferences.get(TEST_PACKAGE).intValue(), TEST_PREF);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/RouteInfoTest.java b/tests/common/java/android/net/RouteInfoTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b28b84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/RouteInfoTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,435 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.net.RouteInfo.RTN_THROW;
+import static android.net.RouteInfo.RTN_UNICAST;
+import static android.net.RouteInfo.RTN_UNREACHABLE;
+
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertEqualBothWays;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertNotEqualEitherWay;
+import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils.assertParcelingIsLossless;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import android.os.Build;
+
+import androidx.core.os.BuildCompat;
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+@ConnectivityModuleTest
+public class RouteInfoTest {
+    @Rule
+    public final DevSdkIgnoreRule ignoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
+
+    private static final int INVALID_ROUTE_TYPE = -1;
+
+    private InetAddress Address(String addr) {
+        return InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(addr);
+    }
+
+    private IpPrefix Prefix(String prefix) {
+        return new IpPrefix(prefix);
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isAtLeastR() {
+        // BuildCompat.isAtLeastR is documented to return false on release SDKs (including R)
+        return Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > Build.VERSION_CODES.Q || BuildCompat.isAtLeastR();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConstructor() {
+        RouteInfo r;
+        // Invalid input.
+        try {
+            r = new RouteInfo((IpPrefix) null, null, "rmnet0");
+            fail("Expected RuntimeException:  destination and gateway null");
+        } catch (RuntimeException e) { }
+
+        try {
+            r = new RouteInfo(Prefix("2001:db8:ace::/49"), Address("2001:db8::1"), "rmnet0",
+                    INVALID_ROUTE_TYPE);
+            fail("Invalid route type should cause exception");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { }
+
+        try {
+            r = new RouteInfo(Prefix("2001:db8:ace::/49"), Address("192.0.2.1"), "rmnet0",
+                    RTN_UNREACHABLE);
+            fail("Address family mismatch should cause exception");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { }
+
+        try {
+            r = new RouteInfo(Prefix("0.0.0.0/0"), Address("2001:db8::1"), "rmnet0",
+                    RTN_UNREACHABLE);
+            fail("Address family mismatch should cause exception");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { }
+
+        // Null destination is default route.
+        r = new RouteInfo((IpPrefix) null, Address("2001:db8::1"), null);
+        assertEquals(Prefix("::/0"), r.getDestination());
+        assertEquals(Address("2001:db8::1"), r.getGateway());
+        assertNull(r.getInterface());
+
+        r = new RouteInfo((IpPrefix) null, Address("192.0.2.1"), "wlan0");
+        assertEquals(Prefix("0.0.0.0/0"), r.getDestination());
+        assertEquals(Address("192.0.2.1"), r.getGateway());
+        assertEquals("wlan0", r.getInterface());
+
+        // Null gateway sets gateway to unspecified address (why?).
+        r = new RouteInfo(Prefix("2001:db8:beef:cafe::/48"), null, "lo");
+        assertEquals(Prefix("2001:db8:beef::/48"), r.getDestination());
+        assertEquals(Address("::"), r.getGateway());
+        assertEquals("lo", r.getInterface());
+
+        r = new RouteInfo(Prefix("192.0.2.5/24"), null);
+        assertEquals(Prefix("192.0.2.0/24"), r.getDestination());
+        assertEquals(Address("0.0.0.0"), r.getGateway());
+        assertNull(r.getInterface());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMatches() {
+        class PatchedRouteInfo {
+            private final RouteInfo mRouteInfo;
+
+            public PatchedRouteInfo(IpPrefix destination, InetAddress gateway, String iface) {
+                mRouteInfo = new RouteInfo(destination, gateway, iface);
+            }
+
+            public boolean matches(InetAddress destination) {
+                return mRouteInfo.matches(destination);
+            }
+        }
+
+        PatchedRouteInfo r;
+
+        r = new PatchedRouteInfo(Prefix("2001:db8:f00::ace:d00d/127"), null, "rmnet0");
+        assertTrue(r.matches(Address("2001:db8:f00::ace:d00c")));
+        assertTrue(r.matches(Address("2001:db8:f00::ace:d00d")));
+        assertFalse(r.matches(Address("2001:db8:f00::ace:d00e")));
+        assertFalse(r.matches(Address("2001:db8:f00::bad:d00d")));
+        assertFalse(r.matches(Address("2001:4868:4860::8888")));
+        assertFalse(r.matches(Address("8.8.8.8")));
+
+        r = new PatchedRouteInfo(Prefix("192.0.2.0/23"), null, "wlan0");
+        assertTrue(r.matches(Address("192.0.2.43")));
+        assertTrue(r.matches(Address("192.0.3.21")));
+        assertFalse(r.matches(Address("192.0.0.21")));
+        assertFalse(r.matches(Address("8.8.8.8")));
+
+        PatchedRouteInfo ipv6Default = new PatchedRouteInfo(Prefix("::/0"), null, "rmnet0");
+        assertTrue(ipv6Default.matches(Address("2001:db8::f00")));
+        assertFalse(ipv6Default.matches(Address("192.0.2.1")));
+
+        PatchedRouteInfo ipv4Default = new PatchedRouteInfo(Prefix("0.0.0.0/0"), null, "rmnet0");
+        assertTrue(ipv4Default.matches(Address("255.255.255.255")));
+        assertTrue(ipv4Default.matches(Address("192.0.2.1")));
+        assertFalse(ipv4Default.matches(Address("2001:db8::f00")));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEquals() {
+        // IPv4
+        RouteInfo r1 = new RouteInfo(Prefix("2001:db8:ace::/48"), Address("2001:db8::1"), "wlan0");
+        RouteInfo r2 = new RouteInfo(Prefix("2001:db8:ace::/48"), Address("2001:db8::1"), "wlan0");
+        assertEqualBothWays(r1, r2);
+
+        RouteInfo r3 = new RouteInfo(Prefix("2001:db8:ace::/49"), Address("2001:db8::1"), "wlan0");
+        RouteInfo r4 = new RouteInfo(Prefix("2001:db8:ace::/48"), Address("2001:db8::2"), "wlan0");
+        RouteInfo r5 = new RouteInfo(Prefix("2001:db8:ace::/48"), Address("2001:db8::1"), "rmnet0");
+        assertNotEqualEitherWay(r1, r3);
+        assertNotEqualEitherWay(r1, r4);
+        assertNotEqualEitherWay(r1, r5);
+
+        // IPv6
+        r1 = new RouteInfo(Prefix("192.0.2.0/25"), Address("192.0.2.1"), "wlan0");
+        r2 = new RouteInfo(Prefix("192.0.2.0/25"), Address("192.0.2.1"), "wlan0");
+        assertEqualBothWays(r1, r2);
+
+        r3 = new RouteInfo(Prefix("192.0.2.0/24"), Address("192.0.2.1"), "wlan0");
+        r4 = new RouteInfo(Prefix("192.0.2.0/25"), Address("192.0.2.2"), "wlan0");
+        r5 = new RouteInfo(Prefix("192.0.2.0/25"), Address("192.0.2.1"), "rmnet0");
+        assertNotEqualEitherWay(r1, r3);
+        assertNotEqualEitherWay(r1, r4);
+        assertNotEqualEitherWay(r1, r5);
+
+        // Interfaces (but not destinations or gateways) can be null.
+        r1 = new RouteInfo(Prefix("192.0.2.0/25"), Address("192.0.2.1"), null);
+        r2 = new RouteInfo(Prefix("192.0.2.0/25"), Address("192.0.2.1"), null);
+        r3 = new RouteInfo(Prefix("192.0.2.0/24"), Address("192.0.2.1"), "wlan0");
+        assertEqualBothWays(r1, r2);
+        assertNotEqualEitherWay(r1, r3);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHostAndDefaultRoutes() {
+        RouteInfo r;
+
+        r = new RouteInfo(Prefix("0.0.0.0/0"), Address("0.0.0.0"), "wlan0");
+        assertFalse(r.isHostRoute());
+        assertTrue(r.isDefaultRoute());
+        assertTrue(r.isIPv4Default());
+        assertFalse(r.isIPv6Default());
+        if (isAtLeastR()) {
+            assertFalse(r.isIPv4UnreachableDefault());
+            assertFalse(r.isIPv6UnreachableDefault());
+        }
+
+        r = new RouteInfo(Prefix("::/0"), Address("::"), "wlan0");
+        assertFalse(r.isHostRoute());
+        assertTrue(r.isDefaultRoute());
+        assertFalse(r.isIPv4Default());
+        assertTrue(r.isIPv6Default());
+        if (isAtLeastR()) {
+            assertFalse(r.isIPv4UnreachableDefault());
+            assertFalse(r.isIPv6UnreachableDefault());
+        }
+
+        r = new RouteInfo(Prefix("192.0.2.0/24"), null, "wlan0");
+        assertFalse(r.isHostRoute());
+        assertFalse(r.isDefaultRoute());
+        assertFalse(r.isIPv4Default());
+        assertFalse(r.isIPv6Default());
+        if (isAtLeastR()) {
+            assertFalse(r.isIPv4UnreachableDefault());
+            assertFalse(r.isIPv6UnreachableDefault());
+        }
+
+        r = new RouteInfo(Prefix("2001:db8::/48"), null, "wlan0");
+        assertFalse(r.isHostRoute());
+        assertFalse(r.isDefaultRoute());
+        assertFalse(r.isIPv4Default());
+        assertFalse(r.isIPv6Default());
+        if (isAtLeastR()) {
+            assertFalse(r.isIPv4UnreachableDefault());
+            assertFalse(r.isIPv6UnreachableDefault());
+        }
+
+        r = new RouteInfo(Prefix("192.0.2.0/32"), Address("0.0.0.0"), "wlan0");
+        assertTrue(r.isHostRoute());
+        assertFalse(r.isDefaultRoute());
+        assertFalse(r.isIPv4Default());
+        assertFalse(r.isIPv6Default());
+        if (isAtLeastR()) {
+            assertFalse(r.isIPv4UnreachableDefault());
+            assertFalse(r.isIPv6UnreachableDefault());
+        }
+
+        r = new RouteInfo(Prefix("2001:db8::/128"), Address("::"), "wlan0");
+        assertTrue(r.isHostRoute());
+        assertFalse(r.isDefaultRoute());
+        assertFalse(r.isIPv4Default());
+        assertFalse(r.isIPv6Default());
+        if (isAtLeastR()) {
+            assertFalse(r.isIPv4UnreachableDefault());
+            assertFalse(r.isIPv6UnreachableDefault());
+        }
+
+        r = new RouteInfo(Prefix("192.0.2.0/32"), null, "wlan0");
+        assertTrue(r.isHostRoute());
+        assertFalse(r.isDefaultRoute());
+        assertFalse(r.isIPv4Default());
+        assertFalse(r.isIPv6Default());
+        if (isAtLeastR()) {
+            assertFalse(r.isIPv4UnreachableDefault());
+            assertFalse(r.isIPv6UnreachableDefault());
+        }
+
+        r = new RouteInfo(Prefix("2001:db8::/128"), null, "wlan0");
+        assertTrue(r.isHostRoute());
+        assertFalse(r.isDefaultRoute());
+        assertFalse(r.isIPv4Default());
+        assertFalse(r.isIPv6Default());
+        if (isAtLeastR()) {
+            assertFalse(r.isIPv4UnreachableDefault());
+            assertFalse(r.isIPv6UnreachableDefault());
+        }
+
+        r = new RouteInfo(Prefix("::/128"), Address("fe80::"), "wlan0");
+        assertTrue(r.isHostRoute());
+        assertFalse(r.isDefaultRoute());
+        assertFalse(r.isIPv4Default());
+        assertFalse(r.isIPv6Default());
+        if (isAtLeastR()) {
+            assertFalse(r.isIPv4UnreachableDefault());
+            assertFalse(r.isIPv6UnreachableDefault());
+        }
+
+        r = new RouteInfo(Prefix("0.0.0.0/32"), Address("192.0.2.1"), "wlan0");
+        assertTrue(r.isHostRoute());
+        assertFalse(r.isDefaultRoute());
+        assertFalse(r.isIPv4Default());
+        assertFalse(r.isIPv6Default());
+        if (isAtLeastR()) {
+            assertFalse(r.isIPv4UnreachableDefault());
+            assertFalse(r.isIPv6UnreachableDefault());
+        }
+
+        r = new RouteInfo(Prefix("0.0.0.0/32"), Address("192.0.2.1"), "wlan0");
+        assertTrue(r.isHostRoute());
+        assertFalse(r.isDefaultRoute());
+        assertFalse(r.isIPv4Default());
+        assertFalse(r.isIPv6Default());
+        if (isAtLeastR()) {
+            assertFalse(r.isIPv4UnreachableDefault());
+            assertFalse(r.isIPv6UnreachableDefault());
+        }
+
+        r = new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet4Address.ANY, 0), RTN_UNREACHABLE);
+        assertFalse(r.isHostRoute());
+        assertFalse(r.isDefaultRoute());
+        assertFalse(r.isIPv4Default());
+        assertFalse(r.isIPv6Default());
+        if (isAtLeastR()) {
+            assertTrue(r.isIPv4UnreachableDefault());
+            assertFalse(r.isIPv6UnreachableDefault());
+        }
+
+        r = new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet6Address.ANY, 0), RTN_UNREACHABLE);
+        assertFalse(r.isHostRoute());
+        assertFalse(r.isDefaultRoute());
+        assertFalse(r.isIPv4Default());
+        assertFalse(r.isIPv6Default());
+        if (isAtLeastR()) {
+            assertFalse(r.isIPv4UnreachableDefault());
+            assertTrue(r.isIPv6UnreachableDefault());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRouteTypes() {
+        RouteInfo r = new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet6Address.ANY, 0), RTN_UNREACHABLE);
+        assertEquals(RTN_UNREACHABLE, r.getType());
+        r = new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet6Address.ANY, 0), RTN_UNICAST);
+        assertEquals(RTN_UNICAST, r.getType());
+        r = new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet6Address.ANY, 0), RTN_THROW);
+        assertEquals(RTN_THROW, r.getType());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTruncation() {
+      LinkAddress l;
+      RouteInfo r;
+
+      l = new LinkAddress("192.0.2.5/30");
+      r = new RouteInfo(l, Address("192.0.2.1"), "wlan0");
+      assertEquals("192.0.2.4", r.getDestination().getAddress().getHostAddress());
+
+      l = new LinkAddress("2001:db8:1:f::5/63");
+      r = new RouteInfo(l, Address("2001:db8:5::1"), "wlan0");
+      assertEquals("2001:db8:1:e::", r.getDestination().getAddress().getHostAddress());
+    }
+
+    // Make sure that creating routes to multicast addresses doesn't throw an exception. Even though
+    // there's nothing we can do with them, we don't want to crash if, e.g., someone calls
+    // requestRouteToHostAddress("230.0.0.0", MOBILE_HIPRI);
+    @Test
+    public void testMulticastRoute() {
+      RouteInfo r;
+      r = new RouteInfo(Prefix("230.0.0.0/32"), Address("192.0.2.1"), "wlan0");
+      r = new RouteInfo(Prefix("ff02::1/128"), Address("2001:db8::1"), "wlan0");
+      // No exceptions? Good.
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParceling() {
+        RouteInfo r;
+        r = new RouteInfo(Prefix("192.0.2.0/24"), Address("192.0.2.1"), null);
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(r);
+        r = new RouteInfo(Prefix("192.0.2.0/24"), null, "wlan0");
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(r);
+        r = new RouteInfo(Prefix("192.0.2.0/24"), Address("192.0.2.1"), "wlan0", RTN_UNREACHABLE);
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(r);
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testMtuParceling() {
+        final RouteInfo r = new RouteInfo(Prefix("ff02::1/128"), Address("2001:db8::"), "testiface",
+                RTN_UNREACHABLE, 1450 /* mtu */);
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(r);
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testMtu() {
+        RouteInfo r;
+        r = new RouteInfo(Prefix("0.0.0.0/0"), Address("0.0.0.0"), "wlan0",
+                RouteInfo.RTN_UNICAST, 1500);
+        assertEquals(1500, r.getMtu());
+
+        r = new RouteInfo(Prefix("0.0.0.0/0"), Address("0.0.0.0"), "wlan0");
+        assertEquals(0, r.getMtu());
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testRouteKey() {
+        RouteInfo.RouteKey k1, k2;
+        // Only prefix, null gateway and null interface
+        k1 = new RouteInfo(Prefix("2001:db8::/128"), null).getRouteKey();
+        k2 = new RouteInfo(Prefix("2001:db8::/128"), null).getRouteKey();
+        assertEquals(k1, k2);
+        assertEquals(k1.hashCode(), k2.hashCode());
+
+        // With prefix, gateway and interface. Type and MTU does not affect RouteKey equality
+        k1 = new RouteInfo(Prefix("192.0.2.0/24"), Address("192.0.2.1"), "wlan0",
+                RTN_UNREACHABLE, 1450).getRouteKey();
+        k2 = new RouteInfo(Prefix("192.0.2.0/24"), Address("192.0.2.1"), "wlan0",
+                RouteInfo.RTN_UNICAST, 1400).getRouteKey();
+        assertEquals(k1, k2);
+        assertEquals(k1.hashCode(), k2.hashCode());
+
+        // Different scope IDs are ignored by the kernel, so we consider them equal here too.
+        k1 = new RouteInfo(Prefix("2001:db8::/64"), Address("fe80::1%1"), "wlan0").getRouteKey();
+        k2 = new RouteInfo(Prefix("2001:db8::/64"), Address("fe80::1%2"), "wlan0").getRouteKey();
+        assertEquals(k1, k2);
+        assertEquals(k1.hashCode(), k2.hashCode());
+
+        // Different prefix
+        k1 = new RouteInfo(Prefix("192.0.2.0/24"), null).getRouteKey();
+        k2 = new RouteInfo(Prefix("192.0.3.0/24"), null).getRouteKey();
+        assertNotEquals(k1, k2);
+
+        // Different gateway
+        k1 = new RouteInfo(Prefix("ff02::1/128"), Address("2001:db8::1"), null).getRouteKey();
+        k2 = new RouteInfo(Prefix("ff02::1/128"), Address("2001:db8::2"), null).getRouteKey();
+        assertNotEquals(k1, k2);
+
+        // Different interface
+        k1 = new RouteInfo(Prefix("ff02::1/128"), null, "tun0").getRouteKey();
+        k2 = new RouteInfo(Prefix("ff02::1/128"), null, "tun1").getRouteKey();
+        assertNotEquals(k1, k2);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/TcpKeepalivePacketDataTest.kt b/tests/common/java/android/net/TcpKeepalivePacketDataTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..063ea23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/TcpKeepalivePacketDataTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net
+
+import android.net.InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress
+import android.os.Build
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.assertParcelingIsLossless
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import java.net.InetAddress
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertNotEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R) // TcpKeepalivePacketData added to SDK in S
+class TcpKeepalivePacketDataTest {
+    private fun makeData(
+        srcAddress: InetAddress = parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.123"),
+        srcPort: Int = 1234,
+        dstAddress: InetAddress = parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.231"),
+        dstPort: Int = 4321,
+        data: ByteArray = byteArrayOf(1, 2, 3),
+        tcpSeq: Int = 135,
+        tcpAck: Int = 246,
+        tcpWnd: Int = 1234,
+        tcpWndScale: Int = 2,
+        ipTos: Int = 0x12,
+        ipTtl: Int = 10
+    ) = TcpKeepalivePacketData(srcAddress, srcPort, dstAddress, dstPort, data, tcpSeq, tcpAck,
+            tcpWnd, tcpWndScale, ipTos, ipTtl)
+
+    @Test
+    fun testEquals() {
+        val data1 = makeData()
+        val data2 = makeData()
+        assertEquals(data1, data2)
+        assertEquals(data1.hashCode(), data2.hashCode())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testNotEquals() {
+        assertNotEquals(makeData(srcAddress = parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.124")), makeData())
+        assertNotEquals(makeData(srcPort = 1235), makeData())
+        assertNotEquals(makeData(dstAddress = parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.232")), makeData())
+        assertNotEquals(makeData(dstPort = 4322), makeData())
+        // .equals does not test .packet, as it should be generated from the other fields
+        assertNotEquals(makeData(tcpSeq = 136), makeData())
+        assertNotEquals(makeData(tcpAck = 247), makeData())
+        assertNotEquals(makeData(tcpWnd = 1235), makeData())
+        assertNotEquals(makeData(tcpWndScale = 3), makeData())
+        assertNotEquals(makeData(ipTos = 0x14), makeData())
+        assertNotEquals(makeData(ipTtl = 11), makeData())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testParcelUnparcel() {
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(makeData()) { a, b ->
+            // .equals() does not verify .packet
+            a == b && a.packet contentEquals b.packet
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testToString() {
+        val data = makeData()
+        val str = data.toString()
+
+        assertTrue(str.contains(data.srcAddress.hostAddress))
+        assertTrue(str.contains(data.srcPort.toString()))
+        assertTrue(str.contains(data.dstAddress.hostAddress))
+        assertTrue(str.contains(data.dstPort.toString()))
+        // .packet not included in toString()
+        assertTrue(str.contains(data.getTcpSeq().toString()))
+        assertTrue(str.contains(data.getTcpAck().toString()))
+        assertTrue(str.contains(data.getTcpWindow().toString()))
+        assertTrue(str.contains(data.getTcpWindowScale().toString()))
+        assertTrue(str.contains(data.getIpTos().toString()))
+        assertTrue(str.contains(data.getIpTtl().toString()))
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/UidRangeTest.java b/tests/common/java/android/net/UidRangeTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d46fdc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/UidRangeTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.os.UserHandle.MIN_SECONDARY_USER_ID;
+import static android.os.UserHandle.SYSTEM;
+import static android.os.UserHandle.USER_SYSTEM;
+import static android.os.UserHandle.getUid;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.util.Set;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+@ConnectivityModuleTest
+public class UidRangeTest {
+
+    /*
+     * UidRange is no longer passed to netd. UID ranges between the framework and netd are passed as
+     * UidRangeParcel objects.
+     */
+
+    @Rule
+    public final DevSdkIgnoreRule mIgnoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSingleItemUidRangeAllowed() {
+        new UidRange(123, 123);
+        new UidRange(0, 0);
+        new UidRange(Integer.MAX_VALUE, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNegativeUidsDisallowed() {
+        try {
+            new UidRange(-2, 100);
+            fail("Exception not thrown for negative start UID");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+        }
+
+        try {
+            new UidRange(-200, -100);
+            fail("Exception not thrown for negative stop UID");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStopLessThanStartDisallowed() {
+        final int x = 4195000;
+        try {
+            new UidRange(x, x - 1);
+            fail("Exception not thrown for negative-length UID range");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetStartAndEndUser() throws Exception {
+        final UidRange uidRangeOfPrimaryUser = new UidRange(
+                getUid(USER_SYSTEM, 10000), getUid(USER_SYSTEM, 10100));
+        final UidRange uidRangeOfSecondaryUser = new UidRange(
+                getUid(MIN_SECONDARY_USER_ID, 10000), getUid(MIN_SECONDARY_USER_ID, 10100));
+        assertEquals(USER_SYSTEM, uidRangeOfPrimaryUser.getStartUser());
+        assertEquals(USER_SYSTEM, uidRangeOfPrimaryUser.getEndUser());
+        assertEquals(MIN_SECONDARY_USER_ID, uidRangeOfSecondaryUser.getStartUser());
+        assertEquals(MIN_SECONDARY_USER_ID, uidRangeOfSecondaryUser.getEndUser());
+
+        final UidRange uidRangeForDifferentUsers = new UidRange(
+                getUid(USER_SYSTEM, 10000), getUid(MIN_SECONDARY_USER_ID, 10100));
+        assertEquals(USER_SYSTEM, uidRangeOfPrimaryUser.getStartUser());
+        assertEquals(MIN_SECONDARY_USER_ID, uidRangeOfSecondaryUser.getEndUser());
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testCreateForUser() throws Exception {
+        final UidRange uidRangeOfPrimaryUser = UidRange.createForUser(SYSTEM);
+        final UidRange uidRangeOfSecondaryUser = UidRange.createForUser(
+                UserHandle.of(USER_SYSTEM + 1));
+        assertTrue(uidRangeOfPrimaryUser.stop < uidRangeOfSecondaryUser.start);
+        assertEquals(USER_SYSTEM, uidRangeOfPrimaryUser.getStartUser());
+        assertEquals(USER_SYSTEM, uidRangeOfPrimaryUser.getEndUser());
+        assertEquals(USER_SYSTEM + 1, uidRangeOfSecondaryUser.getStartUser());
+        assertEquals(USER_SYSTEM + 1, uidRangeOfSecondaryUser.getEndUser());
+    }
+
+    private static void assertSameUids(@NonNull final String msg, @Nullable final Set<UidRange> s1,
+            @Nullable final Set<UidRange> s2) {
+        assertTrue(msg + " : " + s1 + " unexpectedly different from " + s2,
+                UidRange.hasSameUids(s1, s2));
+    }
+
+    private static void assertDifferentUids(@NonNull final String msg,
+            @Nullable final Set<UidRange> s1, @Nullable final Set<UidRange> s2) {
+        assertFalse(msg + " : " + s1 + " unexpectedly equal to " + s2,
+                UidRange.hasSameUids(s1, s2));
+    }
+
+    // R doesn't have UidRange.hasSameUids, but since S has the module, it does have hasSameUids.
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testHasSameUids() {
+        final UidRange uids1 = new UidRange(1, 100);
+        final UidRange uids2 = new UidRange(3, 300);
+        final UidRange uids3 = new UidRange(1, 1000);
+        final UidRange uids4 = new UidRange(800, 1000);
+
+        assertSameUids("null <=> null", null, null);
+        final Set<UidRange> set1 = new ArraySet<>();
+        assertDifferentUids("empty <=> null", set1, null);
+        final Set<UidRange> set2 = new ArraySet<>();
+        set1.add(uids1);
+        assertDifferentUids("uids1 <=> null", set1, null);
+        assertDifferentUids("null <=> uids1", null, set1);
+        assertDifferentUids("uids1 <=> empty", set1, set2);
+        set2.add(uids1);
+        assertSameUids("uids1 <=> uids1", set1, set2);
+        set1.add(uids2);
+        assertDifferentUids("uids1,2 <=> uids1", set1, set2);
+        set1.add(uids3);
+        assertDifferentUids("uids1,2,3 <=> uids1", set1, set2);
+        set2.add(uids3);
+        assertDifferentUids("uids1,2,3 <=> uids1,3", set1, set2);
+        set2.add(uids2);
+        assertSameUids("uids1,2,3 <=> uids1,2,3", set1, set2);
+        set1.remove(uids2);
+        assertDifferentUids("uids1,3 <=> uids1,2,3", set1, set2);
+        set1.add(uids4);
+        assertDifferentUids("uids1,3,4 <=> uids1,2,3", set1, set2);
+        set2.add(uids4);
+        assertDifferentUids("uids1,3,4 <=> uids1,2,3,4", set1, set2);
+        assertDifferentUids("uids1,3,4 <=> null", set1, null);
+        set2.remove(uids2);
+        assertSameUids("uids1,3,4 <=> uids1,3,4", set1, set2);
+        set2.remove(uids1);
+        assertDifferentUids("uids1,3,4 <=> uids3,4", set1, set2);
+        set2.remove(uids3);
+        assertDifferentUids("uids1,3,4 <=> uids4", set1, set2);
+        set2.remove(uids4);
+        assertDifferentUids("uids1,3,4 <=> empty", set1, set2);
+        assertDifferentUids("null <=> empty", null, set2);
+        assertSameUids("empty <=> empty", set2, new ArraySet<>());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/UnderlyingNetworkInfoTest.kt b/tests/common/java/android/net/UnderlyingNetworkInfoTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a041c4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/UnderlyingNetworkInfoTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net
+
+import android.os.Build
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.assertParcelingIsLossless
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+
+private const val TEST_OWNER_UID = 123
+private const val TEST_IFACE = "test_tun0"
+private val TEST_IFACE_LIST = listOf("wlan0", "rmnet_data0", "eth0")
+
+@SmallTest
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+@ConnectivityModuleTest
+class UnderlyingNetworkInfoTest {
+    @Test
+    fun testParcelUnparcel() {
+        val testInfo = UnderlyingNetworkInfo(TEST_OWNER_UID, TEST_IFACE, TEST_IFACE_LIST)
+        assertEquals(TEST_OWNER_UID, testInfo.getOwnerUid())
+        assertEquals(TEST_IFACE, testInfo.getInterface())
+        assertEquals(TEST_IFACE_LIST, testInfo.getUnderlyingInterfaces())
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(testInfo)
+
+        val emptyInfo = UnderlyingNetworkInfo(0, String(), listOf())
+        assertEquals(0, emptyInfo.getOwnerUid())
+        assertEquals(String(), emptyInfo.getInterface())
+        assertEquals(listOf(), emptyInfo.getUnderlyingInterfaces())
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(emptyInfo)
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/apf/ApfCapabilitiesTest.java b/tests/common/java/android/net/apf/ApfCapabilitiesTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa4adcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/apf/ApfCapabilitiesTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.apf;
+
+import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils.assertParcelingIsLossless;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.os.Build;
+
+import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public class ApfCapabilitiesTest {
+    @Rule
+    public final DevSdkIgnoreRule mIgnoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
+
+    private Context mContext;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() {
+        mContext = InstrumentationRegistry.getContext();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConstructAndParcel() {
+        final ApfCapabilities caps = new ApfCapabilities(123, 456, 789);
+        assertEquals(123, caps.apfVersionSupported);
+        assertEquals(456, caps.maximumApfProgramSize);
+        assertEquals(789, caps.apfPacketFormat);
+
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(caps);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEquals() {
+        assertEquals(new ApfCapabilities(1, 2, 3), new ApfCapabilities(1, 2, 3));
+        assertNotEquals(new ApfCapabilities(2, 2, 3), new ApfCapabilities(1, 2, 3));
+        assertNotEquals(new ApfCapabilities(1, 3, 3), new ApfCapabilities(1, 2, 3));
+        assertNotEquals(new ApfCapabilities(1, 2, 4), new ApfCapabilities(1, 2, 3));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHasDataAccess() {
+        //hasDataAccess is only supported starting at apf version 4.
+        ApfCapabilities caps = new ApfCapabilities(1 /* apfVersionSupported */, 2, 3);
+        assertFalse(caps.hasDataAccess());
+
+        caps = new ApfCapabilities(4 /* apfVersionSupported */, 5, 6);
+        assertTrue(caps.hasDataAccess());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetApfDrop8023Frames() {
+        // Get com.android.internal.R.bool.config_apfDrop802_3Frames. The test cannot directly
+        // use R.bool.config_apfDrop802_3Frames because that is not a stable resource ID.
+        final int resId = mContext.getResources().getIdentifier("config_apfDrop802_3Frames",
+                "bool", "android");
+        final boolean shouldDrop8023Frames = mContext.getResources().getBoolean(resId);
+        final boolean actual = ApfCapabilities.getApfDrop8023Frames();
+        assertEquals(shouldDrop8023Frames, actual);
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testGetApfDrop8023Frames_S() {
+        // IpClient does not call getApfDrop8023Frames() since S, so any customization of the return
+        // value on S+ is a configuration error as it will not be used by IpClient.
+        assertTrue("android.R.bool.config_apfDrop802_3Frames has been modified to false, but "
+                + "starting from S its value is not used by IpClient. If the modification is "
+                + "intentional, use a runtime resource overlay for the NetworkStack package to "
+                + "overlay com.android.networkstack.R.bool.config_apfDrop802_3Frames instead.",
+                ApfCapabilities.getApfDrop8023Frames());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetApfEtherTypeBlackList() {
+        // Get com.android.internal.R.array.config_apfEthTypeBlackList. The test cannot directly
+        // use R.array.config_apfEthTypeBlackList because that is not a stable resource ID.
+        final int resId = mContext.getResources().getIdentifier("config_apfEthTypeBlackList",
+                "array", "android");
+        final int[] blacklistedEtherTypeArray = mContext.getResources().getIntArray(resId);
+        final int[] actual = ApfCapabilities.getApfEtherTypeBlackList();
+        assertNotNull(actual);
+        assertTrue(Arrays.equals(blacklistedEtherTypeArray, actual));
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testGetApfEtherTypeBlackList_S() {
+        // IpClient does not call getApfEtherTypeBlackList() since S, so any customization of the
+        // return value on S+ is a configuration error as it will not be used by IpClient.
+        assertArrayEquals("android.R.array.config_apfEthTypeBlackList has been modified, but "
+                        + "starting from S its value is not used by IpClient. If the modification "
+                        + "is intentional, use a runtime resource overlay for the NetworkStack "
+                        + "package to overlay "
+                        + "com.android.networkstack.R.array.config_apfEthTypeDenyList instead.",
+                new int[] { 0x88a2, 0x88a4, 0x88b8, 0x88cd, 0x88e3 },
+                ApfCapabilities.getApfEtherTypeBlackList());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/metrics/ApfProgramEventTest.kt b/tests/common/java/android/net/metrics/ApfProgramEventTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c175da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/metrics/ApfProgramEventTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.metrics;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
+import com.android.testutils.assertParcelingIsLossless
+import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
+import org.junit.Assert.assertFalse
+import org.junit.Assert.assertTrue
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+@SmallTest
+class ApfProgramEventTest {
+    private infix fun Int.hasFlag(flag: Int) = (this and (1 shl flag)) != 0
+
+    @Test
+    fun testBuilderAndParcel() {
+        val apfProgramEvent = ApfProgramEvent.Builder()
+                .setLifetime(1)
+                .setActualLifetime(2)
+                .setFilteredRas(3)
+                .setCurrentRas(4)
+                .setProgramLength(5)
+                .setFlags(true, true)
+                .build()
+
+        assertEquals(1, apfProgramEvent.lifetime)
+        assertEquals(2, apfProgramEvent.actualLifetime)
+        assertEquals(3, apfProgramEvent.filteredRas)
+        assertEquals(4, apfProgramEvent.currentRas)
+        assertEquals(5, apfProgramEvent.programLength)
+        assertEquals(ApfProgramEvent.flagsFor(true, true), apfProgramEvent.flags)
+
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(apfProgramEvent)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testFlagsFor() {
+        var flags = ApfProgramEvent.flagsFor(false, false)
+        assertFalse(flags hasFlag ApfProgramEvent.FLAG_HAS_IPV4_ADDRESS)
+        assertFalse(flags hasFlag ApfProgramEvent.FLAG_MULTICAST_FILTER_ON)
+
+        flags = ApfProgramEvent.flagsFor(true, false)
+        assertTrue(flags hasFlag ApfProgramEvent.FLAG_HAS_IPV4_ADDRESS)
+        assertFalse(flags hasFlag ApfProgramEvent.FLAG_MULTICAST_FILTER_ON)
+
+        flags = ApfProgramEvent.flagsFor(false, true)
+        assertFalse(flags hasFlag ApfProgramEvent.FLAG_HAS_IPV4_ADDRESS)
+        assertTrue(flags hasFlag ApfProgramEvent.FLAG_MULTICAST_FILTER_ON)
+
+        flags = ApfProgramEvent.flagsFor(true, true)
+        assertTrue(flags hasFlag ApfProgramEvent.FLAG_HAS_IPV4_ADDRESS)
+        assertTrue(flags hasFlag ApfProgramEvent.FLAG_MULTICAST_FILTER_ON)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/metrics/ApfStatsTest.kt b/tests/common/java/android/net/metrics/ApfStatsTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..610e674
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/metrics/ApfStatsTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.metrics
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
+import com.android.testutils.assertParcelingIsLossless
+import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+@SmallTest
+class ApfStatsTest {
+    @Test
+    fun testBuilderAndParcel() {
+        val apfStats = ApfStats.Builder()
+                .setDurationMs(Long.MAX_VALUE)
+                .setReceivedRas(1)
+                .setMatchingRas(2)
+                .setDroppedRas(3)
+                .setZeroLifetimeRas(4)
+                .setParseErrors(5)
+                .setProgramUpdates(6)
+                .setProgramUpdatesAll(7)
+                .setProgramUpdatesAllowingMulticast(8)
+                .setMaxProgramSize(9)
+                .build()
+
+        assertEquals(Long.MAX_VALUE, apfStats.durationMs)
+        assertEquals(1, apfStats.receivedRas)
+        assertEquals(2, apfStats.matchingRas)
+        assertEquals(3, apfStats.droppedRas)
+        assertEquals(4, apfStats.zeroLifetimeRas)
+        assertEquals(5, apfStats.parseErrors)
+        assertEquals(6, apfStats.programUpdates)
+        assertEquals(7, apfStats.programUpdatesAll)
+        assertEquals(8, apfStats.programUpdatesAllowingMulticast)
+        assertEquals(9, apfStats.maxProgramSize)
+
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(apfStats)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/metrics/DhcpClientEventTest.kt b/tests/common/java/android/net/metrics/DhcpClientEventTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c70e11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/metrics/DhcpClientEventTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.metrics
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
+import com.android.testutils.assertParcelingIsLossless
+import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+
+private const val FAKE_MESSAGE = "test"
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+@SmallTest
+class DhcpClientEventTest {
+    @Test
+    fun testBuilderAndParcel() {
+        val dhcpClientEvent = DhcpClientEvent.Builder()
+                .setMsg(FAKE_MESSAGE)
+                .setDurationMs(Integer.MAX_VALUE)
+                .build()
+
+        assertEquals(FAKE_MESSAGE, dhcpClientEvent.msg)
+        assertEquals(Integer.MAX_VALUE, dhcpClientEvent.durationMs)
+
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(dhcpClientEvent)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/metrics/DhcpErrorEventTest.kt b/tests/common/java/android/net/metrics/DhcpErrorEventTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..236f72e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/metrics/DhcpErrorEventTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+package android.net.metrics
+
+import android.net.metrics.DhcpErrorEvent.DHCP_INVALID_OPTION_LENGTH
+import android.net.metrics.DhcpErrorEvent.errorCodeWithOption
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
+import com.android.testutils.parcelingRoundTrip
+import java.lang.reflect.Modifier
+import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
+import org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull
+import org.junit.Assert.assertTrue
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+
+private const val TEST_ERROR_CODE = 12345
+//DHCP Optional Type: DHCP Subnet Mask (Copy from DhcpPacket.java due to it's protected)
+private const val DHCP_SUBNET_MASK = 1
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+@SmallTest
+class DhcpErrorEventTest {
+
+    @Test
+    fun testConstructor() {
+        val event = DhcpErrorEvent(TEST_ERROR_CODE)
+        assertEquals(TEST_ERROR_CODE, event.errorCode)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testParcelUnparcel() {
+        val event = DhcpErrorEvent(TEST_ERROR_CODE)
+        val parceled = parcelingRoundTrip(event)
+        assertEquals(TEST_ERROR_CODE, parceled.errorCode)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testErrorCodeWithOption() {
+        val errorCode = errorCodeWithOption(DHCP_INVALID_OPTION_LENGTH, DHCP_SUBNET_MASK);
+        assertTrue((DHCP_INVALID_OPTION_LENGTH and errorCode) == DHCP_INVALID_OPTION_LENGTH);
+        assertTrue((DHCP_SUBNET_MASK and errorCode) == DHCP_SUBNET_MASK);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testToString() {
+        val names = listOf("L2_ERROR", "L3_ERROR", "L4_ERROR", "DHCP_ERROR", "MISC_ERROR")
+        val errorFields = DhcpErrorEvent::class.java.declaredFields.filter {
+            it.type == Int::class.javaPrimitiveType
+                    && Modifier.isPublic(it.modifiers) && Modifier.isStatic(it.modifiers)
+                    && it.name !in names
+        }
+
+        errorFields.forEach {
+            val intValue = it.getInt(null)
+            val stringValue = DhcpErrorEvent(intValue).toString()
+            assertTrue("Invalid string for error 0x%08X (field %s): %s".format(intValue, it.name,
+                    stringValue),
+                    stringValue.contains(it.name))
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testToString_InvalidErrorCode() {
+        assertNotNull(DhcpErrorEvent(TEST_ERROR_CODE).toString())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/metrics/IpConnectivityLogTest.java b/tests/common/java/android/net/metrics/IpConnectivityLogTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab97f2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/metrics/IpConnectivityLogTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.metrics;
+
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.unpackBits;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.timeout;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+
+import android.net.ConnectivityMetricsEvent;
+import android.net.IIpConnectivityMetrics;
+import android.net.Network;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public class IpConnectivityLogTest {
+    private static final int FAKE_NET_ID = 100;
+    private static final int[] FAKE_TRANSPORT_TYPES = unpackBits(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+    private static final long FAKE_TIME_STAMP = System.currentTimeMillis();
+    private static final String FAKE_INTERFACE_NAME = "test";
+    private static final IpReachabilityEvent FAKE_EV =
+            new IpReachabilityEvent(IpReachabilityEvent.NUD_FAILED);
+
+    @Mock IIpConnectivityMetrics mMockService;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLoggingEvents() throws Exception {
+        IpConnectivityLog logger = new IpConnectivityLog(mMockService);
+
+        assertTrue(logger.log(FAKE_EV));
+        assertTrue(logger.log(FAKE_TIME_STAMP, FAKE_EV));
+        assertTrue(logger.log(FAKE_NET_ID, FAKE_TRANSPORT_TYPES, FAKE_EV));
+        assertTrue(logger.log(new Network(FAKE_NET_ID), FAKE_TRANSPORT_TYPES, FAKE_EV));
+        assertTrue(logger.log(FAKE_INTERFACE_NAME, FAKE_EV));
+        assertTrue(logger.log(makeExpectedEvent(FAKE_TIME_STAMP, FAKE_NET_ID, TRANSPORT_WIFI,
+                FAKE_INTERFACE_NAME)));
+
+        List<ConnectivityMetricsEvent> got = verifyEvents(6);
+        assertEventsEqual(makeExpectedEvent(got.get(0).timestamp, 0, 0, null), got.get(0));
+        assertEventsEqual(makeExpectedEvent(FAKE_TIME_STAMP, 0, 0, null), got.get(1));
+        assertEventsEqual(makeExpectedEvent(got.get(2).timestamp, FAKE_NET_ID,
+                TRANSPORT_WIFI, null), got.get(2));
+        assertEventsEqual(makeExpectedEvent(got.get(3).timestamp, FAKE_NET_ID,
+                TRANSPORT_WIFI, null), got.get(3));
+        assertEventsEqual(makeExpectedEvent(got.get(4).timestamp, 0, 0, FAKE_INTERFACE_NAME),
+                got.get(4));
+        assertEventsEqual(makeExpectedEvent(FAKE_TIME_STAMP, FAKE_NET_ID,
+                TRANSPORT_WIFI, FAKE_INTERFACE_NAME), got.get(5));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLoggingEventsWithMultipleCallers() throws Exception {
+        IpConnectivityLog logger = new IpConnectivityLog(mMockService);
+
+        final int nCallers = 10;
+        final int nEvents = 10;
+        for (int n = 0; n < nCallers; n++) {
+            final int i = n;
+            new Thread() {
+                public void run() {
+                    for (int j = 0; j < nEvents; j++) {
+                        assertTrue(logger.log(makeExpectedEvent(
+                                FAKE_TIME_STAMP + i * 100 + j,
+                                FAKE_NET_ID + i * 100 + j,
+                                ((i + j) % 2 == 0) ? TRANSPORT_WIFI : TRANSPORT_CELLULAR,
+                                FAKE_INTERFACE_NAME)));
+                    }
+                }
+            }.start();
+        }
+
+        List<ConnectivityMetricsEvent> got = verifyEvents(nCallers * nEvents, 200);
+        Collections.sort(got, EVENT_COMPARATOR);
+        Iterator<ConnectivityMetricsEvent> iter = got.iterator();
+        for (int i = 0; i < nCallers; i++) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < nEvents; j++) {
+                final long expectedTimestamp = FAKE_TIME_STAMP + i * 100 + j;
+                final int expectedNetId = FAKE_NET_ID + i * 100 + j;
+                final long expectedTransports =
+                        ((i + j) % 2 == 0) ? TRANSPORT_WIFI : TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
+                assertEventsEqual(makeExpectedEvent(expectedTimestamp, expectedNetId,
+                        expectedTransports, FAKE_INTERFACE_NAME), iter.next());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private List<ConnectivityMetricsEvent> verifyEvents(int n, int timeoutMs) throws Exception {
+        ArgumentCaptor<ConnectivityMetricsEvent> captor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(ConnectivityMetricsEvent.class);
+        verify(mMockService, timeout(timeoutMs).times(n)).logEvent(captor.capture());
+        return captor.getAllValues();
+    }
+
+    private List<ConnectivityMetricsEvent> verifyEvents(int n) throws Exception {
+        return verifyEvents(n, 10);
+    }
+
+
+    private ConnectivityMetricsEvent makeExpectedEvent(long timestamp, int netId, long transports,
+            String ifname) {
+        ConnectivityMetricsEvent ev = new ConnectivityMetricsEvent();
+        ev.timestamp = timestamp;
+        ev.data = FAKE_EV;
+        ev.netId = netId;
+        ev.transports = transports;
+        ev.ifname = ifname;
+        return ev;
+    }
+
+    /** Outer equality for ConnectivityMetricsEvent to avoid overriding equals() and hashCode(). */
+    private void assertEventsEqual(ConnectivityMetricsEvent expected,
+            ConnectivityMetricsEvent got) {
+        assertEquals(expected.data, got.data);
+        assertEquals(expected.timestamp, got.timestamp);
+        assertEquals(expected.netId, got.netId);
+        assertEquals(expected.transports, got.transports);
+        assertEquals(expected.ifname, got.ifname);
+    }
+
+    static final Comparator<ConnectivityMetricsEvent> EVENT_COMPARATOR =
+            Comparator.comparingLong((ev) -> ev.timestamp);
+}
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/metrics/IpManagerEventTest.kt b/tests/common/java/android/net/metrics/IpManagerEventTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bb21dca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/metrics/IpManagerEventTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.metrics
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
+import com.android.testutils.assertParcelingIsLossless
+import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+@SmallTest
+class IpManagerEventTest {
+    @Test
+    fun testConstructorAndParcel() {
+        (IpManagerEvent.PROVISIONING_OK..IpManagerEvent.ERROR_INTERFACE_NOT_FOUND).forEach {
+            val ipManagerEvent = IpManagerEvent(it, Long.MAX_VALUE)
+            assertEquals(it, ipManagerEvent.eventType)
+            assertEquals(Long.MAX_VALUE, ipManagerEvent.durationMs)
+
+            assertParcelingIsLossless(ipManagerEvent)
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/metrics/IpReachabilityEventTest.kt b/tests/common/java/android/net/metrics/IpReachabilityEventTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d21b81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/metrics/IpReachabilityEventTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.metrics
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
+import com.android.testutils.assertParcelingIsLossless
+import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+@SmallTest
+class IpReachabilityEventTest {
+    @Test
+    fun testConstructorAndParcel() {
+        (IpReachabilityEvent.PROBE..IpReachabilityEvent.PROVISIONING_LOST_ORGANIC).forEach {
+            val ipReachabilityEvent = IpReachabilityEvent(it)
+            assertEquals(it, ipReachabilityEvent.eventType)
+
+            assertParcelingIsLossless(ipReachabilityEvent)
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/metrics/NetworkEventTest.kt b/tests/common/java/android/net/metrics/NetworkEventTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..17b5e2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/metrics/NetworkEventTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.metrics
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
+import com.android.testutils.assertParcelingIsLossless
+import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+@SmallTest
+class NetworkEventTest {
+    @Test
+    fun testConstructorAndParcel() {
+        (NetworkEvent.NETWORK_CONNECTED..NetworkEvent.NETWORK_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY).forEach {
+            var networkEvent = NetworkEvent(it)
+            assertEquals(it, networkEvent.eventType)
+            assertEquals(0, networkEvent.durationMs)
+
+            networkEvent = NetworkEvent(it, Long.MAX_VALUE)
+            assertEquals(it, networkEvent.eventType)
+            assertEquals(Long.MAX_VALUE, networkEvent.durationMs)
+
+            assertParcelingIsLossless(networkEvent)
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/metrics/RaEventTest.kt b/tests/common/java/android/net/metrics/RaEventTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e9daa0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/metrics/RaEventTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.metrics
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
+import com.android.testutils.assertParcelingIsLossless
+import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+
+private const val NO_LIFETIME: Long = -1L
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+@SmallTest
+class RaEventTest {
+    @Test
+    fun testConstructorAndParcel() {
+        var raEvent = RaEvent.Builder().build()
+        assertEquals(NO_LIFETIME, raEvent.routerLifetime)
+        assertEquals(NO_LIFETIME, raEvent.prefixValidLifetime)
+        assertEquals(NO_LIFETIME, raEvent.prefixPreferredLifetime)
+        assertEquals(NO_LIFETIME, raEvent.routeInfoLifetime)
+        assertEquals(NO_LIFETIME, raEvent.rdnssLifetime)
+        assertEquals(NO_LIFETIME, raEvent.dnsslLifetime)
+
+        raEvent = RaEvent.Builder()
+                .updateRouterLifetime(1)
+                .updatePrefixValidLifetime(2)
+                .updatePrefixPreferredLifetime(3)
+                .updateRouteInfoLifetime(4)
+                .updateRdnssLifetime(5)
+                .updateDnsslLifetime(6)
+                .build()
+        assertEquals(1, raEvent.routerLifetime)
+        assertEquals(2, raEvent.prefixValidLifetime)
+        assertEquals(3, raEvent.prefixPreferredLifetime)
+        assertEquals(4, raEvent.routeInfoLifetime)
+        assertEquals(5, raEvent.rdnssLifetime)
+        assertEquals(6, raEvent.dnsslLifetime)
+
+        raEvent = RaEvent.Builder()
+                .updateRouterLifetime(Long.MIN_VALUE)
+                .updateRouterLifetime(Long.MAX_VALUE)
+                .build()
+        assertEquals(Long.MIN_VALUE, raEvent.routerLifetime)
+
+        raEvent = RaEvent(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
+        assertEquals(1, raEvent.routerLifetime)
+        assertEquals(2, raEvent.prefixValidLifetime)
+        assertEquals(3, raEvent.prefixPreferredLifetime)
+        assertEquals(4, raEvent.routeInfoLifetime)
+        assertEquals(5, raEvent.rdnssLifetime)
+        assertEquals(6, raEvent.dnsslLifetime)
+
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(raEvent)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/metrics/ValidationProbeEventTest.kt b/tests/common/java/android/net/metrics/ValidationProbeEventTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7dfa7e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/metrics/ValidationProbeEventTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.metrics
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
+import com.android.testutils.assertParcelingIsLossless
+import java.lang.reflect.Modifier
+import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
+import org.junit.Assert.assertTrue
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+
+private const val FIRST_VALIDATION: Int = 1 shl 8
+private const val REVALIDATION: Int = 2 shl 8
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+@SmallTest
+class ValidationProbeEventTest {
+    private infix fun Int.hasType(type: Int) = (type and this) == type
+
+    @Test
+    fun testBuilderAndParcel() {
+        var validationProbeEvent = ValidationProbeEvent.Builder()
+                .setProbeType(ValidationProbeEvent.PROBE_DNS, false).build()
+
+        assertTrue(validationProbeEvent.probeType hasType REVALIDATION)
+
+        validationProbeEvent = ValidationProbeEvent.Builder()
+                .setDurationMs(Long.MAX_VALUE)
+                .setProbeType(ValidationProbeEvent.PROBE_DNS, true)
+                .setReturnCode(ValidationProbeEvent.DNS_SUCCESS)
+                .build()
+
+        assertEquals(Long.MAX_VALUE, validationProbeEvent.durationMs)
+        assertTrue(validationProbeEvent.probeType hasType ValidationProbeEvent.PROBE_DNS)
+        assertTrue(validationProbeEvent.probeType hasType FIRST_VALIDATION)
+        assertEquals(ValidationProbeEvent.DNS_SUCCESS, validationProbeEvent.returnCode)
+
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(validationProbeEvent)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetProbeName() {
+        val probeFields = ValidationProbeEvent::class.java.declaredFields.filter {
+            it.type == Int::class.javaPrimitiveType
+              && Modifier.isPublic(it.modifiers) && Modifier.isStatic(it.modifiers)
+              && it.name.contains("PROBE")
+        }
+
+        probeFields.forEach {
+            val intValue = it.getInt(null)
+            val stringValue = ValidationProbeEvent.getProbeName(intValue)
+            assertEquals(it.name, stringValue)
+        }
+
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/netstats/NetworkStatsApiTest.kt b/tests/common/java/android/net/netstats/NetworkStatsApiTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c90b1aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/netstats/NetworkStatsApiTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.netstats
+
+import android.net.NetworkStats
+import android.net.NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO
+import android.net.NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES
+import android.net.NetworkStats.Entry
+import android.net.NetworkStats.IFACE_VT
+import android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_NO
+import android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_YES
+import android.net.NetworkStats.ROAMING_NO
+import android.net.NetworkStats.ROAMING_YES
+import android.net.NetworkStats.SET_DEFAULT
+import android.net.NetworkStats.SET_FOREGROUND
+import android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE
+import android.os.Build
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.assertNetworkStatsEquals
+import com.android.testutils.assertParcelingIsLossless
+import org.junit.Before
+import org.junit.Rule
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.junit.runners.JUnit4
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+
+@RunWith(JUnit4::class)
+@SmallTest
+class NetworkStatsApiTest {
+    @Rule
+    @JvmField
+    val ignoreRule = DevSdkIgnoreRule(ignoreClassUpTo = Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+
+    private val testStatsEmpty = NetworkStats(0L, 0)
+
+    // Note that these variables need to be initialized outside of constructor, initialize
+    // here with methods that don't exist in Q devices will result in crash.
+
+    // stats1 and stats2 will have some entries with common keys, which are expected to
+    // be merged if performing add on these 2 stats.
+    private lateinit var testStats1: NetworkStats
+    private lateinit var testStats2: NetworkStats
+
+    // This is a result of adding stats1 and stats2, while the merging of common key items is
+    // subject to test later, this should not be initialized with for a loop to add stats1
+    // and stats2 above.
+    private lateinit var testStats3: NetworkStats
+
+    companion object {
+        private const val TEST_IFACE = "test0"
+        private const val TEST_UID1 = 1001
+        private const val TEST_UID2 = 1002
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    fun setUp() {
+        testStats1 = NetworkStats(0L, 0)
+                // Entries which only appear in set1.
+                .addEntry(Entry(TEST_IFACE, TEST_UID1, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                        METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 20, 3, 57, 40, 3))
+                .addEntry(Entry(TEST_IFACE, TEST_UID1, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                        METERED_NO, ROAMING_YES, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 31, 7, 24, 5, 8))
+                .addEntry(Entry(TEST_IFACE, TEST_UID1, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                        METERED_YES, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 25, 3, 47, 8, 2))
+                .addEntry(Entry(TEST_IFACE, TEST_UID1, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE,
+                        METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 37, 52, 1, 10, 4))
+                // Entries which are common for set1 and set2.
+                .addEntry(Entry(TEST_IFACE, TEST_UID1, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                        METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 101, 2, 103, 4, 5))
+                .addEntry(Entry(TEST_IFACE, TEST_UID1, SET_DEFAULT, 0x80,
+                        METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 17, 2, 11, 1, 0))
+                .addEntry(Entry(TEST_IFACE, TEST_UID2, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                        METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 40, 1, 0, 0, 8))
+                .addEntry(Entry(IFACE_VT, TEST_UID1, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                        METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 3, 1, 6, 2, 0))
+        assertEquals(8, testStats1.size())
+
+        testStats2 = NetworkStats(0L, 0)
+                // Entries which are common for set1 and set2.
+                .addEntry(Entry(TEST_IFACE, TEST_UID1, SET_DEFAULT, 0x80,
+                        METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 3, 15, 2, 31, 1))
+                .addEntry(Entry(TEST_IFACE, TEST_UID1, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE,
+                        METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 13, 61, 10, 1, 45))
+                .addEntry(Entry(TEST_IFACE, TEST_UID2, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                        METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 11, 2, 3, 4, 7))
+                .addEntry(Entry(IFACE_VT, TEST_UID1, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                        METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0))
+                // Entry which only appears in set2.
+                .addEntry(Entry(IFACE_VT, TEST_UID2, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                        METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 2, 3, 7, 8, 0))
+        assertEquals(5, testStats2.size())
+
+        testStats3 = NetworkStats(0L, 9)
+                // Entries which are unique either in stats1 or stats2.
+                .addEntry(Entry(TEST_IFACE, TEST_UID1, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                        METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 101, 2, 103, 4, 5))
+                .addEntry(Entry(TEST_IFACE, TEST_UID1, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                        METERED_NO, ROAMING_YES, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 31, 7, 24, 5, 8))
+                .addEntry(Entry(TEST_IFACE, TEST_UID1, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                        METERED_YES, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 25, 3, 47, 8, 2))
+                .addEntry(Entry(IFACE_VT, TEST_UID2, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                        METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 2, 3, 7, 8, 0))
+                // Entries which are common for stats1 and stats2 are being merged.
+                .addEntry(Entry(TEST_IFACE, TEST_UID1, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                        METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 20, 3, 57, 40, 3))
+                .addEntry(Entry(TEST_IFACE, TEST_UID1, SET_DEFAULT, 0x80,
+                        METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 20, 17, 13, 32, 1))
+                .addEntry(Entry(TEST_IFACE, TEST_UID1, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE,
+                        METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 50, 113, 11, 11, 49))
+                .addEntry(Entry(TEST_IFACE, TEST_UID2, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                        METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 51, 3, 3, 4, 15))
+                .addEntry(Entry(IFACE_VT, TEST_UID1, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                        METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 7, 4, 8, 3, 0))
+        assertEquals(9, testStats3.size())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testAddEntry() {
+        val expectedEntriesInStats2 = arrayOf(
+                Entry(TEST_IFACE, TEST_UID1, SET_DEFAULT, 0x80,
+                        METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 3, 15, 2, 31, 1),
+                Entry(TEST_IFACE, TEST_UID1, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE,
+                        METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 13, 61, 10, 1, 45),
+                Entry(TEST_IFACE, TEST_UID2, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                        METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 11, 2, 3, 4, 7),
+                Entry(IFACE_VT, TEST_UID1, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                        METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0),
+                Entry(IFACE_VT, TEST_UID2, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                        METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 2, 3, 7, 8, 0))
+
+        // While testStats* are already initialized with addEntry, verify content added
+        // matches expectation.
+        for (i in expectedEntriesInStats2.indices) {
+            val entry = testStats2.getValues(i, null)
+            assertEquals(expectedEntriesInStats2[i], entry)
+        }
+
+        // Verify entry updated with addEntry.
+        val stats = testStats2.addEntry(Entry(IFACE_VT, TEST_UID1, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 12, -5, 7, 0, 9))
+        assertEquals(Entry(IFACE_VT, TEST_UID1, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 16, -2, 9, 1, 9),
+                stats.getValues(3, null))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testAdd() {
+        var stats = NetworkStats(0L, 0)
+        assertNetworkStatsEquals(testStatsEmpty, stats)
+        stats = stats.add(testStats2)
+        assertNetworkStatsEquals(testStats2, stats)
+        stats = stats.add(testStats1)
+        // EMPTY + STATS2 + STATS1 = STATS3
+        assertNetworkStatsEquals(testStats3, stats)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testParcelUnparcel() {
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(testStatsEmpty)
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(testStats1)
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(testStats2)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testDescribeContents() {
+        assertEquals(0, testStatsEmpty.describeContents())
+        assertEquals(0, testStats1.describeContents())
+        assertEquals(0, testStats2.describeContents())
+        assertEquals(0, testStats3.describeContents())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testSubtract() {
+        // STATS3 - STATS2 = STATS1
+        assertNetworkStatsEquals(testStats1, testStats3.subtract(testStats2))
+        // STATS3 - STATS1 = STATS2
+        assertNetworkStatsEquals(testStats2, testStats3.subtract(testStats1))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMethodsDontModifyReceiver() {
+        listOf(testStatsEmpty, testStats1, testStats2, testStats3).forEach {
+            val origStats = it.clone()
+            it.addEntry(Entry(TEST_IFACE, TEST_UID1, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE,
+                    METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 13, 61, 10, 1, 45))
+            it.add(testStats3)
+            it.subtract(testStats1)
+            assertNetworkStatsEquals(origStats, it)
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/netstats/NetworkStatsCollectionTest.kt b/tests/common/java/android/net/netstats/NetworkStatsCollectionTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca0e5ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/netstats/NetworkStatsCollectionTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.netstats
+
+import android.net.NetworkIdentitySet
+import android.net.NetworkStatsCollection
+import android.net.NetworkStatsHistory
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.SC_V2
+import org.junit.Rule
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.junit.runners.JUnit4
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.fail
+
+@ConnectivityModuleTest
+@RunWith(JUnit4::class)
+@SmallTest
+class NetworkStatsCollectionTest {
+    @Rule
+    @JvmField
+    val ignoreRule = DevSdkIgnoreRule(ignoreClassUpTo = SC_V2)
+
+    @Test
+    fun testBuilder() {
+        val ident = NetworkIdentitySet()
+        val key1 = NetworkStatsCollection.Key(ident, /* uid */ 0, /* set */ 0, /* tag */ 0)
+        val key2 = NetworkStatsCollection.Key(ident, /* uid */ 1, /* set */ 0, /* tag */ 0)
+        val bucketDuration = 10L
+        val entry1 = NetworkStatsHistory.Entry(10, 10, 40, 4, 50, 5, 60)
+        val entry2 = NetworkStatsHistory.Entry(30, 10, 3, 41, 7, 1, 0)
+        val history1 = NetworkStatsHistory.Builder(10, 5)
+                .addEntry(entry1)
+                .addEntry(entry2)
+                .build()
+        val history2 = NetworkStatsHistory(10, 5)
+        val actualCollection = NetworkStatsCollection.Builder(bucketDuration)
+                .addEntry(key1, history1)
+                .addEntry(key2, history2)
+                .build()
+
+        // The builder will omit any entry with empty history. Thus, only history1
+        // is expected in the result collection.
+        val actualEntries = actualCollection.entries
+        assertEquals(1, actualEntries.size)
+        val actualHistory = actualEntries[key1] ?: fail("There should be an entry for $key1")
+        assertEquals(history1.entries, actualHistory.entries)
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/netstats/NetworkStatsHistoryTest.kt b/tests/common/java/android/net/netstats/NetworkStatsHistoryTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c2654c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/netstats/NetworkStatsHistoryTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.netstats
+
+import android.net.NetworkStatsHistory
+import android.text.format.DateUtils
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.SC_V2
+import org.junit.Rule
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.junit.runners.JUnit4
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+
+@ConnectivityModuleTest
+@RunWith(JUnit4::class)
+@SmallTest
+class NetworkStatsHistoryTest {
+    @Rule
+    @JvmField
+    val ignoreRule = DevSdkIgnoreRule(ignoreClassUpTo = SC_V2)
+
+    @Test
+    fun testBuilder() {
+        val entry1 = NetworkStatsHistory.Entry(10, 30, 40, 4, 50, 5, 60)
+        val entry2 = NetworkStatsHistory.Entry(30, 15, 3, 41, 7, 1, 0)
+        val entry3 = NetworkStatsHistory.Entry(7, 301, 11, 14, 31, 2, 80)
+        val statsEmpty = NetworkStatsHistory
+                .Builder(DateUtils.HOUR_IN_MILLIS, /* initialCapacity */ 10).build()
+        assertEquals(0, statsEmpty.entries.size)
+        assertEquals(DateUtils.HOUR_IN_MILLIS, statsEmpty.bucketDuration)
+        val statsSingle = NetworkStatsHistory
+                .Builder(DateUtils.HOUR_IN_MILLIS, /* initialCapacity */ 8)
+                .addEntry(entry1)
+                .build()
+        statsSingle.assertEntriesEqual(entry1)
+        assertEquals(DateUtils.HOUR_IN_MILLIS, statsSingle.bucketDuration)
+        val statsMultiple = NetworkStatsHistory
+                .Builder(DateUtils.SECOND_IN_MILLIS, /* initialCapacity */ 0)
+                .addEntry(entry1).addEntry(entry2).addEntry(entry3)
+                .build()
+        assertEquals(DateUtils.SECOND_IN_MILLIS, statsMultiple.bucketDuration)
+        statsMultiple.assertEntriesEqual(entry1, entry2, entry3)
+    }
+
+    fun NetworkStatsHistory.assertEntriesEqual(vararg entries: NetworkStatsHistory.Entry) {
+        assertEquals(entries.size, this.entries.size)
+        entries.forEachIndexed { i, element ->
+            assertEquals(element, this.entries[i])
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/netstats/NetworkTemplateTest.kt b/tests/common/java/android/net/netstats/NetworkTemplateTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..192694b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/netstats/NetworkTemplateTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.netstats
+
+import android.net.NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL
+import android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_ALL
+import android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_YES
+import android.net.NetworkStats.ROAMING_YES
+import android.net.NetworkStats.ROAMING_ALL
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate.MATCH_BLUETOOTH
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate.MATCH_CARRIER
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate.MATCH_ETHERNET
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate.MATCH_MOBILE
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate.MATCH_MOBILE_WILDCARD
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate.MATCH_PROXY
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate.MATCH_WIFI
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate.MATCH_WIFI_WILDCARD
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate.NETWORK_TYPE_ALL
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate.OEM_MANAGED_ALL
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStatsUtils.SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_ALL
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStatsUtils.SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.SC_V2
+import org.junit.Rule
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.junit.runners.JUnit4
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith
+
+private const val TEST_IMSI1 = "imsi"
+private const val TEST_WIFI_KEY1 = "wifiKey1"
+private const val TEST_WIFI_KEY2 = "wifiKey2"
+
+@RunWith(JUnit4::class)
+@ConnectivityModuleTest
+class NetworkTemplateTest {
+    @Rule
+    @JvmField
+    val ignoreRule = DevSdkIgnoreRule(ignoreClassUpTo = SC_V2)
+
+    @Test
+    fun testBuilderMatchRules() {
+        // Verify unknown match rules cannot construct templates.
+        listOf(Integer.MIN_VALUE, -1, Integer.MAX_VALUE).forEach {
+            assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
+                NetworkTemplate.Builder(it).build()
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Verify hidden match rules cannot construct templates.
+        listOf(MATCH_WIFI_WILDCARD, MATCH_MOBILE_WILDCARD, MATCH_PROXY).forEach {
+            assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
+                NetworkTemplate.Builder(it).build()
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Verify template which matches metered cellular and carrier networks with
+        // the given IMSI. See buildTemplateMobileAll and buildTemplateCarrierMetered.
+        listOf(MATCH_MOBILE, MATCH_CARRIER).forEach { matchRule ->
+            NetworkTemplate.Builder(matchRule).setSubscriberIds(setOf(TEST_IMSI1))
+                    .setMeteredness(METERED_YES).build().let {
+                        val expectedTemplate = NetworkTemplate(matchRule, TEST_IMSI1,
+                                arrayOf(TEST_IMSI1), arrayOf<String>(), METERED_YES,
+                                ROAMING_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL,
+                                OEM_MANAGED_ALL, SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT)
+                        assertEquals(expectedTemplate, it)
+                    }
+        }
+
+        // Verify template which matches roaming cellular and carrier networks with
+        // the given IMSI.
+        listOf(MATCH_MOBILE, MATCH_CARRIER).forEach { matchRule ->
+            NetworkTemplate.Builder(matchRule).setSubscriberIds(setOf(TEST_IMSI1))
+                    .setRoaming(ROAMING_YES).setMeteredness(METERED_YES).build().let {
+                        val expectedTemplate = NetworkTemplate(matchRule, TEST_IMSI1,
+                                arrayOf(TEST_IMSI1), arrayOf<String>(), METERED_YES,
+                                ROAMING_YES, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL,
+                                OEM_MANAGED_ALL, SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT)
+                        assertEquals(expectedTemplate, it)
+                    }
+        }
+
+        // Verify carrier template cannot be created without IMSI.
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
+            NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_CARRIER).build()
+        }
+
+        // Verify template which matches metered cellular networks,
+        // regardless of IMSI. See buildTemplateMobileWildcard.
+        NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_MOBILE).setMeteredness(METERED_YES).build().let {
+            val expectedTemplate = NetworkTemplate(MATCH_MOBILE_WILDCARD, null /*subscriberId*/,
+                    null /*subscriberIds*/, arrayOf<String>(),
+                    METERED_YES, ROAMING_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL,
+                    OEM_MANAGED_ALL, SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_ALL)
+            assertEquals(expectedTemplate, it)
+        }
+
+        // Verify template which matches metered cellular networks and ratType.
+        // See NetworkTemplate#buildTemplateMobileWithRatType.
+        NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_MOBILE).setSubscriberIds(setOf(TEST_IMSI1))
+                .setMeteredness(METERED_YES).setRatType(TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS)
+                .build().let {
+                    val expectedTemplate = NetworkTemplate(MATCH_MOBILE, TEST_IMSI1,
+                            arrayOf(TEST_IMSI1), arrayOf<String>(), METERED_YES,
+                            ROAMING_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS,
+                            OEM_MANAGED_ALL, SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT)
+                    assertEquals(expectedTemplate, it)
+                }
+
+        // Verify template which matches all wifi networks,
+        // regardless of Wifi Network Key. See buildTemplateWifiWildcard and buildTemplateWifi.
+        NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_WIFI).build().let {
+            val expectedTemplate = NetworkTemplate(MATCH_WIFI_WILDCARD, null /*subscriberId*/,
+                    null /*subscriberIds*/, arrayOf<String>(),
+                    METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL,
+                    OEM_MANAGED_ALL, SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_ALL)
+            assertEquals(expectedTemplate, it)
+        }
+
+        // Verify template which matches wifi networks with the given Wifi Network Key.
+        // See buildTemplateWifi(wifiNetworkKey).
+        NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_WIFI).setWifiNetworkKeys(setOf(TEST_WIFI_KEY1)).build().let {
+            val expectedTemplate = NetworkTemplate(MATCH_WIFI, null /*subscriberId*/,
+                    null /*subscriberIds*/, arrayOf(TEST_WIFI_KEY1),
+                    METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL,
+                    OEM_MANAGED_ALL, SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_ALL)
+            assertEquals(expectedTemplate, it)
+        }
+
+        // Verify template which matches all wifi networks with the
+        // given Wifi Network Key, and IMSI. See buildTemplateWifi(wifiNetworkKey, subscriberId).
+        NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_WIFI).setSubscriberIds(setOf(TEST_IMSI1))
+                .setWifiNetworkKeys(setOf(TEST_WIFI_KEY1)).build().let {
+                    val expectedTemplate = NetworkTemplate(MATCH_WIFI, TEST_IMSI1,
+                            arrayOf(TEST_IMSI1), arrayOf(TEST_WIFI_KEY1),
+                            METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL,
+                            OEM_MANAGED_ALL, SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT)
+                    assertEquals(expectedTemplate, it)
+                }
+
+        // Verify template which matches ethernet and bluetooth networks.
+        // See buildTemplateEthernet and buildTemplateBluetooth.
+        listOf(MATCH_ETHERNET, MATCH_BLUETOOTH).forEach { matchRule ->
+            NetworkTemplate.Builder(matchRule).build().let {
+                val expectedTemplate = NetworkTemplate(matchRule, null /*subscriberId*/,
+                        null /*subscriberIds*/, arrayOf<String>(),
+                        METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL,
+                        OEM_MANAGED_ALL, SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_ALL)
+                assertEquals(expectedTemplate, it)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testBuilderWifiNetworkKeys() {
+        // Verify template builder which generates same template with the given different
+        // sequence keys.
+        NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_WIFI).setWifiNetworkKeys(
+                setOf(TEST_WIFI_KEY1, TEST_WIFI_KEY2)).build().let {
+            val expectedTemplate = NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_WIFI).setWifiNetworkKeys(
+                    setOf(TEST_WIFI_KEY2, TEST_WIFI_KEY1)).build()
+            assertEquals(expectedTemplate, it)
+        }
+
+        // Verify template which matches non-wifi networks with the given key is invalid.
+        listOf(MATCH_MOBILE, MATCH_CARRIER, MATCH_ETHERNET, MATCH_BLUETOOTH, -1,
+                Integer.MAX_VALUE).forEach { matchRule ->
+            assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
+                NetworkTemplate.Builder(matchRule).setWifiNetworkKeys(setOf(TEST_WIFI_KEY1)).build()
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Verify template which matches wifi networks with the given null key is invalid.
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
+            NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_WIFI).setWifiNetworkKeys(setOf(null)).build()
+        }
+
+        // Verify template which matches wifi wildcard with the given empty key set.
+        NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_WIFI).setWifiNetworkKeys(setOf<String>()).build().let {
+            val expectedTemplate = NetworkTemplate(MATCH_WIFI_WILDCARD, null /*subscriberId*/,
+                    arrayOf<String>() /*subscriberIds*/, arrayOf<String>(),
+                    METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL,
+                    OEM_MANAGED_ALL, SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_ALL)
+            assertEquals(expectedTemplate, it)
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/util/SocketUtilsTest.kt b/tests/common/java/android/net/util/SocketUtilsTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aaf97f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/util/SocketUtilsTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.util
+
+import android.os.Build
+import android.system.NetlinkSocketAddress
+import android.system.Os
+import android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET
+import android.system.OsConstants.ETH_P_ALL
+import android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP
+import android.system.OsConstants.RTMGRP_NEIGH
+import android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_DGRAM
+import android.system.PacketSocketAddress
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
+import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
+import org.junit.Assert.assertFalse
+import org.junit.Assert.assertTrue
+import org.junit.Assert.fail
+import org.junit.Rule
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+
+private const val TEST_INDEX = 123
+private const val TEST_PORT = 555
+private const val FF_BYTE = 0xff.toByte()
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+@SmallTest
+class SocketUtilsTest {
+    @Rule @JvmField
+    val ignoreRule = DevSdkIgnoreRule()
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMakeNetlinkSocketAddress() {
+        val nlAddress = SocketUtils.makeNetlinkSocketAddress(TEST_PORT, RTMGRP_NEIGH)
+        if (nlAddress is NetlinkSocketAddress) {
+            assertEquals(TEST_PORT, nlAddress.getPortId())
+            assertEquals(RTMGRP_NEIGH, nlAddress.getGroupsMask())
+        } else {
+            fail("Not NetlinkSocketAddress object")
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMakePacketSocketAddress_Q() {
+        val pkAddress = SocketUtils.makePacketSocketAddress(ETH_P_ALL, TEST_INDEX)
+        assertTrue("Not PacketSocketAddress object", pkAddress is PacketSocketAddress)
+
+        val pkAddress2 = SocketUtils.makePacketSocketAddress(TEST_INDEX, ByteArray(6) { FF_BYTE })
+        assertTrue("Not PacketSocketAddress object", pkAddress2 is PacketSocketAddress)
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    fun testMakePacketSocketAddress() {
+        val pkAddress = SocketUtils.makePacketSocketAddress(
+                ETH_P_ALL, TEST_INDEX, ByteArray(6) { FF_BYTE })
+        assertTrue("Not PacketSocketAddress object", pkAddress is PacketSocketAddress)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testCloseSocket() {
+        // Expect no exception happening with null object.
+        SocketUtils.closeSocket(null)
+
+        val fd = Os.socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP)
+        assertTrue(fd.valid())
+        SocketUtils.closeSocket(fd)
+        assertFalse(fd.valid())
+        // Expecting socket should be still invalid even closed socket again.
+        SocketUtils.closeSocket(fd)
+        assertFalse(fd.valid())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/OWNERS b/tests/cts/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d782008
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# Bug template url: http://b/new?component=31808
+# Bug component: 685852 = per-file **IpSec*
+set noparent
+file:platform/packages/modules/Connectivity:master:/OWNERS_core_networking_xts
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/Android.bp b/tests/cts/hostside/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b684068
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+java_test_host {
+    name: "CtsHostsideNetworkTests",
+    defaults: ["cts_defaults"],
+    // Only compile source java files in this apk.
+    srcs: ["src/**/*.java"],
+    libs: [
+        "cts-tradefed",
+        "tradefed",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "modules-utils-build-testing",
+    ],
+    // Tag this module as a cts test artifact
+    test_suites: [
+        "cts",
+        "general-tests",
+        "sts"
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/AndroidTest.xml b/tests/cts/hostside/AndroidTest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a73313
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+<configuration description="Config for CTS net host test cases">
+    <option name="test-suite-tag" value="cts" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="component" value="networking" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="instant_app" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="not_multi_abi" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="secondary_user" />
+
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.compatibility.common.tradefed.targetprep.LocationCheck" />
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.cts.net.NetworkPolicyTestsPreparer" />
+
+    <!-- Enabling change id ALLOW_TEST_API_ACCESS allows that package to access @TestApi methods -->
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.RunCommandTargetPreparer">
+        <option name="run-command" value="am compat enable ALLOW_TEST_API_ACCESS com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2" />
+        <option name="teardown-command" value="am compat reset ALLOW_TEST_API_ACCESS com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2" />
+        <option name="teardown-command" value="cmd power set-mode 0" />
+        <option name="teardown-command" value="cmd battery reset" />
+        <option name="teardown-command" value="cmd netpolicy stop-watching" />
+    </target_preparer>
+
+    <test class="com.android.compatibility.common.tradefed.testtype.JarHostTest" >
+        <option name="jar" value="CtsHostsideNetworkTests.jar" />
+        <option name="runtime-hint" value="3m56s" />
+    </test>
+
+    <metrics_collector class="com.android.tradefed.device.metric.FilePullerLogCollector">
+        <option name="directory-keys" value="/sdcard/CtsHostsideNetworkTests" />
+        <option name="collect-on-run-ended-only" value="true" />
+    </metrics_collector>
+</configuration>
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/OWNERS b/tests/cts/hostside/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..20bc55e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# Bug component: 61373
+# Inherits parent owners
+sudheersai@google.com
+jchalard@google.com
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/TEST_MAPPING b/tests/cts/hostside/TEST_MAPPING
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fcec483
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+  "presubmit-large": [
+    {
+      "name": "CtsHostsideNetworkTests",
+      "options": [
+        {
+          "include-filter": "com.android.cts.net.HostsideRestrictBackgroundNetworkTests"
+        },
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "androidx.test.filters.FlakyTest"
+        },
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "android.platform.test.annotations.FlakyTest"
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/Android.bp b/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2751f6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+java_test_helper_library {
+    name: "CtsHostsideNetworkTestsAidl",
+    sdk_version: "current",
+    srcs: [
+        "com/android/cts/net/hostside/IMyService.aidl",
+        "com/android/cts/net/hostside/INetworkCallback.aidl",
+        "com/android/cts/net/hostside/INetworkStateObserver.aidl",
+        "com/android/cts/net/hostside/IRemoteSocketFactory.aidl",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/com/android/cts/net/hostside/IMyService.aidl b/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/com/android/cts/net/hostside/IMyService.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28437c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/com/android/cts/net/hostside/IMyService.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+
+import android.app.job.JobInfo;
+
+import com.android.cts.net.hostside.INetworkCallback;
+
+interface IMyService {
+    void registerBroadcastReceiver();
+    int getCounters(String receiverName, String action);
+    String checkNetworkStatus();
+    String getRestrictBackgroundStatus();
+    void sendNotification(int notificationId, String notificationType);
+    void registerNetworkCallback(in NetworkRequest request, in INetworkCallback cb);
+    void unregisterNetworkCallback();
+    void scheduleJob(in JobInfo jobInfo);
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/com/android/cts/net/hostside/INetworkCallback.aidl b/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/com/android/cts/net/hostside/INetworkCallback.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2048bab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/com/android/cts/net/hostside/INetworkCallback.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+
+interface INetworkCallback {
+    void onBlockedStatusChanged(in Network network, boolean blocked);
+    void onAvailable(in Network network);
+    void onLost(in Network network);
+    void onCapabilitiesChanged(in Network network, in NetworkCapabilities cap);
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/com/android/cts/net/hostside/INetworkStateObserver.aidl b/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/com/android/cts/net/hostside/INetworkStateObserver.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..19198c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/com/android/cts/net/hostside/INetworkStateObserver.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+
+interface INetworkStateObserver {
+    void onNetworkStateChecked(int resultCode, String resultData);
+
+    const int RESULT_SUCCESS_NETWORK_STATE_CHECKED = 0;
+    const int RESULT_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_PROC_STATE = 1;
+    const int RESULT_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_CAPABILITIES = 2;
+    const int RESULT_ERROR_OTHER = 3;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/com/android/cts/net/hostside/IRemoteSocketFactory.aidl b/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/com/android/cts/net/hostside/IRemoteSocketFactory.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..68176ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/com/android/cts/net/hostside/IRemoteSocketFactory.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+
+interface IRemoteSocketFactory {
+    ParcelFileDescriptor openSocketFd(String host, int port, int timeoutMs);
+    String getPackageName();
+    int getUid();
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/Android.bp b/tests/cts/hostside/app/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12e7d33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+java_defaults {
+    name: "CtsHostsideNetworkTestsAppDefaults",
+    platform_apis: true,
+    static_libs: [
+        "CtsHostsideNetworkTestsAidl",
+        "androidx.test.ext.junit",
+        "androidx.test.rules",
+        "androidx.test.uiautomator_uiautomator",
+        "compatibility-device-util-axt",
+        "cts-net-utils",
+        "ctstestrunner-axt",
+        "modules-utils-build",
+        "ub-uiautomator",
+    ],
+    libs: [
+        "android.test.runner",
+        "android.test.base",
+    ],
+    srcs: ["src/**/*.java"],
+    // Tag this module as a cts test artifact
+    test_suites: [
+        "cts",
+        "general-tests",
+        "sts",
+    ],
+}
+
+android_test_helper_app {
+    name: "CtsHostsideNetworkTestsApp",
+    defaults: [
+        "cts_support_defaults",
+        "framework-connectivity-test-defaults",
+        "CtsHostsideNetworkTestsAppDefaults",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "NetworkStackApiStableShims",
+    ],
+}
+
+android_test_helper_app {
+    name: "CtsHostsideNetworkTestsAppNext",
+    defaults: [
+        "cts_support_defaults",
+        "framework-connectivity-test-defaults",
+        "CtsHostsideNetworkTestsAppDefaults",
+        "ConnectivityNextEnableDefaults",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "NetworkStackApiCurrentShims",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/AndroidManifest.xml b/tests/cts/hostside/app/AndroidManifest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d56e5d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+     package="com.android.cts.net.hostside">
+
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
+
+    <application android:requestLegacyExternalStorage="true">
+        <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner"/>
+        <activity android:name=".MyActivity"/>
+        <service android:name=".MyVpnService"
+             android:permission="android.permission.BIND_VPN_SERVICE"
+             android:exported="true">
+            <intent-filter>
+                <action android:name="android.net.VpnService"/>
+            </intent-filter>
+        </service>
+        <service android:name=".MyNotificationListenerService"
+             android:label="MyNotificationListenerService"
+             android:permission="android.permission.BIND_NOTIFICATION_LISTENER_SERVICE"
+             android:exported="true">
+            <intent-filter>
+                <action android:name="android.service.notification.NotificationListenerService"/>
+            </intent-filter>
+        </service>
+    </application>
+
+    <instrumentation android:name="androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
+         android:targetPackage="com.android.cts.net.hostside"/>
+
+</manifest>
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractAppIdleTestCase.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractAppIdleTestCase.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d9ff539
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractAppIdleTestCase.java
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.APP_STANDBY_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.BATTERY_SAVER_MODE;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * Base class for metered and non-metered tests on idle apps.
+ */
+@RequiredProperties({APP_STANDBY_MODE})
+abstract class AbstractAppIdleTestCase extends AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase {
+
+    @Before
+    public final void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+
+        // Set initial state.
+        removePowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+        removePowerSaveModeExceptIdleWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+        setAppIdle(false);
+        turnBatteryOn();
+
+        registerBroadcastReceiver();
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public final void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        super.tearDown();
+
+        resetBatteryState();
+        setAppIdle(false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBackgroundNetworkAccess_enabled() throws Exception {
+        setAppIdle(true);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+
+        assertsForegroundAlwaysHasNetworkAccess();
+        setAppIdle(true);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+
+        // Make sure foreground app doesn't lose access upon enabling it.
+        setAppIdle(true);
+        launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTIY);
+        finishActivity();
+        assertAppIdle(false); // verify - not idle anymore, since activity was launched...
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+        setAppIdle(true);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+
+        // Same for foreground service.
+        setAppIdle(true);
+        launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(TYPE_COMPONENT_FOREGROUND_SERVICE);
+        stopForegroundService();
+        assertAppIdle(true);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+
+        // Set Idle after foreground service start.
+        launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(TYPE_COMPONENT_FOREGROUND_SERVICE);
+        setAppIdle(true);
+        addPowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_PKG);
+        removePowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_PKG);
+        assertForegroundServiceNetworkAccess();
+        stopForegroundService();
+        assertAppIdle(true);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBackgroundNetworkAccess_whitelisted() throws Exception {
+        setAppIdle(true);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+
+        addPowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+        assertAppIdle(false); // verify - not idle anymore, since whitelisted
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+
+        setAppIdleNoAssert(true);
+        assertAppIdle(false); // app is still whitelisted
+        removePowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+        assertAppIdle(true); // verify - idle again, once whitelisted was removed
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+
+        setAppIdle(true);
+        addPowerSaveModeExceptIdleWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+        assertAppIdle(false); // verify - not idle anymore, since whitelisted
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+
+        setAppIdleNoAssert(true);
+        assertAppIdle(false); // app is still whitelisted
+        removePowerSaveModeExceptIdleWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+        assertAppIdle(true); // verify - idle again, once whitelisted was removed
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+
+        assertsForegroundAlwaysHasNetworkAccess();
+
+        // verify - no whitelist, no access!
+        setAppIdle(true);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBackgroundNetworkAccess_tempWhitelisted() throws Exception {
+        setAppIdle(true);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+
+        addTempPowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG, TEMP_POWERSAVE_WHITELIST_DURATION_MS);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+        // Wait until the whitelist duration is expired.
+        SystemClock.sleep(TEMP_POWERSAVE_WHITELIST_DURATION_MS);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBackgroundNetworkAccess_disabled() throws Exception {
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+
+        assertsForegroundAlwaysHasNetworkAccess();
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+    }
+
+    @RequiredProperties({BATTERY_SAVER_MODE})
+    @Test
+    public void testAppIdleNetworkAccess_whenCharging() throws Exception {
+        // Check that app is paroled when charging
+        setAppIdle(true);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+        turnBatteryOff();
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+        turnBatteryOn();
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+
+        // Check that app is restricted when not idle but power-save is on
+        setAppIdle(false);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+        setBatterySaverMode(true);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+        // Use setBatterySaverMode API to leave power-save mode instead of plugging in charger
+        setBatterySaverMode(false);
+        turnBatteryOff();
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+
+        // And when no longer charging, it still has network access, since it's not idle
+        turnBatteryOn();
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAppIdleNetworkAccess_idleWhitelisted() throws Exception {
+        setAppIdle(true);
+        assertAppIdle(true);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+
+        addAppIdleWhitelist(mUid);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+
+        removeAppIdleWhitelist(mUid);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+
+        // Make sure whitelisting a random app doesn't affect the tested app.
+        addAppIdleWhitelist(mUid + 1);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+        removeAppIdleWhitelist(mUid + 1);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAppIdle_toast() throws Exception {
+        setAppIdle(true);
+        assertAppIdle(true);
+        assertEquals("Shown", showToast());
+        assertAppIdle(true);
+        // Wait for a couple of seconds for the toast to actually be shown
+        SystemClock.sleep(2000);
+        assertAppIdle(true);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractBatterySaverModeTestCase.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractBatterySaverModeTestCase.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..04d054d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractBatterySaverModeTestCase.java
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.BATTERY_SAVER_MODE;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * Base class for metered and non-metered Battery Saver Mode tests.
+ */
+@RequiredProperties({BATTERY_SAVER_MODE})
+abstract class AbstractBatterySaverModeTestCase extends AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase {
+
+    @Before
+    public final void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+
+        // Set initial state.
+        removePowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+        removePowerSaveModeExceptIdleWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+        setBatterySaverMode(false);
+
+        registerBroadcastReceiver();
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public final void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        super.tearDown();
+
+        setBatterySaverMode(false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBackgroundNetworkAccess_enabled() throws Exception {
+        setBatterySaverMode(true);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+
+        assertsForegroundAlwaysHasNetworkAccess();
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+
+        // Make sure foreground app doesn't lose access upon Battery Saver.
+        setBatterySaverMode(false);
+        launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTIY);
+        setBatterySaverMode(true);
+        assertForegroundNetworkAccess();
+
+        // Although it should not have access while the screen is off.
+        turnScreenOff();
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+        turnScreenOn();
+        assertForegroundNetworkAccess();
+
+        // Goes back to background state.
+        finishActivity();
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+
+        // Make sure foreground service doesn't lose access upon enabling Battery Saver.
+        setBatterySaverMode(false);
+        launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(TYPE_COMPONENT_FOREGROUND_SERVICE);
+        setBatterySaverMode(true);
+        assertForegroundNetworkAccess();
+        stopForegroundService();
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBackgroundNetworkAccess_whitelisted() throws Exception {
+        setBatterySaverMode(true);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+
+        addPowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+
+        removePowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+
+        addPowerSaveModeExceptIdleWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+
+        removePowerSaveModeExceptIdleWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+
+        assertsForegroundAlwaysHasNetworkAccess();
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBackgroundNetworkAccess_disabled() throws Exception {
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+
+        assertsForegroundAlwaysHasNetworkAccess();
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractDozeModeTestCase.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractDozeModeTestCase.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e0ce4ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractDozeModeTestCase.java
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.DOZE_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.NOT_LOW_RAM_DEVICE;
+
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * Base class for metered and non-metered Doze Mode tests.
+ */
+@RequiredProperties({DOZE_MODE})
+abstract class AbstractDozeModeTestCase extends AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase {
+
+    @Before
+    public final void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+
+        // Set initial state.
+        removePowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+        removePowerSaveModeExceptIdleWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+        setDozeMode(false);
+
+        registerBroadcastReceiver();
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public final void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        super.tearDown();
+
+        setDozeMode(false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBackgroundNetworkAccess_enabled() throws Exception {
+        setDozeMode(true);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+
+        assertsForegroundAlwaysHasNetworkAccess();
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+
+        // Make sure foreground service doesn't lose network access upon enabling doze.
+        setDozeMode(false);
+        launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(TYPE_COMPONENT_FOREGROUND_SERVICE);
+        setDozeMode(true);
+        assertForegroundNetworkAccess();
+        stopForegroundService();
+        assertBackgroundState();
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBackgroundNetworkAccess_whitelisted() throws Exception {
+        setDozeMode(true);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+
+        addPowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+
+        removePowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+
+        addPowerSaveModeExceptIdleWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+
+        removePowerSaveModeExceptIdleWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+
+        assertsForegroundAlwaysHasNetworkAccess();
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBackgroundNetworkAccess_disabled() throws Exception {
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+
+        assertsForegroundAlwaysHasNetworkAccess();
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+    }
+
+    @RequiredProperties({NOT_LOW_RAM_DEVICE})
+    @Test
+    public void testBackgroundNetworkAccess_enabledButWhitelistedOnNotificationAction()
+            throws Exception {
+        setPendingIntentAllowlistDuration(NETWORK_TIMEOUT_MS);
+        try {
+            registerNotificationListenerService();
+            setDozeMode(true);
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+
+            testNotification(4, NOTIFICATION_TYPE_CONTENT);
+            testNotification(8, NOTIFICATION_TYPE_DELETE);
+            testNotification(15, NOTIFICATION_TYPE_FULL_SCREEN);
+            testNotification(16, NOTIFICATION_TYPE_BUNDLE);
+            testNotification(23, NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION);
+            testNotification(42, NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION_BUNDLE);
+            testNotification(108, NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION_REMOTE_INPUT);
+        } finally {
+            resetDeviceIdleSettings();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void testNotification(int id, String type) throws Exception {
+        sendNotification(id, type);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+        if (type.equals(NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION)) {
+            // Make sure access is disabled after it expires. Since this check considerably slows
+            // downs the CTS tests, do it just once.
+            SystemClock.sleep(NETWORK_TIMEOUT_MS);
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Must override so it only tests foreground service - once an app goes to foreground, device
+    // leaves Doze Mode.
+    @Override
+    protected void assertsForegroundAlwaysHasNetworkAccess() throws Exception {
+        launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(TYPE_COMPONENT_FOREGROUND_SERVICE);
+        stopForegroundService();
+        assertBackgroundState();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractExpeditedJobTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractExpeditedJobTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a850e3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractExpeditedJobTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.setRestrictBackground;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.APP_STANDBY_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.BATTERY_SAVER_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.DATA_SAVER_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.DOZE_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class AbstractExpeditedJobTest extends AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase {
+    @Before
+    public final void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+        resetDeviceState();
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public final void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        super.tearDown();
+        resetDeviceState();
+    }
+
+    private void resetDeviceState() throws Exception {
+        resetBatteryState();
+        setBatterySaverMode(false);
+        setRestrictBackground(false);
+        setAppIdle(false);
+        setDozeMode(false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @RequiredProperties({BATTERY_SAVER_MODE})
+    public void testNetworkAccess_batterySaverMode() throws Exception {
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+        assertExpeditedJobHasNetworkAccess();
+
+        setBatterySaverMode(true);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+        assertExpeditedJobHasNetworkAccess();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @RequiredProperties({DATA_SAVER_MODE, METERED_NETWORK})
+    public void testNetworkAccess_dataSaverMode() throws Exception {
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+        assertExpeditedJobHasNetworkAccess();
+
+        setRestrictBackground(true);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+        assertExpeditedJobHasNoNetworkAccess();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @RequiredProperties({APP_STANDBY_MODE})
+    public void testNetworkAccess_appIdleState() throws Exception {
+        turnBatteryOn();
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+        assertExpeditedJobHasNetworkAccess();
+
+        setAppIdle(true);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+        assertExpeditedJobHasNetworkAccess();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @RequiredProperties({DOZE_MODE})
+    public void testNetworkAccess_dozeMode() throws Exception {
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+        assertExpeditedJobHasNetworkAccess();
+
+        setDozeMode(true);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+        assertExpeditedJobHasNetworkAccess();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @RequiredProperties({DATA_SAVER_MODE, BATTERY_SAVER_MODE, METERED_NETWORK})
+    public void testNetworkAccess_dataAndBatterySaverMode() throws Exception {
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+        assertExpeditedJobHasNetworkAccess();
+
+        setRestrictBackground(true);
+        setBatterySaverMode(true);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+        assertExpeditedJobHasNoNetworkAccess();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @RequiredProperties({DOZE_MODE, DATA_SAVER_MODE, METERED_NETWORK})
+    public void testNetworkAccess_dozeAndDataSaverMode() throws Exception {
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+        assertExpeditedJobHasNetworkAccess();
+
+        setRestrictBackground(true);
+        setDozeMode(true);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+        assertExpeditedJobHasNoNetworkAccess();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @RequiredProperties({DATA_SAVER_MODE, BATTERY_SAVER_MODE, METERED_NETWORK, DOZE_MODE,
+            APP_STANDBY_MODE})
+    public void testNetworkAccess_allRestrictionsEnabled() throws Exception {
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+        assertExpeditedJobHasNetworkAccess();
+
+        setRestrictBackground(true);
+        setBatterySaverMode(true);
+        setAppIdle(true);
+        setDozeMode(true);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+        assertExpeditedJobHasNoNetworkAccess();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9894444
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1028 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED;
+import static android.os.BatteryManager.BATTERY_PLUGGED_AC;
+import static android.os.BatteryManager.BATTERY_PLUGGED_USB;
+import static android.os.BatteryManager.BATTERY_PLUGGED_WIRELESS;
+
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.executeShellCommand;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.forceRunJob;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.getConnectivityManager;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.getContext;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.getInstrumentation;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isAppStandbySupported;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isBatterySaverSupported;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isDozeModeSupported;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.restrictBackgroundValueToString;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import android.app.ActivityManager;
+import android.app.Instrumentation;
+import android.app.NotificationManager;
+import android.app.job.JobInfo;
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
+import android.content.ComponentName;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.IntentFilter;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState;
+import android.net.NetworkInfo.State;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.os.BatteryManager;
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.os.RemoteCallback;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+import android.provider.DeviceConfig;
+import android.service.notification.NotificationListenerService;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.Pair;
+
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.BatteryUtils;
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.DeviceConfigStateHelper;
+
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.rules.RuleChain;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+/**
+ * Superclass for tests related to background network restrictions.
+ */
+@RunWith(NetworkPolicyTestRunner.class)
+public abstract class AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase {
+    public static final String TAG = "RestrictBackgroundNetworkTests";
+
+    protected static final String TEST_PKG = "com.android.cts.net.hostside";
+    protected static final String TEST_APP2_PKG = "com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2";
+
+    private static final String TEST_APP2_ACTIVITY_CLASS = TEST_APP2_PKG + ".MyActivity";
+    private static final String TEST_APP2_SERVICE_CLASS = TEST_APP2_PKG + ".MyForegroundService";
+    private static final String TEST_APP2_JOB_SERVICE_CLASS = TEST_APP2_PKG + ".MyJobService";
+
+    private static final ComponentName TEST_JOB_COMPONENT = new ComponentName(
+            TEST_APP2_PKG, TEST_APP2_JOB_SERVICE_CLASS);
+
+    private static final int TEST_JOB_ID = 7357437;
+
+    private static final int SLEEP_TIME_SEC = 1;
+
+    // Constants below must match values defined on app2's Common.java
+    private static final String MANIFEST_RECEIVER = "ManifestReceiver";
+    private static final String DYNAMIC_RECEIVER = "DynamicReceiver";
+    private static final String ACTION_FINISH_ACTIVITY =
+            "com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.action.FINISH_ACTIVITY";
+    private static final String ACTION_FINISH_JOB =
+            "com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.action.FINISH_JOB";
+    // Copied from com.android.server.net.NetworkPolicyManagerService class
+    private static final String ACTION_SNOOZE_WARNING =
+            "com.android.server.net.action.SNOOZE_WARNING";
+
+    private static final String ACTION_RECEIVER_READY =
+            "com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.action.RECEIVER_READY";
+    static final String ACTION_SHOW_TOAST =
+            "com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.action.SHOW_TOAST";
+
+    protected static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_CONTENT = "CONTENT";
+    protected static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_DELETE = "DELETE";
+    protected static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_FULL_SCREEN = "FULL_SCREEN";
+    protected static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_BUNDLE = "BUNDLE";
+    protected static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION = "ACTION";
+    protected static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION_BUNDLE = "ACTION_BUNDLE";
+    protected static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION_REMOTE_INPUT = "ACTION_REMOTE_INPUT";
+
+    // TODO: Update BatteryManager.BATTERY_PLUGGED_ANY as @TestApi
+    public static final int BATTERY_PLUGGED_ANY =
+            BATTERY_PLUGGED_AC | BATTERY_PLUGGED_USB | BATTERY_PLUGGED_WIRELESS;
+
+    private static final String NETWORK_STATUS_SEPARATOR = "\\|";
+    private static final int SECOND_IN_MS = 1000;
+    static final int NETWORK_TIMEOUT_MS = 15 * SECOND_IN_MS;
+
+    private static int PROCESS_STATE_FOREGROUND_SERVICE;
+
+    private static final String KEY_NETWORK_STATE_OBSERVER = TEST_PKG + ".observer";
+    private static final String KEY_SKIP_VALIDATION_CHECKS = TEST_PKG + ".skip_validation_checks";
+
+    private static final String EMPTY_STRING = "";
+
+    protected static final int TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTIY = 0;
+    protected static final int TYPE_COMPONENT_FOREGROUND_SERVICE = 1;
+    protected static final int TYPE_EXPEDITED_JOB = 2;
+
+    private static final int BATTERY_STATE_TIMEOUT_MS = 5000;
+    private static final int BATTERY_STATE_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS = 500;
+
+    private static final int ACTIVITY_NETWORK_STATE_TIMEOUT_MS = 6_000;
+    private static final int JOB_NETWORK_STATE_TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000;
+    private static final int LAUNCH_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000;
+
+    // Must be higher than NETWORK_TIMEOUT_MS
+    private static final int ORDERED_BROADCAST_TIMEOUT_MS = NETWORK_TIMEOUT_MS * 4;
+
+    private static final IntentFilter BATTERY_CHANGED_FILTER =
+            new IntentFilter(Intent.ACTION_BATTERY_CHANGED);
+
+    private static final String APP_NOT_FOREGROUND_ERROR = "app_not_fg";
+
+    protected static final long TEMP_POWERSAVE_WHITELIST_DURATION_MS = 5_000; // 5 sec
+
+    private static final long BROADCAST_TIMEOUT_MS = 15_000;
+
+    protected Context mContext;
+    protected Instrumentation mInstrumentation;
+    protected ConnectivityManager mCm;
+    protected int mUid;
+    private int mMyUid;
+    private MyServiceClient mServiceClient;
+    private DeviceConfigStateHelper mDeviceIdleDeviceConfigStateHelper;
+
+    @Rule
+    public final RuleChain mRuleChain = RuleChain.outerRule(new RequiredPropertiesRule())
+            .around(new MeterednessConfigurationRule());
+
+    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+        // TODO: Annotate these constants with @TestApi instead of obtaining them using reflection
+        PROCESS_STATE_FOREGROUND_SERVICE = (Integer) ActivityManager.class
+                .getDeclaredField("PROCESS_STATE_FOREGROUND_SERVICE").get(null);
+        mInstrumentation = getInstrumentation();
+        mContext = getContext();
+        mCm = getConnectivityManager();
+        mDeviceIdleDeviceConfigStateHelper =
+                new DeviceConfigStateHelper(DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_DEVICE_IDLE);
+        mUid = getUid(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+        mMyUid = getUid(mContext.getPackageName());
+        mServiceClient = new MyServiceClient(mContext);
+        mServiceClient.bind();
+        executeShellCommand("cmd netpolicy start-watching " + mUid);
+        setAppIdle(false);
+
+        Log.i(TAG, "Apps status:\n"
+                + "\ttest app: uid=" + mMyUid + ", state=" + getProcessStateByUid(mMyUid) + "\n"
+                + "\tapp2: uid=" + mUid + ", state=" + getProcessStateByUid(mUid));
+    }
+
+    protected void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        executeShellCommand("cmd netpolicy stop-watching");
+        mServiceClient.unbind();
+    }
+
+    protected int getUid(String packageName) throws Exception {
+        return mContext.getPackageManager().getPackageUid(packageName, 0);
+    }
+
+    protected void assertRestrictBackgroundChangedReceived(int expectedCount) throws Exception {
+        assertRestrictBackgroundChangedReceived(DYNAMIC_RECEIVER, expectedCount);
+        assertRestrictBackgroundChangedReceived(MANIFEST_RECEIVER, 0);
+    }
+
+    protected void assertRestrictBackgroundChangedReceived(String receiverName, int expectedCount)
+            throws Exception {
+        int attempts = 0;
+        int count = 0;
+        final int maxAttempts = 5;
+        do {
+            attempts++;
+            count = getNumberBroadcastsReceived(receiverName, ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED);
+            assertFalse("Expected count " + expectedCount + " but actual is " + count,
+                    count > expectedCount);
+            if (count == expectedCount) {
+                break;
+            }
+            Log.d(TAG, "Expecting count " + expectedCount + " but actual is " + count + " after "
+                    + attempts + " attempts; sleeping "
+                    + SLEEP_TIME_SEC + " seconds before trying again");
+            SystemClock.sleep(SLEEP_TIME_SEC * SECOND_IN_MS);
+        } while (attempts <= maxAttempts);
+        assertEquals("Number of expected broadcasts for " + receiverName + " not reached after "
+                + maxAttempts * SLEEP_TIME_SEC + " seconds", expectedCount, count);
+    }
+
+    protected void assertSnoozeWarningNotReceived() throws Exception {
+        // Wait for a while to take broadcast queue delays into account
+        SystemClock.sleep(BROADCAST_TIMEOUT_MS);
+        assertEquals(0, getNumberBroadcastsReceived(DYNAMIC_RECEIVER, ACTION_SNOOZE_WARNING));
+    }
+
+    protected String sendOrderedBroadcast(Intent intent) throws Exception {
+        return sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, ORDERED_BROADCAST_TIMEOUT_MS);
+    }
+
+    protected String sendOrderedBroadcast(Intent intent, int timeoutMs) throws Exception {
+        final LinkedBlockingQueue<String> result = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(1);
+        Log.d(TAG, "Sending ordered broadcast: " + intent);
+        mContext.sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, null, new BroadcastReceiver() {
+
+            @Override
+            public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+                final String resultData = getResultData();
+                if (resultData == null) {
+                    Log.e(TAG, "Received null data from ordered intent");
+                    // Offer an empty string so that the code waiting for the result can return.
+                    result.offer(EMPTY_STRING);
+                    return;
+                }
+                result.offer(resultData);
+            }
+        }, null, 0, null, null);
+
+        final String resultData = result.poll(timeoutMs, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        Log.d(TAG, "Ordered broadcast response after " + timeoutMs + "ms: " + resultData );
+        return resultData;
+    }
+
+    protected int getNumberBroadcastsReceived(String receiverName, String action) throws Exception {
+        return mServiceClient.getCounters(receiverName, action);
+    }
+
+    protected void assertRestrictBackgroundStatus(int expectedStatus) throws Exception {
+        final String status = mServiceClient.getRestrictBackgroundStatus();
+        assertNotNull("didn't get API status from app2", status);
+        assertEquals(restrictBackgroundValueToString(expectedStatus),
+                restrictBackgroundValueToString(Integer.parseInt(status)));
+    }
+
+    protected void assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(boolean expectAllowed) throws Exception {
+        assertBackgroundState();
+        assertNetworkAccess(expectAllowed /* expectAvailable */, false /* needScreenOn */);
+    }
+
+    protected void assertForegroundNetworkAccess() throws Exception {
+        assertForegroundNetworkAccess(true);
+    }
+
+    protected void assertForegroundNetworkAccess(boolean expectAllowed) throws Exception {
+        assertForegroundState();
+        // We verified that app is in foreground state but if the screen turns-off while
+        // verifying for network access, the app will go into background state (in case app's
+        // foreground status was due to top activity). So, turn the screen on when verifying
+        // network connectivity.
+        assertNetworkAccess(expectAllowed /* expectAvailable */, true /* needScreenOn */);
+    }
+
+    protected void assertForegroundServiceNetworkAccess() throws Exception {
+        assertForegroundServiceState();
+        assertNetworkAccess(true /* expectAvailable */, false /* needScreenOn */);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Asserts that an app always have access while on foreground or running a foreground service.
+     *
+     * <p>This method will launch an activity, a foreground service to make
+     * the assertion, but will finish the activity / stop the service afterwards.
+     */
+    protected void assertsForegroundAlwaysHasNetworkAccess() throws Exception{
+        // Checks foreground first.
+        launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTIY);
+        finishActivity();
+
+        // Then foreground service
+        launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(TYPE_COMPONENT_FOREGROUND_SERVICE);
+        stopForegroundService();
+    }
+
+    protected void assertExpeditedJobHasNetworkAccess() throws Exception {
+        launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(TYPE_EXPEDITED_JOB);
+        finishExpeditedJob();
+    }
+
+    protected void assertExpeditedJobHasNoNetworkAccess() throws Exception {
+        launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(TYPE_EXPEDITED_JOB, false);
+        finishExpeditedJob();
+    }
+
+    protected final void assertBackgroundState() throws Exception {
+        final int maxTries = 30;
+        ProcessState state = null;
+        for (int i = 1; i <= maxTries; i++) {
+            state = getProcessStateByUid(mUid);
+            Log.v(TAG, "assertBackgroundState(): status for app2 (" + mUid + ") on attempt #" + i
+                    + ": " + state);
+            if (isBackground(state.state)) {
+                return;
+            }
+            Log.d(TAG, "App not on background state (" + state + ") on attempt #" + i
+                    + "; sleeping 1s before trying again");
+            SystemClock.sleep(SECOND_IN_MS);
+        }
+        fail("App2 (" + mUid + ") is not on background state after "
+                + maxTries + " attempts: " + state);
+    }
+
+    protected final void assertForegroundState() throws Exception {
+        final int maxTries = 30;
+        ProcessState state = null;
+        for (int i = 1; i <= maxTries; i++) {
+            state = getProcessStateByUid(mUid);
+            Log.v(TAG, "assertForegroundState(): status for app2 (" + mUid + ") on attempt #" + i
+                    + ": " + state);
+            if (!isBackground(state.state)) {
+                return;
+            }
+            Log.d(TAG, "App not on foreground state on attempt #" + i
+                    + "; sleeping 1s before trying again");
+            turnScreenOn();
+            SystemClock.sleep(SECOND_IN_MS);
+        }
+        fail("App2 (" + mUid + ") is not on foreground state after "
+                + maxTries + " attempts: " + state);
+    }
+
+    protected final void assertForegroundServiceState() throws Exception {
+        final int maxTries = 30;
+        ProcessState state = null;
+        for (int i = 1; i <= maxTries; i++) {
+            state = getProcessStateByUid(mUid);
+            Log.v(TAG, "assertForegroundServiceState(): status for app2 (" + mUid + ") on attempt #"
+                    + i + ": " + state);
+            if (state.state == PROCESS_STATE_FOREGROUND_SERVICE) {
+                return;
+            }
+            Log.d(TAG, "App not on foreground service state on attempt #" + i
+                    + "; sleeping 1s before trying again");
+            SystemClock.sleep(SECOND_IN_MS);
+        }
+        fail("App2 (" + mUid + ") is not on foreground service state after "
+                + maxTries + " attempts: " + state);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether an app state should be considered "background" for restriction purposes.
+     */
+    protected boolean isBackground(int state) {
+        return state > PROCESS_STATE_FOREGROUND_SERVICE;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Asserts whether the active network is available or not.
+     */
+    private void assertNetworkAccess(boolean expectAvailable, boolean needScreenOn)
+            throws Exception {
+        final int maxTries = 5;
+        String error = null;
+        int timeoutMs = 500;
+
+        for (int i = 1; i <= maxTries; i++) {
+            error = checkNetworkAccess(expectAvailable);
+
+            if (error == null) return;
+
+            // TODO: ideally, it should retry only when it cannot connect to an external site,
+            // or no retry at all! But, currently, the initial change fails almost always on
+            // battery saver tests because the netd changes are made asynchronously.
+            // Once b/27803922 is fixed, this retry mechanism should be revisited.
+
+            Log.w(TAG, "Network status didn't match for expectAvailable=" + expectAvailable
+                    + " on attempt #" + i + ": " + error + "\n"
+                    + "Sleeping " + timeoutMs + "ms before trying again");
+            if (needScreenOn) {
+                turnScreenOn();
+            }
+            // No sleep after the last turn
+            if (i < maxTries) {
+                SystemClock.sleep(timeoutMs);
+            }
+            // Exponential back-off.
+            timeoutMs = Math.min(timeoutMs*2, NETWORK_TIMEOUT_MS);
+        }
+        fail("Invalid state for " + mUid + "; expectAvailable=" + expectAvailable + " after "
+                + maxTries + " attempts.\nLast error: " + error);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks whether the network is available as expected.
+     *
+     * @return error message with the mismatch (or empty if assertion passed).
+     */
+    private String checkNetworkAccess(boolean expectAvailable) throws Exception {
+        final String resultData = mServiceClient.checkNetworkStatus();
+        return checkForAvailabilityInResultData(resultData, expectAvailable);
+    }
+
+    private String checkForAvailabilityInResultData(String resultData, boolean expectAvailable) {
+        if (resultData == null) {
+            assertNotNull("Network status from app2 is null", resultData);
+        }
+        // Network status format is described on MyBroadcastReceiver.checkNetworkStatus()
+        final String[] parts = resultData.split(NETWORK_STATUS_SEPARATOR);
+        assertEquals("Wrong network status: " + resultData, 5, parts.length);
+        final State state = parts[0].equals("null") ? null : State.valueOf(parts[0]);
+        final DetailedState detailedState = parts[1].equals("null")
+                ? null : DetailedState.valueOf(parts[1]);
+        final boolean connected = Boolean.valueOf(parts[2]);
+        final String connectionCheckDetails = parts[3];
+        final String networkInfo = parts[4];
+
+        final StringBuilder errors = new StringBuilder();
+        final State expectedState;
+        final DetailedState expectedDetailedState;
+        if (expectAvailable) {
+            expectedState = State.CONNECTED;
+            expectedDetailedState = DetailedState.CONNECTED;
+        } else {
+            expectedState = State.DISCONNECTED;
+            expectedDetailedState = DetailedState.BLOCKED;
+        }
+
+        if (expectAvailable != connected) {
+            errors.append(String.format("External site connection failed: expected %s, got %s\n",
+                    expectAvailable, connected));
+        }
+        if (expectedState != state || expectedDetailedState != detailedState) {
+            errors.append(String.format("Connection state mismatch: expected %s/%s, got %s/%s\n",
+                    expectedState, expectedDetailedState, state, detailedState));
+        }
+
+        if (errors.length() > 0) {
+            errors.append("\tnetworkInfo: " + networkInfo + "\n");
+            errors.append("\tconnectionCheckDetails: " + connectionCheckDetails + "\n");
+        }
+        return errors.length() == 0 ? null : errors.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Runs a Shell command which is not expected to generate output.
+     */
+    protected void executeSilentShellCommand(String command) {
+        final String result = executeShellCommand(command);
+        assertTrue("Command '" + command + "' failed: " + result, result.trim().isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Asserts the result of a command, wait and re-running it a couple times if necessary.
+     */
+    protected void assertDelayedShellCommand(String command, final String expectedResult)
+            throws Exception {
+        assertDelayedShellCommand(command, 5, 1, expectedResult);
+    }
+
+    protected void assertDelayedShellCommand(String command, int maxTries, int napTimeSeconds,
+            final String expectedResult) throws Exception {
+        assertDelayedShellCommand(command, maxTries, napTimeSeconds, new ExpectResultChecker() {
+
+            @Override
+            public boolean isExpected(String result) {
+                return expectedResult.equals(result);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public String getExpected() {
+                return expectedResult;
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    protected void assertDelayedShellCommand(String command, int maxTries, int napTimeSeconds,
+            ExpectResultChecker checker) throws Exception {
+        String result = "";
+        for (int i = 1; i <= maxTries; i++) {
+            result = executeShellCommand(command).trim();
+            if (checker.isExpected(result)) return;
+            Log.v(TAG, "Command '" + command + "' returned '" + result + " instead of '"
+                    + checker.getExpected() + "' on attempt #" + i
+                    + "; sleeping " + napTimeSeconds + "s before trying again");
+            SystemClock.sleep(napTimeSeconds * SECOND_IN_MS);
+        }
+        fail("Command '" + command + "' did not return '" + checker.getExpected() + "' after "
+                + maxTries
+                + " attempts. Last result: '" + result + "'");
+    }
+
+    protected void addRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(int uid) throws Exception {
+        executeShellCommand("cmd netpolicy add restrict-background-whitelist " + uid);
+        assertRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(uid, true);
+        // UID policies live by the Highlander rule: "There can be only one".
+        // Hence, if app is whitelisted, it should not be blacklisted.
+        assertRestrictBackgroundBlacklist(uid, false);
+    }
+
+    protected void removeRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(int uid) throws Exception {
+        executeShellCommand("cmd netpolicy remove restrict-background-whitelist " + uid);
+        assertRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(uid, false);
+    }
+
+    protected void assertRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(int uid, boolean expected) throws Exception {
+        assertRestrictBackground("restrict-background-whitelist", uid, expected);
+    }
+
+    protected void addRestrictBackgroundBlacklist(int uid) throws Exception {
+        executeShellCommand("cmd netpolicy add restrict-background-blacklist " + uid);
+        assertRestrictBackgroundBlacklist(uid, true);
+        // UID policies live by the Highlander rule: "There can be only one".
+        // Hence, if app is blacklisted, it should not be whitelisted.
+        assertRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(uid, false);
+    }
+
+    protected void removeRestrictBackgroundBlacklist(int uid) throws Exception {
+        executeShellCommand("cmd netpolicy remove restrict-background-blacklist " + uid);
+        assertRestrictBackgroundBlacklist(uid, false);
+    }
+
+    protected void assertRestrictBackgroundBlacklist(int uid, boolean expected) throws Exception {
+        assertRestrictBackground("restrict-background-blacklist", uid, expected);
+    }
+
+    protected void addAppIdleWhitelist(int uid) throws Exception {
+        executeShellCommand("cmd netpolicy add app-idle-whitelist " + uid);
+        assertAppIdleWhitelist(uid, true);
+    }
+
+    protected void removeAppIdleWhitelist(int uid) throws Exception {
+        executeShellCommand("cmd netpolicy remove app-idle-whitelist " + uid);
+        assertAppIdleWhitelist(uid, false);
+    }
+
+    protected void assertAppIdleWhitelist(int uid, boolean expected) throws Exception {
+        assertRestrictBackground("app-idle-whitelist", uid, expected);
+    }
+
+    private void assertRestrictBackground(String list, int uid, boolean expected) throws Exception {
+        final int maxTries = 5;
+        boolean actual = false;
+        final String expectedUid = Integer.toString(uid);
+        String uids = "";
+        for (int i = 1; i <= maxTries; i++) {
+            final String output =
+                    executeShellCommand("cmd netpolicy list " + list);
+            uids = output.split(":")[1];
+            for (String candidate : uids.split(" ")) {
+                actual = candidate.trim().equals(expectedUid);
+                if (expected == actual) {
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+            Log.v(TAG, list + " check for uid " + uid + " doesn't match yet (expected "
+                    + expected + ", got " + actual + "); sleeping 1s before polling again");
+            SystemClock.sleep(SECOND_IN_MS);
+        }
+        fail(list + " check for uid " + uid + " failed: expected " + expected + ", got " + actual
+                + ". Full list: " + uids);
+    }
+
+    protected void addTempPowerSaveModeWhitelist(String packageName, long duration)
+            throws Exception {
+        Log.i(TAG, "Adding pkg " + packageName + " to temp-power-save-mode whitelist");
+        executeShellCommand("dumpsys deviceidle tempwhitelist -d " + duration + " " + packageName);
+    }
+
+    protected void assertPowerSaveModeWhitelist(String packageName, boolean expected)
+            throws Exception {
+        // TODO: currently the power-save mode is behaving like idle, but once it changes, we'll
+        // need to use netpolicy for whitelisting
+        assertDelayedShellCommand("dumpsys deviceidle whitelist =" + packageName,
+                Boolean.toString(expected));
+    }
+
+    protected void addPowerSaveModeWhitelist(String packageName) throws Exception {
+        Log.i(TAG, "Adding package " + packageName + " to power-save-mode whitelist");
+        // TODO: currently the power-save mode is behaving like idle, but once it changes, we'll
+        // need to use netpolicy for whitelisting
+        executeShellCommand("dumpsys deviceidle whitelist +" + packageName);
+        assertPowerSaveModeWhitelist(packageName, true);
+    }
+
+    protected void removePowerSaveModeWhitelist(String packageName) throws Exception {
+        Log.i(TAG, "Removing package " + packageName + " from power-save-mode whitelist");
+        // TODO: currently the power-save mode is behaving like idle, but once it changes, we'll
+        // need to use netpolicy for whitelisting
+        executeShellCommand("dumpsys deviceidle whitelist -" + packageName);
+        assertPowerSaveModeWhitelist(packageName, false);
+    }
+
+    protected void assertPowerSaveModeExceptIdleWhitelist(String packageName, boolean expected)
+            throws Exception {
+        // TODO: currently the power-save mode is behaving like idle, but once it changes, we'll
+        // need to use netpolicy for whitelisting
+        assertDelayedShellCommand("dumpsys deviceidle except-idle-whitelist =" + packageName,
+                Boolean.toString(expected));
+    }
+
+    protected void addPowerSaveModeExceptIdleWhitelist(String packageName) throws Exception {
+        Log.i(TAG, "Adding package " + packageName + " to power-save-mode-except-idle whitelist");
+        // TODO: currently the power-save mode is behaving like idle, but once it changes, we'll
+        // need to use netpolicy for whitelisting
+        executeShellCommand("dumpsys deviceidle except-idle-whitelist +" + packageName);
+        assertPowerSaveModeExceptIdleWhitelist(packageName, true);
+    }
+
+    protected void removePowerSaveModeExceptIdleWhitelist(String packageName) throws Exception {
+        Log.i(TAG, "Removing package " + packageName
+                + " from power-save-mode-except-idle whitelist");
+        // TODO: currently the power-save mode is behaving like idle, but once it changes, we'll
+        // need to use netpolicy for whitelisting
+        executeShellCommand("dumpsys deviceidle except-idle-whitelist reset");
+        assertPowerSaveModeExceptIdleWhitelist(packageName, false);
+    }
+
+    protected void turnBatteryOn() throws Exception {
+        executeSilentShellCommand("cmd battery unplug");
+        executeSilentShellCommand("cmd battery set status "
+                + BatteryManager.BATTERY_STATUS_DISCHARGING);
+        assertBatteryState(false);
+    }
+
+    protected void turnBatteryOff() throws Exception {
+        executeSilentShellCommand("cmd battery set ac " + BATTERY_PLUGGED_ANY);
+        executeSilentShellCommand("cmd battery set level 100");
+        executeSilentShellCommand("cmd battery set status "
+                + BatteryManager.BATTERY_STATUS_CHARGING);
+        assertBatteryState(true);
+    }
+
+    protected void resetBatteryState() {
+        BatteryUtils.runDumpsysBatteryReset();
+    }
+
+    private void assertBatteryState(boolean pluggedIn) throws Exception {
+        final long endTime = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() + BATTERY_STATE_TIMEOUT_MS;
+        while (isDevicePluggedIn() != pluggedIn && SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() <= endTime) {
+            Thread.sleep(BATTERY_STATE_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS);
+        }
+        if (isDevicePluggedIn() != pluggedIn) {
+            fail("Timed out waiting for the plugged-in state to change,"
+                    + " expected pluggedIn: " + pluggedIn);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean isDevicePluggedIn() {
+        final Intent batteryIntent = mContext.registerReceiver(null, BATTERY_CHANGED_FILTER);
+        return batteryIntent.getIntExtra(BatteryManager.EXTRA_PLUGGED, -1) > 0;
+    }
+
+    protected void turnScreenOff() throws Exception {
+        executeSilentShellCommand("input keyevent KEYCODE_SLEEP");
+    }
+
+    protected void turnScreenOn() throws Exception {
+        executeSilentShellCommand("input keyevent KEYCODE_WAKEUP");
+        executeSilentShellCommand("wm dismiss-keyguard");
+    }
+
+    protected void setBatterySaverMode(boolean enabled) throws Exception {
+        if (!isBatterySaverSupported()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        Log.i(TAG, "Setting Battery Saver Mode to " + enabled);
+        if (enabled) {
+            turnBatteryOn();
+            executeSilentShellCommand("cmd power set-mode 1");
+        } else {
+            executeSilentShellCommand("cmd power set-mode 0");
+            turnBatteryOff();
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void setDozeMode(boolean enabled) throws Exception {
+        if (!isDozeModeSupported()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Log.i(TAG, "Setting Doze Mode to " + enabled);
+        if (enabled) {
+            turnBatteryOn();
+            turnScreenOff();
+            executeShellCommand("dumpsys deviceidle force-idle deep");
+        } else {
+            turnScreenOn();
+            turnBatteryOff();
+            executeShellCommand("dumpsys deviceidle unforce");
+        }
+        assertDozeMode(enabled);
+    }
+
+    protected void assertDozeMode(boolean enabled) throws Exception {
+        assertDelayedShellCommand("dumpsys deviceidle get deep", enabled ? "IDLE" : "ACTIVE");
+    }
+
+    protected void setAppIdle(boolean enabled) throws Exception {
+        if (!isAppStandbySupported()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        Log.i(TAG, "Setting app idle to " + enabled);
+        executeSilentShellCommand("am set-inactive " + TEST_APP2_PKG + " " + enabled );
+        assertAppIdle(enabled);
+    }
+
+    protected void setAppIdleNoAssert(boolean enabled) throws Exception {
+        if (!isAppStandbySupported()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        Log.i(TAG, "Setting app idle to " + enabled);
+        executeSilentShellCommand("am set-inactive " + TEST_APP2_PKG + " " + enabled );
+    }
+
+    protected void assertAppIdle(boolean enabled) throws Exception {
+        try {
+            assertDelayedShellCommand("am get-inactive " + TEST_APP2_PKG, 15, 2, "Idle=" + enabled);
+        } catch (Throwable e) {
+            throw e;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Starts a service that will register a broadcast receiver to receive
+     * {@code RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGE} intents.
+     * <p>
+     * The service must run in a separate app because otherwise it would be killed every time
+     * {@link #runDeviceTests(String, String)} is executed.
+     */
+    protected void registerBroadcastReceiver() throws Exception {
+        mServiceClient.registerBroadcastReceiver();
+
+        final Intent intent = new Intent(ACTION_RECEIVER_READY)
+                .addFlags(Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_FOREGROUND);
+        // Wait until receiver is ready.
+        final int maxTries = 10;
+        for (int i = 1; i <= maxTries; i++) {
+            final String message = sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, SECOND_IN_MS * 4);
+            Log.d(TAG, "app2 receiver acked: " + message);
+            if (message != null) {
+                return;
+            }
+            Log.v(TAG, "app2 receiver is not ready yet; sleeping 1s before polling again");
+            SystemClock.sleep(SECOND_IN_MS);
+        }
+        fail("app2 receiver is not ready in " + mUid);
+    }
+
+    protected void registerNetworkCallback(final NetworkRequest request, INetworkCallback cb)
+            throws Exception {
+        Log.i(TAG, "Registering network callback for request: " + request);
+        mServiceClient.registerNetworkCallback(request, cb);
+    }
+
+    protected void unregisterNetworkCallback() throws Exception {
+        mServiceClient.unregisterNetworkCallback();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Registers a {@link NotificationListenerService} implementation that will execute the
+     * notification actions right after the notification is sent.
+     */
+    protected void registerNotificationListenerService() throws Exception {
+        executeShellCommand("cmd notification allow_listener "
+                + MyNotificationListenerService.getId());
+        final NotificationManager nm = mContext.getSystemService(NotificationManager.class);
+        final ComponentName listenerComponent = MyNotificationListenerService.getComponentName();
+        assertTrue(listenerComponent + " has not been granted access",
+                nm.isNotificationListenerAccessGranted(listenerComponent));
+    }
+
+    protected void setPendingIntentAllowlistDuration(long durationMs) {
+        mDeviceIdleDeviceConfigStateHelper.set("notification_allowlist_duration_ms",
+                String.valueOf(durationMs));
+    }
+
+    protected void resetDeviceIdleSettings() {
+        mDeviceIdleDeviceConfigStateHelper.restoreOriginalValues();
+    }
+
+    protected void launchActivity() throws Exception {
+        turnScreenOn();
+        final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        final Intent launchIntent = getIntentForComponent(TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTIY);
+        final RemoteCallback callback = new RemoteCallback(result -> latch.countDown());
+        launchIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_REMOTE_CALLBACK, callback);
+        mContext.startActivity(launchIntent);
+        // There might be a race when app2 is launched but ACTION_FINISH_ACTIVITY has not registered
+        // before test calls finishActivity(). When the issue is happened, there is no way to fix
+        // it, so have a callback design to make sure that the app is launched completely and
+        // ACTION_FINISH_ACTIVITY will be registered before leaving this method.
+        if (!latch.await(LAUNCH_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)) {
+            fail("Timed out waiting for launching activity");
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(int type) throws Exception {
+        launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(type, true);
+    }
+
+    protected void launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(int type, boolean expectAvailable)
+            throws Exception {
+        if (type == TYPE_COMPONENT_FOREGROUND_SERVICE) {
+            startForegroundService();
+            assertForegroundServiceNetworkAccess();
+            return;
+        } else if (type == TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTIY) {
+            turnScreenOn();
+            // Wait for screen-on state to propagate through the system.
+            SystemClock.sleep(2000);
+            final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+            final Intent launchIntent = getIntentForComponent(type);
+            final Bundle extras = new Bundle();
+            final ArrayList<Pair<Integer, String>> result = new ArrayList<>(1);
+            extras.putBinder(KEY_NETWORK_STATE_OBSERVER, getNewNetworkStateObserver(latch, result));
+            extras.putBoolean(KEY_SKIP_VALIDATION_CHECKS, !expectAvailable);
+            launchIntent.putExtras(extras);
+            mContext.startActivity(launchIntent);
+            if (latch.await(ACTIVITY_NETWORK_STATE_TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)) {
+                final int resultCode = result.get(0).first;
+                final String resultData = result.get(0).second;
+                if (resultCode == INetworkStateObserver.RESULT_SUCCESS_NETWORK_STATE_CHECKED) {
+                    final String error = checkForAvailabilityInResultData(
+                            resultData, expectAvailable);
+                    if (error != null) {
+                        fail("Network is not available for activity in app2 (" + mUid + "): "
+                                + error);
+                    }
+                } else if (resultCode == INetworkStateObserver.RESULT_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_PROC_STATE) {
+                    Log.d(TAG, resultData);
+                    // App didn't come to foreground when the activity is started, so try again.
+                    assertForegroundNetworkAccess();
+                } else {
+                    fail("Unexpected resultCode=" + resultCode + "; received=[" + resultData + "]");
+                }
+            } else {
+                fail("Timed out waiting for network availability status from app2's activity ("
+                        + mUid + ")");
+            }
+        } else if (type == TYPE_EXPEDITED_JOB) {
+            final Bundle extras = new Bundle();
+            final ArrayList<Pair<Integer, String>> result = new ArrayList<>(1);
+            final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+            extras.putBinder(KEY_NETWORK_STATE_OBSERVER, getNewNetworkStateObserver(latch, result));
+            extras.putBoolean(KEY_SKIP_VALIDATION_CHECKS, !expectAvailable);
+            final JobInfo jobInfo = new JobInfo.Builder(TEST_JOB_ID, TEST_JOB_COMPONENT)
+                    .setExpedited(true)
+                    .setRequiredNetworkType(JobInfo.NETWORK_TYPE_ANY)
+                    .setTransientExtras(extras)
+                    .build();
+            mServiceClient.scheduleJob(jobInfo);
+            forceRunJob(TEST_APP2_PKG, TEST_JOB_ID);
+            if (latch.await(JOB_NETWORK_STATE_TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)) {
+                final int resultCode = result.get(0).first;
+                final String resultData = result.get(0).second;
+                if (resultCode == INetworkStateObserver.RESULT_SUCCESS_NETWORK_STATE_CHECKED) {
+                    final String error = checkForAvailabilityInResultData(
+                            resultData, expectAvailable);
+                    if (error != null) {
+                        Log.d(TAG, "Network state is unexpected, checking again. " + error);
+                        // Right now we could end up in an unexpected state if expedited job
+                        // doesn't have network access immediately after starting, so check again.
+                        assertNetworkAccess(expectAvailable, false /* needScreenOn */);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    fail("Unexpected resultCode=" + resultCode + "; received=[" + resultData + "]");
+                }
+            } else {
+                fail("Timed out waiting for network availability status from app2's expedited job ("
+                        + mUid + ")");
+            }
+        } else {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown type: " + type);
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void startActivity() throws Exception {
+        final Intent launchIntent = getIntentForComponent(TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTIY);
+        mContext.startActivity(launchIntent);
+    }
+
+    private void startForegroundService() throws Exception {
+        final Intent launchIntent = getIntentForComponent(TYPE_COMPONENT_FOREGROUND_SERVICE);
+        mContext.startForegroundService(launchIntent);
+        assertForegroundServiceState();
+    }
+
+    private Intent getIntentForComponent(int type) {
+        final Intent intent = new Intent();
+        if (type == TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTIY) {
+            intent.setComponent(new ComponentName(TEST_APP2_PKG, TEST_APP2_ACTIVITY_CLASS))
+                    .setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
+        } else if (type == TYPE_COMPONENT_FOREGROUND_SERVICE) {
+            intent.setComponent(new ComponentName(TEST_APP2_PKG, TEST_APP2_SERVICE_CLASS))
+                    .setFlags(1);
+        } else {
+            fail("Unknown type: " + type);
+        }
+        return intent;
+    }
+
+    protected void stopForegroundService() throws Exception {
+        executeShellCommand(String.format("am startservice -f 2 %s/%s",
+                TEST_APP2_PKG, TEST_APP2_SERVICE_CLASS));
+        // NOTE: cannot assert state because it depends on whether activity was on top before.
+    }
+
+    private Binder getNewNetworkStateObserver(final CountDownLatch latch,
+            final ArrayList<Pair<Integer, String>> result) {
+        return new INetworkStateObserver.Stub() {
+            @Override
+            public void onNetworkStateChecked(int resultCode, String resultData) {
+                result.add(Pair.create(resultCode, resultData));
+                latch.countDown();
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Finishes an activity on app2 so its process is demoted from foreground status.
+     */
+    protected void finishActivity() throws Exception {
+        final Intent intent = new Intent(ACTION_FINISH_ACTIVITY)
+                .setPackage(TEST_APP2_PKG)
+                .setFlags(Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_FOREGROUND | Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_REGISTERED_ONLY);
+        sendOrderedBroadcast(intent);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Finishes the expedited job on app2 so its process is demoted from foreground status.
+     */
+    private void finishExpeditedJob() throws Exception {
+        final Intent intent = new Intent(ACTION_FINISH_JOB)
+                .setPackage(TEST_APP2_PKG)
+                .setFlags(Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_FOREGROUND | Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_REGISTERED_ONLY);
+        sendOrderedBroadcast(intent);
+    }
+
+    protected void sendNotification(int notificationId, String notificationType) throws Exception {
+        Log.d(TAG, "Sending notification broadcast (id=" + notificationId
+                + ", type=" + notificationType);
+        mServiceClient.sendNotification(notificationId, notificationType);
+    }
+
+    protected String showToast() {
+        final Intent intent = new Intent(ACTION_SHOW_TOAST);
+        intent.setPackage(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+        Log.d(TAG, "Sending request to show toast");
+        try {
+            return sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, 3 * SECOND_IN_MS);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            return "";
+        }
+    }
+
+    private ProcessState getProcessStateByUid(int uid) throws Exception {
+        return new ProcessState(executeShellCommand("cmd activity get-uid-state " + uid));
+    }
+
+    private static class ProcessState {
+        private final String fullState;
+        final int state;
+
+        ProcessState(String fullState) {
+            this.fullState = fullState;
+            try {
+                this.state = Integer.parseInt(fullState.split(" ")[0]);
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Could not parse " + fullState);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return fullState;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper class used to assert the result of a Shell command.
+     */
+    protected static interface ExpectResultChecker {
+        /**
+         * Checkes whether the result of the command matched the expectation.
+         */
+        boolean isExpected(String result);
+        /**
+         * Gets the expected result so it's displayed on log and failure messages.
+         */
+        String getExpected();
+    }
+
+    protected void setRestrictedNetworkingMode(boolean enabled) throws Exception {
+        executeSilentShellCommand(
+                "settings put global restricted_networking_mode " + (enabled ? 1 : 0));
+        assertRestrictedNetworkingModeState(enabled);
+    }
+
+    protected void assertRestrictedNetworkingModeState(boolean enabled) throws Exception {
+        assertDelayedShellCommand("cmd netpolicy get restricted-mode",
+                "Restricted mode status: " + (enabled ? "enabled" : "disabled"));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AppIdleMeteredTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AppIdleMeteredTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f1858d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AppIdleMeteredTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
+
+@RequiredProperties({METERED_NETWORK})
+public class AppIdleMeteredTest extends AbstractAppIdleTestCase {
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AppIdleNonMeteredTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AppIdleNonMeteredTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e737a6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AppIdleNonMeteredTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.NON_METERED_NETWORK;
+
+@RequiredProperties({NON_METERED_NETWORK})
+public class AppIdleNonMeteredTest extends AbstractAppIdleTestCase {
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/BatterySaverModeMeteredTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/BatterySaverModeMeteredTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c78ca2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/BatterySaverModeMeteredTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
+
+@RequiredProperties({METERED_NETWORK})
+public class BatterySaverModeMeteredTest extends AbstractBatterySaverModeTestCase {
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/BatterySaverModeNonMeteredTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/BatterySaverModeNonMeteredTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb52a54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/BatterySaverModeNonMeteredTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+
+
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.NON_METERED_NETWORK;
+
+@RequiredProperties({NON_METERED_NETWORK})
+public class BatterySaverModeNonMeteredTest extends AbstractBatterySaverModeTestCase {
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DataSaverModeTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DataSaverModeTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f30536
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DataSaverModeTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_DISABLED;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_ENABLED;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_WHITELISTED;
+
+import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.FeatureUtil.isTV;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.setRestrictBackground;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.DATA_SAVER_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.NO_DATA_SAVER_MODE;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.LargeTest;
+
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.CddTest;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+@RequiredProperties({DATA_SAVER_MODE, METERED_NETWORK})
+@LargeTest
+public class DataSaverModeTest extends AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase {
+
+    private static final String[] REQUIRED_WHITELISTED_PACKAGES = {
+        "com.android.providers.downloads"
+    };
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+
+        // Set initial state.
+        setRestrictBackground(false);
+        removeRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(mUid);
+        removeRestrictBackgroundBlacklist(mUid);
+
+        registerBroadcastReceiver();
+        assertRestrictBackgroundChangedReceived(0);
+   }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        super.tearDown();
+
+        setRestrictBackground(false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRestrictBackgroundStatus_disabled() throws Exception {
+        assertDataSaverStatusOnBackground(RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_DISABLED);
+
+        // Verify status is always disabled, never whitelisted
+        addRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(mUid);
+        assertRestrictBackgroundChangedReceived(0);
+        assertDataSaverStatusOnBackground(RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_DISABLED);
+
+        assertsForegroundAlwaysHasNetworkAccess();
+        assertDataSaverStatusOnBackground(RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_DISABLED);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRestrictBackgroundStatus_whitelisted() throws Exception {
+        setRestrictBackground(true);
+        assertRestrictBackgroundChangedReceived(1);
+        assertDataSaverStatusOnBackground(RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_ENABLED);
+
+        addRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(mUid);
+        assertRestrictBackgroundChangedReceived(2);
+        assertDataSaverStatusOnBackground(RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_WHITELISTED);
+
+        removeRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(mUid);
+        assertRestrictBackgroundChangedReceived(3);
+        assertDataSaverStatusOnBackground(RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_ENABLED);
+
+        assertsForegroundAlwaysHasNetworkAccess();
+        assertDataSaverStatusOnBackground(RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_ENABLED);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRestrictBackgroundStatus_enabled() throws Exception {
+        setRestrictBackground(true);
+        assertRestrictBackgroundChangedReceived(1);
+        assertDataSaverStatusOnBackground(RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_ENABLED);
+
+        assertsForegroundAlwaysHasNetworkAccess();
+        assertDataSaverStatusOnBackground(RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_ENABLED);
+
+        // Make sure foreground app doesn't lose access upon enabling Data Saver.
+        setRestrictBackground(false);
+        launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTIY);
+        setRestrictBackground(true);
+        assertForegroundNetworkAccess();
+
+        // Although it should not have access while the screen is off.
+        turnScreenOff();
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+        turnScreenOn();
+        // On some TVs, it is possible that the activity on top may change after the screen is
+        // turned off and on again, so relaunch the activity in the test app again.
+        if (isTV()) {
+            startActivity();
+        }
+        assertForegroundNetworkAccess();
+
+        // Goes back to background state.
+        finishActivity();
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+
+        // Make sure foreground service doesn't lose access upon enabling Data Saver.
+        setRestrictBackground(false);
+        launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(TYPE_COMPONENT_FOREGROUND_SERVICE);
+        setRestrictBackground(true);
+        assertForegroundNetworkAccess();
+        stopForegroundService();
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRestrictBackgroundStatus_blacklisted() throws Exception {
+        addRestrictBackgroundBlacklist(mUid);
+        assertRestrictBackgroundChangedReceived(1);
+        assertDataSaverStatusOnBackground(RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_ENABLED);
+
+        assertsForegroundAlwaysHasNetworkAccess();
+        assertRestrictBackgroundChangedReceived(1);
+        assertDataSaverStatusOnBackground(RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_ENABLED);
+
+        // UID policies live by the Highlander rule: "There can be only one".
+        // Hence, if app is whitelisted, it should not be blacklisted anymore.
+        setRestrictBackground(true);
+        assertRestrictBackgroundChangedReceived(2);
+        assertDataSaverStatusOnBackground(RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_ENABLED);
+        addRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(mUid);
+        assertRestrictBackgroundChangedReceived(3);
+        assertDataSaverStatusOnBackground(RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_WHITELISTED);
+
+        // Check status after removing blacklist.
+        // ...re-enables first
+        addRestrictBackgroundBlacklist(mUid);
+        assertRestrictBackgroundChangedReceived(4);
+        assertDataSaverStatusOnBackground(RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_ENABLED);
+        assertsForegroundAlwaysHasNetworkAccess();
+        // ... remove blacklist - access's still rejected because Data Saver is on
+        removeRestrictBackgroundBlacklist(mUid);
+        assertRestrictBackgroundChangedReceived(4);
+        assertDataSaverStatusOnBackground(RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_ENABLED);
+        assertsForegroundAlwaysHasNetworkAccess();
+        // ... finally, disable Data Saver
+        setRestrictBackground(false);
+        assertRestrictBackgroundChangedReceived(5);
+        assertDataSaverStatusOnBackground(RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_DISABLED);
+        assertsForegroundAlwaysHasNetworkAccess();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRestrictBackgroundStatus_requiredWhitelistedPackages() throws Exception {
+        final StringBuilder error = new StringBuilder();
+        for (String packageName : REQUIRED_WHITELISTED_PACKAGES) {
+            int uid = -1;
+            try {
+                uid = getUid(packageName);
+                assertRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(uid, true);
+            } catch (Throwable t) {
+                error.append("\nFailed for '").append(packageName).append("'");
+                if (uid > 0) {
+                    error.append(" (uid ").append(uid).append(")");
+                }
+                error.append(": ").append(t).append("\n");
+            }
+        }
+        if (error.length() > 0) {
+            fail(error.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @RequiredProperties({NO_DATA_SAVER_MODE})
+    @CddTest(requirement="7.4.7/C-2-2")
+    @Test
+    public void testBroadcastNotSentOnUnsupportedDevices() throws Exception {
+        setRestrictBackground(true);
+        assertRestrictBackgroundChangedReceived(0);
+
+        setRestrictBackground(false);
+        assertRestrictBackgroundChangedReceived(0);
+
+        setRestrictBackground(true);
+        assertRestrictBackgroundChangedReceived(0);
+    }
+
+    private void assertDataSaverStatusOnBackground(int expectedStatus) throws Exception {
+        assertRestrictBackgroundStatus(expectedStatus);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(expectedStatus != RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_ENABLED);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DataWarningReceiverTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DataWarningReceiverTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2e81ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DataWarningReceiverTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.clearSnoozeTimestamps;
+
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.support.test.uiautomator.By;
+import android.support.test.uiautomator.Direction;
+import android.support.test.uiautomator.UiObject2;
+import android.support.test.uiautomator.Until;
+import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager;
+import android.telephony.SubscriptionPlan;
+
+import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry;
+import androidx.test.uiautomator.UiDevice;
+
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil;
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.UiAutomatorUtils;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Assume;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.time.Period;
+import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class DataWarningReceiverTest extends AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase {
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+
+        clearSnoozeTimestamps();
+        registerBroadcastReceiver();
+        turnScreenOn();
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        super.tearDown();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSnoozeWarningNotReceived() throws Exception {
+        Assume.assumeTrue("Feature not supported: " + PackageManager.FEATURE_TELEPHONY,
+                mContext.getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_TELEPHONY));
+        final SubscriptionManager sm = mContext.getSystemService(SubscriptionManager.class);
+        final int subId = SubscriptionManager.getDefaultDataSubscriptionId();
+        Assume.assumeTrue("Valid subId not found",
+                subId != SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID);
+
+        setSubPlanOwner(subId, TEST_PKG);
+        final List<SubscriptionPlan> originalPlans = sm.getSubscriptionPlans(subId);
+        try {
+            // In NetworkPolicyManagerService class, we set the data warning bytes to 90% of
+            // data limit bytes. So, create the subscription plan in such a way this data warning
+            // threshold is already reached.
+            final SubscriptionPlan plan = SubscriptionPlan.Builder
+                    .createRecurring(ZonedDateTime.parse("2007-03-14T00:00:00.000Z"),
+                            Period.ofMonths(1))
+                    .setTitle("CTS")
+                    .setDataLimit(1_000_000_000, SubscriptionPlan.LIMIT_BEHAVIOR_THROTTLED)
+                    .setDataUsage(999_000_000, System.currentTimeMillis())
+                    .build();
+            sm.setSubscriptionPlans(subId, Arrays.asList(plan));
+            final UiDevice uiDevice = UiDevice.getInstance(mInstrumentation);
+            uiDevice.openNotification();
+            try {
+                final UiObject2 uiObject = UiAutomatorUtils.waitFindObject(
+                        By.text("Data warning"));
+                Assume.assumeNotNull(uiObject);
+                uiObject.wait(Until.clickable(true), 10_000L);
+                uiObject.getParent().swipe(Direction.RIGHT, 1.0f);
+            } catch (Throwable t) {
+                Assume.assumeNoException(
+                        "Error occurred while finding and swiping the notification", t);
+            }
+            assertSnoozeWarningNotReceived();
+            uiDevice.pressHome();
+        } finally {
+            sm.setSubscriptionPlans(subId, originalPlans);
+            setSubPlanOwner(subId, "");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void setSubPlanOwner(int subId, String packageName) throws Exception {
+        SystemUtil.runShellCommand(InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation(),
+                "cmd netpolicy set sub-plan-owner " + subId + " " + packageName);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DozeModeMeteredTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DozeModeMeteredTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4306c99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DozeModeMeteredTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
+
+@RequiredProperties({METERED_NETWORK})
+public class DozeModeMeteredTest extends AbstractDozeModeTestCase {
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DozeModeNonMeteredTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DozeModeNonMeteredTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e89f15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DozeModeNonMeteredTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.NON_METERED_NETWORK;
+
+@RequiredProperties({NON_METERED_NETWORK})
+public class DozeModeNonMeteredTest extends AbstractDozeModeTestCase {
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DumpOnFailureRule.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DumpOnFailureRule.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78ae7b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/DumpOnFailureRule.java
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.TAG;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.TEST_APP2_PKG;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.TEST_PKG;
+
+import android.os.Environment;
+import android.os.FileUtils;
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry;
+import androidx.test.uiautomator.UiDevice;
+
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.OnFailureRule;
+
+import org.junit.AssumptionViolatedException;
+import org.junit.runner.Description;
+import org.junit.runners.model.Statement;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+
+public class DumpOnFailureRule extends OnFailureRule {
+    private File mDumpDir = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(),
+            "CtsHostsideNetworkTests");
+
+    @Override
+    public void onTestFailure(Statement base, Description description, Throwable throwable) {
+        if (throwable instanceof AssumptionViolatedException) {
+            final String testName = description.getClassName() + "_" + description.getMethodName();
+            Log.d(TAG, "Skipping test " + testName + ": " + throwable);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        prepareDumpRootDir();
+        final String shortenedTestName = getShortenedTestName(description);
+        final File dumpFile = new File(mDumpDir, "dump-" + shortenedTestName);
+        Log.i(TAG, "Dumping debug info for " + description + ": " + dumpFile.getPath());
+        try (FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(dumpFile)) {
+            for (String cmd : new String[] {
+                    "dumpsys netpolicy",
+                    "dumpsys network_management",
+                    "dumpsys usagestats " + TEST_PKG + " " + TEST_APP2_PKG,
+                    "dumpsys usagestats appstandby",
+                    "dumpsys connectivity trafficcontroller",
+                    "dumpsys netd trafficcontroller",
+            }) {
+                dumpCommandOutput(out, cmd);
+            }
+        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Error opening file: " + dumpFile, e);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Error closing file: " + dumpFile, e);
+        }
+        final UiDevice uiDevice = UiDevice.getInstance(
+                InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation());
+        final File screenshotFile = new File(mDumpDir, "sc-" + shortenedTestName + ".png");
+        uiDevice.takeScreenshot(screenshotFile);
+        final File windowHierarchyFile = new File(mDumpDir, "wh-" + shortenedTestName + ".xml");
+        try {
+            uiDevice.dumpWindowHierarchy(windowHierarchyFile);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Error dumping window hierarchy", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private String getShortenedTestName(Description description) {
+        final String qualifiedClassName = description.getClassName();
+        final String className = qualifiedClassName.substring(
+                qualifiedClassName.lastIndexOf(".") + 1);
+        final String shortenedClassName = className.chars()
+                .filter(Character::isUpperCase)
+                .collect(StringBuilder::new, StringBuilder::appendCodePoint, StringBuilder::append)
+                .toString();
+        return shortenedClassName + "_" + description.getMethodName();
+    }
+
+    void dumpCommandOutput(FileOutputStream out, String cmd) {
+        final ParcelFileDescriptor pfd = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation()
+                .getUiAutomation().executeShellCommand(cmd);
+        try (FileInputStream in = new ParcelFileDescriptor.AutoCloseInputStream(pfd)) {
+            out.write(("Output of '" + cmd + "':\n").getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+            FileUtils.copy(in, out);
+            out.write("\n\n=================================================================\n\n"
+                    .getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Error dumping '" + cmd + "'", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void prepareDumpRootDir() {
+        if (!mDumpDir.exists() && !mDumpDir.mkdir()) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Error creating " + mDumpDir);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ExpeditedJobMeteredTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ExpeditedJobMeteredTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3809534
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ExpeditedJobMeteredTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
+
+@RequiredProperties({METERED_NETWORK})
+public class ExpeditedJobMeteredTest extends AbstractExpeditedJobTest {
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6596269
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.NON_METERED_NETWORK;
+
+@RequiredProperties({NON_METERED_NETWORK})
+public class ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest extends AbstractExpeditedJobTest {
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MeterednessConfigurationRule.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MeterednessConfigurationRule.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c99c67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MeterednessConfigurationRule.java
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.setupActiveNetworkMeteredness;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.NON_METERED_NETWORK;
+
+import android.util.ArraySet;
+
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.BeforeAfterRule;
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.ThrowingRunnable;
+
+import org.junit.runner.Description;
+import org.junit.runners.model.Statement;
+
+public class MeterednessConfigurationRule extends BeforeAfterRule {
+    private ThrowingRunnable mMeterednessResetter;
+
+    @Override
+    public void onBefore(Statement base, Description description) throws Throwable {
+        final ArraySet<Property> requiredProperties
+                = RequiredPropertiesRule.getRequiredProperties();
+        if (requiredProperties.contains(METERED_NETWORK)) {
+            configureNetworkMeteredness(true);
+        } else if (requiredProperties.contains(NON_METERED_NETWORK)) {
+            configureNetworkMeteredness(false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onAfter(Statement base, Description description) throws Throwable {
+        resetNetworkMeteredness();
+    }
+
+    public void configureNetworkMeteredness(boolean metered) throws Exception {
+        mMeterednessResetter = setupActiveNetworkMeteredness(metered);
+    }
+
+    public void resetNetworkMeteredness() throws Exception {
+        if (mMeterednessResetter != null) {
+            mMeterednessResetter.run();
+            mMeterednessResetter = null;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MixedModesTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MixedModesTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9edda6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MixedModesTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.setRestrictBackground;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.APP_STANDBY_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.BATTERY_SAVER_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.DATA_SAVER_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.DOZE_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.METERED_NETWORK;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.NON_METERED_NETWORK;
+
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * Test cases for the more complex scenarios where multiple restrictions (like Battery Saver Mode
+ * and Data Saver Mode) are applied simultaneously.
+ * <p>
+ * <strong>NOTE: </strong>it might sound like the test methods on this class are testing too much,
+ * which would make it harder to diagnose individual failures, but the assumption is that such
+ * failure most likely will happen when the restriction is tested individually as well.
+ */
+public class MixedModesTest extends AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase {
+    private static final String TAG = "MixedModesTest";
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+
+        // Set initial state.
+        removeRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(mUid);
+        removeRestrictBackgroundBlacklist(mUid);
+        removePowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+        removePowerSaveModeExceptIdleWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+
+        registerBroadcastReceiver();
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        super.tearDown();
+
+        try {
+            setRestrictBackground(false);
+        } finally {
+            setBatterySaverMode(false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests all DS ON and BS ON scenarios from network-policy-restrictions.md on metered networks.
+     */
+    @RequiredProperties({DATA_SAVER_MODE, BATTERY_SAVER_MODE, METERED_NETWORK})
+    @Test
+    public void testDataAndBatterySaverModes_meteredNetwork() throws Exception {
+        final MeterednessConfigurationRule meterednessConfiguration
+                = new MeterednessConfigurationRule();
+        meterednessConfiguration.configureNetworkMeteredness(true);
+        try {
+            setRestrictBackground(true);
+            setBatterySaverMode(true);
+
+            Log.v(TAG, "Not whitelisted for any.");
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+            assertsForegroundAlwaysHasNetworkAccess();
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+
+            Log.v(TAG, "Whitelisted for Data Saver but not for Battery Saver.");
+            addRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(mUid);
+            removePowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+            assertsForegroundAlwaysHasNetworkAccess();
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+            removeRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(mUid);
+
+            Log.v(TAG, "Whitelisted for Battery Saver but not for Data Saver.");
+            addPowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+            removeRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(mUid);
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+            assertsForegroundAlwaysHasNetworkAccess();
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+            removePowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+
+            Log.v(TAG, "Whitelisted for both.");
+            addRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(mUid);
+            addPowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+            assertsForegroundAlwaysHasNetworkAccess();
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+            removePowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+            removeRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(mUid);
+
+            Log.v(TAG, "Blacklisted for Data Saver, not whitelisted for Battery Saver.");
+            addRestrictBackgroundBlacklist(mUid);
+            removePowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+            assertsForegroundAlwaysHasNetworkAccess();
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+            removeRestrictBackgroundBlacklist(mUid);
+
+            Log.v(TAG, "Blacklisted for Data Saver, whitelisted for Battery Saver.");
+            addRestrictBackgroundBlacklist(mUid);
+            addPowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+            assertsForegroundAlwaysHasNetworkAccess();
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+            removeRestrictBackgroundBlacklist(mUid);
+            removePowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+        } finally {
+            meterednessConfiguration.resetNetworkMeteredness();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests all DS ON and BS ON scenarios from network-policy-restrictions.md on non-metered
+     * networks.
+     */
+    @RequiredProperties({DATA_SAVER_MODE, BATTERY_SAVER_MODE, NON_METERED_NETWORK})
+    @Test
+    public void testDataAndBatterySaverModes_nonMeteredNetwork() throws Exception {
+        final MeterednessConfigurationRule meterednessConfiguration
+                = new MeterednessConfigurationRule();
+        meterednessConfiguration.configureNetworkMeteredness(false);
+        try {
+            setRestrictBackground(true);
+            setBatterySaverMode(true);
+
+            Log.v(TAG, "Not whitelisted for any.");
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+            assertsForegroundAlwaysHasNetworkAccess();
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+
+            Log.v(TAG, "Whitelisted for Data Saver but not for Battery Saver.");
+            addRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(mUid);
+            removePowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+            assertsForegroundAlwaysHasNetworkAccess();
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+            removeRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(mUid);
+
+            Log.v(TAG, "Whitelisted for Battery Saver but not for Data Saver.");
+            addPowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+            removeRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(mUid);
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+            assertsForegroundAlwaysHasNetworkAccess();
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+            removePowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+
+            Log.v(TAG, "Whitelisted for both.");
+            addRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(mUid);
+            addPowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+            assertsForegroundAlwaysHasNetworkAccess();
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+            removePowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+            removeRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(mUid);
+
+            Log.v(TAG, "Blacklisted for Data Saver, not whitelisted for Battery Saver.");
+            addRestrictBackgroundBlacklist(mUid);
+            removePowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+            assertsForegroundAlwaysHasNetworkAccess();
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+            removeRestrictBackgroundBlacklist(mUid);
+
+            Log.v(TAG, "Blacklisted for Data Saver, whitelisted for Battery Saver.");
+            addRestrictBackgroundBlacklist(mUid);
+            addPowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+            assertsForegroundAlwaysHasNetworkAccess();
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+            removeRestrictBackgroundBlacklist(mUid);
+            removePowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+        } finally {
+            meterednessConfiguration.resetNetworkMeteredness();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests that powersave whitelists works as expected when doze and battery saver modes
+     * are enabled.
+     */
+    @RequiredProperties({DOZE_MODE, BATTERY_SAVER_MODE})
+    @Test
+    public void testDozeAndBatterySaverMode_powerSaveWhitelists() throws Exception {
+        setBatterySaverMode(true);
+        setDozeMode(true);
+
+        try {
+            addPowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+
+            removePowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+
+            addPowerSaveModeExceptIdleWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+
+            removePowerSaveModeExceptIdleWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+        } finally {
+            setBatterySaverMode(false);
+            setDozeMode(false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests that powersave whitelists works as expected when doze and appIdle modes
+     * are enabled.
+     */
+    @RequiredProperties({DOZE_MODE, APP_STANDBY_MODE})
+    @Test
+    public void testDozeAndAppIdle_powerSaveWhitelists() throws Exception {
+        setDozeMode(true);
+        setAppIdle(true);
+
+        try {
+            addPowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+
+            removePowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+
+            addPowerSaveModeExceptIdleWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+
+            removePowerSaveModeExceptIdleWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+        } finally {
+            setAppIdle(false);
+            setDozeMode(false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @RequiredProperties({APP_STANDBY_MODE, DOZE_MODE})
+    @Test
+    public void testAppIdleAndDoze_tempPowerSaveWhitelists() throws Exception {
+        setDozeMode(true);
+        setAppIdle(true);
+
+        try {
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+
+            addTempPowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG, TEMP_POWERSAVE_WHITELIST_DURATION_MS);
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+
+            // Wait until the whitelist duration is expired.
+            SystemClock.sleep(TEMP_POWERSAVE_WHITELIST_DURATION_MS);
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+        } finally {
+            setAppIdle(false);
+            setDozeMode(false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @RequiredProperties({APP_STANDBY_MODE, BATTERY_SAVER_MODE})
+    @Test
+    public void testAppIdleAndBatterySaver_tempPowerSaveWhitelists() throws Exception {
+        setBatterySaverMode(true);
+        setAppIdle(true);
+
+        try {
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+
+            addTempPowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG, TEMP_POWERSAVE_WHITELIST_DURATION_MS);
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+
+            // Wait until the whitelist duration is expired.
+            SystemClock.sleep(TEMP_POWERSAVE_WHITELIST_DURATION_MS);
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+        } finally {
+            setAppIdle(false);
+            setBatterySaverMode(false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests that the app idle whitelist works as expected when doze and appIdle mode are enabled.
+     */
+    @RequiredProperties({DOZE_MODE, APP_STANDBY_MODE})
+    @Test
+    public void testDozeAndAppIdle_appIdleWhitelist() throws Exception {
+        setDozeMode(true);
+        setAppIdle(true);
+
+        try {
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+
+            // UID still shouldn't have access because of Doze.
+            addAppIdleWhitelist(mUid);
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+
+            removeAppIdleWhitelist(mUid);
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+        } finally {
+            setAppIdle(false);
+            setDozeMode(false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @RequiredProperties({APP_STANDBY_MODE, DOZE_MODE})
+    @Test
+    public void testAppIdleAndDoze_tempPowerSaveAndAppIdleWhitelists() throws Exception {
+        setDozeMode(true);
+        setAppIdle(true);
+
+        try {
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+
+            addAppIdleWhitelist(mUid);
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+
+            addTempPowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG, TEMP_POWERSAVE_WHITELIST_DURATION_MS);
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+
+            // Wait until the whitelist duration is expired.
+            SystemClock.sleep(TEMP_POWERSAVE_WHITELIST_DURATION_MS);
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+        } finally {
+            setAppIdle(false);
+            setDozeMode(false);
+            removeAppIdleWhitelist(mUid);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @RequiredProperties({APP_STANDBY_MODE, BATTERY_SAVER_MODE})
+    @Test
+    public void testAppIdleAndBatterySaver_tempPowerSaveAndAppIdleWhitelists() throws Exception {
+        setBatterySaverMode(true);
+        setAppIdle(true);
+
+        try {
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+
+            addAppIdleWhitelist(mUid);
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+
+            addTempPowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG, TEMP_POWERSAVE_WHITELIST_DURATION_MS);
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+
+            // Wait until the whitelist duration is expired.
+            SystemClock.sleep(TEMP_POWERSAVE_WHITELIST_DURATION_MS);
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+        } finally {
+            setAppIdle(false);
+            setBatterySaverMode(false);
+            removeAppIdleWhitelist(mUid);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MyActivity.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MyActivity.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..55eec11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MyActivity.java
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+
+import android.app.Activity;
+import android.app.KeyguardManager;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.view.WindowManager;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+public class MyActivity extends Activity {
+    private final LinkedBlockingQueue<Integer> mResult = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(1);
+
+    @Override
+    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
+        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
+
+        getWindow().addFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_KEEP_SCREEN_ON
+                | WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_TURN_SCREEN_ON
+                | WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_DISMISS_KEYGUARD);
+
+        // Dismiss the keyguard so that the tests can click on the VPN confirmation dialog.
+        // FLAG_DISMISS_KEYGUARD is not sufficient to do this because as soon as the dialog appears,
+        // this activity goes into the background and the keyguard reappears.
+        getSystemService(KeyguardManager.class).requestDismissKeyguard(this, null /* callback */);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
+        if (mResult.offer(resultCode) == false) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Queue is full! This should never happen");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public Integer getResult(int timeoutMs) throws InterruptedException {
+        return mResult.poll(timeoutMs, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MyNotificationListenerService.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MyNotificationListenerService.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0132536
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MyNotificationListenerService.java
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+
+import android.app.Notification;
+import android.app.PendingIntent;
+import android.app.PendingIntent.CanceledException;
+import android.app.RemoteInput;
+import android.content.ComponentName;
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.service.notification.NotificationListenerService;
+import android.service.notification.StatusBarNotification;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+/**
+ * NotificationListenerService implementation that executes the notification actions once they're
+ * created.
+ */
+public class MyNotificationListenerService extends NotificationListenerService {
+    private static final String TAG = "MyNotificationListenerService";
+
+    @Override
+    public void onListenerConnected() {
+        Log.d(TAG, "onListenerConnected()");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onNotificationPosted(StatusBarNotification sbn) {
+        Log.d(TAG, "onNotificationPosted(): "  + sbn);
+        if (!sbn.getPackageName().startsWith(getPackageName())) {
+            Log.v(TAG, "ignoring notification from a different package");
+            return;
+        }
+        final PendingIntentSender sender = new PendingIntentSender();
+        final Notification notification = sbn.getNotification();
+        if (notification.contentIntent != null) {
+            sender.send("content", notification.contentIntent);
+        }
+        if (notification.deleteIntent != null) {
+            sender.send("delete", notification.deleteIntent);
+        }
+        if (notification.fullScreenIntent != null) {
+            sender.send("full screen", notification.fullScreenIntent);
+        }
+        if (notification.actions != null) {
+            for (Notification.Action action : notification.actions) {
+                sender.send("action", action.actionIntent);
+                sender.send("action extras", action.getExtras());
+                final RemoteInput[] remoteInputs = action.getRemoteInputs();
+                if (remoteInputs != null && remoteInputs.length > 0) {
+                    for (RemoteInput remoteInput : remoteInputs) {
+                        sender.send("remote input extras", remoteInput.getExtras());
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        sender.send("notification extras", notification.extras);
+    }
+
+    static String getId() {
+        return String.format("%s/%s", MyNotificationListenerService.class.getPackage().getName(),
+                MyNotificationListenerService.class.getName());
+    }
+
+    static ComponentName getComponentName() {
+        return new ComponentName(MyNotificationListenerService.class.getPackage().getName(),
+                MyNotificationListenerService.class.getName());
+    }
+
+    private static final class PendingIntentSender {
+        private PendingIntent mSentIntent = null;
+        private String mReason = null;
+
+        private void send(String reason, PendingIntent pendingIntent) {
+            if (pendingIntent == null) {
+                // Could happen on action that only has extras
+                Log.v(TAG, "Not sending null pending intent for " + reason);
+                return;
+            }
+            if (mSentIntent != null || mReason != null) {
+                // Sanity check: make sure test case set up just one pending intent in the
+                // notification, otherwise it could pass because another pending intent caused the
+                // whitelisting.
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Already sent a PendingIntent (" + mSentIntent
+                        + ") for reason '" + mReason + "' when requested another for '" + reason
+                        + "' (" + pendingIntent + ")");
+            }
+            Log.i(TAG, "Sending pending intent for " + reason + ":" + pendingIntent);
+            try {
+                pendingIntent.send();
+                mSentIntent = pendingIntent;
+                mReason = reason;
+            } catch (CanceledException e) {
+                Log.w(TAG, "Pending intent " + pendingIntent + " canceled");
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void send(String reason, Bundle extras) {
+            if (extras != null) {
+                for (String key : extras.keySet()) {
+                    Object value = extras.get(key);
+                    if (value instanceof PendingIntent) {
+                        send(reason + " with key '" + key + "'", (PendingIntent) value);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MyServiceClient.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MyServiceClient.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b70f9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MyServiceClient.java
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+
+import android.app.job.JobInfo;
+import android.content.ComponentName;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.ServiceConnection;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.os.ConditionVariable;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+
+public class MyServiceClient {
+    private static final int TIMEOUT_MS = 5000;
+    private static final String PACKAGE = MyServiceClient.class.getPackage().getName();
+    private static final String APP2_PACKAGE = PACKAGE + ".app2";
+    private static final String SERVICE_NAME = APP2_PACKAGE + ".MyService";
+
+    private Context mContext;
+    private ServiceConnection mServiceConnection;
+    private IMyService mService;
+
+    public MyServiceClient(Context context) {
+        mContext = context;
+    }
+
+    public void bind() {
+        if (mService != null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Already bound");
+        }
+
+        final ConditionVariable cv = new ConditionVariable();
+        mServiceConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
+            @Override
+            public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
+                mService = IMyService.Stub.asInterface(service);
+                cv.open();
+            }
+            @Override
+            public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
+                mService = null;
+            }
+        };
+
+        final Intent intent = new Intent();
+        intent.setComponent(new ComponentName(APP2_PACKAGE, SERVICE_NAME));
+        // Needs to use BIND_NOT_FOREGROUND so app2 does not run in
+        // the same process state as app
+        mContext.bindService(intent, mServiceConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE
+                | Context.BIND_NOT_FOREGROUND);
+        cv.block(TIMEOUT_MS);
+        if (mService == null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "Could not bind to MyService service after " + TIMEOUT_MS + "ms");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void unbind() {
+        if (mService != null) {
+            mContext.unbindService(mServiceConnection);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void registerBroadcastReceiver() throws RemoteException {
+        mService.registerBroadcastReceiver();
+    }
+
+    public int getCounters(String receiverName, String action) throws RemoteException {
+        return mService.getCounters(receiverName, action);
+    }
+
+    public String checkNetworkStatus() throws RemoteException {
+        return mService.checkNetworkStatus();
+    }
+
+    public String getRestrictBackgroundStatus() throws RemoteException {
+        return mService.getRestrictBackgroundStatus();
+    }
+
+    public void sendNotification(int notificationId, String notificationType)
+            throws RemoteException {
+        mService.sendNotification(notificationId, notificationType);
+    }
+
+    public void registerNetworkCallback(final NetworkRequest request, INetworkCallback cb)
+            throws RemoteException {
+        mService.registerNetworkCallback(request, cb);
+    }
+
+    public void unregisterNetworkCallback() throws RemoteException {
+        mService.unregisterNetworkCallback();
+    }
+
+    public void scheduleJob(JobInfo jobInfo) throws RemoteException {
+        mService.scheduleJob(jobInfo);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MyVpnService.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MyVpnService.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..449454e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MyVpnService.java
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager.NameNotFoundException;
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkUtils;
+import android.net.ProxyInfo;
+import android.net.VpnService;
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.Pair;
+
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.VpnServiceBuilderShimImpl;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.UnsupportedApiLevelException;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.VpnServiceBuilderShim;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+
+public class MyVpnService extends VpnService {
+
+    private static String TAG = "MyVpnService";
+    private static int MTU = 1799;
+
+    public static final String ACTION_ESTABLISHED = "com.android.cts.net.hostside.ESTABNLISHED";
+    public static final String EXTRA_ALWAYS_ON = "is-always-on";
+    public static final String EXTRA_LOCKDOWN_ENABLED = "is-lockdown-enabled";
+    public static final String CMD_CONNECT = "connect";
+    public static final String CMD_DISCONNECT = "disconnect";
+    public static final String CMD_UPDATE_UNDERLYING_NETWORKS = "update_underlying_networks";
+
+    private ParcelFileDescriptor mFd = null;
+    private PacketReflector mPacketReflector = null;
+
+    @Override
+    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
+        String packageName = getPackageName();
+        String cmd = intent.getStringExtra(packageName + ".cmd");
+        if (CMD_DISCONNECT.equals(cmd)) {
+            stop();
+        } else if (CMD_CONNECT.equals(cmd)) {
+            start(packageName, intent);
+        } else if (CMD_UPDATE_UNDERLYING_NETWORKS.equals(cmd)) {
+            updateUnderlyingNetworks(packageName, intent);
+        }
+
+        return START_NOT_STICKY;
+    }
+
+    private void updateUnderlyingNetworks(String packageName, Intent intent) {
+        final ArrayList<Network> underlyingNetworks =
+                intent.getParcelableArrayListExtra(packageName + ".underlyingNetworks");
+        setUnderlyingNetworks(
+                (underlyingNetworks != null) ? underlyingNetworks.toArray(new Network[0]) : null);
+    }
+
+    private String parseIpAndMaskListArgument(String packageName, Intent intent, String argName,
+            BiConsumer<InetAddress, Integer> consumer) {
+        final String addresses = intent.getStringExtra(packageName + "." + argName);
+
+        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(addresses)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        final String[] addressesArray = addresses.split(",");
+        for (String address : addressesArray) {
+            final Pair<InetAddress, Integer> ipAndMask = NetworkUtils.parseIpAndMask(address);
+            consumer.accept(ipAndMask.first, ipAndMask.second);
+        }
+
+        return addresses;
+    }
+
+    private String parseIpPrefixListArgument(String packageName, Intent intent, String argName,
+            Consumer<IpPrefix> consumer) {
+        return parseIpAndMaskListArgument(packageName, intent, argName,
+                (inetAddress, prefixLength) -> consumer.accept(
+                        new IpPrefix(inetAddress, prefixLength)));
+    }
+
+    private void start(String packageName, Intent intent) {
+        Builder builder = new Builder();
+        VpnServiceBuilderShim vpnServiceBuilderShim = VpnServiceBuilderShimImpl.newInstance();
+
+        final String addresses = parseIpAndMaskListArgument(packageName, intent, "addresses",
+                builder::addAddress);
+
+        String addedRoutes;
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT() && intent.getBooleanExtra(packageName + ".addRoutesByIpPrefix",
+                false)) {
+            addedRoutes = parseIpPrefixListArgument(packageName, intent, "routes", (prefix) -> {
+                try {
+                    vpnServiceBuilderShim.addRoute(builder, prefix);
+                } catch (UnsupportedApiLevelException e) {
+                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
+                }
+            });
+        } else {
+            addedRoutes = parseIpAndMaskListArgument(packageName, intent, "routes",
+                    builder::addRoute);
+        }
+
+        String excludedRoutes = null;
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
+            excludedRoutes = parseIpPrefixListArgument(packageName, intent, "excludedRoutes",
+                    (prefix) -> {
+                        try {
+                            vpnServiceBuilderShim.excludeRoute(builder, prefix);
+                        } catch (UnsupportedApiLevelException e) {
+                            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+                        }
+                    });
+        }
+
+        String allowed = intent.getStringExtra(packageName + ".allowedapplications");
+        if (allowed != null) {
+            String[] packageArray = allowed.split(",");
+            for (int i = 0; i < packageArray.length; i++) {
+                String allowedPackage = packageArray[i];
+                if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(allowedPackage)) {
+                    try {
+                        builder.addAllowedApplication(allowedPackage);
+                    } catch(NameNotFoundException e) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        String disallowed = intent.getStringExtra(packageName + ".disallowedapplications");
+        if (disallowed != null) {
+            String[] packageArray = disallowed.split(",");
+            for (int i = 0; i < packageArray.length; i++) {
+                String disallowedPackage = packageArray[i];
+                if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(disallowedPackage)) {
+                    try {
+                        builder.addDisallowedApplication(disallowedPackage);
+                    } catch(NameNotFoundException e) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        ArrayList<Network> underlyingNetworks =
+                intent.getParcelableArrayListExtra(packageName + ".underlyingNetworks");
+        if (underlyingNetworks == null) {
+            // VPN tracks default network
+            builder.setUnderlyingNetworks(null);
+        } else {
+            builder.setUnderlyingNetworks(underlyingNetworks.toArray(new Network[0]));
+        }
+
+        boolean isAlwaysMetered = intent.getBooleanExtra(packageName + ".isAlwaysMetered", false);
+        builder.setMetered(isAlwaysMetered);
+
+        ProxyInfo vpnProxy = intent.getParcelableExtra(packageName + ".httpProxy");
+        builder.setHttpProxy(vpnProxy);
+        builder.setMtu(MTU);
+        builder.setBlocking(true);
+        builder.setSession("MyVpnService");
+
+        Log.i(TAG, "Establishing VPN,"
+                + " addresses=" + addresses
+                + " addedRoutes=" + addedRoutes
+                + " excludedRoutes=" + excludedRoutes
+                + " allowedApplications=" + allowed
+                + " disallowedApplications=" + disallowed);
+
+        mFd = builder.establish();
+        Log.i(TAG, "Established, fd=" + (mFd == null ? "null" : mFd.getFd()));
+
+        broadcastEstablished();
+
+        mPacketReflector = new PacketReflector(mFd.getFileDescriptor(), MTU);
+        mPacketReflector.start();
+    }
+
+    private void broadcastEstablished() {
+        final Intent bcIntent = new Intent(ACTION_ESTABLISHED);
+        bcIntent.putExtra(EXTRA_ALWAYS_ON, isAlwaysOn());
+        bcIntent.putExtra(EXTRA_LOCKDOWN_ENABLED, isLockdownEnabled());
+        sendBroadcast(bcIntent);
+    }
+
+    private void stop() {
+        if (mPacketReflector != null) {
+            mPacketReflector.interrupt();
+            mPacketReflector = null;
+        }
+        try {
+            if (mFd != null) {
+                Log.i(TAG, "Closing filedescriptor");
+                mFd.close();
+            }
+        } catch(IOException e) {
+        } finally {
+            mFd = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onDestroy() {
+        stop();
+        super.onDestroy();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkCallbackTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkCallbackTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0715e32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkCallbackTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.SIGNAL_STRENGTH_UNSPECIFIED;
+
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.canChangeActiveNetworkMeteredness;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.getActiveNetworkCapabilities;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.setRestrictBackground;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.BATTERY_SAVER_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.DATA_SAVER_MODE;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
+
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+public class NetworkCallbackTest extends AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase {
+    private Network mNetwork;
+    private final TestNetworkCallback mTestNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+    @Rule
+    public final MeterednessConfigurationRule mMeterednessConfiguration
+            = new MeterednessConfigurationRule();
+
+    enum CallbackState {
+        NONE,
+        AVAILABLE,
+        LOST,
+        BLOCKED_STATUS,
+        CAPABILITIES
+    }
+
+    private static class CallbackInfo {
+        public final CallbackState state;
+        public final Network network;
+        public final Object arg;
+
+        CallbackInfo(CallbackState s, Network n, Object o) {
+            state = s; network = n; arg = o;
+        }
+
+        public String toString() {
+            return String.format("%s (%s) (%s)", state, network, arg);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean equals(Object o) {
+            if (!(o instanceof CallbackInfo)) return false;
+            // Ignore timeMs, since it's unpredictable.
+            final CallbackInfo other = (CallbackInfo) o;
+            return (state == other.state) && Objects.equals(network, other.network)
+                    && Objects.equals(arg, other.arg);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int hashCode() {
+            return Objects.hash(state, network, arg);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class TestNetworkCallback extends INetworkCallback.Stub {
+        private static final int TEST_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS = 30_000;
+        private static final int TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS = 5_000;
+
+        private final LinkedBlockingQueue<CallbackInfo> mCallbacks = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();
+
+        protected void setLastCallback(CallbackState state, Network network, Object o) {
+            mCallbacks.offer(new CallbackInfo(state, network, o));
+        }
+
+        CallbackInfo nextCallback(int timeoutMs) {
+            CallbackInfo cb = null;
+            try {
+                cb = mCallbacks.poll(timeoutMs, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            }
+            if (cb == null) {
+                fail("Did not receive callback after " + timeoutMs + "ms");
+            }
+            return cb;
+        }
+
+        CallbackInfo expectCallback(CallbackState state, Network expectedNetwork, Object o) {
+            final CallbackInfo expected = new CallbackInfo(state, expectedNetwork, o);
+            final CallbackInfo actual = nextCallback(TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS);
+            assertEquals("Unexpected callback:", expected, actual);
+            return actual;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onAvailable(Network network) {
+            setLastCallback(CallbackState.AVAILABLE, network, null);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onLost(Network network) {
+            setLastCallback(CallbackState.LOST, network, null);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onBlockedStatusChanged(Network network, boolean blocked) {
+            setLastCallback(CallbackState.BLOCKED_STATUS, network, blocked);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onCapabilitiesChanged(Network network, NetworkCapabilities cap) {
+            setLastCallback(CallbackState.CAPABILITIES, network, cap);
+        }
+
+        public Network expectAvailableCallbackAndGetNetwork() {
+            final CallbackInfo cb = nextCallback(TEST_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS);
+            if (cb.state != CallbackState.AVAILABLE) {
+                fail("Network is not available. Instead obtained the following callback :"
+                        + cb);
+            }
+            return cb.network;
+        }
+
+        public void expectBlockedStatusCallback(Network expectedNetwork, boolean expectBlocked) {
+            expectCallback(CallbackState.BLOCKED_STATUS, expectedNetwork, expectBlocked);
+        }
+
+        public void expectBlockedStatusCallbackEventually(Network expectedNetwork,
+                boolean expectBlocked) {
+            final long deadline = System.currentTimeMillis() + TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS;
+            do {
+                final CallbackInfo cb = nextCallback((int) (deadline - System.currentTimeMillis()));
+                if (cb.state == CallbackState.BLOCKED_STATUS
+                        && cb.network.equals(expectedNetwork)) {
+                    assertEquals(expectBlocked, cb.arg);
+                    return;
+                }
+            } while (System.currentTimeMillis() <= deadline);
+            fail("Didn't receive onBlockedStatusChanged()");
+        }
+
+        public void expectCapabilitiesCallbackEventually(Network expectedNetwork, boolean hasCap,
+                int cap) {
+            final long deadline = System.currentTimeMillis() + TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS;
+            do {
+                final CallbackInfo cb = nextCallback((int) (deadline - System.currentTimeMillis()));
+                if (cb.state != CallbackState.CAPABILITIES
+                        || !expectedNetwork.equals(cb.network)
+                        || (hasCap != ((NetworkCapabilities) cb.arg).hasCapability(cap))) {
+                    Log.i("NetworkCallbackTest#expectCapabilitiesCallback",
+                            "Ignoring non-matching callback : " + cb);
+                    continue;
+                }
+                // Found a match, return
+                return;
+            } while (System.currentTimeMillis() <= deadline);
+            fail("Didn't receive the expected callback to onCapabilitiesChanged(). Check the "
+                    + "log for a list of received callbacks, if any.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+
+        assumeTrue(canChangeActiveNetworkMeteredness());
+
+        registerBroadcastReceiver();
+
+        removeRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(mUid);
+        removeRestrictBackgroundBlacklist(mUid);
+        assertRestrictBackgroundChangedReceived(0);
+
+        // Initial state
+        setBatterySaverMode(false);
+        setRestrictBackground(false);
+
+        // Get transports of the active network, this has to be done before changing meteredness,
+        // since wifi will be disconnected when changing from non-metered to metered.
+        final NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities = getActiveNetworkCapabilities();
+
+        // Mark network as metered.
+        mMeterednessConfiguration.configureNetworkMeteredness(true);
+
+        // Register callback, copy the capabilities from the active network to expect the "original"
+        // network before disconnecting, but null out some fields to prevent over-specified.
+        registerNetworkCallback(new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .setCapabilities(networkCapabilities.setTransportInfo(null))
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
+                .setSignalStrength(SIGNAL_STRENGTH_UNSPECIFIED).build(), mTestNetworkCallback);
+        // Wait for onAvailable() callback to ensure network is available before the test
+        // and store the default network.
+        mNetwork = mTestNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbackAndGetNetwork();
+        // Check that the network is metered.
+        mTestNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesCallbackEventually(mNetwork,
+                false /* hasCapability */, NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        mTestNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(mNetwork, false);
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        super.tearDown();
+
+        setRestrictBackground(false);
+        setBatterySaverMode(false);
+        unregisterNetworkCallback();
+    }
+
+    @RequiredProperties({DATA_SAVER_MODE})
+    @Test
+    public void testOnBlockedStatusChanged_dataSaver() throws Exception {
+        try {
+            // Enable restrict background
+            setRestrictBackground(true);
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+            mTestNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallbackEventually(mNetwork, true);
+
+            // Add to whitelist
+            addRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(mUid);
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+            mTestNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallbackEventually(mNetwork, false);
+
+            // Remove from whitelist
+            removeRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(mUid);
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+            mTestNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallbackEventually(mNetwork, true);
+        } finally {
+            mMeterednessConfiguration.resetNetworkMeteredness();
+        }
+
+        // Set to non-metered network
+        mMeterednessConfiguration.configureNetworkMeteredness(false);
+        mTestNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesCallbackEventually(mNetwork,
+                true /* hasCapability */, NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        try {
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+            mTestNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallbackEventually(mNetwork, false);
+
+            // Disable restrict background, should not trigger callback
+            setRestrictBackground(false);
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+        } finally {
+            mMeterednessConfiguration.resetNetworkMeteredness();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @RequiredProperties({BATTERY_SAVER_MODE})
+    @Test
+    public void testOnBlockedStatusChanged_powerSaver() throws Exception {
+        try {
+            // Enable Power Saver
+            setBatterySaverMode(true);
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+            mTestNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallbackEventually(mNetwork, true);
+
+            // Disable Power Saver
+            setBatterySaverMode(false);
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+            mTestNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallbackEventually(mNetwork, false);
+        } finally {
+            mMeterednessConfiguration.resetNetworkMeteredness();
+        }
+
+        // Set to non-metered network
+        mMeterednessConfiguration.configureNetworkMeteredness(false);
+        mTestNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesCallbackEventually(mNetwork,
+                true /* hasCapability */, NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        try {
+            // Enable Power Saver
+            setBatterySaverMode(true);
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+            mTestNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallbackEventually(mNetwork, true);
+
+            // Disable Power Saver
+            setBatterySaverMode(false);
+            assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+            mTestNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallbackEventually(mNetwork, false);
+        } finally {
+            mMeterednessConfiguration.resetNetworkMeteredness();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // TODO: 1. test against VPN lockdown.
+    //       2. test against multiple networks.
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyManagerTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0d88c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyManagerTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+
+import static android.os.Process.SYSTEM_UID;
+
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.assertIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.assertNetworkingBlockedStatusForUid;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isUidNetworkingBlocked;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.setRestrictBackground;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.BATTERY_SAVER_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.DATA_SAVER_MODE;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class NetworkPolicyManagerTest extends AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase {
+    private static final boolean METERED = true;
+    private static final boolean NON_METERED = false;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+
+        registerBroadcastReceiver();
+
+        removeRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(mUid);
+        removeRestrictBackgroundBlacklist(mUid);
+        assertRestrictBackgroundChangedReceived(0);
+
+        // Initial state
+        setBatterySaverMode(false);
+        setRestrictBackground(false);
+        setRestrictedNetworkingMode(false);
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        super.tearDown();
+
+        setBatterySaverMode(false);
+        setRestrictBackground(false);
+        setRestrictedNetworkingMode(false);
+        unregisterNetworkCallback();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_withUidNotBlocked() throws Exception {
+        // Refer to NetworkPolicyManagerService#isUidNetworkingBlockedInternal(), this test is to
+        // test the cases of non-metered network and uid not matched by any rule.
+        // If mUid is not blocked by data saver mode or power saver mode, no matter the network is
+        // metered or non-metered, mUid shouldn't be blocked.
+        assertFalse(isUidNetworkingBlocked(mUid, METERED)); // Match NTWK_ALLOWED_DEFAULT
+        assertFalse(isUidNetworkingBlocked(mUid, NON_METERED)); // Match NTWK_ALLOWED_NON_METERED
+    }
+
+    @RequiredProperties({DATA_SAVER_MODE, BATTERY_SAVER_MODE})
+    @Test
+    public void testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_withSystemUid() throws Exception {
+        // Refer to NetworkPolicyManagerService#isUidNetworkingBlockedInternal(), this test is to
+        // test the case of uid is system uid.
+        // SYSTEM_UID will never be blocked.
+        assertFalse(isUidNetworkingBlocked(SYSTEM_UID, METERED)); // Match NTWK_ALLOWED_SYSTEM
+        assertFalse(isUidNetworkingBlocked(SYSTEM_UID, NON_METERED)); // Match NTWK_ALLOWED_SYSTEM
+        try {
+            setRestrictBackground(true);
+            setBatterySaverMode(true);
+            setRestrictedNetworkingMode(true);
+            assertNetworkingBlockedStatusForUid(SYSTEM_UID, METERED,
+                    false /* expectedResult */); // Match NTWK_ALLOWED_SYSTEM
+            assertFalse(
+                    isUidNetworkingBlocked(SYSTEM_UID, NON_METERED)); // Match NTWK_ALLOWED_SYSTEM
+        } finally {
+            setRestrictBackground(false);
+            setBatterySaverMode(false);
+            setRestrictedNetworkingMode(false);
+            assertNetworkingBlockedStatusForUid(mUid, METERED,
+                    false /* expectedResult */); // Match NTWK_ALLOWED_DEFAULT
+        }
+    }
+
+    @RequiredProperties({DATA_SAVER_MODE})
+    @Test
+    public void testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_withDataSaverMode() throws Exception {
+        // Refer to NetworkPolicyManagerService#isUidNetworkingBlockedInternal(), this test is to
+        // test the cases of non-metered network, uid is matched by restrict background blacklist,
+        // uid is matched by restrict background whitelist, app is in the foreground with restrict
+        // background enabled and the app is in the background with restrict background enabled.
+        try {
+            // Enable restrict background and mUid will be blocked because it's not in the
+            // foreground.
+            setRestrictBackground(true);
+            assertNetworkingBlockedStatusForUid(mUid, METERED,
+                    true /* expectedResult */); // Match NTWK_BLOCKED_BG_RESTRICT
+
+            // Although restrict background is enabled and mUid is in the background, but mUid will
+            // not be blocked if network is non-metered.
+            assertFalse(
+                    isUidNetworkingBlocked(mUid, NON_METERED)); // Match NTWK_ALLOWED_NON_METERED
+
+            // Add mUid into the restrict background blacklist.
+            addRestrictBackgroundBlacklist(mUid);
+            assertNetworkingBlockedStatusForUid(mUid, METERED,
+                    true /* expectedResult */); // Match NTWK_BLOCKED_DENYLIST
+
+            // Although mUid is in the restrict background blacklist, but mUid won't be blocked if
+            // the network is non-metered.
+            assertFalse(
+                    isUidNetworkingBlocked(mUid, NON_METERED)); // Match NTWK_ALLOWED_NON_METERED
+            removeRestrictBackgroundBlacklist(mUid);
+
+            // Add mUid into the restrict background whitelist.
+            addRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(mUid);
+            assertNetworkingBlockedStatusForUid(mUid, METERED,
+                    false /* expectedResult */); // Match NTWK_ALLOWED_ALLOWLIST
+            assertFalse(
+                    isUidNetworkingBlocked(mUid, NON_METERED)); // Match NTWK_ALLOWED_NON_METERED
+            removeRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(mUid);
+
+            // Make TEST_APP2_PKG go to foreground and mUid will be allowed temporarily.
+            launchActivity();
+            assertForegroundState();
+            assertNetworkingBlockedStatusForUid(mUid, METERED,
+                    false /* expectedResult */); // Match NTWK_ALLOWED_TMP_ALLOWLIST
+
+            // Back to background.
+            finishActivity();
+            assertBackgroundState();
+            assertNetworkingBlockedStatusForUid(mUid, METERED,
+                    true /* expectedResult */); // Match NTWK_BLOCKED_BG_RESTRICT
+        } finally {
+            setRestrictBackground(false);
+            assertNetworkingBlockedStatusForUid(mUid, METERED,
+                    false /* expectedResult */); // Match NTWK_ALLOWED_DEFAULT
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_withRestrictedNetworkingMode() throws Exception {
+        // Refer to NetworkPolicyManagerService#isUidNetworkingBlockedInternal(), this test is to
+        // test the cases of restricted networking mode enabled.
+        try {
+            // All apps should be blocked if restricted networking mode is enabled except for those
+            // apps who have CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS permission.
+            // This test won't test if an app who has CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS will not
+            // be blocked because CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS is a signature/privileged
+            // permission that CTS cannot acquire. Also it's not good for this test to use those
+            // privileged apps which have CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS to test because there
+            // is no guarantee that those apps won't remove this permission someday, and if it
+            // happens, then this test will fail.
+            setRestrictedNetworkingMode(true);
+            assertNetworkingBlockedStatusForUid(mUid, METERED,
+                    true /* expectedResult */); // Match NTWK_BLOCKED_RESTRICTED_MODE
+            assertTrue(isUidNetworkingBlocked(mUid,
+                    NON_METERED)); // Match NTWK_BLOCKED_RESTRICTED_MODE
+        } finally {
+            setRestrictedNetworkingMode(false);
+            assertNetworkingBlockedStatusForUid(mUid, METERED,
+                    false /* expectedResult */); // Match NTWK_ALLOWED_DEFAULT
+        }
+    }
+
+    @RequiredProperties({BATTERY_SAVER_MODE})
+    @Test
+    public void testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_withPowerSaverMode() throws Exception {
+        // Refer to NetworkPolicyManagerService#isUidNetworkingBlockedInternal(), this test is to
+        // test the cases of power saver mode enabled, uid in the power saver mode whitelist and
+        // uid in the power saver mode whitelist with non-metered network.
+        try {
+            // mUid should be blocked if power saver mode is enabled.
+            setBatterySaverMode(true);
+            assertNetworkingBlockedStatusForUid(mUid, METERED,
+                    true /* expectedResult */); // Match NTWK_BLOCKED_POWER
+            assertTrue(isUidNetworkingBlocked(mUid, NON_METERED)); // Match NTWK_BLOCKED_POWER
+
+            // Add TEST_APP2_PKG into power saver mode whitelist, its uid rule is RULE_ALLOW_ALL and
+            // it shouldn't be blocked.
+            addPowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+            assertNetworkingBlockedStatusForUid(mUid, METERED,
+                    false /* expectedResult */); // Match NTWK_ALLOWED_DEFAULT
+            assertFalse(
+                    isUidNetworkingBlocked(mUid, NON_METERED)); // Match NTWK_ALLOWED_NON_METERED
+            removePowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+        } finally {
+            setBatterySaverMode(false);
+            assertNetworkingBlockedStatusForUid(mUid, METERED,
+                    false /* expectedResult */); // Match NTWK_ALLOWED_DEFAULT
+        }
+    }
+
+    @RequiredProperties({DATA_SAVER_MODE})
+    @Test
+    public void testIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks() throws Exception {
+        try {
+            // isUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks() will only return true when restrict background is
+            // enabled and mUid is not in the restrict background whitelist and TEST_APP2_PKG is not
+            // in the foreground. For other cases, it will return false.
+            setRestrictBackground(true);
+            assertIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(mUid, true /* expectedResult */);
+
+            // Make TEST_APP2_PKG go to foreground and isUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks() will
+            // return false.
+            launchActivity();
+            assertForegroundState();
+            assertIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(mUid, false /* expectedResult */);
+            // Back to background.
+            finishActivity();
+            assertBackgroundState();
+
+            // Add mUid into restrict background whitelist and isUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks()
+            // will return false.
+            addRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(mUid);
+            assertIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(mUid, false /* expectedResult */);
+            removeRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(mUid);
+        } finally {
+            // Restrict background is disabled and isUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks() will return
+            // false.
+            setRestrictBackground(false);
+            assertIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(mUid, false /* expectedResult */);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyTestRunner.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyTestRunner.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f340907
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyTestRunner.java
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+
+import androidx.test.internal.runner.junit4.AndroidJUnit4ClassRunner;
+
+import org.junit.rules.RunRules;
+import org.junit.rules.TestRule;
+import org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod;
+import org.junit.runners.model.InitializationError;
+import org.junit.runners.model.Statement;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * Custom runner to allow dumping logs after a test failure before the @After methods get to run.
+ */
+public class NetworkPolicyTestRunner extends AndroidJUnit4ClassRunner {
+    private TestRule mDumpOnFailureRule = new DumpOnFailureRule();
+
+    public NetworkPolicyTestRunner(Class<?> klass) throws InitializationError {
+        super(klass);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Statement methodInvoker(FrameworkMethod method, Object test) {
+        return new RunRules(super.methodInvoker(method, test), List.of(mDumpOnFailureRule),
+                describeChild(method));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyTestUtils.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyTestUtils.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c4a348
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyTestUtils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,466 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_DISABLED;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_ENABLED;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_WHITELISTED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
+import static android.net.wifi.WifiConfiguration.METERED_OVERRIDE_METERED;
+import static android.net.wifi.WifiConfiguration.METERED_OVERRIDE_NONE;
+
+import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.runShellCommand;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.TAG;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import android.app.ActivityManager;
+import android.app.Instrumentation;
+import android.app.UiAutomation;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.location.LocationManager;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkPolicyManager;
+import android.net.wifi.WifiConfiguration;
+import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
+import android.net.wifi.WifiManager.ActionListener;
+import android.os.PersistableBundle;
+import android.os.Process;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
+import android.telephony.CarrierConfigManager;
+import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager;
+import android.telephony.data.ApnSetting;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry;
+
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.AppStandbyUtils;
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.BatteryUtils;
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.PollingCheck;
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.ShellIdentityUtils;
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.ThrowingRunnable;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+public class NetworkPolicyTestUtils {
+
+    // android.telephony.CarrierConfigManager.KEY_CARRIER_METERED_APN_TYPES_STRINGS
+    // TODO: Expose it as a @TestApi instead of copying the constant
+    private static final String KEY_CARRIER_METERED_APN_TYPES_STRINGS =
+            "carrier_metered_apn_types_strings";
+
+    private static final int TIMEOUT_CHANGE_METEREDNESS_MS = 10_000;
+
+    private static ConnectivityManager mCm;
+    private static WifiManager mWm;
+    private static CarrierConfigManager mCarrierConfigManager;
+    private static NetworkPolicyManager sNpm;
+
+    private static Boolean mBatterySaverSupported;
+    private static Boolean mDataSaverSupported;
+    private static Boolean mDozeModeSupported;
+    private static Boolean mAppStandbySupported;
+
+    private NetworkPolicyTestUtils() {}
+
+    public static boolean isBatterySaverSupported() {
+        if (mBatterySaverSupported == null) {
+            mBatterySaverSupported = BatteryUtils.isBatterySaverSupported();
+        }
+        return mBatterySaverSupported;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * As per CDD requirements, if the device doesn't support data saver mode then
+     * ConnectivityManager.getRestrictBackgroundStatus() will always return
+     * RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_DISABLED. So, enable the data saver mode and check if
+     * ConnectivityManager.getRestrictBackgroundStatus() for an app in background returns
+     * RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_DISABLED or not.
+     */
+    public static boolean isDataSaverSupported() {
+        if (mDataSaverSupported == null) {
+            assertMyRestrictBackgroundStatus(RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_DISABLED);
+            try {
+                setRestrictBackgroundInternal(true);
+                mDataSaverSupported = !isMyRestrictBackgroundStatus(
+                        RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_DISABLED);
+            } finally {
+                setRestrictBackgroundInternal(false);
+            }
+        }
+        return mDataSaverSupported;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isDozeModeSupported() {
+        if (mDozeModeSupported == null) {
+            final String result = executeShellCommand("cmd deviceidle enabled deep");
+            mDozeModeSupported = result.equals("1");
+        }
+        return mDozeModeSupported;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isAppStandbySupported() {
+        if (mAppStandbySupported == null) {
+            mAppStandbySupported = AppStandbyUtils.isAppStandbyEnabled();
+        }
+        return mAppStandbySupported;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isLowRamDevice() {
+        final ActivityManager am = (ActivityManager) getContext().getSystemService(
+                Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE);
+        return am.isLowRamDevice();
+    }
+
+    /** Forces JobScheduler to run the job if constraints are met. */
+    public static void forceRunJob(String pkg, int jobId) {
+        executeShellCommand("cmd jobscheduler run -f -u " + UserHandle.myUserId()
+                + " " + pkg + " " + jobId);
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isLocationEnabled() {
+        final LocationManager lm = (LocationManager) getContext().getSystemService(
+                Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);
+        return lm.isLocationEnabled();
+    }
+
+    public static void setLocationEnabled(boolean enabled) {
+        final LocationManager lm = (LocationManager) getContext().getSystemService(
+                Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);
+        lm.setLocationEnabledForUser(enabled, Process.myUserHandle());
+        assertEquals("Couldn't change location enabled state", lm.isLocationEnabled(), enabled);
+        Log.d(TAG, "Changed location enabled state to " + enabled);
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isActiveNetworkMetered(boolean metered) {
+        return getConnectivityManager().isActiveNetworkMetered() == metered;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean canChangeActiveNetworkMeteredness() {
+        final NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities = getActiveNetworkCapabilities();
+        return networkCapabilities.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                || networkCapabilities.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Updates the meteredness of the active network. Right now we can only change meteredness
+     * of either Wifi or cellular network, so if the active network is not either of these, this
+     * will throw an exception.
+     *
+     * @return a {@link ThrowingRunnable} object that can used to reset the meteredness change
+     *         made by this method.
+     */
+    public static ThrowingRunnable setupActiveNetworkMeteredness(boolean metered) throws Exception {
+        if (isActiveNetworkMetered(metered)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        final NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities = getActiveNetworkCapabilities();
+        if (networkCapabilities.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI)) {
+            final String ssid = getWifiSsid();
+            setWifiMeteredStatus(ssid, metered);
+            return () -> setWifiMeteredStatus(ssid, !metered);
+        } else if (networkCapabilities.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)) {
+            final int subId = SubscriptionManager.getActiveDataSubscriptionId();
+            setCellularMeteredStatus(subId, metered);
+            return () -> setCellularMeteredStatus(subId, !metered);
+        } else {
+            // Right now, we don't have a way to change meteredness of networks other
+            // than Wi-Fi or Cellular, so just throw an exception.
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Can't change meteredness of current active network");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static String getWifiSsid() {
+        final UiAutomation uiAutomation = getInstrumentation().getUiAutomation();
+        try {
+            uiAutomation.adoptShellPermissionIdentity();
+            final String ssid = getWifiManager().getConnectionInfo().getSSID();
+            assertNotEquals(WifiManager.UNKNOWN_SSID, ssid);
+            return ssid;
+        } finally {
+            uiAutomation.dropShellPermissionIdentity();
+        }
+    }
+
+    static NetworkCapabilities getActiveNetworkCapabilities() {
+        final Network activeNetwork = getConnectivityManager().getActiveNetwork();
+        assertNotNull("No active network available", activeNetwork);
+        return getConnectivityManager().getNetworkCapabilities(activeNetwork);
+    }
+
+    private static void setWifiMeteredStatus(String ssid, boolean metered) throws Exception {
+        final UiAutomation uiAutomation = getInstrumentation().getUiAutomation();
+        try {
+            uiAutomation.adoptShellPermissionIdentity();
+            final WifiConfiguration currentConfig = getWifiConfiguration(ssid);
+            currentConfig.meteredOverride = metered
+                    ? METERED_OVERRIDE_METERED : METERED_OVERRIDE_NONE;
+            BlockingQueue<Integer> blockingQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();
+            getWifiManager().save(currentConfig, createActionListener(
+                    blockingQueue, Integer.MAX_VALUE));
+            Integer resultCode = blockingQueue.poll(TIMEOUT_CHANGE_METEREDNESS_MS,
+                    TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+            if (resultCode == null) {
+                fail("Timed out waiting for meteredness to change; ssid=" + ssid
+                        + ", metered=" + metered);
+            } else if (resultCode != Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
+                fail("Error overriding the meteredness; ssid=" + ssid
+                        + ", metered=" + metered + ", error=" + resultCode);
+            }
+            final boolean success = assertActiveNetworkMetered(metered, false /* throwOnFailure */);
+            if (!success) {
+                Log.i(TAG, "Retry connecting to wifi; ssid=" + ssid);
+                blockingQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();
+                getWifiManager().connect(currentConfig, createActionListener(
+                        blockingQueue, Integer.MAX_VALUE));
+                resultCode = blockingQueue.poll(TIMEOUT_CHANGE_METEREDNESS_MS,
+                        TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+                if (resultCode == null) {
+                    fail("Timed out waiting for wifi to connect; ssid=" + ssid);
+                } else if (resultCode != Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
+                    fail("Error connecting to wifi; ssid=" + ssid
+                            + ", error=" + resultCode);
+                }
+                assertActiveNetworkMetered(metered, true /* throwOnFailure */);
+            }
+        } finally {
+            uiAutomation.dropShellPermissionIdentity();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static WifiConfiguration getWifiConfiguration(String ssid) {
+        final List<String> ssids = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (WifiConfiguration config : getWifiManager().getConfiguredNetworks()) {
+            if (config.SSID.equals(ssid)) {
+                return config;
+            }
+            ssids.add(config.SSID);
+        }
+        fail("Couldn't find the wifi config; ssid=" + ssid
+                + ", all=" + Arrays.toString(ssids.toArray()));
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private static ActionListener createActionListener(BlockingQueue<Integer> blockingQueue,
+            int successCode) {
+        return new ActionListener() {
+            @Override
+            public void onSuccess() {
+                blockingQueue.offer(successCode);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void onFailure(int reason) {
+                blockingQueue.offer(reason);
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static void setCellularMeteredStatus(int subId, boolean metered) throws Exception {
+        final PersistableBundle bundle = new PersistableBundle();
+        bundle.putStringArray(KEY_CARRIER_METERED_APN_TYPES_STRINGS,
+                new String[] {ApnSetting.TYPE_MMS_STRING});
+        ShellIdentityUtils.invokeMethodWithShellPermissionsNoReturn(getCarrierConfigManager(),
+                (cm) -> cm.overrideConfig(subId, metered ? null : bundle));
+        assertActiveNetworkMetered(metered, true /* throwOnFailure */);
+    }
+
+    private static boolean assertActiveNetworkMetered(boolean expectedMeteredStatus,
+            boolean throwOnFailure) throws Exception {
+        final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        final NetworkCallback networkCallback = new NetworkCallback() {
+            @Override
+            public void onCapabilitiesChanged(Network network, NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+                final boolean metered = !nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+                if (metered == expectedMeteredStatus) {
+                    latch.countDown();
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        // Registering a callback here guarantees onCapabilitiesChanged is called immediately
+        // with the current setting. Therefore, if the setting has already been changed,
+        // this method will return right away, and if not it will wait for the setting to change.
+        getConnectivityManager().registerDefaultNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
+        try {
+            if (!latch.await(TIMEOUT_CHANGE_METEREDNESS_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)) {
+                final String errorMsg = "Timed out waiting for active network metered status "
+                        + "to change to " + expectedMeteredStatus + "; network = "
+                        + getConnectivityManager().getActiveNetwork();
+                if (throwOnFailure) {
+                    fail(errorMsg);
+                }
+                Log.w(TAG, errorMsg);
+                return false;
+            }
+            return true;
+        } finally {
+            getConnectivityManager().unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void setRestrictBackground(boolean enabled) {
+        if (!isDataSaverSupported()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        setRestrictBackgroundInternal(enabled);
+    }
+
+    private static void setRestrictBackgroundInternal(boolean enabled) {
+        executeShellCommand("cmd netpolicy set restrict-background " + enabled);
+        final String output = executeShellCommand("cmd netpolicy get restrict-background");
+        final String expectedSuffix = enabled ? "enabled" : "disabled";
+        assertTrue("output '" + output + "' should end with '" + expectedSuffix + "'",
+                output.endsWith(expectedSuffix));
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isMyRestrictBackgroundStatus(int expectedStatus) {
+        final int actualStatus = getConnectivityManager().getRestrictBackgroundStatus();
+        if (expectedStatus != actualStatus) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "MyRestrictBackgroundStatus: "
+                    + "Expected: " + restrictBackgroundValueToString(expectedStatus)
+                    + "; Actual: " + restrictBackgroundValueToString(actualStatus));
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Copied from cts/tests/tests/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
+    private static String unquoteSSID(String ssid) {
+        // SSID is returned surrounded by quotes if it can be decoded as UTF-8.
+        // Otherwise it's guaranteed not to start with a quote.
+        if (ssid.charAt(0) == '"') {
+            return ssid.substring(1, ssid.length() - 1);
+        } else {
+            return ssid;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static String restrictBackgroundValueToString(int status) {
+        switch (status) {
+            case RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_DISABLED:
+                return "DISABLED";
+            case RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_WHITELISTED:
+                return "WHITELISTED";
+            case RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_ENABLED:
+                return "ENABLED";
+            default:
+                return "UNKNOWN_STATUS_" + status;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void clearSnoozeTimestamps() {
+        executeShellCommand("dumpsys netpolicy --unsnooze");
+    }
+
+    public static String executeShellCommand(String command) {
+        final String result = runShellCommand(command).trim();
+        Log.d(TAG, "Output of '" + command + "': '" + result + "'");
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    public static void assertMyRestrictBackgroundStatus(int expectedStatus) {
+        final int actualStatus = getConnectivityManager().getRestrictBackgroundStatus();
+        assertEquals(restrictBackgroundValueToString(expectedStatus),
+                restrictBackgroundValueToString(actualStatus));
+    }
+
+    public static ConnectivityManager getConnectivityManager() {
+        if (mCm == null) {
+            mCm = (ConnectivityManager) getContext().getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
+        }
+        return mCm;
+    }
+
+    public static WifiManager getWifiManager() {
+        if (mWm == null) {
+            mWm = (WifiManager) getContext().getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);
+        }
+        return mWm;
+    }
+
+    public static CarrierConfigManager getCarrierConfigManager() {
+        if (mCarrierConfigManager == null) {
+            mCarrierConfigManager = (CarrierConfigManager) getContext().getSystemService(
+                    Context.CARRIER_CONFIG_SERVICE);
+        }
+        return mCarrierConfigManager;
+    }
+
+    public static NetworkPolicyManager getNetworkPolicyManager() {
+        if (sNpm == null) {
+            sNpm = getContext().getSystemService(NetworkPolicyManager.class);
+        }
+        return sNpm;
+    }
+
+    public static Context getContext() {
+        return getInstrumentation().getContext();
+    }
+
+    public static Instrumentation getInstrumentation() {
+        return InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation();
+    }
+
+    // When power saver mode or restrict background enabled or adding any white/black list into
+    // those modes, NetworkPolicy may need to take some time to update the rules of uids. So having
+    // this function and using PollingCheck to try to make sure the uid has updated and reduce the
+    // flaky rate.
+    public static void assertNetworkingBlockedStatusForUid(int uid, boolean metered,
+            boolean expectedResult) throws Exception {
+        PollingCheck.waitFor(() -> (expectedResult == isUidNetworkingBlocked(uid, metered)));
+    }
+
+    public static void assertIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(int uid, boolean expectedResult)
+            throws Exception {
+        PollingCheck.waitFor(() -> (expectedResult == isUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(uid)));
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isUidNetworkingBlocked(int uid, boolean meteredNetwork) {
+        final UiAutomation uiAutomation = getInstrumentation().getUiAutomation();
+        try {
+            uiAutomation.adoptShellPermissionIdentity();
+            return getNetworkPolicyManager().isUidNetworkingBlocked(uid, meteredNetwork);
+        } finally {
+            uiAutomation.dropShellPermissionIdentity();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(int uid) {
+        final UiAutomation uiAutomation = getInstrumentation().getUiAutomation();
+        try {
+            uiAutomation.adoptShellPermissionIdentity();
+            return getNetworkPolicyManager().isUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(uid);
+        } finally {
+            uiAutomation.dropShellPermissionIdentity();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/PacketReflector.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/PacketReflector.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..124c2c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/PacketReflector.java
@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+
+import static android.system.OsConstants.ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.ICMP_ECHO;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.ICMP_ECHOREPLY;
+
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.system.Os;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+public class PacketReflector extends Thread {
+
+    private static int IPV4_HEADER_LENGTH = 20;
+    private static int IPV6_HEADER_LENGTH = 40;
+
+    private static int IPV4_ADDR_OFFSET = 12;
+    private static int IPV6_ADDR_OFFSET = 8;
+    private static int IPV4_ADDR_LENGTH = 4;
+    private static int IPV6_ADDR_LENGTH = 16;
+
+    private static int IPV4_PROTO_OFFSET = 9;
+    private static int IPV6_PROTO_OFFSET = 6;
+
+    private static final byte IPPROTO_ICMP = 1;
+    private static final byte IPPROTO_TCP = 6;
+    private static final byte IPPROTO_UDP = 17;
+    private static final byte IPPROTO_ICMPV6 = 58;
+
+    private static int ICMP_HEADER_LENGTH = 8;
+    private static int TCP_HEADER_LENGTH = 20;
+    private static int UDP_HEADER_LENGTH = 8;
+
+    private static final byte ICMP_ECHO = 8;
+    private static final byte ICMP_ECHOREPLY = 0;
+
+    private static String TAG = "PacketReflector";
+
+    private FileDescriptor mFd;
+    private byte[] mBuf;
+
+    public PacketReflector(FileDescriptor fd, int mtu) {
+        super("PacketReflector");
+        mFd = fd;
+        mBuf = new byte[mtu];
+    }
+
+    private static void swapBytes(byte[] buf, int pos1, int pos2, int len) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+            byte b = buf[pos1 + i];
+            buf[pos1 + i] = buf[pos2 + i];
+            buf[pos2 + i] = b;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void swapAddresses(byte[] buf, int version) {
+        int addrPos, addrLen;
+        switch(version) {
+            case 4:
+                addrPos = IPV4_ADDR_OFFSET;
+                addrLen = IPV4_ADDR_LENGTH;
+                break;
+            case 6:
+                addrPos = IPV6_ADDR_OFFSET;
+                addrLen = IPV6_ADDR_LENGTH;
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+        }
+        swapBytes(buf, addrPos, addrPos + addrLen, addrLen);
+    }
+
+    // Reflect TCP packets: swap the source and destination addresses, but don't change the ports.
+    // This is used by the test to "connect to itself" through the VPN.
+    private void processTcpPacket(byte[] buf, int version, int len, int hdrLen) {
+        if (len < hdrLen + TCP_HEADER_LENGTH) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Swap src and dst IP addresses.
+        swapAddresses(buf, version);
+
+        // Send the packet back.
+        writePacket(buf, len);
+    }
+
+    // Echo UDP packets: swap source and destination addresses, and source and destination ports.
+    // This is used by the test to check that the bytes it sends are echoed back.
+    private void processUdpPacket(byte[] buf, int version, int len, int hdrLen) {
+        if (len < hdrLen + UDP_HEADER_LENGTH) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Swap src and dst IP addresses.
+        swapAddresses(buf, version);
+
+        // Swap dst and src ports.
+        int portOffset = hdrLen;
+        swapBytes(buf, portOffset, portOffset + 2, 2);
+
+        // Send the packet back.
+        writePacket(buf, len);
+    }
+
+    private void processIcmpPacket(byte[] buf, int version, int len, int hdrLen) {
+        if (len < hdrLen + ICMP_HEADER_LENGTH) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        byte type = buf[hdrLen];
+        if (!(version == 4 && type == ICMP_ECHO) &&
+            !(version == 6 && type == (byte) ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Save the ping packet we received.
+        byte[] request = buf.clone();
+
+        // Swap src and dst IP addresses, and send the packet back.
+        // This effectively pings the device to see if it replies.
+        swapAddresses(buf, version);
+        writePacket(buf, len);
+
+        // The device should have replied, and buf should now contain a ping response.
+        int received = readPacket(buf);
+        if (received != len) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "Reflecting ping did not result in ping response: " +
+                       "read=" + received + " expected=" + len);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        byte replyType = buf[hdrLen];
+        if ((type == ICMP_ECHO && replyType != ICMP_ECHOREPLY)
+                || (type == (byte) ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST && replyType != (byte) ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY)) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "Received unexpected ICMP reply: original " + type
+                    + ", reply " + replyType);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Compare the response we got with the original packet.
+        // The only thing that should have changed are addresses, type and checksum.
+        // Overwrite them with the received bytes and see if the packet is otherwise identical.
+        request[hdrLen] = buf[hdrLen];          // Type
+        request[hdrLen + 2] = buf[hdrLen + 2];  // Checksum byte 1.
+        request[hdrLen + 3] = buf[hdrLen + 3];  // Checksum byte 2.
+
+        // Since Linux kernel 4.2, net.ipv6.auto_flowlabels is set by default, and therefore
+        // the request and reply may have different IPv6 flow label: ignore that as well.
+        if (version == 6) {
+            request[1] = (byte)(request[1] & 0xf0 | buf[1] & 0x0f);
+            request[2] = buf[2];
+            request[3] = buf[3];
+        }
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+            if (buf[i] != request[i]) {
+                Log.i(TAG, "Received non-matching packet when expecting ping response.");
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Now swap the addresses again and reflect the packet. This sends a ping reply.
+        swapAddresses(buf, version);
+        writePacket(buf, len);
+    }
+
+    private void writePacket(byte[] buf, int len) {
+        try {
+            Os.write(mFd, buf, 0, len);
+        } catch (ErrnoException|IOException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Error writing packet: " + e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int readPacket(byte[] buf) {
+        int len;
+        try {
+            len = Os.read(mFd, buf, 0, buf.length);
+        } catch (ErrnoException|IOException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Error reading packet: " + e.getMessage());
+            len = -1;
+        }
+        return len;
+    }
+
+    // Reads one packet from our mFd, and possibly writes the packet back.
+    private void processPacket() {
+        int len = readPacket(mBuf);
+        if (len < 1) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        int version = mBuf[0] >> 4;
+        int addrPos, protoPos, hdrLen, addrLen;
+        if (version == 4) {
+            hdrLen = IPV4_HEADER_LENGTH;
+            protoPos = IPV4_PROTO_OFFSET;
+            addrPos = IPV4_ADDR_OFFSET;
+            addrLen = IPV4_ADDR_LENGTH;
+        } else if (version == 6) {
+            hdrLen = IPV6_HEADER_LENGTH;
+            protoPos = IPV6_PROTO_OFFSET;
+            addrPos = IPV6_ADDR_OFFSET;
+            addrLen = IPV6_ADDR_LENGTH;
+        } else {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (len < hdrLen) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        byte proto = mBuf[protoPos];
+        switch (proto) {
+            case IPPROTO_ICMP:
+            case IPPROTO_ICMPV6:
+                processIcmpPacket(mBuf, version, len, hdrLen);
+                break;
+            case IPPROTO_TCP:
+                processTcpPacket(mBuf, version, len, hdrLen);
+                break;
+            case IPPROTO_UDP:
+                processUdpPacket(mBuf, version, len, hdrLen);
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void run() {
+        Log.i(TAG, "PacketReflector starting fd=" + mFd + " valid=" + mFd.valid());
+        while (!interrupted() && mFd.valid()) {
+            processPacket();
+        }
+        Log.i(TAG, "PacketReflector exiting fd=" + mFd + " valid=" + mFd.valid());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/Property.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/Property.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..18805f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/Property.java
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.canChangeActiveNetworkMeteredness;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isActiveNetworkMetered;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isAppStandbySupported;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isBatterySaverSupported;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isDataSaverSupported;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isDozeModeSupported;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isLowRamDevice;
+
+public enum Property {
+    BATTERY_SAVER_MODE(1 << 0) {
+        public boolean isSupported() { return isBatterySaverSupported(); }
+    },
+
+    DATA_SAVER_MODE(1 << 1) {
+        public boolean isSupported() { return isDataSaverSupported(); }
+    },
+
+    NO_DATA_SAVER_MODE(~DATA_SAVER_MODE.getValue()) {
+        public boolean isSupported() { return !isDataSaverSupported(); }
+    },
+
+    DOZE_MODE(1 << 2) {
+        public boolean isSupported() { return isDozeModeSupported(); }
+    },
+
+    APP_STANDBY_MODE(1 << 3) {
+        public boolean isSupported() { return isAppStandbySupported(); }
+    },
+
+    NOT_LOW_RAM_DEVICE(1 << 4) {
+        public boolean isSupported() { return !isLowRamDevice(); }
+    },
+
+    METERED_NETWORK(1 << 5) {
+        public boolean isSupported() {
+            return isActiveNetworkMetered(true) || canChangeActiveNetworkMeteredness();
+        }
+    },
+
+    NON_METERED_NETWORK(~METERED_NETWORK.getValue()) {
+        public boolean isSupported() {
+            return isActiveNetworkMetered(false) || canChangeActiveNetworkMeteredness();
+        }
+    };
+
+    private int mValue;
+
+    Property(int value) { mValue = value; }
+
+    public int getValue() { return mValue; }
+
+    abstract boolean isSupported();
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/RemoteSocketFactoryClient.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/RemoteSocketFactoryClient.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..80f99b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/RemoteSocketFactoryClient.java
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+
+import android.content.ComponentName;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.ServiceConnection;
+import android.os.ConditionVariable;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.system.Os;
+
+import com.android.cts.net.hostside.IRemoteSocketFactory;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+public class RemoteSocketFactoryClient {
+    private static final int TIMEOUT_MS = 5000;
+    private static final String PACKAGE = RemoteSocketFactoryClient.class.getPackage().getName();
+    private static final String APP2_PACKAGE = PACKAGE + ".app2";
+    private static final String SERVICE_NAME = APP2_PACKAGE + ".RemoteSocketFactoryService";
+
+    private Context mContext;
+    private ServiceConnection mServiceConnection;
+    private IRemoteSocketFactory mService;
+
+    public RemoteSocketFactoryClient(Context context) {
+        mContext = context;
+    }
+
+    public void bind() {
+        if (mService != null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Already bound");
+        }
+
+        final ConditionVariable cv = new ConditionVariable();
+        mServiceConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
+            @Override
+            public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
+                mService = IRemoteSocketFactory.Stub.asInterface(service);
+                cv.open();
+            }
+            @Override
+            public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
+                mService = null;
+            }
+        };
+
+        final Intent intent = new Intent();
+        intent.setComponent(new ComponentName(APP2_PACKAGE, SERVICE_NAME));
+        mContext.bindService(intent, mServiceConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
+        cv.block(TIMEOUT_MS);
+        if (mService == null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "Could not bind to RemoteSocketFactory service after " + TIMEOUT_MS + "ms");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void unbind() {
+        if (mService != null) {
+            mContext.unbindService(mServiceConnection);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public FileDescriptor openSocketFd(String host, int port, int timeoutMs)
+            throws RemoteException, ErrnoException, IOException {
+        // Dup the filedescriptor so ParcelFileDescriptor's finalizer doesn't garbage collect it
+        // and cause our fd to become invalid. http://b/35927643 .
+        ParcelFileDescriptor pfd = mService.openSocketFd(host, port, timeoutMs);
+        FileDescriptor fd = Os.dup(pfd.getFileDescriptor());
+        pfd.close();
+        return fd;
+    }
+
+    public String getPackageName() throws RemoteException {
+        return mService.getPackageName();
+    }
+
+    public int getUid() throws RemoteException {
+        return mService.getUid();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/RequiredProperties.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/RequiredProperties.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..96838bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/RequiredProperties.java
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+
+import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.METHOD;
+import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.TYPE;
+import static java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Inherited;
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.Target;
+
+@Retention(RUNTIME)
+@Target({METHOD, TYPE})
+@Inherited
+public @interface RequiredProperties {
+    Property[] value();
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/RequiredPropertiesRule.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/RequiredPropertiesRule.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01f9f3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/RequiredPropertiesRule.java
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.TAG;
+
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.BeforeAfterRule;
+
+import org.junit.Assume;
+import org.junit.runner.Description;
+import org.junit.runners.model.Statement;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+
+public class RequiredPropertiesRule extends BeforeAfterRule {
+
+    private static ArraySet<Property> mRequiredProperties;
+
+    @Override
+    public void onBefore(Statement base, Description description) {
+        mRequiredProperties = getAllRequiredProperties(description);
+
+        final String testName = description.getClassName() + "#" + description.getMethodName();
+        assertTestIsValid(testName, mRequiredProperties);
+        Log.i(TAG, "Running test " + testName + " with required properties: "
+                + propertiesToString(mRequiredProperties));
+    }
+
+    private ArraySet<Property> getAllRequiredProperties(Description description) {
+        final ArraySet<Property> allRequiredProperties = new ArraySet<>();
+        RequiredProperties requiredProperties = description.getAnnotation(RequiredProperties.class);
+        if (requiredProperties != null) {
+            Collections.addAll(allRequiredProperties, requiredProperties.value());
+        }
+
+        for (Class<?> clazz = description.getTestClass();
+                clazz != null; clazz = clazz.getSuperclass()) {
+            requiredProperties = clazz.getDeclaredAnnotation(RequiredProperties.class);
+            if (requiredProperties == null) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            for (Property requiredProperty : requiredProperties.value()) {
+                for (Property p : Property.values()) {
+                    if (p.getValue() == ~requiredProperty.getValue()
+                            && allRequiredProperties.contains(p)) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+                allRequiredProperties.add(requiredProperty);
+            }
+        }
+        return allRequiredProperties;
+    }
+
+    private void assertTestIsValid(String testName, ArraySet<Property> requiredProperies) {
+        if (requiredProperies == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        final ArrayList<Property> unsupportedProperties = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (Property property : requiredProperies) {
+            if (!property.isSupported()) {
+                unsupportedProperties.add(property);
+            }
+        }
+        Assume.assumeTrue("Unsupported properties: "
+                + propertiesToString(unsupportedProperties), unsupportedProperties.isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    public static ArraySet<Property> getRequiredProperties() {
+        return mRequiredProperties;
+    }
+
+    private static String propertiesToString(Iterable<Property> properties) {
+        return "[" + TextUtils.join(",", properties) + "]";
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/RestrictedModeTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/RestrictedModeTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4266aad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/RestrictedModeTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public final class RestrictedModeTest extends AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase {
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+        setRestrictedNetworkingMode(false);
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        setRestrictedNetworkingMode(false);
+        super.tearDown();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkAccess() throws Exception {
+        // go to foreground state and enable restricted mode
+        launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTIY);
+        setRestrictedNetworkingMode(true);
+        assertForegroundNetworkAccess(false);
+
+        // go to background state
+        finishActivity();
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+
+        // disable restricted mode and assert network access in foreground and background states
+        setRestrictedNetworkingMode(false);
+        launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTIY);
+        assertForegroundNetworkAccess(true);
+
+        // go to background state
+        finishActivity();
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkAccess_withBatterySaver() throws Exception {
+        setBatterySaverMode(true);
+        addPowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+
+        setRestrictedNetworkingMode(true);
+        // App would be denied network access since Restricted mode is on.
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+        setRestrictedNetworkingMode(false);
+        // Given that Restricted mode is turned off, app should be able to access network again.
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/VpnTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/VpnTest.java
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..dc67c70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/VpnTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1579 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+
+import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_TELEPHONY;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_VPN;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN;
+import static android.os.Process.INVALID_UID;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET6;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.ECONNABORTED;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_ICMP;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_ICMPV6;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_TCP;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.POLLIN;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_DGRAM;
+import static android.test.MoreAsserts.assertNotEqual;
+
+import static androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation;
+
+import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.runWithShellPermissionIdentity;
+import static com.android.testutils.Cleanup.testAndCleanup;
+import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt.SC_V2;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
+
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.app.Activity;
+import android.app.DownloadManager;
+import android.app.DownloadManager.Query;
+import android.app.DownloadManager.Request;
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
+import android.content.ContentResolver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.IntentFilter;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.database.Cursor;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.net.Proxy;
+import android.net.ProxyInfo;
+import android.net.TransportInfo;
+import android.net.Uri;
+import android.net.VpnManager;
+import android.net.VpnService;
+import android.net.VpnTransportInfo;
+import android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils;
+import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.os.Process;
+import android.os.SystemProperties;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
+import android.provider.Settings;
+import android.support.test.uiautomator.UiDevice;
+import android.support.test.uiautomator.UiObject;
+import android.support.test.uiautomator.UiSelector;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.system.Os;
+import android.system.OsConstants;
+import android.system.StructPollfd;
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
+import android.test.MoreAsserts;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.BlockingBroadcastReceiver;
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback;
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.io.Closeable;
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.net.DatagramPacket;
+import java.net.DatagramSocket;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.ServerSocket;
+import java.net.Socket;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Random;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+/**
+ * Tests for the VpnService API.
+ *
+ * These tests establish a VPN via the VpnService API, and have the service reflect the packets back
+ * to the device without causing any network traffic. This allows testing the local VPN data path
+ * without a network connection or a VPN server.
+ *
+ * Note: in Lollipop, VPN functionality relies on kernel support for UID-based routing. If these
+ * tests fail, it may be due to the lack of kernel support. The necessary patches can be
+ * cherry-picked from the Android common kernel trees:
+ *
+ * android-3.10:
+ *   https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/99220/
+ *   https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/100545/
+ *
+ * android-3.4:
+ *   https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/99225/
+ *   https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/100557/
+ *
+ * To ensure that the kernel has the required commits, run the kernel unit
+ * tests described at:
+ *
+ *   https://source.android.com/devices/tech/config/kernel_network_tests.html
+ *
+ */
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+public class VpnTest {
+
+    // These are neither public nor @TestApi.
+    // TODO: add them to @TestApi.
+    private static final String PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_SETTING = "private_dns_mode";
+    private static final String PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_PROVIDER_HOSTNAME = "hostname";
+    private static final String PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC = "opportunistic";
+    private static final String PRIVATE_DNS_SPECIFIER_SETTING = "private_dns_specifier";
+    private static final int NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS = 30_000;
+
+    public static String TAG = "VpnTest";
+    public static int TIMEOUT_MS = 3 * 1000;
+    public static int SOCKET_TIMEOUT_MS = 100;
+    public static String TEST_HOST = "connectivitycheck.gstatic.com";
+
+    private UiDevice mDevice;
+    private MyActivity mActivity;
+    private String mPackageName;
+    private ConnectivityManager mCM;
+    private WifiManager mWifiManager;
+    private RemoteSocketFactoryClient mRemoteSocketFactoryClient;
+    private CtsNetUtils mCtsNetUtils;
+    private PackageManager mPackageManager;
+    private TelephonyManager mTelephonyManager;
+
+    Network mNetwork;
+    NetworkCallback mCallback;
+    final Object mLock = new Object();
+    final Object mLockShutdown = new Object();
+
+    private String mOldPrivateDnsMode;
+    private String mOldPrivateDnsSpecifier;
+
+    @Rule
+    public final DevSdkIgnoreRule mDevSdkIgnoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
+
+    private boolean supportedHardware() {
+        final PackageManager pm = getInstrumentation().getContext().getPackageManager();
+        return !pm.hasSystemFeature("android.hardware.type.watch");
+    }
+
+    public final <T extends Activity> T launchActivity(String packageName, Class<T> activityClass) {
+        final Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MAIN);
+        intent.setClassName(packageName, activityClass.getName());
+        intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
+        final T activity = (T) getInstrumentation().startActivitySync(intent);
+        getInstrumentation().waitForIdleSync();
+        return activity;
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        mNetwork = null;
+        mCallback = null;
+        storePrivateDnsSetting();
+
+        mDevice = UiDevice.getInstance(getInstrumentation());
+        mActivity = launchActivity(getInstrumentation().getTargetContext().getPackageName(),
+                MyActivity.class);
+        mPackageName = mActivity.getPackageName();
+        mCM = (ConnectivityManager) mActivity.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
+        mWifiManager = (WifiManager) mActivity.getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);
+        mRemoteSocketFactoryClient = new RemoteSocketFactoryClient(mActivity);
+        mRemoteSocketFactoryClient.bind();
+        mDevice.waitForIdle();
+        mCtsNetUtils = new CtsNetUtils(getInstrumentation().getContext());
+        mPackageManager = getInstrumentation().getContext().getPackageManager();
+        mTelephonyManager =
+                getInstrumentation().getContext().getSystemService(TelephonyManager.class);
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        restorePrivateDnsSetting();
+        mRemoteSocketFactoryClient.unbind();
+        if (mCallback != null) {
+            mCM.unregisterNetworkCallback(mCallback);
+        }
+        mCtsNetUtils.tearDown();
+        Log.i(TAG, "Stopping VPN");
+        stopVpn();
+        mActivity.finish();
+    }
+
+    private void prepareVpn() throws Exception {
+        final int REQUEST_ID = 42;
+
+        // Attempt to prepare.
+        Log.i(TAG, "Preparing VPN");
+        Intent intent = VpnService.prepare(mActivity);
+
+        if (intent != null) {
+            // Start the confirmation dialog and click OK.
+            mActivity.startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_ID);
+            mDevice.waitForIdle();
+
+            String packageName = intent.getComponent().getPackageName();
+            String resourceIdRegex = "android:id/button1$|button_start_vpn";
+            final UiObject okButton = new UiObject(new UiSelector()
+                    .className("android.widget.Button")
+                    .packageName(packageName)
+                    .resourceIdMatches(resourceIdRegex));
+            if (okButton.waitForExists(TIMEOUT_MS) == false) {
+                mActivity.finishActivity(REQUEST_ID);
+                fail("VpnService.prepare returned an Intent for '" + intent.getComponent() + "' " +
+                     "to display the VPN confirmation dialog, but this test could not find the " +
+                     "button to allow the VPN application to connect. Please ensure that the "  +
+                     "component displays a button with a resource ID matching the regexp: '" +
+                     resourceIdRegex + "'.");
+            }
+
+            // Click the button and wait for RESULT_OK.
+            okButton.click();
+            try {
+                int result = mActivity.getResult(TIMEOUT_MS);
+                if (result != MyActivity.RESULT_OK) {
+                    fail("The VPN confirmation dialog did not return RESULT_OK when clicking on " +
+                         "the button matching the regular expression '" + resourceIdRegex +
+                         "' of " + intent.getComponent() + "'. Please ensure that clicking on " +
+                         "that button allows the VPN application to connect. " +
+                         "Return value: " + result);
+                }
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                fail("VPN confirmation dialog did not return after " + TIMEOUT_MS + "ms");
+            }
+
+            // Now we should be prepared.
+            intent = VpnService.prepare(mActivity);
+            if (intent != null) {
+                fail("VpnService.prepare returned non-null even after the VPN dialog " +
+                     intent.getComponent() + "returned RESULT_OK.");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void updateUnderlyingNetworks(@Nullable ArrayList<Network> underlyingNetworks)
+            throws Exception {
+        final Intent intent = new Intent(mActivity, MyVpnService.class)
+                .putExtra(mPackageName + ".cmd", MyVpnService.CMD_UPDATE_UNDERLYING_NETWORKS)
+                .putParcelableArrayListExtra(
+                        mPackageName + ".underlyingNetworks", underlyingNetworks);
+        mActivity.startService(intent);
+    }
+
+    private void establishVpn(String[] addresses, String[] routes, String[] excludedRoutes,
+            String allowedApplications, String disallowedApplications,
+            @Nullable ProxyInfo proxyInfo, @Nullable ArrayList<Network> underlyingNetworks,
+            boolean isAlwaysMetered, boolean addRoutesByIpPrefix)
+            throws Exception {
+        final Intent intent = new Intent(mActivity, MyVpnService.class)
+                .putExtra(mPackageName + ".cmd", MyVpnService.CMD_CONNECT)
+                .putExtra(mPackageName + ".addresses", TextUtils.join(",", addresses))
+                .putExtra(mPackageName + ".routes", TextUtils.join(",", routes))
+                .putExtra(mPackageName + ".excludedRoutes", TextUtils.join(",", excludedRoutes))
+                .putExtra(mPackageName + ".allowedapplications", allowedApplications)
+                .putExtra(mPackageName + ".disallowedapplications", disallowedApplications)
+                .putExtra(mPackageName + ".httpProxy", proxyInfo)
+                .putParcelableArrayListExtra(
+                        mPackageName + ".underlyingNetworks", underlyingNetworks)
+                .putExtra(mPackageName + ".isAlwaysMetered", isAlwaysMetered)
+                .putExtra(mPackageName + ".addRoutesByIpPrefix", addRoutesByIpPrefix);
+        mActivity.startService(intent);
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Consider replacing arguments with a Builder.
+    private void startVpn(
+            String[] addresses, String[] routes, String allowedApplications,
+            String disallowedApplications, @Nullable ProxyInfo proxyInfo,
+            @Nullable ArrayList<Network> underlyingNetworks, boolean isAlwaysMetered)
+            throws Exception {
+        startVpn(addresses, routes, new String[0] /* excludedRoutes */, allowedApplications,
+                disallowedApplications, proxyInfo, underlyingNetworks, isAlwaysMetered);
+    }
+
+    private void startVpn(
+            String[] addresses, String[] routes, String[] excludedRoutes,
+            String allowedApplications, String disallowedApplications,
+            @Nullable ProxyInfo proxyInfo,
+            @Nullable ArrayList<Network> underlyingNetworks, boolean isAlwaysMetered)
+            throws Exception {
+        startVpn(addresses, routes, excludedRoutes, allowedApplications, disallowedApplications,
+                proxyInfo, underlyingNetworks, isAlwaysMetered, false /* addRoutesByIpPrefix */);
+    }
+
+    private void startVpn(
+            String[] addresses, String[] routes, String[] excludedRoutes,
+            String allowedApplications, String disallowedApplications,
+            @Nullable ProxyInfo proxyInfo,
+            @Nullable ArrayList<Network> underlyingNetworks, boolean isAlwaysMetered,
+            boolean addRoutesByIpPrefix)
+            throws Exception {
+        prepareVpn();
+
+        // Register a callback so we will be notified when our VPN comes up.
+        final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN)
+                .removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
+                .removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .build();
+        mCallback = new NetworkCallback() {
+            public void onAvailable(Network network) {
+                synchronized (mLock) {
+                    Log.i(TAG, "Got available callback for network=" + network);
+                    mNetwork = network;
+                    mLock.notify();
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        mCM.registerNetworkCallback(request, mCallback);  // Unregistered in tearDown.
+
+        // Start the service and wait up for TIMEOUT_MS ms for the VPN to come up.
+        establishVpn(addresses, routes, excludedRoutes, allowedApplications, disallowedApplications,
+                proxyInfo, underlyingNetworks, isAlwaysMetered, addRoutesByIpPrefix);
+        synchronized (mLock) {
+            if (mNetwork == null) {
+                 Log.i(TAG, "bf mLock");
+                 mLock.wait(TIMEOUT_MS);
+                 Log.i(TAG, "af mLock");
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (mNetwork == null) {
+            fail("VPN did not become available after " + TIMEOUT_MS + "ms");
+        }
+
+        // Unfortunately, when the available callback fires, the VPN UID ranges are not yet
+        // configured. Give the system some time to do so. http://b/18436087 .
+        try { Thread.sleep(3000); } catch(InterruptedException e) {}
+    }
+
+    private void stopVpn() {
+        // Register a callback so we will be notified when our VPN comes up.
+        final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN)
+                .removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
+                .removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .build();
+        mCallback = new NetworkCallback() {
+            public void onLost(Network network) {
+                synchronized (mLockShutdown) {
+                    Log.i(TAG, "Got lost callback for network=" + network
+                            + ",mNetwork = " + mNetwork);
+                    if( mNetwork == network){
+                        mLockShutdown.notify();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+       };
+        mCM.registerNetworkCallback(request, mCallback);  // Unregistered in tearDown.
+        // Simply calling mActivity.stopService() won't stop the service, because the system binds
+        // to the service for the purpose of sending it a revoke command if another VPN comes up,
+        // and stopping a bound service has no effect. Instead, "start" the service again with an
+        // Intent that tells it to disconnect.
+        Intent intent = new Intent(mActivity, MyVpnService.class)
+                .putExtra(mPackageName + ".cmd", MyVpnService.CMD_DISCONNECT);
+        mActivity.startService(intent);
+        synchronized (mLockShutdown) {
+            try {
+                 Log.i(TAG, "bf mLockShutdown");
+                 mLockShutdown.wait(TIMEOUT_MS);
+                 Log.i(TAG, "af mLockShutdown");
+            } catch(InterruptedException e) {}
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void closeQuietly(Closeable c) {
+        if (c != null) {
+            try {
+                c.close();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void checkPing(String to) throws IOException, ErrnoException {
+        InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName(to);
+        FileDescriptor s;
+        final int LENGTH = 64;
+        byte[] packet = new byte[LENGTH];
+        byte[] header;
+
+        // Construct a ping packet.
+        Random random = new Random();
+        random.nextBytes(packet);
+        if (address instanceof Inet6Address) {
+            s = Os.socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_ICMPV6);
+            header = new byte[] { (byte) 0x80, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00 };
+        } else {
+            // Note that this doesn't actually work due to http://b/18558481 .
+            s = Os.socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_ICMP);
+            header = new byte[] { (byte) 0x08, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00 };
+        }
+        System.arraycopy(header, 0, packet, 0, header.length);
+
+        // Send the packet.
+        int port = random.nextInt(65534) + 1;
+        Os.connect(s, address, port);
+        Os.write(s, packet, 0, packet.length);
+
+        // Expect a reply.
+        StructPollfd pollfd = new StructPollfd();
+        pollfd.events = (short) POLLIN;  // "error: possible loss of precision"
+        pollfd.fd = s;
+        int ret = Os.poll(new StructPollfd[] { pollfd }, SOCKET_TIMEOUT_MS);
+        assertEquals("Expected reply after sending ping", 1, ret);
+
+        byte[] reply = new byte[LENGTH];
+        int read = Os.read(s, reply, 0, LENGTH);
+        assertEquals(LENGTH, read);
+
+        // Find out what the kernel set the ICMP ID to.
+        InetSocketAddress local = (InetSocketAddress) Os.getsockname(s);
+        port = local.getPort();
+        packet[4] = (byte) ((port >> 8) & 0xff);
+        packet[5] = (byte) (port & 0xff);
+
+        // Check the contents.
+        if (packet[0] == (byte) 0x80) {
+            packet[0] = (byte) 0x81;
+        } else {
+            packet[0] = 0;
+        }
+        // Zero out the checksum in the reply so it matches the uninitialized checksum in packet.
+        reply[2] = reply[3] = 0;
+        MoreAsserts.assertEquals(packet, reply);
+    }
+
+    // Writes data to out and checks that it appears identically on in.
+    private static void writeAndCheckData(
+            OutputStream out, InputStream in, byte[] data) throws IOException {
+        out.write(data, 0, data.length);
+        out.flush();
+
+        byte[] read = new byte[data.length];
+        int bytesRead = 0, totalRead = 0;
+        do {
+            bytesRead = in.read(read, totalRead, read.length - totalRead);
+            totalRead += bytesRead;
+        } while (bytesRead >= 0 && totalRead < data.length);
+        assertEquals(totalRead, data.length);
+        MoreAsserts.assertEquals(data, read);
+    }
+
+    private void checkTcpReflection(String to, String expectedFrom) throws IOException {
+        // Exercise TCP over the VPN by "connecting to ourselves". We open a server socket and a
+        // client socket, and connect the client socket to a remote host, with the port of the
+        // server socket. The PacketReflector reflects the packets, changing the source addresses
+        // but not the ports, so our client socket is connected to our server socket, though both
+        // sockets think their peers are on the "remote" IP address.
+
+        // Open a listening socket.
+        ServerSocket listen = new ServerSocket(0, 10, InetAddress.getByName("::"));
+
+        // Connect the client socket to it.
+        InetAddress toAddr = InetAddress.getByName(to);
+        Socket client = new Socket();
+        try {
+            client.connect(new InetSocketAddress(toAddr, listen.getLocalPort()), SOCKET_TIMEOUT_MS);
+            if (expectedFrom == null) {
+                closeQuietly(listen);
+                closeQuietly(client);
+                fail("Expected connection to fail, but it succeeded.");
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            if (expectedFrom != null) {
+                closeQuietly(listen);
+                fail("Expected connection to succeed, but it failed.");
+            } else {
+                // We expected the connection to fail, and it did, so there's nothing more to test.
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // The connection succeeded, and we expected it to succeed. Send some data; if things are
+        // working, the data will be sent to the VPN, reflected by the PacketReflector, and arrive
+        // at our server socket. For good measure, send some data in the other direction.
+        Socket server = null;
+        try {
+            // Accept the connection on the server side.
+            listen.setSoTimeout(SOCKET_TIMEOUT_MS);
+            server = listen.accept();
+            checkConnectionOwnerUidTcp(client);
+            checkConnectionOwnerUidTcp(server);
+            // Check that the source and peer addresses are as expected.
+            assertEquals(expectedFrom, client.getLocalAddress().getHostAddress());
+            assertEquals(expectedFrom, server.getLocalAddress().getHostAddress());
+            assertEquals(
+                    new InetSocketAddress(toAddr, client.getLocalPort()),
+                    server.getRemoteSocketAddress());
+            assertEquals(
+                    new InetSocketAddress(toAddr, server.getLocalPort()),
+                    client.getRemoteSocketAddress());
+
+            // Now write some data.
+            final int LENGTH = 32768;
+            byte[] data = new byte[LENGTH];
+            new Random().nextBytes(data);
+
+            // Make sure our writes don't block or time out, because we're single-threaded and can't
+            // read and write at the same time.
+            server.setReceiveBufferSize(LENGTH * 2);
+            client.setSendBufferSize(LENGTH * 2);
+            client.setSoTimeout(SOCKET_TIMEOUT_MS);
+            server.setSoTimeout(SOCKET_TIMEOUT_MS);
+
+            // Send some data from client to server, then from server to client.
+            writeAndCheckData(client.getOutputStream(), server.getInputStream(), data);
+            writeAndCheckData(server.getOutputStream(), client.getInputStream(), data);
+        } finally {
+            closeQuietly(listen);
+            closeQuietly(client);
+            closeQuietly(server);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void checkConnectionOwnerUidUdp(DatagramSocket s, boolean expectSuccess) {
+        final int expectedUid = expectSuccess ? Process.myUid() : INVALID_UID;
+        InetSocketAddress loc = new InetSocketAddress(s.getLocalAddress(), s.getLocalPort());
+        InetSocketAddress rem = new InetSocketAddress(s.getInetAddress(), s.getPort());
+        int uid = mCM.getConnectionOwnerUid(OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP, loc, rem);
+        assertEquals(expectedUid, uid);
+    }
+
+    private void checkConnectionOwnerUidTcp(Socket s) {
+        final int expectedUid = Process.myUid();
+        InetSocketAddress loc = new InetSocketAddress(s.getLocalAddress(), s.getLocalPort());
+        InetSocketAddress rem = new InetSocketAddress(s.getInetAddress(), s.getPort());
+        int uid = mCM.getConnectionOwnerUid(OsConstants.IPPROTO_TCP, loc, rem);
+        assertEquals(expectedUid, uid);
+    }
+
+    private void checkUdpEcho(String to, String expectedFrom) throws IOException {
+        checkUdpEcho(to, expectedFrom, expectedFrom != null);
+    }
+
+    private void checkUdpEcho(String to, String expectedFrom,
+            boolean expectConnectionOwnerIsVisible)
+            throws IOException {
+        DatagramSocket s;
+        InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName(to);
+        if (address instanceof Inet6Address) {  // http://b/18094870
+            s = new DatagramSocket(0, InetAddress.getByName("::"));
+        } else {
+            s = new DatagramSocket();
+        }
+        s.setSoTimeout(SOCKET_TIMEOUT_MS);
+
+        Random random = new Random();
+        byte[] data = new byte[random.nextInt(1650)];
+        random.nextBytes(data);
+        DatagramPacket p = new DatagramPacket(data, data.length);
+        s.connect(address, 7);
+
+        if (expectedFrom != null) {
+            assertEquals("Unexpected source address: ",
+                         expectedFrom, s.getLocalAddress().getHostAddress());
+        }
+
+        try {
+            if (expectedFrom != null) {
+                s.send(p);
+                checkConnectionOwnerUidUdp(s, expectConnectionOwnerIsVisible);
+                s.receive(p);
+                MoreAsserts.assertEquals(data, p.getData());
+            } else {
+                try {
+                    s.send(p);
+                    s.receive(p);
+                    fail("Received unexpected reply");
+                } catch (IOException expected) {
+                    checkConnectionOwnerUidUdp(s, expectConnectionOwnerIsVisible);
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            s.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void checkTrafficOnVpn(String destination) throws Exception {
+        final InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName(destination);
+
+        if (address instanceof Inet6Address) {
+            checkUdpEcho(destination, "2001:db8:1:2::ffe");
+            checkPing(destination);
+            checkTcpReflection(destination, "2001:db8:1:2::ffe");
+        } else {
+            checkUdpEcho(destination, "192.0.2.2");
+            checkTcpReflection(destination, "192.0.2.2");
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    private void checkNoTrafficOnVpn(String destination) throws IOException {
+        checkUdpEcho(destination, null);
+        checkTcpReflection(destination, null);
+    }
+
+    private void checkTrafficOnVpn() throws Exception {
+        checkTrafficOnVpn("192.0.2.251");
+        checkTrafficOnVpn("2001:db8:dead:beef::f00");
+    }
+
+    private void checkNoTrafficOnVpn() throws Exception {
+        checkNoTrafficOnVpn("192.0.2.251");
+        checkNoTrafficOnVpn("2001:db8:dead:beef::f00");
+    }
+
+    private void checkTrafficBypassesVpn(String destination) throws Exception {
+        checkUdpEcho(destination, null, true /* expectVpnOwnedConnection */);
+        checkTcpReflection(destination, null);
+    }
+
+    private FileDescriptor openSocketFd(String host, int port, int timeoutMs) throws Exception {
+        Socket s = new Socket(host, port);
+        s.setSoTimeout(timeoutMs);
+        // Dup the filedescriptor so ParcelFileDescriptor's finalizer doesn't garbage collect it
+        // and cause our fd to become invalid. http://b/35927643 .
+        FileDescriptor fd = Os.dup(ParcelFileDescriptor.fromSocket(s).getFileDescriptor());
+        s.close();
+        return fd;
+    }
+
+    private FileDescriptor openSocketFdInOtherApp(
+            String host, int port, int timeoutMs) throws Exception {
+        Log.d(TAG, String.format("Creating test socket in UID=%d, my UID=%d",
+                mRemoteSocketFactoryClient.getUid(), Os.getuid()));
+        FileDescriptor fd = mRemoteSocketFactoryClient.openSocketFd(host, port, TIMEOUT_MS);
+        return fd;
+    }
+
+    private void sendRequest(FileDescriptor fd, String host) throws Exception {
+        String request = "GET /generate_204 HTTP/1.1\r\n" +
+                "Host: " + host + "\r\n" +
+                "Connection: keep-alive\r\n\r\n";
+        byte[] requestBytes = request.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+        int ret = Os.write(fd, requestBytes, 0, requestBytes.length);
+        Log.d(TAG, "Wrote " + ret + "bytes");
+
+        String expected = "HTTP/1.1 204 No Content\r\n";
+        byte[] response = new byte[expected.length()];
+        Os.read(fd, response, 0, response.length);
+
+        String actual = new String(response, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+        assertEquals(expected, actual);
+        Log.d(TAG, "Got response: " + actual);
+    }
+
+    private void assertSocketStillOpen(FileDescriptor fd, String host) throws Exception {
+        try {
+            assertTrue(fd.valid());
+            sendRequest(fd, host);
+            assertTrue(fd.valid());
+        } finally {
+            Os.close(fd);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void assertSocketClosed(FileDescriptor fd, String host) throws Exception {
+        try {
+            assertTrue(fd.valid());
+            sendRequest(fd, host);
+            fail("Socket opened before VPN connects should be closed when VPN connects");
+        } catch (ErrnoException expected) {
+            assertEquals(ECONNABORTED, expected.errno);
+            assertTrue(fd.valid());
+        } finally {
+            Os.close(fd);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private ContentResolver getContentResolver() {
+        return getInstrumentation().getContext().getContentResolver();
+    }
+
+    private boolean isPrivateDnsInStrictMode() {
+        return PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_PROVIDER_HOSTNAME.equals(
+                Settings.Global.getString(getContentResolver(), PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_SETTING));
+    }
+
+    private void storePrivateDnsSetting() {
+        mOldPrivateDnsMode = Settings.Global.getString(getContentResolver(),
+                PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_SETTING);
+        mOldPrivateDnsSpecifier = Settings.Global.getString(getContentResolver(),
+                PRIVATE_DNS_SPECIFIER_SETTING);
+    }
+
+    private void restorePrivateDnsSetting() {
+        Settings.Global.putString(getContentResolver(), PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_SETTING,
+                mOldPrivateDnsMode);
+        Settings.Global.putString(getContentResolver(), PRIVATE_DNS_SPECIFIER_SETTING,
+                mOldPrivateDnsSpecifier);
+    }
+
+    // TODO: replace with CtsNetUtils.awaitPrivateDnsSetting in Q or above.
+    private void expectPrivateDnsHostname(final String hostname) throws Exception {
+        final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
+                .build();
+        final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        final NetworkCallback callback = new NetworkCallback() {
+            @Override
+            public void onLinkPropertiesChanged(Network network, LinkProperties lp) {
+                if (network.equals(mNetwork) &&
+                        Objects.equals(lp.getPrivateDnsServerName(), hostname)) {
+                    latch.countDown();
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        mCM.registerNetworkCallback(request, callback);
+
+        try {
+            assertTrue("Private DNS hostname was not " + hostname + " after " + TIMEOUT_MS + "ms",
+                    latch.await(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+        } finally {
+            mCM.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void setAndVerifyPrivateDns(boolean strictMode) throws Exception {
+        final ContentResolver cr = getInstrumentation().getContext().getContentResolver();
+        String privateDnsHostname;
+
+        if (strictMode) {
+            privateDnsHostname = "vpncts-nx.metric.gstatic.com";
+            Settings.Global.putString(cr, PRIVATE_DNS_SPECIFIER_SETTING, privateDnsHostname);
+            Settings.Global.putString(cr, PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_SETTING,
+                    PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_PROVIDER_HOSTNAME);
+        } else {
+            Settings.Global.putString(cr, PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_SETTING, PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC);
+            privateDnsHostname = null;
+        }
+
+        expectPrivateDnsHostname(privateDnsHostname);
+
+        String randomName = "vpncts-" + new Random().nextInt(1000000000) + "-ds.metric.gstatic.com";
+        if (strictMode) {
+            // Strict mode private DNS is enabled. DNS lookups should fail, because the private DNS
+            // server name is invalid.
+            try {
+                InetAddress.getByName(randomName);
+                fail("VPN DNS lookup should fail with private DNS enabled");
+            } catch (UnknownHostException expected) {
+            }
+        } else {
+            // Strict mode private DNS is disabled. DNS lookup should succeed, because the VPN
+            // provides no DNS servers, and thus DNS falls through to the default network.
+            assertNotNull("VPN DNS lookup should succeed with private DNS disabled",
+                    InetAddress.getByName(randomName));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Tests that strict mode private DNS is used on VPNs.
+    private void checkStrictModePrivateDns() throws Exception {
+        final boolean initialMode = isPrivateDnsInStrictMode();
+        setAndVerifyPrivateDns(!initialMode);
+        setAndVerifyPrivateDns(initialMode);
+    }
+
+    private NetworkRequest makeVpnNetworkRequest() {
+        return new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN)
+                .removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
+                .build();
+    }
+
+    private void expectUnderlyingNetworks(TestableNetworkCallback callback,
+            @Nullable List<Network> expectUnderlyingNetworks) {
+        callback.eventuallyExpect(RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.NETWORK_CAPS_UPDATED,
+                NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS,
+                entry -> (Objects.equals(expectUnderlyingNetworks,
+                        ((RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.CapabilitiesChanged) entry)
+                                .getCaps().getUnderlyingNetworks())));
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2) // TODO: Use to Build.VERSION_CODES.SC_V2 when available
+    public void testChangeUnderlyingNetworks() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
+        assumeTrue(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI));
+        assumeTrue(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_TELEPHONY));
+        final TestableNetworkCallback callback = new TestableNetworkCallback();
+        final boolean isWifiEnabled = mWifiManager.isWifiEnabled();
+        testAndCleanup(() -> {
+            // Ensure both of wifi and mobile data are connected.
+            final Network wifiNetwork = mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
+            assertTrue("Wifi is not connected", (wifiNetwork != null));
+            final Network cellNetwork = mCtsNetUtils.connectToCell();
+            assertTrue("Mobile data is not connected", (cellNetwork != null));
+            // Store current default network.
+            final Network defaultNetwork = mCM.getActiveNetwork();
+            // Start VPN and set empty array as its underlying networks.
+            startVpn(new String[] {"192.0.2.2/32", "2001:db8:1:2::ffe/128"} /* addresses */,
+                    new String[] {"0.0.0.0/0", "::/0"} /* routes */,
+                    "" /* allowedApplications */, "" /* disallowedApplications */,
+                    null /* proxyInfo */, new ArrayList<>() /* underlyingNetworks */,
+                    false /* isAlwaysMetered */);
+            // Acquire the NETWORK_SETTINGS permission for getting the underlying networks.
+            runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> {
+                mCM.registerNetworkCallback(makeVpnNetworkRequest(), callback);
+                // Check that this VPN doesn't have any underlying networks.
+                expectUnderlyingNetworks(callback, new ArrayList<Network>());
+
+                // Update the underlying networks to null and the underlying networks should follow
+                // the system default network.
+                updateUnderlyingNetworks(null);
+                expectUnderlyingNetworks(callback, List.of(defaultNetwork));
+
+                // Update the underlying networks to mobile data.
+                updateUnderlyingNetworks(new ArrayList<>(List.of(cellNetwork)));
+                // Check the underlying networks of NetworkCapabilities which comes from
+                // onCapabilitiesChanged is mobile data.
+                expectUnderlyingNetworks(callback, List.of(cellNetwork));
+
+                // Update the underlying networks to wifi.
+                updateUnderlyingNetworks(new ArrayList<>(List.of(wifiNetwork)));
+                // Check the underlying networks of NetworkCapabilities which comes from
+                // onCapabilitiesChanged is wifi.
+                expectUnderlyingNetworks(callback, List.of(wifiNetwork));
+
+                // Update the underlying networks to wifi and mobile data.
+                updateUnderlyingNetworks(new ArrayList<>(List.of(wifiNetwork, cellNetwork)));
+                // Check the underlying networks of NetworkCapabilities which comes from
+                // onCapabilitiesChanged is wifi and mobile data.
+                expectUnderlyingNetworks(callback, List.of(wifiNetwork, cellNetwork));
+            }, NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+        }, () -> {
+                if (isWifiEnabled) {
+                    mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
+                } else {
+                    mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiDisconnected(null);
+                }
+            }, () -> {
+                mCM.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
+            });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDefault() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
+        if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastS() && (
+                SystemProperties.getInt("persist.adb.tcp.port", -1) > -1
+                        || SystemProperties.getInt("service.adb.tcp.port", -1) > -1)) {
+            // If adb TCP port opened, this test may running by adb over network.
+            // All of socket would be destroyed in this test. So this test don't
+            // support adb over network, see b/119382723.
+            // This is fixed in S, but still affects previous Android versions,
+            // and this test must be backwards compatible.
+            // TODO: Delete this code entirely when R is no longer supported.
+            Log.i(TAG, "adb is running over the network, so skip this test");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final BlockingBroadcastReceiver receiver = new BlockingBroadcastReceiver(
+                getInstrumentation().getTargetContext(), MyVpnService.ACTION_ESTABLISHED);
+        receiver.register();
+
+        // Test the behaviour of a variety of types of network callbacks.
+        final Network defaultNetwork = mCM.getActiveNetwork();
+        final TestableNetworkCallback systemDefaultCallback = new TestableNetworkCallback();
+        final TestableNetworkCallback otherUidCallback = new TestableNetworkCallback();
+        final TestableNetworkCallback myUidCallback = new TestableNetworkCallback();
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastS()) {
+            final int otherUid =
+                    UserHandle.of(5 /* userId */).getUid(Process.FIRST_APPLICATION_UID);
+            final Handler h = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
+            runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> {
+                mCM.registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(systemDefaultCallback, h);
+                mCM.registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(otherUid, otherUidCallback, h);
+                mCM.registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(Process.myUid(), myUidCallback, h);
+            }, NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+            for (TestableNetworkCallback callback :
+                    List.of(systemDefaultCallback, otherUidCallback, myUidCallback)) {
+                callback.expectAvailableCallbacks(defaultNetwork, false /* suspended */,
+                        true /* validated */, false /* blocked */, TIMEOUT_MS);
+            }
+        }
+
+        FileDescriptor fd = openSocketFdInOtherApp(TEST_HOST, 80, TIMEOUT_MS);
+
+        startVpn(new String[] {"192.0.2.2/32", "2001:db8:1:2::ffe/128"},
+                 new String[] {"0.0.0.0/0", "::/0"},
+                 "", "", null, null /* underlyingNetworks */, false /* isAlwaysMetered */);
+
+        final Intent intent = receiver.awaitForBroadcast(TimeUnit.MINUTES.toMillis(1));
+        assertNotNull("Failed to receive broadcast from VPN service", intent);
+        assertFalse("Wrong VpnService#isAlwaysOn",
+                intent.getBooleanExtra(MyVpnService.EXTRA_ALWAYS_ON, true));
+        assertFalse("Wrong VpnService#isLockdownEnabled",
+                intent.getBooleanExtra(MyVpnService.EXTRA_LOCKDOWN_ENABLED, true));
+
+        assertSocketClosed(fd, TEST_HOST);
+
+        checkTrafficOnVpn();
+
+        final Network vpnNetwork = mCM.getActiveNetwork();
+        myUidCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(vpnNetwork, TIMEOUT_MS);
+        assertEquals(vpnNetwork, mCM.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertNotEqual(defaultNetwork, vpnNetwork);
+        maybeExpectVpnTransportInfo(vpnNetwork);
+        assertEquals(TYPE_VPN, mCM.getNetworkInfo(vpnNetwork).getType());
+
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
+            runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> {
+                final NetworkCapabilities nc = mCM.getNetworkCapabilities(vpnNetwork);
+                assertNotNull(nc);
+                assertNotNull(nc.getUnderlyingNetworks());
+                assertEquals(defaultNetwork, new ArrayList<>(nc.getUnderlyingNetworks()).get(0));
+            }, NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+        }
+
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastS()) {
+            // Check that system default network callback has not seen any network changes, even
+            // though the app's default network changed. Also check that otherUidCallback saw no
+            // network changes, because otherUid is in a different user and not subject to the VPN.
+            // This needs to be done before testing  private DNS because checkStrictModePrivateDns
+            // will set the private DNS server to a nonexistent name, which will cause validation to
+            // fail and could cause the default network to switch (e.g., from wifi to cellular).
+            systemDefaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+            otherUidCallback.assertNoCallback();
+            mCM.unregisterNetworkCallback(systemDefaultCallback);
+            mCM.unregisterNetworkCallback(otherUidCallback);
+            mCM.unregisterNetworkCallback(myUidCallback);
+        }
+
+        checkStrictModePrivateDns();
+
+        receiver.unregisterQuietly();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAppAllowed() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
+
+        FileDescriptor fd = openSocketFdInOtherApp(TEST_HOST, 80, TIMEOUT_MS);
+
+        // Shell app must not be put in here or it would kill the ADB-over-network use case
+        String allowedApps = mRemoteSocketFactoryClient.getPackageName() + "," + mPackageName;
+        startVpn(new String[] {"192.0.2.2/32", "2001:db8:1:2::ffe/128"},
+                 new String[] {"192.0.2.0/24", "2001:db8::/32"},
+                 allowedApps, "", null, null /* underlyingNetworks */, false /* isAlwaysMetered */);
+
+        assertSocketClosed(fd, TEST_HOST);
+
+        checkTrafficOnVpn();
+
+        maybeExpectVpnTransportInfo(mCM.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        checkStrictModePrivateDns();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAppDisallowed() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
+
+        FileDescriptor localFd = openSocketFd(TEST_HOST, 80, TIMEOUT_MS);
+        FileDescriptor remoteFd = openSocketFdInOtherApp(TEST_HOST, 80, TIMEOUT_MS);
+
+        String disallowedApps = mRemoteSocketFactoryClient.getPackageName() + "," + mPackageName;
+        if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastS()) {
+            // If adb TCP port opened, this test may running by adb over TCP.
+            // Add com.android.shell application into disallowedApps to exclude adb socket for VPN
+            // test, see b/119382723 (the test doesn't support adb over TCP when adb runs as root).
+            //
+            // This is fixed in S, but still affects previous Android versions,
+            // and this test must be backwards compatible.
+            // TODO: Delete this code entirely when R is no longer supported.
+            disallowedApps = disallowedApps + ",com.android.shell";
+        }
+        Log.i(TAG, "Append shell app to disallowedApps: " + disallowedApps);
+        startVpn(new String[] {"192.0.2.2/32", "2001:db8:1:2::ffe/128"},
+                new String[] {"192.0.2.0/24", "2001:db8::/32"},
+                "", disallowedApps, null, null /* underlyingNetworks */,
+                false /* isAlwaysMetered */);
+
+        assertSocketStillOpen(localFd, TEST_HOST);
+        assertSocketStillOpen(remoteFd, TEST_HOST);
+
+        checkNoTrafficOnVpn();
+
+        final Network network = mCM.getActiveNetwork();
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = mCM.getNetworkCapabilities(network);
+        assertFalse(nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExcludedRoutes() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
+        assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastT());
+
+        // Shell app must not be put in here or it would kill the ADB-over-network use case
+        String allowedApps = mRemoteSocketFactoryClient.getPackageName() + "," + mPackageName;
+        startVpn(new String[]{"192.0.2.2/32", "2001:db8:1:2::ffe/128"} /* addresses */,
+                new String[]{"0.0.0.0/0", "::/0"} /* routes */,
+                new String[]{"192.0.2.0/24", "2001:db8::/32"} /* excludedRoutes */,
+                allowedApps, "" /* disallowedApplications */, null /* proxyInfo */,
+                null /* underlyingNetworks */, false /* isAlwaysMetered */);
+
+        // Excluded routes should bypass VPN.
+        checkTrafficBypassesVpn("192.0.2.1");
+        checkTrafficBypassesVpn("2001:db8:dead:beef::f00");
+        // Other routes should go through VPN, since default routes are included.
+        checkTrafficOnVpn("198.51.100.1");
+        checkTrafficOnVpn("2002:db8::1");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIncludedRoutes() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
+
+        // Shell app must not be put in here or it would kill the ADB-over-network use case
+        String allowedApps = mRemoteSocketFactoryClient.getPackageName() + "," + mPackageName;
+        startVpn(new String[]{"192.0.2.2/32", "2001:db8:1:2::ffe/128"} /* addresses */,
+                new String[]{"192.0.2.0/24", "2001:db8::/32"} /* routes */,
+                allowedApps, "" /* disallowedApplications */, null /* proxyInfo */,
+                null /* underlyingNetworks */, false /* isAlwaysMetered */);
+
+        // Included routes should go through VPN.
+        checkTrafficOnVpn("192.0.2.1");
+        checkTrafficOnVpn("2001:db8:dead:beef::f00");
+        // Other routes should bypass VPN, since default routes are not included.
+        checkTrafficBypassesVpn("198.51.100.1");
+        checkTrafficBypassesVpn("2002:db8::1");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInterleavedRoutes() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
+        assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastT());
+
+        // Shell app must not be put in here or it would kill the ADB-over-network use case
+        String allowedApps = mRemoteSocketFactoryClient.getPackageName() + "," + mPackageName;
+        startVpn(new String[]{"192.0.2.2/32", "2001:db8:1:2::ffe/128"} /* addresses */,
+                new String[]{"0.0.0.0/0", "192.0.2.0/32", "::/0", "2001:db8::/128"} /* routes */,
+                new String[]{"192.0.2.0/24", "2001:db8::/32"} /* excludedRoutes */,
+                allowedApps, "" /* disallowedApplications */, null /* proxyInfo */,
+                null /* underlyingNetworks */, false /* isAlwaysMetered */,
+                true /* addRoutesByIpPrefix */);
+
+        // Excluded routes should bypass VPN.
+        checkTrafficBypassesVpn("192.0.2.1");
+        checkTrafficBypassesVpn("2001:db8:dead:beef::f00");
+
+        // Included routes inside excluded routes should go through VPN, since the longest common
+        // prefix precedes.
+        checkTrafficOnVpn("192.0.2.0");
+        checkTrafficOnVpn("2001:db8::");
+
+        // Other routes should go through VPN, since default routes are included.
+        checkTrafficOnVpn("198.51.100.1");
+        checkTrafficOnVpn("2002:db8::1");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetConnectionOwnerUidSecurity() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
+
+        DatagramSocket s;
+        InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
+        s = new DatagramSocket();
+        s.setSoTimeout(SOCKET_TIMEOUT_MS);
+        s.connect(address, 7);
+        InetSocketAddress loc = new InetSocketAddress(s.getLocalAddress(), s.getLocalPort());
+        InetSocketAddress rem = new InetSocketAddress(s.getInetAddress(), s.getPort());
+        try {
+            int uid = mCM.getConnectionOwnerUid(OsConstants.IPPROTO_TCP, loc, rem);
+            assertEquals("Only an active VPN app should see connection information",
+                    INVALID_UID, uid);
+        } catch (SecurityException acceptable) {
+            // R and below throw SecurityException if a non-active VPN calls this method.
+            // As long as we can't actually get socket information, either behaviour is fine.
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetProxy() throws  Exception {
+        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
+        ProxyInfo initialProxy = mCM.getDefaultProxy();
+        // Receiver for the proxy change broadcast.
+        BlockingBroadcastReceiver proxyBroadcastReceiver = new ProxyChangeBroadcastReceiver();
+        proxyBroadcastReceiver.register();
+
+        String allowedApps = mPackageName;
+        ProxyInfo testProxyInfo = ProxyInfo.buildDirectProxy("10.0.0.1", 8888);
+        startVpn(new String[] {"192.0.2.2/32", "2001:db8:1:2::ffe/128"},
+                new String[] {"0.0.0.0/0", "::/0"}, allowedApps, "",
+                testProxyInfo, null /* underlyingNetworks */, false /* isAlwaysMetered */);
+
+        // Check that the proxy change broadcast is received
+        try {
+            assertNotNull("No proxy change was broadcast when VPN is connected.",
+                    proxyBroadcastReceiver.awaitForBroadcast());
+        } finally {
+            proxyBroadcastReceiver.unregisterQuietly();
+        }
+
+        // Proxy is set correctly in network and in link properties.
+        assertNetworkHasExpectedProxy(testProxyInfo, mNetwork);
+        assertDefaultProxy(testProxyInfo);
+
+        proxyBroadcastReceiver = new ProxyChangeBroadcastReceiver();
+        proxyBroadcastReceiver.register();
+        stopVpn();
+        try {
+            assertNotNull("No proxy change was broadcast when VPN was disconnected.",
+                    proxyBroadcastReceiver.awaitForBroadcast());
+        } finally {
+            proxyBroadcastReceiver.unregisterQuietly();
+        }
+
+        // After disconnecting from VPN, the proxy settings are the ones of the initial network.
+        assertDefaultProxy(initialProxy);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetProxyDisallowedApps() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
+        ProxyInfo initialProxy = mCM.getDefaultProxy();
+
+        String disallowedApps = mPackageName;
+        if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastS()) {
+            // If adb TCP port opened, this test may running by adb over TCP.
+            // Add com.android.shell application into disallowedApps to exclude adb socket for VPN
+            // test, see b/119382723 (the test doesn't support adb over TCP when adb runs as root).
+            //
+            // This is fixed in S, but still affects previous Android versions,
+            // and this test must be backwards compatible.
+            // TODO: Delete this code entirely when R is no longer supported.
+            disallowedApps += ",com.android.shell";
+        }
+        ProxyInfo testProxyInfo = ProxyInfo.buildDirectProxy("10.0.0.1", 8888);
+        startVpn(new String[] {"192.0.2.2/32", "2001:db8:1:2::ffe/128"},
+                new String[] {"0.0.0.0/0", "::/0"}, "", disallowedApps,
+                testProxyInfo, null /* underlyingNetworks */, false /* isAlwaysMetered */);
+
+        // The disallowed app does has the proxy configs of the default network.
+        assertNetworkHasExpectedProxy(initialProxy, mCM.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertDefaultProxy(initialProxy);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNoProxy() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
+        ProxyInfo initialProxy = mCM.getDefaultProxy();
+        BlockingBroadcastReceiver proxyBroadcastReceiver = new ProxyChangeBroadcastReceiver();
+        proxyBroadcastReceiver.register();
+        String allowedApps = mPackageName;
+        startVpn(new String[] {"192.0.2.2/32", "2001:db8:1:2::ffe/128"},
+                new String[] {"0.0.0.0/0", "::/0"}, allowedApps, "", null,
+                null /* underlyingNetworks */, false /* isAlwaysMetered */);
+
+        try {
+            assertNotNull("No proxy change was broadcast.",
+                    proxyBroadcastReceiver.awaitForBroadcast());
+        } finally {
+            proxyBroadcastReceiver.unregisterQuietly();
+        }
+
+        // The VPN network has no proxy set.
+        assertNetworkHasExpectedProxy(null, mNetwork);
+
+        proxyBroadcastReceiver = new ProxyChangeBroadcastReceiver();
+        proxyBroadcastReceiver.register();
+        stopVpn();
+        try {
+            assertNotNull("No proxy change was broadcast.",
+                    proxyBroadcastReceiver.awaitForBroadcast());
+        } finally {
+            proxyBroadcastReceiver.unregisterQuietly();
+        }
+        // After disconnecting from VPN, the proxy settings are the ones of the initial network.
+        assertDefaultProxy(initialProxy);
+        assertNetworkHasExpectedProxy(initialProxy, mCM.getActiveNetwork());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBindToNetworkWithProxy() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
+        String allowedApps = mPackageName;
+        Network initialNetwork = mCM.getActiveNetwork();
+        ProxyInfo initialProxy = mCM.getDefaultProxy();
+        ProxyInfo testProxyInfo = ProxyInfo.buildDirectProxy("10.0.0.1", 8888);
+        // Receiver for the proxy change broadcast.
+        BlockingBroadcastReceiver proxyBroadcastReceiver = new ProxyChangeBroadcastReceiver();
+        proxyBroadcastReceiver.register();
+        startVpn(new String[] {"192.0.2.2/32", "2001:db8:1:2::ffe/128"},
+                new String[] {"0.0.0.0/0", "::/0"}, allowedApps, "",
+                testProxyInfo, null /* underlyingNetworks */, false /* isAlwaysMetered */);
+
+        assertDefaultProxy(testProxyInfo);
+        mCM.bindProcessToNetwork(initialNetwork);
+        try {
+            assertNotNull("No proxy change was broadcast.",
+                proxyBroadcastReceiver.awaitForBroadcast());
+        } finally {
+            proxyBroadcastReceiver.unregisterQuietly();
+        }
+        assertDefaultProxy(initialProxy);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testVpnMeterednessWithNoUnderlyingNetwork() throws Exception {
+        if (!supportedHardware()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        // VPN is not routing any traffic i.e. its underlying networks is an empty array.
+        ArrayList<Network> underlyingNetworks = new ArrayList<>();
+        String allowedApps = mPackageName;
+
+        startVpn(new String[] {"192.0.2.2/32", "2001:db8:1:2::ffe/128"},
+                new String[] {"0.0.0.0/0", "::/0"}, allowedApps, "", null,
+                underlyingNetworks, false /* isAlwaysMetered */);
+
+        // VPN should now be the active network.
+        assertEquals(mNetwork, mCM.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertVpnTransportContains(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN);
+        // VPN with no underlying networks should be metered by default.
+        assertTrue(isNetworkMetered(mNetwork));
+        assertTrue(mCM.isActiveNetworkMetered());
+
+        maybeExpectVpnTransportInfo(mCM.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
+            runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> {
+                final NetworkCapabilities nc = mCM.getNetworkCapabilities(mNetwork);
+                assertNotNull(nc);
+                assertNotNull(nc.getUnderlyingNetworks());
+                assertEquals(underlyingNetworks, new ArrayList<>(nc.getUnderlyingNetworks()));
+            }, NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testVpnMeterednessWithNullUnderlyingNetwork() throws Exception {
+        if (!supportedHardware()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        Network underlyingNetwork = mCM.getActiveNetwork();
+        if (underlyingNetwork == null) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "testVpnMeterednessWithNullUnderlyingNetwork cannot execute"
+                    + " unless there is an active network");
+            return;
+        }
+        // VPN tracks platform default.
+        ArrayList<Network> underlyingNetworks = null;
+        String allowedApps = mPackageName;
+
+        startVpn(new String[] {"192.0.2.2/32", "2001:db8:1:2::ffe/128"},
+                new String[] {"0.0.0.0/0", "::/0"}, allowedApps, "", null,
+                underlyingNetworks, false /*isAlwaysMetered */);
+
+        // Ensure VPN transports contains underlying network's transports.
+        assertVpnTransportContains(underlyingNetwork);
+        // Its meteredness should be same as that of underlying network.
+        assertEquals(isNetworkMetered(underlyingNetwork), isNetworkMetered(mNetwork));
+        // Meteredness based on VPN capabilities and CM#isActiveNetworkMetered should be in sync.
+        assertEquals(isNetworkMetered(mNetwork), mCM.isActiveNetworkMetered());
+
+        maybeExpectVpnTransportInfo(mCM.getActiveNetwork());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testVpnMeterednessWithNonNullUnderlyingNetwork() throws Exception {
+        if (!supportedHardware()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        Network underlyingNetwork = mCM.getActiveNetwork();
+        if (underlyingNetwork == null) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "testVpnMeterednessWithNonNullUnderlyingNetwork cannot execute"
+                    + " unless there is an active network");
+            return;
+        }
+        // VPN explicitly declares WiFi to be its underlying network.
+        ArrayList<Network> underlyingNetworks = new ArrayList<>(1);
+        underlyingNetworks.add(underlyingNetwork);
+        String allowedApps = mPackageName;
+
+        startVpn(new String[] {"192.0.2.2/32", "2001:db8:1:2::ffe/128"},
+                new String[] {"0.0.0.0/0", "::/0"}, allowedApps, "", null,
+                underlyingNetworks, false /* isAlwaysMetered */);
+
+        // Ensure VPN transports contains underlying network's transports.
+        assertVpnTransportContains(underlyingNetwork);
+        // Its meteredness should be same as that of underlying network.
+        assertEquals(isNetworkMetered(underlyingNetwork), isNetworkMetered(mNetwork));
+        // Meteredness based on VPN capabilities and CM#isActiveNetworkMetered should be in sync.
+        assertEquals(isNetworkMetered(mNetwork), mCM.isActiveNetworkMetered());
+
+        maybeExpectVpnTransportInfo(mCM.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
+            final Network vpnNetwork = mCM.getActiveNetwork();
+            assertNotEqual(underlyingNetwork, vpnNetwork);
+            runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> {
+                final NetworkCapabilities nc = mCM.getNetworkCapabilities(vpnNetwork);
+                assertNotNull(nc);
+                assertNotNull(nc.getUnderlyingNetworks());
+                final List<Network> underlying = nc.getUnderlyingNetworks();
+                assertEquals(underlyingNetwork, underlying.get(0));
+            }, NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAlwaysMeteredVpnWithNullUnderlyingNetwork() throws Exception {
+        if (!supportedHardware()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        Network underlyingNetwork = mCM.getActiveNetwork();
+        if (underlyingNetwork == null) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "testAlwaysMeteredVpnWithNullUnderlyingNetwork cannot execute"
+                    + " unless there is an active network");
+            return;
+        }
+        // VPN tracks platform default.
+        ArrayList<Network> underlyingNetworks = null;
+        String allowedApps = mPackageName;
+        boolean isAlwaysMetered = true;
+
+        startVpn(new String[] {"192.0.2.2/32", "2001:db8:1:2::ffe/128"},
+                new String[] {"0.0.0.0/0", "::/0"}, allowedApps, "", null,
+                underlyingNetworks, isAlwaysMetered);
+
+        // VPN's meteredness does not depend on underlying network since it is always metered.
+        assertTrue(isNetworkMetered(mNetwork));
+        assertTrue(mCM.isActiveNetworkMetered());
+
+        maybeExpectVpnTransportInfo(mCM.getActiveNetwork());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAlwaysMeteredVpnWithNonNullUnderlyingNetwork() throws Exception {
+        if (!supportedHardware()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        Network underlyingNetwork = mCM.getActiveNetwork();
+        if (underlyingNetwork == null) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "testAlwaysMeteredVpnWithNonNullUnderlyingNetwork cannot execute"
+                    + " unless there is an active network");
+            return;
+        }
+        // VPN explicitly declares its underlying network.
+        ArrayList<Network> underlyingNetworks = new ArrayList<>(1);
+        underlyingNetworks.add(underlyingNetwork);
+        String allowedApps = mPackageName;
+        boolean isAlwaysMetered = true;
+
+        startVpn(new String[] {"192.0.2.2/32", "2001:db8:1:2::ffe/128"},
+                new String[] {"0.0.0.0/0", "::/0"}, allowedApps, "", null,
+                underlyingNetworks, isAlwaysMetered);
+
+        // VPN's meteredness does not depend on underlying network since it is always metered.
+        assertTrue(isNetworkMetered(mNetwork));
+        assertTrue(mCM.isActiveNetworkMetered());
+
+        maybeExpectVpnTransportInfo(mCM.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
+            final Network vpnNetwork = mCM.getActiveNetwork();
+            assertNotEqual(underlyingNetwork, vpnNetwork);
+            runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> {
+                final NetworkCapabilities nc = mCM.getNetworkCapabilities(vpnNetwork);
+                assertNotNull(nc);
+                assertNotNull(nc.getUnderlyingNetworks());
+                final List<Network> underlying = nc.getUnderlyingNetworks();
+                assertEquals(underlyingNetwork, underlying.get(0));
+            }, NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testB141603906() throws Exception {
+        if (!supportedHardware()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        final InetSocketAddress src = new InetSocketAddress(0);
+        final InetSocketAddress dst = new InetSocketAddress(0);
+        final int NUM_THREADS = 8;
+        final int NUM_SOCKETS = 5000;
+        final Thread[] threads = new Thread[NUM_THREADS];
+        startVpn(new String[] {"192.0.2.2/32", "2001:db8:1:2::ffe/128"},
+                 new String[] {"0.0.0.0/0", "::/0"},
+                 "" /* allowedApplications */, "com.android.shell" /* disallowedApplications */,
+                null /* proxyInfo */, null /* underlyingNetworks */, false /* isAlwaysMetered */);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < NUM_THREADS; i++) {
+            threads[i] = new Thread(() -> {
+                for (int j = 0; j < NUM_SOCKETS; j++) {
+                    mCM.getConnectionOwnerUid(IPPROTO_TCP, src, dst);
+                }
+            });
+        }
+        for (Thread thread : threads) {
+            thread.start();
+        }
+        for (Thread thread : threads) {
+            thread.join();
+        }
+        stopVpn();
+    }
+
+    private boolean isNetworkMetered(Network network) {
+        NetworkCapabilities nc = mCM.getNetworkCapabilities(network);
+        return !nc.hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+    }
+
+    private void assertVpnTransportContains(Network underlyingNetwork) {
+        int[] transports = mCM.getNetworkCapabilities(underlyingNetwork).getTransportTypes();
+        assertVpnTransportContains(transports);
+    }
+
+    private void assertVpnTransportContains(int... transports) {
+        NetworkCapabilities vpnCaps = mCM.getNetworkCapabilities(mNetwork);
+        for (int transport : transports) {
+            assertTrue(vpnCaps.hasTransport(transport));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void maybeExpectVpnTransportInfo(Network network) {
+        assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastS());
+        final NetworkCapabilities vpnNc = mCM.getNetworkCapabilities(network);
+        assertTrue(vpnNc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN));
+        final TransportInfo ti = vpnNc.getTransportInfo();
+        assertTrue(ti instanceof VpnTransportInfo);
+        assertEquals(VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE, ((VpnTransportInfo) ti).getType());
+    }
+
+    private void assertDefaultProxy(ProxyInfo expected) {
+        assertEquals("Incorrect proxy config.", expected, mCM.getDefaultProxy());
+        String expectedHost = expected == null ? null : expected.getHost();
+        String expectedPort = expected == null ? null : String.valueOf(expected.getPort());
+        assertEquals("Incorrect proxy host system property.", expectedHost,
+            System.getProperty("http.proxyHost"));
+        assertEquals("Incorrect proxy port system property.", expectedPort,
+            System.getProperty("http.proxyPort"));
+    }
+
+    private void assertNetworkHasExpectedProxy(ProxyInfo expected, Network network) {
+        LinkProperties lp = mCM.getLinkProperties(network);
+        assertNotNull("The network link properties object is null.", lp);
+        assertEquals("Incorrect proxy config.", expected, lp.getHttpProxy());
+
+        assertEquals(expected, mCM.getProxyForNetwork(network));
+    }
+
+    class ProxyChangeBroadcastReceiver extends BlockingBroadcastReceiver {
+        private boolean received;
+
+        public ProxyChangeBroadcastReceiver() {
+            super(getInstrumentation().getContext(), Proxy.PROXY_CHANGE_ACTION);
+            received = false;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+            if (!received) {
+                // Do not call onReceive() more than once.
+                super.onReceive(context, intent);
+            }
+            received = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verifies that DownloadManager has CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS permission that can
+     * bind socket to VPN when it is in VPN disallowed list but requested downloading app is in VPN
+     * allowed list.
+     * See b/165774987.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testDownloadWithDownloadManagerDisallowed() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
+
+        // Start a VPN with DownloadManager package in disallowed list.
+        startVpn(new String[] {"192.0.2.2/32", "2001:db8:1:2::ffe/128"},
+                new String[] {"192.0.2.0/24", "2001:db8::/32"},
+                "" /* allowedApps */, "com.android.providers.downloads", null /* proxyInfo */,
+                null /* underlyingNetworks */, false /* isAlwaysMetered */);
+
+        final Context context = getInstrumentation().getContext();
+        final DownloadManager dm = context.getSystemService(DownloadManager.class);
+        final DownloadCompleteReceiver receiver = new DownloadCompleteReceiver();
+        try {
+            context.registerReceiver(receiver,
+                    new IntentFilter(DownloadManager.ACTION_DOWNLOAD_COMPLETE));
+
+            // Enqueue a request and check only one download.
+            final long id = dm.enqueue(new Request(
+                    Uri.parse("https://google-ipv6test.appspot.com/ip.js?fmt=text")));
+            assertEquals(1, getTotalNumberDownloads(dm, new Query()));
+            assertEquals(1, getTotalNumberDownloads(dm, new Query().setFilterById(id)));
+
+            // Wait for download complete and check status.
+            assertEquals(id, receiver.get(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+            assertEquals(1, getTotalNumberDownloads(dm,
+                    new Query().setFilterByStatus(DownloadManager.STATUS_SUCCESSFUL)));
+
+            // Remove download.
+            assertEquals(1, dm.remove(id));
+            assertEquals(0, getTotalNumberDownloads(dm, new Query()));
+        } finally {
+            context.unregisterReceiver(receiver);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static int getTotalNumberDownloads(final DownloadManager dm, final Query query) {
+        try (Cursor cursor = dm.query(query)) { return cursor.getCount(); }
+    }
+
+    private static class DownloadCompleteReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
+        private final CompletableFuture<Long> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
+
+        @Override
+        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+            future.complete(intent.getLongExtra(
+                    DownloadManager.EXTRA_DOWNLOAD_ID, -1 /* defaultValue */));
+        }
+
+        public long get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws Exception {
+            return future.get(timeout, unit);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/Android.bp b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01c8cd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+android_test_helper_app {
+    name: "CtsHostsideNetworkTestsApp2",
+    defaults: ["cts_support_defaults"],
+    sdk_version: "test_current",
+    static_libs: [
+        "CtsHostsideNetworkTestsAidl",
+        "NetworkStackApiStableShims",
+    ],
+    srcs: ["src/**/*.java"],
+    // Tag this module as a cts test artifact
+    test_suites: [
+        "cts",
+        "general-tests",
+        "sts",
+    ],
+    certificate: ":cts-net-app",
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/AndroidManifest.xml b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/AndroidManifest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff7240d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!--
+     Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+     package="com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2">
+
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.PACKAGE_USAGE_STATS" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS" />
+
+    <!--
+     This application is used to listen to RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED intents and store
+     them in a shared preferences which is then read by the test app. These broadcasts are
+     handled by 2 listeners, one defined the manifest and another dynamically registered by
+     a service.
+
+     The manifest-defined listener also handles ordered broadcasts used to share data with the
+     test app.
+
+     This application also provides a service, RemoteSocketFactoryService, that the test app can
+     use to open sockets to remote hosts as a different user ID.
+    -->
+    <application android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
+            android:testOnly="true"
+            android:debuggable="true">
+
+        <activity android:name=".MyActivity"
+             android:exported="true"/>
+        <service android:name=".MyService"
+             android:exported="true"/>
+        <service android:name=".MyForegroundService"
+             android:exported="true"/>
+        <service android:name=".RemoteSocketFactoryService"
+             android:exported="true"/>
+
+        <receiver android:name=".MyBroadcastReceiver"
+             android:exported="true">
+            <intent-filter>
+                <action android:name="android.net.conn.RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED"/>
+                <action android:name="com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.action.GET_COUNTERS"/>
+                <action android:name="com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.action.GET_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS"/>
+                <action android:name="com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.action.CHECK_NETWORK"/>
+                <action android:name="com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.action.SEND_NOTIFICATION"/>
+                <action android:name="com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.action.SHOW_TOAST"/>
+                </intent-filter>
+        </receiver>
+        <service android:name=".MyJobService"
+            android:permission="android.permission.BIND_JOB_SERVICE" />
+    </application>
+
+    <!--
+      Adding this to make sure that receiving the broadcast is not restricted by
+      package visibility restrictions.
+    -->
+    <queries>
+        <package android:name="android" />
+    </queries>
+
+</manifest>
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/res/drawable/ic_notification.png b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/res/drawable/ic_notification.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ae570b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/res/drawable/ic_notification.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/Common.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/Common.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e79182
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/Common.java
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2;
+
+import android.app.ActivityManager;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager.NameNotFoundException;
+import android.os.AsyncTask;
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.os.Process;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.cts.net.hostside.INetworkStateObserver;
+
+public final class Common {
+
+    static final String TAG = "CtsNetApp2";
+
+    // Constants below must match values defined on app's
+    // AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java
+    static final String MANIFEST_RECEIVER = "ManifestReceiver";
+    static final String DYNAMIC_RECEIVER = "DynamicReceiver";
+
+    static final String ACTION_RECEIVER_READY =
+            "com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.action.RECEIVER_READY";
+    static final String ACTION_FINISH_ACTIVITY =
+            "com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.action.FINISH_ACTIVITY";
+    static final String ACTION_FINISH_JOB =
+            "com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.action.FINISH_JOB";
+    static final String ACTION_SHOW_TOAST =
+            "com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.action.SHOW_TOAST";
+    // Copied from com.android.server.net.NetworkPolicyManagerService class
+    static final String ACTION_SNOOZE_WARNING =
+            "com.android.server.net.action.SNOOZE_WARNING";
+
+    static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_CONTENT = "CONTENT";
+    static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_DELETE = "DELETE";
+    static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_FULL_SCREEN = "FULL_SCREEN";
+    static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_BUNDLE = "BUNDLE";
+    static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION = "ACTION";
+    static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION_BUNDLE = "ACTION_BUNDLE";
+    static final String NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION_REMOTE_INPUT = "ACTION_REMOTE_INPUT";
+
+    static final String TEST_PKG = "com.android.cts.net.hostside";
+    static final String KEY_NETWORK_STATE_OBSERVER = TEST_PKG + ".observer";
+    static final String KEY_SKIP_VALIDATION_CHECKS = TEST_PKG + ".skip_validation_checks";
+
+    static final int TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTY = 0;
+    static final int TYPE_COMPONENT_FOREGROUND_SERVICE = 1;
+    static final int TYPE_COMPONENT_EXPEDITED_JOB = 2;
+
+    static int getUid(Context context) {
+        final String packageName = context.getPackageName();
+        try {
+            return context.getPackageManager().getPackageUid(packageName, 0);
+        } catch (NameNotFoundException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Could not get UID for " + packageName, e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static boolean validateComponentState(Context context, int componentType,
+            INetworkStateObserver observer) throws RemoteException {
+        final ActivityManager activityManager = context.getSystemService(ActivityManager.class);
+        switch (componentType) {
+            case TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTY: {
+                final int procState = activityManager.getUidProcessState(Process.myUid());
+                if (procState != ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_TOP) {
+                    observer.onNetworkStateChecked(
+                            INetworkStateObserver.RESULT_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_PROC_STATE,
+                            "Unexpected procstate: " + procState);
+                    return false;
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+            case TYPE_COMPONENT_FOREGROUND_SERVICE: {
+                final int procState = activityManager.getUidProcessState(Process.myUid());
+                if (procState != ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_FOREGROUND_SERVICE) {
+                    observer.onNetworkStateChecked(
+                            INetworkStateObserver.RESULT_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_PROC_STATE,
+                            "Unexpected procstate: " + procState);
+                    return false;
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+            case TYPE_COMPONENT_EXPEDITED_JOB: {
+                final int capabilities = activityManager.getUidProcessCapabilities(Process.myUid());
+                if ((capabilities & ActivityManager.PROCESS_CAPABILITY_NETWORK) == 0) {
+                    observer.onNetworkStateChecked(
+                            INetworkStateObserver.RESULT_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_CAPABILITIES,
+                            "Unexpected capabilities: " + capabilities);
+                    return false;
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+            default: {
+                observer.onNetworkStateChecked(INetworkStateObserver.RESULT_ERROR_OTHER,
+                        "Unknown component type: " + componentType);
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void notifyNetworkStateObserver(Context context, Intent intent, int componentType) {
+        if (intent == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        final Bundle extras = intent.getExtras();
+        notifyNetworkStateObserver(context, extras, componentType);
+    }
+
+    static void notifyNetworkStateObserver(Context context, Bundle extras, int componentType) {
+        if (extras == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        final INetworkStateObserver observer = INetworkStateObserver.Stub.asInterface(
+                extras.getBinder(KEY_NETWORK_STATE_OBSERVER));
+        if (observer != null) {
+            try {
+                final boolean skipValidation = extras.getBoolean(KEY_SKIP_VALIDATION_CHECKS);
+                if (!skipValidation && !validateComponentState(context, componentType, observer)) {
+                    return;
+                }
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Error occurred while informing the validation result: " + e);
+            }
+            AsyncTask.execute(() -> {
+                try {
+                    observer.onNetworkStateChecked(
+                            INetworkStateObserver.RESULT_SUCCESS_NETWORK_STATE_CHECKED,
+                            MyBroadcastReceiver.checkNetworkStatus(context));
+                } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                    Log.e(TAG, "Error occurred while notifying the observer: " + e);
+                }
+            });
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyActivity.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyActivity.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb7dca7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyActivity.java
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2;
+
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.ACTION_FINISH_ACTIVITY;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.TAG;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTY;
+
+import android.app.Activity;
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.IntentFilter;
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.os.RemoteCallback;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+/**
+ * Activity used to bring process to foreground.
+ */
+public class MyActivity extends Activity {
+
+    private BroadcastReceiver finishCommandReceiver = null;
+
+    @Override
+    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
+        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
+        Log.d(TAG, "MyActivity.onCreate()");
+        Common.notifyNetworkStateObserver(this, getIntent(), TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTY);
+        finishCommandReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
+            @Override
+            public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+                Log.d(TAG, "Finishing MyActivity");
+                MyActivity.this.finish();
+            }
+        };
+        registerReceiver(finishCommandReceiver, new IntentFilter(ACTION_FINISH_ACTIVITY),
+                Context.RECEIVER_EXPORTED);
+        final RemoteCallback callback = getIntent().getParcelableExtra(
+                Intent.EXTRA_REMOTE_CALLBACK);
+        if (callback != null) {
+            callback.sendResult(null);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void finish() {
+        if (finishCommandReceiver != null) {
+            unregisterReceiver(finishCommandReceiver);
+        }
+        super.finish();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void onStart() {
+        super.onStart();
+        Log.d(TAG, "MyActivity.onStart()");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void onDestroy() {
+        Log.d(TAG, "MyActivity.onDestroy()");
+        super.onDestroy();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyBroadcastReceiver.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyBroadcastReceiver.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..771b404
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyBroadcastReceiver.java
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2;
+
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED;
+
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.ACTION_RECEIVER_READY;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.ACTION_SHOW_TOAST;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.ACTION_SNOOZE_WARNING;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.MANIFEST_RECEIVER;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION_BUNDLE;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION_REMOTE_INPUT;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.NOTIFICATION_TYPE_BUNDLE;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.NOTIFICATION_TYPE_CONTENT;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.NOTIFICATION_TYPE_DELETE;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.NOTIFICATION_TYPE_FULL_SCREEN;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.TAG;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.getUid;
+
+import android.app.Notification;
+import android.app.Notification.Action;
+import android.app.NotificationManager;
+import android.app.PendingIntent;
+import android.app.RemoteInput;
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.SharedPreferences;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.NetworkInfo;
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.widget.Toast;
+
+import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
+import java.net.URL;
+
+/**
+ * Receiver used to:
+ * <ol>
+ *   <li>Count number of {@code RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED} broadcasts received.
+ *   <li>Show a toast.
+ * </ol>
+ */
+public class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
+
+    private static final int NETWORK_TIMEOUT_MS = 5 * 1000;
+
+    private final String mName;
+
+    public MyBroadcastReceiver() {
+        this(MANIFEST_RECEIVER);
+    }
+
+    MyBroadcastReceiver(String name) {
+        Log.d(TAG, "Constructing MyBroadcastReceiver named " + name);
+        mName = name;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+        Log.d(TAG, "onReceive() for " + mName + ": " + intent);
+        final String action = intent.getAction();
+        switch (action) {
+            case ACTION_SNOOZE_WARNING:
+                increaseCounter(context, action);
+                break;
+            case ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED:
+                increaseCounter(context, action);
+                break;
+            case ACTION_RECEIVER_READY:
+                final String message = mName + " is ready to rumble";
+                Log.d(TAG, message);
+                setResultData(message);
+                break;
+            case ACTION_SHOW_TOAST:
+                showToast(context);
+                break;
+            default:
+                Log.e(TAG, "received unexpected action: " + action);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "[MyBroadcastReceiver: mName=" + mName + "]";
+    }
+
+    private void increaseCounter(Context context, String action) {
+        final SharedPreferences prefs = context.getApplicationContext()
+                .getSharedPreferences(mName, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
+        final int value = prefs.getInt(action, 0) + 1;
+        Log.d(TAG, "increaseCounter('" + action + "'): setting '" + mName + "' to " + value);
+        prefs.edit().putInt(action, value).apply();
+    }
+
+    static int getCounter(Context context, String action, String receiverName) {
+        final SharedPreferences prefs = context.getSharedPreferences(receiverName,
+                Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
+        final int value = prefs.getInt(action, 0);
+        Log.d(TAG, "getCounter('" + action + "', '" + receiverName + "'): " + value);
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    static String getRestrictBackgroundStatus(Context context) {
+        final ConnectivityManager cm = (ConnectivityManager) context
+                .getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
+        final int apiStatus = cm.getRestrictBackgroundStatus();
+        Log.d(TAG, "getRestrictBackgroundStatus: returning " + apiStatus);
+        return String.valueOf(apiStatus);
+    }
+
+    private static final String NETWORK_STATUS_TEMPLATE = "%s|%s|%s|%s|%s";
+    /**
+     * Checks whether the network is available and return a string which can then be send as a
+     * result data for the ordered broadcast.
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * The string has the following format:
+     *
+     * <p><pre><code>
+     * NetinfoState|NetinfoDetailedState|RealConnectionCheck|RealConnectionCheckDetails|Netinfo
+     * </code></pre>
+     *
+     * <p>Where:
+     *
+     * <ul>
+     * <li>{@code NetinfoState}: enum value of {@link NetworkInfo.State}.
+     * <li>{@code NetinfoDetailedState}: enum value of {@link NetworkInfo.DetailedState}.
+     * <li>{@code RealConnectionCheck}: boolean value of a real connection check (i.e., an attempt
+     *     to access an external website.
+     * <li>{@code RealConnectionCheckDetails}: if HTTP output core or exception string of the real
+     *     connection attempt
+     * <li>{@code Netinfo}: string representation of the {@link NetworkInfo}.
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * For example, if the connection was established fine, the result would be something like:
+     * <p><pre><code>
+     * CONNECTED|CONNECTED|true|200|[type: WIFI[], state: CONNECTED/CONNECTED, reason: ...]
+     * </code></pre>
+     *
+     */
+    // TODO: now that it uses Binder, it counl return a Bundle with the data parts instead...
+    static String checkNetworkStatus(Context context) {
+        final ConnectivityManager cm =
+                (ConnectivityManager) context.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
+        // TODO: connect to a hostside server instead
+        final String address = "http://example.com";
+        final NetworkInfo networkInfo = cm.getActiveNetworkInfo();
+        Log.d(TAG, "Running checkNetworkStatus() on thread "
+                + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " for UID " + getUid(context)
+                + "\n\tactiveNetworkInfo: " + networkInfo + "\n\tURL: " + address);
+        boolean checkStatus = false;
+        String checkDetails = "N/A";
+        try {
+            final URL url = new URL(address);
+            final HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
+            conn.setReadTimeout(NETWORK_TIMEOUT_MS);
+            conn.setConnectTimeout(NETWORK_TIMEOUT_MS / 2);
+            conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
+            conn.setDoInput(true);
+            conn.connect();
+            final int response = conn.getResponseCode();
+            checkStatus = true;
+            checkDetails = "HTTP response for " + address + ": " + response;
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            checkStatus = false;
+            checkDetails = "Exception getting " + address + ": " + e;
+        }
+        Log.d(TAG, checkDetails);
+        final String state, detailedState;
+        if (networkInfo != null) {
+            state = networkInfo.getState().name();
+            detailedState = networkInfo.getDetailedState().name();
+        } else {
+            state = detailedState = "null";
+        }
+        final String status = String.format(NETWORK_STATUS_TEMPLATE, state, detailedState,
+                Boolean.valueOf(checkStatus), checkDetails, networkInfo);
+        Log.d(TAG, "Offering " + status);
+        return status;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sends a system notification containing actions with pending intents to launch the app's
+     * main activitiy or service.
+     */
+    static void sendNotification(Context context, String channelId, int notificationId,
+            String notificationType ) {
+        Log.d(TAG, "sendNotification: id=" + notificationId + ", type=" + notificationType);
+        final Intent serviceIntent = new Intent(context, MyService.class);
+        final PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getService(context, 0, serviceIntent,
+                PendingIntent.FLAG_MUTABLE);
+        final Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
+        bundle.putCharSequence("parcelable", "I am not");
+
+        final Notification.Builder builder = new Notification.Builder(context, channelId)
+                .setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_notification);
+
+        Action action = null;
+        switch (notificationType) {
+            case NOTIFICATION_TYPE_CONTENT:
+                builder
+                    .setContentTitle("Light, Cameras...")
+                    .setContentIntent(pendingIntent);
+                break;
+            case NOTIFICATION_TYPE_DELETE:
+                builder.setDeleteIntent(pendingIntent);
+                break;
+            case NOTIFICATION_TYPE_FULL_SCREEN:
+                builder.setFullScreenIntent(pendingIntent, true);
+                break;
+            case NOTIFICATION_TYPE_BUNDLE:
+                bundle.putParcelable("Magnum P.I. (Pending Intent)", pendingIntent);
+                builder.setExtras(bundle);
+                break;
+            case NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION:
+                action = new Action.Builder(
+                        R.drawable.ic_notification, "ACTION", pendingIntent)
+                        .build();
+                builder.addAction(action);
+                break;
+            case NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION_BUNDLE:
+                bundle.putParcelable("Magnum A.P.I. (Action Pending Intent)", pendingIntent);
+                action = new Action.Builder(
+                        R.drawable.ic_notification, "ACTION WITH BUNDLE", null)
+                        .addExtras(bundle)
+                        .build();
+                builder.addAction(action);
+                break;
+            case NOTIFICATION_TYPE_ACTION_REMOTE_INPUT:
+                bundle.putParcelable("Magnum R.I. (Remote Input)", null);
+                final RemoteInput remoteInput = new RemoteInput.Builder("RI")
+                    .addExtras(bundle)
+                    .build();
+                action = new Action.Builder(
+                        R.drawable.ic_notification, "ACTION WITH REMOTE INPUT", pendingIntent)
+                        .addRemoteInput(remoteInput)
+                        .build();
+                builder.addAction(action);
+                break;
+            default:
+                Log.e(TAG, "Unknown notification type: " + notificationType);
+                return;
+        }
+
+        final Notification notification = builder.build();
+        ((NotificationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE))
+            .notify(notificationId, notification);
+    }
+
+    private void showToast(Context context) {
+        Toast.makeText(context, "Toast from CTS test", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
+        setResultData("Shown");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyForegroundService.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyForegroundService.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b55761c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyForegroundService.java
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2;
+
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.TAG;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.TEST_PKG;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.TYPE_COMPONENT_FOREGROUND_SERVICE;
+
+import android.R;
+import android.app.Notification;
+import android.app.NotificationChannel;
+import android.app.NotificationManager;
+import android.app.Service;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.os.AsyncTask;
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.cts.net.hostside.INetworkStateObserver;
+
+/**
+ * Service used to change app state to FOREGROUND_SERVICE.
+ */
+public class MyForegroundService extends Service {
+    private static final String NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_ID = "cts/MyForegroundService";
+    private static final int FLAG_START_FOREGROUND = 1;
+    private static final int FLAG_STOP_FOREGROUND = 2;
+
+    @Override
+    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
+        Log.v(TAG, "MyForegroundService.onStartCommand(): " + intent);
+        NotificationManager notificationManager = getSystemService(NotificationManager.class);
+        notificationManager.createNotificationChannel(new NotificationChannel(
+                NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_ID, NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_ID,
+                NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_DEFAULT));
+        switch (intent.getFlags()) {
+            case FLAG_START_FOREGROUND:
+                Log.d(TAG, "Starting foreground");
+                startForeground(42, new Notification.Builder(this, NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_ID)
+                        .setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_dialog_alert) // any icon is fine
+                        .build());
+                Common.notifyNetworkStateObserver(this, intent, TYPE_COMPONENT_FOREGROUND_SERVICE);
+                break;
+            case FLAG_STOP_FOREGROUND:
+                Log.d(TAG, "Stopping foreground");
+                stopForeground(true);
+                break;
+            default:
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "Invalid flag on intent " + intent);
+        }
+        return START_STICKY;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyJobService.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyJobService.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c112b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyJobService.java
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2;
+
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.ACTION_FINISH_JOB;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.TAG;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.TYPE_COMPONENT_EXPEDITED_JOB;
+
+import android.app.job.JobParameters;
+import android.app.job.JobService;
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.IntentFilter;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+public class MyJobService extends JobService {
+
+    private BroadcastReceiver mFinishCommandReceiver = null;
+
+    @Override
+    public void onCreate() {
+        super.onCreate();
+        Log.v(TAG, "MyJobService.onCreate()");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean onStartJob(JobParameters params) {
+        Log.v(TAG, "MyJobService.onStartJob()");
+        Common.notifyNetworkStateObserver(this, params.getTransientExtras(),
+                TYPE_COMPONENT_EXPEDITED_JOB);
+        mFinishCommandReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
+            @Override
+            public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+                Log.v(TAG, "Finishing MyJobService");
+                try {
+                    jobFinished(params, /*wantsReschedule=*/ false);
+                } finally {
+                    if (mFinishCommandReceiver != null) {
+                        unregisterReceiver(mFinishCommandReceiver);
+                        mFinishCommandReceiver = null;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        registerReceiver(mFinishCommandReceiver, new IntentFilter(ACTION_FINISH_JOB),
+                Context.RECEIVER_EXPORTED);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean onStopJob(JobParameters params) {
+        // If this job is stopped before it had a chance to send network status via
+        // INetworkStateObserver, the test will fail. It could happen either due to test timing out
+        // or this app moving to a lower proc_state and losing network access.
+        Log.v(TAG, "MyJobService.onStopJob()");
+        if (mFinishCommandReceiver != null) {
+            unregisterReceiver(mFinishCommandReceiver);
+            mFinishCommandReceiver = null;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onDestroy() {
+        super.onDestroy();
+        Log.v(TAG, "MyJobService.onDestroy()");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyService.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyService.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2a7b3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyService.java
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2;
+
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED;
+
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.ACTION_RECEIVER_READY;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.ACTION_SNOOZE_WARNING;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.DYNAMIC_RECEIVER;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.TAG;
+import static com.android.networkstack.apishim.ConstantsShim.RECEIVER_EXPORTED;
+
+import android.app.NotificationChannel;
+import android.app.NotificationManager;
+import android.app.Service;
+import android.app.job.JobInfo;
+import android.app.job.JobScheduler;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.IntentFilter;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.cts.net.hostside.IMyService;
+import com.android.cts.net.hostside.INetworkCallback;
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+
+/**
+ * Service used to dynamically register a broadcast receiver.
+ */
+public class MyService extends Service {
+    private static final String NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_ID = "MyService";
+
+    ConnectivityManager mCm;
+
+    private MyBroadcastReceiver mReceiver;
+    private ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback mNetworkCallback;
+
+    // TODO: move MyBroadcast static functions here - they were kept there to make git diff easier.
+
+    private IMyService.Stub mBinder =
+        new IMyService.Stub() {
+
+        @Override
+        public void registerBroadcastReceiver() {
+            if (mReceiver != null) {
+                Log.d(TAG, "receiver already registered: " + mReceiver);
+                return;
+            }
+            final Context context = getApplicationContext();
+            final int flags = SdkLevel.isAtLeastT() ? RECEIVER_EXPORTED : 0;
+            mReceiver = new MyBroadcastReceiver(DYNAMIC_RECEIVER);
+            context.registerReceiver(mReceiver,
+                    new IntentFilter(ACTION_RECEIVER_READY), flags);
+            context.registerReceiver(mReceiver,
+                    new IntentFilter(ACTION_RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_CHANGED), flags);
+            context.registerReceiver(mReceiver,
+                    new IntentFilter(ACTION_SNOOZE_WARNING), flags);
+            Log.d(TAG, "receiver registered");
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int getCounters(String receiverName, String action) {
+            return MyBroadcastReceiver.getCounter(getApplicationContext(), action, receiverName);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String checkNetworkStatus() {
+            return MyBroadcastReceiver.checkNetworkStatus(getApplicationContext());
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String getRestrictBackgroundStatus() {
+            return MyBroadcastReceiver.getRestrictBackgroundStatus(getApplicationContext());
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void sendNotification(int notificationId, String notificationType) {
+            MyBroadcastReceiver .sendNotification(getApplicationContext(), NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_ID,
+                    notificationId, notificationType);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void registerNetworkCallback(final NetworkRequest request, INetworkCallback cb) {
+            if (mNetworkCallback != null) {
+                Log.d(TAG, "unregister previous network callback: " + mNetworkCallback);
+                unregisterNetworkCallback();
+            }
+            Log.d(TAG, "registering network callback for " + request);
+
+            mNetworkCallback = new ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback() {
+                @Override
+                public void onBlockedStatusChanged(Network network, boolean blocked) {
+                    try {
+                        cb.onBlockedStatusChanged(network, blocked);
+                    } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                        Log.d(TAG, "Cannot send onBlockedStatusChanged: " + e);
+                        unregisterNetworkCallback();
+                    }
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public void onAvailable(Network network) {
+                    try {
+                        cb.onAvailable(network);
+                    } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                        Log.d(TAG, "Cannot send onAvailable: " + e);
+                        unregisterNetworkCallback();
+                    }
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public void onLost(Network network) {
+                    try {
+                        cb.onLost(network);
+                    } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                        Log.d(TAG, "Cannot send onLost: " + e);
+                        unregisterNetworkCallback();
+                    }
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public void onCapabilitiesChanged(Network network, NetworkCapabilities cap) {
+                    try {
+                        cb.onCapabilitiesChanged(network, cap);
+                    } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                        Log.d(TAG, "Cannot send onCapabilitiesChanged: " + e);
+                        unregisterNetworkCallback();
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+            mCm.registerNetworkCallback(request, mNetworkCallback);
+            try {
+                cb.asBinder().linkToDeath(() -> unregisterNetworkCallback(), 0);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                unregisterNetworkCallback();
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void unregisterNetworkCallback() {
+            Log.d(TAG, "unregistering network callback");
+            if (mNetworkCallback != null) {
+                mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(mNetworkCallback);
+                mNetworkCallback = null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void scheduleJob(JobInfo jobInfo) {
+            final JobScheduler jobScheduler = getApplicationContext()
+                    .getSystemService(JobScheduler.class);
+            jobScheduler.schedule(jobInfo);
+        }
+      };
+
+    @Override
+    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
+        return mBinder;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onCreate() {
+        final Context context = getApplicationContext();
+        ((NotificationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE))
+                .createNotificationChannel(new NotificationChannel(NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_ID,
+                        NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_ID, NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_DEFAULT));
+        mCm = (ConnectivityManager) getApplicationContext()
+                .getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onDestroy() {
+        final Context context = getApplicationContext();
+        ((NotificationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE))
+                .deleteNotificationChannel(NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_ID);
+        if (mReceiver != null) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "onDestroy(): unregistering " + mReceiver);
+            getApplicationContext().unregisterReceiver(mReceiver);
+        }
+
+        super.onDestroy();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/RemoteSocketFactoryService.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/RemoteSocketFactoryService.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1b7d77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/RemoteSocketFactoryService.java
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2;
+
+import android.app.Service;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.os.Process;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.cts.net.hostside.IRemoteSocketFactory;
+
+import java.net.Socket;
+
+
+public class RemoteSocketFactoryService extends Service {
+
+    private static final String TAG = RemoteSocketFactoryService.class.getSimpleName();
+
+    private IRemoteSocketFactory.Stub mBinder = new IRemoteSocketFactory.Stub() {
+        @Override
+        public ParcelFileDescriptor openSocketFd(String host, int port, int timeoutMs) {
+            try {
+                Socket s = new Socket(host, port);
+                s.setSoTimeout(timeoutMs);
+                return ParcelFileDescriptor.fromSocket(s);
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String getPackageName() {
+            return RemoteSocketFactoryService.this.getPackageName();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int getUid() {
+            return Process.myUid();
+        }
+    };
+
+    @Override
+    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
+        return mBinder;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/certs/Android.bp b/tests/cts/hostside/certs/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..60b5476
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/certs/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+android_app_certificate {
+    name: "cts-net-app",
+    certificate: "cts-net-app",
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/certs/README b/tests/cts/hostside/certs/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b660a82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/certs/README
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# Generated with:
+development/tools/make_key cts-net-app '/CN=cts-net-app'
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/certs/cts-net-app.pk8 b/tests/cts/hostside/certs/cts-net-app.pk8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1703e4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/certs/cts-net-app.pk8
Binary files differ
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/certs/cts-net-app.x509.pem b/tests/cts/hostside/certs/cts-net-app.x509.pem
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a15ff48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/certs/cts-net-app.x509.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideNetworkCallbackTests.java b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideNetworkCallbackTests.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1312085
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideNetworkCallbackTests.java
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.android.cts.net;
+public class HostsideNetworkCallbackTests extends HostsideNetworkTestCase {
+
+    @Override
+    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+        uninstallPackage(TEST_APP2_PKG, false);
+        installPackage(TEST_APP2_APK);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        super.tearDown();
+        uninstallPackage(TEST_APP2_PKG, true);
+    }
+
+    public void testOnBlockedStatusChanged_dataSaver() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG,
+                TEST_PKG + ".NetworkCallbackTest", "testOnBlockedStatusChanged_dataSaver");
+    }
+
+    public void testOnBlockedStatusChanged_powerSaver() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG,
+                TEST_PKG + ".NetworkCallbackTest", "testOnBlockedStatusChanged_powerSaver");
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideNetworkPolicyManagerTests.java b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideNetworkPolicyManagerTests.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fdb8876
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideNetworkPolicyManagerTests.java
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net;
+
+public class HostsideNetworkPolicyManagerTests extends HostsideNetworkTestCase {
+    @Override
+    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+        uninstallPackage(TEST_APP2_PKG, false);
+        installPackage(TEST_APP2_APK);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        super.tearDown();
+        uninstallPackage(TEST_APP2_PKG, true);
+    }
+
+    public void testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_withUidNotBlocked() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG,
+                TEST_PKG + ".NetworkPolicyManagerTest",
+                "testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_withUidNotBlocked");
+    }
+
+    public void testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_withSystemUid() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG,
+                TEST_PKG + ".NetworkPolicyManagerTest", "testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_withSystemUid");
+    }
+
+    public void testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_withDataSaverMode() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG,
+                TEST_PKG + ".NetworkPolicyManagerTest",
+                "testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_withDataSaverMode");
+    }
+
+    public void testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_withRestrictedNetworkingMode() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG,
+                TEST_PKG + ".NetworkPolicyManagerTest",
+                "testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_withRestrictedNetworkingMode");
+    }
+
+    public void testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_withPowerSaverMode() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG,
+                TEST_PKG + ".NetworkPolicyManagerTest",
+                "testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_withPowerSaverMode");
+    }
+
+    public void testIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG,
+                TEST_PKG + ".NetworkPolicyManagerTest", "testIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideNetworkTestCase.java b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideNetworkTestCase.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc07fd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideNetworkTestCase.java
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net;
+
+import com.android.compatibility.common.tradefed.build.CompatibilityBuildHelper;
+import com.android.ddmlib.Log;
+import com.android.ddmlib.testrunner.RemoteAndroidTestRunner;
+import com.android.ddmlib.testrunner.TestResult.TestStatus;
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.testing.DeviceSdkLevel;
+import com.android.tradefed.build.IBuildInfo;
+import com.android.tradefed.device.DeviceNotAvailableException;
+import com.android.tradefed.result.CollectingTestListener;
+import com.android.tradefed.result.TestDescription;
+import com.android.tradefed.result.TestResult;
+import com.android.tradefed.result.TestRunResult;
+import com.android.tradefed.testtype.DeviceTestCase;
+import com.android.tradefed.testtype.IAbi;
+import com.android.tradefed.testtype.IAbiReceiver;
+import com.android.tradefed.testtype.IBuildReceiver;
+
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+abstract class HostsideNetworkTestCase extends DeviceTestCase implements IAbiReceiver,
+        IBuildReceiver {
+    protected static final boolean DEBUG = false;
+    protected static final String TAG = "HostsideNetworkTests";
+    protected static final String TEST_PKG = "com.android.cts.net.hostside";
+    protected static final String TEST_APK = "CtsHostsideNetworkTestsApp.apk";
+    protected static final String TEST_APK_NEXT = "CtsHostsideNetworkTestsAppNext.apk";
+    protected static final String TEST_APP2_PKG = "com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2";
+    protected static final String TEST_APP2_APK = "CtsHostsideNetworkTestsApp2.apk";
+
+    private IAbi mAbi;
+    private IBuildInfo mCtsBuild;
+
+    @Override
+    public void setAbi(IAbi abi) {
+        mAbi = abi;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setBuild(IBuildInfo buildInfo) {
+        mCtsBuild = buildInfo;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+
+        assertNotNull(mAbi);
+        assertNotNull(mCtsBuild);
+
+        DeviceSdkLevel deviceSdkLevel = new DeviceSdkLevel(getDevice());
+        String testApk = deviceSdkLevel.isDeviceAtLeastT() ? TEST_APK_NEXT
+                : TEST_APK;
+
+        uninstallPackage(TEST_PKG, false);
+        installPackage(testApk);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        super.tearDown();
+
+        uninstallPackage(TEST_PKG, true);
+    }
+
+    protected void installPackage(String apk) throws FileNotFoundException,
+            DeviceNotAvailableException {
+        CompatibilityBuildHelper buildHelper = new CompatibilityBuildHelper(mCtsBuild);
+        assertNull(getDevice().installPackage(buildHelper.getTestFile(apk),
+                false /* reinstall */, true /* grantPermissions */, "-t"));
+    }
+
+    protected void uninstallPackage(String packageName, boolean shouldSucceed)
+            throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
+        final String result = getDevice().uninstallPackage(packageName);
+        if (shouldSucceed) {
+            assertNull("uninstallPackage(" + packageName + ") failed: " + result, result);
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void assertPackageUninstalled(String packageName) throws DeviceNotAvailableException,
+            InterruptedException {
+        final String command = "cmd package list packages " + packageName;
+        final int max_tries = 5;
+        for (int i = 1; i <= max_tries; i++) {
+            final String result = runCommand(command);
+            if (result.trim().isEmpty()) {
+                return;
+            }
+            // 'list packages' filters by substring, so we need to iterate with the results
+            // and check one by one, otherwise 'com.android.cts.net.hostside' could return
+            // 'com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2'
+            boolean found = false;
+            for (String line : result.split("[\\r\\n]+")) {
+                if (line.endsWith(packageName)) {
+                    found = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (!found) {
+                return;
+            }
+            i++;
+            Log.v(TAG, "Package " + packageName + " not uninstalled yet (" + result
+                    + "); sleeping 1s before polling again");
+            Thread.sleep(1000);
+        }
+        fail("Package '" + packageName + "' not uinstalled after " + max_tries + " seconds");
+    }
+
+    protected void runDeviceTests(String packageName, String testClassName)
+            throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
+        runDeviceTests(packageName, testClassName, null);
+    }
+
+    protected void runDeviceTests(String packageName, String testClassName, String methodName)
+            throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
+        RemoteAndroidTestRunner testRunner = new RemoteAndroidTestRunner(packageName,
+                "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner", getDevice().getIDevice());
+
+        if (testClassName != null) {
+            if (methodName != null) {
+                testRunner.setMethodName(testClassName, methodName);
+            } else {
+                testRunner.setClassName(testClassName);
+            }
+        }
+
+        final CollectingTestListener listener = new CollectingTestListener();
+        getDevice().runInstrumentationTests(testRunner, listener);
+
+        final TestRunResult result = listener.getCurrentRunResults();
+        if (result.isRunFailure()) {
+            throw new AssertionError("Failed to successfully run device tests for "
+                    + result.getName() + ": " + result.getRunFailureMessage());
+        }
+
+        if (result.hasFailedTests()) {
+            // build a meaningful error message
+            StringBuilder errorBuilder = new StringBuilder("on-device tests failed:\n");
+            for (Map.Entry<TestDescription, TestResult> resultEntry :
+                    result.getTestResults().entrySet()) {
+                final TestStatus testStatus = resultEntry.getValue().getStatus();
+                if (!TestStatus.PASSED.equals(testStatus)
+                        && !TestStatus.ASSUMPTION_FAILURE.equals(testStatus)) {
+                    errorBuilder.append(resultEntry.getKey().toString());
+                    errorBuilder.append(":\n");
+                    errorBuilder.append(resultEntry.getValue().getStackTrace());
+                }
+            }
+            throw new AssertionError(errorBuilder.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static final Pattern UID_PATTERN =
+            Pattern.compile(".*userId=([0-9]+)$", Pattern.MULTILINE);
+
+    protected int getUid(String packageName) throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
+        final String output = runCommand("dumpsys package " + packageName);
+        final Matcher matcher = UID_PATTERN.matcher(output);
+        while (matcher.find()) {
+            final String match = matcher.group(1);
+            return Integer.parseInt(match);
+        }
+        throw new RuntimeException("Did not find regexp '" + UID_PATTERN + "' on adb output\n"
+                + output);
+    }
+
+    protected String runCommand(String command) throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
+        Log.d(TAG, "Command: '" + command + "'");
+        final String output = getDevice().executeShellCommand(command);
+        if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Output: " + output.trim());
+        return output;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideRestrictBackgroundNetworkTests.java b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideRestrictBackgroundNetworkTests.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f633df4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideRestrictBackgroundNetworkTests.java
@@ -0,0 +1,413 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net;
+
+import android.platform.test.annotations.FlakyTest;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.SecurityTest;
+
+import com.android.ddmlib.Log;
+import com.android.tradefed.device.DeviceNotAvailableException;
+
+public class HostsideRestrictBackgroundNetworkTests extends HostsideNetworkTestCase {
+
+    @Override
+    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+
+        uninstallPackage(TEST_APP2_PKG, false);
+        installPackage(TEST_APP2_APK);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        super.tearDown();
+
+        uninstallPackage(TEST_APP2_PKG, true);
+    }
+
+    @SecurityTest
+    public void testDataWarningReceiver() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DataWarningReceiverTest",
+                "testSnoozeWarningNotReceived");
+    }
+
+    /**************************
+     * Data Saver Mode tests. *
+     **************************/
+
+    public void testDataSaverMode_disabled() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DataSaverModeTest",
+                "testGetRestrictBackgroundStatus_disabled");
+    }
+
+    public void testDataSaverMode_whitelisted() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DataSaverModeTest",
+                "testGetRestrictBackgroundStatus_whitelisted");
+    }
+
+    public void testDataSaverMode_enabled() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DataSaverModeTest",
+                "testGetRestrictBackgroundStatus_enabled");
+    }
+
+    public void testDataSaverMode_blacklisted() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DataSaverModeTest",
+                "testGetRestrictBackgroundStatus_blacklisted");
+    }
+
+    public void testDataSaverMode_reinstall() throws Exception {
+        final int oldUid = getUid(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+
+        // Make sure whitelist is revoked when package is removed
+        addRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(oldUid);
+
+        uninstallPackage(TEST_APP2_PKG, true);
+        assertPackageUninstalled(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+        assertRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(oldUid, false);
+
+        installPackage(TEST_APP2_APK);
+        final int newUid = getUid(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+        assertRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(oldUid, false);
+        assertRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(newUid, false);
+    }
+
+    public void testDataSaverMode_requiredWhitelistedPackages() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DataSaverModeTest",
+                "testGetRestrictBackgroundStatus_requiredWhitelistedPackages");
+    }
+
+    public void testDataSaverMode_broadcastNotSentOnUnsupportedDevices() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DataSaverModeTest",
+                "testBroadcastNotSentOnUnsupportedDevices");
+    }
+
+    /*****************************
+     * Battery Saver Mode tests. *
+     *****************************/
+
+    public void testBatterySaverModeMetered_disabled() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".BatterySaverModeMeteredTest",
+                "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_disabled");
+    }
+
+    public void testBatterySaverModeMetered_whitelisted() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".BatterySaverModeMeteredTest",
+                "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_whitelisted");
+    }
+
+    public void testBatterySaverModeMetered_enabled() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".BatterySaverModeMeteredTest",
+                "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_enabled");
+    }
+
+    public void testBatterySaverMode_reinstall() throws Exception {
+        if (!isDozeModeEnabled()) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "testBatterySaverMode_reinstall() skipped because device does not support "
+                    + "Doze Mode");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        addPowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+
+        uninstallPackage(TEST_APP2_PKG, true);
+        assertPackageUninstalled(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+        assertPowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG, false);
+
+        installPackage(TEST_APP2_APK);
+        assertPowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG, false);
+    }
+
+    public void testBatterySaverModeNonMetered_disabled() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".BatterySaverModeNonMeteredTest",
+                "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_disabled");
+    }
+
+    public void testBatterySaverModeNonMetered_whitelisted() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".BatterySaverModeNonMeteredTest",
+                "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_whitelisted");
+    }
+
+    public void testBatterySaverModeNonMetered_enabled() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".BatterySaverModeNonMeteredTest",
+                "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_enabled");
+    }
+
+    /*******************
+     * App idle tests. *
+     *******************/
+
+    public void testAppIdleMetered_disabled() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleMeteredTest",
+                "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_disabled");
+    }
+
+    @FlakyTest(bugId=170180675)
+    public void testAppIdleMetered_whitelisted() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleMeteredTest",
+                "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_whitelisted");
+    }
+
+    public void testAppIdleMetered_tempWhitelisted() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleMeteredTest",
+                "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_tempWhitelisted");
+    }
+
+    public void testAppIdleMetered_enabled() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleMeteredTest",
+                "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_enabled");
+    }
+
+    public void testAppIdleMetered_idleWhitelisted() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleMeteredTest",
+                "testAppIdleNetworkAccess_idleWhitelisted");
+    }
+
+    // TODO: currently power-save mode and idle uses the same whitelist, so this test would be
+    // redundant (as it would be testing the same as testBatterySaverMode_reinstall())
+    //    public void testAppIdle_reinstall() throws Exception {
+    //    }
+
+    public void testAppIdleNonMetered_disabled() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleNonMeteredTest",
+                "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_disabled");
+    }
+
+    @FlakyTest(bugId=170180675)
+    public void testAppIdleNonMetered_whitelisted() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleNonMeteredTest",
+                "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_whitelisted");
+    }
+
+    public void testAppIdleNonMetered_tempWhitelisted() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleNonMeteredTest",
+                "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_tempWhitelisted");
+    }
+
+    public void testAppIdleNonMetered_enabled() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleNonMeteredTest",
+                "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_enabled");
+    }
+
+    public void testAppIdleNonMetered_idleWhitelisted() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleNonMeteredTest",
+                "testAppIdleNetworkAccess_idleWhitelisted");
+    }
+
+    public void testAppIdleNonMetered_whenCharging() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleNonMeteredTest",
+                "testAppIdleNetworkAccess_whenCharging");
+    }
+
+    public void testAppIdleMetered_whenCharging() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleMeteredTest",
+                "testAppIdleNetworkAccess_whenCharging");
+    }
+
+    public void testAppIdle_toast() throws Exception {
+        // Check that showing a toast doesn't bring an app out of standby
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".AppIdleNonMeteredTest",
+                "testAppIdle_toast");
+    }
+
+    /********************
+     * Doze Mode tests. *
+     ********************/
+
+    public void testDozeModeMetered_disabled() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DozeModeMeteredTest",
+                "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_disabled");
+    }
+
+    public void testDozeModeMetered_whitelisted() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DozeModeMeteredTest",
+                "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_whitelisted");
+    }
+
+    public void testDozeModeMetered_enabled() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DozeModeMeteredTest",
+                "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_enabled");
+    }
+
+    public void testDozeModeMetered_enabledButWhitelistedOnNotificationAction() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DozeModeMeteredTest",
+                "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_enabledButWhitelistedOnNotificationAction");
+    }
+
+    // TODO: currently power-save mode and idle uses the same whitelist, so this test would be
+    // redundant (as it would be testing the same as testBatterySaverMode_reinstall())
+    //    public void testDozeMode_reinstall() throws Exception {
+    //    }
+
+    public void testDozeModeNonMetered_disabled() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DozeModeNonMeteredTest",
+                "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_disabled");
+    }
+
+    public void testDozeModeNonMetered_whitelisted() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DozeModeNonMeteredTest",
+                "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_whitelisted");
+    }
+
+    public void testDozeModeNonMetered_enabled() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DozeModeNonMeteredTest",
+                "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_enabled");
+    }
+
+    public void testDozeModeNonMetered_enabledButWhitelistedOnNotificationAction()
+            throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".DozeModeNonMeteredTest",
+                "testBackgroundNetworkAccess_enabledButWhitelistedOnNotificationAction");
+    }
+
+    /**********************
+     * Mixed modes tests. *
+     **********************/
+
+    public void testDataAndBatterySaverModes_meteredNetwork() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
+                "testDataAndBatterySaverModes_meteredNetwork");
+    }
+
+    public void testDataAndBatterySaverModes_nonMeteredNetwork() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
+                "testDataAndBatterySaverModes_nonMeteredNetwork");
+    }
+
+    public void testDozeAndBatterySaverMode_powerSaveWhitelists() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
+                "testDozeAndBatterySaverMode_powerSaveWhitelists");
+    }
+
+    public void testDozeAndAppIdle_powerSaveWhitelists() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
+                "testDozeAndAppIdle_powerSaveWhitelists");
+    }
+
+    public void testAppIdleAndDoze_tempPowerSaveWhitelists() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
+                "testAppIdleAndDoze_tempPowerSaveWhitelists");
+    }
+
+    public void testAppIdleAndBatterySaver_tempPowerSaveWhitelists() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
+                "testAppIdleAndBatterySaver_tempPowerSaveWhitelists");
+    }
+
+    public void testDozeAndAppIdle_appIdleWhitelist() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
+                "testDozeAndAppIdle_appIdleWhitelist");
+    }
+
+    public void testAppIdleAndDoze_tempPowerSaveAndAppIdleWhitelists() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
+                "testAppIdleAndDoze_tempPowerSaveAndAppIdleWhitelists");
+    }
+
+    public void testAppIdleAndBatterySaver_tempPowerSaveAndAppIdleWhitelists() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".MixedModesTest",
+                "testAppIdleAndBatterySaver_tempPowerSaveAndAppIdleWhitelists");
+    }
+
+    /**************************
+     * Restricted mode tests. *
+     **************************/
+    public void testNetworkAccess_restrictedMode() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".RestrictedModeTest",
+                "testNetworkAccess");
+    }
+
+    public void testNetworkAccess_restrictedMode_withBatterySaver() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".RestrictedModeTest",
+                "testNetworkAccess_withBatterySaver");
+    }
+
+    /************************
+     * Expedited job tests. *
+     ************************/
+
+    public void testMeteredNetworkAccess_expeditedJob() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".ExpeditedJobMeteredTest");
+    }
+
+    public void testNonMeteredNetworkAccess_expeditedJob() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".ExpeditedJobNonMeteredTest");
+    }
+
+    /*******************
+     * Helper methods. *
+     *******************/
+
+    private void assertRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(int uid, boolean expected) throws Exception {
+        final int max_tries = 5;
+        boolean actual = false;
+        for (int i = 1; i <= max_tries; i++) {
+            final String output = runCommand("cmd netpolicy list restrict-background-whitelist ");
+            actual = output.contains(Integer.toString(uid));
+            if (expected == actual) {
+                return;
+            }
+            Log.v(TAG, "whitelist check for uid " + uid + " doesn't match yet (expected "
+                    + expected + ", got " + actual + "); sleeping 1s before polling again");
+            Thread.sleep(1000);
+        }
+        fail("whitelist check for uid " + uid + " failed: expected "
+                + expected + ", got " + actual);
+    }
+
+    private void assertPowerSaveModeWhitelist(String packageName, boolean expected)
+            throws Exception {
+        // TODO: currently the power-save mode is behaving like idle, but once it changes, we'll
+        // need to use netpolicy for whitelisting
+        assertDelayedCommand("dumpsys deviceidle whitelist =" + packageName,
+                Boolean.toString(expected));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Asserts the result of a command, wait and re-running it a couple times if necessary.
+     */
+    private void assertDelayedCommand(String command, String expectedResult)
+            throws InterruptedException, DeviceNotAvailableException {
+        final int maxTries = 5;
+        for (int i = 1; i <= maxTries; i++) {
+            final String result = runCommand(command).trim();
+            if (result.equals(expectedResult)) return;
+            Log.v(TAG, "Command '" + command + "' returned '" + result + " instead of '"
+                    + expectedResult + "' on attempt #; sleeping 1s before polling again");
+            Thread.sleep(1000);
+        }
+        fail("Command '" + command + "' did not return '" + expectedResult + "' after " + maxTries
+                + " attempts");
+    }
+
+    protected void addRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(int uid) throws Exception {
+        runCommand("cmd netpolicy add restrict-background-whitelist " + uid);
+        assertRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(uid, true);
+    }
+
+    private void addPowerSaveModeWhitelist(String packageName) throws Exception {
+        Log.i(TAG, "Adding package " + packageName + " to power-save-mode whitelist");
+        // TODO: currently the power-save mode is behaving like idle, but once it changes, we'll
+        // need to use netpolicy for whitelisting
+        runCommand("dumpsys deviceidle whitelist +" + packageName);
+        assertPowerSaveModeWhitelist(packageName, true);
+    }
+
+    protected boolean isDozeModeEnabled() throws Exception {
+        final String result = runCommand("cmd deviceidle enabled deep").trim();
+        return result.equals("1");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideVpnTests.java b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideVpnTests.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3821f87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideVpnTests.java
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net;
+
+public class HostsideVpnTests extends HostsideNetworkTestCase {
+
+    @Override
+    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+
+        uninstallPackage(TEST_APP2_PKG, false);
+        installPackage(TEST_APP2_APK);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        super.tearDown();
+
+        uninstallPackage(TEST_APP2_PKG, true);
+    }
+
+    public void testChangeUnderlyingNetworks() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest", "testChangeUnderlyingNetworks");
+    }
+
+    public void testDefault() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest", "testDefault");
+    }
+
+    public void testAppAllowed() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest", "testAppAllowed");
+    }
+
+    public void testAppDisallowed() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest", "testAppDisallowed");
+    }
+
+    public void testGetConnectionOwnerUidSecurity() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest", "testGetConnectionOwnerUidSecurity");
+    }
+
+    public void testSetProxy() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest", "testSetProxy");
+    }
+
+    public void testSetProxyDisallowedApps() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest", "testSetProxyDisallowedApps");
+    }
+
+    public void testNoProxy() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest", "testNoProxy");
+    }
+
+    public void testBindToNetworkWithProxy() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest", "testBindToNetworkWithProxy");
+    }
+
+    public void testVpnMeterednessWithNoUnderlyingNetwork() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(
+                TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest", "testVpnMeterednessWithNoUnderlyingNetwork");
+    }
+
+    public void testVpnMeterednessWithNullUnderlyingNetwork() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(
+                TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest", "testVpnMeterednessWithNullUnderlyingNetwork");
+    }
+
+    public void testVpnMeterednessWithNonNullUnderlyingNetwork() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(
+                TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest", "testVpnMeterednessWithNonNullUnderlyingNetwork");
+    }
+
+    public void testAlwaysMeteredVpnWithNullUnderlyingNetwork() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(
+                TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest", "testAlwaysMeteredVpnWithNullUnderlyingNetwork");
+    }
+
+    public void testAlwaysMeteredVpnWithNonNullUnderlyingNetwork() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(
+                TEST_PKG,
+                TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest",
+                "testAlwaysMeteredVpnWithNonNullUnderlyingNetwork");
+    }
+
+    public void testB141603906() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest", "testB141603906");
+    }
+
+    public void testDownloadWithDownloadManagerDisallowed() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest",
+                "testDownloadWithDownloadManagerDisallowed");
+    }
+
+    public void testExcludedRoutes() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest", "testExcludedRoutes");
+    }
+
+    public void testIncludedRoutes() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest", "testIncludedRoutes");
+    }
+
+    public void testInterleavedRoutes() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest", "testInterleavedRoutes");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/NetworkPolicyTestsPreparer.java b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/NetworkPolicyTestsPreparer.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..23aca24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/NetworkPolicyTestsPreparer.java
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.android.cts.net;
+
+import com.android.tradefed.device.DeviceNotAvailableException;
+import com.android.tradefed.device.ITestDevice;
+import com.android.tradefed.invoker.TestInformation;
+import com.android.tradefed.log.LogUtil;
+import com.android.tradefed.targetprep.ITargetPreparer;
+
+public class NetworkPolicyTestsPreparer implements ITargetPreparer {
+    private ITestDevice mDevice;
+    private boolean mOriginalAirplaneModeEnabled;
+    private String mOriginalAppStandbyEnabled;
+    private String mOriginalBatteryStatsConstants;
+    private final static String KEY_STABLE_CHARGING_DELAY_MS = "battery_charged_delay_ms";
+    private final static int DESIRED_STABLE_CHARGING_DELAY_MS = 0;
+
+    @Override
+    public void setUp(TestInformation testInformation) throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
+        mDevice = testInformation.getDevice();
+        mOriginalAppStandbyEnabled = getAppStandbyEnabled();
+        setAppStandbyEnabled("1");
+        LogUtil.CLog.d("Original app_standby_enabled: " + mOriginalAppStandbyEnabled);
+
+        mOriginalBatteryStatsConstants = getBatteryStatsConstants();
+        setBatteryStatsConstants(
+                KEY_STABLE_CHARGING_DELAY_MS + "=" + DESIRED_STABLE_CHARGING_DELAY_MS);
+        LogUtil.CLog.d("Original battery_saver_constants: " + mOriginalBatteryStatsConstants);
+
+        mOriginalAirplaneModeEnabled = getAirplaneModeEnabled();
+        // Turn off airplane mode in case another test left the device in that state.
+        setAirplaneModeEnabled(false);
+        LogUtil.CLog.d("Original airplane mode state: " + mOriginalAirplaneModeEnabled);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void tearDown(TestInformation testInformation, Throwable e)
+            throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
+        setAirplaneModeEnabled(mOriginalAirplaneModeEnabled);
+        setAppStandbyEnabled(mOriginalAppStandbyEnabled);
+        setBatteryStatsConstants(mOriginalBatteryStatsConstants);
+    }
+
+    private void setAirplaneModeEnabled(boolean enable) throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
+        executeCmd("cmd connectivity airplane-mode " + (enable ? "enable" : "disable"));
+    }
+
+    private boolean getAirplaneModeEnabled() throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
+        return "enabled".equals(executeCmd("cmd connectivity airplane-mode").trim());
+    }
+
+    private void setAppStandbyEnabled(String appStandbyEnabled) throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
+        if ("null".equals(appStandbyEnabled)) {
+            executeCmd("settings delete global app_standby_enabled");
+        } else {
+            executeCmd("settings put global app_standby_enabled " + appStandbyEnabled);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private String getAppStandbyEnabled() throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
+        return executeCmd("settings get global app_standby_enabled").trim();
+    }
+
+    private void setBatteryStatsConstants(String batteryStatsConstants)
+            throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
+        executeCmd("settings put global battery_stats_constants \"" + batteryStatsConstants + "\"");
+    }
+
+    private String getBatteryStatsConstants() throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
+        return executeCmd("settings get global battery_stats_constants");
+    }
+
+    private String executeCmd(String cmd) throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
+        final String output = mDevice.executeShellCommand(cmd).trim();
+        LogUtil.CLog.d("Output for '%s': %s", cmd, output);
+        return output;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/ProcNetTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/ProcNetTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..19e61c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/ProcNetTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.security.cts;
+
+import com.android.tradefed.build.IBuildInfo;
+import com.android.tradefed.device.ITestDevice;
+import com.android.tradefed.testtype.DeviceTestCase;
+import com.android.tradefed.testtype.IBuildReceiver;
+import com.android.tradefed.testtype.IDeviceTest;
+
+import java.lang.Integer;
+import java.lang.String;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+
+/**
+ * Host-side tests for values in /proc/net.
+ *
+ * These tests analyze /proc/net to verify that certain networking properties are correct.
+ */
+public class ProcNetTest extends DeviceTestCase implements IBuildReceiver, IDeviceTest {
+    private static final String SPI_TIMEOUT_SYSCTL = "/proc/sys/net/core/xfrm_acq_expires";
+    private static final int MIN_ACQ_EXPIRES = 3600;
+    // Global sysctls. Must be present and set to 1.
+    private static final String[] GLOBAL_SYSCTLS = {
+        "/proc/sys/net/ipv4/fwmark_reflect",
+        "/proc/sys/net/ipv6/fwmark_reflect",
+        "/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_fwmark_accept",
+    };
+
+    // Per-interface IPv6 autoconf sysctls.
+    private static final String IPV6_SYSCTL_DIR = "/proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf";
+    private static final String AUTOCONF_SYSCTL = "accept_ra_rt_table";
+
+    // Expected values for MIN|MAX_PLEN.
+    private static final String ACCEPT_RA_RT_INFO_MIN_PLEN_STRING = "accept_ra_rt_info_min_plen";
+    private static final int ACCEPT_RA_RT_INFO_MIN_PLEN_VALUE = 48;
+    private static final String ACCEPT_RA_RT_INFO_MAX_PLEN_STRING = "accept_ra_rt_info_max_plen";
+    private static final int ACCEPT_RA_RT_INFO_MAX_PLEN_VALUE = 64;
+    // Expected values for RFC 7559 router soliciations.
+    // Maximum number of router solicitations to send. -1 means no limit.
+    private static final int IPV6_WIFI_ROUTER_SOLICITATIONS = -1;
+    private ITestDevice mDevice;
+    private IBuildInfo mBuild;
+    private String[] mSysctlDirs;
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void setBuild(IBuildInfo build) {
+        mBuild = build;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void setDevice(ITestDevice device) {
+        super.setDevice(device);
+        mDevice = device;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+        mSysctlDirs = getSysctlDirs();
+    }
+
+    private String[] getSysctlDirs() throws Exception {
+        String interfaceDirs[] = mDevice.executeAdbCommand("shell", "ls", "-1",
+                IPV6_SYSCTL_DIR).split("\n");
+        List<String> interfaceDirsList = new ArrayList<String>(Arrays.asList(interfaceDirs));
+        interfaceDirsList.remove("all");
+        interfaceDirsList.remove("lo");
+        return interfaceDirsList.toArray(new String[interfaceDirsList.size()]);
+    }
+
+
+    protected void assertLess(String sysctl, int a, int b) {
+        assertTrue("value of " + sysctl + ": expected < " + b + " but was: " + a, a < b);
+    }
+
+    protected void assertAtLeast(String sysctl, int a, int b) {
+        assertTrue("value of " + sysctl + ": expected >= " + b + " but was: " + a, a >= b);
+    }
+
+    public int readIntFromPath(String path) throws Exception {
+        String mode = mDevice.executeAdbCommand("shell", "stat", "-c", "%a", path).trim();
+        String user = mDevice.executeAdbCommand("shell", "stat", "-c", "%u", path).trim();
+        String group = mDevice.executeAdbCommand("shell", "stat", "-c", "%g", path).trim();
+        assertEquals(mode, "644");
+        assertEquals(user, "0");
+        assertEquals(group, "0");
+        return Integer.parseInt(mDevice.executeAdbCommand("shell", "cat", path).trim());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks that SPI default timeouts are overridden, and set to a reasonable length of time
+     */
+    public void testMinAcqExpires() throws Exception {
+        int value = readIntFromPath(SPI_TIMEOUT_SYSCTL);
+        assertAtLeast(SPI_TIMEOUT_SYSCTL, value, MIN_ACQ_EXPIRES);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks that the sysctls for multinetwork kernel features are present and
+     * enabled.
+     */
+    public void testProcSysctls() throws Exception {
+        for (String sysctl : GLOBAL_SYSCTLS) {
+            int value = readIntFromPath(sysctl);
+            assertEquals(sysctl, 1, value);
+        }
+
+        for (String interfaceDir : mSysctlDirs) {
+            String path = IPV6_SYSCTL_DIR + "/" + interfaceDir + "/" + AUTOCONF_SYSCTL;
+            int value = readIntFromPath(path);
+            assertLess(path, value, 0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verify that accept_ra_rt_info_{min,max}_plen exists and is set to the expected value
+     */
+    public void testAcceptRaRtInfoMinMaxPlen() throws Exception {
+        for (String interfaceDir : mSysctlDirs) {
+            String path = IPV6_SYSCTL_DIR + "/" + interfaceDir + "/" + "accept_ra_rt_info_min_plen";
+            int value = readIntFromPath(path);
+            assertEquals(path, value, ACCEPT_RA_RT_INFO_MIN_PLEN_VALUE);
+            path = IPV6_SYSCTL_DIR + "/" + interfaceDir + "/" + "accept_ra_rt_info_max_plen";
+            value = readIntFromPath(path);
+            assertEquals(path, value, ACCEPT_RA_RT_INFO_MAX_PLEN_VALUE);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verify that router_solicitations exists and is set to the expected value
+     * and verify that router_solicitation_max_interval exists and is in an acceptable interval.
+     */
+    public void testRouterSolicitations() throws Exception {
+        for (String interfaceDir : mSysctlDirs) {
+            String path = IPV6_SYSCTL_DIR + "/" + interfaceDir + "/" + "router_solicitations";
+            int value = readIntFromPath(path);
+            assertEquals(IPV6_WIFI_ROUTER_SOLICITATIONS, value);
+            path = IPV6_SYSCTL_DIR + "/" + interfaceDir + "/" + "router_solicitation_max_interval";
+            int interval = readIntFromPath(path);
+            final int lowerBoundSec = 15 * 60;
+            final int upperBoundSec = 60 * 60;
+            assertTrue(lowerBoundSec <= interval);
+            assertTrue(interval <= upperBoundSec);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/Android.bp b/tests/cts/net/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e979a3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+java_defaults {
+    name: "CtsNetTestCasesDefaults",
+    defaults: [
+        "cts_defaults",
+        "framework-connectivity-test-defaults",
+    ],
+
+    // Include both the 32 and 64 bit versions
+    compile_multilib: "both",
+
+    libs: [
+        "voip-common",
+        "android.test.base",
+    ],
+
+    jni_libs: [
+        "libcts_jni",
+        "libnativedns_jni",
+        "libnativemultinetwork_jni",
+        "libnativehelper_compat_libc++",
+    ],
+
+    srcs: [
+        "src/**/*.java",
+        "src/**/*.kt",
+        ":ike-aes-xcbc",
+    ],
+    jarjar_rules: "jarjar-rules-shared.txt",
+    static_libs: [
+        "bouncycastle-unbundled",
+        "FrameworksNetCommonTests",
+        "core-tests-support",
+        "cts-net-utils",
+        "CtsNetTestsNonUpdatableLib",
+        "ctstestrunner-axt",
+        "junit",
+        "junit-params",
+        "modules-utils-build",
+        "net-utils-framework-common",
+        "truth-prebuilt",
+    ],
+
+    // uncomment when b/13249961 is fixed
+    // sdk_version: "current",
+    platform_apis: true,
+    required: ["ConnectivityChecker"],
+}
+
+// Networking CTS tests for development and release. These tests always target the platform SDK
+// version, and are subject to all the restrictions appropriate to that version. Before SDK
+// finalization, these tests have a min_sdk_version of 10000, and cannot be installed on release
+// devices.
+android_test {
+    name: "CtsNetTestCases",
+    defaults: ["CtsNetTestCasesDefaults", "ConnectivityNextEnableDefaults"],
+    // TODO: CTS should not depend on the entirety of the networkstack code.
+    static_libs: [
+        "NetworkStackApiCurrentLib",
+    ],
+    test_suites: [
+        "cts",
+        "general-tests",
+    ],
+    test_config_template: "AndroidTestTemplate.xml",
+}
+
+// Networking CTS tests that target the latest released SDK. These tests can be installed on release
+// devices at any point in the Android release cycle and are useful for qualifying mainline modules
+// on release devices.
+android_test {
+    name: "CtsNetTestCasesLatestSdk",
+    defaults: ["CtsNetTestCasesDefaults"],
+    // TODO: CTS should not depend on the entirety of the networkstack code.
+    static_libs: [
+        "NetworkStackApiStableLib",
+    ],
+    jni_uses_sdk_apis: true,
+    min_sdk_version: "29",
+    target_sdk_version: "30",
+    test_suites: [
+        "general-tests",
+        "mts-dnsresolver",
+        "mts-networking",
+        "mts-tethering",
+        "mts-wifi",
+    ],
+    test_config_template: "AndroidTestTemplate.xml",
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/AndroidManifest.xml b/tests/cts/net/AndroidManifest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b47100
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!--
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    package="android.net.cts"
+    android:targetSandboxVersion="2">
+
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.DISABLE_KEYGUARD" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERACT_ACROSS_USERS" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE" />
+
+    <!-- TODO (b/186093901): remove after fixing resource querying -->
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES" />
+
+    <!-- This test also uses signature permissions through adopting the shell identity.
+         The permissions acquired that way include (probably not exhaustive) :
+             android.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS
+    -->
+
+    <application android:usesCleartextTraffic="true">
+        <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />
+        <uses-library android:name="org.apache.http.legacy" android:required="false" />
+    </application>
+
+    <instrumentation android:name="androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
+                     android:targetPackage="android.net.cts"
+                     android:label="CTS tests of android.net">
+        <meta-data android:name="listener"
+            android:value="com.android.cts.runner.CtsTestRunListener" />
+    </instrumentation>
+
+</manifest>
+
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/AndroidTestTemplate.xml b/tests/cts/net/AndroidTestTemplate.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..48a1c79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/AndroidTestTemplate.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+<configuration description="Test config for {MODULE}">
+    <option name="test-suite-tag" value="cts" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="component" value="networking" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="token" value="SIM_CARD" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="instant_app" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="not_multi_abi" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="secondary_user" />
+
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="mainline-param" value="CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="mainline-param" value="CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="mainline-param" value="com.google.android.tethering.apex" />
+    <option name="not-shardable" value="true" />
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.suite.SuiteApkInstaller">
+        <option name="cleanup-apks" value="true" />
+        <option name="test-file-name" value="{MODULE}.apk" />
+    </target_preparer>
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.testutils.ConnectivityCheckTargetPreparer">
+    </target_preparer>
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.testutils.DisableConfigSyncTargetPreparer">
+    </target_preparer>
+    <test class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.AndroidJUnitTest" >
+        <option name="package" value="android.net.cts" />
+        <option name="runtime-hint" value="9m4s" />
+        <option name="hidden-api-checks" value="false" />
+        <option name="isolated-storage" value="false" />
+    </test>
+</configuration>
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/api23Test/Android.bp b/tests/cts/net/api23Test/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b37294
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/api23Test/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+android_test {
+    name: "CtsNetApi23TestCases",
+    defaults: ["cts_defaults"],
+
+    // Include both the 32 and 64 bit versions
+    compile_multilib: "both",
+
+    libs: [
+        "android.test.base",
+    ],
+
+    srcs: [
+        "src/**/*.java",
+        "src/**/*.kt",
+    ],
+
+    static_libs: [
+        "core-tests-support",
+        "compatibility-device-util-axt",
+        "cts-net-utils",
+        "ctstestrunner-axt",
+        "ctstestserver",
+        "mockwebserver",
+        "junit",
+        "junit-params",
+        "truth-prebuilt",
+    ],
+
+    platform_apis: true,
+
+    // Tag this module as a cts test artifact
+    test_suites: [
+        "cts",
+        "general-tests",
+    ],
+
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/api23Test/AndroidManifest.xml b/tests/cts/net/api23Test/AndroidManifest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..69ee0dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/api23Test/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!--
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+     package="android.net.cts.api23test">
+
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
+
+    <application android:usesCleartextTraffic="true">
+        <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner"/>
+
+        <receiver android:name=".ConnectivityReceiver"
+             android:exported="true">
+            <intent-filter>
+                <action android:name="android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE"/>
+            </intent-filter>
+        </receiver>
+    </application>
+
+    <instrumentation android:name="androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
+         android:targetPackage="android.net.cts.api23test"
+         android:label="CTS tests of android.net">
+        <meta-data android:name="listener"
+             android:value="com.android.cts.runner.CtsTestRunListener"/>
+    </instrumentation>
+</manifest>
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/api23Test/AndroidTest.xml b/tests/cts/net/api23Test/AndroidTest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8042d50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/api23Test/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+<configuration description="Config for CTS Net API23 test cases">
+    <option name="test-suite-tag" value="cts" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="component" value="networking" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="not_instant_app" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="not_multi_abi" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="secondary_user" />
+    <option name="not-shardable" value="true" />
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.suite.SuiteApkInstaller">
+        <option name="cleanup-apks" value="true" />
+        <option name="test-file-name" value="CtsNetApi23TestCases.apk" />
+        <option name="test-file-name" value="CtsNetTestAppForApi23.apk" />
+    </target_preparer>
+    <test class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.AndroidJUnitTest" >
+        <option name="package" value="android.net.cts.api23test" />
+        <option name="hidden-api-checks" value="false" />
+    </test>
+</configuration>
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/api23Test/src/android/net/cts/api23test/ConnectivityManagerApi23Test.java b/tests/cts/net/api23Test/src/android/net/cts/api23test/ConnectivityManagerApi23Test.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d68c5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/api23Test/src/android/net/cts/api23test/ConnectivityManagerApi23Test.java
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts.api23test;
+
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI;
+
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
+import android.content.ComponentName;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.IntentFilter;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+public class ConnectivityManagerApi23Test extends AndroidTestCase {
+    private static final String TAG = ConnectivityManagerApi23Test.class.getSimpleName();
+    private static final int SEND_BROADCAST_TIMEOUT = 30000;
+    // Intent string to get the number of wifi CONNECTIVITY_ACTION callbacks the test app has seen
+    public static final String GET_WIFI_CONNECTIVITY_ACTION_COUNT =
+            "android.net.cts.appForApi23.getWifiConnectivityActionCount";
+    // Action sent to ConnectivityActionReceiver when a network callback is sent via PendingIntent.
+
+    private Context mContext;
+    private PackageManager mPackageManager;
+    private CtsNetUtils mCtsNetUtils;
+
+    @Override
+    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+        Looper.prepare();
+        mContext = getContext();
+        mPackageManager = mContext.getPackageManager();
+        mCtsNetUtils = new CtsNetUtils(mContext);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests reporting of connectivity changed.
+     */
+    public void testConnectivityChanged_manifestRequestOnly_shouldNotReceiveIntent()
+            throws Exception {
+        if (!mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI)) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "testConnectivityChanged_manifestRequestOnly_shouldNotReceiveIntent cannot execute unless device supports WiFi");
+            return;
+        }
+        ConnectivityReceiver.prepare();
+
+        mCtsNetUtils.toggleWifi();
+
+        // The connectivity broadcast has been sent; push through a terminal broadcast
+        // to wait for in the receive to confirm it didn't see the connectivity change.
+        Intent finalIntent = new Intent(ConnectivityReceiver.FINAL_ACTION);
+        finalIntent.setClass(mContext, ConnectivityReceiver.class);
+        mContext.sendBroadcast(finalIntent);
+        assertFalse(ConnectivityReceiver.waitForBroadcast());
+    }
+
+    public void testConnectivityChanged_manifestRequestOnlyPreN_shouldReceiveIntent()
+            throws Exception {
+        if (!mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI)) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "testConnectivityChanged_manifestRequestOnlyPreN_shouldReceiveIntent cannot"
+                    + "execute unless device supports WiFi");
+            return;
+        }
+        mContext.startActivity(new Intent()
+                .setComponent(new ComponentName("android.net.cts.appForApi23",
+                        "android.net.cts.appForApi23.ConnectivityListeningActivity"))
+                .addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK));
+        Thread.sleep(200);
+
+        mCtsNetUtils.toggleWifi();
+
+        Intent getConnectivityCount = new Intent(GET_WIFI_CONNECTIVITY_ACTION_COUNT);
+        assertEquals(2, sendOrderedBroadcastAndReturnResultCode(
+                getConnectivityCount, SEND_BROADCAST_TIMEOUT));
+    }
+
+    public void testConnectivityChanged_whenRegistered_shouldReceiveIntent() throws Exception {
+        if (!mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI)) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "testConnectivityChanged_whenRegistered_shouldReceiveIntent cannot execute unless device supports WiFi");
+            return;
+        }
+        ConnectivityReceiver.prepare();
+        ConnectivityReceiver receiver = new ConnectivityReceiver();
+        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
+        filter.addAction(ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION);
+        mContext.registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
+
+        mCtsNetUtils.toggleWifi();
+        Intent finalIntent = new Intent(ConnectivityReceiver.FINAL_ACTION);
+        finalIntent.setClass(mContext, ConnectivityReceiver.class);
+        mContext.sendBroadcast(finalIntent);
+
+        assertTrue(ConnectivityReceiver.waitForBroadcast());
+    }
+
+    private int sendOrderedBroadcastAndReturnResultCode(
+            Intent intent, int timeoutMs) throws InterruptedException {
+        final LinkedBlockingQueue<Integer> result = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(1);
+        mContext.sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, null, new BroadcastReceiver() {
+            @Override
+            public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+                result.offer(getResultCode());
+            }
+        }, null, 0, null, null);
+
+        Integer resultCode = result.poll(timeoutMs, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        assertNotNull("Timed out (more than " + timeoutMs +
+                " milliseconds) waiting for result code for broadcast", resultCode);
+        return resultCode;
+    }
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/api23Test/src/android/net/cts/api23test/ConnectivityReceiver.java b/tests/cts/net/api23Test/src/android/net/cts/api23test/ConnectivityReceiver.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d2b8ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/api23Test/src/android/net/cts/api23test/ConnectivityReceiver.java
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts.api23test;
+
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+public class ConnectivityReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
+    static boolean sReceivedConnectivity;
+    static boolean sReceivedFinal;
+    static CountDownLatch sLatch;
+
+    static void prepare() {
+        synchronized (ConnectivityReceiver.class) {
+            sReceivedConnectivity = sReceivedFinal = false;
+            sLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static boolean waitForBroadcast() {
+        try {
+            sLatch.await(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+        }
+        synchronized (ConnectivityReceiver.class) {
+            sLatch = null;
+            if (!sReceivedFinal) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Never received final broadcast");
+            }
+            return sReceivedConnectivity;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static final String FINAL_ACTION = "android.net.cts.action.FINAL";
+
+    @Override
+    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+        Log.i("ConnectivityReceiver", "Received: " + intent.getAction());
+        if (ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION.equals(intent.getAction())) {
+            sReceivedConnectivity = true;
+        } else if (FINAL_ACTION.equals(intent.getAction())) {
+            sReceivedFinal = true;
+            if (sLatch != null) {
+                sLatch.countDown();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/appForApi23/Android.bp b/tests/cts/net/appForApi23/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b39690f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/appForApi23/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+android_test {
+    name: "CtsNetTestAppForApi23",
+    defaults: ["cts_defaults"],
+
+    // Include both the 32 and 64 bit versions
+    compile_multilib: "both",
+
+    srcs: ["src/**/*.java"],
+
+    sdk_version: "23",
+
+    // Tag this module as a cts test artifact
+    test_suites: [
+        "cts",
+        "general-tests",
+    ],
+
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/appForApi23/AndroidManifest.xml b/tests/cts/net/appForApi23/AndroidManifest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..158b9c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/appForApi23/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!--
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+     package="android.net.cts.appForApi23">
+
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
+
+    <application>
+        <receiver android:name=".ConnectivityReceiver"
+             android:exported="true">
+            <intent-filter>
+                <action android:name="android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE"/>
+            </intent-filter>
+            <intent-filter>
+                <action android:name="android.net.cts.appForApi23.getWifiConnectivityActionCount"/>
+            </intent-filter>
+        </receiver>
+
+        <activity android:name=".ConnectivityListeningActivity"
+             android:label="ConnectivityListeningActivity"
+             android:exported="true">
+            <intent-filter>
+                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"/>
+                <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT"/>
+            </intent-filter>
+        </activity>
+
+    </application>
+
+</manifest>
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/appForApi23/src/android/net/cts/appForApi23/ConnectivityListeningActivity.java b/tests/cts/net/appForApi23/src/android/net/cts/appForApi23/ConnectivityListeningActivity.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..24fb68e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/appForApi23/src/android/net/cts/appForApi23/ConnectivityListeningActivity.java
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net.cts.appForApi23;
+
+import android.app.Activity;
+
+// Stub activity used to start the app
+public class ConnectivityListeningActivity extends Activity {
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/appForApi23/src/android/net/cts/appForApi23/ConnectivityReceiver.java b/tests/cts/net/appForApi23/src/android/net/cts/appForApi23/ConnectivityReceiver.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8039a4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/appForApi23/src/android/net/cts/appForApi23/ConnectivityReceiver.java
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net.cts.appForApi23;
+
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+
+public class ConnectivityReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
+    public static String GET_WIFI_CONNECTIVITY_ACTION_COUNT =
+            "android.net.cts.appForApi23.getWifiConnectivityActionCount";
+
+    private static int sWifiConnectivityActionCount = 0;
+
+    @Override
+    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+        if (ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION.equals(intent.getAction())) {
+            int networkType = intent.getIntExtra(ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_TYPE, 0);
+            if (networkType == ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI) {
+                sWifiConnectivityActionCount++;
+            }
+        }
+        if (GET_WIFI_CONNECTIVITY_ACTION_COUNT.equals(intent.getAction())) {
+            setResultCode(sWifiConnectivityActionCount);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/assets/network_watchlist_config_empty_for_test.xml b/tests/cts/net/assets/network_watchlist_config_empty_for_test.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..19628d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/assets/network_watchlist_config_empty_for_test.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!--
+/*
+** Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+**
+** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+** You may obtain a copy of the License at
+**
+**     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+**
+** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+** limitations under the License.
+*/
+-->
+<!-- This test config file is for NetworkWatchlistTest tests -->
+<watchlist-config>
+    <sha256-domain>
+    </sha256-domain>
+    <sha256-ip>
+    </sha256-ip>
+    <crc32-domain>
+    </crc32-domain>
+    <crc32-ip>
+    </crc32-ip>
+</watchlist-config>
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/assets/network_watchlist_config_for_test.xml b/tests/cts/net/assets/network_watchlist_config_for_test.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..835ae0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/assets/network_watchlist_config_for_test.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!--
+/*
+** Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+**
+** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+** You may obtain a copy of the License at
+**
+**     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+**
+** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+** limitations under the License.
+*/
+-->
+<!-- This test config file just contains some random hashes for testing
+ConnectivityManager.getWatchlistConfigHash() -->
+<watchlist-config>
+    <sha256-domain>
+        <hash>F0905DA7549614957B449034C281EF7BDEFDBC2B6E050AD1E78D6DE18FBD0D5F</hash>
+    </sha256-domain>
+    <sha256-ip>
+        <hash>18DD41C9F2E8E4879A1575FB780514EF33CF6E1F66578C4AE7CCA31F49B9F2EC</hash>
+    </sha256-ip>
+    <crc32-domain>
+        <hash>AAAAAAAA</hash>
+    </crc32-domain>
+    <crc32-ip>
+        <hash>BBBBBBBB</hash>
+    </crc32-ip>
+</watchlist-config>
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/jarjar-rules-shared.txt b/tests/cts/net/jarjar-rules-shared.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..11dba74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/jarjar-rules-shared.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# Module library in frameworks/libs/net
+rule com.android.net.module.util.** android.net.cts.util.@1
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/jni/Android.bp b/tests/cts/net/jni/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f0d78f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/jni/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2013 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "net_jni_defaults",
+
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wno-format",
+        "-Wno-unused-parameter",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libandroid",
+        "libnativehelper_compat_libc++",
+        "liblog",
+    ],
+    stl: "libc++_static",
+    // To be compatible with Q devices, the min_sdk_version must be 29.
+    sdk_version: "current",
+    min_sdk_version: "29",
+}
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "libnativedns_jni",
+    defaults: ["net_jni_defaults"],
+    srcs: ["NativeDnsJni.c"],
+}
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "libnativemultinetwork_jni",
+    defaults: ["net_jni_defaults"],
+    srcs: ["NativeMultinetworkJni.cpp"],
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/jni/NativeDnsJni.c b/tests/cts/net/jni/NativeDnsJni.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ec800e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/jni/NativeDnsJni.c
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <jni.h>
+#include <netdb.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include <android/log.h>
+
+#define LOG_TAG "NativeDns-JNI"
+#define LOGD(fmt, ...) \
+        __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, LOG_TAG, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+
+const char *GoogleDNSIpV4Address="8.8.8.8";
+const char *GoogleDNSIpV4Address2="8.8.4.4";
+const char *GoogleDNSIpV6Address="2001:4860:4860::8888";
+const char *GoogleDNSIpV6Address2="2001:4860:4860::8844";
+
+JNIEXPORT jboolean Java_android_net_cts_DnsTest_testNativeDns(JNIEnv* env, jclass class)
+{
+    const char *node = "www.google.com";
+    char *service = NULL;
+    struct addrinfo *answer;
+
+    int res = getaddrinfo(node, service, NULL, &answer);
+    LOGD("getaddrinfo(www.google.com) gave res=%d (%s)", res, gai_strerror(res));
+    if (res != 0) return JNI_FALSE;
+
+    // check for v4 & v6
+    {
+        int foundv4 = 0;
+        int foundv6 = 0;
+        struct addrinfo *current = answer;
+        while (current != NULL) {
+            char buf[256];
+            if (current->ai_addr->sa_family == AF_INET) {
+                inet_ntop(current->ai_family, &((struct sockaddr_in *)current->ai_addr)->sin_addr,
+                        buf, sizeof(buf));
+                foundv4 = 1;
+                LOGD("  %s", buf);
+            } else if (current->ai_addr->sa_family == AF_INET6) {
+                inet_ntop(current->ai_family, &((struct sockaddr_in6 *)current->ai_addr)->sin6_addr,
+                        buf, sizeof(buf));
+                foundv6 = 1;
+                LOGD("  %s", buf);
+            }
+            current = current->ai_next;
+        }
+
+        freeaddrinfo(answer);
+        answer = NULL;
+        if (foundv4 != 1 && foundv6 != 1) {
+            LOGD("getaddrinfo(www.google.com) didn't find either v4 or v6 address");
+            return JNI_FALSE;
+        }
+    }
+
+    node = "ipv6.google.com";
+    res = getaddrinfo(node, service, NULL, &answer);
+    LOGD("getaddrinfo(ipv6.google.com) gave res=%d", res);
+    if (res != 0) return JNI_FALSE;
+
+    {
+        int foundv4 = 0;
+        int foundv6 = 0;
+        struct addrinfo *current = answer;
+        while (current != NULL) {
+            char buf[256];
+            if (current->ai_addr->sa_family == AF_INET) {
+                inet_ntop(current->ai_family, &((struct sockaddr_in *)current->ai_addr)->sin_addr,
+                        buf, sizeof(buf));
+                LOGD("  %s", buf);
+                foundv4 = 1;
+            } else if (current->ai_addr->sa_family == AF_INET6) {
+                inet_ntop(current->ai_family, &((struct sockaddr_in6 *)current->ai_addr)->sin6_addr,
+                        buf, sizeof(buf));
+                LOGD("  %s", buf);
+                foundv6 = 1;
+            }
+            current = current->ai_next;
+        }
+
+        freeaddrinfo(answer);
+        answer = NULL;
+        if (foundv4 == 1 || foundv6 != 1) {
+            LOGD("getaddrinfo(ipv6.google.com) didn't find only v6");
+            return JNI_FALSE;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // getnameinfo
+    struct sockaddr_in sa4;
+    sa4.sin_family = AF_INET;
+    sa4.sin_port = 0;
+    inet_pton(AF_INET, GoogleDNSIpV4Address, &(sa4.sin_addr));
+
+    struct sockaddr_in6 sa6;
+    sa6.sin6_family = AF_INET6;
+    sa6.sin6_port = 0;
+    sa6.sin6_flowinfo = 0;
+    sa6.sin6_scope_id = 0;
+    inet_pton(AF_INET6, GoogleDNSIpV6Address2, &(sa6.sin6_addr));
+
+    char buf[NI_MAXHOST];
+    int flags = NI_NAMEREQD;
+
+    res = getnameinfo((const struct sockaddr*)&sa4, sizeof(sa4), buf, sizeof(buf), NULL, 0, flags);
+    if (res != 0) {
+        LOGD("getnameinfo(%s (GoogleDNS) ) gave error %d (%s)", GoogleDNSIpV4Address, res,
+            gai_strerror(res));
+        return JNI_FALSE;
+    }
+    if (strstr(buf, "google.com") == NULL && strstr(buf, "dns.google") == NULL) {
+        LOGD("getnameinfo(%s (GoogleDNS) ) didn't return google.com or dns.google: %s",
+            GoogleDNSIpV4Address, buf);
+        return JNI_FALSE;
+    }
+
+    memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
+    res = getnameinfo((const struct sockaddr*)&sa6, sizeof(sa6), buf, sizeof(buf), NULL, 0, flags);
+    if (res != 0) {
+        LOGD("getnameinfo(%s (GoogleDNS) ) gave error %d (%s)", GoogleDNSIpV6Address2,
+            res, gai_strerror(res));
+        return JNI_FALSE;
+    }
+    if (strstr(buf, "google.com") == NULL && strstr(buf, "dns.google") == NULL) {
+        LOGD("getnameinfo(%s (GoogleDNS) ) didn't return google.com or dns.google: %s",
+            GoogleDNSIpV6Address2, buf);
+        return JNI_FALSE;
+    }
+
+    // gethostbyname
+    struct hostent *my_hostent = gethostbyname("www.youtube.com");
+    if (my_hostent == NULL) {
+        LOGD("gethostbyname(www.youtube.com) gave null response");
+        return JNI_FALSE;
+    }
+    if ((my_hostent->h_addr_list == NULL) || (*my_hostent->h_addr_list == NULL)) {
+        LOGD("gethostbyname(www.youtube.com) gave 0 addresses");
+        return JNI_FALSE;
+    }
+    {
+        char **current = my_hostent->h_addr_list;
+        while (*current != NULL) {
+            char buf[256];
+            inet_ntop(my_hostent->h_addrtype, *current, buf, sizeof(buf));
+            LOGD("gethostbyname(www.youtube.com) gave %s", buf);
+            current++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // gethostbyaddr
+    char addr6[16];
+    inet_pton(AF_INET6, GoogleDNSIpV6Address, addr6);
+    my_hostent = gethostbyaddr(addr6, sizeof(addr6), AF_INET6);
+    if (my_hostent == NULL) {
+        LOGD("gethostbyaddr(%s (GoogleDNS) ) gave null response", GoogleDNSIpV6Address);
+        return JNI_FALSE;
+    }
+
+    LOGD("gethostbyaddr(%s (GoogleDNS) ) gave %s for name", GoogleDNSIpV6Address,
+        my_hostent->h_name ? my_hostent->h_name : "null");
+
+    if (my_hostent->h_name == NULL) return JNI_FALSE;
+    return JNI_TRUE;
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/jni/NativeMultinetworkJni.cpp b/tests/cts/net/jni/NativeMultinetworkJni.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..60e31bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/jni/NativeMultinetworkJni.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,515 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+
+#define LOG_TAG "MultinetworkApiTest"
+
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <arpa/nameser.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <jni.h>
+#include <netdb.h>
+#include <poll.h> /* poll */
+#include <resolv.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <android/log.h>
+#include <android/multinetwork.h>
+#include <nativehelper/JNIHelp.h>
+
+#define LOGD(fmt, ...) \
+        __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, LOG_TAG, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define EXPECT_GE(env, actual, expected, msg)                        \
+    do {                                                             \
+        if (actual < expected) {                                     \
+            jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/lang/AssertionError",    \
+                    "%s:%d: %s EXPECT_GE: expected %d, got %d",      \
+                    __FILE__, __LINE__, msg, expected, actual);      \
+        }                                                            \
+    } while (0)
+
+#define EXPECT_GT(env, actual, expected, msg)                        \
+    do {                                                             \
+        if (actual <= expected) {                                    \
+            jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/lang/AssertionError",    \
+                    "%s:%d: %s EXPECT_GT: expected %d, got %d",      \
+                    __FILE__, __LINE__, msg, expected, actual);      \
+        }                                                            \
+    } while (0)
+
+#define EXPECT_EQ(env, expected, actual, msg)                        \
+    do {                                                             \
+        if (actual != expected) {                                    \
+            jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/lang/AssertionError",    \
+                    "%s:%d: %s EXPECT_EQ: expected %d, got %d",      \
+                    __FILE__, __LINE__, msg, expected, actual);      \
+        }                                                            \
+    } while (0)
+
+static const int MAXPACKET = 8 * 1024;
+static const int TIMEOUT_MS = 15000;
+static const char kHostname[] = "connectivitycheck.android.com";
+static const char kNxDomainName[] = "test1-nx.metric.gstatic.com";
+static const char kGoogleName[] = "www.google.com";
+
+int makeQuery(const char* name, int qtype, uint8_t* buf, size_t buflen) {
+    return res_mkquery(ns_o_query, name, ns_c_in, qtype, NULL, 0, NULL, buf, buflen);
+}
+
+int getAsyncResponse(JNIEnv* env, int fd, int timeoutMs, int* rcode, uint8_t* buf, size_t bufLen) {
+    struct pollfd wait_fd = { .fd = fd, .events = POLLIN };
+
+    poll(&wait_fd, 1, timeoutMs);
+    if (wait_fd.revents & POLLIN) {
+        int n = android_res_nresult(fd, rcode, buf, bufLen);
+        // Verify that android_res_nresult() closed the fd
+        char dummy;
+        EXPECT_EQ(env, -1, read(fd, &dummy, sizeof(dummy)), "res_nresult check for closing fd");
+        EXPECT_EQ(env, EBADF, errno, "res_nresult check for errno");
+        return n;
+    }
+
+    return -ETIMEDOUT;
+}
+
+int extractIpAddressAnswers(uint8_t* buf, size_t bufLen, int family) {
+    ns_msg handle;
+    if (ns_initparse((const uint8_t*) buf, bufLen, &handle) < 0) {
+        return -errno;
+    }
+    const int ancount = ns_msg_count(handle, ns_s_an);
+    // Answer count = 0 is valid(e.g. response of query with root)
+    if (!ancount) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    ns_rr rr;
+    bool hasValidAns = false;
+    for (int i = 0; i < ancount; i++) {
+        if (ns_parserr(&handle, ns_s_an, i, &rr) < 0) {
+            // If there is no valid answer, test will fail.
+            continue;
+        }
+        const uint8_t* rdata = ns_rr_rdata(rr);
+        char buffer[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
+        if (inet_ntop(family, (const char*) rdata, buffer, sizeof(buffer)) == NULL) {
+            return -errno;
+        }
+        hasValidAns = true;
+    }
+    return hasValidAns ? 0 : -EBADMSG;
+}
+
+int expectAnswersValid(JNIEnv* env, int fd, int family, int expectedRcode) {
+    int rcode = -1;
+    uint8_t buf[MAXPACKET] = {};
+    int res = getAsyncResponse(env, fd, TIMEOUT_MS, &rcode, buf, MAXPACKET);
+    if (res < 0) {
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, expectedRcode, rcode, "rcode is not expected");
+
+    if (expectedRcode == ns_r_noerror && res > 0) {
+        return extractIpAddressAnswers(buf, res, family);
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int expectAnswersNotValid(JNIEnv* env, int fd, int expectedErrno) {
+    int rcode = -1;
+    uint8_t buf[MAXPACKET] = {};
+    int res = getAsyncResponse(env, fd, TIMEOUT_MS, &rcode, buf, MAXPACKET);
+    if (res != expectedErrno) {
+        LOGD("res:%d, expectedErrno = %d", res, expectedErrno);
+        return (res > 0) ? -EREMOTEIO : res;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+extern "C"
+JNIEXPORT void Java_android_net_cts_MultinetworkApiTest_runResNqueryCheck(
+        JNIEnv* env, jclass, jlong nethandle) {
+    net_handle_t handle = (net_handle_t) nethandle;
+
+    // V4
+    int fd = android_res_nquery(handle, kHostname, ns_c_in, ns_t_a, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(env, fd, 0, "v4 res_nquery");
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersValid(env, fd, AF_INET, ns_r_noerror),
+            "v4 res_nquery check answers");
+
+    // V6
+    fd = android_res_nquery(handle, kHostname, ns_c_in, ns_t_aaaa, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(env, fd, 0, "v6 res_nquery");
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersValid(env, fd, AF_INET, ns_r_noerror),
+            "v6 res_nquery check answers");
+}
+
+extern "C"
+JNIEXPORT void Java_android_net_cts_MultinetworkApiTest_runResNsendCheck(
+        JNIEnv* env, jclass, jlong nethandle) {
+    net_handle_t handle = (net_handle_t) nethandle;
+    // V4
+    uint8_t buf1[MAXPACKET] = {};
+
+    int len1 = makeQuery(kGoogleName, ns_t_a, buf1, sizeof(buf1));
+    EXPECT_GT(env, len1, 0, "v4 res_mkquery 1st");
+
+    uint8_t buf2[MAXPACKET] = {};
+    int len2 = makeQuery(kHostname, ns_t_a, buf2, sizeof(buf2));
+    EXPECT_GT(env, len2, 0, "v4 res_mkquery 2nd");
+
+    int fd1 = android_res_nsend(handle, buf1, len1, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(env, fd1, 0, "v4 res_nsend 1st");
+    int fd2 = android_res_nsend(handle, buf2, len2, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(env, fd2, 0, "v4 res_nsend 2nd");
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersValid(env, fd2, AF_INET, ns_r_noerror),
+            "v4 res_nsend 2nd check answers");
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersValid(env, fd1, AF_INET, ns_r_noerror),
+            "v4 res_nsend 1st check answers");
+
+    // V6
+    memset(buf1, 0, sizeof(buf1));
+    memset(buf2, 0, sizeof(buf2));
+    len1 = makeQuery(kGoogleName, ns_t_aaaa, buf1, sizeof(buf1));
+    EXPECT_GT(env, len1, 0, "v6 res_mkquery 1st");
+    len2 = makeQuery(kHostname, ns_t_aaaa, buf2, sizeof(buf2));
+    EXPECT_GT(env, len2, 0, "v6 res_mkquery 2nd");
+
+    fd1 = android_res_nsend(handle, buf1, len1, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(env, fd1, 0, "v6 res_nsend 1st");
+    fd2 = android_res_nsend(handle, buf2, len2, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(env, fd2, 0, "v6 res_nsend 2nd");
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersValid(env, fd2, AF_INET6, ns_r_noerror),
+            "v6 res_nsend 2nd check answers");
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersValid(env, fd1, AF_INET6, ns_r_noerror),
+            "v6 res_nsend 1st check answers");
+}
+
+extern "C"
+JNIEXPORT void Java_android_net_cts_MultinetworkApiTest_runResNnxDomainCheck(
+        JNIEnv* env, jclass, jlong nethandle) {
+    net_handle_t handle = (net_handle_t) nethandle;
+
+    // res_nquery V4 NXDOMAIN
+    int fd = android_res_nquery(handle, kNxDomainName, ns_c_in, ns_t_a, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(env, fd, 0, "v4 res_nquery NXDOMAIN");
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersValid(env, fd, AF_INET, ns_r_nxdomain),
+            "v4 res_nquery NXDOMAIN check answers");
+
+    // res_nquery V6 NXDOMAIN
+    fd = android_res_nquery(handle, kNxDomainName, ns_c_in, ns_t_aaaa, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(env, fd, 0, "v6 res_nquery NXDOMAIN");
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersValid(env, fd, AF_INET6, ns_r_nxdomain),
+            "v6 res_nquery NXDOMAIN check answers");
+
+    uint8_t buf[MAXPACKET] = {};
+    // res_nsend V4 NXDOMAIN
+    int len = makeQuery(kNxDomainName, ns_t_a, buf, sizeof(buf));
+    EXPECT_GT(env, len, 0, "v4 res_mkquery NXDOMAIN");
+    fd = android_res_nsend(handle, buf, len, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(env, fd, 0, "v4 res_nsend NXDOMAIN");
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersValid(env, fd, AF_INET, ns_r_nxdomain),
+            "v4 res_nsend NXDOMAIN check answers");
+
+    // res_nsend V6 NXDOMAIN
+    memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
+    len = makeQuery(kNxDomainName, ns_t_aaaa, buf, sizeof(buf));
+    EXPECT_GT(env, len, 0, "v6 res_mkquery NXDOMAIN");
+    fd = android_res_nsend(handle, buf, len, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(env, fd, 0, "v6 res_nsend NXDOMAIN");
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersValid(env, fd, AF_INET6, ns_r_nxdomain),
+            "v6 res_nsend NXDOMAIN check answers");
+}
+
+
+extern "C"
+JNIEXPORT void Java_android_net_cts_MultinetworkApiTest_runResNcancelCheck(
+        JNIEnv* env, jclass, jlong nethandle) {
+    net_handle_t handle = (net_handle_t) nethandle;
+
+    int fd = android_res_nquery(handle, kGoogleName, ns_c_in, ns_t_a, 0);
+    errno = 0;
+    android_res_cancel(fd);
+    int err = errno;
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, err, "res_cancel");
+    // DO NOT call cancel or result with the same fd more than once,
+    // otherwise it will hit fdsan double-close fd.
+}
+
+extern "C"
+JNIEXPORT void Java_android_net_cts_MultinetworkApiTest_runResNapiMalformedCheck(
+        JNIEnv* env, jclass, jlong nethandle) {
+    net_handle_t handle = (net_handle_t) nethandle;
+
+    // It is the equivalent of "dig . a", Query with an empty name.
+    int fd = android_res_nquery(handle, "", ns_c_in, ns_t_a, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(env, fd, 0, "res_nquery root");
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersValid(env, fd, AF_INET, ns_r_noerror),
+            "res_nquery root check answers");
+
+    // Label limit 63
+    std::string exceedingLabelQuery = "www." + std::string(70, 'g') + ".com";
+    // Name limit 255
+    std::string exceedingDomainQuery = "www." + std::string(255, 'g') + ".com";
+
+    fd = android_res_nquery(handle, exceedingLabelQuery.c_str(), ns_c_in, ns_t_a, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, -EMSGSIZE, fd, "res_nquery exceedingLabelQuery");
+    fd = android_res_nquery(handle, exceedingDomainQuery.c_str(), ns_c_in, ns_t_aaaa, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, -EMSGSIZE, fd, "res_nquery exceedingDomainQuery");
+
+    uint8_t buf[10] = {};
+    // empty BLOB
+    fd = android_res_nsend(handle, buf, 10, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(env, fd, 0, "res_nsend empty BLOB");
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersNotValid(env, fd, -EINVAL),
+            "res_nsend empty BLOB check answers");
+
+    uint8_t largeBuf[2 * MAXPACKET] = {};
+    // A buffer larger than 8KB
+    fd = android_res_nsend(handle, largeBuf, sizeof(largeBuf), 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, -EMSGSIZE, fd, "res_nsend buffer larger than 8KB");
+
+    // 5000 bytes filled with 0. This returns EMSGSIZE because FrameworkListener limits the size of
+    // commands to 4096 bytes.
+    fd = android_res_nsend(handle, largeBuf, 5000, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, -EMSGSIZE, fd, "res_nsend 5000 bytes filled with 0");
+
+    // 500 bytes filled with 0
+    fd = android_res_nsend(handle, largeBuf, 500, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(env, fd, 0, "res_nsend 500 bytes filled with 0");
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersNotValid(env, fd, -EINVAL),
+            "res_nsend 500 bytes filled with 0 check answers");
+
+    // 5000 bytes filled with 0xFF
+    uint8_t ffBuf[5001] = {};
+    memset(ffBuf, 0xFF, sizeof(ffBuf));
+    ffBuf[5000] = '\0';
+    fd = android_res_nsend(handle, ffBuf, sizeof(ffBuf), 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, -EMSGSIZE, fd, "res_nsend 5000 bytes filled with 0xFF");
+
+    // 500 bytes filled with 0xFF
+    ffBuf[500] = '\0';
+    fd = android_res_nsend(handle, ffBuf, 501, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(env, fd, 0, "res_nsend 500 bytes filled with 0xFF");
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersNotValid(env, fd, -EINVAL),
+            "res_nsend 500 bytes filled with 0xFF check answers");
+}
+
+extern "C"
+JNIEXPORT jint Java_android_net_cts_MultinetworkApiTest_runGetaddrinfoCheck(
+        JNIEnv*, jclass, jlong nethandle) {
+    net_handle_t handle = (net_handle_t) nethandle;
+    struct addrinfo *res = NULL;
+
+    errno = 0;
+    int rval = android_getaddrinfofornetwork(handle, kHostname, NULL, NULL, &res);
+    const int saved_errno = errno;
+    freeaddrinfo(res);
+
+    LOGD("android_getaddrinfofornetwork(%" PRIu64 ", %s) returned rval=%d errno=%d",
+          handle, kHostname, rval, saved_errno);
+    return rval == 0 ? 0 : -saved_errno;
+}
+
+extern "C"
+JNIEXPORT jint Java_android_net_cts_MultinetworkApiTest_runSetprocnetwork(
+        JNIEnv*, jclass, jlong nethandle) {
+    net_handle_t handle = (net_handle_t) nethandle;
+
+    errno = 0;
+    int rval = android_setprocnetwork(handle);
+    const int saved_errno = errno;
+    LOGD("android_setprocnetwork(%" PRIu64 ") returned rval=%d errno=%d",
+          handle, rval, saved_errno);
+    return rval == 0 ? 0 : -saved_errno;
+}
+
+extern "C"
+JNIEXPORT jint Java_android_net_cts_MultinetworkApiTest_runSetsocknetwork(
+        JNIEnv*, jclass, jlong nethandle) {
+    net_handle_t handle = (net_handle_t) nethandle;
+
+    errno = 0;
+    int fd = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        LOGD("socket() failed, errno=%d", errno);
+        return -errno;
+    }
+
+    errno = 0;
+    int rval = android_setsocknetwork(handle, fd);
+    const int saved_errno = errno;
+    LOGD("android_setprocnetwork(%" PRIu64 ", %d) returned rval=%d errno=%d",
+          handle, fd, rval, saved_errno);
+    close(fd);
+    return rval == 0 ? 0 : -saved_errno;
+}
+
+// Use sizeof("x") - 1 because we need a compile-time constant, and strlen("x")
+// isn't guaranteed to fold to a constant.
+static const int kSockaddrStrLen = INET6_ADDRSTRLEN + sizeof("[]:65535") - 1;
+
+void sockaddr_ntop(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen, char *dst, const size_t size) {
+    char addrstr[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
+    char portstr[sizeof("65535")];
+    char buf[kSockaddrStrLen+1];
+
+    int ret = getnameinfo(sa, salen,
+                          addrstr, sizeof(addrstr),
+                          portstr, sizeof(portstr),
+                          NI_NUMERICHOST | NI_NUMERICSERV);
+    if (ret == 0) {
+        snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
+                 (sa->sa_family == AF_INET6) ? "[%s]:%s" : "%s:%s",
+                 addrstr, portstr);
+    } else {
+        sprintf(buf, "???");
+    }
+
+    strlcpy(dst, buf, size);
+}
+
+extern "C"
+JNIEXPORT jint Java_android_net_cts_MultinetworkApiTest_runDatagramCheck(
+        JNIEnv*, jclass, jlong nethandle) {
+    const struct addrinfo kHints = {
+        .ai_flags = AI_ADDRCONFIG,
+        .ai_family = AF_UNSPEC,
+        .ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM,
+        .ai_protocol = IPPROTO_UDP,
+    };
+    struct addrinfo *res = NULL;
+    net_handle_t handle = (net_handle_t) nethandle;
+
+    static const char kPort[] = "443";
+    int rval = android_getaddrinfofornetwork(handle, kHostname, kPort, &kHints, &res);
+    if (rval != 0) {
+        LOGD("android_getaddrinfofornetwork(%llu, %s) returned rval=%d errno=%d",
+              handle, kHostname, rval, errno);
+        freeaddrinfo(res);
+        return -errno;
+    }
+
+    // Rely upon getaddrinfo sorting the best destination to the front.
+    int fd = socket(res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype, res->ai_protocol);
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        LOGD("socket(%d, %d, %d) failed, errno=%d",
+              res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype, res->ai_protocol, errno);
+        freeaddrinfo(res);
+        return -errno;
+    }
+
+    rval = android_setsocknetwork(handle, fd);
+    LOGD("android_setprocnetwork(%llu, %d) returned rval=%d errno=%d",
+          handle, fd, rval, errno);
+    if (rval != 0) {
+        close(fd);
+        freeaddrinfo(res);
+        return -errno;
+    }
+
+    char addrstr[kSockaddrStrLen+1];
+    sockaddr_ntop(res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen, addrstr, sizeof(addrstr));
+    LOGD("Attempting connect() to %s ...", addrstr);
+
+    rval = connect(fd, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen);
+    if (rval != 0) {
+        close(fd);
+        freeaddrinfo(res);
+        return -errno;
+    }
+    freeaddrinfo(res);
+
+    struct sockaddr_storage src_addr;
+    socklen_t src_addrlen = sizeof(src_addr);
+    if (getsockname(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&src_addr, &src_addrlen) != 0) {
+        close(fd);
+        return -errno;
+    }
+    sockaddr_ntop((const struct sockaddr *)&src_addr, sizeof(src_addr), addrstr, sizeof(addrstr));
+    LOGD("... from %s", addrstr);
+
+    // Don't let reads or writes block indefinitely.
+    const struct timeval timeo = { 2, 0 };  // 2 seconds
+    setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, &timeo, sizeof(timeo));
+    setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDTIMEO, &timeo, sizeof(timeo));
+
+    // For reference see:
+    //     https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-quic-invariants
+    uint8_t quic_packet[1200] = {
+        0xc0,                    // long header
+        0xaa, 0xda, 0xca, 0xca,  // reserved-space version number
+        0x08,                    // destination connection ID length
+        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  // 64bit connection ID
+        0x00,                    // source connection ID length
+    };
+
+    arc4random_buf(quic_packet + 6, 8);  // random connection ID
+
+    uint8_t response[1500];
+    ssize_t sent, rcvd;
+    static const int MAX_RETRIES = 5;
+    int i, errnum = 0;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < MAX_RETRIES; i++) {
+        sent = send(fd, quic_packet, sizeof(quic_packet), 0);
+        if (sent < (ssize_t)sizeof(quic_packet)) {
+            errnum = errno;
+            LOGD("send(QUIC packet) returned sent=%zd, errno=%d", sent, errnum);
+            close(fd);
+            return -errnum;
+        }
+
+        rcvd = recv(fd, response, sizeof(response), 0);
+        if (rcvd > 0) {
+            break;
+        } else {
+            errnum = errno;
+            LOGD("[%d/%d] recv(QUIC response) returned rcvd=%zd, errno=%d",
+                  i + 1, MAX_RETRIES, rcvd, errnum);
+        }
+    }
+    if (rcvd < 15) {
+        LOGD("QUIC UDP %s: sent=%zd but rcvd=%zd, errno=%d", kPort, sent, rcvd, errnum);
+        if (rcvd <= 0) {
+            LOGD("Does this network block UDP port %s?", kPort);
+        }
+        close(fd);
+        return -EPROTO;
+    }
+
+    int conn_id_cmp = memcmp(quic_packet + 6, response + 7, 8);
+    if (conn_id_cmp != 0) {
+        LOGD("sent and received connection IDs do not match");
+        close(fd);
+        return -EPROTO;
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Replace this quick 'n' dirty test with proper QUIC-capable code.
+
+    close(fd);
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/native/Android.bp b/tests/cts/net/native/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..153ff51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/native/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Build the unit tests.
+
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "CtsNativeNetTestCases",
+
+    compile_multilib: "both",
+    multilib: {
+        lib32: {
+            suffix: "32",
+        },
+        lib64: {
+            suffix: "64",
+        },
+    },
+
+    srcs: [
+        "src/BpfCompatTest.cpp",
+    ],
+
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "liblog",
+    ],
+
+    static_libs: [
+        "libbpf_android",
+        "libgtest",
+        "libmodules-utils-build",
+    ],
+
+    // Tag this module as a cts test artifact
+    test_suites: [
+        "cts",
+        "general-tests",
+    ],
+
+    cflags: [
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wall",
+    ],
+
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/native/AndroidTest.xml b/tests/cts/net/native/AndroidTest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..70d788a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/native/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+<configuration description="Config for CTS Native Network test cases">
+    <option name="test-suite-tag" value="cts" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="component" value="networking" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="instant_app" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="multi_abi" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="secondary_user" />
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.compatibility.common.tradefed.targetprep.FilePusher">
+        <option name="cleanup" value="true" />
+        <option name="push" value="CtsNativeNetTestCases->/data/local/tmp/CtsNativeNetTestCases" />
+        <option name="append-bitness" value="true" />
+    </target_preparer>
+    <test class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.GTest" >
+        <option name="native-test-device-path" value="/data/local/tmp" />
+        <option name="module-name" value="CtsNativeNetTestCases" />
+        <option name="runtime-hint" value="1m" />
+    </test>
+</configuration>
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/native/dns/Android.bp b/tests/cts/net/native/dns/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..434e529
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/native/dns/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "dns_async_defaults",
+
+    cflags: [
+        "-fstack-protector-all",
+        "-g",
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Wextra",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wnullable-to-nonnull-conversion",
+        "-Wsign-compare",
+        "-Wthread-safety",
+        "-Wunused-parameter",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "NativeDnsAsyncTest.cpp",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libandroid",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+    ],
+    // To be compatible with Q devices, the min_sdk_version must be 29.
+    min_sdk_version: "29",
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "CtsNativeNetDnsTestCases",
+    defaults: ["dns_async_defaults"],
+    multilib: {
+        lib32: {
+            suffix: "32",
+        },
+        lib64: {
+            suffix: "64",
+        },
+    },
+    test_suites: [
+        "cts",
+        "general-tests",
+        "mts-dnsresolver",
+        "mts-networking",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/native/dns/AndroidTest.xml b/tests/cts/net/native/dns/AndroidTest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d03c23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/native/dns/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+<configuration description="Config for CTS Native Network dns test cases">
+    <option name="test-suite-tag" value="cts" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="component" value="networking" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="instant_app" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="multi_abi" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="secondary_user" />
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.compatibility.common.tradefed.targetprep.FilePusher">
+        <option name="cleanup" value="true" />
+        <option name="push" value="CtsNativeNetDnsTestCases->/data/local/tmp/CtsNativeNetDnsTestCases" />
+        <option name="append-bitness" value="true" />
+    </target_preparer>
+    <test class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.GTest" >
+        <option name="native-test-device-path" value="/data/local/tmp" />
+        <option name="module-name" value="CtsNativeNetDnsTestCases" />
+        <option name="runtime-hint" value="1m" />
+    </test>
+</configuration>
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/native/dns/NativeDnsAsyncTest.cpp b/tests/cts/net/native/dns/NativeDnsAsyncTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e501475
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/native/dns/NativeDnsAsyncTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <arpa/nameser.h>
+#include <error.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <poll.h> /* poll */
+#include <resolv.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+
+#include <android/multinetwork.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace {
+constexpr int MAXPACKET = 8 * 1024;
+constexpr int PTON_MAX = 16;
+constexpr int TIMEOUT_MS = 10000;
+
+int getAsyncResponse(int fd, int timeoutMs, int* rcode, uint8_t* buf, size_t bufLen) {
+    struct pollfd wait_fd[1];
+    wait_fd[0].fd = fd;
+    wait_fd[0].events = POLLIN;
+    short revents;
+    int ret;
+    ret = poll(wait_fd, 1, timeoutMs);
+    revents = wait_fd[0].revents;
+    if (revents & POLLIN) {
+        int n = android_res_nresult(fd, rcode, buf, bufLen);
+        // Verify that android_res_nresult() closed the fd
+        char dummy;
+        EXPECT_EQ(-1, read(fd, &dummy, sizeof dummy));
+        EXPECT_EQ(EBADF, errno);
+        return n;
+    }
+
+    return -1;
+}
+
+std::vector<std::string> extractIpAddressAnswers(uint8_t* buf, size_t bufLen, int ipType) {
+    ns_msg handle;
+    if (ns_initparse((const uint8_t*) buf, bufLen, &handle) < 0) {
+        return {};
+    }
+    const int ancount = ns_msg_count(handle, ns_s_an);
+    ns_rr rr;
+    std::vector<std::string> answers;
+    for (int i = 0; i < ancount; i++) {
+        if (ns_parserr(&handle, ns_s_an, i, &rr) < 0) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        const uint8_t* rdata = ns_rr_rdata(rr);
+        char buffer[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
+        if (inet_ntop(ipType, (const char*) rdata, buffer, sizeof(buffer))) {
+            answers.push_back(buffer);
+        }
+    }
+    return answers;
+}
+
+void expectAnswersValid(int fd, int ipType, int expectedRcode) {
+    int rcode = -1;
+    uint8_t buf[MAXPACKET] = {};
+    int res = getAsyncResponse(fd, TIMEOUT_MS, &rcode, buf, MAXPACKET);
+    EXPECT_GE(res, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(rcode, expectedRcode);
+
+    if (expectedRcode == ns_r_noerror) {
+        auto answers = extractIpAddressAnswers(buf, res, ipType);
+        EXPECT_GE(answers.size(), 0U);
+        for (auto &answer : answers) {
+            char pton[PTON_MAX];
+            EXPECT_EQ(1, inet_pton(ipType, answer.c_str(), pton));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void expectAnswersNotValid(int fd, int expectedErrno) {
+    int rcode = -1;
+    uint8_t buf[MAXPACKET] = {};
+    int res = getAsyncResponse(fd, TIMEOUT_MS, &rcode, buf, MAXPACKET);
+    EXPECT_EQ(expectedErrno, res);
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+TEST (NativeDnsAsyncTest, Async_Query) {
+    // V4
+    int fd1 = android_res_nquery(
+            NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED, "www.google.com", ns_c_in, ns_t_a, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(fd1, 0);
+    int fd2 = android_res_nquery(
+            NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED, "www.youtube.com", ns_c_in, ns_t_a, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(fd2, 0);
+    expectAnswersValid(fd2, AF_INET, ns_r_noerror);
+    expectAnswersValid(fd1, AF_INET, ns_r_noerror);
+
+    // V6
+    fd1 = android_res_nquery(
+            NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED, "www.google.com", ns_c_in, ns_t_aaaa, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(fd1, 0);
+    fd2 = android_res_nquery(
+            NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED, "www.youtube.com", ns_c_in, ns_t_aaaa, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(fd2, 0);
+    expectAnswersValid(fd2, AF_INET6, ns_r_noerror);
+    expectAnswersValid(fd1, AF_INET6, ns_r_noerror);
+}
+
+TEST (NativeDnsAsyncTest, Async_Send) {
+    // V4
+    uint8_t buf1[MAXPACKET] = {};
+    int len1 = res_mkquery(ns_o_query, "www.googleapis.com",
+            ns_c_in, ns_t_a, nullptr, 0, nullptr, buf1, sizeof(buf1));
+    EXPECT_GT(len1, 0);
+
+    uint8_t buf2[MAXPACKET] = {};
+    int len2 = res_mkquery(ns_o_query, "play.googleapis.com",
+            ns_c_in, ns_t_a, nullptr, 0, nullptr, buf2, sizeof(buf2));
+    EXPECT_GT(len2, 0);
+
+    int fd1 = android_res_nsend(NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED, buf1, len1, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(fd1, 0);
+    int fd2 = android_res_nsend(NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED, buf2, len2, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(fd2, 0);
+
+    expectAnswersValid(fd2, AF_INET, ns_r_noerror);
+    expectAnswersValid(fd1, AF_INET, ns_r_noerror);
+
+    // V6
+    memset(buf1, 0, sizeof(buf1));
+    memset(buf2, 0, sizeof(buf2));
+    len1 = res_mkquery(ns_o_query, "www.googleapis.com",
+            ns_c_in, ns_t_aaaa, nullptr, 0, nullptr, buf1, sizeof(buf1));
+    EXPECT_GT(len1, 0);
+    len2 = res_mkquery(ns_o_query, "play.googleapis.com",
+            ns_c_in, ns_t_aaaa, nullptr, 0, nullptr, buf2, sizeof(buf2));
+    EXPECT_GT(len2, 0);
+
+    fd1 = android_res_nsend(NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED, buf1, len1, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(fd1, 0);
+    fd2 = android_res_nsend(NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED, buf2, len2, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(fd2, 0);
+
+    expectAnswersValid(fd2, AF_INET6, ns_r_noerror);
+    expectAnswersValid(fd1, AF_INET6, ns_r_noerror);
+}
+
+TEST (NativeDnsAsyncTest, Async_NXDOMAIN) {
+    uint8_t buf[MAXPACKET] = {};
+    int len = res_mkquery(ns_o_query, "test1-nx.metric.gstatic.com",
+            ns_c_in, ns_t_a, nullptr, 0, nullptr, buf, sizeof(buf));
+    EXPECT_GT(len, 0);
+    int fd1 = android_res_nsend(NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED, buf, len, ANDROID_RESOLV_NO_CACHE_LOOKUP);
+    EXPECT_GE(fd1, 0);
+
+    len = res_mkquery(ns_o_query, "test2-nx.metric.gstatic.com",
+            ns_c_in, ns_t_a, nullptr, 0, nullptr, buf, sizeof(buf));
+    EXPECT_GT(len, 0);
+    int fd2 = android_res_nsend(NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED, buf, len, ANDROID_RESOLV_NO_CACHE_LOOKUP);
+    EXPECT_GE(fd2, 0);
+
+    expectAnswersValid(fd2, AF_INET, ns_r_nxdomain);
+    expectAnswersValid(fd1, AF_INET, ns_r_nxdomain);
+
+    fd1 = android_res_nquery(
+            NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED, "test3-nx.metric.gstatic.com",
+            ns_c_in, ns_t_aaaa, ANDROID_RESOLV_NO_CACHE_LOOKUP);
+    EXPECT_GE(fd1, 0);
+    fd2 = android_res_nquery(
+            NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED, "test4-nx.metric.gstatic.com",
+            ns_c_in, ns_t_aaaa, ANDROID_RESOLV_NO_CACHE_LOOKUP);
+    EXPECT_GE(fd2, 0);
+    expectAnswersValid(fd2, AF_INET6, ns_r_nxdomain);
+    expectAnswersValid(fd1, AF_INET6, ns_r_nxdomain);
+}
+
+TEST (NativeDnsAsyncTest, Async_Cancel) {
+    int fd = android_res_nquery(
+            NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED, "www.google.com", ns_c_in, ns_t_a, 0);
+    errno = 0;
+    android_res_cancel(fd);
+    int err = errno;
+    EXPECT_EQ(err, 0);
+    // DO NOT call cancel or result with the same fd more than once,
+    // otherwise it will hit fdsan double-close fd.
+}
+
+TEST (NativeDnsAsyncTest, Async_Query_MALFORMED) {
+    // Empty string to create BLOB and query, we will get empty result and rcode = 0
+    // on DNSTLS.
+    int fd = android_res_nquery(
+            NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED, "", ns_c_in, ns_t_a, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(fd, 0);
+    expectAnswersValid(fd, AF_INET, ns_r_noerror);
+
+    std::string exceedingLabelQuery = "www." + std::string(70, 'g') + ".com";
+    std::string exceedingDomainQuery = "www." + std::string(255, 'g') + ".com";
+
+    fd = android_res_nquery(NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED,
+            exceedingLabelQuery.c_str(), ns_c_in, ns_t_a, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(-EMSGSIZE, fd);
+    fd = android_res_nquery(NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED,
+            exceedingDomainQuery.c_str(), ns_c_in, ns_t_a, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(-EMSGSIZE, fd);
+}
+
+TEST (NativeDnsAsyncTest, Async_Send_MALFORMED) {
+    uint8_t buf[10] = {};
+    // empty BLOB
+    int fd = android_res_nsend(NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED, buf, 10, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(fd, 0);
+    expectAnswersNotValid(fd, -EINVAL);
+
+    std::vector<uint8_t> largeBuf(2 * MAXPACKET, 0);
+    // A buffer larger than 8KB
+    fd = android_res_nsend(
+            NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED, largeBuf.data(), largeBuf.size(), 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(-EMSGSIZE, fd);
+
+    // 5000 bytes filled with 0. This returns EMSGSIZE because FrameworkListener limits the size of
+    // commands to 4096 bytes.
+    fd = android_res_nsend(NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED, largeBuf.data(), 5000, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(-EMSGSIZE, fd);
+
+    // 500 bytes filled with 0
+    fd = android_res_nsend(NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED, largeBuf.data(), 500, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(fd, 0);
+    expectAnswersNotValid(fd, -EINVAL);
+
+    // 5000 bytes filled with 0xFF
+    std::vector<uint8_t> ffBuf(5000, 0xFF);
+    fd = android_res_nsend(
+            NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED, ffBuf.data(), ffBuf.size(), 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(-EMSGSIZE, fd);
+
+    // 500 bytes filled with 0xFF
+    fd = android_res_nsend(NETWORK_UNSPECIFIED, ffBuf.data(), 500, 0);
+    EXPECT_GE(fd, 0);
+    expectAnswersNotValid(fd, -EINVAL);
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/native/src/BpfCompatTest.cpp b/tests/cts/net/native/src/BpfCompatTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..97ecb9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/native/src/BpfCompatTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless requied by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "BpfCompatTest"
+
+#include <fstream>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "android-modules-utils/sdk_level.h"
+
+#include "libbpf_android.h"
+
+using namespace android::bpf;
+
+void doBpfStructSizeTest(const char *elfPath) {
+  std::ifstream elfFile(elfPath, std::ios::in | std::ios::binary);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elfFile.is_open());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(48, readSectionUint("size_of_bpf_map_def", elfFile, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(28, readSectionUint("size_of_bpf_prog_def", elfFile, 0));
+}
+
+TEST(BpfTest, bpfStructSizeTestPreT) {
+  if (android::modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastT()) GTEST_SKIP() << "T+ device.";
+  doBpfStructSizeTest("/system/etc/bpf/netd.o");
+  doBpfStructSizeTest("/system/etc/bpf/clatd.o");
+}
+
+TEST(BpfTest, bpfStructSizeTest) {
+  doBpfStructSizeTest("/system/etc/bpf/gpu_mem.o");
+  doBpfStructSizeTest("/system/etc/bpf/time_in_state.o");
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/BatteryStatsManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/BatteryStatsManagerTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b2a1ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/BatteryStatsManagerTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import static android.Manifest.permission.UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_TELEPHONY;
+
+import static androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry.getContext;
+
+import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.runShellCommand;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertThrows;
+import static com.android.testutils.TestPermissionUtil.runAsShell;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils;
+import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
+import android.os.BatteryStatsManager;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.connectivity.CellularBatteryStats;
+import android.os.connectivity.WifiBatteryStats;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.RequiresDevice;
+import androidx.test.filters.SdkSuppress;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+
+/**
+ * Test for BatteryStatsManager.
+ */
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SdkSuppress(minSdkVersion = Build.VERSION_CODES.R) // BatteryStatsManager did not exist on Q
+public class BatteryStatsManagerTest{
+    @Rule
+    public final DevSdkIgnoreRule ignoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
+    private static final String TAG = BatteryStatsManagerTest.class.getSimpleName();
+    private static final String TEST_URL = "https://connectivitycheck.gstatic.com/generate_204";
+    // This value should be the same as BatteryStatsManager.BATTERY_STATUS_DISCHARGING.
+    // TODO: Use the constant once it's available in all branches
+    private static final int BATTERY_STATUS_DISCHARGING = 3;
+
+    private Context mContext;
+    private BatteryStatsManager mBsm;
+    private ConnectivityManager mCm;
+    private WifiManager mWm;
+    private PackageManager mPm;
+    private CtsNetUtils mCtsNetUtils;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        mContext = getContext();
+        mBsm = mContext.getSystemService(BatteryStatsManager.class);
+        mCm = mContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
+        mWm = mContext.getSystemService(WifiManager.class);
+        mPm = mContext.getPackageManager();
+        mCtsNetUtils = new CtsNetUtils(mContext);
+    }
+
+    // reportNetworkInterfaceForTransports classifies one network interface as wifi or mobile, so
+    // check that the interface is classified properly by checking the data usage is reported
+    // properly.
+    @Test
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE to request wifi/cell in instant mode")
+    @RequiresDevice // Virtual hardware does not support wifi battery stats
+    public void testReportNetworkInterfaceForTransports() throws Exception {
+        try {
+            // Simulate the device being unplugged from charging.
+            executeShellCommand("cmd battery unplug");
+            executeShellCommand("cmd battery set status " + BATTERY_STATUS_DISCHARGING);
+            // Reset all current stats before starting test.
+            executeShellCommand("dumpsys batterystats --reset");
+            // Do not automatically reset the stats when the devices are unplugging after the
+            // battery was last full or the level is 100, or have gone through a significant
+            // charge.
+            executeShellCommand("dumpsys batterystats enable no-auto-reset");
+            // Upon calling "cmd battery unplug" a task is scheduled on the battery
+            // stats worker thread. Because network battery stats are only recorded
+            // when the device is on battery, this test needs to wait until the
+            // battery status is recorded because causing traffic.
+            // Writing stats to disk is unnecessary, but --write waits for the worker
+            // thread to finish processing the enqueued tasks as a side effect. This
+            // side effect is the point of using --write here.
+            executeShellCommand("dumpsys batterystats --write");
+
+            // Make sure wifi is disabled.
+            mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiDisconnected(null /* wifiNetworkToCheck */);
+
+            verifyGetCellBatteryStats();
+            verifyGetWifiBatteryStats();
+
+        } finally {
+            // Reset battery settings.
+            executeShellCommand("dumpsys batterystats disable no-auto-reset");
+            executeShellCommand("cmd battery reset");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void verifyGetCellBatteryStats() throws Exception {
+        final boolean isTelephonySupported = mPm.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_TELEPHONY);
+
+        if (!isTelephonySupported) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "Skip cell battery stats test because device does not support telephony.");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final Network cellNetwork = mCtsNetUtils.connectToCell();
+        final URL url = new URL(TEST_URL);
+
+        // Get cellular battery stats
+        CellularBatteryStats cellularStatsBefore = runAsShell(UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS,
+                mBsm::getCellularBatteryStats);
+
+        // Generate traffic on cellular network.
+        Log.d(TAG, "Generate traffic on cellular network.");
+        generateNetworkTraffic(cellNetwork, url);
+
+        // The mobile battery stats are updated when a network stops being the default network.
+        // ConnectivityService will call BatteryStatsManager.reportMobileRadioPowerState when
+        // removing data activity tracking.
+        mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
+
+        // Check cellular battery stats are updated.
+        runAsShell(UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS,
+                () -> assertStatsEventually(mBsm::getCellularBatteryStats,
+                    cellularStatsAfter -> cellularBatteryStatsIncreased(
+                    cellularStatsBefore, cellularStatsAfter)));
+    }
+
+    private void verifyGetWifiBatteryStats() throws Exception {
+        final Network wifiNetwork = mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
+        final URL url = new URL(TEST_URL);
+
+        if (!mWm.isEnhancedPowerReportingSupported()) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "Skip wifi stats test because wifi does not support link layer stats.");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        WifiBatteryStats wifiStatsBefore = runAsShell(UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS,
+                mBsm::getWifiBatteryStats);
+
+        // Generate traffic on wifi network.
+        Log.d(TAG, "Generate traffic on wifi network.");
+        generateNetworkTraffic(wifiNetwork, url);
+        // Wifi battery stats are updated when wifi on.
+        mCtsNetUtils.toggleWifi();
+
+        // Check wifi battery stats are updated.
+        runAsShell(UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS,
+                () -> assertStatsEventually(mBsm::getWifiBatteryStats,
+                    wifiStatsAfter -> wifiBatteryStatsIncreased(wifiStatsBefore,
+                    wifiStatsAfter)));
+    }
+
+    @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get WifiManager in instant app mode")
+    @Test
+    public void testReportNetworkInterfaceForTransports_throwsSecurityException()
+            throws Exception {
+        Network wifiNetwork = mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
+        final String iface = mCm.getLinkProperties(wifiNetwork).getInterfaceName();
+        final int[] transportType = mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(wifiNetwork).getTransportTypes();
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class,
+                () -> mBsm.reportNetworkInterfaceForTransports(iface, transportType));
+    }
+
+    private void generateNetworkTraffic(Network network, URL url) throws IOException {
+        HttpURLConnection connection = null;
+        try {
+            connection = (HttpURLConnection) network.openConnection(url);
+            assertEquals(204, connection.getResponseCode());
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Generate traffic failed with exception " + e);
+        } finally {
+            if (connection != null) {
+                connection.disconnect();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static <T> void assertStatsEventually(Supplier<T> statsGetter,
+            Predicate<T> statsChecker) throws Exception {
+        // Wait for updating mobile/wifi stats, and check stats every 10ms.
+        final int maxTries = 1000;
+        T result = null;
+        for (int i = 1; i <= maxTries; i++) {
+            result = statsGetter.get();
+            if (statsChecker.test(result)) return;
+            Thread.sleep(10);
+        }
+        final String stats = result instanceof CellularBatteryStats
+                ? "Cellular" : "Wifi";
+        fail(stats + " battery stats did not increase.");
+    }
+
+    private static boolean cellularBatteryStatsIncreased(CellularBatteryStats before,
+            CellularBatteryStats after) {
+        return (after.getNumBytesTx() > before.getNumBytesTx())
+                && (after.getNumBytesRx() > before.getNumBytesRx())
+                && (after.getNumPacketsTx() > before.getNumPacketsTx())
+                && (after.getNumPacketsRx() > before.getNumPacketsRx());
+    }
+
+    private static boolean wifiBatteryStatsIncreased(WifiBatteryStats before,
+            WifiBatteryStats after) {
+        return (after.getNumBytesTx() > before.getNumBytesTx())
+                && (after.getNumBytesRx() > before.getNumBytesRx())
+                && (after.getNumPacketsTx() > before.getNumPacketsTx())
+                && (after.getNumPacketsRx() > before.getNumPacketsRx());
+    }
+
+    private static String executeShellCommand(String command) {
+        final String result = runShellCommand(command).trim();
+        Log.d(TAG, "Output of '" + command + "': '" + result + "'");
+        return result;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/CaptivePortalTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/CaptivePortalTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0344604
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/CaptivePortalTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts
+
+import android.Manifest.permission.CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL
+import android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS
+import android.Manifest.permission.READ_DEVICE_CONFIG
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_TELEPHONY
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_WATCH
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback
+import android.net.Network
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI
+import android.net.NetworkRequest
+import android.net.Uri
+import android.net.cts.NetworkValidationTestUtil.clearValidationTestUrlsDeviceConfig
+import android.net.cts.NetworkValidationTestUtil.setHttpUrlDeviceConfig
+import android.net.cts.NetworkValidationTestUtil.setHttpsUrlDeviceConfig
+import android.net.cts.NetworkValidationTestUtil.setUrlExpirationDeviceConfig
+import android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils
+import android.net.util.NetworkStackUtils.TEST_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_HTTPS_URL
+import android.net.util.NetworkStackUtils.TEST_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_HTTP_URL
+import android.os.Build
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull
+import android.provider.DeviceConfig
+import android.provider.DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY
+import android.text.TextUtils
+import android.util.Log
+import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
+import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback
+import com.android.testutils.TestHttpServer
+import com.android.testutils.TestHttpServer.Request
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
+import com.android.testutils.isDevSdkInRange
+import com.android.testutils.runAsShell
+import fi.iki.elonen.NanoHTTPD.Response.Status
+import junit.framework.AssertionFailedError
+import org.junit.After
+import org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue
+import org.junit.Assume.assumeFalse
+import org.junit.Before
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException
+import kotlin.test.Test
+import kotlin.test.assertNotEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
+import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+
+private const val TEST_HTTPS_URL_PATH = "/https_path"
+private const val TEST_HTTP_URL_PATH = "/http_path"
+private const val TEST_PORTAL_URL_PATH = "/portal_path"
+
+private const val LOCALHOST_HOSTNAME = "localhost"
+
+// Re-connecting to the AP, obtaining an IP address, revalidating can take a long time
+private const val WIFI_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS = 40_000L
+private const val TEST_TIMEOUT_MS = 20_000L
+
+private const val TAG = "CaptivePortalTest"
+
+private fun <T> CompletableFuture<T>.assertGet(timeoutMs: Long, message: String): T {
+    try {
+        return get(timeoutMs, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
+    } catch (e: TimeoutException) {
+        throw AssertionFailedError(message)
+    }
+}
+
+@AppModeFull(reason = "WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG permission can't be granted to instant apps")
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+class CaptivePortalTest {
+    private val context: android.content.Context by lazy { getInstrumentation().context }
+    private val cm by lazy { context.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager::class.java) }
+    private val pm by lazy { context.packageManager }
+    private val utils by lazy { CtsNetUtils(context) }
+
+    private val server = TestHttpServer("localhost")
+
+    @Before
+    fun setUp() {
+        runAsShell(READ_DEVICE_CONFIG) {
+            // Verify that the test URLs are not normally set on the device, but do not fail if the
+            // test URLs are set to what this test uses (URLs on localhost), in case the test was
+            // interrupted manually and rerun.
+            assertEmptyOrLocalhostUrl(TEST_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_HTTPS_URL)
+            assertEmptyOrLocalhostUrl(TEST_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_HTTP_URL)
+        }
+        clearValidationTestUrlsDeviceConfig()
+        server.start()
+    }
+
+    @After
+    fun tearDown() {
+        clearValidationTestUrlsDeviceConfig()
+        if (pm.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI)) {
+            reconnectWifi()
+        }
+        server.stop()
+    }
+
+    private fun assertEmptyOrLocalhostUrl(urlKey: String) {
+        val url = DeviceConfig.getProperty(NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY, urlKey)
+        assertTrue(TextUtils.isEmpty(url) || LOCALHOST_HOSTNAME == Uri.parse(url).host,
+                "$urlKey must not be set in production scenarios (current value: $url)")
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testCaptivePortalIsNotDefaultNetwork() {
+        assumeTrue(pm.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_TELEPHONY))
+        assumeTrue(pm.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI))
+        assumeFalse(pm.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WATCH))
+        utils.ensureWifiConnected()
+        val cellNetwork = utils.connectToCell()
+
+        // Verify cell network is validated
+        val cellReq = NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .build()
+        val cellCb = TestableNetworkCallback(timeoutMs = TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        cm.registerNetworkCallback(cellReq, cellCb)
+        val cb = cellCb.eventuallyExpectOrNull<RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.CapabilitiesChanged> {
+            it.network == cellNetwork && it.caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED)
+        }
+        assertNotNull(cb, "Mobile network $cellNetwork has no access to the internet. " +
+                "Check the mobile data connection.")
+
+        // Have network validation use a local server that serves a HTTPS error / HTTP redirect
+        server.addResponse(Request(TEST_PORTAL_URL_PATH), Status.OK,
+                content = "Test captive portal content")
+        server.addResponse(Request(TEST_HTTPS_URL_PATH), Status.INTERNAL_ERROR)
+        val headers = mapOf("Location" to makeUrl(TEST_PORTAL_URL_PATH))
+        server.addResponse(Request(TEST_HTTP_URL_PATH), Status.REDIRECT, headers)
+        setHttpsUrlDeviceConfig(makeUrl(TEST_HTTPS_URL_PATH))
+        setHttpUrlDeviceConfig(makeUrl(TEST_HTTP_URL_PATH))
+        Log.d(TAG, "Set portal URLs to $TEST_HTTPS_URL_PATH and $TEST_HTTP_URL_PATH")
+        // URL expiration needs to be in the next 10 minutes
+        assertTrue(WIFI_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS < TimeUnit.MINUTES.toMillis(10))
+        setUrlExpirationDeviceConfig(System.currentTimeMillis() + WIFI_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS)
+
+        // Wait for a captive portal to be detected on the network
+        val wifiNetworkFuture = CompletableFuture<Network>()
+        val wifiCb = object : NetworkCallback() {
+            override fun onCapabilitiesChanged(
+                network: Network,
+                nc: NetworkCapabilities
+            ) {
+                if (nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL)) {
+                    wifiNetworkFuture.complete(network)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        cm.requestNetwork(NetworkRequest.Builder().addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI).build(), wifiCb)
+
+        try {
+            reconnectWifi()
+            val network = wifiNetworkFuture.assertGet(WIFI_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS,
+                    "Captive portal not detected after ${WIFI_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS}ms")
+
+            val wifiDefaultMessage = "Wifi should not be the default network when a captive " +
+                    "portal was detected and another network (mobile data) can provide internet " +
+                    "access."
+            assertNotEquals(network, cm.activeNetwork, wifiDefaultMessage)
+
+            val startPortalAppPermission =
+                    if (isDevSdkInRange(0, Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)) CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL
+                    else NETWORK_SETTINGS
+            runAsShell(startPortalAppPermission) { cm.startCaptivePortalApp(network) }
+
+            // Expect the portal content to be fetched at some point after detecting the portal.
+            // Some implementations may fetch the URL before startCaptivePortalApp is called.
+            assertNotNull(server.requestsRecord.poll(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS, pos = 0) {
+                it.path == TEST_PORTAL_URL_PATH
+            }, "The captive portal login page was still not fetched ${TEST_TIMEOUT_MS}ms " +
+                    "after startCaptivePortalApp.")
+
+            assertNotEquals(network, cm.activeNetwork, wifiDefaultMessage)
+        } finally {
+            cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(wifiCb)
+            server.stop()
+            // disconnectFromCell should be called after connectToCell
+            utils.disconnectFromCell()
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a URL string that, when fetched, will hit the test server with the given URL [path].
+     */
+    private fun makeUrl(path: String) = "http://localhost:${server.listeningPort}" + path
+
+    private fun reconnectWifi() {
+        utils.ensureWifiDisconnected(null /* wifiNetworkToCheck */)
+        utils.ensureWifiConnected()
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManagerTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..68fa38d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManagerTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,679 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_TELEPHONY;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityReport;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityReport.KEY_NETWORK_PROBES_ATTEMPTED_BITMASK;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityReport.KEY_NETWORK_PROBES_SUCCEEDED_BITMASK;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityReport.KEY_NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityReport.NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_SKIPPED;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityReport.NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_VALID;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.DataStallReport;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.DataStallReport.DETECTION_METHOD_DNS_EVENTS;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.DataStallReport.DETECTION_METHOD_TCP_METRICS;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.DataStallReport.KEY_DNS_CONSECUTIVE_TIMEOUTS;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.DataStallReport.KEY_TCP_METRICS_COLLECTION_PERIOD_MILLIS;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.DataStallReport.KEY_TCP_PACKET_FAIL_RATE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.persistableBundleEquals;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST;
+import static android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils.TestNetworkCallback;
+
+import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.callWithShellPermissionIdentity;
+import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.runWithShellPermissionIdentity;
+import static com.android.testutils.Cleanup.testAndCleanup;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.IntentFilter;
+import android.content.pm.PackageInfo;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.net.TestNetworkInterface;
+import android.net.TestNetworkManager;
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.os.PersistableBundle;
+import android.os.Process;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
+import android.telephony.CarrierConfigManager;
+import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager;
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
+import android.util.Pair;
+
+import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
+
+import com.android.internal.telephony.uicc.IccUtils;
+import com.android.internal.util.ArrayUtils;
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+import com.android.net.module.util.ArrayTrackRecord;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.security.MessageDigest;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) // ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager did not exist in Q
+@AppModeFull(reason = "CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE, MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS not grantable to instant apps")
+public class ConnectivityDiagnosticsManagerTest {
+    private static final int CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MILLIS = 5000;
+    private static final int NO_CALLBACK_INVOKED_TIMEOUT = 500;
+    private static final long TIMESTAMP = 123456789L;
+    private static final int DNS_CONSECUTIVE_TIMEOUTS = 5;
+    private static final int COLLECTION_PERIOD_MILLIS = 5000;
+    private static final int FAIL_RATE_PERCENTAGE = 100;
+    private static final int UNKNOWN_DETECTION_METHOD = 4;
+    private static final int FILTERED_UNKNOWN_DETECTION_METHOD = 0;
+    private static final int CARRIER_CONFIG_CHANGED_BROADCAST_TIMEOUT = 5000;
+    private static final int DELAY_FOR_ADMIN_UIDS_MILLIS = 2000;
+
+    private static final Executor INLINE_EXECUTOR = x -> x.run();
+
+    private static final NetworkRequest TEST_NETWORK_REQUEST =
+            new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                    .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                    .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+                    .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
+                    .build();
+
+    private static final String SHA_256 = "SHA-256";
+
+    private static final NetworkRequest CELLULAR_NETWORK_REQUEST =
+            new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                    .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                    .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                    .build();
+
+    private static final IBinder BINDER = new Binder();
+
+    // Lock for accessing Shell Permissions. Use of this lock around adoptShellPermissionIdentity,
+    // runWithShellPermissionIdentity, and callWithShellPermissionIdentity ensures Shell Permission
+    // is not interrupted by another operation (which would drop all previously adopted
+    // permissions).
+    private Object mShellPermissionsIdentityLock = new Object();
+
+    private Context mContext;
+    private ConnectivityManager mConnectivityManager;
+    private ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager mCdm;
+    private CarrierConfigManager mCarrierConfigManager;
+    private PackageManager mPackageManager;
+    private TelephonyManager mTelephonyManager;
+
+    // Callback used to keep TestNetworks up when there are no other outstanding NetworkRequests
+    // for it.
+    private TestNetworkCallback mTestNetworkCallback;
+    private Network mTestNetwork;
+    private ParcelFileDescriptor mTestNetworkFD;
+
+    private List<TestConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback> mRegisteredCallbacks;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        mContext = InstrumentationRegistry.getContext();
+        mConnectivityManager = mContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
+        mCdm = mContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.class);
+        mCarrierConfigManager = mContext.getSystemService(CarrierConfigManager.class);
+        mPackageManager = mContext.getPackageManager();
+        mTelephonyManager = mContext.getSystemService(TelephonyManager.class);
+
+        mTestNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mConnectivityManager.requestNetwork(TEST_NETWORK_REQUEST, mTestNetworkCallback);
+
+        mRegisteredCallbacks = new ArrayList<>();
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        mConnectivityManager.unregisterNetworkCallback(mTestNetworkCallback);
+        if (mTestNetwork != null) {
+            runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> {
+                final TestNetworkManager tnm = mContext.getSystemService(TestNetworkManager.class);
+                tnm.teardownTestNetwork(mTestNetwork);
+            });
+            mTestNetwork = null;
+        }
+
+        if (mTestNetworkFD != null) {
+            mTestNetworkFD.close();
+            mTestNetworkFD = null;
+        }
+
+        for (TestConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback cb : mRegisteredCallbacks) {
+            mCdm.unregisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(cb);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRegisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback() throws Exception {
+        mTestNetworkFD = setUpTestNetwork().getFileDescriptor();
+        mTestNetwork = mTestNetworkCallback.waitForAvailable();
+
+        final TestConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback cb =
+                createAndRegisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(TEST_NETWORK_REQUEST);
+
+        final String interfaceName =
+                mConnectivityManager.getLinkProperties(mTestNetwork).getInterfaceName();
+
+        cb.expectOnConnectivityReportAvailable(mTestNetwork, interfaceName);
+        cb.assertNoCallback();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRegisterCallbackWithCarrierPrivileges() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_TELEPHONY));
+
+        final int subId = SubscriptionManager.getDefaultSubscriptionId();
+        if (subId == SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID) {
+            fail("Need an active subscription. Please ensure that the device has working mobile"
+                    + " data.");
+        }
+
+        final CarrierConfigReceiver carrierConfigReceiver = new CarrierConfigReceiver(subId);
+        mContext.registerReceiver(
+                carrierConfigReceiver,
+                new IntentFilter(CarrierConfigManager.ACTION_CARRIER_CONFIG_CHANGED));
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback testNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+
+        testAndCleanup(() -> {
+            doBroadcastCarrierConfigsAndVerifyOnConnectivityReportAvailable(
+                    subId, carrierConfigReceiver, testNetworkCallback);
+        }, () -> {
+            runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
+                    () -> mCarrierConfigManager.overrideConfig(subId, null),
+                    android.Manifest.permission.MODIFY_PHONE_STATE);
+            mConnectivityManager.unregisterNetworkCallback(testNetworkCallback);
+            mContext.unregisterReceiver(carrierConfigReceiver);
+            });
+    }
+
+    private String getCertHashForThisPackage() throws Exception {
+        final PackageInfo pkgInfo =
+                mPackageManager.getPackageInfo(
+                        mContext.getOpPackageName(), PackageManager.GET_SIGNATURES);
+        final MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance(SHA_256);
+        final byte[] certHash = md.digest(pkgInfo.signatures[0].toByteArray());
+        return IccUtils.bytesToHexString(certHash);
+    }
+
+    private void doBroadcastCarrierConfigsAndVerifyOnConnectivityReportAvailable(
+            int subId,
+            @NonNull CarrierConfigReceiver carrierConfigReceiver,
+            @NonNull TestNetworkCallback testNetworkCallback)
+            throws Exception {
+        final PersistableBundle carrierConfigs = new PersistableBundle();
+        carrierConfigs.putStringArray(
+                CarrierConfigManager.KEY_CARRIER_CERTIFICATE_STRING_ARRAY,
+                new String[] {getCertHashForThisPackage()});
+
+        synchronized (mShellPermissionsIdentityLock) {
+            runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
+                    () -> {
+                        mCarrierConfigManager.overrideConfig(subId, carrierConfigs);
+                        mCarrierConfigManager.notifyConfigChangedForSubId(subId);
+                    },
+                    android.Manifest.permission.MODIFY_PHONE_STATE);
+        }
+
+        // TODO(b/157779832): This should use android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE. However, the
+        // shell does not have CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE, so use CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL until the shell
+        // permissions are updated.
+        synchronized (mShellPermissionsIdentityLock) {
+            runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
+                    () -> mConnectivityManager.requestNetwork(
+                            CELLULAR_NETWORK_REQUEST, testNetworkCallback),
+                    android.Manifest.permission.CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL);
+        }
+
+        final Network network = testNetworkCallback.waitForAvailable();
+        assertNotNull(network);
+
+        assertTrue("Didn't receive broadcast for ACTION_CARRIER_CONFIG_CHANGED for subId=" + subId,
+                carrierConfigReceiver.waitForCarrierConfigChanged());
+
+        // Wait for CarrierPrivilegesTracker to receive the ACTION_CARRIER_CONFIG_CHANGED
+        // broadcast. CPT then needs to update the corresponding DataConnection, which then
+        // updates ConnectivityService. Unfortunately, this update to the NetworkCapabilities in
+        // CS does not trigger NetworkCallback#onCapabilitiesChanged as changing the
+        // administratorUids is not a publicly visible change. In lieu of a better signal to
+        // deterministically wait for, use Thread#sleep here.
+        // TODO(b/157949581): replace this Thread#sleep with a deterministic signal
+        Thread.sleep(DELAY_FOR_ADMIN_UIDS_MILLIS);
+
+        // TODO(b/217559768): Receiving carrier config change and immediately checking carrier
+        //  privileges is racy, as the CP status is updated after receiving the same signal. Move
+        //  the CP check after sleep to temporarily reduce the flakiness. This will soon be fixed
+        //  by switching to CarrierPrivilegesListener.
+        assertTrue("Don't have Carrier Privileges after adding cert for this package",
+                mTelephonyManager.createForSubscriptionId(subId).hasCarrierPrivileges());
+
+        final TestConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback connDiagsCallback =
+                createAndRegisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(CELLULAR_NETWORK_REQUEST);
+
+        final String interfaceName =
+                mConnectivityManager.getLinkProperties(network).getInterfaceName();
+        connDiagsCallback.maybeVerifyConnectivityReportAvailable(
+                network, interfaceName, TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_VALID);
+        connDiagsCallback.assertNoCallback();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRegisterDuplicateConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback() {
+        final TestConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback cb =
+                createAndRegisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(TEST_NETWORK_REQUEST);
+
+        try {
+            mCdm.registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(TEST_NETWORK_REQUEST, INLINE_EXECUTOR, cb);
+            fail("Registering the same callback twice should throw an IllegalArgumentException");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUnregisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback() {
+        final TestConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback cb = new TestConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback();
+        mCdm.registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(TEST_NETWORK_REQUEST, INLINE_EXECUTOR, cb);
+        mCdm.unregisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(cb);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUnregisterUnknownConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback() {
+        // Expected to silently ignore the unregister() call
+        mCdm.unregisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(new TestConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOnConnectivityReportAvailable() throws Exception {
+        final TestConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback cb =
+                createAndRegisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(TEST_NETWORK_REQUEST);
+
+        mTestNetworkFD = setUpTestNetwork().getFileDescriptor();
+        mTestNetwork = mTestNetworkCallback.waitForAvailable();
+
+        final String interfaceName =
+                mConnectivityManager.getLinkProperties(mTestNetwork).getInterfaceName();
+
+        cb.expectOnConnectivityReportAvailable(mTestNetwork, interfaceName);
+        cb.assertNoCallback();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOnDataStallSuspected_DnsEvents() throws Exception {
+        final PersistableBundle extras = new PersistableBundle();
+        extras.putInt(KEY_DNS_CONSECUTIVE_TIMEOUTS, DNS_CONSECUTIVE_TIMEOUTS);
+
+        verifyOnDataStallSuspected(DETECTION_METHOD_DNS_EVENTS, TIMESTAMP, extras);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOnDataStallSuspected_TcpMetrics() throws Exception {
+        final PersistableBundle extras = new PersistableBundle();
+        extras.putInt(KEY_TCP_METRICS_COLLECTION_PERIOD_MILLIS, COLLECTION_PERIOD_MILLIS);
+        extras.putInt(KEY_TCP_PACKET_FAIL_RATE, FAIL_RATE_PERCENTAGE);
+
+        verifyOnDataStallSuspected(DETECTION_METHOD_TCP_METRICS, TIMESTAMP, extras);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOnDataStallSuspected_UnknownDetectionMethod() throws Exception {
+        verifyOnDataStallSuspected(
+                UNKNOWN_DETECTION_METHOD,
+                FILTERED_UNKNOWN_DETECTION_METHOD,
+                TIMESTAMP,
+                PersistableBundle.EMPTY);
+    }
+
+    private void verifyOnDataStallSuspected(
+            int detectionMethod, long timestampMillis, @NonNull PersistableBundle extras)
+            throws Exception {
+        // Input detection method is expected to match received detection method
+        verifyOnDataStallSuspected(detectionMethod, detectionMethod, timestampMillis, extras);
+    }
+
+    private void verifyOnDataStallSuspected(
+            int inputDetectionMethod,
+            int expectedDetectionMethod,
+            long timestampMillis,
+            @NonNull PersistableBundle extras)
+            throws Exception {
+        mTestNetworkFD = setUpTestNetwork().getFileDescriptor();
+        mTestNetwork = mTestNetworkCallback.waitForAvailable();
+
+        final TestConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback cb =
+                createAndRegisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(TEST_NETWORK_REQUEST);
+
+        final String interfaceName =
+                mConnectivityManager.getLinkProperties(mTestNetwork).getInterfaceName();
+
+        cb.expectOnConnectivityReportAvailable(mTestNetwork, interfaceName);
+
+        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
+                () -> mConnectivityManager.simulateDataStall(
+                        inputDetectionMethod, timestampMillis, mTestNetwork, extras),
+                android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS);
+
+        cb.expectOnDataStallSuspected(
+                mTestNetwork, interfaceName, expectedDetectionMethod, timestampMillis, extras);
+        cb.assertNoCallback();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOnNetworkConnectivityReportedTrue() throws Exception {
+        verifyOnNetworkConnectivityReported(true /* hasConnectivity */);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOnNetworkConnectivityReportedFalse() throws Exception {
+        verifyOnNetworkConnectivityReported(false /* hasConnectivity */);
+    }
+
+    private void verifyOnNetworkConnectivityReported(boolean hasConnectivity) throws Exception {
+        mTestNetworkFD = setUpTestNetwork().getFileDescriptor();
+        mTestNetwork = mTestNetworkCallback.waitForAvailable();
+
+        final TestConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback cb =
+                createAndRegisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(TEST_NETWORK_REQUEST);
+
+        // onConnectivityReportAvailable always invoked when the test network is established
+        final String interfaceName =
+                mConnectivityManager.getLinkProperties(mTestNetwork).getInterfaceName();
+        cb.expectOnConnectivityReportAvailable(mTestNetwork, interfaceName);
+        cb.assertNoCallback();
+
+        mConnectivityManager.reportNetworkConnectivity(mTestNetwork, hasConnectivity);
+
+        cb.expectOnNetworkConnectivityReported(mTestNetwork, hasConnectivity);
+
+        // All calls to #onNetworkConnectivityReported are expected to be accompanied by a call to
+        // #onConnectivityReportAvailable for T+ (for R, ConnectivityReports were only sent when the
+        // Network was re-validated - when reported connectivity != known connectivity). On S,
+        // recent module versions will have the callback, but not the earliest ones.
+        if (!hasConnectivity) {
+            cb.expectOnConnectivityReportAvailable(mTestNetwork, interfaceName);
+        } else if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastS()) {
+            cb.maybeVerifyConnectivityReportAvailable(mTestNetwork, interfaceName, TRANSPORT_TEST,
+                    getPossibleDiagnosticsValidationResults(),
+                    SdkLevel.isAtLeastT() /* requireCallbackFired */);
+        }
+
+        cb.assertNoCallback();
+    }
+
+    private TestConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback createAndRegisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(
+            NetworkRequest request) {
+        final TestConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback cb = new TestConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback();
+        mCdm.registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(request, INLINE_EXECUTOR, cb);
+        mRegisteredCallbacks.add(cb);
+        return cb;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Registers a test NetworkAgent with ConnectivityService with limited capabilities, which leads
+     * to the Network being validated.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    private TestNetworkInterface setUpTestNetwork() throws Exception {
+        final int[] administratorUids = new int[] {Process.myUid()};
+        return callWithShellPermissionIdentity(
+                () -> {
+                    final TestNetworkManager tnm =
+                            mContext.getSystemService(TestNetworkManager.class);
+                    final TestNetworkInterface tni = tnm.createTunInterface(new LinkAddress[0]);
+                    tnm.setupTestNetwork(tni.getInterfaceName(), administratorUids, BINDER);
+                    return tni;
+                });
+    }
+
+    private static class TestConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback
+            extends ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback {
+        private final ArrayTrackRecord<Object>.ReadHead mHistory =
+                new ArrayTrackRecord<Object>().newReadHead();
+
+        @Override
+        public void onConnectivityReportAvailable(ConnectivityReport report) {
+            mHistory.add(report);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onDataStallSuspected(DataStallReport report) {
+            mHistory.add(report);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onNetworkConnectivityReported(Network network, boolean hasConnectivity) {
+            mHistory.add(new Pair<Network, Boolean>(network, hasConnectivity));
+        }
+
+        public void expectOnConnectivityReportAvailable(
+                @NonNull Network network, @NonNull String interfaceName) {
+            // Test Networks both do not require validation and are not tested for validation. This
+            // results in the validation result being reported as SKIPPED for S+ (for R, the
+            // platform marked these Networks as VALID).
+
+            maybeVerifyConnectivityReportAvailable(network, interfaceName, TRANSPORT_TEST,
+                    getPossibleDiagnosticsValidationResults(), true);
+        }
+
+        public void maybeVerifyConnectivityReportAvailable(@NonNull Network network,
+                @NonNull String interfaceName, int transportType, int expectedValidationResult) {
+            maybeVerifyConnectivityReportAvailable(network, interfaceName, transportType,
+                    new ArraySet<>(Collections.singletonList(expectedValidationResult)), true);
+        }
+
+        public void maybeVerifyConnectivityReportAvailable(@NonNull Network network,
+                @NonNull String interfaceName, int transportType,
+                Set<Integer> possibleValidationResults, boolean requireCallbackFired) {
+            final ConnectivityReport result =
+                    (ConnectivityReport) mHistory.poll(CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, x -> true);
+            if (!requireCallbackFired && result == null) {
+                return;
+            }
+            assertEquals(network, result.getNetwork());
+
+            final NetworkCapabilities nc = result.getNetworkCapabilities();
+            assertNotNull(nc);
+            assertTrue(nc.hasTransport(transportType));
+            assertNotNull(result.getLinkProperties());
+            assertEquals(interfaceName, result.getLinkProperties().getInterfaceName());
+
+            final PersistableBundle extras = result.getAdditionalInfo();
+            assertTrue(extras.containsKey(KEY_NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT));
+            final int actualValidationResult = extras.getInt(KEY_NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT);
+            assertTrue("Network validation result is incorrect: " + actualValidationResult,
+                    possibleValidationResults.contains(actualValidationResult));
+
+            assertTrue(extras.containsKey(KEY_NETWORK_PROBES_SUCCEEDED_BITMASK));
+            final int probesSucceeded = extras.getInt(KEY_NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT);
+            assertTrue("PROBES_SUCCEEDED mask not in expected range", probesSucceeded >= 0);
+
+            assertTrue(extras.containsKey(KEY_NETWORK_PROBES_ATTEMPTED_BITMASK));
+            final int probesAttempted = extras.getInt(KEY_NETWORK_PROBES_ATTEMPTED_BITMASK);
+            assertTrue("PROBES_ATTEMPTED mask not in expected range", probesAttempted >= 0);
+        }
+
+        public void expectOnDataStallSuspected(
+                @NonNull Network network,
+                @NonNull String interfaceName,
+                int detectionMethod,
+                long timestampMillis,
+                @NonNull PersistableBundle extras) {
+            final DataStallReport result =
+                    (DataStallReport) mHistory.poll(CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, x -> true);
+            assertEquals(network, result.getNetwork());
+            assertEquals(detectionMethod, result.getDetectionMethod());
+            assertEquals(timestampMillis, result.getReportTimestamp());
+
+            final NetworkCapabilities nc = result.getNetworkCapabilities();
+            assertNotNull(nc);
+            assertTrue(nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_TEST));
+            assertNotNull(result.getLinkProperties());
+            assertEquals(interfaceName, result.getLinkProperties().getInterfaceName());
+
+            assertTrue(persistableBundleEquals(extras, result.getStallDetails()));
+        }
+
+        public void expectOnNetworkConnectivityReported(
+                @NonNull Network network, boolean hasConnectivity) {
+            final Pair<Network, Boolean> result =
+                    (Pair<Network, Boolean>) mHistory.poll(CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, x -> true);
+            assertEquals(network, result.first /* network */);
+            assertEquals(hasConnectivity, result.second /* hasConnectivity */);
+        }
+
+        public void assertNoCallback() {
+            // If no more callbacks exist, there should be nothing left in the ReadHead
+            assertNull("Unexpected event in history",
+                    mHistory.poll(NO_CALLBACK_INVOKED_TIMEOUT, x -> true));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static Set<Integer> getPossibleDiagnosticsValidationResults() {
+        final Set<Integer> possibleValidationResults = new ArraySet<>();
+        possibleValidationResults.add(NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_SKIPPED);
+
+        // In S, some early module versions will return NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_VALID.
+        // Starting from T, all module versions should only return SKIPPED. For platform < T,
+        // accept both values.
+        if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
+            possibleValidationResults.add(NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_VALID);
+        }
+        return possibleValidationResults;
+    }
+
+    private class CarrierConfigReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
+        // CountDownLatch used to wait for this BroadcastReceiver to be notified of a CarrierConfig
+        // change. This latch will be counted down if a broadcast indicates this package has carrier
+        // configs, or if an Exception occurs in #onReceive.
+        private final CountDownLatch mLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        private final int mSubId;
+
+        // #onReceive may encounter Exceptions while running on the Process' main Thread and
+        // #waitForCarrierConfigChanged checks the cached Exception from the test Thread. These
+        // Exceptions must be cached and thrown later, as throwing on the Process' main Thread will
+        // crash the process and cause other tests to fail.
+        private Exception mOnReceiveException;
+
+        CarrierConfigReceiver(int subId) {
+            mSubId = subId;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+            if (!CarrierConfigManager.ACTION_CARRIER_CONFIG_CHANGED.equals(intent.getAction())) {
+                // Received an incorrect broadcast - ignore
+                return;
+            }
+
+            final int subId =
+                    intent.getIntExtra(
+                            CarrierConfigManager.EXTRA_SUBSCRIPTION_INDEX,
+                            SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID);
+            if (mSubId != subId) {
+                // Received a broadcast for the wrong subId - ignore
+                return;
+            }
+
+            final PersistableBundle carrierConfigs;
+            try {
+                synchronized (mShellPermissionsIdentityLock) {
+                    carrierConfigs = callWithShellPermissionIdentity(
+                            () -> mCarrierConfigManager.getConfigForSubId(subId),
+                            android.Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE);
+                }
+            } catch (Exception exception) {
+                // callWithShellPermissionIdentity() threw an Exception - cache it and allow
+                // waitForCarrierConfigChanged() to throw it
+                mOnReceiveException = exception;
+                mLatch.countDown();
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (!CarrierConfigManager.isConfigForIdentifiedCarrier(carrierConfigs)) {
+                // Configs are not for an identified carrier (meaning they are defaults) - ignore
+                return;
+            }
+
+            final String[] certs = carrierConfigs.getStringArray(
+                    CarrierConfigManager.KEY_CARRIER_CERTIFICATE_STRING_ARRAY);
+            try {
+                if (ArrayUtils.contains(certs, getCertHashForThisPackage())) {
+                    // Received an update for this package's cert hash - countdown and exit
+                    mLatch.countDown();
+                }
+                // Broadcast is for the right subId, but does not show this package as Carrier
+                // Privileged. Keep waiting for a broadcast that indicates Carrier Privileges.
+            } catch (Exception exception) {
+                // getCertHashForThisPackage() threw an Exception - cache it and allow
+                // waitForCarrierConfigChanged() to throw it
+                mOnReceiveException = exception;
+                mLatch.countDown();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Waits for the CarrierConfig changed broadcast to reach this CarrierConfigReceiver.
+         *
+         * <p>Must be called from the Test Thread.
+         *
+         * @throws Exception if an Exception occurred during any #onReceive invocation
+         */
+        boolean waitForCarrierConfigChanged() throws Exception {
+            final boolean result = mLatch.await(CARRIER_CONFIG_CHANGED_BROADCAST_TIMEOUT,
+                    TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+
+            if (mOnReceiveException != null) {
+                throw mOnReceiveException;
+            }
+
+            return result;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityFrameworkInitializerTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityFrameworkInitializerTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d687eaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityFrameworkInitializerTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts
+
+import android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS
+import android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager
+import android.net.ConnectivityFrameworkInitializer
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager
+import android.net.TestNetworkManager
+import android.os.Build
+import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.runAsShell
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+// ConnectivityFrameworkInitializer was added in S
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+class ConnectivityFrameworkInitializerTest {
+    @Test
+    fun testServicesRegistered() {
+        val ctx = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().context as android.content.Context
+        assertNotNull(ctx.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager::class.java),
+                "ConnectivityManager not registered")
+        assertNotNull(ctx.getSystemService(ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager::class.java),
+                "ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager not registered")
+
+        runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS) {
+            assertNotNull(ctx.getSystemService(TestNetworkManager::class.java),
+                "TestNetworkManager not registered")
+        }
+        // Do not test for DnsResolverServiceManager as it is internal to Connectivity, and
+        // CTS does not have permission to get it anyway.
+    }
+
+    // registerServiceWrappers can only be called during initialization and should throw otherwise
+    @Test(expected = IllegalStateException::class)
+    fun testThrows() {
+        ConnectivityFrameworkInitializer.registerServiceWrappers()
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityFrameworkInitializerTiramisuTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityFrameworkInitializerTiramisuTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..049372f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityFrameworkInitializerTiramisuTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts
+
+import android.net.nsd.NsdManager
+import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.ConnectivityFrameworkInitShimImpl
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.SC_V2
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
+
+private val cfiShim = ConnectivityFrameworkInitShimImpl.newInstance()
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+// ConnectivityFrameworkInitializerTiramisu was added in T
+@IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2) // TODO: Use to Build.VERSION_CODES.SC_V2 when available
+class ConnectivityFrameworkInitializerTiramisuTest {
+    @Test
+    fun testServicesRegistered() {
+        val ctx = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().context as android.content.Context
+        assertNotNull(ctx.getSystemService(NsdManager::class.java),
+                "NsdManager not registered")
+    }
+
+    // registerServiceWrappers can only be called during initialization and should throw otherwise
+    @Test(expected = IllegalStateException::class)
+    fun testThrows() {
+        cfiShim.registerServiceWrappers()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d40bc9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,3334 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2009 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import static android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETUP_WIZARD;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.READ_DEVICE_CONFIG;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_BLUETOOTH;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_ETHERNET;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_TELEPHONY;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_USB_HOST;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_WATCH;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI_DIRECT;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.GET_PERMISSIONS;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_NETWORK;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_REQUEST;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_BLUETOOTH;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_ETHERNET;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_CBS;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_DUN;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_EMERGENCY;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_FOTA;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_IA;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_IMS;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_MMS;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_PROXY;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_VPN;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI_P2P;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_IMS;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
+import static android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK;
+import static android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils.ConnectivityActionReceiver;
+import static android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils.HTTP_PORT;
+import static android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils.NETWORK_CALLBACK_ACTION;
+import static android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils.TEST_HOST;
+import static android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils.TestNetworkCallback;
+import static android.net.cts.util.CtsTetheringUtils.TestTetheringEventCallback;
+import static android.net.util.NetworkStackUtils.TEST_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_HTTPS_URL;
+import static android.net.util.NetworkStackUtils.TEST_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_HTTP_URL;
+import static android.os.MessageQueue.OnFileDescriptorEventListener.EVENT_INPUT;
+import static android.os.Process.INVALID_UID;
+import static android.provider.Settings.Global.NETWORK_METERED_MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET6;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_UNSPEC;
+
+import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.callWithShellPermissionIdentity;
+import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.runShellCommand;
+import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.runWithShellPermissionIdentity;
+import static com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel.isAtLeastS;
+import static com.android.networkstack.apishim.ConstantsShim.BLOCKED_REASON_LOCKDOWN_VPN;
+import static com.android.networkstack.apishim.ConstantsShim.BLOCKED_REASON_NONE;
+import static com.android.testutils.Cleanup.testAndCleanup;
+import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt.SC_V2;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertThrows;
+import static com.android.testutils.TestNetworkTrackerKt.initTestNetwork;
+import static com.android.testutils.TestPermissionUtil.runAsShell;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotSame;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.app.Instrumentation;
+import android.app.PendingIntent;
+import android.app.UiAutomation;
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
+import android.content.ContentResolver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.IntentFilter;
+import android.content.pm.PackageInfo;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.content.res.Resources;
+import android.net.CaptivePortalData;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback;
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager;
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.net.IpSecManager;
+import android.net.IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkAgent;
+import android.net.NetworkAgentConfig;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkInfo;
+import android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState;
+import android.net.NetworkInfo.State;
+import android.net.NetworkProvider;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.net.NetworkSpecifier;
+import android.net.NetworkStateSnapshot;
+import android.net.OemNetworkPreferences;
+import android.net.ProxyInfo;
+import android.net.SocketKeepalive;
+import android.net.TelephonyNetworkSpecifier;
+import android.net.TestNetworkInterface;
+import android.net.TestNetworkManager;
+import android.net.Uri;
+import android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils;
+import android.net.cts.util.CtsTetheringUtils;
+import android.net.util.KeepaliveUtils;
+import android.net.wifi.WifiInfo;
+import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.MessageQueue;
+import android.os.Process;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+import android.os.SystemProperties;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
+import android.os.VintfRuntimeInfo;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
+import android.provider.DeviceConfig;
+import android.provider.Settings;
+import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager;
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.Pair;
+import android.util.Range;
+
+import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
+import androidx.test.filters.RequiresDevice;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.internal.util.ArrayUtils;
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.ConnectivityManagerShimImpl;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.ConstantsShim;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.NetworkInformationShimImpl;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.ConnectivityManagerShim;
+import com.android.testutils.CompatUtil;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt;
+import com.android.testutils.DumpTestUtils;
+import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry;
+import com.android.testutils.TestHttpServer;
+import com.android.testutils.TestNetworkTracker;
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback;
+
+import junit.framework.AssertionFailedError;
+
+import libcore.io.Streams;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.MalformedURLException;
+import java.net.Socket;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+import fi.iki.elonen.NanoHTTPD.Method;
+import fi.iki.elonen.NanoHTTPD.Response.IStatus;
+import fi.iki.elonen.NanoHTTPD.Response.Status;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+public class ConnectivityManagerTest {
+    @Rule
+    public final DevSdkIgnoreRule ignoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
+
+    private static final String TAG = ConnectivityManagerTest.class.getSimpleName();
+
+    public static final int TYPE_MOBILE = ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE;
+    public static final int TYPE_WIFI = ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI;
+
+    private static final int HOST_ADDRESS = 0x7f000001;// represent ip 127.0.0.1
+    private static final int KEEPALIVE_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS = 2000;
+    private static final int INTERVAL_KEEPALIVE_RETRY_MS = 500;
+    private static final int MAX_KEEPALIVE_RETRY_COUNT = 3;
+    private static final int MIN_KEEPALIVE_INTERVAL = 10;
+
+    private static final int NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS = 30_000;
+    private static final int LISTEN_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT_MS = 5_000;
+    private static final int NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS = 100;
+    private static final int NUM_TRIES_MULTIPATH_PREF_CHECK = 20;
+    private static final long INTERVAL_MULTIPATH_PREF_CHECK_MS = 500;
+    // device could have only one interface: data, wifi.
+    private static final int MIN_NUM_NETWORK_TYPES = 1;
+
+    // Airplane Mode BroadcastReceiver Timeout
+    private static final long AIRPLANE_MODE_CHANGE_TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000L;
+
+    // Timeout for applying uids allowed on restricted networks
+    private static final long APPLYING_UIDS_ALLOWED_ON_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS_TIMEOUT_MS = 3_000L;
+
+    // Minimum supported keepalive counts for wifi and cellular.
+    public static final int MIN_SUPPORTED_CELLULAR_KEEPALIVE_COUNT = 1;
+    public static final int MIN_SUPPORTED_WIFI_KEEPALIVE_COUNT = 3;
+
+    private static final String NETWORK_METERED_MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_RES_NAME =
+            "config_networkMeteredMultipathPreference";
+    private static final String KEEPALIVE_ALLOWED_UNPRIVILEGED_RES_NAME =
+            "config_allowedUnprivilegedKeepalivePerUid";
+    private static final String KEEPALIVE_RESERVED_PER_SLOT_RES_NAME =
+            "config_reservedPrivilegedKeepaliveSlots";
+    private static final String TEST_RESTRICTED_NW_IFACE_NAME = "test-restricted-nw";
+
+    private static final LinkAddress TEST_LINKADDR = new LinkAddress(
+            InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::8"), 64);
+
+    private static final int AIRPLANE_MODE_OFF = 0;
+    private static final int AIRPLANE_MODE_ON = 1;
+
+    private static final String TEST_HTTPS_URL_PATH = "/https_path";
+    private static final String TEST_HTTP_URL_PATH = "/http_path";
+    private static final String LOCALHOST_HOSTNAME = "localhost";
+    // Re-connecting to the AP, obtaining an IP address, revalidating can take a long time
+    private static final long WIFI_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS = 60_000L;
+
+    private Context mContext;
+    private Instrumentation mInstrumentation;
+    private ConnectivityManager mCm;
+    private ConnectivityManagerShim mCmShim;
+    private WifiManager mWifiManager;
+    private PackageManager mPackageManager;
+    private TelephonyManager mTm;
+    private final ArraySet<Integer> mNetworkTypes = new ArraySet<>();
+    private UiAutomation mUiAutomation;
+    private CtsNetUtils mCtsNetUtils;
+    // The registered callbacks.
+    private List<NetworkCallback> mRegisteredCallbacks = new ArrayList<>();
+    // Used for cleanup purposes.
+    private final List<Range<Integer>> mVpnRequiredUidRanges = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    private final TestHttpServer mHttpServer = new TestHttpServer(LOCALHOST_HOSTNAME);
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        mInstrumentation = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation();
+        mContext = mInstrumentation.getContext();
+        mCm = (ConnectivityManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
+        mCmShim = ConnectivityManagerShimImpl.newInstance(mContext);
+        mWifiManager = (WifiManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);
+        mPackageManager = mContext.getPackageManager();
+        mCtsNetUtils = new CtsNetUtils(mContext);
+        mTm = mContext.getSystemService(TelephonyManager.class);
+
+        if (DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt.isDevSdkInRange(null /* minExclusive */,
+                Build.VERSION_CODES.R /* maxInclusive */)) {
+            addLegacySupportedNetworkTypes();
+        } else {
+            addSupportedNetworkTypes();
+        }
+
+        mUiAutomation = mInstrumentation.getUiAutomation();
+
+        assertNotNull("CTS requires a working Internet connection", mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+    }
+
+    private void addLegacySupportedNetworkTypes() {
+        // Network type support as expected for android R-
+        // Get com.android.internal.R.array.networkAttributes
+        int resId = mContext.getResources().getIdentifier("networkAttributes", "array", "android");
+        String[] naStrings = mContext.getResources().getStringArray(resId);
+        boolean wifiOnly = SystemProperties.getBoolean("ro.radio.noril", false);
+        for (String naString : naStrings) {
+            try {
+                final String[] splitConfig = naString.split(",");
+                // Format was name,type,radio,priority,restoreTime,dependencyMet
+                final int type = Integer.parseInt(splitConfig[1]);
+                if (wifiOnly && ConnectivityManager.isNetworkTypeMobile(type)) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                mNetworkTypes.add(type);
+            } catch (Exception e) {}
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void addSupportedNetworkTypes() {
+        final PackageManager pm = mContext.getPackageManager();
+        if (pm.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI)) {
+            mNetworkTypes.add(TYPE_WIFI);
+        }
+        if (pm.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI_DIRECT)) {
+            mNetworkTypes.add(TYPE_WIFI_P2P);
+        }
+        if (mContext.getSystemService(TelephonyManager.class).isDataCapable()) {
+            mNetworkTypes.add(TYPE_MOBILE);
+            mNetworkTypes.add(TYPE_MOBILE_MMS);
+            mNetworkTypes.add(TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL);
+            mNetworkTypes.add(TYPE_MOBILE_DUN);
+            mNetworkTypes.add(TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI);
+            mNetworkTypes.add(TYPE_MOBILE_FOTA);
+            mNetworkTypes.add(TYPE_MOBILE_IMS);
+            mNetworkTypes.add(TYPE_MOBILE_CBS);
+            mNetworkTypes.add(TYPE_MOBILE_IA);
+            mNetworkTypes.add(TYPE_MOBILE_EMERGENCY);
+        }
+        if (pm.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_BLUETOOTH)) {
+            mNetworkTypes.add(TYPE_BLUETOOTH);
+        }
+        if (pm.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WATCH)) {
+            mNetworkTypes.add(TYPE_PROXY);
+        }
+        if (mContext.getSystemService(Context.ETHERNET_SERVICE) != null) {
+            mNetworkTypes.add(TYPE_ETHERNET);
+        }
+        mNetworkTypes.add(TYPE_VPN);
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        // Release any NetworkRequests filed to connect mobile data.
+        if (mCtsNetUtils.cellConnectAttempted()) {
+            mCtsNetUtils.disconnectFromCell();
+        }
+
+        if (TestUtils.shouldTestSApis()) {
+            runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
+                    () -> mCmShim.setRequireVpnForUids(false, mVpnRequiredUidRanges),
+                    NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+        }
+
+        // All tests in this class require a working Internet connection as they start. Make
+        // sure there is still one as they end that's ready to use for the next test to use.
+        final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        registerDefaultNetworkCallback(callback);
+        try {
+            assertNotNull("Couldn't restore Internet connectivity", callback.waitForAvailable());
+        } finally {
+            // Unregister all registered callbacks.
+            unregisterRegisteredCallbacks();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIsNetworkTypeValid() {
+        assertTrue(ConnectivityManager.isNetworkTypeValid(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE));
+        assertTrue(ConnectivityManager.isNetworkTypeValid(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI));
+        assertTrue(ConnectivityManager.isNetworkTypeValid(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_MMS));
+        assertTrue(ConnectivityManager.isNetworkTypeValid(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL));
+        assertTrue(ConnectivityManager.isNetworkTypeValid(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_DUN));
+        assertTrue(ConnectivityManager.isNetworkTypeValid(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI));
+        assertTrue(ConnectivityManager.isNetworkTypeValid(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIMAX));
+        assertTrue(ConnectivityManager.isNetworkTypeValid(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_BLUETOOTH));
+        assertTrue(ConnectivityManager.isNetworkTypeValid(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_DUMMY));
+        assertTrue(ConnectivityManager.isNetworkTypeValid(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_ETHERNET));
+        assertTrue(mCm.isNetworkTypeValid(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_FOTA));
+        assertTrue(mCm.isNetworkTypeValid(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_IMS));
+        assertTrue(mCm.isNetworkTypeValid(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_CBS));
+        assertTrue(mCm.isNetworkTypeValid(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI_P2P));
+        assertTrue(mCm.isNetworkTypeValid(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_IA));
+        assertFalse(mCm.isNetworkTypeValid(-1));
+        assertTrue(mCm.isNetworkTypeValid(0));
+        assertTrue(mCm.isNetworkTypeValid(ConnectivityManager.MAX_NETWORK_TYPE));
+        assertFalse(ConnectivityManager.isNetworkTypeValid(ConnectivityManager.MAX_NETWORK_TYPE+1));
+
+        NetworkInfo[] ni = mCm.getAllNetworkInfo();
+
+        for (NetworkInfo n: ni) {
+            assertTrue(ConnectivityManager.isNetworkTypeValid(n.getType()));
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetNetworkPreference() {
+        // getNetworkPreference() and setNetworkPreference() are both deprecated so they do
+        // not preform any action.  Verify they are at least still callable.
+        mCm.setNetworkPreference(mCm.getNetworkPreference());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetActiveNetworkInfo() {
+        NetworkInfo ni = mCm.getActiveNetworkInfo();
+
+        assertNotNull("You must have an active network connection to complete CTS", ni);
+        assertTrue(ConnectivityManager.isNetworkTypeValid(ni.getType()));
+        assertTrue(ni.getState() == State.CONNECTED);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetActiveNetwork() {
+        Network network = mCm.getActiveNetwork();
+        assertNotNull("You must have an active network connection to complete CTS", network);
+
+        NetworkInfo ni = mCm.getNetworkInfo(network);
+        assertNotNull("Network returned from getActiveNetwork was invalid", ni);
+
+        // Similar to testGetActiveNetworkInfo above.
+        assertTrue(ConnectivityManager.isNetworkTypeValid(ni.getType()));
+        assertTrue(ni.getState() == State.CONNECTED);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetNetworkInfo() {
+        for (int type = -1; type <= ConnectivityManager.MAX_NETWORK_TYPE+1; type++) {
+            if (shouldBeSupported(type)) {
+                NetworkInfo ni = mCm.getNetworkInfo(type);
+                assertTrue("Info shouldn't be null for " + type, ni != null);
+                State state = ni.getState();
+                assertTrue("Bad state for " + type, State.UNKNOWN.ordinal() >= state.ordinal()
+                           && state.ordinal() >= State.CONNECTING.ordinal());
+                DetailedState ds = ni.getDetailedState();
+                assertTrue("Bad detailed state for " + type,
+                           DetailedState.FAILED.ordinal() >= ds.ordinal()
+                           && ds.ordinal() >= DetailedState.IDLE.ordinal());
+            } else {
+                assertNull("Info should be null for " + type, mCm.getNetworkInfo(type));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetAllNetworkInfo() {
+        NetworkInfo[] ni = mCm.getAllNetworkInfo();
+        assertTrue(ni.length >= MIN_NUM_NETWORK_TYPES);
+        for (int type = 0; type <= ConnectivityManager.MAX_NETWORK_TYPE; type++) {
+            int desiredFoundCount = (shouldBeSupported(type) ? 1 : 0);
+            int foundCount = 0;
+            for (NetworkInfo i : ni) {
+                if (i.getType() == type) foundCount++;
+            }
+            if (foundCount != desiredFoundCount) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "failure in testGetAllNetworkInfo.  Dump of returned NetworkInfos:");
+                for (NetworkInfo networkInfo : ni) Log.e(TAG, "  " + networkInfo);
+            }
+            assertTrue("Unexpected foundCount of " + foundCount + " for type " + type,
+                    foundCount == desiredFoundCount);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private String getSubscriberIdForCellNetwork(Network cellNetwork) {
+        final NetworkCapabilities cellCaps = mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(cellNetwork);
+        final NetworkSpecifier specifier = cellCaps.getNetworkSpecifier();
+        assertTrue(specifier instanceof TelephonyNetworkSpecifier);
+        // Get subscription from Telephony network specifier.
+        final int subId = ((TelephonyNetworkSpecifier) specifier).getSubscriptionId();
+        assertNotEquals(SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID, subId);
+
+        // Get subscriber Id from telephony manager.
+        final TelephonyManager tm = mContext.getSystemService(TelephonyManager.class);
+        return runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> tm.getSubscriberId(subId),
+                android.Manifest.permission.READ_PRIVILEGED_PHONE_STATE);
+    }
+
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot request network in instant app mode")
+    @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    @Test
+    public void testGetAllNetworkStateSnapshots()
+            throws InterruptedException {
+        assumeTrue(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_TELEPHONY));
+        // Make sure cell is active to retrieve IMSI for verification in later step.
+        final Network cellNetwork = mCtsNetUtils.connectToCell();
+        final String subscriberId = getSubscriberIdForCellNetwork(cellNetwork);
+        assertFalse(TextUtils.isEmpty(subscriberId));
+
+        // Verify the API cannot be called without proper permission.
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () -> mCm.getAllNetworkStateSnapshots());
+
+        // Get all networks, verify the result of getAllNetworkStateSnapshots matches the result
+        // got from other APIs.
+        final Network[] networks = mCm.getAllNetworks();
+        assertGreaterOrEqual(networks.length, 1);
+        final List<NetworkStateSnapshot> snapshots = runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
+                () -> mCm.getAllNetworkStateSnapshots(), NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+        assertEquals(networks.length, snapshots.size());
+        for (final Network network : networks) {
+            // Can't use a lambda because it will cause the test to crash on R with
+            // NoClassDefFoundError.
+            NetworkStateSnapshot snapshot = null;
+            for (NetworkStateSnapshot item : snapshots) {
+                if (item.getNetwork().equals(network)) {
+                    snapshot = item;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            assertNotNull(snapshot);
+            final NetworkCapabilities caps =
+                    Objects.requireNonNull(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(network));
+            // Redact specifier of the capabilities of the snapshot before comparing since
+            // the result returned from getNetworkCapabilities always get redacted.
+            final NetworkSpecifier snapshotCapSpecifier =
+                    snapshot.getNetworkCapabilities().getNetworkSpecifier();
+            final NetworkSpecifier redactedSnapshotCapSpecifier =
+                    snapshotCapSpecifier == null ? null : snapshotCapSpecifier.redact();
+            assertEquals("", caps.describeImmutableDifferences(
+                    snapshot.getNetworkCapabilities()
+                            .setNetworkSpecifier(redactedSnapshotCapSpecifier)));
+            assertEquals(mCm.getLinkProperties(network), snapshot.getLinkProperties());
+            assertEquals(mCm.getNetworkInfo(network).getType(), snapshot.getLegacyType());
+
+            if (network.equals(cellNetwork)) {
+                assertEquals(subscriberId, snapshot.getSubscriberId());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean checkPermission(String perm, int uid) {
+        return mContext.checkPermission(perm, -1 /* pid */, uid) == PERMISSION_GRANTED;
+    }
+
+    private String findPackageByPermissions(@NonNull List<String> requiredPermissions,
+                @NonNull List<String> forbiddenPermissions) throws Exception {
+        final List<PackageInfo> packageInfos =
+                mPackageManager.getInstalledPackages(GET_PERMISSIONS);
+        for (PackageInfo packageInfo : packageInfos) {
+            final int uid = mPackageManager.getPackageUid(packageInfo.packageName, 0 /* flags */);
+            if (!CollectionUtils.all(requiredPermissions, perm -> checkPermission(perm, uid))) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (CollectionUtils.any(forbiddenPermissions, perm -> checkPermission(perm, uid))) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            return packageInfo.packageName;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2)
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRedactedLinkPropertiesForPackage() throws Exception {
+        final String groundedPkg = findPackageByPermissions(
+                List.of(), /* requiredPermissions */
+                List.of(ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) /* forbiddenPermissions */);
+        assertNotNull("Couldn't find any package without ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE", groundedPkg);
+        final int groundedUid = mPackageManager.getPackageUid(groundedPkg, 0 /* flags */);
+
+        final String normalPkg = findPackageByPermissions(
+                List.of(ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) /* requiredPermissions */,
+                List.of(NETWORK_SETTINGS, NETWORK_STACK,
+                        PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK) /* forbiddenPermissions */);
+        assertNotNull("Couldn't find any package with ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE but"
+                + " without NETWORK_SETTINGS", normalPkg);
+        final int normalUid = mPackageManager.getPackageUid(normalPkg, 0 /* flags */);
+
+        // There are some privileged packages on the system, like the phone process, the network
+        // stack and the system server.
+        final String privilegedPkg = findPackageByPermissions(
+                List.of(ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE, NETWORK_SETTINGS), /* requiredPermissions */
+                List.of() /* forbiddenPermissions */);
+        assertNotNull("Couldn't find a package with sufficient permissions", privilegedPkg);
+        final int privilegedUid = mPackageManager.getPackageUid(privilegedPkg, 0);
+
+        // Set parcelSensitiveFields to true to preserve CaptivePortalApiUrl & CaptivePortalData
+        // when parceling.
+        final LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties(new LinkProperties(),
+                true /* parcelSensitiveFields */);
+        final Uri capportUrl = Uri.parse("https://capport.example.com/api");
+        final CaptivePortalData capportData = new CaptivePortalData.Builder().build();
+        final int mtu = 12345;
+        lp.setMtu(mtu);
+        lp.setCaptivePortalApiUrl(capportUrl);
+        lp.setCaptivePortalData(capportData);
+
+        // No matter what the given uid is, a SecurityException will be thrown if the caller
+        // doesn't hold the NETWORK_SETTINGS permission.
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class,
+                () -> mCm.getRedactedLinkPropertiesForPackage(lp, groundedUid, groundedPkg));
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class,
+                () -> mCm.getRedactedLinkPropertiesForPackage(lp, normalUid, normalPkg));
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class,
+                () -> mCm.getRedactedLinkPropertiesForPackage(lp, privilegedUid, privilegedPkg));
+
+        runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () -> {
+            // No matter what the given uid is, if the given LinkProperties is null, then
+            // NullPointerException will be thrown.
+            assertThrows(NullPointerException.class,
+                    () -> mCm.getRedactedLinkPropertiesForPackage(null, groundedUid, groundedPkg));
+            assertThrows(NullPointerException.class,
+                    () -> mCm.getRedactedLinkPropertiesForPackage(null, normalUid, normalPkg));
+            assertThrows(NullPointerException.class,
+                    () -> mCm.getRedactedLinkPropertiesForPackage(
+                            null, privilegedUid, privilegedPkg));
+
+            // Make sure null is returned for a UID without ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE.
+            assertNull(mCm.getRedactedLinkPropertiesForPackage(lp, groundedUid, groundedPkg));
+
+            // CaptivePortalApiUrl & CaptivePortalData will be set to null if given uid doesn't hold
+            // the NETWORK_SETTINGS permission.
+            assertNull(mCm.getRedactedLinkPropertiesForPackage(lp, normalUid, normalPkg)
+                    .getCaptivePortalApiUrl());
+            assertNull(mCm.getRedactedLinkPropertiesForPackage(lp, normalUid, normalPkg)
+                    .getCaptivePortalData());
+            // MTU is not sensitive and is not redacted.
+            assertEquals(mtu, mCm.getRedactedLinkPropertiesForPackage(lp, normalUid, normalPkg)
+                    .getMtu());
+
+            // CaptivePortalApiUrl & CaptivePortalData will be preserved if the given uid holds the
+            // NETWORK_SETTINGS permission.
+            assertEquals(capportUrl,
+                    mCm.getRedactedLinkPropertiesForPackage(lp, privilegedUid, privilegedPkg)
+                            .getCaptivePortalApiUrl());
+            assertEquals(capportData,
+                    mCm.getRedactedLinkPropertiesForPackage(lp, privilegedUid, privilegedPkg)
+                            .getCaptivePortalData());
+        });
+    }
+
+    private NetworkCapabilities redactNc(@NonNull final NetworkCapabilities nc, int uid,
+            @NonNull String packageName) {
+        return mCm.getRedactedNetworkCapabilitiesForPackage(nc, uid, packageName);
+    }
+
+    @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2)
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRedactedNetworkCapabilitiesForPackage() throws Exception {
+        final String groundedPkg = findPackageByPermissions(
+                List.of(), /* requiredPermissions */
+                List.of(ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) /* forbiddenPermissions */);
+        assertNotNull("Couldn't find any package without ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE", groundedPkg);
+        final int groundedUid = mPackageManager.getPackageUid(groundedPkg, 0 /* flags */);
+
+        // A package which doesn't have any of the permissions below, but has NETWORK_STATE.
+        // There should be a number of packages like this on the device; AOSP has many,
+        // including contacts, webview, the keyboard, pacprocessor, messaging.
+        final String normalPkg = findPackageByPermissions(
+                List.of(ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) /* requiredPermissions */,
+                List.of(NETWORK_SETTINGS, NETWORK_FACTORY, NETWORK_SETUP_WIZARD,
+                        NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+                        ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION, ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) /* forbiddenPermissions */);
+        assertNotNull("Can't find a package with ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE but without any of"
+                + " the forbidden permissions", normalPkg);
+        final int normalUid = mPackageManager.getPackageUid(normalPkg, 0 /* flags */);
+
+        // There are some privileged packages on the system, like the phone process, the network
+        // stack and the system server.
+        final String privilegedPkg = findPackageByPermissions(
+                List.of(ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE, NETWORK_SETTINGS, NETWORK_FACTORY,
+                        ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION), /* requiredPermissions */
+                List.of() /* forbiddenPermissions */);
+        assertNotNull("Couldn't find a package with sufficient permissions", privilegedPkg);
+        final int privilegedUid = mPackageManager.getPackageUid(privilegedPkg, 0);
+
+        final Set<Range<Integer>> uids = new ArraySet<>();
+        uids.add(new Range<>(10000, 10100));
+        uids.add(new Range<>(10200, 10300));
+        final String ssid = "My-WiFi";
+        // This test will set underlying networks in the capabilities to redact to see if they
+        // are appropriately redacted, so fetch the default network to put in there as an example.
+        final Network defaultNetwork = mCm.getActiveNetwork();
+        assertNotNull("CTS requires a working Internet connection", defaultNetwork);
+        final int subId1 = 1;
+        final int subId2 = 2;
+        final int[] administratorUids = {normalUid};
+        final String bssid = "location sensitive";
+        final int rssi = 43; // not location sensitive
+        final WifiInfo wifiInfo = new WifiInfo.Builder()
+                .setBssid(bssid)
+                .setRssi(rssi)
+                .build();
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .setUids(uids)
+                .setSsid(ssid)
+                .setUnderlyingNetworks(List.of(defaultNetwork))
+                .setSubscriptionIds(Set.of(subId1, subId2))
+                .setAdministratorUids(administratorUids)
+                .setOwnerUid(normalUid)
+                .setTransportInfo(wifiInfo)
+                .build();
+
+        // No matter what the given uid is, a SecurityException will be thrown if the caller
+        // doesn't hold the NETWORK_SETTINGS permission.
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () -> redactNc(nc, groundedUid, groundedPkg));
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () -> redactNc(nc, normalUid, normalPkg));
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () -> redactNc(nc, privilegedUid, privilegedPkg));
+
+        runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () -> {
+            // Make sure that the NC is null if the package doesn't hold ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE.
+            assertNull(redactNc(nc, groundedUid, groundedPkg));
+
+            // Uids, ssid, underlying networks & subscriptionIds will be redacted if the given uid
+            // doesn't hold the associated permissions. The wifi transport info is also suitably
+            // redacted.
+            final NetworkCapabilities redactedNormal = redactNc(nc, normalUid, normalPkg);
+            assertNull(redactedNormal.getUids());
+            assertNull(redactedNormal.getSsid());
+            assertNull(redactedNormal.getUnderlyingNetworks());
+            assertEquals(0, redactedNormal.getSubscriptionIds().size());
+            assertEquals(WifiInfo.DEFAULT_MAC_ADDRESS,
+                    ((WifiInfo) redactedNormal.getTransportInfo()).getBSSID());
+            assertEquals(rssi, ((WifiInfo) redactedNormal.getTransportInfo()).getRssi());
+
+            // Uids, ssid, underlying networks & subscriptionIds will be preserved if the given uid
+            // holds the associated permissions.
+            final NetworkCapabilities redactedPrivileged =
+                    redactNc(nc, privilegedUid, privilegedPkg);
+            assertEquals(uids, redactedPrivileged.getUids());
+            assertEquals(ssid, redactedPrivileged.getSsid());
+            assertEquals(List.of(defaultNetwork), redactedPrivileged.getUnderlyingNetworks());
+            assertEquals(Set.of(subId1, subId2), redactedPrivileged.getSubscriptionIds());
+            assertEquals(bssid, ((WifiInfo) redactedPrivileged.getTransportInfo()).getBSSID());
+            assertEquals(rssi, ((WifiInfo) redactedPrivileged.getTransportInfo()).getRssi());
+
+            // The owner uid is only preserved when the network is a VPN and the uid is the
+            // same as the owner uid.
+            nc.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_VPN);
+            assertEquals(normalUid, redactNc(nc, normalUid, normalPkg).getOwnerUid());
+            assertEquals(INVALID_UID, redactNc(nc, privilegedUid, privilegedPkg).getOwnerUid());
+            nc.removeTransportType(TRANSPORT_VPN);
+
+            // If the given uid doesn't hold location permissions, the owner uid will be set to
+            // INVALID_UID even when sent to that UID (this avoids a wifi suggestor knowing where
+            // the device is by virtue of the device connecting to its own network).
+            assertEquals(INVALID_UID, redactNc(nc, normalUid, normalPkg).getOwnerUid());
+
+            // If the given uid holds location permissions, the owner uid is preserved. This works
+            // because the shell holds ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION.
+            final int[] administratorUids2 = { privilegedUid };
+            nc.setAdministratorUids(administratorUids2);
+            nc.setOwnerUid(privilegedUid);
+            assertEquals(privilegedUid, redactNc(nc, privilegedUid, privilegedPkg).getOwnerUid());
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests that connections can be opened on WiFi and cellphone networks,
+     * and that they are made from different IP addresses.
+     */
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get WifiManager in instant app mode")
+    @Test
+    @RequiresDevice // Virtual devices use a single internet connection for all networks
+    public void testOpenConnection() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI));
+        assumeTrue(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_TELEPHONY));
+
+        Network wifiNetwork = mCtsNetUtils.connectToWifi();
+        Network cellNetwork = mCtsNetUtils.connectToCell();
+        // This server returns the requestor's IP address as the response body.
+        URL url = new URL("http://google-ipv6test.appspot.com/ip.js?fmt=text");
+        String wifiAddressString = httpGet(wifiNetwork, url);
+        String cellAddressString = httpGet(cellNetwork, url);
+
+        assertFalse(String.format("Same address '%s' on two different networks (%s, %s)",
+                wifiAddressString, wifiNetwork, cellNetwork),
+                wifiAddressString.equals(cellAddressString));
+
+        // Verify that the IP addresses that the requests appeared to come from are actually on the
+        // respective networks.
+        assertOnNetwork(wifiAddressString, wifiNetwork);
+        assertOnNetwork(cellAddressString, cellNetwork);
+
+        assertFalse("Unexpectedly equal: " + wifiNetwork, wifiNetwork.equals(cellNetwork));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Performs a HTTP GET to the specified URL on the specified Network, and returns
+     * the response body decoded as UTF-8.
+     */
+    private static String httpGet(Network network, URL httpUrl) throws IOException {
+        HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) network.openConnection(httpUrl);
+        try {
+            InputStream inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
+            return Streams.readFully(new InputStreamReader(inputStream, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+        } finally {
+            connection.disconnect();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void assertOnNetwork(String adressString, Network network) throws UnknownHostException {
+        InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName(adressString);
+        LinkProperties linkProperties = mCm.getLinkProperties(network);
+        // To make sure that the request went out on the right network, check that
+        // the IP address seen by the server is assigned to the expected network.
+        // We can only do this for IPv6 addresses, because in IPv4 we will likely
+        // have a private IPv4 address, and that won't match what the server sees.
+        if (address instanceof Inet6Address) {
+            assertContains(linkProperties.getAddresses(), address);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static<T> void assertContains(Collection<T> collection, T element) {
+        assertTrue(element + " not found in " + collection, collection.contains(element));
+    }
+
+    private void assertStartUsingNetworkFeatureUnsupported(int networkType, String feature) {
+        try {
+            mCm.startUsingNetworkFeature(networkType, feature);
+            fail("startUsingNetworkFeature is no longer supported in the current API version");
+        } catch (UnsupportedOperationException expected) {}
+    }
+
+    private void assertStopUsingNetworkFeatureUnsupported(int networkType, String feature) {
+        try {
+            mCm.startUsingNetworkFeature(networkType, feature);
+            fail("stopUsingNetworkFeature is no longer supported in the current API version");
+        } catch (UnsupportedOperationException expected) {}
+    }
+
+    private void assertRequestRouteToHostUnsupported(int networkType, int hostAddress) {
+        try {
+            mCm.requestRouteToHost(networkType, hostAddress);
+            fail("requestRouteToHost is no longer supported in the current API version");
+        } catch (UnsupportedOperationException expected) {}
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartUsingNetworkFeature() {
+
+        final String invalidateFeature = "invalidateFeature";
+        final String mmsFeature = "enableMMS";
+
+        assertStartUsingNetworkFeatureUnsupported(TYPE_MOBILE, invalidateFeature);
+        assertStopUsingNetworkFeatureUnsupported(TYPE_MOBILE, invalidateFeature);
+        assertStartUsingNetworkFeatureUnsupported(TYPE_WIFI, mmsFeature);
+    }
+
+    private boolean shouldEthernetBeSupported() {
+        // Instant mode apps aren't allowed to query the Ethernet service due to selinux policies.
+        // When in instant mode, don't fail if the Ethernet service is available. Instead, rely on
+        // the fact that Ethernet should be supported if the device has a hardware Ethernet port, or
+        // if the device can be a USB host and thus can use USB Ethernet adapters.
+        //
+        // Note that this test this will still fail in instant mode if a device supports Ethernet
+        // via other hardware means. We are not currently aware of any such device.
+        return (mContext.getSystemService(Context.ETHERNET_SERVICE) != null) ||
+            mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_ETHERNET) ||
+            mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_USB_HOST);
+    }
+
+    private boolean shouldBeSupported(int networkType) {
+        return mNetworkTypes.contains(networkType)
+            || (networkType == ConnectivityManager.TYPE_VPN)
+            || (networkType == ConnectivityManager.TYPE_ETHERNET && shouldEthernetBeSupported());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIsNetworkSupported() {
+        for (int type = -1; type <= ConnectivityManager.MAX_NETWORK_TYPE; type++) {
+            boolean supported = mCm.isNetworkSupported(type);
+            if (shouldBeSupported(type)) {
+                assertTrue("Network type " + type + " should be supported", supported);
+            } else {
+                assertFalse("Network type " + type + " should not be supported", supported);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRequestRouteToHost() {
+        for (int type = -1 ; type <= ConnectivityManager.MAX_NETWORK_TYPE; type++) {
+            assertRequestRouteToHostUnsupported(type, HOST_ADDRESS);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTest() {
+        mCm.getBackgroundDataSetting();
+    }
+
+    private NetworkRequest makeDefaultRequest() {
+        // Make a request that is similar to the way framework tracks the system
+        // default network.
+        return new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .clearCapabilities()
+                .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+                .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+                .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
+                .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .build();
+    }
+
+    private NetworkRequest makeWifiNetworkRequest() {
+        return new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .build();
+    }
+
+    private NetworkRequest makeCellNetworkRequest() {
+        return new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .build();
+    }
+
+    private boolean hasPrivateDnsValidated(CallbackEntry entry, Network networkForPrivateDns) {
+        if (!networkForPrivateDns.equals(entry.getNetwork())) return false;
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = ((CallbackEntry.CapabilitiesChanged) entry).getCaps();
+        return !nc.isPrivateDnsBroken() && nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED);
+    }
+
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS permission can't be granted to instant apps")
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testIsPrivateDnsBroken() throws InterruptedException {
+        final String invalidPrivateDnsServer = "invalidhostname.example.com";
+        final String goodPrivateDnsServer = "dns.google";
+        mCtsNetUtils.storePrivateDnsSetting();
+        final TestableNetworkCallback cb = new TestableNetworkCallback();
+        registerNetworkCallback(makeWifiNetworkRequest(), cb);
+        try {
+            // Verifying the good private DNS sever
+            mCtsNetUtils.setPrivateDnsStrictMode(goodPrivateDnsServer);
+            final Network networkForPrivateDns =  mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
+            cb.eventuallyExpect(CallbackEntry.NETWORK_CAPS_UPDATED, NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS,
+                    entry -> hasPrivateDnsValidated(entry, networkForPrivateDns));
+
+            // Verifying the broken private DNS sever
+            mCtsNetUtils.setPrivateDnsStrictMode(invalidPrivateDnsServer);
+            cb.eventuallyExpect(CallbackEntry.NETWORK_CAPS_UPDATED, NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS,
+                    entry -> (((CallbackEntry.CapabilitiesChanged) entry).getCaps()
+                    .isPrivateDnsBroken()) && networkForPrivateDns.equals(entry.getNetwork()));
+        } finally {
+            mCtsNetUtils.restorePrivateDnsSetting();
+            // Toggle wifi to make sure it is re-validated
+            reconnectWifi();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Exercises both registerNetworkCallback and unregisterNetworkCallback. This checks to
+     * see if we get a callback for the TRANSPORT_WIFI transport type being available.
+     *
+     * <p>In order to test that a NetworkCallback occurs, we need some change in the network
+     * state (either a transport or capability is now available). The most straightforward is
+     * WiFi. We could add a version that uses the telephony data connection but it's not clear
+     * that it would increase test coverage by much (how many devices have 3G radio but not Wifi?).
+     */
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get WifiManager in instant app mode")
+    @Test
+    public void testRegisterNetworkCallback() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI));
+
+        // We will register for a WIFI network being available or lost.
+        final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        registerNetworkCallback(makeWifiNetworkRequest(), callback);
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback defaultTrackingCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        registerDefaultNetworkCallback(defaultTrackingCallback);
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback systemDefaultCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final TestNetworkCallback perUidCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final TestNetworkCallback bestMatchingCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final Handler h = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
+        if (TestUtils.shouldTestSApis()) {
+            runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> {
+                registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(systemDefaultCallback, h);
+                registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(Process.myUid(), perUidCallback, h);
+            }, NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+            registerBestMatchingNetworkCallback(makeDefaultRequest(), bestMatchingCallback, h);
+        }
+
+        Network wifiNetwork = null;
+        mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
+
+        // Now we should expect to get a network callback about availability of the wifi
+        // network even if it was already connected as a state-based action when the callback
+        // is registered.
+        wifiNetwork = callback.waitForAvailable();
+        assertNotNull("Did not receive onAvailable for TRANSPORT_WIFI request",
+                wifiNetwork);
+
+        final Network defaultNetwork = defaultTrackingCallback.waitForAvailable();
+        assertNotNull("Did not receive onAvailable on default network callback",
+                defaultNetwork);
+
+        if (TestUtils.shouldTestSApis()) {
+            assertNotNull("Did not receive onAvailable on system default network callback",
+                    systemDefaultCallback.waitForAvailable());
+            final Network perUidNetwork = perUidCallback.waitForAvailable();
+            assertNotNull("Did not receive onAvailable on per-UID default network callback",
+                    perUidNetwork);
+            assertEquals(defaultNetwork, perUidNetwork);
+            final Network bestMatchingNetwork = bestMatchingCallback.waitForAvailable();
+            assertNotNull("Did not receive onAvailable on best matching network callback",
+                    bestMatchingNetwork);
+            assertEquals(defaultNetwork, bestMatchingNetwork);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests both registerNetworkCallback and unregisterNetworkCallback similarly to
+     * {@link #testRegisterNetworkCallback} except that a {@code PendingIntent} is used instead
+     * of a {@code NetworkCallback}.
+     */
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get WifiManager in instant app mode")
+    @Test
+    public void testRegisterNetworkCallback_withPendingIntent() {
+        assumeTrue(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI));
+
+        // Create a ConnectivityActionReceiver that has an IntentFilter for our locally defined
+        // action, NETWORK_CALLBACK_ACTION.
+        final IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
+        filter.addAction(NETWORK_CALLBACK_ACTION);
+
+        final ConnectivityActionReceiver receiver = new ConnectivityActionReceiver(
+                mCm, ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI, NetworkInfo.State.CONNECTED);
+        mContext.registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
+
+        // Create a broadcast PendingIntent for NETWORK_CALLBACK_ACTION.
+        final Intent intent = new Intent(NETWORK_CALLBACK_ACTION)
+                .setPackage(mContext.getPackageName());
+        // While ConnectivityService would put extra info such as network or request id before
+        // broadcasting the inner intent. The MUTABLE flag needs to be added accordingly.
+        // TODO: replace with PendingIntent.FLAG_MUTABLE when this code compiles against S+ or
+        //  shims.
+        final int pendingIntentFlagMutable = 1 << 25;
+        final PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(mContext, 0 /*requestCode*/,
+                intent, PendingIntent.FLAG_CANCEL_CURRENT | pendingIntentFlagMutable);
+
+        // We will register for a WIFI network being available or lost.
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(makeWifiNetworkRequest(), pendingIntent);
+
+        try {
+            mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
+
+            // Now we expect to get the Intent delivered notifying of the availability of the wifi
+            // network even if it was already connected as a state-based action when the callback
+            // is registered.
+            assertTrue("Did not receive expected Intent " + intent + " for TRANSPORT_WIFI",
+                    receiver.waitForState());
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            fail("Broadcast receiver or NetworkCallback wait was interrupted.");
+        } finally {
+            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(pendingIntent);
+            pendingIntent.cancel();
+            mContext.unregisterReceiver(receiver);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void runIdenticalPendingIntentsRequestTest(boolean useListen) throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI));
+
+        // Disconnect before registering callbacks, reconnect later to fire them
+        mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiDisconnected(null);
+
+        final NetworkRequest firstRequest = makeWifiNetworkRequest();
+        final NetworkRequest secondRequest = new NetworkRequest(firstRequest);
+        // Will match wifi or test, since transports are ORed; but there should only be wifi
+        secondRequest.networkCapabilities.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST);
+
+        PendingIntent firstIntent = null;
+        PendingIntent secondIntent = null;
+        BroadcastReceiver receiver = null;
+
+        // Avoid receiving broadcasts from other runs by appending a timestamp
+        final String broadcastAction = NETWORK_CALLBACK_ACTION + System.currentTimeMillis();
+        try {
+            // TODO: replace with PendingIntent.FLAG_MUTABLE when this code compiles against S+
+            // Intent is mutable to receive EXTRA_NETWORK_REQUEST from ConnectivityService
+            final int pendingIntentFlagMutable = 1 << 25;
+            final String extraBoolKey = "extra_bool";
+            firstIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(mContext,
+                    0 /* requestCode */,
+                    new Intent(broadcastAction).putExtra(extraBoolKey, false),
+                    PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT | pendingIntentFlagMutable);
+
+            if (useListen) {
+                mCm.registerNetworkCallback(firstRequest, firstIntent);
+            } else {
+                mCm.requestNetwork(firstRequest, firstIntent);
+            }
+
+            // Second intent equals the first as per filterEquals (extras don't count), so first
+            // intent will be updated with the new extras
+            secondIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(mContext,
+                    0 /* requestCode */,
+                    new Intent(broadcastAction).putExtra(extraBoolKey, true),
+                    PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT | pendingIntentFlagMutable);
+
+            // Because secondIntent.intentFilterEquals the first, the request should be replaced
+            if (useListen) {
+                mCm.registerNetworkCallback(secondRequest, secondIntent);
+            } else {
+                mCm.requestNetwork(secondRequest, secondIntent);
+            }
+
+            final IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
+            filter.addAction(broadcastAction);
+
+            final CompletableFuture<Network> networkFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+            final AtomicInteger receivedCount = new AtomicInteger(0);
+            receiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
+                @Override
+                public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+                    final NetworkRequest request = intent.getParcelableExtra(EXTRA_NETWORK_REQUEST);
+                    assertPendingIntentRequestMatches(request, secondRequest, useListen);
+                    receivedCount.incrementAndGet();
+                    networkFuture.complete(intent.getParcelableExtra(EXTRA_NETWORK));
+                }
+            };
+            mContext.registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
+
+            final Network wifiNetwork = mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
+            try {
+                assertEquals(wifiNetwork, networkFuture.get(
+                        NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+            } catch (TimeoutException e) {
+                throw new AssertionError("PendingIntent not received for " + secondRequest, e);
+            }
+
+            // Sleep for a small amount of time to try to check that only one callback is ever
+            // received (so the first callback was really unregistered). This does not guarantee
+            // that the test will fail if it runs very slowly, but it should at least be very
+            // noticeably flaky.
+            Thread.sleep(NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS);
+
+            // For R- frameworks, listens will receive duplicated callbacks. See b/189868426.
+            if (isAtLeastS() || !useListen) {
+                assertEquals("PendingIntent should only be received once", 1, receivedCount.get());
+            }
+        } finally {
+            if (firstIntent != null) mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(firstIntent);
+            if (secondIntent != null) mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(secondIntent);
+            if (receiver != null) mContext.unregisterReceiver(receiver);
+            mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void assertPendingIntentRequestMatches(NetworkRequest broadcasted, NetworkRequest filed,
+            boolean useListen) {
+        assertArrayEquals(filed.networkCapabilities.getCapabilities(),
+                broadcasted.networkCapabilities.getCapabilities());
+        // For R- frameworks, listens will receive duplicated callbacks. See b/189868426.
+        if (!isAtLeastS() && useListen) return;
+        assertArrayEquals(filed.networkCapabilities.getTransportTypes(),
+                broadcasted.networkCapabilities.getTransportTypes());
+    }
+
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get WifiManager in instant app mode")
+    @Test
+    public void testRegisterNetworkRequest_identicalPendingIntents() throws Exception {
+        runIdenticalPendingIntentsRequestTest(false /* useListen */);
+    }
+
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get WifiManager in instant app mode")
+    @Test
+    public void testRegisterNetworkCallback_identicalPendingIntents() throws Exception {
+        runIdenticalPendingIntentsRequestTest(true /* useListen */);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Exercises the requestNetwork with NetworkCallback API. This checks to
+     * see if we get a callback for an INTERNET request.
+     */
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE permission can't be granted to instant apps")
+    @Test
+    public void testRequestNetworkCallback() throws Exception {
+        final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        requestNetwork(new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .build(), callback);
+
+        // Wait to get callback for availability of internet
+        Network internetNetwork = callback.waitForAvailable();
+        assertNotNull("Did not receive NetworkCallback#onAvailable for INTERNET", internetNetwork);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Exercises the requestNetwork with NetworkCallback API with timeout - expected to
+     * fail. Use WIFI and switch Wi-Fi off.
+     */
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get WifiManager in instant app mode")
+    @Test
+    public void testRequestNetworkCallback_onUnavailable() {
+        final boolean previousWifiEnabledState = mWifiManager.isWifiEnabled();
+        if (previousWifiEnabledState) {
+            mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiDisconnected(null);
+        }
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        requestNetwork(new NetworkRequest.Builder().addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI).build(),
+                callback, 100);
+
+        try {
+            // Wait to get callback for unavailability of requested network
+            assertTrue("Did not receive NetworkCallback#onUnavailable",
+                    callback.waitForUnavailable());
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            fail("NetworkCallback wait was interrupted.");
+        } finally {
+            if (previousWifiEnabledState) {
+                mCtsNetUtils.connectToWifi();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private InetAddress getFirstV4Address(Network network) {
+        LinkProperties linkProperties = mCm.getLinkProperties(network);
+        for (InetAddress address : linkProperties.getAddresses()) {
+            if (address instanceof Inet4Address) {
+                return address;
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks that enabling/disabling wifi causes CONNECTIVITY_ACTION broadcasts.
+     */
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get WifiManager in instant app mode")
+    @Test
+    public void testToggleWifiConnectivityAction() throws Exception {
+        // toggleWifi calls connectToWifi and disconnectFromWifi, which both wait for
+        // CONNECTIVITY_ACTION broadcasts.
+        mCtsNetUtils.toggleWifi();
+    }
+
+    /** Verify restricted networks cannot be requested. */
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE permission can't be granted to instant apps")
+    @Test
+    public void testRestrictedNetworks() {
+        // Verify we can request unrestricted networks:
+        NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET).build();
+        NetworkCallback callback = new NetworkCallback();
+        mCm.requestNetwork(request, callback);
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
+        // Verify we cannot request restricted networks:
+        request = new NetworkRequest.Builder().addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_IMS).build();
+        callback = new NetworkCallback();
+        try {
+            mCm.requestNetwork(request, callback);
+            fail("No exception thrown when restricted network requested.");
+        } catch (SecurityException expected) {}
+    }
+
+    // Returns "true", "false" or "none"
+    private String getWifiMeteredStatus(String ssid) throws Exception {
+        // Interestingly giving the SSID as an argument to list wifi-networks
+        // only works iff the network in question has the "false" policy.
+        // Also unfortunately runShellCommand does not pass the command to the interpreter
+        // so it's not possible to | grep the ssid.
+        final String command = "cmd netpolicy list wifi-networks";
+        final String policyString = runShellCommand(mInstrumentation, command);
+
+        final Matcher m = Pattern.compile("^" + ssid + ";(true|false|none)$",
+                Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.UNIX_LINES).matcher(policyString);
+        if (!m.find()) {
+            fail("Unexpected format from cmd netpolicy, policyString = " + policyString);
+        }
+        return m.group(1);
+    }
+
+    // metered should be "true", "false" or "none"
+    private void setWifiMeteredStatus(String ssid, String metered) throws Exception {
+        final String setCommand = "cmd netpolicy set metered-network " + ssid + " " + metered;
+        runShellCommand(mInstrumentation, setCommand);
+        assertEquals(getWifiMeteredStatus(ssid), metered);
+    }
+
+    private String unquoteSSID(String ssid) {
+        // SSID is returned surrounded by quotes if it can be decoded as UTF-8.
+        // Otherwise it's guaranteed not to start with a quote.
+        if (ssid.charAt(0) == '"') {
+            return ssid.substring(1, ssid.length() - 1);
+        } else {
+            return ssid;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Network waitForActiveNetworkMetered(final int targetTransportType,
+            final boolean requestedMeteredness, final boolean waitForValidation,
+            final boolean useSystemDefault)
+            throws Exception {
+        final CompletableFuture<Network> networkFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        final NetworkCallback networkCallback = new NetworkCallback() {
+            @Override
+            public void onCapabilitiesChanged(Network network, NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+                if (!nc.hasTransport(targetTransportType)) return;
+
+                final boolean metered = !nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+                final boolean validated = nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED);
+                if (metered == requestedMeteredness && (!waitForValidation || validated)) {
+                    networkFuture.complete(network);
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        try {
+            // Registering a callback here guarantees onCapabilitiesChanged is called immediately
+            // with the current setting. Therefore, if the setting has already been changed,
+            // this method will return right away, and if not, it'll wait for the setting to change.
+            if (useSystemDefault) {
+                runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() ->
+                                registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(networkCallback,
+                                        new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper())),
+                        NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+            } else {
+                registerDefaultNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
+            }
+
+            // Changing meteredness on wifi involves reconnecting, which can take several seconds
+            // (involves re-associating, DHCP...).
+            return networkFuture.get(NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        } catch (TimeoutException e) {
+            throw new AssertionError("Timed out waiting for active network metered status to "
+                    + "change to " + requestedMeteredness + " ; network = "
+                    + mCm.getActiveNetwork(), e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Network setWifiMeteredStatusAndWait(String ssid, boolean isMetered,
+            boolean waitForValidation) throws Exception {
+        setWifiMeteredStatus(ssid, Boolean.toString(isMetered) /* metered */);
+        mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
+        return waitForActiveNetworkMetered(TRANSPORT_WIFI,
+                isMetered /* requestedMeteredness */,
+                waitForValidation,
+                true /* useSystemDefault */);
+    }
+
+    private void assertMultipathPreferenceIsEventually(Network network, int oldValue,
+            int expectedValue) {
+        // Quick check : if oldValue == expectedValue, there is no way to guarantee the test
+        // is not flaky.
+        assertNotSame(oldValue, expectedValue);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < NUM_TRIES_MULTIPATH_PREF_CHECK; ++i) {
+            final int actualValue = mCm.getMultipathPreference(network);
+            if (actualValue == expectedValue) {
+                return;
+            }
+            if (actualValue != oldValue) {
+                fail("Multipath preference is neither previous (" + oldValue
+                        + ") nor expected (" + expectedValue + ")");
+            }
+            SystemClock.sleep(INTERVAL_MULTIPATH_PREF_CHECK_MS);
+        }
+        fail("Timed out waiting for multipath preference to change. expected = "
+                + expectedValue + " ; actual = " + mCm.getMultipathPreference(network));
+    }
+
+    private int getCurrentMeteredMultipathPreference(ContentResolver resolver) {
+        final String rawMeteredPref = Settings.Global.getString(resolver,
+                NETWORK_METERED_MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE);
+        return TextUtils.isEmpty(rawMeteredPref)
+            ? getIntResourceForName(NETWORK_METERED_MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_RES_NAME)
+            : Integer.parseInt(rawMeteredPref);
+    }
+
+    private int findNextPrefValue(ContentResolver resolver) {
+        // A bit of a nuclear hammer, but race conditions in CTS are bad. To be able to
+        // detect a correct setting value without race conditions, the next pref must
+        // be a valid value (range 0..3) that is different from the old setting of the
+        // metered preference and from the unmetered preference.
+        final int meteredPref = getCurrentMeteredMultipathPreference(resolver);
+        final int unmeteredPref = ConnectivityManager.MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_UNMETERED;
+        if (0 != meteredPref && 0 != unmeteredPref) return 0;
+        if (1 != meteredPref && 1 != unmeteredPref) return 1;
+        return 2;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verify that getMultipathPreference does return appropriate values
+     * for metered and unmetered networks.
+     */
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get WifiManager in instant app mode")
+    @Test
+    public void testGetMultipathPreference() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI));
+        final ContentResolver resolver = mContext.getContentResolver();
+        mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
+        final String ssid = unquoteSSID(mWifiManager.getConnectionInfo().getSSID());
+        final String oldMeteredSetting = getWifiMeteredStatus(ssid);
+        final String oldMeteredMultipathPreference = Settings.Global.getString(
+                resolver, NETWORK_METERED_MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE);
+        try {
+            final int initialMeteredPreference = getCurrentMeteredMultipathPreference(resolver);
+            int newMeteredPreference = findNextPrefValue(resolver);
+            Settings.Global.putString(resolver, NETWORK_METERED_MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE,
+                    Integer.toString(newMeteredPreference));
+            // Wifi meteredness changes from unmetered to metered will disconnect and reconnect
+            // since R.
+            final Network network = setWifiMeteredStatusAndWait(ssid, true /* isMetered */,
+                    false /* waitForValidation */);
+            assertEquals(ssid, unquoteSSID(mWifiManager.getConnectionInfo().getSSID()));
+            assertEquals(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(network).hasCapability(
+                    NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED), false);
+            assertMultipathPreferenceIsEventually(network, initialMeteredPreference,
+                    newMeteredPreference);
+
+            final int oldMeteredPreference = newMeteredPreference;
+            newMeteredPreference = findNextPrefValue(resolver);
+            Settings.Global.putString(resolver, NETWORK_METERED_MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE,
+                    Integer.toString(newMeteredPreference));
+            assertEquals(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(network).hasCapability(
+                    NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED), false);
+            assertMultipathPreferenceIsEventually(network,
+                    oldMeteredPreference, newMeteredPreference);
+
+            // No disconnect from unmetered to metered.
+            setWifiMeteredStatusAndWait(ssid, false /* isMetered */, false /* waitForValidation */);
+            assertEquals(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(network).hasCapability(
+                    NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED), true);
+            assertMultipathPreferenceIsEventually(network, newMeteredPreference,
+                    ConnectivityManager.MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_UNMETERED);
+        } finally {
+            Settings.Global.putString(resolver, NETWORK_METERED_MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE,
+                    oldMeteredMultipathPreference);
+            setWifiMeteredStatus(ssid, oldMeteredSetting);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // TODO: move the following socket keep alive test to dedicated test class.
+    /**
+     * Callback used in tcp keepalive offload that allows caller to wait callback fires.
+     */
+    private static class TestSocketKeepaliveCallback extends SocketKeepalive.Callback {
+        public enum CallbackType { ON_STARTED, ON_STOPPED, ON_ERROR };
+
+        public static class CallbackValue {
+            public final CallbackType callbackType;
+            public final int error;
+
+            private CallbackValue(final CallbackType type, final int error) {
+                this.callbackType = type;
+                this.error = error;
+            }
+
+            public static class OnStartedCallback extends CallbackValue {
+                OnStartedCallback() { super(CallbackType.ON_STARTED, 0); }
+            }
+
+            public static class OnStoppedCallback extends CallbackValue {
+                OnStoppedCallback() { super(CallbackType.ON_STOPPED, 0); }
+            }
+
+            public static class OnErrorCallback extends CallbackValue {
+                OnErrorCallback(final int error) { super(CallbackType.ON_ERROR, error); }
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public boolean equals(Object o) {
+                return o.getClass() == this.getClass()
+                        && this.callbackType == ((CallbackValue) o).callbackType
+                        && this.error == ((CallbackValue) o).error;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public String toString() {
+                return String.format("%s(%s, %d)", getClass().getSimpleName(), callbackType, error);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private final LinkedBlockingQueue<CallbackValue> mCallbacks = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();
+
+        @Override
+        public void onStarted() {
+            mCallbacks.add(new CallbackValue.OnStartedCallback());
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onStopped() {
+            mCallbacks.add(new CallbackValue.OnStoppedCallback());
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onError(final int error) {
+            mCallbacks.add(new CallbackValue.OnErrorCallback(error));
+        }
+
+        public CallbackValue pollCallback() {
+            try {
+                return mCallbacks.poll(KEEPALIVE_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS,
+                        TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                fail("Callback not seen after " + KEEPALIVE_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS + " ms");
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+        private void expectCallback(CallbackValue expectedCallback) {
+            final CallbackValue actualCallback = pollCallback();
+            assertEquals(expectedCallback, actualCallback);
+        }
+
+        public void expectStarted() {
+            expectCallback(new CallbackValue.OnStartedCallback());
+        }
+
+        public void expectStopped() {
+            expectCallback(new CallbackValue.OnStoppedCallback());
+        }
+
+        public void expectError(int error) {
+            expectCallback(new CallbackValue.OnErrorCallback(error));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private InetAddress getAddrByName(final String hostname, final int family) throws Exception {
+        final InetAddress[] allAddrs = InetAddress.getAllByName(hostname);
+        for (InetAddress addr : allAddrs) {
+            if (family == AF_INET && addr instanceof Inet4Address) return addr;
+
+            if (family == AF_INET6 && addr instanceof Inet6Address) return addr;
+
+            if (family == AF_UNSPEC) return addr;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private Socket getConnectedSocket(final Network network, final String host, final int port,
+            final int family) throws Exception {
+        final Socket s = network.getSocketFactory().createSocket();
+        try {
+            final InetAddress addr = getAddrByName(host, family);
+            if (addr == null) fail("Fail to get destination address for " + family);
+
+            final InetSocketAddress sockAddr = new InetSocketAddress(addr, port);
+            s.connect(sockAddr);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            s.close();
+            throw e;
+        }
+        return s;
+    }
+
+    private int getSupportedKeepalivesForNet(@NonNull Network network) throws Exception {
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(network);
+
+        // Get number of supported concurrent keepalives for testing network.
+        final int[] keepalivesPerTransport = KeepaliveUtils.getSupportedKeepalives(mContext);
+        return KeepaliveUtils.getSupportedKeepalivesForNetworkCapabilities(
+                keepalivesPerTransport, nc);
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isTcpKeepaliveSupportedByKernel() {
+        final String kVersionString = VintfRuntimeInfo.getKernelVersion();
+        return compareMajorMinorVersion(kVersionString, "4.8") >= 0;
+    }
+
+    private static Pair<Integer, Integer> getVersionFromString(String version) {
+        // Only gets major and minor number of the version string.
+        final Pattern versionPattern = Pattern.compile("^(\\d+)(\\.(\\d+))?.*");
+        final Matcher m = versionPattern.matcher(version);
+        if (m.matches()) {
+            final int major = Integer.parseInt(m.group(1));
+            final int minor = TextUtils.isEmpty(m.group(3)) ? 0 : Integer.parseInt(m.group(3));
+            return new Pair<>(major, minor);
+        } else {
+            return new Pair<>(0, 0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Move to util class.
+    private static int compareMajorMinorVersion(final String s1, final String s2) {
+        final Pair<Integer, Integer> v1 = getVersionFromString(s1);
+        final Pair<Integer, Integer> v2 = getVersionFromString(s2);
+
+        if (v1.first == v2.first) {
+            return Integer.compare(v1.second, v2.second);
+        } else {
+            return Integer.compare(v1.first, v2.first);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verifies that version string compare logic returns expected result for various cases.
+     * Note that only major and minor number are compared.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testMajorMinorVersionCompare() {
+        assertEquals(0, compareMajorMinorVersion("4.8.1", "4.8"));
+        assertEquals(1, compareMajorMinorVersion("4.9", "4.8.1"));
+        assertEquals(1, compareMajorMinorVersion("5.0", "4.8"));
+        assertEquals(1, compareMajorMinorVersion("5", "4.8"));
+        assertEquals(0, compareMajorMinorVersion("5", "5.0"));
+        assertEquals(1, compareMajorMinorVersion("5-beta1", "4.8"));
+        assertEquals(0, compareMajorMinorVersion("4.8.0.0", "4.8"));
+        assertEquals(0, compareMajorMinorVersion("4.8-RC1", "4.8"));
+        assertEquals(0, compareMajorMinorVersion("4.8", "4.8"));
+        assertEquals(-1, compareMajorMinorVersion("3.10", "4.8.0"));
+        assertEquals(-1, compareMajorMinorVersion("4.7.10.10", "4.8"));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verifies that the keepalive API cannot create any keepalive when the maximum number of
+     * keepalives is set to 0.
+     */
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get WifiManager in instant app mode")
+    @Test
+    public void testKeepaliveWifiUnsupported() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI));
+
+        final Network network = mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
+        if (getSupportedKeepalivesForNet(network) != 0) return;
+        final InetAddress srcAddr = getFirstV4Address(network);
+        assumeTrue("This test requires native IPv4", srcAddr != null);
+
+        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> {
+            assertEquals(0, createConcurrentSocketKeepalives(network, srcAddr, 1, 0));
+            assertEquals(0, createConcurrentSocketKeepalives(network, srcAddr, 0, 1));
+        });
+    }
+
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get WifiManager in instant app mode")
+    @Test
+    @RequiresDevice // Keepalive is not supported on virtual hardware
+    public void testCreateTcpKeepalive() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI));
+
+        final Network network = mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
+        if (getSupportedKeepalivesForNet(network) == 0) return;
+        final InetAddress srcAddr = getFirstV4Address(network);
+        assumeTrue("This test requires native IPv4", srcAddr != null);
+
+        // If kernel < 4.8 then it doesn't support TCP keepalive, but it might still support
+        // NAT-T keepalive. If keepalive limits from resource overlay is not zero, TCP keepalive
+        // needs to be supported except if the kernel doesn't support it.
+        if (!isTcpKeepaliveSupportedByKernel()) {
+            // Verify that the callback result is expected.
+            runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> {
+                assertEquals(0, createConcurrentSocketKeepalives(network, srcAddr, 0, 1));
+            });
+            Log.i(TAG, "testCreateTcpKeepalive is skipped for kernel "
+                    + VintfRuntimeInfo.getKernelVersion());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final byte[] requestBytes = CtsNetUtils.HTTP_REQUEST.getBytes("UTF-8");
+        // So far only ipv4 tcp keepalive offload is supported.
+        // TODO: add test case for ipv6 tcp keepalive offload when it is supported.
+        try (Socket s = getConnectedSocket(network, TEST_HOST, HTTP_PORT, AF_INET)) {
+
+            // Should able to start keep alive offload when socket is idle.
+            final Executor executor = mContext.getMainExecutor();
+            final TestSocketKeepaliveCallback callback = new TestSocketKeepaliveCallback();
+
+            mUiAutomation.adoptShellPermissionIdentity();
+            try (SocketKeepalive sk = mCm.createSocketKeepalive(network, s, executor, callback)) {
+                sk.start(MIN_KEEPALIVE_INTERVAL);
+                callback.expectStarted();
+
+                // App should not able to write during keepalive offload.
+                final OutputStream out = s.getOutputStream();
+                try {
+                    out.write(requestBytes);
+                    fail("Should not able to write");
+                } catch (IOException e) { }
+                // App should not able to read during keepalive offload.
+                final InputStream in = s.getInputStream();
+                byte[] responseBytes = new byte[4096];
+                try {
+                    in.read(responseBytes);
+                    fail("Should not able to read");
+                } catch (IOException e) { }
+
+                // Stop.
+                sk.stop();
+                callback.expectStopped();
+            } finally {
+                mUiAutomation.dropShellPermissionIdentity();
+            }
+
+            // Ensure socket is still connected.
+            assertTrue(s.isConnected());
+            assertFalse(s.isClosed());
+
+            // Let socket be not idle.
+            try {
+                final OutputStream out = s.getOutputStream();
+                out.write(requestBytes);
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                fail("Failed to write data " + e);
+            }
+            // Make sure response data arrives.
+            final MessageQueue fdHandlerQueue = Looper.getMainLooper().getQueue();
+            final FileDescriptor fd = s.getFileDescriptor$();
+            final CountDownLatch mOnReceiveLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+            fdHandlerQueue.addOnFileDescriptorEventListener(fd, EVENT_INPUT, (readyFd, events) -> {
+                mOnReceiveLatch.countDown();
+                return 0; // Unregister listener.
+            });
+            if (!mOnReceiveLatch.await(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
+                fdHandlerQueue.removeOnFileDescriptorEventListener(fd);
+                fail("Timeout: no response data");
+            }
+
+            // Should get ERROR_SOCKET_NOT_IDLE because there is still data in the receive queue
+            // that has not been read.
+            mUiAutomation.adoptShellPermissionIdentity();
+            try (SocketKeepalive sk = mCm.createSocketKeepalive(network, s, executor, callback)) {
+                sk.start(MIN_KEEPALIVE_INTERVAL);
+                callback.expectError(SocketKeepalive.ERROR_SOCKET_NOT_IDLE);
+            } finally {
+                mUiAutomation.dropShellPermissionIdentity();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private ArrayList<SocketKeepalive> createConcurrentKeepalivesOfType(
+            int requestCount, @NonNull TestSocketKeepaliveCallback callback,
+            Supplier<SocketKeepalive> kaFactory) {
+        final ArrayList<SocketKeepalive> kalist = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        int remainingRetries = MAX_KEEPALIVE_RETRY_COUNT;
+
+        // Test concurrent keepalives with the given supplier.
+        while (kalist.size() < requestCount) {
+            final SocketKeepalive ka = kaFactory.get();
+            ka.start(MIN_KEEPALIVE_INTERVAL);
+            TestSocketKeepaliveCallback.CallbackValue cv = callback.pollCallback();
+            assertNotNull(cv);
+            if (cv.callbackType == TestSocketKeepaliveCallback.CallbackType.ON_ERROR) {
+                if (kalist.size() == 0 && cv.error == SocketKeepalive.ERROR_UNSUPPORTED) {
+                    // Unsupported.
+                    break;
+                } else if (cv.error == SocketKeepalive.ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES) {
+                    // Limit reached or temporary unavailable due to stopped slot is not yet
+                    // released.
+                    if (remainingRetries > 0) {
+                        SystemClock.sleep(INTERVAL_KEEPALIVE_RETRY_MS);
+                        remainingRetries--;
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (cv.callbackType == TestSocketKeepaliveCallback.CallbackType.ON_STARTED) {
+                kalist.add(ka);
+            } else {
+                fail("Unexpected error when creating " + (kalist.size() + 1) + " "
+                        + ka.getClass().getSimpleName() + ": " + cv);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return kalist;
+    }
+
+    private @NonNull ArrayList<SocketKeepalive> createConcurrentNattSocketKeepalives(
+            @NonNull Network network, @NonNull InetAddress srcAddr, int requestCount,
+            @NonNull TestSocketKeepaliveCallback callback)  throws Exception {
+
+        final Executor executor = mContext.getMainExecutor();
+
+        // Initialize a real NaT-T socket.
+        final IpSecManager mIpSec = (IpSecManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.IPSEC_SERVICE);
+        final UdpEncapsulationSocket nattSocket = mIpSec.openUdpEncapsulationSocket();
+        final InetAddress dstAddr = getAddrByName(TEST_HOST, AF_INET);
+        assertNotNull(srcAddr);
+        assertNotNull(dstAddr);
+
+        // Test concurrent Nat-T keepalives.
+        final ArrayList<SocketKeepalive> result = createConcurrentKeepalivesOfType(requestCount,
+                callback, () -> mCm.createSocketKeepalive(network, nattSocket,
+                        srcAddr, dstAddr, executor, callback));
+
+        nattSocket.close();
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    private @NonNull ArrayList<SocketKeepalive> createConcurrentTcpSocketKeepalives(
+            @NonNull Network network, int requestCount,
+            @NonNull TestSocketKeepaliveCallback callback) {
+        final Executor executor = mContext.getMainExecutor();
+
+        // Create concurrent TCP keepalives.
+        return createConcurrentKeepalivesOfType(requestCount, callback, () -> {
+            // Assert that TCP connections can be established. The file descriptor of tcp
+            // sockets will be duplicated and kept valid in service side if the keepalives are
+            // successfully started.
+            try (Socket tcpSocket = getConnectedSocket(network, TEST_HOST, HTTP_PORT,
+                    AF_INET)) {
+                return mCm.createSocketKeepalive(network, tcpSocket, executor, callback);
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                fail("Unexpected error when creating TCP socket: " + e);
+            }
+            return null;
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates concurrent keepalives until the specified counts of each type of keepalives are
+     * reached or the expected error callbacks are received for each type of keepalives.
+     *
+     * @return the total number of keepalives created.
+     */
+    private int createConcurrentSocketKeepalives(
+            @NonNull Network network, @NonNull InetAddress srcAddr, int nattCount, int tcpCount)
+            throws Exception {
+        final ArrayList<SocketKeepalive> kalist = new ArrayList<>();
+        final TestSocketKeepaliveCallback callback = new TestSocketKeepaliveCallback();
+
+        kalist.addAll(createConcurrentNattSocketKeepalives(network, srcAddr, nattCount, callback));
+        kalist.addAll(createConcurrentTcpSocketKeepalives(network, tcpCount, callback));
+
+        final int ret = kalist.size();
+
+        // Clean up.
+        for (final SocketKeepalive ka : kalist) {
+            ka.stop();
+            callback.expectStopped();
+        }
+        kalist.clear();
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verifies that the concurrent keepalive slots meet the minimum requirement, and don't
+     * get leaked after iterations.
+     */
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get WifiManager in instant app mode")
+    @Test
+    @RequiresDevice // Keepalive is not supported on virtual hardware
+    public void testSocketKeepaliveLimitWifi() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI));
+
+        final Network network = mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
+        final int supported = getSupportedKeepalivesForNet(network);
+        if (supported == 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+        final InetAddress srcAddr = getFirstV4Address(network);
+        assumeTrue("This test requires native IPv4", srcAddr != null);
+
+        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> {
+            // Verifies that the supported keepalive slots meet MIN_SUPPORTED_KEEPALIVE_COUNT.
+            assertGreaterOrEqual(supported, MIN_SUPPORTED_WIFI_KEEPALIVE_COUNT);
+
+            // Verifies that Nat-T keepalives can be established.
+            assertEquals(supported, createConcurrentSocketKeepalives(network, srcAddr,
+                    supported + 1, 0));
+            // Verifies that keepalives don't get leaked in second round.
+            assertEquals(supported, createConcurrentSocketKeepalives(network, srcAddr, supported,
+                    0));
+        });
+
+        // If kernel < 4.8 then it doesn't support TCP keepalive, but it might still support
+        // NAT-T keepalive. Test below cases only if TCP keepalive is supported by kernel.
+        if (!isTcpKeepaliveSupportedByKernel()) return;
+
+        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> {
+            assertEquals(supported, createConcurrentSocketKeepalives(network, srcAddr, 0,
+                    supported + 1));
+
+            // Verifies that different types can be established at the same time.
+            assertEquals(supported, createConcurrentSocketKeepalives(network, srcAddr,
+                    supported / 2, supported - supported / 2));
+
+            // Verifies that keepalives don't get leaked in second round.
+            assertEquals(supported, createConcurrentSocketKeepalives(network, srcAddr, 0,
+                    supported));
+            assertEquals(supported, createConcurrentSocketKeepalives(network, srcAddr,
+                    supported / 2, supported - supported / 2));
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verifies that the concurrent keepalive slots meet the minimum telephony requirement, and
+     * don't get leaked after iterations.
+     */
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot request network in instant app mode")
+    @Test
+    @RequiresDevice // Keepalive is not supported on virtual hardware
+    public void testSocketKeepaliveLimitTelephony() throws Exception {
+        if (!mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_TELEPHONY)) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "testSocketKeepaliveLimitTelephony cannot execute unless device"
+                    + " supports telephony");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final int firstSdk = SdkLevel.isAtLeastS()
+                ? Build.VERSION.DEVICE_INITIAL_SDK_INT
+                // FIRST_SDK_INT was a @TestApi field renamed to DEVICE_INITIAL_SDK_INT in S
+                : Build.VERSION.class.getField("FIRST_SDK_INT").getInt(null);
+        if (firstSdk < Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "testSocketKeepaliveLimitTelephony: skip test for devices launching"
+                    + " before Q: " + firstSdk);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final Network network = mCtsNetUtils.connectToCell();
+        final int supported = getSupportedKeepalivesForNet(network);
+        final InetAddress srcAddr = getFirstV4Address(network);
+        assumeTrue("This test requires native IPv4", srcAddr != null);
+
+        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> {
+            // Verifies that the supported keepalive slots meet minimum requirement.
+            assertGreaterOrEqual(supported, MIN_SUPPORTED_CELLULAR_KEEPALIVE_COUNT);
+            // Verifies that Nat-T keepalives can be established.
+            assertEquals(supported, createConcurrentSocketKeepalives(network, srcAddr,
+                    supported + 1, 0));
+            // Verifies that keepalives don't get leaked in second round.
+            assertEquals(supported, createConcurrentSocketKeepalives(network, srcAddr, supported,
+                    0));
+        });
+    }
+
+    private int getIntResourceForName(@NonNull String resName) {
+        final Resources r = mContext.getResources();
+        final int resId = r.getIdentifier(resName, "integer", "android");
+        return r.getInteger(resId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verifies that the keepalive slots are limited as customized for unprivileged requests.
+     */
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get WifiManager in instant app mode")
+    @Test
+    @RequiresDevice // Keepalive is not supported on virtual hardware
+    public void testSocketKeepaliveUnprivileged() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI));
+
+        final Network network = mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
+        final int supported = getSupportedKeepalivesForNet(network);
+        if (supported == 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+        final InetAddress srcAddr = getFirstV4Address(network);
+        assumeTrue("This test requires native IPv4", srcAddr != null);
+
+        // Resource ID might be shifted on devices that compiled with different symbols.
+        // Thus, resolve ID at runtime is needed.
+        final int allowedUnprivilegedPerUid =
+                getIntResourceForName(KEEPALIVE_ALLOWED_UNPRIVILEGED_RES_NAME);
+        final int reservedPrivilegedSlots =
+                getIntResourceForName(KEEPALIVE_RESERVED_PER_SLOT_RES_NAME);
+        // Verifies that unprivileged request per uid cannot exceed the limit customized in the
+        // resource. Currently, unprivileged keepalive slots are limited to Nat-T only, this test
+        // does not apply to TCP.
+        assertGreaterOrEqual(supported, reservedPrivilegedSlots);
+        assertGreaterOrEqual(supported, allowedUnprivilegedPerUid);
+        final int expectedUnprivileged =
+                Math.min(allowedUnprivilegedPerUid, supported - reservedPrivilegedSlots);
+        assertEquals(expectedUnprivileged,
+                createConcurrentSocketKeepalives(network, srcAddr, supported + 1, 0));
+    }
+
+    private static void assertGreaterOrEqual(long greater, long lesser) {
+        assertTrue("" + greater + " expected to be greater than or equal to " + lesser,
+                greater >= lesser);
+    }
+
+    private void verifyBindSocketToRestrictedNetworkDisallowed() throws Exception {
+        final TestableNetworkCallback testNetworkCb = new TestableNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest testRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                .removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+                .removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(CompatUtil.makeTestNetworkSpecifier(
+                        TEST_RESTRICTED_NW_IFACE_NAME))
+                .build();
+        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> requestNetwork(testRequest, testNetworkCb),
+                CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS,
+                // CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL is for requesting restricted network because shell does not
+                // have CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS on R.
+                CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL);
+
+        // Create a restricted network and ensure this package cannot bind to that network either.
+        final NetworkAgent agent = createRestrictedNetworkAgent(mContext);
+        final Network network = agent.getNetwork();
+
+        try (Socket socket = new Socket()) {
+            // Verify that the network is restricted.
+            testNetworkCb.eventuallyExpect(CallbackEntry.NETWORK_CAPS_UPDATED,
+                    NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS,
+                    entry -> network.equals(entry.getNetwork())
+                            && (!((CallbackEntry.CapabilitiesChanged) entry).getCaps()
+                            .hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)));
+            // CtsNetTestCases package doesn't hold CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS, so it
+            // does not allow to bind socket to restricted network.
+            assertThrows(IOException.class, () -> network.bindSocket(socket));
+        } finally {
+            agent.unregister();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verifies that apps are not allowed to access restricted networks even if they declare the
+     * CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS permission in their manifests.
+     * See. b/144679405.
+     */
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get WifiManager in instant app mode")
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testRestrictedNetworkPermission() throws Exception {
+        // Ensure that CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS isn't granted to this package.
+        final PackageInfo app = mPackageManager.getPackageInfo(mContext.getPackageName(),
+                GET_PERMISSIONS);
+        final int index = ArrayUtils.indexOf(
+                app.requestedPermissions, CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS);
+        assertTrue(index >= 0);
+        assertTrue(app.requestedPermissionsFlags[index] != PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+
+        if (mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI)) {
+            // Expect binding to the wifi network to succeed.
+            final Network wifiNetwork = mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
+            try (Socket socket = new Socket()) {
+                wifiNetwork.bindSocket(socket);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Ensure that this package cannot bind to any restricted network that's currently
+        // connected.
+        Network[] networks = mCm.getAllNetworks();
+        for (Network network : networks) {
+            final NetworkCapabilities nc = mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(network);
+            if (nc == null) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            try (Socket socket = new Socket()) {
+                if (nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)) {
+                    network.bindSocket(socket);  // binding should succeed
+                } else {
+                    assertThrows(IOException.class, () -> network.bindSocket(socket));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        verifyBindSocketToRestrictedNetworkDisallowed();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verifies that apps are allowed to call setAirplaneMode if they declare
+     * NETWORK_AIRPLANE_MODE permission in their manifests.
+     * See b/145164696.
+     */
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "NETWORK_AIRPLANE_MODE permission can't be granted to instant apps")
+    @Test
+    public void testSetAirplaneMode() throws Exception{
+        final boolean supportWifi = mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI);
+        final boolean supportTelephony = mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_TELEPHONY);
+        // store the current state of airplane mode
+        final boolean isAirplaneModeEnabled = isAirplaneModeEnabled();
+        final TestableNetworkCallback wifiCb = new TestableNetworkCallback();
+        final TestableNetworkCallback telephonyCb = new TestableNetworkCallback();
+        // disable airplane mode to reach a known state
+        runShellCommand("cmd connectivity airplane-mode disable");
+        // Verify that networks are available as expected if wifi or cell is supported. Continue the
+        // test if none of them are supported since test should still able to verify the permission
+        // mechanism.
+        if (supportWifi) {
+            mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
+            registerCallbackAndWaitForAvailable(makeWifiNetworkRequest(), wifiCb);
+        }
+        if (supportTelephony) {
+            // connectToCell needs to be followed by disconnectFromCell, which is called in tearDown
+            mCtsNetUtils.connectToCell();
+            registerCallbackAndWaitForAvailable(makeCellNetworkRequest(), telephonyCb);
+        }
+
+        try {
+            // Verify we cannot set Airplane Mode without correct permission:
+            try {
+                setAndVerifyAirplaneMode(true);
+                fail("SecurityException should have been thrown when setAirplaneMode was called"
+                        + "without holding permission NETWORK_AIRPLANE_MODE.");
+            } catch (SecurityException expected) {}
+
+            // disable airplane mode again to reach a known state
+            runShellCommand("cmd connectivity airplane-mode disable");
+
+            // adopt shell permission which holds NETWORK_AIRPLANE_MODE
+            mUiAutomation.adoptShellPermissionIdentity();
+
+            // Verify we can enable Airplane Mode with correct permission:
+            try {
+                setAndVerifyAirplaneMode(true);
+            } catch (SecurityException e) {
+                fail("SecurityException should not have been thrown when setAirplaneMode(true) was"
+                        + "called whilst holding the NETWORK_AIRPLANE_MODE permission.");
+            }
+            // Verify that the enabling airplane mode takes effect as expected to prevent flakiness
+            // caused by fast airplane mode switches. Ensure network lost before turning off
+            // airplane mode.
+            if (supportWifi) waitForLost(wifiCb);
+            if (supportTelephony) waitForLost(telephonyCb);
+
+            // Verify we can disable Airplane Mode with correct permission:
+            try {
+                setAndVerifyAirplaneMode(false);
+            } catch (SecurityException e) {
+                fail("SecurityException should not have been thrown when setAirplaneMode(false) was"
+                        + "called whilst holding the NETWORK_AIRPLANE_MODE permission.");
+            }
+            // Verify that turning airplane mode off takes effect as expected.
+            // connectToCell only registers a request, it cannot / does not need to be called twice
+            mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
+            if (supportWifi) waitForAvailable(wifiCb);
+            if (supportTelephony) waitForAvailable(telephonyCb);
+        } finally {
+            // Restore the previous state of airplane mode and permissions:
+            runShellCommand("cmd connectivity airplane-mode "
+                    + (isAirplaneModeEnabled ? "enable" : "disable"));
+            mUiAutomation.dropShellPermissionIdentity();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void registerCallbackAndWaitForAvailable(@NonNull final NetworkRequest request,
+            @NonNull final TestableNetworkCallback cb) {
+        registerNetworkCallback(request, cb);
+        waitForAvailable(cb);
+    }
+
+    private void waitForAvailable(@NonNull final TestableNetworkCallback cb) {
+        cb.eventuallyExpect(CallbackEntry.AVAILABLE, NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS,
+                c -> c instanceof CallbackEntry.Available);
+    }
+
+    private void waitForAvailable(
+            @NonNull final TestableNetworkCallback cb, final int expectedTransport) {
+        cb.eventuallyExpect(
+                CallbackEntry.AVAILABLE, NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS,
+                entry -> {
+                    final NetworkCapabilities nc = mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(entry.getNetwork());
+                    return nc.hasTransport(expectedTransport);
+                }
+        );
+    }
+
+    private void waitForAvailable(
+            @NonNull final TestableNetworkCallback cb, @NonNull final Network expectedNetwork) {
+        cb.expectAvailableCallbacks(expectedNetwork, false /* suspended */,
+                null /* validated */,
+                false /* blocked */, NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS);
+    }
+
+    private void waitForLost(@NonNull final TestableNetworkCallback cb) {
+        cb.eventuallyExpect(CallbackEntry.LOST, NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS,
+                c -> c instanceof CallbackEntry.Lost);
+    }
+
+    private void setAndVerifyAirplaneMode(Boolean expectedResult)
+            throws Exception {
+        final CompletableFuture<Boolean> actualResult = new CompletableFuture();
+        BroadcastReceiver receiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
+            @Override
+            public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+                // The defaultValue of getExtraBoolean should be the opposite of what is
+                // expected, thus ensuring a test failure if the extra is absent.
+                actualResult.complete(intent.getBooleanExtra("state", !expectedResult));
+            }
+        };
+        try {
+            mContext.registerReceiver(receiver,
+                    new IntentFilter(Intent.ACTION_AIRPLANE_MODE_CHANGED));
+            mCm.setAirplaneMode(expectedResult);
+            final String msg = "Setting Airplane Mode failed,";
+            assertEquals(msg, expectedResult, actualResult.get(AIRPLANE_MODE_CHANGE_TIMEOUT_MS,
+                    TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+        } finally {
+            mContext.unregisterReceiver(receiver);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isAirplaneModeEnabled() {
+        return runShellCommand("cmd connectivity airplane-mode")
+                .trim().equals("enabled");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetCaptivePortalServerUrl() {
+        final String permission = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT <= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q
+                ? CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL
+                : NETWORK_SETTINGS;
+        final String url = runAsShell(permission, mCm::getCaptivePortalServerUrl);
+        assertNotNull("getCaptivePortalServerUrl must not be null", url);
+        try {
+            final URL parsedUrl = new URL(url);
+            // As per the javadoc, the URL must be HTTP
+            assertEquals("Invalid captive portal URL protocol", "http", parsedUrl.getProtocol());
+        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
+            throw new AssertionFailedError("Captive portal server URL is invalid: " + e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verifies that apps are forbidden from getting ssid information from
+     * {@Code NetworkCapabilities} if they do not hold NETWORK_SETTINGS permission.
+     * See b/161370134.
+     */
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get WifiManager in instant app mode")
+    @Test
+    public void testSsidInNetworkCapabilities() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue("testSsidInNetworkCapabilities cannot execute unless device supports WiFi",
+                mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI));
+
+        final Network network = mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
+        final String ssid = unquoteSSID(mWifiManager.getConnectionInfo().getSSID());
+        assertNotNull("Ssid getting from WifiManager is null", ssid);
+        // This package should have no NETWORK_SETTINGS permission. Verify that no ssid is contained
+        // in the NetworkCapabilities.
+        verifySsidFromQueriedNetworkCapabilities(network, ssid, false /* hasSsid */);
+        verifySsidFromCallbackNetworkCapabilities(ssid, false /* hasSsid */);
+        // Adopt shell permission to allow to get ssid information.
+        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> {
+            verifySsidFromQueriedNetworkCapabilities(network, ssid, true /* hasSsid */);
+            verifySsidFromCallbackNetworkCapabilities(ssid, true /* hasSsid */);
+        });
+    }
+
+    private void verifySsidFromQueriedNetworkCapabilities(@NonNull Network network,
+            @NonNull String ssid, boolean hasSsid) throws Exception {
+        // Verify if ssid is contained in NetworkCapabilities queried from ConnectivityManager.
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(network);
+        assertNotNull("NetworkCapabilities of the network is null", nc);
+        assertEquals(hasSsid, Pattern.compile(ssid).matcher(nc.toString()).find());
+    }
+
+    private void verifySsidFromCallbackNetworkCapabilities(@NonNull String ssid, boolean hasSsid)
+            throws Exception {
+        final CompletableFuture<NetworkCapabilities> foundNc = new CompletableFuture();
+        final NetworkCallback callback = new NetworkCallback() {
+            @Override
+            public void onCapabilitiesChanged(Network network, NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+                foundNc.complete(nc);
+            }
+        };
+
+        registerNetworkCallback(makeWifiNetworkRequest(), callback);
+        // Registering a callback here guarantees onCapabilitiesChanged is called immediately
+        // because WiFi network should be connected.
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc =
+                foundNc.get(NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        // Verify if ssid is contained in the NetworkCapabilities received from callback.
+        assertNotNull("NetworkCapabilities of the network is null", nc);
+        assertEquals(hasSsid, Pattern.compile(ssid).matcher(nc.toString()).find());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verify background request can only be requested when acquiring
+     * {@link android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS}.
+     */
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Instant apps cannot create test networks")
+    @Test
+    public void testRequestBackgroundNetwork() {
+        // Cannot use @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R) because this test also requires API 31
+        // shims, and @IgnoreUpTo does not check that.
+        assumeTrue(TestUtils.shouldTestSApis());
+
+        // Create a tun interface. Use the returned interface name as the specifier to create
+        // a test network request.
+        final TestNetworkManager tnm = runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() ->
+                mContext.getSystemService(TestNetworkManager.class),
+                android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS);
+        final TestNetworkInterface testNetworkInterface = runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() ->
+                    tnm.createTunInterface(new LinkAddress[]{TEST_LINKADDR}),
+                android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS,
+                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+        assertNotNull(testNetworkInterface);
+
+        final NetworkRequest testRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                // Test networks do not have NOT_VPN or TRUSTED capabilities by default
+                .removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
+                .removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(CompatUtil.makeTestNetworkSpecifier(
+                        testNetworkInterface.getInterfaceName()))
+                .build();
+
+        // Verify background network cannot be requested without NETWORK_SETTINGS permission.
+        final TestableNetworkCallback callback = new TestableNetworkCallback();
+        final Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class,
+                () -> requestBackgroundNetwork(testRequest, callback, handler));
+
+        Network testNetwork = null;
+        try {
+            // Request background test network via Shell identity which has NETWORK_SETTINGS
+            // permission granted.
+            runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
+                    () -> requestBackgroundNetwork(testRequest, callback, handler),
+                    new String[] { android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS });
+
+            // Register the test network agent which has no foreground request associated to it.
+            // And verify it can satisfy the background network request just fired.
+            final Binder binder = new Binder();
+            runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() ->
+                    tnm.setupTestNetwork(testNetworkInterface.getInterfaceName(), binder),
+                    new String[] { android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS,
+                            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS });
+            waitForAvailable(callback);
+            testNetwork = callback.getLastAvailableNetwork();
+            assertNotNull(testNetwork);
+
+            // The test network that has just connected is a foreground network,
+            // non-listen requests will get available callback before it can be put into
+            // background if no foreground request can be satisfied. Thus, wait for a short
+            // period is needed to let foreground capability go away.
+            callback.eventuallyExpect(CallbackEntry.NETWORK_CAPS_UPDATED,
+                    NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS,
+                    c -> c instanceof CallbackEntry.CapabilitiesChanged
+                            && !((CallbackEntry.CapabilitiesChanged) c).getCaps()
+                            .hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND));
+            final NetworkCapabilities nc = mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(testNetwork);
+            assertFalse("expected background network, but got " + nc,
+                    nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND));
+        } finally {
+            final Network n = testNetwork;
+            runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> {
+                if (null != n) {
+                    tnm.teardownTestNetwork(n);
+                    callback.eventuallyExpect(CallbackEntry.LOST,
+                            NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS,
+                            lost -> n.equals(lost.getNetwork()));
+                }
+                testNetworkInterface.getFileDescriptor().close();
+            }, new String[] { android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS });
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class DetailedBlockedStatusCallback extends TestableNetworkCallback {
+        public void expectAvailableCallbacks(Network network) {
+            super.expectAvailableCallbacks(network, false /* suspended */, true /* validated */,
+                    BLOCKED_REASON_NONE, NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS);
+        }
+        public void expectBlockedStatusCallback(Network network, int blockedStatus) {
+            super.expectBlockedStatusCallback(blockedStatus, network, NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS);
+        }
+        public void onBlockedStatusChanged(Network network, int blockedReasons) {
+            getHistory().add(new CallbackEntry.BlockedStatusInt(network, blockedReasons));
+        }
+        private void assertNoBlockedStatusCallback() {
+            super.assertNoCallbackThat(NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS,
+                    c -> c instanceof CallbackEntry.BlockedStatus);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void setRequireVpnForUids(boolean requireVpn, Collection<Range<Integer>> ranges)
+            throws Exception {
+        mCmShim.setRequireVpnForUids(requireVpn, ranges);
+        for (Range<Integer> range : ranges) {
+            if (requireVpn) {
+                mVpnRequiredUidRanges.add(range);
+            } else {
+                assertTrue(mVpnRequiredUidRanges.remove(range));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void doTestBlockedStatusCallback() throws Exception {
+        final DetailedBlockedStatusCallback myUidCallback = new DetailedBlockedStatusCallback();
+        final DetailedBlockedStatusCallback otherUidCallback = new DetailedBlockedStatusCallback();
+
+        final int myUid = Process.myUid();
+        final int otherUid = UserHandle.getUid(5, Process.FIRST_APPLICATION_UID);
+        final Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
+
+        registerDefaultNetworkCallback(myUidCallback, handler);
+        registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(otherUid, otherUidCallback, handler);
+
+        final Network defaultNetwork = mCm.getActiveNetwork();
+        final List<DetailedBlockedStatusCallback> allCallbacks =
+                List.of(myUidCallback, otherUidCallback);
+        for (DetailedBlockedStatusCallback callback : allCallbacks) {
+            callback.expectAvailableCallbacks(defaultNetwork);
+        }
+
+        final Range<Integer> myUidRange = new Range<>(myUid, myUid);
+        final Range<Integer> otherUidRange = new Range<>(otherUid, otherUid);
+
+        setRequireVpnForUids(true, List.of(myUidRange));
+        myUidCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(defaultNetwork, BLOCKED_REASON_LOCKDOWN_VPN);
+        otherUidCallback.assertNoBlockedStatusCallback();
+
+        setRequireVpnForUids(true, List.of(myUidRange, otherUidRange));
+        myUidCallback.assertNoBlockedStatusCallback();
+        otherUidCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(defaultNetwork, BLOCKED_REASON_LOCKDOWN_VPN);
+
+        // setRequireVpnForUids does no deduplication or refcounting. Removing myUidRange does not
+        // unblock myUid because it was added to the blocked ranges twice.
+        setRequireVpnForUids(false, List.of(myUidRange));
+        myUidCallback.assertNoBlockedStatusCallback();
+        otherUidCallback.assertNoBlockedStatusCallback();
+
+        setRequireVpnForUids(false, List.of(myUidRange, otherUidRange));
+        myUidCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(defaultNetwork, BLOCKED_REASON_NONE);
+        otherUidCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(defaultNetwork, BLOCKED_REASON_NONE);
+
+        myUidCallback.assertNoBlockedStatusCallback();
+        otherUidCallback.assertNoBlockedStatusCallback();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBlockedStatusCallback() {
+        // Cannot use @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R) because this test also requires API 31
+        // shims, and @IgnoreUpTo does not check that.
+        assumeTrue(TestUtils.shouldTestSApis());
+        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> doTestBlockedStatusCallback(), NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+    }
+
+    private void doTestLegacyLockdownEnabled() throws Exception {
+        NetworkInfo info = mCm.getActiveNetworkInfo();
+        assertNotNull(info);
+        assertEquals(DetailedState.CONNECTED, info.getDetailedState());
+
+        final TestableNetworkCallback callback = new TestableNetworkCallback();
+        try {
+            mCmShim.setLegacyLockdownVpnEnabled(true);
+
+            // setLegacyLockdownVpnEnabled is asynchronous and only takes effect when the
+            // ConnectivityService handler thread processes it. Ensure it has taken effect by doing
+            // something that blocks until the handler thread is idle.
+            registerDefaultNetworkCallback(callback);
+            waitForAvailable(callback);
+
+            // Test one of the effects of setLegacyLockdownVpnEnabled: the fact that any NetworkInfo
+            // in state CONNECTED is degraded to CONNECTING if the legacy VPN is not connected.
+            info = mCm.getActiveNetworkInfo();
+            assertNotNull(info);
+            assertEquals(DetailedState.CONNECTING, info.getDetailedState());
+        } finally {
+            mCmShim.setLegacyLockdownVpnEnabled(false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLegacyLockdownEnabled() {
+        // Cannot use @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R) because this test also requires API 31
+        // shims, and @IgnoreUpTo does not check that.
+        assumeTrue(TestUtils.shouldTestSApis());
+        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> doTestLegacyLockdownEnabled(), NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetCapabilityCarrierName() {
+        assumeTrue(TestUtils.shouldTestSApis());
+        assertEquals("ENTERPRISE", NetworkInformationShimImpl.newInstance()
+                .getCapabilityCarrierName(ConstantsShim.NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE));
+        assertNull(NetworkInformationShimImpl.newInstance()
+                .getCapabilityCarrierName(ConstantsShim.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetGlobalProxy() {
+        assumeTrue(TestUtils.shouldTestSApis());
+        // Behavior is verified in gts. Verify exception thrown w/o permission.
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () -> mCm.setGlobalProxy(
+                ProxyInfo.buildDirectProxy("example.com" /* host */, 8080 /* port */)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFactoryResetWithoutPermission() {
+        assumeTrue(TestUtils.shouldTestSApis());
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () -> mCm.factoryReset());
+    }
+
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get WifiManager in instant app mode")
+    @Test
+    public void testFactoryReset() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(TestUtils.shouldTestSApis());
+
+        // Store current settings.
+        final int curAvoidBadWifi =
+                ConnectivitySettingsManager.getNetworkAvoidBadWifi(mContext);
+        final int curPrivateDnsMode = ConnectivitySettingsManager.getPrivateDnsMode(mContext);
+
+        TestTetheringEventCallback tetherEventCallback = null;
+        final CtsTetheringUtils tetherUtils = new CtsTetheringUtils(mContext);
+        try {
+            tetherEventCallback = tetherUtils.registerTetheringEventCallback();
+            // Adopt for NETWORK_SETTINGS permission.
+            mUiAutomation.adoptShellPermissionIdentity();
+            // start tethering
+            tetherEventCallback.assumeWifiTetheringSupported(mContext);
+            tetherUtils.startWifiTethering(tetherEventCallback);
+            // Update setting to verify the behavior.
+            mCm.setAirplaneMode(true);
+            ConnectivitySettingsManager.setPrivateDnsMode(mContext,
+                    ConnectivitySettingsManager.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OFF);
+            ConnectivitySettingsManager.setNetworkAvoidBadWifi(mContext,
+                    ConnectivitySettingsManager.NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI_IGNORE);
+            assertEquals(AIRPLANE_MODE_ON, Settings.Global.getInt(
+                    mContext.getContentResolver(), Settings.Global.AIRPLANE_MODE_ON));
+            // Verify factoryReset
+            mCm.factoryReset();
+            verifySettings(AIRPLANE_MODE_OFF,
+                    ConnectivitySettingsManager.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC,
+                    ConnectivitySettingsManager.NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI_PROMPT);
+
+            tetherEventCallback.expectNoTetheringActive();
+        } finally {
+            // Restore settings.
+            mCm.setAirplaneMode(false);
+            ConnectivitySettingsManager.setNetworkAvoidBadWifi(mContext, curAvoidBadWifi);
+            ConnectivitySettingsManager.setPrivateDnsMode(mContext, curPrivateDnsMode);
+            if (tetherEventCallback != null) {
+                tetherUtils.unregisterTetheringEventCallback(tetherEventCallback);
+            }
+            tetherUtils.stopAllTethering();
+            mUiAutomation.dropShellPermissionIdentity();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verify that {@link ConnectivityManager#setProfileNetworkPreference} cannot be called
+     * without required NETWORK_STACK permissions.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSetProfileNetworkPreference_NoPermission() {
+        // Cannot use @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R) because this test also requires API 31
+        // shims, and @IgnoreUpTo does not check that.
+        assumeTrue(TestUtils.shouldTestSApis());
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () -> mCm.setProfileNetworkPreference(
+                UserHandle.of(0), PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE, null /* executor */,
+                null /* listener */));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSystemReady() {
+        assumeTrue(TestUtils.shouldTestSApis());
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () -> mCm.systemReady());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetIpSecNetIdRange() {
+        assumeTrue(TestUtils.shouldTestSApis());
+        // The lower refers to ConnectivityManager.TUN_INTF_NETID_START.
+        final long lower = 64512;
+        // The upper refers to ConnectivityManager.TUN_INTF_NETID_START
+        // + ConnectivityManager.TUN_INTF_NETID_RANGE - 1
+        final long upper = 65535;
+        assertEquals(lower, (long) ConnectivityManager.getIpSecNetIdRange().getLower());
+        assertEquals(upper, (long) ConnectivityManager.getIpSecNetIdRange().getUpper());
+    }
+
+    private void verifySettings(int expectedAirplaneMode, int expectedPrivateDnsMode,
+            int expectedAvoidBadWifi) throws Exception {
+        assertEquals(expectedAirplaneMode, Settings.Global.getInt(
+                mContext.getContentResolver(), Settings.Global.AIRPLANE_MODE_ON));
+        assertEquals(expectedPrivateDnsMode,
+                ConnectivitySettingsManager.getPrivateDnsMode(mContext));
+        assertEquals(expectedAvoidBadWifi,
+                ConnectivitySettingsManager.getNetworkAvoidBadWifi(mContext));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verify that per-app OEM network preference functions as expected for network preference TEST.
+     * For specified apps, validate networks are prioritized in order: unmetered, TEST transport,
+     * default network.
+     */
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Instant apps cannot create test networks")
+    @Test
+    public void testSetOemNetworkPreferenceForTestPref() throws Exception {
+        // Cannot use @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R) because this test also requires API 31
+        // shims, and @IgnoreUpTo does not check that.
+        assumeTrue(TestUtils.shouldTestSApis());
+        assumeTrue(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI));
+
+        final TestNetworkTracker tnt = callWithShellPermissionIdentity(
+                () -> initTestNetwork(mContext, TEST_LINKADDR, NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS));
+        final TestableNetworkCallback defaultCallback = new TestableNetworkCallback();
+        final TestableNetworkCallback systemDefaultCallback = new TestableNetworkCallback();
+
+        final Network wifiNetwork = mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
+        final NetworkCapabilities wifiNetworkCapabilities = callWithShellPermissionIdentity(
+                () -> mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(wifiNetwork));
+        final String ssid = unquoteSSID(wifiNetworkCapabilities.getSsid());
+        final boolean oldMeteredValue = wifiNetworkCapabilities.isMetered();
+
+        testAndCleanup(() -> {
+            // This network will be used for unmetered. Wait for it to be validated because
+            // OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_TEST only prefers NOT_METERED&VALIDATED to a network with
+            // TRANSPORT_TEST, like OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID.
+            setWifiMeteredStatusAndWait(ssid, false /* isMetered */, true /* waitForValidation */);
+
+            setOemNetworkPreferenceForMyPackage(OemNetworkPreferences.OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_TEST);
+            registerTestOemNetworkPreferenceCallbacks(defaultCallback, systemDefaultCallback);
+
+            // Validate that an unmetered network is used over other networks.
+            waitForAvailable(defaultCallback, wifiNetwork);
+            waitForAvailable(systemDefaultCallback, wifiNetwork);
+
+            // Validate that when setting unmetered to metered, unmetered is lost and replaced by
+            // the network with the TEST transport. Also wait for validation here, in case there
+            // is a bug that's only visible when the network is validated.
+            setWifiMeteredStatusAndWait(ssid, true /* isMetered */, true /* waitForValidation */);
+            defaultCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, wifiNetwork,
+                    NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS);
+            waitForAvailable(defaultCallback, tnt.getNetwork());
+            // Depending on if this device has cellular connectivity or not, multiple available
+            // callbacks may be received. Eventually, metered Wi-Fi should be the final available
+            // callback in any case therefore confirm its receipt before continuing to assure the
+            // system is in the expected state.
+            waitForAvailable(systemDefaultCallback, TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        }, /* cleanup */ () -> {
+            // Validate that removing the test network will fallback to the default network.
+            runWithShellPermissionIdentity(tnt::teardown);
+            defaultCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, tnt.getNetwork(),
+                    NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS);
+            waitForAvailable(defaultCallback);
+            }, /* cleanup */ () -> {
+                setWifiMeteredStatusAndWait(ssid, oldMeteredValue, false /* waitForValidation */);
+            }, /* cleanup */ () -> {
+                // Cleanup any prior test state from setOemNetworkPreference
+                clearOemNetworkPreference();
+            });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verify that per-app OEM network preference functions as expected for network pref TEST_ONLY.
+     * For specified apps, validate that only TEST transport type networks are used.
+     */
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Instant apps cannot create test networks")
+    @Test
+    public void testSetOemNetworkPreferenceForTestOnlyPref() throws Exception {
+        // Cannot use @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R) because this test also requires API 31
+        // shims, and @IgnoreUpTo does not check that.
+        assumeTrue(TestUtils.shouldTestSApis());
+
+        final TestNetworkTracker tnt = callWithShellPermissionIdentity(
+                () -> initTestNetwork(mContext, TEST_LINKADDR, NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS));
+        final TestableNetworkCallback defaultCallback = new TestableNetworkCallback();
+        final TestableNetworkCallback systemDefaultCallback = new TestableNetworkCallback();
+
+        final Network wifiNetwork = mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
+
+        testAndCleanup(() -> {
+            setOemNetworkPreferenceForMyPackage(
+                    OemNetworkPreferences.OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_TEST_ONLY);
+            registerTestOemNetworkPreferenceCallbacks(defaultCallback, systemDefaultCallback);
+            waitForAvailable(defaultCallback, tnt.getNetwork());
+            waitForAvailable(systemDefaultCallback, wifiNetwork);
+        }, /* cleanup */ () -> {
+                runWithShellPermissionIdentity(tnt::teardown);
+                defaultCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, tnt.getNetwork(),
+                        NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS);
+
+                // This network preference should only ever use the test network therefore available
+                // should not trigger when the test network goes down (e.g. switch to cellular).
+                defaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+                // The system default should still be connected to Wi-fi
+                assertEquals(wifiNetwork, systemDefaultCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork());
+            }, /* cleanup */ () -> {
+                // Cleanup any prior test state from setOemNetworkPreference
+                clearOemNetworkPreference();
+
+                // The default (non-test) network should be available as the network pref was
+                // cleared.
+                waitForAvailable(defaultCallback);
+            });
+    }
+
+    private void registerTestOemNetworkPreferenceCallbacks(
+            @NonNull final TestableNetworkCallback defaultCallback,
+            @NonNull final TestableNetworkCallback systemDefaultCallback) {
+        registerDefaultNetworkCallback(defaultCallback);
+        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() ->
+                registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(systemDefaultCallback,
+                        new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper())), NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+    }
+
+    private static final class OnCompleteListenerCallback {
+        final CompletableFuture<Object> mDone = new CompletableFuture<>();
+
+        public void onComplete() {
+            mDone.complete(new Object());
+        }
+
+        void expectOnComplete() throws Exception {
+            try {
+                mDone.get(NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+            } catch (TimeoutException e) {
+                fail("Expected onComplete() not received after "
+                        + NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS + " ms");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void setOemNetworkPreferenceForMyPackage(final int networkPref) throws Exception {
+        final OemNetworkPreferences pref = new OemNetworkPreferences.Builder()
+                .addNetworkPreference(mContext.getPackageName(), networkPref)
+                .build();
+        final OnCompleteListenerCallback oemPrefListener = new OnCompleteListenerCallback();
+        mUiAutomation.adoptShellPermissionIdentity();
+        try {
+            mCm.setOemNetworkPreference(
+                    pref, mContext.getMainExecutor(), oemPrefListener::onComplete);
+        } finally {
+            mUiAutomation.dropShellPermissionIdentity();
+        }
+        oemPrefListener.expectOnComplete();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This will clear the OEM network preference on the device. As there is currently no way of
+     * getting the existing preference, if this is executed while an existing preference is in
+     * place, that preference will need to be reapplied after executing this test.
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    private void clearOemNetworkPreference() throws Exception {
+        final OemNetworkPreferences clearPref = new OemNetworkPreferences.Builder().build();
+        final OnCompleteListenerCallback oemPrefListener = new OnCompleteListenerCallback();
+        mUiAutomation.adoptShellPermissionIdentity();
+        try {
+            mCm.setOemNetworkPreference(
+                    clearPref, mContext.getMainExecutor(), oemPrefListener::onComplete);
+        } finally {
+            mUiAutomation.dropShellPermissionIdentity();
+        }
+        oemPrefListener.expectOnComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetAcceptPartialConnectivity_NoPermission_GetException() {
+        assumeTrue(TestUtils.shouldTestSApis());
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () -> mCm.setAcceptPartialConnectivity(
+                mCm.getActiveNetwork(), false /* accept */ , false /* always */));
+    }
+
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG permission can't be granted to instant apps")
+    @Test
+    public void testAcceptPartialConnectivity_validatedNetwork() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(TestUtils.shouldTestSApis());
+        assumeTrue("testAcceptPartialConnectivity_validatedNetwork cannot execute"
+                        + " unless device supports WiFi",
+                mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI));
+
+        try {
+            // Wait for partial connectivity to be detected on the network
+            final Network network = preparePartialConnectivity();
+
+            runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () -> {
+                // The always bit is verified in NetworkAgentTest
+                mCm.setAcceptPartialConnectivity(network, true /* accept */, false /* always */);
+            });
+
+            // Accept partial connectivity network should result in a validated network
+            expectNetworkHasCapability(network, NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED, WIFI_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS);
+        } finally {
+            resetValidationConfig();
+            // Reconnect wifi to reset the wifi status
+            reconnectWifi();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG permission can't be granted to instant apps")
+    @Test
+    public void testRejectPartialConnectivity_TearDownNetwork() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(TestUtils.shouldTestSApis());
+        assumeTrue("testAcceptPartialConnectivity_validatedNetwork cannot execute"
+                        + " unless device supports WiFi",
+                mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI));
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback cb = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        try {
+            // Wait for partial connectivity to be detected on the network
+            final Network network = preparePartialConnectivity();
+
+            requestNetwork(makeWifiNetworkRequest(), cb);
+            runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () -> {
+                // The always bit is verified in NetworkAgentTest
+                mCm.setAcceptPartialConnectivity(network, false /* accept */, false /* always */);
+            });
+            // Reject partial connectivity network should cause the network being torn down
+            assertEquals(network, cb.waitForLost());
+        } finally {
+            resetValidationConfig();
+            // Wifi will not automatically reconnect to the network. ensureWifiDisconnected cannot
+            // apply here. Thus, turn off wifi first and restart to restore.
+            runShellCommand("svc wifi disable");
+            mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetAcceptUnvalidated_NoPermission_GetException() {
+        assumeTrue(TestUtils.shouldTestSApis());
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () -> mCm.setAcceptUnvalidated(
+                mCm.getActiveNetwork(), false /* accept */ , false /* always */));
+    }
+
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG permission can't be granted to instant apps")
+    @Test
+    public void testRejectUnvalidated_TearDownNetwork() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(TestUtils.shouldTestSApis());
+        final boolean canRunTest = mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI)
+                && mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_TELEPHONY);
+        assumeTrue("testAcceptPartialConnectivity_validatedNetwork cannot execute"
+                        + " unless device supports WiFi and telephony", canRunTest);
+
+        final TestableNetworkCallback wifiCb = new TestableNetworkCallback();
+        try {
+            // Ensure at least one default network candidate connected.
+            mCtsNetUtils.connectToCell();
+
+            final Network wifiNetwork = prepareUnvalidatedNetwork();
+            // Default network should not be wifi ,but checking that wifi is not the default doesn't
+            // guarantee that it won't become the default in the future.
+            assertNotEquals(wifiNetwork, mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+            registerNetworkCallback(makeWifiNetworkRequest(), wifiCb);
+            runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () -> {
+                mCm.setAcceptUnvalidated(wifiNetwork, false /* accept */, false /* always */);
+            });
+            waitForLost(wifiCb);
+        } finally {
+            resetValidationConfig();
+            /// Wifi will not automatically reconnect to the network. ensureWifiDisconnected cannot
+            // apply here. Thus, turn off wifi first and restart to restore.
+            runShellCommand("svc wifi disable");
+            mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG permission can't be granted to instant apps")
+    @Test
+    public void testSetAvoidUnvalidated() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(TestUtils.shouldTestSApis());
+        // TODO: Allow in debuggable ROM only. To be replaced by FabricatedOverlay
+        assumeTrue(Build.isDebuggable());
+        final boolean canRunTest = mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI)
+                && mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_TELEPHONY);
+        assumeTrue("testSetAvoidUnvalidated cannot execute"
+                + " unless device supports WiFi and telephony", canRunTest);
+
+        final TestableNetworkCallback wifiCb = new TestableNetworkCallback();
+        final TestableNetworkCallback defaultCb = new TestableNetworkCallback();
+        final int previousAvoidBadWifi =
+                ConnectivitySettingsManager.getNetworkAvoidBadWifi(mContext);
+
+        allowBadWifi();
+
+        final Network cellNetwork = mCtsNetUtils.connectToCell();
+        final Network wifiNetwork = prepareValidatedNetwork();
+
+        registerDefaultNetworkCallback(defaultCb);
+        registerNetworkCallback(makeWifiNetworkRequest(), wifiCb);
+
+        try {
+            // Verify wifi is the default network.
+            defaultCb.eventuallyExpect(CallbackEntry.AVAILABLE, NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS,
+                    entry -> wifiNetwork.equals(entry.getNetwork()));
+            wifiCb.eventuallyExpect(CallbackEntry.AVAILABLE, NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS,
+                    entry -> wifiNetwork.equals(entry.getNetwork()));
+            assertTrue(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(wifiNetwork).hasCapability(
+                    NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED));
+
+            // Configure response code for unvalidated network
+            configTestServer(Status.INTERNAL_ERROR, Status.INTERNAL_ERROR);
+            mCm.reportNetworkConnectivity(wifiNetwork, false);
+            // Default network should stay on unvalidated wifi because avoid bad wifi is disabled.
+            defaultCb.eventuallyExpect(CallbackEntry.NETWORK_CAPS_UPDATED,
+                    NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS,
+                    entry -> !((CallbackEntry.CapabilitiesChanged) entry).getCaps()
+                            .hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED));
+            wifiCb.eventuallyExpect(CallbackEntry.NETWORK_CAPS_UPDATED,
+                    NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS,
+                    entry -> !((CallbackEntry.CapabilitiesChanged) entry).getCaps()
+                            .hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED));
+
+            runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () -> {
+                mCm.setAvoidUnvalidated(wifiNetwork);
+            });
+            // Default network should be updated to validated cellular network.
+            defaultCb.eventuallyExpect(CallbackEntry.AVAILABLE, NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS,
+                    entry -> cellNetwork.equals(entry.getNetwork()));
+            // The network should not validate again.
+            wifiCb.assertNoCallbackThat(NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS, c -> isValidatedCaps(c));
+        } finally {
+            resetAvoidBadWifi(previousAvoidBadWifi);
+            resetValidationConfig();
+            // Reconnect wifi to reset the wifi status
+            reconnectWifi();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean isValidatedCaps(CallbackEntry c) {
+        if (!(c instanceof CallbackEntry.CapabilitiesChanged)) return false;
+        final CallbackEntry.CapabilitiesChanged capsChanged = (CallbackEntry.CapabilitiesChanged) c;
+        return capsChanged.getCaps().hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED);
+    }
+
+    private void resetAvoidBadWifi(int settingValue) {
+        setTestAllowBadWifiResource(0 /* timeMs */);
+        ConnectivitySettingsManager.setNetworkAvoidBadWifi(mContext, settingValue);
+    }
+
+    private void allowBadWifi() {
+        setTestAllowBadWifiResource(
+                System.currentTimeMillis() + WIFI_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS /* timeMs */);
+        ConnectivitySettingsManager.setNetworkAvoidBadWifi(mContext,
+                ConnectivitySettingsManager.NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI_IGNORE);
+    }
+
+    private void setTestAllowBadWifiResource(long timeMs) {
+        runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () -> {
+            mCm.setTestAllowBadWifiUntil(timeMs);
+        });
+    }
+
+    private Network expectNetworkHasCapability(Network network, int expectedNetCap, long timeout)
+            throws Exception {
+        final CompletableFuture<Network> future = new CompletableFuture();
+        final NetworkCallback cb = new NetworkCallback() {
+            @Override
+            public void onCapabilitiesChanged(Network n, NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+                if (n.equals(network) && nc.hasCapability(expectedNetCap)) {
+                    future.complete(network);
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        registerNetworkCallback(new NetworkRequest.Builder().build(), cb);
+        return future.get(timeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+    }
+
+    private void resetValidationConfig() {
+        NetworkValidationTestUtil.clearValidationTestUrlsDeviceConfig();
+        mHttpServer.stop();
+    }
+
+    private void prepareHttpServer() throws Exception {
+        runAsShell(READ_DEVICE_CONFIG, () -> {
+            // Verify that the test URLs are not normally set on the device, but do not fail if the
+            // test URLs are set to what this test uses (URLs on localhost), in case the test was
+            // interrupted manually and rerun.
+            assertEmptyOrLocalhostUrl(TEST_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_HTTPS_URL);
+            assertEmptyOrLocalhostUrl(TEST_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_HTTP_URL);
+        });
+
+        NetworkValidationTestUtil.clearValidationTestUrlsDeviceConfig();
+
+        mHttpServer.start();
+    }
+
+    private Network reconnectWifi() {
+        mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiDisconnected(null /* wifiNetworkToCheck */);
+        return mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
+    }
+
+    private Network prepareValidatedNetwork() throws Exception {
+        prepareHttpServer();
+        configTestServer(Status.NO_CONTENT, Status.NO_CONTENT);
+        // Disconnect wifi first then start wifi network with configuration.
+        final Network wifiNetwork = reconnectWifi();
+
+        return expectNetworkHasCapability(wifiNetwork, NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED,
+                WIFI_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS);
+    }
+
+    private Network preparePartialConnectivity() throws Exception {
+        prepareHttpServer();
+        // Configure response code for partial connectivity
+        configTestServer(Status.INTERNAL_ERROR  /* httpsStatusCode */,
+                Status.NO_CONTENT  /* httpStatusCode */);
+        // Disconnect wifi first then start wifi network with configuration.
+        mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiDisconnected(null /* wifiNetworkToCheck */);
+        final Network network = mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
+
+        return expectNetworkHasCapability(network, NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY,
+                WIFI_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS);
+    }
+
+    private Network prepareUnvalidatedNetwork() throws Exception {
+        prepareHttpServer();
+        // Configure response code for unvalidated network
+        configTestServer(Status.INTERNAL_ERROR /* httpsStatusCode */,
+                Status.INTERNAL_ERROR /* httpStatusCode */);
+
+        // Disconnect wifi first then start wifi network with configuration.
+        mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiDisconnected(null /* wifiNetworkToCheck */);
+        final Network wifiNetwork = mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
+        return expectNetworkHasCapability(wifiNetwork, NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET,
+                WIFI_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS);
+    }
+
+    private String makeUrl(String path) {
+        return "http://localhost:" + mHttpServer.getListeningPort() + path;
+    }
+
+    private void assertEmptyOrLocalhostUrl(String urlKey) {
+        final String url = DeviceConfig.getProperty(DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY, urlKey);
+        assertTrue(urlKey + " must not be set in production scenarios, current value= " + url,
+                TextUtils.isEmpty(url) || LOCALHOST_HOSTNAME.equals(Uri.parse(url).getHost()));
+    }
+
+    private void configTestServer(IStatus httpsStatusCode, IStatus httpStatusCode) {
+        mHttpServer.addResponse(new TestHttpServer.Request(
+                TEST_HTTPS_URL_PATH, Method.GET, "" /* queryParameters */),
+                httpsStatusCode, null /* locationHeader */, "" /* content */);
+        mHttpServer.addResponse(new TestHttpServer.Request(
+                TEST_HTTP_URL_PATH, Method.GET, "" /* queryParameters */),
+                httpStatusCode, null /* locationHeader */, "" /* content */);
+        NetworkValidationTestUtil.setHttpsUrlDeviceConfig(makeUrl(TEST_HTTPS_URL_PATH));
+        NetworkValidationTestUtil.setHttpUrlDeviceConfig(makeUrl(TEST_HTTP_URL_PATH));
+        NetworkValidationTestUtil.setUrlExpirationDeviceConfig(
+                System.currentTimeMillis() + WIFI_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS);
+    }
+
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Need WiFi support to test the default active network")
+    @Test
+    public void testDefaultNetworkActiveListener() throws Exception {
+        final boolean supportWifi = mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI);
+        final boolean supportTelephony = mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_TELEPHONY);
+        assumeTrue("testDefaultNetworkActiveListener cannot execute"
+                + " unless device supports WiFi or telephony", (supportWifi || supportTelephony));
+
+        if (supportWifi) {
+            mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiDisconnected(null /* wifiNetworkToCheck */);
+        } else {
+            mCtsNetUtils.disconnectFromCell();
+        }
+
+        final CompletableFuture<Boolean> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        final ConnectivityManager.OnNetworkActiveListener listener = () -> future.complete(true);
+        mCm.addDefaultNetworkActiveListener(listener);
+        testAndCleanup(() -> {
+            // New default network connected will trigger a network activity notification.
+            if (supportWifi) {
+                mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
+            } else {
+                mCtsNetUtils.connectToCell();
+            }
+            assertTrue(future.get(LISTEN_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+        }, () -> {
+                mCm.removeDefaultNetworkActiveListener(listener);
+            });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  The networks used in this test are real networks and as such they can see seemingly random
+     *  updates of their capabilities or link properties as conditions change, e.g. the network
+     *  loses validation or IPv4 shows up. Many tests should simply treat these callbacks as
+     *  spurious.
+     */
+    private void assertNoCallbackExceptCapOrLpChange(
+            @NonNull final TestableNetworkCallback cb) {
+        cb.assertNoCallbackThat(NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS,
+                c -> !(c instanceof CallbackEntry.CapabilitiesChanged
+                        || c instanceof CallbackEntry.LinkPropertiesChanged));
+    }
+
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get WifiManager in instant app mode")
+    @Test
+    public void testMobileDataPreferredUids() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(TestUtils.shouldTestSApis());
+        final boolean canRunTest = mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI)
+                && mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_TELEPHONY);
+        assumeTrue("testMobileDataPreferredUidsWithCallback cannot execute"
+                + " unless device supports both WiFi and telephony", canRunTest);
+
+        final int uid = mPackageManager.getPackageUid(mContext.getPackageName(), 0 /* flag */);
+        final Set<Integer> mobileDataPreferredUids =
+                ConnectivitySettingsManager.getMobileDataPreferredUids(mContext);
+        // CtsNetTestCases uid should not list in MOBILE_DATA_PREFERRED_UIDS setting because it just
+        // installs to device. In case the uid is existed in setting mistakenly, try to remove the
+        // uid and set correct uids to setting.
+        mobileDataPreferredUids.remove(uid);
+        ConnectivitySettingsManager.setMobileDataPreferredUids(mContext, mobileDataPreferredUids);
+
+        // For testing mobile data preferred uids feature, it needs both wifi and cell network.
+        final Network wifiNetwork = mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
+        final Network cellNetwork = mCtsNetUtils.connectToCell();
+        final TestableNetworkCallback defaultTrackingCb = new TestableNetworkCallback();
+        final TestableNetworkCallback systemDefaultCb = new TestableNetworkCallback();
+        final Handler h = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
+        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(
+                systemDefaultCb, h), NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+        registerDefaultNetworkCallback(defaultTrackingCb);
+
+        try {
+            // CtsNetTestCases uid is not listed in MOBILE_DATA_PREFERRED_UIDS setting, so the
+            // per-app default network should be same as system default network.
+            waitForAvailable(systemDefaultCb, wifiNetwork);
+            waitForAvailable(defaultTrackingCb, wifiNetwork);
+            // Active network for CtsNetTestCases uid should be wifi now.
+            assertEquals(wifiNetwork, mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+            // Add CtsNetTestCases uid to MOBILE_DATA_PREFERRED_UIDS setting, then available per-app
+            // default network callback should be received with cell network.
+            final Set<Integer> newMobileDataPreferredUids = new ArraySet<>(mobileDataPreferredUids);
+            newMobileDataPreferredUids.add(uid);
+            ConnectivitySettingsManager.setMobileDataPreferredUids(
+                    mContext, newMobileDataPreferredUids);
+            waitForAvailable(defaultTrackingCb, cellNetwork);
+            // No change for system default network. Expect no callback except CapabilitiesChanged
+            // or LinkPropertiesChanged which may be triggered randomly from wifi network.
+            assertNoCallbackExceptCapOrLpChange(systemDefaultCb);
+            // Active network for CtsNetTestCases uid should change to cell, too.
+            assertEquals(cellNetwork, mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+            // Remove CtsNetTestCases uid from MOBILE_DATA_PREFERRED_UIDS setting, then available
+            // per-app default network callback should be received again with system default network
+            newMobileDataPreferredUids.remove(uid);
+            ConnectivitySettingsManager.setMobileDataPreferredUids(
+                    mContext, newMobileDataPreferredUids);
+            waitForAvailable(defaultTrackingCb, wifiNetwork);
+            // No change for system default network. Expect no callback except CapabilitiesChanged
+            // or LinkPropertiesChanged which may be triggered randomly from wifi network.
+            assertNoCallbackExceptCapOrLpChange(systemDefaultCb);
+            // Active network for CtsNetTestCases uid should change back to wifi.
+            assertEquals(wifiNetwork, mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        } finally {
+            // Restore setting.
+            ConnectivitySettingsManager.setMobileDataPreferredUids(
+                    mContext, mobileDataPreferredUids);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void assertBindSocketToNetworkSuccess(final Network network) throws Exception {
+        final CompletableFuture<Boolean> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        final ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
+        try {
+            executor.execute(() -> {
+                for (int i = 0; i < 300; i++) {
+                    SystemClock.sleep(10);
+
+                    try (Socket socket = new Socket()) {
+                        network.bindSocket(socket);
+                        future.complete(true);
+                        return;
+                    } catch (IOException e) { }
+                }
+            });
+            assertTrue(future.get(APPLYING_UIDS_ALLOWED_ON_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS_TIMEOUT_MS,
+                    TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+        } finally {
+            executor.shutdown();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static NetworkAgent createRestrictedNetworkAgent(final Context context) {
+        // Create test network agent with restricted network.
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                .removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(CompatUtil.makeTestNetworkSpecifier(
+                        TEST_RESTRICTED_NW_IFACE_NAME))
+                .build();
+        final NetworkAgent agent = new NetworkAgent(context, Looper.getMainLooper(), TAG, nc,
+                new LinkProperties(), 10 /* score */, new NetworkAgentConfig.Builder().build(),
+                new NetworkProvider(context, Looper.getMainLooper(), TAG)) {};
+        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> agent.register(),
+                android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS);
+        agent.markConnected();
+
+        return agent;
+    }
+
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS permission can't be granted to instant apps")
+    @Test
+    public void testUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(TestUtils.shouldTestSApis());
+
+        // TODO (b/175199465): figure out a reasonable permission check for
+        //  setUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks that allows tests but not system-external callers.
+        assumeTrue(Build.isDebuggable());
+
+        final int uid = mPackageManager.getPackageUid(mContext.getPackageName(), 0 /* flag */);
+        final Set<Integer> originalUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks =
+                ConnectivitySettingsManager.getUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(mContext);
+        // CtsNetTestCases uid should not list in UIDS_ALLOWED_ON_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS setting
+        // because it has been just installed to device. In case the uid is existed in setting
+        // mistakenly, try to remove the uid and set correct uids to setting.
+        originalUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks.remove(uid);
+        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() ->
+                ConnectivitySettingsManager.setUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(
+                        mContext, originalUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks), NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+
+        final TestableNetworkCallback testNetworkCb = new TestableNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest testRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                .removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+                .removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(CompatUtil.makeTestNetworkSpecifier(
+                        TEST_RESTRICTED_NW_IFACE_NAME))
+                .build();
+        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> requestNetwork(testRequest, testNetworkCb),
+                CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS);
+
+        final NetworkAgent agent = createRestrictedNetworkAgent(mContext);
+        final Network network = agent.getNetwork();
+
+        try (Socket socket = new Socket()) {
+            // Verify that the network is restricted.
+            testNetworkCb.eventuallyExpect(CallbackEntry.NETWORK_CAPS_UPDATED,
+                    NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS,
+                    entry -> network.equals(entry.getNetwork())
+                            && (!((CallbackEntry.CapabilitiesChanged) entry).getCaps()
+                            .hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)));
+            // CtsNetTestCases package doesn't hold CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS, so it
+            // does not allow to bind socket to restricted network.
+            assertThrows(IOException.class, () -> network.bindSocket(socket));
+
+            // Add CtsNetTestCases uid to UIDS_ALLOWED_ON_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS setting, then it can
+            // bind socket to restricted network normally.
+            final Set<Integer> newUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks =
+                    new ArraySet<>(originalUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks);
+            newUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks.add(uid);
+            runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() ->
+                    ConnectivitySettingsManager.setUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(
+                            mContext, newUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks), NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+            // Wait a while for sending allowed uids on the restricted network to netd.
+            // TODD: Have a significant signal to know the uids has been send to netd.
+            assertBindSocketToNetworkSuccess(network);
+        } finally {
+            agent.unregister();
+
+            // Restore setting.
+            runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() ->
+                    ConnectivitySettingsManager.setUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(
+                            mContext, originalUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks), NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDump() throws Exception {
+        final String dumpOutput = DumpTestUtils.dumpServiceWithShellPermission(
+                Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE, "--short");
+        assertTrue(dumpOutput, dumpOutput.contains("Active default network"));
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2)
+    public void testDumpBpfNetMaps() throws Exception {
+        final String[] args = new String[] {"--short", "trafficcontroller"};
+        String dumpOutput = DumpTestUtils.dumpServiceWithShellPermission(
+                Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE, args);
+        assertTrue(dumpOutput, dumpOutput.contains("TrafficController"));
+        assertFalse(dumpOutput, dumpOutput.contains("BPF map content"));
+
+        dumpOutput = DumpTestUtils.dumpServiceWithShellPermission(
+                Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE, args[1]);
+        assertTrue(dumpOutput, dumpOutput.contains("BPF map content"));
+    }
+
+    private void unregisterRegisteredCallbacks() {
+        for (NetworkCallback callback: mRegisteredCallbacks) {
+            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void registerDefaultNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback callback) {
+        mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(callback);
+        mRegisteredCallbacks.add(callback);
+    }
+
+    private void registerDefaultNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback callback, Handler handler) {
+        mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(callback, handler);
+        mRegisteredCallbacks.add(callback);
+    }
+
+    private void registerNetworkCallback(NetworkRequest request, NetworkCallback callback) {
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(request, callback);
+        mRegisteredCallbacks.add(callback);
+    }
+
+    private void registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback callback, Handler handler) {
+        mCmShim.registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(callback, handler);
+        mRegisteredCallbacks.add(callback);
+    }
+
+    private void registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(int uid, NetworkCallback callback,
+            Handler handler) throws Exception {
+        mCmShim.registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(uid, callback, handler);
+        mRegisteredCallbacks.add(callback);
+    }
+
+    private void requestNetwork(NetworkRequest request, NetworkCallback callback) {
+        mCm.requestNetwork(request, callback);
+        mRegisteredCallbacks.add(callback);
+    }
+
+    private void requestNetwork(NetworkRequest request, NetworkCallback callback, int timeoutSec) {
+        mCm.requestNetwork(request, callback, timeoutSec);
+        mRegisteredCallbacks.add(callback);
+    }
+
+    private void registerBestMatchingNetworkCallback(NetworkRequest request,
+            NetworkCallback callback, Handler handler) {
+        mCm.registerBestMatchingNetworkCallback(request, callback, handler);
+        mRegisteredCallbacks.add(callback);
+    }
+
+    private void requestBackgroundNetwork(NetworkRequest request, NetworkCallback callback,
+            Handler handler) throws Exception {
+        mCmShim.requestBackgroundNetwork(request, callback, handler);
+        mRegisteredCallbacks.add(callback);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/CredentialsTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/CredentialsTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91c3621
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/CredentialsTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import android.net.Credentials;
+import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
+
+public class CredentialsTest extends AndroidTestCase {
+
+    public void testCredentials() {
+        // new the Credentials instance
+        // Test with zero inputs
+        Credentials cred = new Credentials(0, 0, 0);
+        assertEquals(0, cred.getGid());
+        assertEquals(0, cred.getPid());
+        assertEquals(0, cred.getUid());
+
+        // Test with big integer
+        cred = new Credentials(Integer.MAX_VALUE, Integer.MAX_VALUE, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
+        assertEquals(Integer.MAX_VALUE, cred.getGid());
+        assertEquals(Integer.MAX_VALUE, cred.getPid());
+        assertEquals(Integer.MAX_VALUE, cred.getUid());
+
+        // Test with big negative integer
+        cred = new Credentials(Integer.MIN_VALUE, Integer.MIN_VALUE, Integer.MIN_VALUE);
+        assertEquals(Integer.MIN_VALUE, cred.getGid());
+        assertEquals(Integer.MIN_VALUE, cred.getPid());
+        assertEquals(Integer.MIN_VALUE, cred.getUid());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DhcpOptionTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DhcpOptionTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..555dd87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DhcpOptionTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts
+
+import android.net.DhcpOption
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.SC_V2
+import org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals
+import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
+import org.junit.Assert.assertNull
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.junit.Test
+
+@SmallTest
+@IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2) // TODO: Use to Build.VERSION_CODES.SC_V2 when available
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+class DhcpOptionTest {
+    private val DHCP_OPTION_TYPE: Byte = 2
+    private val DHCP_OPTION_VALUE = byteArrayOf(0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16)
+
+    @Test
+    fun testConstructor() {
+        val dhcpOption = DhcpOption(DHCP_OPTION_TYPE, DHCP_OPTION_VALUE)
+        assertEquals(DHCP_OPTION_TYPE, dhcpOption.type)
+        assertArrayEquals(DHCP_OPTION_VALUE, dhcpOption.value)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testConstructorWithNullValue() {
+        val dhcpOption = DhcpOption(DHCP_OPTION_TYPE, null)
+        assertEquals(DHCP_OPTION_TYPE, dhcpOption.type)
+        assertNull(dhcpOption.value)
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DnsResolverTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DnsResolverTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c6fc38f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DnsResolverTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,831 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import static android.net.DnsResolver.CLASS_IN;
+import static android.net.DnsResolver.FLAG_EMPTY;
+import static android.net.DnsResolver.FLAG_NO_CACHE_LOOKUP;
+import static android.net.DnsResolver.TYPE_A;
+import static android.net.DnsResolver.TYPE_AAAA;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
+import static android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils.TestNetworkCallback;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.ETIMEDOUT;
+
+import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt.SC_V2;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.content.ContentResolver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.DnsResolver;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.net.ParseException;
+import android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils;
+import android.os.CancellationSignal;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.DnsPacket;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+import com.android.testutils.SkipPresubmit;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+@AppModeFull(reason = "WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS permission can't be granted to instant apps")
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+public class DnsResolverTest {
+    @Rule
+    public final DevSdkIgnoreRule ignoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
+
+    private static final String TAG = "DnsResolverTest";
+    private static final char[] HEX_CHARS = {
+            '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'
+    };
+
+    static final String TEST_DOMAIN = "www.google.com";
+    static final String TEST_NX_DOMAIN = "test1-nx.metric.gstatic.com";
+    static final String INVALID_PRIVATE_DNS_SERVER = "invalid.google";
+    static final String GOOGLE_PRIVATE_DNS_SERVER = "dns.google";
+    static final byte[] TEST_BLOB = new byte[]{
+            /* Header */
+            0x55, 0x66, /* Transaction ID */
+            0x01, 0x00, /* Flags */
+            0x00, 0x01, /* Questions */
+            0x00, 0x00, /* Answer RRs */
+            0x00, 0x00, /* Authority RRs */
+            0x00, 0x00, /* Additional RRs */
+            /* Queries */
+            0x03, 0x77, 0x77, 0x77, 0x06, 0x67, 0x6F, 0x6F, 0x67, 0x6c, 0x65,
+            0x03, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x00, /* Name */
+            0x00, 0x01, /* Type */
+            0x00, 0x01  /* Class */
+    };
+    static final int TIMEOUT_MS = 12_000;
+    static final int CANCEL_TIMEOUT_MS = 3_000;
+    static final int CANCEL_RETRY_TIMES = 5;
+    static final int QUERY_TIMES = 10;
+    static final int NXDOMAIN = 3;
+
+    private Context mContext;
+    private ContentResolver mCR;
+    private ConnectivityManager mCM;
+    private PackageManager mPackageManager;
+    private CtsNetUtils mCtsNetUtils;
+    private Executor mExecutor;
+    private Executor mExecutorInline;
+    private DnsResolver mDns;
+
+    private TestNetworkCallback mWifiRequestCallback = null;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        mContext = InstrumentationRegistry.getContext();
+        mCM = mContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
+        mDns = DnsResolver.getInstance();
+        mExecutor = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper())::post;
+        mExecutorInline = (Runnable r) -> r.run();
+        mCR = mContext.getContentResolver();
+        mCtsNetUtils = new CtsNetUtils(mContext);
+        mCtsNetUtils.storePrivateDnsSetting();
+        mPackageManager = mContext.getPackageManager();
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        mCtsNetUtils.restorePrivateDnsSetting();
+        if (mWifiRequestCallback != null) {
+            mCM.unregisterNetworkCallback(mWifiRequestCallback);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static String byteArrayToHexString(byte[] bytes) {
+        char[] hexChars = new char[bytes.length * 2];
+        for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; ++i) {
+            int b = bytes[i] & 0xFF;
+            hexChars[i * 2] = HEX_CHARS[b >>> 4];
+            hexChars[i * 2 + 1] = HEX_CHARS[b & 0x0F];
+        }
+        return new String(hexChars);
+    }
+
+    private Network[] getTestableNetworks() {
+        if (mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI)) {
+            // File a NetworkRequest for Wi-Fi, so it connects even if a higher-scoring
+            // network, such as Ethernet, is already connected.
+            final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                    .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                    .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                    .build();
+            mWifiRequestCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+            mCM.requestNetwork(request, mWifiRequestCallback);
+            mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
+        }
+        final ArrayList<Network> testableNetworks = new ArrayList<Network>();
+        for (Network network : mCM.getAllNetworks()) {
+            final NetworkCapabilities nc = mCM.getNetworkCapabilities(network);
+            if (nc != null
+                    && nc.hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+                    && nc.hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)) {
+                testableNetworks.add(network);
+            }
+        }
+
+        assertTrue(
+                "This test requires that at least one network be connected. " +
+                        "Please ensure that the device is connected to a network.",
+                testableNetworks.size() >= 1);
+        // In order to test query with null network, add null as an element.
+        // Test cases which query with null network will go on default network.
+        testableNetworks.add(null);
+        return testableNetworks.toArray(new Network[0]);
+    }
+
+    static private void assertGreaterThan(String msg, int first, int second) {
+        assertTrue(msg + " Excepted " + first + " to be greater than " + second, first > second);
+    }
+
+    private static class DnsParseException extends Exception {
+        public DnsParseException(String msg) {
+            super(msg);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class DnsAnswer extends DnsPacket {
+        DnsAnswer(@NonNull byte[] data) throws DnsParseException {
+            super(data);
+
+            // Check QR field.(query (0), or a response (1)).
+            if ((mHeader.flags & (1 << 15)) == 0) {
+                throw new DnsParseException("Not an answer packet");
+            }
+        }
+
+        int getRcode() {
+            return mHeader.rcode;
+        }
+
+        int getANCount() {
+            return mHeader.getRecordCount(ANSECTION);
+        }
+
+        int getQDCount() {
+            return mHeader.getRecordCount(QDSECTION);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A query callback that ensures that the query is cancelled and that onAnswer is never
+     * called. If the query succeeds before it is cancelled, needRetry will return true so the
+     * test can retry.
+     */
+    class VerifyCancelCallback implements DnsResolver.Callback<byte[]> {
+        private final CountDownLatch mLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        private final String mMsg;
+        private final CancellationSignal mCancelSignal;
+        private int mRcode;
+        private DnsAnswer mDnsAnswer;
+        private String mErrorMsg = null;
+
+        VerifyCancelCallback(@NonNull String msg, @Nullable CancellationSignal cancel) {
+            mMsg = msg;
+            mCancelSignal = cancel;
+        }
+
+        VerifyCancelCallback(@NonNull String msg) {
+            this(msg, null);
+        }
+
+        public boolean waitForAnswer(int timeout) throws InterruptedException {
+            return mLatch.await(timeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        }
+
+        public boolean waitForAnswer() throws InterruptedException {
+            return waitForAnswer(TIMEOUT_MS);
+        }
+
+        public boolean needRetry() throws InterruptedException {
+            return mLatch.await(CANCEL_TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onAnswer(@NonNull byte[] answer, int rcode) {
+            if (mCancelSignal != null && mCancelSignal.isCanceled()) {
+                mErrorMsg = mMsg + " should not have returned any answers";
+                mLatch.countDown();
+                return;
+            }
+
+            mRcode = rcode;
+            try {
+                mDnsAnswer = new DnsAnswer(answer);
+            } catch (ParseException | DnsParseException e) {
+                mErrorMsg = mMsg + e.getMessage();
+                mLatch.countDown();
+                return;
+            }
+            Log.d(TAG, "Reported blob: " + byteArrayToHexString(answer));
+            mLatch.countDown();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onError(@NonNull DnsResolver.DnsException error) {
+            mErrorMsg = mMsg + error.getMessage();
+            mLatch.countDown();
+        }
+
+        private void assertValidAnswer() {
+            assertNull(mErrorMsg);
+            assertNotNull(mMsg + " No valid answer", mDnsAnswer);
+            assertEquals(mMsg + " Unexpected error: reported rcode" + mRcode +
+                    " blob's rcode " + mDnsAnswer.getRcode(), mRcode, mDnsAnswer.getRcode());
+        }
+
+        public void assertHasAnswer() {
+            assertValidAnswer();
+            // Check rcode field.(0, No error condition).
+            assertEquals(mMsg + " Response error, rcode: " + mRcode, mRcode, 0);
+            // Check answer counts.
+            assertGreaterThan(mMsg + " No answer found", mDnsAnswer.getANCount(), 0);
+            // Check question counts.
+            assertGreaterThan(mMsg + " No question found", mDnsAnswer.getQDCount(), 0);
+        }
+
+        public void assertNXDomain() {
+            assertValidAnswer();
+            // Check rcode field.(3, NXDomain).
+            assertEquals(mMsg + " Unexpected rcode: " + mRcode, mRcode, NXDOMAIN);
+            // Check answer counts. Expect 0 answer.
+            assertEquals(mMsg + " Not an empty answer", mDnsAnswer.getANCount(), 0);
+            // Check question counts.
+            assertGreaterThan(mMsg + " No question found", mDnsAnswer.getQDCount(), 0);
+        }
+
+        public void assertEmptyAnswer() {
+            assertValidAnswer();
+            // Check rcode field.(0, No error condition).
+            assertEquals(mMsg + " Response error, rcode: " + mRcode, mRcode, 0);
+            // Check answer counts. Expect 0 answer.
+            assertEquals(mMsg + " Not an empty answer", mDnsAnswer.getANCount(), 0);
+            // Check question counts.
+            assertGreaterThan(mMsg + " No question found", mDnsAnswer.getQDCount(), 0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRawQuery() throws Exception {
+        doTestRawQuery(mExecutor);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRawQueryInline() throws Exception {
+        doTestRawQuery(mExecutorInline);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRawQueryBlob() throws Exception {
+        doTestRawQueryBlob(mExecutor);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRawQueryBlobInline() throws Exception {
+        doTestRawQueryBlob(mExecutorInline);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRawQueryRoot() throws Exception {
+        doTestRawQueryRoot(mExecutor);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRawQueryRootInline() throws Exception {
+        doTestRawQueryRoot(mExecutorInline);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRawQueryNXDomain() throws Exception {
+        doTestRawQueryNXDomain(mExecutor);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRawQueryNXDomainInline() throws Exception {
+        doTestRawQueryNXDomain(mExecutorInline);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRawQueryNXDomainWithPrivateDns() throws Exception {
+        doTestRawQueryNXDomainWithPrivateDns(mExecutor);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRawQueryNXDomainInlineWithPrivateDns() throws Exception {
+        doTestRawQueryNXDomainWithPrivateDns(mExecutorInline);
+    }
+
+    public void doTestRawQuery(Executor executor) throws InterruptedException {
+        final String msg = "RawQuery " + TEST_DOMAIN;
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
+            final VerifyCancelCallback callback = new VerifyCancelCallback(msg);
+            mDns.rawQuery(network, TEST_DOMAIN, CLASS_IN, TYPE_AAAA, FLAG_NO_CACHE_LOOKUP,
+                    executor, null, callback);
+
+            assertTrue(msg + " but no answer after " + TIMEOUT_MS + "ms.",
+                    callback.waitForAnswer());
+            callback.assertHasAnswer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void doTestRawQueryBlob(Executor executor) throws InterruptedException {
+        final byte[] blob = new byte[]{
+                /* Header */
+                0x55, 0x66, /* Transaction ID */
+                0x01, 0x00, /* Flags */
+                0x00, 0x01, /* Questions */
+                0x00, 0x00, /* Answer RRs */
+                0x00, 0x00, /* Authority RRs */
+                0x00, 0x00, /* Additional RRs */
+                /* Queries */
+                0x03, 0x77, 0x77, 0x77, 0x06, 0x67, 0x6F, 0x6F, 0x67, 0x6c, 0x65,
+                0x03, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x00, /* Name */
+                0x00, 0x01, /* Type */
+                0x00, 0x01  /* Class */
+        };
+        final String msg = "RawQuery blob " + byteArrayToHexString(blob);
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
+            final VerifyCancelCallback callback = new VerifyCancelCallback(msg);
+            mDns.rawQuery(network, blob, FLAG_NO_CACHE_LOOKUP, executor, null, callback);
+
+            assertTrue(msg + " but no answer after " + TIMEOUT_MS + "ms.",
+                    callback.waitForAnswer());
+            callback.assertHasAnswer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void doTestRawQueryRoot(Executor executor) throws InterruptedException {
+        final String dname = "";
+        final String msg = "RawQuery empty dname(ROOT) ";
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
+            final VerifyCancelCallback callback = new VerifyCancelCallback(msg);
+            mDns.rawQuery(network, dname, CLASS_IN, TYPE_AAAA, FLAG_NO_CACHE_LOOKUP,
+                    executor, null, callback);
+
+            assertTrue(msg + " but no answer after " + TIMEOUT_MS + "ms.",
+                    callback.waitForAnswer());
+            // Except no answer record because the root does not have AAAA records.
+            callback.assertEmptyAnswer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void doTestRawQueryNXDomain(Executor executor) throws InterruptedException {
+        final String msg = "RawQuery " + TEST_NX_DOMAIN;
+
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
+            final NetworkCapabilities nc = (network != null)
+                    ? mCM.getNetworkCapabilities(network)
+                    : mCM.getNetworkCapabilities(mCM.getActiveNetwork());
+            assertNotNull("Couldn't determine NetworkCapabilities for " + network, nc);
+            // Some cellular networks configure their DNS servers never to return NXDOMAIN, so don't
+            // test NXDOMAIN on these DNS servers.
+            // b/144521720
+            if (nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)) continue;
+            final VerifyCancelCallback callback = new VerifyCancelCallback(msg);
+            mDns.rawQuery(network, TEST_NX_DOMAIN, CLASS_IN, TYPE_AAAA, FLAG_NO_CACHE_LOOKUP,
+                    executor, null, callback);
+
+            assertTrue(msg + " but no answer after " + TIMEOUT_MS + "ms.",
+                    callback.waitForAnswer());
+            callback.assertNXDomain();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void doTestRawQueryNXDomainWithPrivateDns(Executor executor)
+            throws InterruptedException {
+        final String msg = "RawQuery " + TEST_NX_DOMAIN + " with private DNS";
+        // Enable private DNS strict mode and set server to dns.google before doing NxDomain test.
+        // b/144521720
+        mCtsNetUtils.setPrivateDnsStrictMode(GOOGLE_PRIVATE_DNS_SERVER);
+        for (Network network :  getTestableNetworks()) {
+            final Network networkForPrivateDns =
+                    (network != null) ? network : mCM.getActiveNetwork();
+            assertNotNull("Can't find network to await private DNS on", networkForPrivateDns);
+            mCtsNetUtils.awaitPrivateDnsSetting(msg + " wait private DNS setting timeout",
+                    networkForPrivateDns, GOOGLE_PRIVATE_DNS_SERVER, true);
+            final VerifyCancelCallback callback = new VerifyCancelCallback(msg);
+            mDns.rawQuery(network, TEST_NX_DOMAIN, CLASS_IN, TYPE_AAAA, FLAG_NO_CACHE_LOOKUP,
+                    executor, null, callback);
+
+            assertTrue(msg + " but no answer after " + TIMEOUT_MS + "ms.",
+                    callback.waitForAnswer());
+            callback.assertNXDomain();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRawQueryCancel() throws InterruptedException {
+        final String msg = "Test cancel RawQuery " + TEST_DOMAIN;
+        // Start a DNS query and the cancel it immediately. Use VerifyCancelCallback to expect
+        // that the query is cancelled before it succeeds. If it is not cancelled before it
+        // succeeds, retry the test until it is.
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
+            boolean retry = false;
+            int round = 0;
+            do {
+                if (++round > CANCEL_RETRY_TIMES) {
+                    fail(msg + " cancel failed " + CANCEL_RETRY_TIMES + " times");
+                }
+                final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+                final CancellationSignal cancelSignal = new CancellationSignal();
+                final VerifyCancelCallback callback = new VerifyCancelCallback(msg, cancelSignal);
+                mDns.rawQuery(network, TEST_DOMAIN, CLASS_IN, TYPE_AAAA, FLAG_EMPTY,
+                        mExecutor, cancelSignal, callback);
+                mExecutor.execute(() -> {
+                    cancelSignal.cancel();
+                    latch.countDown();
+                });
+
+                retry = callback.needRetry();
+                assertTrue(msg + " query was not cancelled",
+                        latch.await(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+            } while (retry);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRawQueryBlobCancel() throws InterruptedException {
+        final String msg = "Test cancel RawQuery blob " + byteArrayToHexString(TEST_BLOB);
+        // Start a DNS query and the cancel it immediately. Use VerifyCancelCallback to expect
+        // that the query is cancelled before it succeeds. If it is not cancelled before it
+        // succeeds, retry the test until it is.
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
+            boolean retry = false;
+            int round = 0;
+            do {
+                if (++round > CANCEL_RETRY_TIMES) {
+                    fail(msg + " cancel failed " + CANCEL_RETRY_TIMES + " times");
+                }
+                final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+                final CancellationSignal cancelSignal = new CancellationSignal();
+                final VerifyCancelCallback callback = new VerifyCancelCallback(msg, cancelSignal);
+                mDns.rawQuery(network, TEST_BLOB, FLAG_EMPTY, mExecutor, cancelSignal, callback);
+                mExecutor.execute(() -> {
+                    cancelSignal.cancel();
+                    latch.countDown();
+                });
+
+                retry = callback.needRetry();
+                assertTrue(msg + " cancel is not done",
+                        latch.await(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+            } while (retry);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCancelBeforeQuery() throws InterruptedException {
+        final String msg = "Test cancelled RawQuery " + TEST_DOMAIN;
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
+            final VerifyCancelCallback callback = new VerifyCancelCallback(msg);
+            final CancellationSignal cancelSignal = new CancellationSignal();
+            cancelSignal.cancel();
+            mDns.rawQuery(network, TEST_DOMAIN, CLASS_IN, TYPE_AAAA, FLAG_EMPTY,
+                    mExecutor, cancelSignal, callback);
+
+            assertTrue(msg + " should not return any answers",
+                    !callback.waitForAnswer(CANCEL_TIMEOUT_MS));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A query callback for InetAddress that ensures that the query is
+     * cancelled and that onAnswer is never called. If the query succeeds
+     * before it is cancelled, needRetry will return true so the
+     * test can retry.
+     */
+    class VerifyCancelInetAddressCallback implements DnsResolver.Callback<List<InetAddress>> {
+        private final CountDownLatch mLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        private final String mMsg;
+        private final List<InetAddress> mAnswers;
+        private final CancellationSignal mCancelSignal;
+        private String mErrorMsg = null;
+
+        VerifyCancelInetAddressCallback(@NonNull String msg, @Nullable CancellationSignal cancel) {
+            this.mMsg = msg;
+            this.mCancelSignal = cancel;
+            mAnswers = new ArrayList<>();
+        }
+
+        public boolean waitForAnswer() throws InterruptedException {
+            return mLatch.await(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        }
+
+        public boolean needRetry() throws InterruptedException {
+            return mLatch.await(CANCEL_TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        }
+
+        public boolean isAnswerEmpty() {
+            return mAnswers.isEmpty();
+        }
+
+        public boolean hasIpv6Answer() {
+            for (InetAddress answer : mAnswers) {
+                if (answer instanceof Inet6Address) return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        public boolean hasIpv4Answer() {
+            for (InetAddress answer : mAnswers) {
+                if (answer instanceof Inet4Address) return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        public void assertNoError() {
+            assertNull(mErrorMsg);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onAnswer(@NonNull List<InetAddress> answerList, int rcode) {
+            if (mCancelSignal != null && mCancelSignal.isCanceled()) {
+                mErrorMsg = mMsg + " should not have returned any answers";
+                mLatch.countDown();
+                return;
+            }
+            for (InetAddress addr : answerList) {
+                Log.d(TAG, "Reported addr: " + addr.toString());
+            }
+            mAnswers.clear();
+            mAnswers.addAll(answerList);
+            mLatch.countDown();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onError(@NonNull DnsResolver.DnsException error) {
+            mErrorMsg = mMsg + error.getMessage();
+            mLatch.countDown();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testQueryForInetAddress() throws Exception {
+        doTestQueryForInetAddress(mExecutor);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testQueryForInetAddressInline() throws Exception {
+        doTestQueryForInetAddress(mExecutorInline);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testQueryForInetAddressIpv4() throws Exception {
+        doTestQueryForInetAddressIpv4(mExecutor);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testQueryForInetAddressIpv4Inline() throws Exception {
+        doTestQueryForInetAddressIpv4(mExecutorInline);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testQueryForInetAddressIpv6() throws Exception {
+        doTestQueryForInetAddressIpv6(mExecutor);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testQueryForInetAddressIpv6Inline() throws Exception {
+        doTestQueryForInetAddressIpv6(mExecutorInline);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testContinuousQueries() throws Exception {
+        doTestContinuousQueries(mExecutor);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @SkipPresubmit(reason = "Flaky: b/159762682; add to presubmit after fixing")
+    public void testContinuousQueriesInline() throws Exception {
+        doTestContinuousQueries(mExecutorInline);
+    }
+
+    public void doTestQueryForInetAddress(Executor executor) throws InterruptedException {
+        final String msg = "Test query for InetAddress " + TEST_DOMAIN;
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
+            final VerifyCancelInetAddressCallback callback =
+                    new VerifyCancelInetAddressCallback(msg, null);
+            mDns.query(network, TEST_DOMAIN, FLAG_NO_CACHE_LOOKUP, executor, null, callback);
+
+            assertTrue(msg + " but no answer after " + TIMEOUT_MS + "ms.",
+                    callback.waitForAnswer());
+            callback.assertNoError();
+            assertTrue(msg + " returned 0 results", !callback.isAnswerEmpty());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testQueryCancelForInetAddress() throws InterruptedException {
+        final String msg = "Test cancel query for InetAddress " + TEST_DOMAIN;
+        // Start a DNS query and the cancel it immediately. Use VerifyCancelInetAddressCallback to
+        // expect that the query is cancelled before it succeeds. If it is not cancelled before it
+        // succeeds, retry the test until it is.
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
+            boolean retry = false;
+            int round = 0;
+            do {
+                if (++round > CANCEL_RETRY_TIMES) {
+                    fail(msg + " cancel failed " + CANCEL_RETRY_TIMES + " times");
+                }
+                final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+                final CancellationSignal cancelSignal = new CancellationSignal();
+                final VerifyCancelInetAddressCallback callback =
+                        new VerifyCancelInetAddressCallback(msg, cancelSignal);
+                mDns.query(network, TEST_DOMAIN, FLAG_EMPTY, mExecutor, cancelSignal, callback);
+                mExecutor.execute(() -> {
+                    cancelSignal.cancel();
+                    latch.countDown();
+                });
+
+                retry = callback.needRetry();
+                assertTrue(msg + " query was not cancelled",
+                        latch.await(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+            } while (retry);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void doTestQueryForInetAddressIpv4(Executor executor) throws InterruptedException {
+        final String msg = "Test query for IPv4 InetAddress " + TEST_DOMAIN;
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
+            final VerifyCancelInetAddressCallback callback =
+                    new VerifyCancelInetAddressCallback(msg, null);
+            mDns.query(network, TEST_DOMAIN, TYPE_A, FLAG_NO_CACHE_LOOKUP,
+                    executor, null, callback);
+
+            assertTrue(msg + " but no answer after " + TIMEOUT_MS + "ms.",
+                    callback.waitForAnswer());
+            callback.assertNoError();
+            assertTrue(msg + " returned 0 results", !callback.isAnswerEmpty());
+            assertTrue(msg + " returned Ipv6 results", !callback.hasIpv6Answer());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void doTestQueryForInetAddressIpv6(Executor executor) throws InterruptedException {
+        final String msg = "Test query for IPv6 InetAddress " + TEST_DOMAIN;
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
+            final VerifyCancelInetAddressCallback callback =
+                    new VerifyCancelInetAddressCallback(msg, null);
+            mDns.query(network, TEST_DOMAIN, TYPE_AAAA, FLAG_NO_CACHE_LOOKUP,
+                    executor, null, callback);
+
+            assertTrue(msg + " but no answer after " + TIMEOUT_MS + "ms.",
+                    callback.waitForAnswer());
+            callback.assertNoError();
+            assertTrue(msg + " returned 0 results", !callback.isAnswerEmpty());
+            assertTrue(msg + " returned Ipv4 results", !callback.hasIpv4Answer());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrivateDnsBypass() throws InterruptedException {
+        final Network[] testNetworks = getTestableNetworks();
+
+        // Set an invalid private DNS server
+        mCtsNetUtils.setPrivateDnsStrictMode(INVALID_PRIVATE_DNS_SERVER);
+        final String msg = "Test PrivateDnsBypass " + TEST_DOMAIN;
+        for (Network network : testNetworks) {
+            // This test cannot be ran with null network because we need to explicitly pass a
+            // private DNS bypassable network or bind one.
+            if (network == null) continue;
+
+            // wait for private DNS setting propagating
+            mCtsNetUtils.awaitPrivateDnsSetting(msg + " wait private DNS setting timeout",
+                    network, INVALID_PRIVATE_DNS_SERVER, false);
+
+            final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+            final DnsResolver.Callback<List<InetAddress>> errorCallback =
+                    new DnsResolver.Callback<List<InetAddress>>() {
+                        @Override
+                        public void onAnswer(@NonNull List<InetAddress> answerList, int rcode) {
+                            fail(msg + " should not get valid answer");
+                        }
+
+                        @Override
+                        public void onError(@NonNull DnsResolver.DnsException error) {
+                            assertEquals(DnsResolver.ERROR_SYSTEM, error.code);
+                            assertEquals(ETIMEDOUT, ((ErrnoException) error.getCause()).errno);
+                            latch.countDown();
+                        }
+                    };
+            // Private DNS strict mode with invalid DNS server is set
+            // Expect no valid answer returned but ErrnoException with ETIMEDOUT
+            mDns.query(network, TEST_DOMAIN, FLAG_NO_CACHE_LOOKUP, mExecutor, null, errorCallback);
+
+            assertTrue(msg + " invalid server round. No response after " + TIMEOUT_MS + "ms.",
+                    latch.await(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+
+            final VerifyCancelInetAddressCallback callback =
+                    new VerifyCancelInetAddressCallback(msg, null);
+            // Bypass privateDns, expect query works fine
+            mDns.query(network.getPrivateDnsBypassingCopy(),
+                    TEST_DOMAIN, FLAG_NO_CACHE_LOOKUP, mExecutor, null, callback);
+
+            assertTrue(msg + " bypass private DNS round. No answer after " + TIMEOUT_MS + "ms.",
+                    callback.waitForAnswer());
+            callback.assertNoError();
+            assertTrue(msg + " returned 0 results", !callback.isAnswerEmpty());
+
+            // To ensure private DNS bypass still work even if passing null network.
+            // Bind process network with a private DNS bypassable network.
+            mCM.bindProcessToNetwork(network.getPrivateDnsBypassingCopy());
+            final VerifyCancelInetAddressCallback callbackWithNullNetwork =
+                    new VerifyCancelInetAddressCallback(msg + " with null network ", null);
+            mDns.query(null,
+                    TEST_DOMAIN, FLAG_NO_CACHE_LOOKUP, mExecutor, null, callbackWithNullNetwork);
+
+            assertTrue(msg + " with null network bypass private DNS round. No answer after " +
+                    TIMEOUT_MS + "ms.", callbackWithNullNetwork.waitForAnswer());
+            callbackWithNullNetwork.assertNoError();
+            assertTrue(msg + " with null network returned 0 results",
+                    !callbackWithNullNetwork.isAnswerEmpty());
+
+            // Reset process network to default.
+            mCM.bindProcessToNetwork(null);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void doTestContinuousQueries(Executor executor) throws InterruptedException {
+        final String msg = "Test continuous " + QUERY_TIMES + " queries " + TEST_DOMAIN;
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < QUERY_TIMES ; ++i) {
+                final VerifyCancelInetAddressCallback callback =
+                        new VerifyCancelInetAddressCallback(msg, null);
+                // query v6/v4 in turn
+                boolean queryV6 = (i % 2 == 0);
+                mDns.query(network, TEST_DOMAIN, queryV6 ? TYPE_AAAA : TYPE_A,
+                        FLAG_NO_CACHE_LOOKUP, executor, null, callback);
+
+                assertTrue(msg + " but no answer after " + TIMEOUT_MS + "ms.",
+                        callback.waitForAnswer());
+                callback.assertNoError();
+                assertTrue(msg + " returned 0 results", !callback.isAnswerEmpty());
+                assertTrue(msg + " returned " + (queryV6 ? "Ipv4" : "Ipv6") + " results",
+                        queryV6 ? !callback.hasIpv4Answer() : !callback.hasIpv6Answer());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Verifies that DnsResolver.DnsException can be subclassed and its constructor re-used. */
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2) // TODO: Use to Build.VERSION_CODES.SC_V2 when available
+    public void testDnsExceptionConstructor() throws InterruptedException {
+        class TestDnsException extends DnsResolver.DnsException {
+            TestDnsException(int code, @Nullable Throwable cause) {
+                super(code, cause);
+            }
+        }
+        try {
+            throw new TestDnsException(DnsResolver.ERROR_SYSTEM, null);
+        } catch (DnsResolver.DnsException e) {
+            assertEquals(DnsResolver.ERROR_SYSTEM, e.code);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DnsTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DnsTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb63a19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DnsTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2013 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkInfo;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.RequiresDevice;
+
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+public class DnsTest extends AndroidTestCase {
+
+    static {
+        System.loadLibrary("nativedns_jni");
+    }
+
+    private static final boolean DBG = false;
+    private static final String TAG = "DnsTest";
+    private static final String PROXY_NETWORK_TYPE = "PROXY";
+
+    private ConnectivityManager mCm;
+
+    public void setUp() {
+        mCm = getContext().getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return true on success
+     */
+    private static native boolean testNativeDns();
+
+    /**
+     * Verify:
+     * DNS works - forwards and backwards, giving ipv4 and ipv6
+     * Test that DNS work on v4 and v6 networks
+     * Test Native dns calls (4)
+     * Todo:
+     * Cache is flushed when we change networks
+     * have per-network caches
+     * No cache when there's no network
+     * Perf - measure size of first and second tier caches and their effect
+     * Assert requires network permission
+     */
+    @RequiresDevice // IPv6 support may be missing on presubmit virtual hardware
+    public void testDnsWorks() throws Exception {
+        ensureIpv6Connectivity();
+
+        InetAddress addrs[] = {};
+        try {
+            addrs = InetAddress.getAllByName("www.google.com");
+        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {}
+        assertTrue("[RERUN] DNS could not resolve www.google.com. Check internet connection",
+                addrs.length != 0);
+        boolean foundV4 = false, foundV6 = false;
+        for (InetAddress addr : addrs) {
+            if (addr instanceof Inet4Address) foundV4 = true;
+            else if (addr instanceof Inet6Address) foundV6 = true;
+            if (DBG) Log.e(TAG, "www.google.com gave " + addr.toString());
+        }
+
+        // We should have at least one of the addresses to connect!
+        assertTrue("www.google.com must have IPv4 and/or IPv6 address", foundV4 || foundV6);
+
+        // Skip the rest of the test if the active network for watch is PROXY.
+        // TODO: Check NetworkInfo type in addition to type name once ag/601257 is merged.
+        if (getContext().getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_WATCH)
+                && activeNetworkInfoIsProxy()) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "Skipping test because the active network type name is PROXY.");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Clear test state so we don't get confused with the previous results.
+        addrs = new InetAddress[0];
+        foundV4 = foundV6 = false;
+        try {
+            addrs = InetAddress.getAllByName("ipv6.google.com");
+        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {}
+        String msg =
+            "[RERUN] DNS could not resolve ipv6.google.com, check the network supports IPv6. lp=" +
+            mCm.getActiveLinkProperties();
+        assertTrue(msg, addrs.length != 0);
+        for (InetAddress addr : addrs) {
+            msg = "[RERUN] ipv6.google.com returned IPv4 address: " + addr.getHostAddress() +
+                    ", check your network's DNS server. lp=" + mCm.getActiveLinkProperties();
+            assertFalse (msg, addr instanceof Inet4Address);
+            foundV6 |= (addr instanceof Inet6Address);
+            if (DBG) Log.e(TAG, "ipv6.google.com gave " + addr.toString());
+        }
+
+        assertTrue(foundV6);
+
+        assertTrue(testNativeDns());
+    }
+
+    private static final String[] URLS = { "www.google.com", "ipv6.google.com", "www.yahoo.com",
+            "facebook.com", "youtube.com", "blogspot.com", "baidu.com", "wikipedia.org",
+// live.com fails rev lookup.
+            "twitter.com", "qq.com", "msn.com", "yahoo.co.jp", "linkedin.com",
+            "taobao.com", "google.co.in", "sina.com.cn", "amazon.com", "wordpress.com",
+            "google.co.uk", "ebay.com", "yandex.ru", "163.com", "google.co.jp", "google.fr",
+            "microsoft.com", "paypal.com", "google.com.br", "flickr.com",
+            "mail.ru", "craigslist.org", "fc2.com", "google.it",
+// "apple.com", fails rev lookup
+            "google.es",
+            "imdb.com", "google.ru", "soho.com", "bbc.co.uk", "vkontakte.ru", "ask.com",
+            "tumblr.com", "weibo.com", "go.com", "xvideos.com", "livejasmin.com", "cnn.com",
+            "youku.com", "blogspot.com", "soso.com", "google.ca", "aol.com", "tudou.com",
+            "xhamster.com", "megaupload.com", "ifeng.com", "zedo.com", "mediafire.com", "ameblo.jp",
+            "pornhub.com", "google.co.id", "godaddy.com", "adobe.com", "rakuten.co.jp", "about.com",
+            "espn.go.com", "4shared.com", "alibaba.com","ebay.de", "yieldmanager.com",
+            "wordpress.org", "livejournal.com", "google.com.tr", "google.com.mx", "renren.com",
+           "livedoor.com", "google.com.au", "youporn.com", "uol.com.br", "cnet.com", "conduit.com",
+            "google.pl", "myspace.com", "nytimes.com", "ebay.co.uk", "chinaz.com", "hao123.com",
+            "thepiratebay.org", "doubleclick.com", "alipay.com", "netflix.com", "cnzz.com",
+            "huffingtonpost.com", "twitpic.com", "weather.com", "babylon.com", "amazon.de",
+            "dailymotion.com", "orkut.com", "orkut.com.br", "google.com.sa", "odnoklassniki.ru",
+            "amazon.co.jp", "google.nl", "goo.ne.jp", "stumbleupon.com", "tube8.com", "tmall.com",
+            "imgur.com", "globo.com", "secureserver.net", "fileserve.com", "tianya.cn", "badoo.com",
+            "ehow.com", "photobucket.com", "imageshack.us", "xnxx.com", "deviantart.com",
+            "filestube.com", "addthis.com", "douban.com", "vimeo.com", "sogou.com",
+            "stackoverflow.com", "reddit.com", "dailymail.co.uk", "redtube.com", "megavideo.com",
+            "taringa.net", "pengyou.com", "amazon.co.uk", "fbcdn.net", "aweber.com", "spiegel.de",
+            "rapidshare.com", "mixi.jp", "360buy.com", "google.cn", "digg.com", "answers.com",
+            "bit.ly", "indiatimes.com", "skype.com", "yfrog.com", "optmd.com", "google.com.eg",
+            "google.com.pk", "58.com", "hotfile.com", "google.co.th",
+            "bankofamerica.com", "sourceforge.net", "maktoob.com", "warriorforum.com", "rediff.com",
+            "google.co.za", "56.com", "torrentz.eu", "clicksor.com", "avg.com",
+            "download.com", "ku6.com", "statcounter.com", "foxnews.com", "google.com.ar",
+            "nicovideo.jp", "reference.com", "liveinternet.ru", "ucoz.ru", "xinhuanet.com",
+            "xtendmedia.com", "naver.com", "youjizz.com", "domaintools.com", "sparkstudios.com",
+            "rambler.ru", "scribd.com", "kaixin001.com", "mashable.com", "adultfirendfinder.com",
+            "files.wordpress.com", "guardian.co.uk", "bild.de", "yelp.com", "wikimedia.org",
+            "chase.com", "onet.pl", "ameba.jp", "pconline.com.cn", "free.fr", "etsy.com",
+            "typepad.com", "youdao.com", "megaclick.com", "digitalpoint.com", "blogfa.com",
+            "salesforce.com", "adf.ly", "ganji.com", "wikia.com", "archive.org", "terra.com.br",
+            "w3schools.com", "ezinearticles.com", "wjs.com", "google.com.my", "clickbank.com",
+            "squidoo.com", "hulu.com", "repubblica.it", "google.be", "allegro.pl", "comcast.net",
+            "narod.ru", "zol.com.cn", "orange.fr", "soufun.com", "hatena.ne.jp", "google.gr",
+            "in.com", "techcrunch.com", "orkut.co.in", "xunlei.com",
+            "reuters.com", "google.com.vn", "hostgator.com", "kaskus.us", "espncricinfo.com",
+            "hootsuite.com", "qiyi.com", "gmx.net", "xing.com", "php.net", "soku.com", "web.de",
+            "libero.it", "groupon.com", "51.la", "slideshare.net", "booking.com", "seesaa.net",
+            "126.com", "telegraph.co.uk", "wretch.cc", "twimg.com", "rutracker.org", "angege.com",
+            "nba.com", "dell.com", "leboncoin.fr", "people.com", "google.com.tw", "walmart.com",
+            "daum.net", "2ch.net", "constantcontact.com", "nifty.com", "mywebsearch.com",
+            "tripadvisor.com", "google.se", "paipai.com", "google.com.ua", "ning.com", "hp.com",
+            "google.at", "joomla.org", "icio.us", "hudong.com", "csdn.net", "getfirebug.com",
+            "ups.com", "cj.com", "google.ch", "camzap.com", "wordreference.com", "tagged.com",
+            "wp.pl", "mozilla.com", "google.ru", "usps.com", "china.com", "themeforest.net",
+            "search-results.com", "tribalfusion.com", "thefreedictionary.com", "isohunt.com",
+            "linkwithin.com", "cam4.com", "plentyoffish.com", "wellsfargo.com", "metacafe.com",
+            "depositfiles.com", "freelancer.com", "opendns.com", "homeway.com", "engadget.com",
+            "10086.cn", "360.cn", "marca.com", "dropbox.com", "ign.com", "match.com", "google.pt",
+            "facemoods.com", "hardsextube.com", "google.com.ph", "lockerz.com", "istockphoto.com",
+            "partypoker.com", "netlog.com", "outbrain.com", "elpais.com", "fiverr.com",
+            "biglobe.ne.jp", "corriere.it", "love21cn.com", "yesky.com", "spankwire.com",
+            "ig.com.br", "imagevenue.com", "hubpages.com", "google.co.ve"};
+
+// TODO - this works, but is slow and cts doesn't do anything with the result.
+// Maybe require a min performance, a min cache size (detectable) and/or move
+// to perf testing
+    private static final int LOOKUP_COUNT_GOAL = URLS.length;
+    public void skiptestDnsPerf() {
+        ArrayList<String> results = new ArrayList<String>();
+        int failures = 0;
+        try {
+            for (int numberOfUrls = URLS.length; numberOfUrls > 0; numberOfUrls--) {
+                failures = 0;
+                int iterationLimit = LOOKUP_COUNT_GOAL / numberOfUrls;
+                long startTime = SystemClock.elapsedRealtimeNanos();
+                for (int iteration = 0; iteration < iterationLimit; iteration++) {
+                    for (int urlIndex = 0; urlIndex < numberOfUrls; urlIndex++) {
+                        try {
+                            InetAddress addr = InetAddress.getByName(URLS[urlIndex]);
+                        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
+                            Log.e(TAG, "failed first lookup of " + URLS[urlIndex]);
+                            failures++;
+                            try {
+                                InetAddress addr = InetAddress.getByName(URLS[urlIndex]);
+                            } catch (UnknownHostException ee) {
+                                failures++;
+                                Log.e(TAG, "failed SECOND lookup of " + URLS[urlIndex]);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                long endTime = SystemClock.elapsedRealtimeNanos();
+                float nsPer = ((float)(endTime-startTime) / iterationLimit) / numberOfUrls/ 1000;
+                String thisResult = new String("getByName for " + numberOfUrls + " took " +
+                        (endTime - startTime)/1000 + "(" + nsPer + ") with " +
+                        failures + " failures\n");
+                Log.d(TAG, thisResult);
+                results.add(thisResult);
+            }
+            // build up a list of addresses
+            ArrayList<byte[]> addressList = new ArrayList<byte[]>();
+            for (String url : URLS) {
+                try {
+                    InetAddress addr = InetAddress.getByName(url);
+                    addressList.add(addr.getAddress());
+                } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
+                    Log.e(TAG, "Exception making reverseDNS list: " + e.toString());
+                }
+            }
+            for (int numberOfAddrs = addressList.size(); numberOfAddrs > 0; numberOfAddrs--) {
+                int iterationLimit = LOOKUP_COUNT_GOAL / numberOfAddrs;
+                failures = 0;
+                long startTime = SystemClock.elapsedRealtimeNanos();
+                for (int iteration = 0; iteration < iterationLimit; iteration++) {
+                    for (int addrIndex = 0; addrIndex < numberOfAddrs; addrIndex++) {
+                        try {
+                            InetAddress addr = InetAddress.getByAddress(addressList.get(addrIndex));
+                            String hostname = addr.getHostName();
+                        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
+                            failures++;
+                            Log.e(TAG, "Failure doing reverse DNS lookup: " + e.toString());
+                            try {
+                                InetAddress addr =
+                                        InetAddress.getByAddress(addressList.get(addrIndex));
+                                String hostname = addr.getHostName();
+
+                            } catch (UnknownHostException ee) {
+                                failures++;
+                                Log.e(TAG, "Failure doing SECOND reverse DNS lookup: " +
+                                        ee.toString());
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                long endTime = SystemClock.elapsedRealtimeNanos();
+                float nsPer = ((endTime-startTime) / iterationLimit) / numberOfAddrs / 1000;
+                String thisResult = new String("getHostName for " + numberOfAddrs + " took " +
+                        (endTime - startTime)/1000 + "(" + nsPer + ") with " +
+                        failures + " failures\n");
+                Log.d(TAG, thisResult);
+                results.add(thisResult);
+            }
+            for (String result : results) Log.d(TAG, result);
+
+            InetAddress exit = InetAddress.getByName("exitrightnow.com");
+            Log.e(TAG, " exit address= "+exit.toString());
+
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "bad URL in testDnsPerf: " + e.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean activeNetworkInfoIsProxy() {
+        NetworkInfo info = mCm.getActiveNetworkInfo();
+        if (PROXY_NETWORK_TYPE.equals(info.getTypeName())) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private void ensureIpv6Connectivity() throws InterruptedException {
+        CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        final int TIMEOUT_MS = 5_000;
+
+        final NetworkCallback callback = new NetworkCallback() {
+            @Override
+            public void onLinkPropertiesChanged(Network network, LinkProperties lp) {
+                if (lp.hasGlobalIpv6Address()) {
+                    latch.countDown();
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(callback);
+
+        String msg = "Default network did not provide IPv6 connectivity after " + TIMEOUT_MS
+                + "ms. Please connect to an IPv6-capable network. lp="
+                + mCm.getActiveLinkProperties();
+        try {
+            assertTrue(msg, latch.await(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+        } finally {
+            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DscpPolicyTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DscpPolicyTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea98289
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DscpPolicyTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,542 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts
+
+import android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils.TestNetworkCallback
+
+import android.app.Instrumentation
+import android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS
+import android.content.Context
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager
+import android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils
+import android.net.DscpPolicy
+import android.net.DscpPolicy.STATUS_DELETED
+import android.net.DscpPolicy.STATUS_SUCCESS
+import android.net.InetAddresses
+import android.net.IpPrefix
+import android.net.LinkAddress
+import android.net.LinkProperties
+import android.net.NetworkAgent
+import android.net.NetworkAgentConfig
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST
+import android.net.NetworkRequest
+import android.net.TestNetworkInterface
+import android.net.TestNetworkManager
+import android.net.RouteInfo
+import android.net.util.SocketUtils
+import android.os.Build
+import android.os.HandlerThread
+import android.os.Looper
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull
+import android.system.Os
+import android.system.OsConstants
+import android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET
+import android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_IP
+import android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP
+import android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_DGRAM
+import android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_NONBLOCK
+import android.util.Log
+import android.util.Range
+import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel
+import com.android.testutils.CompatUtil
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.OffsetFilter
+import com.android.testutils.assertParcelingIsLossless
+import com.android.testutils.runAsShell
+import com.android.testutils.SC_V2
+import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReader
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent.CallbackEntry.OnNetworkCreated
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent.CallbackEntry.OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
+import org.junit.After
+import org.junit.AfterClass
+import org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue
+import org.junit.Before
+import org.junit.BeforeClass
+import org.junit.Rule
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import java.net.Inet4Address
+import java.net.Inet6Address
+import java.net.InetAddress
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress
+import java.net.ServerSocket
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer
+import java.nio.ByteOrder
+import java.util.UUID
+import java.util.regex.Pattern
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
+import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+import kotlin.concurrent.thread
+import kotlin.test.fail
+
+private const val MAX_PACKET_LENGTH = 1500
+
+private val instrumentation: Instrumentation
+    get() = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation()
+
+private const val TAG = "DscpPolicyTest"
+private const val PACKET_TIMEOUT_MS = 2_000L
+
+@AppModeFull(reason = "Instant apps cannot create test networks")
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+class DscpPolicyTest {
+    @JvmField
+    @Rule
+    val ignoreRule = DevSdkIgnoreRule(ignoreClassUpTo = SC_V2)
+
+    private val LOCAL_IPV4_ADDRESS = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.1")
+    private val TEST_TARGET_IPV4_ADDR =
+            InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("8.8.8.8") as Inet4Address
+
+    private val realContext = InstrumentationRegistry.getContext()
+    private val cm = realContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager::class.java)
+
+    private val agentsToCleanUp = mutableListOf<NetworkAgent>()
+    private val callbacksToCleanUp = mutableListOf<TestableNetworkCallback>()
+
+    private val handlerThread = HandlerThread(DscpPolicyTest::class.java.simpleName)
+
+    private lateinit var iface: TestNetworkInterface
+    private lateinit var tunNetworkCallback: TestNetworkCallback
+    private lateinit var reader: TapPacketReader
+
+    private fun getKernelVersion(): IntArray {
+        // Example:
+        // 4.9.29-g958411d --> 4.9
+        val release = Os.uname().release
+        val m = Pattern.compile("^(\\d+)\\.(\\d+)").matcher(release)
+        assertTrue(m.find(), "No pattern in release string: " + release)
+        return intArrayOf(Integer.parseInt(m.group(1)), Integer.parseInt(m.group(2)))
+    }
+
+    private fun kernelIsAtLeast(major: Int, minor: Int): Boolean {
+        val version = getKernelVersion()
+        return (version.get(0) > major || (version.get(0) == major && version.get(1) >= minor))
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    fun setUp() {
+        // For BPF support kernel needs to be at least 5.4.
+        assumeTrue(kernelIsAtLeast(5, 4))
+
+        runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS) {
+            val tnm = realContext.getSystemService(TestNetworkManager::class.java)
+
+            iface = tnm.createTunInterface( Array(1){ LinkAddress(LOCAL_IPV4_ADDRESS, 32) } )
+            assertNotNull(iface)
+        }
+
+        handlerThread.start()
+        reader = TapPacketReader(
+                handlerThread.threadHandler,
+                iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor,
+                MAX_PACKET_LENGTH)
+        reader.startAsyncForTest()
+    }
+
+    @After
+    fun tearDown() {
+        agentsToCleanUp.forEach { it.unregister() }
+        callbacksToCleanUp.forEach { cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(it) }
+
+        // reader.stop() cleans up tun fd
+        reader.handler.post { reader.stop() }
+        handlerThread.quitSafely()
+    }
+
+    private fun requestNetwork(request: NetworkRequest, callback: TestableNetworkCallback) {
+        cm.requestNetwork(request, callback)
+        callbacksToCleanUp.add(callback)
+    }
+
+    private fun makeTestNetworkRequest(specifier: String? = null): NetworkRequest {
+        return NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .clearCapabilities()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                .also {
+                    if (specifier != null) {
+                        it.setNetworkSpecifier(CompatUtil.makeTestNetworkSpecifier(specifier))
+                    }
+                }
+                .build()
+    }
+
+    private fun createConnectedNetworkAgent(
+        context: Context = realContext,
+        specifier: String? = iface.getInterfaceName(),
+    ): Pair<TestableNetworkAgent, TestableNetworkCallback> {
+        val callback = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        // Ensure this NetworkAgent is never unneeded by filing a request with its specifier.
+        requestNetwork(makeTestNetworkRequest(specifier = specifier), callback)
+
+        val nc = NetworkCapabilities().apply {
+            addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+            removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+            removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+            addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED)
+            addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING)
+            addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
+            addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+            if (null != specifier) {
+                setNetworkSpecifier(CompatUtil.makeTestNetworkSpecifier(specifier))
+            }
+        }
+        val lp = LinkProperties().apply {
+            addLinkAddress(LinkAddress(LOCAL_IPV4_ADDRESS, 32))
+            addRoute(RouteInfo(IpPrefix("0.0.0.0/0"), null, null))
+            setInterfaceName(iface.getInterfaceName())
+        }
+        val config = NetworkAgentConfig.Builder().build()
+        val agent = TestableNetworkAgent(context, handlerThread.looper, nc, lp, config)
+        agentsToCleanUp.add(agent)
+
+        // Connect the agent and verify initial status callbacks.
+        runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS) { agent.register() }
+        agent.markConnected()
+        agent.expectCallback<OnNetworkCreated>()
+        agent.expectSignalStrengths(intArrayOf())
+        agent.expectValidationBypassedStatus()
+        val network = agent.network ?: fail("Expected a non-null network")
+        return agent to callback
+    }
+
+    fun ByteArray.toHex(): String = joinToString(separator = "") {
+        eachByte -> "%02x".format(eachByte)
+    }
+
+    fun checkDscpValue(
+        agent : TestableNetworkAgent,
+        callback : TestableNetworkCallback,
+        dscpValue : Int = 0,
+        dstPort : Int = 0,
+    ) {
+        val testString = "test string"
+        val testPacket = ByteBuffer.wrap(testString.toByteArray(Charsets.UTF_8))
+        var packetFound = false
+
+        val socket = Os.socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM or SOCK_NONBLOCK, IPPROTO_UDP)
+        agent.network.bindSocket(socket)
+
+        val originalPacket = testPacket.readAsArray()
+        Os.sendto(socket, originalPacket, 0 /* bytesOffset */, originalPacket.size,
+                0 /* flags */, TEST_TARGET_IPV4_ADDR, dstPort)
+
+        Os.close(socket)
+        generateSequence { reader.poll(PACKET_TIMEOUT_MS) }.forEach { packet ->
+            val buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(packet, 0, packet.size).order(ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN)
+            val ip_ver = buffer.get()
+            val tos = buffer.get()
+            val length = buffer.getShort()
+            val id = buffer.getShort()
+            val offset = buffer.getShort()
+            val ttl = buffer.get()
+            val ipType = buffer.get()
+            val checksum = buffer.getShort()
+
+            val ipAddr = ByteArray(4)
+            buffer.get(ipAddr)
+            val srcIp = Inet4Address.getByAddress(ipAddr);
+            buffer.get(ipAddr)
+            val dstIp = Inet4Address.getByAddress(ipAddr);
+            val packetSrcPort = buffer.getShort().toInt()
+            val packetDstPort = buffer.getShort().toInt()
+
+            // TODO: Add source port comparison.
+            if (srcIp == LOCAL_IPV4_ADDRESS && dstIp == TEST_TARGET_IPV4_ADDR &&
+                    packetDstPort == dstPort) {
+                assertEquals(dscpValue, (tos.toInt().shr(2)))
+                packetFound = true
+            }
+        }
+        assertTrue(packetFound)
+    }
+
+    fun doRemovePolicyTest(
+        agent : TestableNetworkAgent,
+        callback : TestableNetworkCallback,
+        policyId : Int
+    ) {
+        val portNumber = 1111 * policyId
+        agent.sendRemoveDscpPolicy(policyId)
+        agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
+            assertEquals(policyId, it.policyId)
+            assertEquals(STATUS_DELETED, it.status)
+            checkDscpValue(agent, callback, dstPort = portNumber)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testDscpPolicyAddPolicies(): Unit = createConnectedNetworkAgent().let { (agent, callback) ->
+        val policy = DscpPolicy.Builder(1, 1)
+                .setDestinationPortRange(Range(4444, 4444)).build()
+        agent.sendAddDscpPolicy(policy)
+        agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
+            assertEquals(1, it.policyId)
+            assertEquals(STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
+        }
+
+        checkDscpValue(agent, callback, dscpValue = 1, dstPort = 4444)
+
+        agent.sendRemoveDscpPolicy(1)
+        agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
+            assertEquals(1, it.policyId)
+            assertEquals(STATUS_DELETED, it.status)
+        }
+
+        val policy2 = DscpPolicy.Builder(1, 4)
+                .setDestinationPortRange(Range(5555, 5555)).setSourceAddress(LOCAL_IPV4_ADDRESS)
+                .setDestinationAddress(TEST_TARGET_IPV4_ADDR).setProtocol(IPPROTO_UDP).build()
+        agent.sendAddDscpPolicy(policy2)
+        agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
+            assertEquals(1, it.policyId)
+            assertEquals(STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
+        }
+
+        checkDscpValue(agent, callback, dscpValue = 4, dstPort = 5555)
+
+        agent.sendRemoveDscpPolicy(1)
+        agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
+            assertEquals(1, it.policyId)
+            assertEquals(STATUS_DELETED, it.status)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    // Remove policies in the same order as addition.
+    fun testRemoveDscpPolicy_RemoveSameOrderAsAdd(): Unit = createConnectedNetworkAgent().let {
+                (agent, callback) ->
+        val policy = DscpPolicy.Builder(1, 1).setDestinationPortRange(Range(1111, 1111)).build()
+        agent.sendAddDscpPolicy(policy)
+        agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
+            assertEquals(1, it.policyId)
+            assertEquals(STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
+            checkDscpValue(agent, callback, dscpValue = 1, dstPort = 1111)
+        }
+
+        val policy2 = DscpPolicy.Builder(2, 1).setDestinationPortRange(Range(2222, 2222)).build()
+        agent.sendAddDscpPolicy(policy2)
+        agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
+            assertEquals(2, it.policyId)
+            assertEquals(STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
+            checkDscpValue(agent, callback, dscpValue = 1, dstPort = 2222)
+        }
+
+        val policy3 = DscpPolicy.Builder(3, 1).setDestinationPortRange(Range(3333, 3333)).build()
+        agent.sendAddDscpPolicy(policy3)
+        agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
+            assertEquals(3, it.policyId)
+            assertEquals(STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
+            checkDscpValue(agent, callback, dscpValue = 1, dstPort = 3333)
+        }
+
+        /* Remove Policies and check CE is no longer set */
+        doRemovePolicyTest(agent, callback, 1)
+        doRemovePolicyTest(agent, callback, 2)
+        doRemovePolicyTest(agent, callback, 3)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testRemoveDscpPolicy_RemoveImmediatelyAfterAdd(): Unit =
+            createConnectedNetworkAgent().let{ (agent, callback) ->
+        val policy = DscpPolicy.Builder(1, 1).setDestinationPortRange(Range(1111, 1111)).build()
+        agent.sendAddDscpPolicy(policy)
+        agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
+            assertEquals(1, it.policyId)
+            assertEquals(STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
+            checkDscpValue(agent, callback, dscpValue = 1, dstPort = 1111)
+        }
+        doRemovePolicyTest(agent, callback, 1)
+
+        val policy2 = DscpPolicy.Builder(2, 1).setDestinationPortRange(Range(2222, 2222)).build()
+        agent.sendAddDscpPolicy(policy2)
+        agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
+            assertEquals(2, it.policyId)
+            assertEquals(STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
+            checkDscpValue(agent, callback, dscpValue = 1, dstPort = 2222)
+        }
+        doRemovePolicyTest(agent, callback, 2)
+
+        val policy3 = DscpPolicy.Builder(3, 1).setDestinationPortRange(Range(3333, 3333)).build()
+        agent.sendAddDscpPolicy(policy3)
+        agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
+            assertEquals(3, it.policyId)
+            assertEquals(STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
+            checkDscpValue(agent, callback, dscpValue = 1, dstPort = 3333)
+        }
+        doRemovePolicyTest(agent, callback, 3)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    // Remove policies in reverse order from addition.
+    fun testRemoveDscpPolicy_RemoveReverseOrder(): Unit =
+            createConnectedNetworkAgent().let { (agent, callback) ->
+        val policy = DscpPolicy.Builder(1, 1).setDestinationPortRange(Range(1111, 1111)).build()
+        agent.sendAddDscpPolicy(policy)
+        agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
+            assertEquals(1, it.policyId)
+            assertEquals(STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
+            checkDscpValue(agent, callback, dscpValue = 1, dstPort = 1111)
+        }
+
+        val policy2 = DscpPolicy.Builder(2, 1).setDestinationPortRange(Range(2222, 2222)).build()
+        agent.sendAddDscpPolicy(policy2)
+        agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
+            assertEquals(2, it.policyId)
+            assertEquals(STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
+            checkDscpValue(agent, callback, dscpValue = 1, dstPort = 2222)
+        }
+
+        val policy3 = DscpPolicy.Builder(3, 1).setDestinationPortRange(Range(3333, 3333)).build()
+        agent.sendAddDscpPolicy(policy3)
+        agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
+            assertEquals(3, it.policyId)
+            assertEquals(STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
+            checkDscpValue(agent, callback, dscpValue = 1, dstPort = 3333)
+        }
+
+        /* Remove Policies and check CE is no longer set */
+        doRemovePolicyTest(agent, callback, 3)
+        doRemovePolicyTest(agent, callback, 2)
+        doRemovePolicyTest(agent, callback, 1)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testRemoveDscpPolicy_InvalidPolicy(): Unit = createConnectedNetworkAgent().let {
+                (agent, callback) ->
+        agent.sendRemoveDscpPolicy(3)
+        // Is there something to add in TestableNetworkCallback to NOT expect a callback?
+        // Or should we send STATUS_DELETED in any case or a different STATUS?
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testRemoveAllDscpPolicies(): Unit = createConnectedNetworkAgent().let { (agent, callback) ->
+        val policy = DscpPolicy.Builder(1, 1)
+                .setDestinationPortRange(Range(1111, 1111)).build()
+        agent.sendAddDscpPolicy(policy)
+        agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
+            assertEquals(1, it.policyId)
+            assertEquals(STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
+            checkDscpValue(agent, callback, dscpValue = 1, dstPort = 1111)
+        }
+
+        val policy2 = DscpPolicy.Builder(2, 1)
+                .setDestinationPortRange(Range(2222, 2222)).build()
+        agent.sendAddDscpPolicy(policy2)
+        agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
+            assertEquals(2, it.policyId)
+            assertEquals(STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
+            checkDscpValue(agent, callback, dscpValue = 1, dstPort = 2222)
+        }
+
+        val policy3 = DscpPolicy.Builder(3, 1)
+                .setDestinationPortRange(Range(3333, 3333)).build()
+        agent.sendAddDscpPolicy(policy3)
+        agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
+            assertEquals(3, it.policyId)
+            assertEquals(STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
+            checkDscpValue(agent, callback, dscpValue = 1, dstPort = 3333)
+        }
+
+        agent.sendRemoveAllDscpPolicies()
+        agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
+            assertEquals(1, it.policyId)
+            assertEquals(STATUS_DELETED, it.status)
+            checkDscpValue(agent, callback, dstPort = 1111)
+        }
+        agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
+            assertEquals(2, it.policyId)
+            assertEquals(STATUS_DELETED, it.status)
+            checkDscpValue(agent, callback, dstPort = 2222)
+        }
+        agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
+            assertEquals(3, it.policyId)
+            assertEquals(STATUS_DELETED, it.status)
+            checkDscpValue(agent, callback, dstPort = 3333)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testAddDuplicateDscpPolicy(): Unit = createConnectedNetworkAgent().let {
+                (agent, callback) ->
+        val policy = DscpPolicy.Builder(1, 1).setDestinationPortRange(Range(4444, 4444)).build()
+        agent.sendAddDscpPolicy(policy)
+        agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
+            assertEquals(1, it.policyId)
+            assertEquals(STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
+            checkDscpValue(agent, callback, dscpValue = 1, dstPort = 4444)
+        }
+
+        // TODO: send packet on socket and confirm that changing the DSCP policy
+        // updates the mark to the new value.
+
+        val policy2 = DscpPolicy.Builder(1, 1).setDestinationPortRange(Range(5555, 5555)).build()
+        agent.sendAddDscpPolicy(policy2)
+        agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
+            assertEquals(1, it.policyId)
+            assertEquals(STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
+
+            // Sending packet with old policy should fail
+            checkDscpValue(agent, callback, dstPort = 4444)
+            checkDscpValue(agent, callback, dscpValue = 1, dstPort = 5555)
+        }
+
+        agent.sendRemoveDscpPolicy(1)
+        agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
+            assertEquals(1, it.policyId)
+            assertEquals(STATUS_DELETED, it.status)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testParcelingDscpPolicyIsLossless(): Unit = createConnectedNetworkAgent().let {
+                (agent, callback) ->
+        // Check that policy with partial parameters is lossless.
+        val policy = DscpPolicy.Builder(1, 1).setDestinationPortRange(Range(4444, 4444)).build()
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(policy);
+
+        // Check that policy with all parameters is lossless.
+        val policy2 = DscpPolicy.Builder(1, 1).setDestinationPortRange(Range(4444, 4444))
+                .setSourceAddress(LOCAL_IPV4_ADDRESS)
+                .setDestinationAddress(TEST_TARGET_IPV4_ADDR)
+                .setProtocol(IPPROTO_UDP).build()
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(policy2);
+    }
+}
+
+private fun ByteBuffer.readAsArray(): ByteArray {
+    val out = ByteArray(remaining())
+    get(out)
+    return out
+}
+
+private fun <T> Context.assertHasService(manager: Class<T>): T {
+    return getSystemService(manager) ?: fail("Service $manager not found")
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2737258
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net.cts
+
+import android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS
+import android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS
+import android.net.IpConfiguration
+import android.net.TestNetworkInterface
+import android.net.TestNetworkManager
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull
+import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
+import com.android.net.module.util.ArrayTrackRecord
+import com.android.net.module.util.TrackRecord
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.SC_V2
+import com.android.testutils.runAsShell
+import org.junit.After
+import org.junit.Before
+import org.junit.Rule
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import kotlin.test.assertNull
+import kotlin.test.fail
+import android.net.cts.EthernetManagerTest.EthernetStateListener.CallbackEntry.InterfaceStateChanged
+import android.os.Handler
+import android.os.HandlerExecutor
+import android.os.Looper
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.EthernetManagerShim.InterfaceStateListener
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.EthernetManagerShim.STATE_ABSENT
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.EthernetManagerShim.STATE_LINK_DOWN
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.EthernetManagerShim.STATE_LINK_UP
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.EthernetManagerShim.ROLE_CLIENT
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.EthernetManagerShim.ROLE_NONE
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.EthernetManagerShimImpl
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor
+import kotlin.test.assertFalse
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+
+private const val TIMEOUT_MS = 1000L
+private const val NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS = 200L
+private val DEFAULT_IP_CONFIGURATION = IpConfiguration(IpConfiguration.IpAssignment.DHCP,
+    IpConfiguration.ProxySettings.NONE, null, null)
+
+@AppModeFull(reason = "Instant apps can't access EthernetManager")
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+class EthernetManagerTest {
+    // EthernetManager is not updatable before T, so tests do not need to be backwards compatible
+    @get:Rule
+    val ignoreRule = DevSdkIgnoreRule(ignoreClassUpTo = SC_V2)
+
+    private val context by lazy { InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().context }
+    private val em by lazy { EthernetManagerShimImpl.newInstance(context) }
+
+    private val createdIfaces = ArrayList<TestNetworkInterface>()
+    private val addedListeners = ArrayList<InterfaceStateListener>()
+
+    private open class EthernetStateListener private constructor(
+        private val history: ArrayTrackRecord<CallbackEntry>
+    ) : InterfaceStateListener,
+                TrackRecord<EthernetStateListener.CallbackEntry> by history {
+        constructor() : this(ArrayTrackRecord())
+
+        val events = history.newReadHead()
+
+        sealed class CallbackEntry {
+            data class InterfaceStateChanged(
+                val iface: String,
+                val state: Int,
+                val role: Int,
+                val configuration: IpConfiguration?
+            ) : CallbackEntry()
+        }
+
+        override fun onInterfaceStateChanged(
+            iface: String,
+            state: Int,
+            role: Int,
+            cfg: IpConfiguration?
+        ) {
+            add(InterfaceStateChanged(iface, state, role, cfg))
+        }
+
+        fun <T : CallbackEntry> expectCallback(expected: T): T {
+            val event = pollForNextCallback()
+            assertEquals(expected, event)
+            return event as T
+        }
+
+        fun expectCallback(iface: TestNetworkInterface, state: Int, role: Int) {
+            expectCallback(InterfaceStateChanged(iface.interfaceName, state, role,
+                if (state != STATE_ABSENT) DEFAULT_IP_CONFIGURATION else null))
+        }
+
+        fun pollForNextCallback(): CallbackEntry {
+            return events.poll(TIMEOUT_MS) ?: fail("Did not receive callback after ${TIMEOUT_MS}ms")
+        }
+
+        fun assertNoCallback() {
+            val cb = events.poll(NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS)
+            assertNull(cb, "Expected no callback but got $cb")
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public fun testCallbacks() {
+        val executor = HandlerExecutor(Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()))
+
+        // If an interface exists when the callback is registered, it is reported on registration.
+        val iface = runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS) {
+            createInterface()
+        }
+        val listener = EthernetStateListener()
+        addInterfaceStateListener(executor, listener)
+        listener.expectCallback(iface, STATE_LINK_UP, ROLE_CLIENT)
+
+        // If an interface appears, existing callbacks see it.
+        // TODO: fix the up/up/down/up callbacks and only send down/up.
+        val iface2 = runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS) {
+            createInterface()
+        }
+        listener.expectCallback(iface2, STATE_LINK_UP, ROLE_CLIENT)
+        listener.expectCallback(iface2, STATE_LINK_UP, ROLE_CLIENT)
+        listener.expectCallback(iface2, STATE_LINK_DOWN, ROLE_CLIENT)
+        listener.expectCallback(iface2, STATE_LINK_UP, ROLE_CLIENT)
+
+        // Removing interfaces first sends link down, then STATE_ABSENT/ROLE_NONE.
+        removeInterface(iface)
+        listener.expectCallback(iface, STATE_LINK_DOWN, ROLE_CLIENT)
+        listener.expectCallback(iface, STATE_ABSENT, ROLE_NONE)
+
+        removeInterface(iface2)
+        listener.expectCallback(iface2, STATE_LINK_DOWN, ROLE_CLIENT)
+        listener.expectCallback(iface2, STATE_ABSENT, ROLE_NONE)
+        listener.assertNoCallback()
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    fun setUp() {
+        runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS, NETWORK_SETTINGS) {
+            em.setIncludeTestInterfaces(true)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @After
+    fun tearDown() {
+        runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS, NETWORK_SETTINGS) {
+            em.setIncludeTestInterfaces(false)
+            for (iface in createdIfaces) {
+                if (iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor.valid()) iface.fileDescriptor.close()
+            }
+            for (listener in addedListeners) {
+                em.removeInterfaceStateListener(listener)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun addInterfaceStateListener(executor: Executor, listener: InterfaceStateListener) {
+        em.addInterfaceStateListener(executor, listener)
+        addedListeners.add(listener)
+    }
+
+    private fun createInterface(): TestNetworkInterface {
+        val tnm = context.getSystemService(TestNetworkManager::class.java)
+        return tnm.createTapInterface(false /* bringUp */).also { createdIfaces.add(it) }
+    }
+
+    private fun removeInterface(iface: TestNetworkInterface) {
+        iface.fileDescriptor.close()
+        createdIfaces.remove(iface)
+    }
+
+    private fun doTestGetInterfaceList() {
+        em.setIncludeTestInterfaces(true)
+
+        // Create two test interfaces and check the return list contains the interface names.
+        val iface1 = createInterface()
+        val iface2 = createInterface()
+        var ifaces = em.getInterfaceList()
+        assertTrue(ifaces.size > 0)
+        assertTrue(ifaces.contains(iface1.getInterfaceName()))
+        assertTrue(ifaces.contains(iface2.getInterfaceName()))
+
+        // Remove one existing test interface and check the return list doesn't contain the
+        // removed interface name.
+        removeInterface(iface1)
+        ifaces = em.getInterfaceList()
+        assertFalse(ifaces.contains(iface1.getInterfaceName()))
+        assertTrue(ifaces.contains(iface2.getInterfaceName()))
+
+        removeInterface(iface2)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public fun testGetInterfaceList() {
+        runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS, NETWORK_SETTINGS) {
+            doTestGetInterfaceList()
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetNetworkSpecifierTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetNetworkSpecifierTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef8fd1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetNetworkSpecifierTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
+
+import android.net.EthernetNetworkSpecifier;
+import android.os.Build;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+@SmallTest
+@IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+public class EthernetNetworkSpecifierTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConstructor() {
+        final String iface = "testIface";
+        final EthernetNetworkSpecifier ns = new EthernetNetworkSpecifier(iface);
+        assertEquals(iface, ns.getInterfaceName());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConstructorWithNullValue() {
+        assertThrows("Should not be able to call constructor with null value.",
+                IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> new EthernetNetworkSpecifier(null));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConstructorWithEmptyValue() {
+        assertThrows("Should not be able to call constructor with empty value.",
+                IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> new EthernetNetworkSpecifier(""));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEquals() {
+        final String iface = "testIface";
+        final EthernetNetworkSpecifier nsOne = new EthernetNetworkSpecifier(iface);
+        final EthernetNetworkSpecifier nsTwo = new EthernetNetworkSpecifier(iface);
+        assertEquals(nsOne, nsTwo);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNotEquals() {
+        final String iface = "testIface";
+        final String ifaceTwo = "testIfaceTwo";
+        final EthernetNetworkSpecifier nsOne = new EthernetNetworkSpecifier(iface);
+        final EthernetNetworkSpecifier nsTwo = new EthernetNetworkSpecifier(ifaceTwo);
+        assertNotEquals(nsOne, nsTwo);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IkeTunUtils.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IkeTunUtils.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc25292
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IkeTunUtils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.BytePayload;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.IP4_HDRLEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.IP6_HDRLEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.IpHeader;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.UDP_HDRLEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.UdpHeader;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.getIpHeader;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP;
+
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+// TODO: Merge this with the version in the IPsec module (IKEv2 library) CTS tests.
+/** An extension of the TunUtils class with IKE-specific packet handling. */
+public class IkeTunUtils extends TunUtils {
+    private static final int PORT_LEN = 2;
+
+    private static final byte[] NON_ESP_MARKER = new byte[] {0, 0, 0, 0};
+
+    private static final int IKE_HEADER_LEN = 28;
+    private static final int IKE_SPI_LEN = 8;
+    private static final int IKE_IS_RESP_BYTE_OFFSET = 19;
+    private static final int IKE_MSG_ID_OFFSET = 20;
+    private static final int IKE_MSG_ID_LEN = 4;
+
+    public IkeTunUtils(ParcelFileDescriptor tunFd) {
+        super(tunFd);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Await an expected IKE request and inject an IKE response.
+     *
+     * @param respIkePkt IKE response packet without IP/UDP headers or NON ESP MARKER.
+     */
+    public byte[] awaitReqAndInjectResp(long expectedInitIkeSpi, int expectedMsgId,
+            boolean encapExpected, byte[] respIkePkt) throws Exception {
+        final byte[] request = awaitIkePacket(expectedInitIkeSpi, expectedMsgId, encapExpected);
+
+        // Build response header by flipping address and port
+        final InetAddress srcAddr = getDstAddress(request);
+        final InetAddress dstAddr = getSrcAddress(request);
+        final int srcPort = getDstPort(request);
+        final int dstPort = getSrcPort(request);
+
+        final byte[] response =
+                buildIkePacket(srcAddr, dstAddr, srcPort, dstPort, encapExpected, respIkePkt);
+        injectPacket(response);
+        return request;
+    }
+
+    private byte[] awaitIkePacket(long expectedInitIkeSpi, int expectedMsgId, boolean expectEncap)
+            throws Exception {
+        return super.awaitPacket(pkt -> isIke(pkt, expectedInitIkeSpi, expectedMsgId, expectEncap));
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isIke(
+            byte[] pkt, long expectedInitIkeSpi, int expectedMsgId, boolean encapExpected) {
+        final int ipProtocolOffset;
+        final int ikeOffset;
+
+        if (isIpv6(pkt)) {
+            ipProtocolOffset = IP6_PROTO_OFFSET;
+            ikeOffset = IP6_HDRLEN + UDP_HDRLEN;
+        } else {
+            if (encapExpected && !hasNonEspMarkerv4(pkt)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // Use default IPv4 header length (assuming no options)
+            final int encapMarkerLen = encapExpected ? NON_ESP_MARKER.length : 0;
+            ipProtocolOffset = IP4_PROTO_OFFSET;
+            ikeOffset = IP4_HDRLEN + UDP_HDRLEN + encapMarkerLen;
+        }
+
+        return pkt[ipProtocolOffset] == IPPROTO_UDP
+                && areSpiAndMsgIdEqual(pkt, ikeOffset, expectedInitIkeSpi, expectedMsgId);
+    }
+
+    /** Checks if the provided IPv4 packet has a UDP-encapsulation NON-ESP marker */
+    private static boolean hasNonEspMarkerv4(byte[] ipv4Pkt) {
+        final int nonEspMarkerOffset = IP4_HDRLEN + UDP_HDRLEN;
+        if (ipv4Pkt.length < nonEspMarkerOffset + NON_ESP_MARKER.length) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        final byte[] nonEspMarker = Arrays.copyOfRange(
+                ipv4Pkt, nonEspMarkerOffset, nonEspMarkerOffset + NON_ESP_MARKER.length);
+        return Arrays.equals(NON_ESP_MARKER, nonEspMarker);
+    }
+
+    private static boolean areSpiAndMsgIdEqual(
+            byte[] pkt, int ikeOffset, long expectedIkeInitSpi, int expectedMsgId) {
+        if (pkt.length <= ikeOffset + IKE_HEADER_LEN) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        final ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(pkt);
+        final long spi = buffer.getLong(ikeOffset);
+        final int msgId = buffer.getInt(ikeOffset + IKE_MSG_ID_OFFSET);
+
+        return expectedIkeInitSpi == spi && expectedMsgId == msgId;
+    }
+
+    private static InetAddress getSrcAddress(byte[] pkt) throws Exception {
+        return getAddress(pkt, true);
+    }
+
+    private static InetAddress getDstAddress(byte[] pkt) throws Exception {
+        return getAddress(pkt, false);
+    }
+
+    private static InetAddress getAddress(byte[] pkt, boolean getSrcAddr) throws Exception {
+        final int ipLen = isIpv6(pkt) ? IP6_ADDR_LEN : IP4_ADDR_LEN;
+        final int srcIpOffset = isIpv6(pkt) ? IP6_ADDR_OFFSET : IP4_ADDR_OFFSET;
+        final int ipOffset = getSrcAddr ? srcIpOffset : srcIpOffset + ipLen;
+
+        if (pkt.length < ipOffset + ipLen) {
+            // Should be impossible; getAddress() is only called with a full IKE request including
+            // the IP and UDP headers.
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Packet was too short to contain IP address");
+        }
+
+        return InetAddress.getByAddress(Arrays.copyOfRange(pkt, ipOffset, ipOffset + ipLen));
+    }
+
+    private static int getSrcPort(byte[] pkt) throws Exception {
+        return getPort(pkt, true);
+    }
+
+    private static int getDstPort(byte[] pkt) throws Exception {
+        return getPort(pkt, false);
+    }
+
+    private static int getPort(byte[] pkt, boolean getSrcPort) {
+        final int srcPortOffset = isIpv6(pkt) ? IP6_HDRLEN : IP4_HDRLEN;
+        final int portOffset = getSrcPort ? srcPortOffset : srcPortOffset + PORT_LEN;
+
+        if (pkt.length < portOffset + PORT_LEN) {
+            // Should be impossible; getPort() is only called with a full IKE request including the
+            // IP and UDP headers.
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Packet was too short to contain port");
+        }
+
+        final ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(pkt);
+        return Short.toUnsignedInt(buffer.getShort(portOffset));
+    }
+
+    private static byte[] buildIkePacket(
+            InetAddress srcAddr,
+            InetAddress dstAddr,
+            int srcPort,
+            int dstPort,
+            boolean useEncap,
+            byte[] payload)
+            throws Exception {
+        // Append non-ESP marker if encap is enabled
+        if (useEncap) {
+            final ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(NON_ESP_MARKER.length + payload.length);
+            buffer.put(NON_ESP_MARKER);
+            buffer.put(payload);
+            payload = buffer.array();
+        }
+
+        final UdpHeader udpPkt = new UdpHeader(srcPort, dstPort, new BytePayload(payload));
+        final IpHeader ipPkt = getIpHeader(udpPkt.getProtocolId(), srcAddr, dstAddr, udpPkt);
+        return ipPkt.getPacketBytes();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/Ikev2VpnTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/Ikev2VpnTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e9f0cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/Ikev2VpnTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,527 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN;
+import static android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils.TestNetworkCallback;
+
+import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.runWithShellPermissionIdentity;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
+
+import android.Manifest;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.app.AppOpsManager;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.Ikev2VpnProfile;
+import android.net.IpSecAlgorithm;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.net.ProxyInfo;
+import android.net.TestNetworkInterface;
+import android.net.VpnManager;
+import android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Process;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
+
+import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
+
+import com.android.internal.util.HexDump;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.bouncycastle.x509.X509V1CertificateGenerator;
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.security.KeyPair;
+import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
+import java.security.PrivateKey;
+import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import javax.security.auth.x500.X500Principal;
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+@AppModeFull(reason = "Appops state changes disallowed for instant apps (OP_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN)")
+public class Ikev2VpnTest {
+    private static final String TAG = Ikev2VpnTest.class.getSimpleName();
+
+    // Test vectors for IKE negotiation in test mode.
+    private static final String SUCCESSFUL_IKE_INIT_RESP_V4 =
+            "46b8eca1e0d72a18b2b5d9006d47a0022120222000000000000002d0220000300000002c01010004030000"
+                    + "0c0100000c800e0100030000080300000c030000080200000400000008040000102800020800"
+                    + "100000b8070f159fe5141d8754ca86f72ecc28d66f514927e96cbe9eec0adb42bf2c276a0ab7"
+                    + "a97fa93555f4be9218c14e7f286bb28c6b4fb13825a420f2ffc165854f200bab37d69c8963d4"
+                    + "0acb831d983163aa50622fd35c182efe882cf54d6106222abcfaa597255d302f1b95ab71c142"
+                    + "c279ea5839a180070bff73f9d03fab815f0d5ee2adec7e409d1e35979f8bd92ffd8aab13d1a0"
+                    + "0657d816643ae767e9ae84d2ccfa2bcce1a50572be8d3748ae4863c41ae90da16271e014270f"
+                    + "77edd5cd2e3299f3ab27d7203f93d770bacf816041cdcecd0f9af249033979da4369cb242dd9"
+                    + "6d172e60513ff3db02de63e50eb7d7f596ada55d7946cad0af0669d1f3e2804846ab3f2a930d"
+                    + "df56f7f025f25c25ada694e6231abbb87ee8cfd072c8481dc0b0f6b083fdc3bd89b080e49feb"
+                    + "0288eef6fdf8a26ee2fc564a11e7385215cf2deaf2a9965638fc279c908ccdf04094988d91a2"
+                    + "464b4a8c0326533aff5119ed79ecbd9d99a218b44f506a5eb09351e67da86698b4c58718db25"
+                    + "d55f426fb4c76471b27a41fbce00777bc233c7f6e842e39146f466826de94f564cad8b92bfbe"
+                    + "87c99c4c7973ec5f1eea8795e7da82819753aa7c4fcfdab77066c56b939330c4b0d354c23f83"
+                    + "ea82fa7a64c4b108f1188379ea0eb4918ee009d804100e6bf118771b9058d42141c847d5ec37"
+                    + "6e5ec591c71fc9dac01063c2bd31f9c783b28bf1182900002430f3d5de3449462b31dd28bc27"
+                    + "297b6ad169bccce4f66c5399c6e0be9120166f2900001c0000400428b8df2e66f69c8584a186"
+                    + "c5eac66783551d49b72900001c000040054e7a622e802d5cbfb96d5f30a6e433994370173529"
+                    + "0000080000402e290000100000402f00020003000400050000000800004014";
+    private static final String SUCCESSFUL_IKE_INIT_RESP_V6 =
+            "46b8eca1e0d72a1800d9ea1babce26bf2120222000000000000002d0220000300000002c01010004030000"
+                    + "0c0100000c800e0100030000080300000c030000080200000400000008040000102800020800"
+                    + "100000ea0e6dd9ca5930a9a45c323a41f64bfd8cdef7730f5fbff37d7c377da427f489a42aa8"
+                    + "c89233380e6e925990d49de35c2cdcf63a61302c731a4b3569df1ee1bf2457e55a6751838ede"
+                    + "abb75cc63ba5c9e4355e8e784f383a5efe8a44727dc14aeaf8dacc2620fb1c8875416dc07739"
+                    + "7fe4decc1bd514a9c7d270cf21fd734c63a25c34b30b68686e54e8a198f37f27cb491fe27235"
+                    + "fab5476b036d875ccab9a68d65fbf3006197f9bebbf94de0d3802b4fafe1d48d931ce3a1a346"
+                    + "2d65bd639e9bd7fa46299650a9dbaf9b324e40b466942d91a59f41ef8042f8474c4850ed0f63"
+                    + "e9238949d41cd8bbaea9aefdb65443a6405792839563aa5dc5c36b5ce8326ccf8a94d9622b85"
+                    + "038d390d5fc0299e14e1f022966d4ac66515f6108ca04faec44821fe5bbf2ed4f84ff5671219"
+                    + "608cb4c36b44a31ba010c9088f8d5ff943bb9ff857f74be1755f57a5783874adc57f42bb174e"
+                    + "4ad3215de628707014dbcb1707bd214658118fdd7a42b3e1638b991ce5b812a667f1145be811"
+                    + "685e3cd3baf9b18d062657b64c206a4d19a531c252a6a51a04aeaf42c618620cdbab65baca23"
+                    + "82c57ed888422aeaacf7f1bc3fe2247ff7e7eaca218b74d7b31d02f2b0afa123f802529e7e6c"
+                    + "3259d418290740ddbf55686e26998d7edcbbf895664972fed666f2f20af40503aa2af436ec6d"
+                    + "4ec981ab19b9088755d94ae7a7c2066ea331d4e56e290000243fefe5555fce552d57a84e682c"
+                    + "d4a6dfb3f2f94a94464d5bec3d88b88e9559642900001c00004004eb4afff764e7b79bca78b1"
+                    + "3a89100d36d678ae982900001c00004005d177216a3c26f782076e12570d40bfaaa148822929"
+                    + "0000080000402e290000100000402f00020003000400050000000800004014";
+    private static final String SUCCESSFUL_IKE_AUTH_RESP_V4 =
+            "46b8eca1e0d72a18b2b5d9006d47a0022e20232000000001000000e0240000c420a2500a3da4c66fa6929e"
+                    + "600f36349ba0e38de14f78a3ad0416cba8c058735712a3d3f9a0a6ed36de09b5e9e02697e7c4"
+                    + "2d210ac86cfbd709503cfa51e2eab8cfdc6427d136313c072968f6506a546eb5927164200592"
+                    + "6e36a16ee994e63f029432a67bc7d37ca619e1bd6e1678df14853067ecf816b48b81e8746069"
+                    + "406363e5aa55f13cb2afda9dbebee94256c29d630b17dd7f1ee52351f92b6e1c3d8551c513f1"
+                    + "d74ac52a80b2041397e109fe0aeb3c105b0d4be0ae343a943398764281";
+    private static final String SUCCESSFUL_IKE_AUTH_RESP_V6 =
+            "46b8eca1e0d72a1800d9ea1babce26bf2e20232000000001000000f0240000d4aaf6eaa6c06b50447e6f54"
+                    + "827fd8a9d9d6ac8015c1ebb3e8cb03fc6e54b49a107441f50004027cc5021600828026367f03"
+                    + "bc425821cd7772ee98637361300c9b76056e874fea2bd4a17212370b291894264d8c023a01d1"
+                    + "c3b691fd4b7c0b534e8c95af4c4638e2d125cb21c6267e2507cd745d72e8da109c47b9259c6c"
+                    + "57a26f6bc5b337b9b9496d54bdde0333d7a32e6e1335c9ee730c3ecd607a8689aa7b0577b74f"
+                    + "3bf437696a9fd5fc0aee3ed346cd9e15d1dda293df89eb388a8719388a60ca7625754de12cdb"
+                    + "efe4c886c5c401";
+    private static final long IKE_INITIATOR_SPI = Long.parseLong("46B8ECA1E0D72A18", 16);
+
+    private static final InetAddress LOCAL_OUTER_4 = InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.1");
+    private static final InetAddress LOCAL_OUTER_6 =
+            InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1");
+
+    private static final int IP4_PREFIX_LEN = 32;
+    private static final int IP6_PREFIX_LEN = 128;
+
+    // TODO: Use IPv6 address when we can generate test vectors (GCE does not allow IPv6 yet).
+    private static final String TEST_SERVER_ADDR_V4 = "192.0.2.2";
+    private static final String TEST_SERVER_ADDR_V6 = "2001:db8::2";
+    private static final String TEST_IDENTITY = "client.cts.android.com";
+    private static final List<String> TEST_ALLOWED_ALGORITHMS =
+            Arrays.asList(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM);
+
+    private static final ProxyInfo TEST_PROXY_INFO =
+            ProxyInfo.buildDirectProxy("proxy.cts.android.com", 1234);
+    private static final int TEST_MTU = 1300;
+
+    private static final byte[] TEST_PSK = "ikeAndroidPsk".getBytes();
+    private static final String TEST_USER = "username";
+    private static final String TEST_PASSWORD = "pa55w0rd";
+
+    // Static state to reduce setup/teardown
+    private static final Context sContext = InstrumentationRegistry.getContext();
+    private static final ConnectivityManager sCM =
+            (ConnectivityManager) sContext.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
+    private static final VpnManager sVpnMgr =
+            (VpnManager) sContext.getSystemService(Context.VPN_MANAGEMENT_SERVICE);
+    private static final CtsNetUtils mCtsNetUtils = new CtsNetUtils(sContext);
+
+    private final X509Certificate mServerRootCa;
+    private final CertificateAndKey mUserCertKey;
+
+    public Ikev2VpnTest() throws Exception {
+        // Build certificates
+        mServerRootCa = generateRandomCertAndKeyPair().cert;
+        mUserCertKey = generateRandomCertAndKeyPair();
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() {
+        setAppop(AppOpsManager.OP_ACTIVATE_VPN, false);
+        setAppop(AppOpsManager.OP_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN, false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the given appop using shell commands
+     *
+     * <p>This method must NEVER be called from within a shell permission, as it will attempt to
+     * acquire, and then drop the shell permission identity. This results in the caller losing the
+     * shell permission identity due to these calls not being reference counted.
+     */
+    public void setAppop(int appop, boolean allow) {
+        // Requires shell permission to update appops.
+        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> {
+            mCtsNetUtils.setAppopPrivileged(appop, allow);
+        }, Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS);
+    }
+
+    private Ikev2VpnProfile buildIkev2VpnProfileCommon(
+            Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder, boolean isRestrictedToTestNetworks) throws Exception {
+        if (isRestrictedToTestNetworks) {
+            builder.restrictToTestNetworks();
+        }
+
+        return builder.setBypassable(true)
+                .setAllowedAlgorithms(TEST_ALLOWED_ALGORITHMS)
+                .setProxy(TEST_PROXY_INFO)
+                .setMaxMtu(TEST_MTU)
+                .setMetered(false)
+                .build();
+    }
+
+    private Ikev2VpnProfile buildIkev2VpnProfilePsk(boolean isRestrictedToTestNetworks)
+            throws Exception {
+        return buildIkev2VpnProfilePsk(TEST_SERVER_ADDR_V6, isRestrictedToTestNetworks);
+    }
+
+    private Ikev2VpnProfile buildIkev2VpnProfilePsk(
+            String remote, boolean isRestrictedToTestNetworks) throws Exception {
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder =
+                new Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder(remote, TEST_IDENTITY).setAuthPsk(TEST_PSK);
+
+        return buildIkev2VpnProfileCommon(builder, isRestrictedToTestNetworks);
+    }
+
+    private Ikev2VpnProfile buildIkev2VpnProfileUsernamePassword(boolean isRestrictedToTestNetworks)
+            throws Exception {
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder =
+                new Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder(TEST_SERVER_ADDR_V6, TEST_IDENTITY)
+                        .setAuthUsernamePassword(TEST_USER, TEST_PASSWORD, mServerRootCa);
+
+        return buildIkev2VpnProfileCommon(builder, isRestrictedToTestNetworks);
+    }
+
+    private Ikev2VpnProfile buildIkev2VpnProfileDigitalSignature(boolean isRestrictedToTestNetworks)
+            throws Exception {
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder =
+                new Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder(TEST_SERVER_ADDR_V6, TEST_IDENTITY)
+                        .setAuthDigitalSignature(
+                                mUserCertKey.cert, mUserCertKey.key, mServerRootCa);
+
+        return buildIkev2VpnProfileCommon(builder, isRestrictedToTestNetworks);
+    }
+
+    private void checkBasicIkev2VpnProfile(@NonNull Ikev2VpnProfile profile) throws Exception {
+        assertEquals(TEST_SERVER_ADDR_V6, profile.getServerAddr());
+        assertEquals(TEST_IDENTITY, profile.getUserIdentity());
+        assertEquals(TEST_PROXY_INFO, profile.getProxyInfo());
+        assertEquals(TEST_ALLOWED_ALGORITHMS, profile.getAllowedAlgorithms());
+        assertTrue(profile.isBypassable());
+        assertFalse(profile.isMetered());
+        assertEquals(TEST_MTU, profile.getMaxMtu());
+        assertFalse(profile.isRestrictedToTestNetworks());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBuildIkev2VpnProfilePsk() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile profile =
+                buildIkev2VpnProfilePsk(false /* isRestrictedToTestNetworks */);
+
+        checkBasicIkev2VpnProfile(profile);
+        assertArrayEquals(TEST_PSK, profile.getPresharedKey());
+
+        // Verify nothing else is set.
+        assertNull(profile.getUsername());
+        assertNull(profile.getPassword());
+        assertNull(profile.getServerRootCaCert());
+        assertNull(profile.getRsaPrivateKey());
+        assertNull(profile.getUserCert());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBuildIkev2VpnProfileUsernamePassword() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile profile =
+                buildIkev2VpnProfileUsernamePassword(false /* isRestrictedToTestNetworks */);
+
+        checkBasicIkev2VpnProfile(profile);
+        assertEquals(TEST_USER, profile.getUsername());
+        assertEquals(TEST_PASSWORD, profile.getPassword());
+        assertEquals(mServerRootCa, profile.getServerRootCaCert());
+
+        // Verify nothing else is set.
+        assertNull(profile.getPresharedKey());
+        assertNull(profile.getRsaPrivateKey());
+        assertNull(profile.getUserCert());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBuildIkev2VpnProfileDigitalSignature() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile profile =
+                buildIkev2VpnProfileDigitalSignature(false /* isRestrictedToTestNetworks */);
+
+        checkBasicIkev2VpnProfile(profile);
+        assertEquals(mUserCertKey.cert, profile.getUserCert());
+        assertEquals(mUserCertKey.key, profile.getRsaPrivateKey());
+        assertEquals(mServerRootCa, profile.getServerRootCaCert());
+
+        // Verify nothing else is set.
+        assertNull(profile.getUsername());
+        assertNull(profile.getPassword());
+        assertNull(profile.getPresharedKey());
+    }
+
+    private void verifyProvisionVpnProfile(
+            boolean hasActivateVpn, boolean hasActivatePlatformVpn, boolean expectIntent)
+            throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+
+        setAppop(AppOpsManager.OP_ACTIVATE_VPN, hasActivateVpn);
+        setAppop(AppOpsManager.OP_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN, hasActivatePlatformVpn);
+
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile profile =
+                buildIkev2VpnProfilePsk(false /* isRestrictedToTestNetworks */);
+        final Intent intent = sVpnMgr.provisionVpnProfile(profile);
+        assertEquals(expectIntent, intent != null);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testProvisionVpnProfileNoPreviousConsent() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+
+        verifyProvisionVpnProfile(false /* hasActivateVpn */,
+                false /* hasActivatePlatformVpn */, true /* expectIntent */);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testProvisionVpnProfilePlatformVpnConsented() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+
+        verifyProvisionVpnProfile(false /* hasActivateVpn */,
+                true /* hasActivatePlatformVpn */, false /* expectIntent */);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testProvisionVpnProfileVpnServiceConsented() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+
+        verifyProvisionVpnProfile(true /* hasActivateVpn */,
+                false /* hasActivatePlatformVpn */, false /* expectIntent */);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testProvisionVpnProfileAllPreConsented() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+
+        verifyProvisionVpnProfile(true /* hasActivateVpn */,
+                true /* hasActivatePlatformVpn */, false /* expectIntent */);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDeleteVpnProfile() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+
+        setAppop(AppOpsManager.OP_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN, true);
+
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile profile =
+                buildIkev2VpnProfilePsk(false /* isRestrictedToTestNetworks */);
+        assertNull(sVpnMgr.provisionVpnProfile(profile));
+
+        // Verify that deleting the profile works (even without the appop)
+        setAppop(AppOpsManager.OP_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN, false);
+        sVpnMgr.deleteProvisionedVpnProfile();
+
+        // Test that the profile was deleted - starting it should throw an IAE.
+        try {
+            setAppop(AppOpsManager.OP_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN, true);
+            sVpnMgr.startProvisionedVpnProfile();
+            fail("Expected IllegalArgumentException due to missing profile");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartVpnProfileNoPreviousConsent() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+
+        setAppop(AppOpsManager.OP_ACTIVATE_VPN, false);
+        setAppop(AppOpsManager.OP_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN, false);
+
+        // Make sure the VpnProfile is not provisioned already.
+        sVpnMgr.stopProvisionedVpnProfile();
+
+        try {
+            sVpnMgr.startProvisionedVpnProfile();
+            fail("Expected SecurityException for missing consent");
+        } catch (SecurityException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void checkStartStopVpnProfileBuildsNetworks(IkeTunUtils tunUtils, boolean testIpv6)
+            throws Exception {
+        String serverAddr = testIpv6 ? TEST_SERVER_ADDR_V6 : TEST_SERVER_ADDR_V4;
+        String initResp = testIpv6 ? SUCCESSFUL_IKE_INIT_RESP_V6 : SUCCESSFUL_IKE_INIT_RESP_V4;
+        String authResp = testIpv6 ? SUCCESSFUL_IKE_AUTH_RESP_V6 : SUCCESSFUL_IKE_AUTH_RESP_V4;
+        boolean hasNat = !testIpv6;
+
+        // Requires MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS to provision a test-mode profile.
+        mCtsNetUtils.setAppopPrivileged(AppOpsManager.OP_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN, true);
+
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile profile =
+                buildIkev2VpnProfilePsk(serverAddr, true /* isRestrictedToTestNetworks */);
+        assertNull(sVpnMgr.provisionVpnProfile(profile));
+
+        sVpnMgr.startProvisionedVpnProfile();
+
+        // Inject IKE negotiation
+        int expectedMsgId = 0;
+        tunUtils.awaitReqAndInjectResp(IKE_INITIATOR_SPI, expectedMsgId++, false /* isEncap */,
+                HexDump.hexStringToByteArray(initResp));
+        tunUtils.awaitReqAndInjectResp(IKE_INITIATOR_SPI, expectedMsgId++, hasNat /* isEncap */,
+                HexDump.hexStringToByteArray(authResp));
+
+        // Verify the VPN network came up
+        final NetworkRequest nr = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .clearCapabilities().addTransportType(TRANSPORT_VPN).build();
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback cb = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        sCM.requestNetwork(nr, cb);
+        cb.waitForAvailable();
+        final Network vpnNetwork = cb.currentNetwork;
+        assertNotNull(vpnNetwork);
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities caps = sCM.getNetworkCapabilities(vpnNetwork);
+        assertTrue(caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN));
+        assertTrue(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET));
+        assertEquals(Process.myUid(), caps.getOwnerUid());
+
+        sVpnMgr.stopProvisionedVpnProfile();
+        cb.waitForLost();
+        assertEquals(vpnNetwork, cb.lastLostNetwork);
+    }
+
+    private class VerifyStartStopVpnProfileTest implements TestNetworkRunnable.Test {
+        private final boolean mTestIpv6Only;
+
+        /**
+         * Constructs the test
+         *
+         * @param testIpv6Only if true, builds a IPv6-only test; otherwise builds a IPv4-only test
+         */
+        VerifyStartStopVpnProfileTest(boolean testIpv6Only) {
+            mTestIpv6Only = testIpv6Only;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void runTest(TestNetworkInterface testIface, TestNetworkCallback tunNetworkCallback)
+                throws Exception {
+            final IkeTunUtils tunUtils = new IkeTunUtils(testIface.getFileDescriptor());
+
+            checkStartStopVpnProfileBuildsNetworks(tunUtils, mTestIpv6Only);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void cleanupTest() {
+            sVpnMgr.stopProvisionedVpnProfile();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public InetAddress[] getTestNetworkAddresses() {
+            if (mTestIpv6Only) {
+                return new InetAddress[] {LOCAL_OUTER_6};
+            } else {
+                return new InetAddress[] {LOCAL_OUTER_4};
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartStopVpnProfileV4() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+
+        // Requires shell permission to update appops.
+        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
+                new TestNetworkRunnable(new VerifyStartStopVpnProfileTest(false)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartStopVpnProfileV6() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+
+        // Requires shell permission to update appops.
+        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
+                new TestNetworkRunnable(new VerifyStartStopVpnProfileTest(true)));
+    }
+
+    private static class CertificateAndKey {
+        public final X509Certificate cert;
+        public final PrivateKey key;
+
+        CertificateAndKey(X509Certificate cert, PrivateKey key) {
+            this.cert = cert;
+            this.key = key;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static CertificateAndKey generateRandomCertAndKeyPair() throws Exception {
+        final Date validityBeginDate =
+                new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() - TimeUnit.DAYS.toMillis(1L));
+        final Date validityEndDate =
+                new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + TimeUnit.DAYS.toMillis(1L));
+
+        // Generate a keypair
+        final KeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
+        keyPairGenerator.initialize(512);
+        final KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair();
+
+        final X500Principal dnName = new X500Principal("CN=test.android.com");
+        final X509V1CertificateGenerator certGen = new X509V1CertificateGenerator();
+        certGen.setSerialNumber(BigInteger.valueOf(System.currentTimeMillis()));
+        certGen.setSubjectDN(dnName);
+        certGen.setIssuerDN(dnName);
+        certGen.setNotBefore(validityBeginDate);
+        certGen.setNotAfter(validityEndDate);
+        certGen.setPublicKey(keyPair.getPublic());
+        certGen.setSignatureAlgorithm("SHA256WithRSAEncryption");
+
+        final X509Certificate cert = certGen.generate(keyPair.getPrivate(), "AndroidOpenSSL");
+        return new CertificateAndKey(cert, keyPair.getPrivate());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/InetAddressesTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/InetAddressesTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7837ce9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/InetAddressesTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import junitparams.JUnitParamsRunner;
+import junitparams.Parameters;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+@RunWith(JUnitParamsRunner.class)
+public class InetAddressesTest {
+
+    public static String[][] validNumericAddressesAndStringRepresentation() {
+        return new String[][] {
+            // Regular IPv4.
+            { "1.2.3.4", "1.2.3.4" },
+
+            // Regular IPv6.
+            { "2001:4860:800d::68", "2001:4860:800d::68" },
+            { "1234:5678::9ABC:DEF0", "1234:5678::9abc:def0" },
+            { "2001:cdba:9abc:5678::", "2001:cdba:9abc:5678::" },
+            { "::2001:cdba:9abc:5678", "::2001:cdba:9abc:5678" },
+            { "64:ff9b::1.2.3.4", "64:ff9b::102:304" },
+
+            { "::9abc:5678", "::154.188.86.120" },
+
+            // Mapped IPv4
+            { "::ffff:127.0.0.1", "127.0.0.1" },
+
+            // Android does not recognize Octal (leading 0) cases: they are treated as decimal.
+            { "0177.00.00.01", "177.0.0.1" },
+
+            // Verify that examples from JavaDoc work correctly.
+            { "192.0.2.1", "192.0.2.1" },
+            { "2001:db8::1:2", "2001:db8::1:2" },
+        };
+    }
+
+    public static String[] invalidNumericAddresses() {
+        return new String[] {
+            "",
+            " ",
+            "\t",
+            "\n",
+            "1.2.3.4.",
+            "1.2.3",
+            "1.2",
+            "1",
+            "1234",
+            "0",
+            "0x1.0x2.0x3.0x4",
+            "0x7f.0x00.0x00.0x01",
+            "0256.00.00.01",
+            "fred",
+            "www.google.com",
+            // IPv6 encoded for use in URL as defined in RFC 2732
+            "[fe80::6:2222]",
+        };
+    }
+
+    @Parameters(method = "validNumericAddressesAndStringRepresentation")
+    @Test
+    public void parseNumericAddress(String address, String expectedString) {
+        InetAddress inetAddress = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(address);
+        assertEquals(expectedString, inetAddress.getHostAddress());
+    }
+
+    @Parameters(method = "invalidNumericAddresses")
+    @Test
+    public void test_parseNonNumericAddress(String address) {
+        try {
+            InetAddress inetAddress = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(address);
+            fail(String.format(
+                "Address %s is not numeric but was parsed as %s", address, inetAddress));
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            assertThat(e.getMessage()).contains(address);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test_parseNumericAddress_null() {
+        try {
+            InetAddress inetAddress = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(null);
+            fail(String.format("null is not numeric but was parsed as %s", inetAddress));
+        } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Parameters(method = "validNumericAddressesAndStringRepresentation")
+    @Test
+    public void test_isNumericAddress(String address, String unused) {
+        assertTrue("expected '" + address + "' to be treated as numeric",
+            InetAddresses.isNumericAddress(address));
+    }
+
+    @Parameters(method = "invalidNumericAddresses")
+    @Test
+    public void test_isNotNumericAddress(String address) {
+        assertFalse("expected '" + address + "' to be treated as non-numeric",
+            InetAddresses.isNumericAddress(address));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test_isNumericAddress_null() {
+        try {
+            InetAddresses.isNumericAddress(null);
+            fail("expected null to throw a NullPointerException");
+        } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpConfigurationTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpConfigurationTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d19d26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpConfigurationTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils.assertParcelingIsLossless;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+
+import android.net.IpConfiguration;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.ProxyInfo;
+import android.net.StaticIpConfiguration;
+import android.os.Build;
+
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+
+import libcore.net.InetAddressUtils;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+public final class IpConfigurationTest {
+    private static final LinkAddress LINKADDR = new LinkAddress("192.0.2.2/25");
+    private static final InetAddress GATEWAY = InetAddressUtils.parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.1");
+    private static final InetAddress DNS1 = InetAddressUtils.parseNumericAddress("8.8.8.8");
+    private static final InetAddress DNS2 = InetAddressUtils.parseNumericAddress("8.8.4.4");
+    private static final String DOMAINS = "example.com";
+
+    private static final ArrayList<InetAddress> dnsServers = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    private StaticIpConfiguration mStaticIpConfig;
+    private ProxyInfo mProxy;
+
+    @Rule
+    public final DevSdkIgnoreRule mIgnoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() {
+        dnsServers.add(DNS1);
+        dnsServers.add(DNS2);
+        mStaticIpConfig = new StaticIpConfiguration.Builder()
+                .setIpAddress(LINKADDR)
+                .setGateway(GATEWAY)
+                .setDnsServers(dnsServers)
+                .setDomains(DOMAINS)
+                .build();
+
+        mProxy = ProxyInfo.buildDirectProxy("test", 8888);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConstructor() {
+        IpConfiguration ipConfig = new IpConfiguration();
+        checkEmpty(ipConfig);
+        assertIpConfigurationEqual(ipConfig, new IpConfiguration());
+        assertIpConfigurationEqual(ipConfig, new IpConfiguration(ipConfig));
+
+        ipConfig.setStaticIpConfiguration(mStaticIpConfig);
+        ipConfig.setHttpProxy(mProxy);
+
+        ipConfig.setIpAssignment(IpConfiguration.IpAssignment.STATIC);
+        ipConfig.setProxySettings(IpConfiguration.ProxySettings.PAC);
+        assertIpConfigurationEqual(ipConfig, new IpConfiguration(ipConfig));
+
+        ipConfig.setIpAssignment(IpConfiguration.IpAssignment.STATIC);
+        ipConfig.setProxySettings(IpConfiguration.ProxySettings.STATIC);
+        assertIpConfigurationEqual(ipConfig, new IpConfiguration(ipConfig));
+
+        ipConfig.setIpAssignment(IpConfiguration.IpAssignment.DHCP);
+        ipConfig.setProxySettings(IpConfiguration.ProxySettings.PAC);
+        assertIpConfigurationEqual(ipConfig, new IpConfiguration(ipConfig));
+
+        ipConfig.setIpAssignment(IpConfiguration.IpAssignment.DHCP);
+        ipConfig.setProxySettings(IpConfiguration.ProxySettings.PAC);
+        assertIpConfigurationEqual(ipConfig, new IpConfiguration(ipConfig));
+
+        ipConfig.setIpAssignment(IpConfiguration.IpAssignment.DHCP);
+        ipConfig.setProxySettings(IpConfiguration.ProxySettings.STATIC);
+        assertIpConfigurationEqual(ipConfig, new IpConfiguration(ipConfig));
+
+        ipConfig.setIpAssignment(IpConfiguration.IpAssignment.DHCP);
+        ipConfig.setProxySettings(IpConfiguration.ProxySettings.NONE);
+        assertIpConfigurationEqual(ipConfig, new IpConfiguration(ipConfig));
+    }
+
+    @ConnectivityModuleTest // The builder was added in an S+ module update.
+    // This whole class is not skipped (marked @ConnectivityModuleTest) in MTS for non-connectivity
+    // modules like NetworkStack, as NetworkStack uses IpConfiguration a lot on Q+, so tests that
+    // cover older APIs are still useful to provide used API coverage for NetworkStack.
+    @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    @Test
+    public void testBuilder() {
+        final IpConfiguration c = new IpConfiguration.Builder()
+                .setStaticIpConfiguration(mStaticIpConfig)
+                .setHttpProxy(mProxy)
+                .build();
+
+        assertEquals(mStaticIpConfig, c.getStaticIpConfiguration());
+        assertEquals(mProxy, c.getHttpProxy());
+    }
+
+    private void checkEmpty(IpConfiguration config) {
+        assertEquals(IpConfiguration.IpAssignment.UNASSIGNED,
+                config.getIpAssignment().UNASSIGNED);
+        assertEquals(IpConfiguration.ProxySettings.UNASSIGNED,
+                config.getProxySettings().UNASSIGNED);
+        assertNull(config.getStaticIpConfiguration());
+        assertNull(config.getHttpProxy());
+    }
+
+    private void assertIpConfigurationEqual(IpConfiguration source, IpConfiguration target) {
+        assertEquals(source.getIpAssignment(), target.getIpAssignment());
+        assertEquals(source.getProxySettings(), target.getProxySettings());
+        assertEquals(source.getHttpProxy(), target.getHttpProxy());
+        assertEquals(source.getStaticIpConfiguration(), target.getStaticIpConfiguration());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParcel() {
+        final IpConfiguration config = new IpConfiguration();
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(config);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecAlgorithmImplTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecAlgorithmImplTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f29273
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecAlgorithmImplTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import static android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_AES_CMAC;
+import static android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_AES_XCBC;
+import static android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_CHACHA20_POLY1305;
+import static android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CTR;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_CMAC;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_CMAC_ICV_LEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_CMAC_KEY_LEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_CTR;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_CTR_BLK_SIZE;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_CTR_IV_LEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_CTR_KEY_LEN_20;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_CTR_KEY_LEN_28;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_CTR_KEY_LEN_36;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_CTR_SALT_LEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_XCBC;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_XCBC_ICV_LEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_XCBC_KEY_LEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.CHACHA20_POLY1305;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.CHACHA20_POLY1305_BLK_SIZE;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.CHACHA20_POLY1305_ICV_LEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.CHACHA20_POLY1305_IV_LEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.CHACHA20_POLY1305_KEY_LEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.CHACHA20_POLY1305_SALT_LEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.ESP_HDRLEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.IP6_HDRLEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.getIpHeader;
+import static android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils.TestNetworkCallback;
+
+import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.runWithShellPermissionIdentity;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
+
+import android.net.IpSecAlgorithm;
+import android.net.IpSecManager;
+import android.net.IpSecTransform;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.TestNetworkInterface;
+import android.net.cts.PacketUtils.BytePayload;
+import android.net.cts.PacketUtils.EspAeadCipher;
+import android.net.cts.PacketUtils.EspAuth;
+import android.net.cts.PacketUtils.EspAuthNull;
+import android.net.cts.PacketUtils.EspCipher;
+import android.net.cts.PacketUtils.EspCipherNull;
+import android.net.cts.PacketUtils.EspCryptCipher;
+import android.net.cts.PacketUtils.EspHeader;
+import android.net.cts.PacketUtils.IpHeader;
+import android.net.cts.PacketUtils.UdpHeader;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
+
+import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.net.DatagramPacket;
+import java.net.DatagramSocket;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@AppModeFull(reason = "Socket cannot bind in instant app mode")
+public class IpSecAlgorithmImplTest extends IpSecBaseTest {
+    private static final InetAddress LOCAL_ADDRESS =
+            InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8:1::1");
+    private static final InetAddress REMOTE_ADDRESS =
+            InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8:1::2");
+
+    private static final int REMOTE_PORT = 12345;
+    private static final IpSecManager sIpSecManager =
+            InstrumentationRegistry.getContext().getSystemService(IpSecManager.class);
+
+    private static class CheckCryptoImplTest implements TestNetworkRunnable.Test {
+        private final IpSecAlgorithm mIpsecEncryptAlgo;
+        private final IpSecAlgorithm mIpsecAuthAlgo;
+        private final IpSecAlgorithm mIpsecAeadAlgo;
+        private final EspCipher mEspCipher;
+        private final EspAuth mEspAuth;
+
+        CheckCryptoImplTest(
+                IpSecAlgorithm ipsecEncryptAlgo,
+                IpSecAlgorithm ipsecAuthAlgo,
+                IpSecAlgorithm ipsecAeadAlgo,
+                EspCipher espCipher,
+                EspAuth espAuth) {
+            mIpsecEncryptAlgo = ipsecEncryptAlgo;
+            mIpsecAuthAlgo = ipsecAuthAlgo;
+            mIpsecAeadAlgo = ipsecAeadAlgo;
+            mEspCipher = espCipher;
+            mEspAuth = espAuth;
+        }
+
+        private static byte[] buildTransportModeEspPayload(
+                int srcPort, int dstPort, int spi, EspCipher espCipher, EspAuth espAuth)
+                throws Exception {
+            final UdpHeader udpPayload =
+                    new UdpHeader(srcPort, dstPort, new BytePayload(TEST_DATA));
+            final IpHeader preEspIpHeader =
+                    getIpHeader(
+                            udpPayload.getProtocolId(), LOCAL_ADDRESS, REMOTE_ADDRESS, udpPayload);
+
+            final PacketUtils.EspHeader espPayload =
+                    new EspHeader(
+                            udpPayload.getProtocolId(),
+                            spi,
+                            1 /* sequence number */,
+                            udpPayload.getPacketBytes(preEspIpHeader),
+                            espCipher,
+                            espAuth);
+            return espPayload.getPacketBytes(preEspIpHeader);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void runTest(TestNetworkInterface testIface, TestNetworkCallback tunNetworkCallback)
+                throws Exception {
+            final TunUtils tunUtils = new TunUtils(testIface.getFileDescriptor());
+            tunNetworkCallback.waitForAvailable();
+            final Network testNetwork = tunNetworkCallback.currentNetwork;
+
+            final IpSecTransform.Builder transformBuilder =
+                    new IpSecTransform.Builder(InstrumentationRegistry.getContext());
+            if (mIpsecAeadAlgo != null) {
+                transformBuilder.setAuthenticatedEncryption(mIpsecAeadAlgo);
+            } else {
+                if (mIpsecEncryptAlgo != null) {
+                    transformBuilder.setEncryption(mIpsecEncryptAlgo);
+                }
+                if (mIpsecAuthAlgo != null) {
+                    transformBuilder.setAuthentication(mIpsecAuthAlgo);
+                }
+            }
+
+            try (IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex outSpi =
+                            sIpSecManager.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(REMOTE_ADDRESS);
+                    IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex inSpi =
+                            sIpSecManager.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(LOCAL_ADDRESS);
+                    IpSecTransform outTransform =
+                            transformBuilder.buildTransportModeTransform(LOCAL_ADDRESS, outSpi);
+                    IpSecTransform inTransform =
+                            transformBuilder.buildTransportModeTransform(REMOTE_ADDRESS, inSpi);
+                    // Bind localSocket to a random available port.
+                    DatagramSocket localSocket = new DatagramSocket(0)) {
+                sIpSecManager.applyTransportModeTransform(
+                        localSocket, IpSecManager.DIRECTION_IN, inTransform);
+                sIpSecManager.applyTransportModeTransform(
+                        localSocket, IpSecManager.DIRECTION_OUT, outTransform);
+
+                // Send ESP packet
+                final DatagramPacket outPacket =
+                        new DatagramPacket(
+                                TEST_DATA, 0, TEST_DATA.length, REMOTE_ADDRESS, REMOTE_PORT);
+                testNetwork.bindSocket(localSocket);
+                localSocket.send(outPacket);
+                final byte[] outEspPacket =
+                        tunUtils.awaitEspPacket(outSpi.getSpi(), false /* useEncap */);
+
+                // Remove transform for good hygiene
+                sIpSecManager.removeTransportModeTransforms(localSocket);
+
+                // Get the kernel-generated ESP payload
+                final byte[] outEspPayload = new byte[outEspPacket.length - IP6_HDRLEN];
+                System.arraycopy(outEspPacket, IP6_HDRLEN, outEspPayload, 0, outEspPayload.length);
+
+                // Get the IV of the kernel-generated ESP payload
+                final byte[] iv =
+                        Arrays.copyOfRange(
+                                outEspPayload, ESP_HDRLEN, ESP_HDRLEN + mEspCipher.ivLen);
+
+                // Build ESP payload using the kernel-generated IV and the user space crypto
+                // implementations
+                mEspCipher.updateIv(iv);
+                final byte[] expectedEspPayload =
+                        buildTransportModeEspPayload(
+                                localSocket.getLocalPort(),
+                                REMOTE_PORT,
+                                outSpi.getSpi(),
+                                mEspCipher,
+                                mEspAuth);
+
+                // Compare user-space-generated and kernel-generated ESP payload
+                assertArrayEquals(expectedEspPayload, outEspPayload);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void cleanupTest() {
+            // Do nothing
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public InetAddress[] getTestNetworkAddresses() {
+            return new InetAddress[] {LOCAL_ADDRESS};
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void checkAesCtr(int keyLen) throws Exception {
+        final byte[] cryptKey = getKeyBytes(keyLen);
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm ipsecEncryptAlgo =
+                new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CTR, cryptKey);
+        final EspCipher espCipher =
+                new EspCryptCipher(
+                        AES_CTR, AES_CTR_BLK_SIZE, cryptKey, AES_CTR_IV_LEN, AES_CTR_SALT_LEN);
+
+        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(new TestNetworkRunnable(new CheckCryptoImplTest(
+                ipsecEncryptAlgo, null /* ipsecAuthAlgo */, null /* ipsecAeadAlgo */,
+                espCipher, EspAuthNull.getInstance())));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCtr160() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(CRYPT_AES_CTR));
+
+        checkAesCtr(AES_CTR_KEY_LEN_20);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCtr224() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(CRYPT_AES_CTR));
+
+        checkAesCtr(AES_CTR_KEY_LEN_28);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCtr288() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(CRYPT_AES_CTR));
+
+        checkAesCtr(AES_CTR_KEY_LEN_36);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesXcbc() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_AES_XCBC));
+
+        final byte[] authKey = getKeyBytes(AES_XCBC_KEY_LEN);
+        final IpSecAlgorithm ipsecAuthAlgo =
+                new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_AES_XCBC, authKey, AES_XCBC_ICV_LEN * 8);
+        final EspAuth espAuth = new EspAuth(AES_XCBC, authKey, AES_XCBC_ICV_LEN);
+
+        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(new TestNetworkRunnable(new CheckCryptoImplTest(
+                null /* ipsecEncryptAlgo */, ipsecAuthAlgo, null /* ipsecAeadAlgo */,
+                EspCipherNull.getInstance(), espAuth)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCmac() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_AES_CMAC));
+
+        final byte[] authKey = getKeyBytes(AES_CMAC_KEY_LEN);
+        final IpSecAlgorithm ipsecAuthAlgo =
+                new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_AES_CMAC, authKey, AES_CMAC_ICV_LEN * 8);
+        final EspAuth espAuth = new EspAuth(AES_CMAC, authKey, AES_CMAC_ICV_LEN);
+
+        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(new TestNetworkRunnable(new CheckCryptoImplTest(
+                null /* ipsecEncryptAlgo */, ipsecAuthAlgo, null /* ipsecAeadAlgo */,
+                EspCipherNull.getInstance(), espAuth)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testChaCha20Poly1305() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_CRYPT_CHACHA20_POLY1305));
+
+        final byte[] cryptKey = getKeyBytes(CHACHA20_POLY1305_KEY_LEN);
+        final IpSecAlgorithm ipsecAeadAlgo =
+                new IpSecAlgorithm(
+                        IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_CHACHA20_POLY1305,
+                        cryptKey,
+                        CHACHA20_POLY1305_ICV_LEN * 8);
+        final EspAeadCipher espAead =
+                new EspAeadCipher(
+                        CHACHA20_POLY1305,
+                        CHACHA20_POLY1305_BLK_SIZE,
+                        cryptKey,
+                        CHACHA20_POLY1305_IV_LEN,
+                        CHACHA20_POLY1305_ICV_LEN,
+                        CHACHA20_POLY1305_SALT_LEN);
+
+        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
+                new TestNetworkRunnable(
+                        new CheckCryptoImplTest(
+                                null /* ipsecEncryptAlgo */,
+                                null /* ipsecAuthAlgo */,
+                                ipsecAeadAlgo,
+                                espAead,
+                                EspAuthNull.getInstance())));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecBaseTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecBaseTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f710d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecBaseTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,743 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import static android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM;
+import static android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_MD5;
+import static android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA1;
+import static android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA256;
+import static android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA384;
+import static android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA512;
+import static android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.FIONREAD;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.IpSecAlgorithm;
+import android.net.IpSecManager;
+import android.net.IpSecTransform;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.system.Os;
+import android.system.OsConstants;
+import android.system.StructTimeval;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.net.DatagramPacket;
+import java.net.DatagramSocket;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.Socket;
+import java.net.SocketAddress;
+import java.net.SocketException;
+import java.net.SocketImpl;
+import java.net.SocketOptions;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+public class IpSecBaseTest {
+
+    private static final String TAG = IpSecBaseTest.class.getSimpleName();
+
+    protected static final String IPV4_LOOPBACK = "127.0.0.1";
+    protected static final String IPV6_LOOPBACK = "::1";
+    protected static final String[] LOOPBACK_ADDRS = new String[] {IPV4_LOOPBACK, IPV6_LOOPBACK};
+    protected static final int[] DIRECTIONS =
+            new int[] {IpSecManager.DIRECTION_IN, IpSecManager.DIRECTION_OUT};
+
+    protected static final byte[] TEST_DATA = "Best test data ever!".getBytes();
+    protected static final int DATA_BUFFER_LEN = 4096;
+    protected static final int SOCK_TIMEOUT = 500;
+
+    private static final byte[] KEY_DATA = {
+        0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+        0x08, 0x09, 0x0A, 0x0B, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0x0E, 0x0F,
+        0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17,
+        0x18, 0x19, 0x1A, 0x1B, 0x1C, 0x1D, 0x1E, 0x1F,
+        0x20, 0x21, 0x22, 0x23
+    };
+
+    private static final Set<String> MANDATORY_IPSEC_ALGOS_SINCE_P = new HashSet<>();
+
+    static {
+        MANDATORY_IPSEC_ALGOS_SINCE_P.add(CRYPT_AES_CBC);
+        MANDATORY_IPSEC_ALGOS_SINCE_P.add(AUTH_HMAC_MD5);
+        MANDATORY_IPSEC_ALGOS_SINCE_P.add(AUTH_HMAC_SHA1);
+        MANDATORY_IPSEC_ALGOS_SINCE_P.add(AUTH_HMAC_SHA256);
+        MANDATORY_IPSEC_ALGOS_SINCE_P.add(AUTH_HMAC_SHA384);
+        MANDATORY_IPSEC_ALGOS_SINCE_P.add(AUTH_HMAC_SHA512);
+        MANDATORY_IPSEC_ALGOS_SINCE_P.add(AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM);
+    }
+
+    protected static final byte[] AUTH_KEY = getKey(256);
+    protected static final byte[] CRYPT_KEY = getKey(256);
+
+    protected ConnectivityManager mCM;
+    protected IpSecManager mISM;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        mISM =
+                (IpSecManager)
+                        InstrumentationRegistry.getContext()
+                                .getSystemService(Context.IPSEC_SERVICE);
+        mCM =
+                (ConnectivityManager)
+                        InstrumentationRegistry.getContext()
+                                .getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
+    }
+
+    /** Checks if an IPsec algorithm is enabled on the device */
+    protected static boolean hasIpSecAlgorithm(String algorithm) {
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastS()) {
+            return IpSecAlgorithm.getSupportedAlgorithms().contains(algorithm);
+        } else {
+            return MANDATORY_IPSEC_ALGOS_SINCE_P.contains(algorithm);
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected static byte[] getKeyBytes(int byteLength) {
+        return Arrays.copyOf(KEY_DATA, byteLength);
+    }
+
+    protected static byte[] getKey(int bitLength) {
+        if (bitLength % 8 != 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid key length in bits" + bitLength);
+        }
+        return getKeyBytes(bitLength / 8);
+    }
+
+    protected static int getDomain(InetAddress address) {
+        int domain;
+        if (address instanceof Inet6Address) {
+            domain = OsConstants.AF_INET6;
+        } else {
+            domain = OsConstants.AF_INET;
+        }
+        return domain;
+    }
+
+    protected static int getPort(FileDescriptor sock) throws Exception {
+        return ((InetSocketAddress) Os.getsockname(sock)).getPort();
+    }
+
+    public static interface GenericSocket extends AutoCloseable {
+        void send(byte[] data) throws Exception;
+
+        byte[] receive() throws Exception;
+
+        int getPort() throws Exception;
+
+        void close() throws Exception;
+
+        void applyTransportModeTransform(
+                IpSecManager ism, int direction, IpSecTransform transform) throws Exception;
+
+        void removeTransportModeTransforms(IpSecManager ism) throws Exception;
+    }
+
+    public static interface GenericTcpSocket extends GenericSocket {}
+
+    public static interface GenericUdpSocket extends GenericSocket {
+        void sendTo(byte[] data, InetAddress dstAddr, int port) throws Exception;
+    }
+
+    public abstract static class NativeSocket implements GenericSocket {
+        public FileDescriptor mFd;
+
+        public NativeSocket(FileDescriptor fd) {
+            mFd = fd;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void send(byte[] data) throws Exception {
+            Os.write(mFd, data, 0, data.length);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public byte[] receive() throws Exception {
+            byte[] in = new byte[DATA_BUFFER_LEN];
+            AtomicInteger bytesRead = new AtomicInteger(-1);
+
+            Thread readSockThread = new Thread(() -> {
+                long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+                while (bytesRead.get() < 0 && System.currentTimeMillis() < startTime + SOCK_TIMEOUT) {
+                    try {
+                        bytesRead.set(Os.recvfrom(mFd, in, 0, DATA_BUFFER_LEN, 0, null));
+                    } catch (Exception e) {
+                        Log.e(TAG, "Error encountered reading from socket", e);
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+
+            readSockThread.start();
+            readSockThread.join(SOCK_TIMEOUT);
+
+            if (bytesRead.get() < 0) {
+                throw new IOException("No data received from socket");
+            }
+
+            return Arrays.copyOfRange(in, 0, bytesRead.get());
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int getPort() throws Exception {
+            return IpSecBaseTest.getPort(mFd);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void close() throws Exception {
+            Os.close(mFd);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void applyTransportModeTransform(
+                IpSecManager ism, int direction, IpSecTransform transform) throws Exception {
+            ism.applyTransportModeTransform(mFd, direction, transform);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void removeTransportModeTransforms(IpSecManager ism) throws Exception {
+            ism.removeTransportModeTransforms(mFd);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static class NativeTcpSocket extends NativeSocket implements GenericTcpSocket {
+        public NativeTcpSocket(FileDescriptor fd) {
+            super(fd);
+        }
+
+        public JavaTcpSocket acceptToJavaSocket() throws Exception {
+            InetSocketAddress peer = new InetSocketAddress(0);
+            FileDescriptor newFd = Os.accept(mFd, peer);
+            return new JavaTcpSocket(new AcceptedTcpFileDescriptorSocket(newFd, peer, getPort()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static class NativeUdpSocket extends NativeSocket implements GenericUdpSocket {
+        public NativeUdpSocket(FileDescriptor fd) {
+            super(fd);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void sendTo(byte[] data, InetAddress dstAddr, int port) throws Exception {
+            Os.sendto(mFd, data, 0, data.length, 0, dstAddr, port);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static class JavaUdpSocket implements GenericUdpSocket {
+        public final DatagramSocket mSocket;
+
+        public JavaUdpSocket(InetAddress localAddr, int port) {
+            try {
+                mSocket = new DatagramSocket(port, localAddr);
+                mSocket.setSoTimeout(SOCK_TIMEOUT);
+            } catch (SocketException e) {
+                // Fail loudly if we can't set up sockets properly. And without the timeout, we
+                // could easily end up in an endless wait.
+                throw new RuntimeException(e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public JavaUdpSocket(InetAddress localAddr) {
+            try {
+                mSocket = new DatagramSocket(0, localAddr);
+                mSocket.setSoTimeout(SOCK_TIMEOUT);
+            } catch (SocketException e) {
+                // Fail loudly if we can't set up sockets properly. And without the timeout, we
+                // could easily end up in an endless wait.
+                throw new RuntimeException(e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void send(byte[] data) throws Exception {
+            mSocket.send(new DatagramPacket(data, data.length));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void sendTo(byte[] data, InetAddress dstAddr, int port) throws Exception {
+            mSocket.send(new DatagramPacket(data, data.length, dstAddr, port));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int getPort() throws Exception {
+            return mSocket.getLocalPort();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void close() throws Exception {
+            mSocket.close();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public byte[] receive() throws Exception {
+            DatagramPacket data = new DatagramPacket(new byte[DATA_BUFFER_LEN], DATA_BUFFER_LEN);
+            mSocket.receive(data);
+            return Arrays.copyOfRange(data.getData(), 0, data.getLength());
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void applyTransportModeTransform(
+                IpSecManager ism, int direction, IpSecTransform transform) throws Exception {
+            ism.applyTransportModeTransform(mSocket, direction, transform);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void removeTransportModeTransforms(IpSecManager ism) throws Exception {
+            ism.removeTransportModeTransforms(mSocket);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static class JavaTcpSocket implements GenericTcpSocket {
+        public final Socket mSocket;
+
+        public JavaTcpSocket(Socket socket) {
+            mSocket = socket;
+            try {
+                mSocket.setSoTimeout(SOCK_TIMEOUT);
+            } catch (SocketException e) {
+                // Fail loudly if we can't set up sockets properly. And without the timeout, we
+                // could easily end up in an endless wait.
+                throw new RuntimeException(e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void send(byte[] data) throws Exception {
+            mSocket.getOutputStream().write(data);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public byte[] receive() throws Exception {
+            byte[] in = new byte[DATA_BUFFER_LEN];
+            int bytesRead = mSocket.getInputStream().read(in);
+            return Arrays.copyOfRange(in, 0, bytesRead);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int getPort() throws Exception {
+            return mSocket.getLocalPort();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void close() throws Exception {
+            mSocket.close();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void applyTransportModeTransform(
+                IpSecManager ism, int direction, IpSecTransform transform) throws Exception {
+            ism.applyTransportModeTransform(mSocket, direction, transform);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void removeTransportModeTransforms(IpSecManager ism) throws Exception {
+            ism.removeTransportModeTransforms(mSocket);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class AcceptedTcpFileDescriptorSocket extends Socket {
+
+        AcceptedTcpFileDescriptorSocket(FileDescriptor fd, InetSocketAddress remote,
+                int localPort) throws IOException {
+            super(new FileDescriptorSocketImpl(fd, remote, localPort));
+            connect(remote);
+        }
+
+        private static class FileDescriptorSocketImpl extends SocketImpl {
+
+            private FileDescriptorSocketImpl(FileDescriptor fd, InetSocketAddress remote,
+                    int localPort) {
+                this.fd = fd;
+                this.address = remote.getAddress();
+                this.port = remote.getPort();
+                this.localport = localPort;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            protected void create(boolean stream) throws IOException {
+                // The socket has been created.
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            protected void connect(String host, int port) throws IOException {
+                // The socket has connected.
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            protected void connect(InetAddress address, int port) throws IOException {
+                // The socket has connected.
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            protected void connect(SocketAddress address, int timeout) throws IOException {
+                // The socket has connected.
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            protected void bind(InetAddress host, int port) throws IOException {
+                // The socket is bounded.
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            protected void listen(int backlog) throws IOException {
+                throw new UnsupportedOperationException("listen");
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            protected void accept(SocketImpl s) throws IOException {
+                throw new UnsupportedOperationException("accept");
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            protected InputStream getInputStream() throws IOException {
+                return new FileInputStream(fd);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            protected OutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException {
+                return new FileOutputStream(fd);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            protected int available() throws IOException {
+                try {
+                    return Os.ioctlInt(fd, FIONREAD);
+                } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                    throw new IOException(e);
+                }
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            protected void close() throws IOException {
+                try {
+                    Os.close(fd);
+                } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                    throw new IOException(e);
+                }
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            protected void sendUrgentData(int data) throws IOException {
+                throw new UnsupportedOperationException("sendUrgentData");
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void setOption(int optID, Object value) throws SocketException {
+                try {
+                    setOptionInternal(optID, value);
+                } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                    throw new SocketException(e.getMessage());
+                }
+            }
+
+            private void setOptionInternal(int optID, Object value) throws ErrnoException,
+                    SocketException {
+                switch(optID) {
+                    case SocketOptions.SO_TIMEOUT:
+                        int millis = (Integer) value;
+                        StructTimeval tv = StructTimeval.fromMillis(millis);
+                        Os.setsockoptTimeval(fd, OsConstants.SOL_SOCKET, OsConstants.SO_RCVTIMEO,
+                                tv);
+                        return;
+                    default:
+                        throw new SocketException("Unknown socket option: " + optID);
+                }
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public Object getOption(int optID) throws SocketException {
+                try {
+                    return getOptionInternal(optID);
+                } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                    throw new SocketException(e.getMessage());
+                }
+            }
+
+            private Object getOptionInternal(int optID) throws ErrnoException, SocketException {
+                switch (optID) {
+                    case SocketOptions.SO_LINGER:
+                        // Returns an arbitrary value because IpSecManager doesn't actually
+                        // use this value.
+                        return 10;
+                    default:
+                        throw new SocketException("Unknown socket option: " + optID);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static class SocketPair<T> {
+        public final T mLeftSock;
+        public final T mRightSock;
+
+        public SocketPair(T leftSock, T rightSock) {
+            mLeftSock = leftSock;
+            mRightSock = rightSock;
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected static void applyTransformBidirectionally(
+            IpSecManager ism, IpSecTransform transform, GenericSocket socket) throws Exception {
+        for (int direction : DIRECTIONS) {
+            socket.applyTransportModeTransform(ism, direction, transform);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static SocketPair<NativeUdpSocket> getNativeUdpSocketPair(
+            InetAddress localAddr, IpSecManager ism, IpSecTransform transform, boolean connected)
+            throws Exception {
+        int domain = getDomain(localAddr);
+
+        NativeUdpSocket leftSock = new NativeUdpSocket(
+            Os.socket(domain, OsConstants.SOCK_DGRAM, OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP));
+        NativeUdpSocket rightSock = new NativeUdpSocket(
+            Os.socket(domain, OsConstants.SOCK_DGRAM, OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP));
+
+        for (NativeUdpSocket sock : new NativeUdpSocket[] {leftSock, rightSock}) {
+            applyTransformBidirectionally(ism, transform, sock);
+            Os.bind(sock.mFd, localAddr, 0);
+        }
+
+        if (connected) {
+            Os.connect(leftSock.mFd, localAddr, rightSock.getPort());
+            Os.connect(rightSock.mFd, localAddr, leftSock.getPort());
+        }
+
+        return new SocketPair<>(leftSock, rightSock);
+    }
+
+    public static SocketPair<NativeTcpSocket> getNativeTcpSocketPair(
+            InetAddress localAddr, IpSecManager ism, IpSecTransform transform) throws Exception {
+        int domain = getDomain(localAddr);
+
+        NativeTcpSocket server = new NativeTcpSocket(
+                Os.socket(domain, OsConstants.SOCK_STREAM, OsConstants.IPPROTO_TCP));
+        NativeTcpSocket client = new NativeTcpSocket(
+                Os.socket(domain, OsConstants.SOCK_STREAM, OsConstants.IPPROTO_TCP));
+
+        Os.bind(server.mFd, localAddr, 0);
+
+        applyTransformBidirectionally(ism, transform, server);
+        applyTransformBidirectionally(ism, transform, client);
+
+        Os.listen(server.mFd, 10);
+        Os.connect(client.mFd, localAddr, server.getPort());
+        NativeTcpSocket accepted = new NativeTcpSocket(Os.accept(server.mFd, null));
+
+        applyTransformBidirectionally(ism, transform, accepted);
+        server.close();
+
+        return new SocketPair<>(client, accepted);
+    }
+
+    public static SocketPair<JavaUdpSocket> getJavaUdpSocketPair(
+            InetAddress localAddr, IpSecManager ism, IpSecTransform transform, boolean connected)
+            throws Exception {
+        JavaUdpSocket leftSock = new JavaUdpSocket(localAddr);
+        JavaUdpSocket rightSock = new JavaUdpSocket(localAddr);
+
+        applyTransformBidirectionally(ism, transform, leftSock);
+        applyTransformBidirectionally(ism, transform, rightSock);
+
+        if (connected) {
+            leftSock.mSocket.connect(localAddr, rightSock.mSocket.getLocalPort());
+            rightSock.mSocket.connect(localAddr, leftSock.mSocket.getLocalPort());
+        }
+
+        return new SocketPair<>(leftSock, rightSock);
+    }
+
+    public static SocketPair<JavaTcpSocket> getJavaTcpSocketPair(
+            InetAddress localAddr, IpSecManager ism, IpSecTransform transform) throws Exception {
+        JavaTcpSocket clientSock = new JavaTcpSocket(new Socket());
+
+        // While technically the client socket does not need to be bound, the OpenJDK implementation
+        // of Socket only allocates an FD when bind() or connect() or other similar methods are
+        // called. So we call bind to force the FD creation, so that we can apply a transform to it
+        // prior to socket connect.
+        clientSock.mSocket.bind(new InetSocketAddress(localAddr, 0));
+
+        // IpSecService doesn't support serverSockets at the moment; workaround using FD
+        NativeTcpSocket server = new NativeTcpSocket(
+                Os.socket(getDomain(localAddr), OsConstants.SOCK_STREAM, OsConstants.IPPROTO_TCP));
+        Os.bind(server.mFd, localAddr, 0);
+
+        applyTransformBidirectionally(ism, transform, server);
+        applyTransformBidirectionally(ism, transform, clientSock);
+
+        Os.listen(server.mFd, 10 /* backlog */);
+        clientSock.mSocket.connect(new InetSocketAddress(localAddr, server.getPort()));
+        JavaTcpSocket acceptedSock = server.acceptToJavaSocket();
+
+        applyTransformBidirectionally(ism, transform, acceptedSock);
+        server.close();
+
+        return new SocketPair<>(clientSock, acceptedSock);
+    }
+
+    private void checkSocketPair(GenericSocket left, GenericSocket right) throws Exception {
+        left.send(TEST_DATA);
+        assertArrayEquals(TEST_DATA, right.receive());
+
+        right.send(TEST_DATA);
+        assertArrayEquals(TEST_DATA, left.receive());
+
+        left.close();
+        right.close();
+    }
+
+    private void checkUnconnectedUdpSocketPair(
+            GenericUdpSocket left, GenericUdpSocket right, InetAddress localAddr) throws Exception {
+        left.sendTo(TEST_DATA, localAddr, right.getPort());
+        assertArrayEquals(TEST_DATA, right.receive());
+
+        right.sendTo(TEST_DATA, localAddr, left.getPort());
+        assertArrayEquals(TEST_DATA, left.receive());
+
+        left.close();
+        right.close();
+    }
+
+    protected static IpSecTransform buildIpSecTransform(
+            Context context,
+            IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex spi,
+            IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket encapSocket,
+            InetAddress remoteAddr)
+            throws Exception {
+        IpSecTransform.Builder builder =
+                new IpSecTransform.Builder(context)
+                        .setEncryption(new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY))
+                        .setAuthentication(
+                                new IpSecAlgorithm(
+                                        IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA256,
+                                        AUTH_KEY,
+                                        AUTH_KEY.length * 4));
+
+        if (encapSocket != null) {
+            builder.setIpv4Encapsulation(encapSocket, encapSocket.getPort());
+        }
+
+        return builder.buildTransportModeTransform(remoteAddr, spi);
+    }
+
+    private IpSecTransform buildDefaultTransform(InetAddress localAddr) throws Exception {
+        try (IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex spi =
+                mISM.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(localAddr)) {
+            return buildIpSecTransform(InstrumentationRegistry.getContext(), spi, null, localAddr);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Socket cannot bind in instant app mode")
+    public void testJavaTcpSocketPair() throws Exception {
+        for (String addr : LOOPBACK_ADDRS) {
+            InetAddress local = InetAddress.getByName(addr);
+            try (IpSecTransform transform = buildDefaultTransform(local)) {
+                SocketPair<JavaTcpSocket> sockets = getJavaTcpSocketPair(local, mISM, transform);
+                checkSocketPair(sockets.mLeftSock, sockets.mRightSock);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Socket cannot bind in instant app mode")
+    public void testJavaUdpSocketPair() throws Exception {
+        for (String addr : LOOPBACK_ADDRS) {
+            InetAddress local = InetAddress.getByName(addr);
+            try (IpSecTransform transform = buildDefaultTransform(local)) {
+                SocketPair<JavaUdpSocket> sockets =
+                        getJavaUdpSocketPair(local, mISM, transform, true);
+                checkSocketPair(sockets.mLeftSock, sockets.mRightSock);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Socket cannot bind in instant app mode")
+    public void testJavaUdpSocketPairUnconnected() throws Exception {
+        for (String addr : LOOPBACK_ADDRS) {
+            InetAddress local = InetAddress.getByName(addr);
+            try (IpSecTransform transform = buildDefaultTransform(local)) {
+                SocketPair<JavaUdpSocket> sockets =
+                        getJavaUdpSocketPair(local, mISM, transform, false);
+                checkUnconnectedUdpSocketPair(sockets.mLeftSock, sockets.mRightSock, local);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Socket cannot bind in instant app mode")
+    public void testNativeTcpSocketPair() throws Exception {
+        for (String addr : LOOPBACK_ADDRS) {
+            InetAddress local = InetAddress.getByName(addr);
+            try (IpSecTransform transform = buildDefaultTransform(local)) {
+                SocketPair<NativeTcpSocket> sockets =
+                        getNativeTcpSocketPair(local, mISM, transform);
+                checkSocketPair(sockets.mLeftSock, sockets.mRightSock);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Socket cannot bind in instant app mode")
+    public void testNativeUdpSocketPair() throws Exception {
+        for (String addr : LOOPBACK_ADDRS) {
+            InetAddress local = InetAddress.getByName(addr);
+            try (IpSecTransform transform = buildDefaultTransform(local)) {
+                SocketPair<NativeUdpSocket> sockets =
+                        getNativeUdpSocketPair(local, mISM, transform, true);
+                checkSocketPair(sockets.mLeftSock, sockets.mRightSock);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Socket cannot bind in instant app mode")
+    public void testNativeUdpSocketPairUnconnected() throws Exception {
+        for (String addr : LOOPBACK_ADDRS) {
+            InetAddress local = InetAddress.getByName(addr);
+            try (IpSecTransform transform = buildDefaultTransform(local)) {
+                SocketPair<NativeUdpSocket> sockets =
+                        getNativeUdpSocketPair(local, mISM, transform, false);
+                checkUnconnectedUdpSocketPair(sockets.mLeftSock, sockets.mRightSock, local);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecManagerTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8234ec1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecManagerTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1534 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import static android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_AES_CMAC;
+import static android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_AES_XCBC;
+import static android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM;
+import static android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_CHACHA20_POLY1305;
+import static android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_MD5;
+import static android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA1;
+import static android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA256;
+import static android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA384;
+import static android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA512;
+import static android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC;
+import static android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CTR;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_CBC_BLK_SIZE;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_CBC_IV_LEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_CMAC_ICV_LEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_CMAC_KEY_LEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_CTR_BLK_SIZE;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_CTR_IV_LEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_CTR_KEY_LEN_20;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_GCM_BLK_SIZE;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_GCM_IV_LEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_XCBC_ICV_LEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_XCBC_KEY_LEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.CHACHA20_POLY1305_BLK_SIZE;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.CHACHA20_POLY1305_ICV_LEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.CHACHA20_POLY1305_IV_LEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.HMAC_SHA512_ICV_LEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.HMAC_SHA512_KEY_LEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.IP4_HDRLEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.IP6_HDRLEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.TCP_HDRLEN_WITH_TIMESTAMP_OPT;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.UDP_HDRLEN;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_TCP;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP;
+
+import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.PropertyUtil.getFirstApiLevel;
+import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.PropertyUtil.getVendorApiLevel;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertThrows;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
+
+import android.net.IpSecAlgorithm;
+import android.net.IpSecManager;
+import android.net.IpSecTransform;
+import android.net.TrafficStats;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.system.Os;
+import android.system.OsConstants;
+
+import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.DatagramPacket;
+import java.net.DatagramSocket;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@AppModeFull(reason = "Socket cannot bind in instant app mode")
+public class IpSecManagerTest extends IpSecBaseTest {
+    @Rule public final DevSdkIgnoreRule ignoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
+
+    private static final String TAG = IpSecManagerTest.class.getSimpleName();
+
+    private static final InetAddress GOOGLE_DNS_4 = InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("8.8.8.8");
+    private static final InetAddress GOOGLE_DNS_6 =
+            InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("2001:4860:4860::8888");
+
+    private static final InetAddress[] GOOGLE_DNS_LIST =
+            new InetAddress[] {GOOGLE_DNS_4, GOOGLE_DNS_6};
+
+    private static final int DROID_SPI = 0xD1201D;
+    private static final int MAX_PORT_BIND_ATTEMPTS = 10;
+
+    private static final byte[] AEAD_KEY = getKey(288);
+
+    /*
+     * Allocate a random SPI
+     * Allocate a specific SPI using previous randomly created SPI value
+     * Realloc the same SPI that was specifically created (expect SpiUnavailable)
+     * Close SPIs
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testAllocSpi() throws Exception {
+        for (InetAddress addr : GOOGLE_DNS_LIST) {
+            IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex randomSpi = null, droidSpi = null;
+            randomSpi = mISM.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(addr);
+            assertTrue(
+                    "Failed to receive a valid SPI",
+                    randomSpi.getSpi() != IpSecManager.INVALID_SECURITY_PARAMETER_INDEX);
+
+            droidSpi = mISM.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(addr, DROID_SPI);
+            assertTrue("Failed to allocate specified SPI, " + DROID_SPI,
+                    droidSpi.getSpi() == DROID_SPI);
+
+            IpSecManager.SpiUnavailableException expectedException =
+                    assertThrows("Duplicate SPI was allowed to be created",
+                            IpSecManager.SpiUnavailableException.class,
+                            () -> mISM.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(addr, DROID_SPI));
+            assertEquals(expectedException.getSpi(), droidSpi.getSpi());
+
+            randomSpi.close();
+            droidSpi.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** This function finds an available port */
+    private static int findUnusedPort() throws Exception {
+        // Get an available port.
+        DatagramSocket s = new DatagramSocket();
+        int port = s.getLocalPort();
+        s.close();
+        return port;
+    }
+
+    private static FileDescriptor getBoundUdpSocket(InetAddress address) throws Exception {
+        FileDescriptor sock =
+                Os.socket(getDomain(address), OsConstants.SOCK_DGRAM, OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_PORT_BIND_ATTEMPTS; i++) {
+            try {
+                int port = findUnusedPort();
+                Os.bind(sock, address, port);
+                break;
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                // Someone claimed the port since we called findUnusedPort.
+                if (e.errno == OsConstants.EADDRINUSE) {
+                    if (i == MAX_PORT_BIND_ATTEMPTS - 1) {
+
+                        fail("Failed " + MAX_PORT_BIND_ATTEMPTS + " attempts to bind to a port");
+                    }
+                    continue;
+                }
+                throw e.rethrowAsIOException();
+            }
+        }
+        return sock;
+    }
+
+    private void checkUnconnectedUdp(IpSecTransform transform, InetAddress local, int sendCount,
+                                     boolean useJavaSockets) throws Exception {
+        GenericUdpSocket sockLeft = null, sockRight = null;
+        if (useJavaSockets) {
+            SocketPair<JavaUdpSocket> sockets = getJavaUdpSocketPair(local, mISM, transform, false);
+            sockLeft = sockets.mLeftSock;
+            sockRight = sockets.mRightSock;
+        } else {
+            SocketPair<NativeUdpSocket> sockets =
+                    getNativeUdpSocketPair(local, mISM, transform, false);
+            sockLeft = sockets.mLeftSock;
+            sockRight = sockets.mRightSock;
+        }
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < sendCount; i++) {
+            byte[] in;
+
+            sockLeft.sendTo(TEST_DATA, local, sockRight.getPort());
+            in = sockRight.receive();
+            assertArrayEquals("Left-to-right encrypted data did not match.", TEST_DATA, in);
+
+            sockRight.sendTo(TEST_DATA, local, sockLeft.getPort());
+            in = sockLeft.receive();
+            assertArrayEquals("Right-to-left encrypted data did not match.", TEST_DATA, in);
+        }
+
+        sockLeft.close();
+        sockRight.close();
+    }
+
+    private void checkTcp(IpSecTransform transform, InetAddress local, int sendCount,
+                          boolean useJavaSockets) throws Exception {
+        GenericTcpSocket client = null, accepted = null;
+        if (useJavaSockets) {
+            SocketPair<JavaTcpSocket> sockets = getJavaTcpSocketPair(local, mISM, transform);
+            client = sockets.mLeftSock;
+            accepted = sockets.mRightSock;
+        } else {
+            SocketPair<NativeTcpSocket> sockets = getNativeTcpSocketPair(local, mISM, transform);
+            client = sockets.mLeftSock;
+            accepted = sockets.mRightSock;
+        }
+
+        // Wait for TCP handshake packets to be counted
+        StatsChecker.waitForNumPackets(3); // (SYN, SYN+ACK, ACK)
+
+        // Reset StatsChecker, to ignore negotiation overhead.
+        StatsChecker.initStatsChecker();
+        for (int i = 0; i < sendCount; i++) {
+            byte[] in;
+
+            client.send(TEST_DATA);
+            in = accepted.receive();
+            assertArrayEquals("Client-to-server encrypted data did not match.", TEST_DATA, in);
+
+            // Allow for newest data + ack packets to be returned before sending next packet
+            // Also add the number of expected packets in each of the previous runs (4 per run)
+            StatsChecker.waitForNumPackets(2 + (4 * i));
+
+            accepted.send(TEST_DATA);
+            in = client.receive();
+            assertArrayEquals("Server-to-client encrypted data did not match.", TEST_DATA, in);
+
+            // Allow for all data + ack packets to be returned before sending next packet
+            // Also add the number of expected packets in each of the previous runs (4 per run)
+            StatsChecker.waitForNumPackets(4 * (i + 1));
+        }
+
+        // Transforms should not be removed from the sockets, otherwise FIN packets will be sent
+        //     unencrypted.
+        // This test also unfortunately happens to rely on a nuance of the cleanup order. By
+        //     keeping the policy on the socket, but removing the SA before lingering FIN packets
+        //     are sent (at an undetermined later time), the FIN packets are dropped. Without this,
+        //     we run into all kinds of headaches trying to test data accounting (unsolicited
+        //     packets mysteriously appearing and messing up our counters)
+        // The right way to close sockets is to set SO_LINGER to ensure synchronous closure,
+        //     closing the sockets, and then closing the transforms. See documentation for the
+        //     Socket or FileDescriptor flavors of applyTransportModeTransform() in IpSecManager
+        //     for more details.
+
+        client.close();
+        accepted.close();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Alloc outbound SPI
+     * Alloc inbound SPI
+     * Create transport mode transform
+     * open socket
+     * apply transform to socket
+     * send data on socket
+     * release transform
+     * send data (expect exception)
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateTransform() throws Exception {
+        InetAddress localAddr = InetAddress.getByName(IPV4_LOOPBACK);
+        IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex spi =
+                mISM.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(localAddr);
+
+        IpSecTransform transform =
+                new IpSecTransform.Builder(InstrumentationRegistry.getContext())
+                        .setEncryption(new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY))
+                        .setAuthentication(
+                                new IpSecAlgorithm(
+                                        IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA256,
+                                        AUTH_KEY,
+                                        AUTH_KEY.length * 8))
+                        .buildTransportModeTransform(localAddr, spi);
+
+        final boolean [][] applyInApplyOut = {
+                {false, false}, {false, true}, {true, false}, {true,true}};
+        final byte[] data = new String("Best test data ever!").getBytes("UTF-8");
+        final DatagramPacket outPacket = new DatagramPacket(data, 0, data.length, localAddr, 0);
+
+        byte[] in = new byte[data.length];
+        DatagramPacket inPacket = new DatagramPacket(in, in.length);
+        DatagramSocket localSocket;
+        int localPort;
+
+        for(boolean[] io : applyInApplyOut) {
+            boolean applyIn = io[0];
+            boolean applyOut = io[1];
+            // Bind localSocket to a random available port.
+            localSocket = new DatagramSocket(0);
+            localPort = localSocket.getLocalPort();
+            localSocket.setSoTimeout(200);
+            outPacket.setPort(localPort);
+            if (applyIn) {
+                mISM.applyTransportModeTransform(
+                        localSocket, IpSecManager.DIRECTION_IN, transform);
+            }
+            if (applyOut) {
+                mISM.applyTransportModeTransform(
+                        localSocket, IpSecManager.DIRECTION_OUT, transform);
+            }
+            if (applyIn == applyOut) {
+                localSocket.send(outPacket);
+                localSocket.receive(inPacket);
+                assertTrue("Encapsulated data did not match.",
+                        Arrays.equals(outPacket.getData(), inPacket.getData()));
+                mISM.removeTransportModeTransforms(localSocket);
+                localSocket.close();
+            } else {
+                try {
+                    localSocket.send(outPacket);
+                    localSocket.receive(inPacket);
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    continue;
+                } finally {
+                    mISM.removeTransportModeTransforms(localSocket);
+                    localSocket.close();
+                }
+                // FIXME: This check is disabled because sockets currently receive data
+                // if there is a valid SA for decryption, even when the input policy is
+                // not applied to a socket.
+                //  fail("Data IO should fail on asymmetrical transforms! + Input="
+                //          + applyIn + " Output=" + applyOut);
+            }
+        }
+        transform.close();
+    }
+
+    /** Snapshot of TrafficStats as of initStatsChecker call for later comparisons */
+    private static class StatsChecker {
+        private static final double ERROR_MARGIN_BYTES = 1.05;
+        private static final double ERROR_MARGIN_PKTS = 1.05;
+        private static final int MAX_WAIT_TIME_MILLIS = 1000;
+
+        private static long uidTxBytes;
+        private static long uidRxBytes;
+        private static long uidTxPackets;
+        private static long uidRxPackets;
+
+        private static long ifaceTxBytes;
+        private static long ifaceRxBytes;
+        private static long ifaceTxPackets;
+        private static long ifaceRxPackets;
+
+        /**
+         * This method counts the number of incoming packets, polling intermittently up to
+         * MAX_WAIT_TIME_MILLIS.
+         */
+        private static void waitForNumPackets(int numPackets) throws Exception {
+            long uidTxDelta = 0;
+            long uidRxDelta = 0;
+            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+                uidTxDelta = TrafficStats.getUidTxPackets(Os.getuid()) - uidTxPackets;
+                uidRxDelta = TrafficStats.getUidRxPackets(Os.getuid()) - uidRxPackets;
+
+                // TODO: Check Rx packets as well once kernel security policy bug is fixed.
+                // (b/70635417)
+                if (uidTxDelta >= numPackets) {
+                    return;
+                }
+                Thread.sleep(MAX_WAIT_TIME_MILLIS / 100);
+            }
+            fail(
+                    "Not enough traffic was recorded to satisfy the provided conditions: wanted "
+                            + numPackets
+                            + ", got "
+                            + uidTxDelta
+                            + " tx and "
+                            + uidRxDelta
+                            + " rx packets");
+        }
+
+        private static void assertUidStatsDelta(
+                int expectedTxByteDelta,
+                int expectedTxPacketDelta,
+                int minRxByteDelta,
+                int maxRxByteDelta,
+                int expectedRxPacketDelta) {
+            long newUidTxBytes = TrafficStats.getUidTxBytes(Os.getuid());
+            long newUidRxBytes = TrafficStats.getUidRxBytes(Os.getuid());
+            long newUidTxPackets = TrafficStats.getUidTxPackets(Os.getuid());
+            long newUidRxPackets = TrafficStats.getUidRxPackets(Os.getuid());
+
+            assertEquals(expectedTxByteDelta, newUidTxBytes - uidTxBytes);
+            assertTrue(
+                    newUidRxBytes - uidRxBytes >= minRxByteDelta
+                            && newUidRxBytes - uidRxBytes <= maxRxByteDelta);
+            assertEquals(expectedTxPacketDelta, newUidTxPackets - uidTxPackets);
+            assertEquals(expectedRxPacketDelta, newUidRxPackets - uidRxPackets);
+        }
+
+        private static void assertIfaceStatsDelta(
+                int expectedTxByteDelta,
+                int expectedTxPacketDelta,
+                int expectedRxByteDelta,
+                int expectedRxPacketDelta)
+                throws IOException {
+            long newIfaceTxBytes = TrafficStats.getLoopbackTxBytes();
+            long newIfaceRxBytes = TrafficStats.getLoopbackRxBytes();
+            long newIfaceTxPackets = TrafficStats.getLoopbackTxPackets();
+            long newIfaceRxPackets = TrafficStats.getLoopbackRxPackets();
+
+            // Check that iface stats are within an acceptable range; data might be sent
+            // on the local interface by other apps.
+            assertApproxEquals("TX bytes", ifaceTxBytes, newIfaceTxBytes, expectedTxByteDelta,
+                    ERROR_MARGIN_BYTES);
+            assertApproxEquals("RX bytes", ifaceRxBytes, newIfaceRxBytes, expectedRxByteDelta,
+                    ERROR_MARGIN_BYTES);
+            assertApproxEquals("TX packets", ifaceTxPackets, newIfaceTxPackets,
+                    expectedTxPacketDelta, ERROR_MARGIN_PKTS);
+            assertApproxEquals("RX packets",  ifaceRxPackets, newIfaceRxPackets,
+                    expectedRxPacketDelta, ERROR_MARGIN_PKTS);
+        }
+
+        private static void assertApproxEquals(
+                String what, long oldStats, long newStats, int expectedDelta, double errorMargin) {
+            assertTrue(
+                    "Expected at least " + expectedDelta + " " + what
+                            + ", got "  + (newStats - oldStats),
+                    newStats - oldStats >= expectedDelta);
+            assertTrue(
+                    "Expected at most " + errorMargin + " * " + expectedDelta + " " + what
+                            + ", got " + (newStats - oldStats),
+                    newStats - oldStats < (expectedDelta * errorMargin));
+        }
+
+        private static void initStatsChecker() throws Exception {
+            uidTxBytes = TrafficStats.getUidTxBytes(Os.getuid());
+            uidRxBytes = TrafficStats.getUidRxBytes(Os.getuid());
+            uidTxPackets = TrafficStats.getUidTxPackets(Os.getuid());
+            uidRxPackets = TrafficStats.getUidRxPackets(Os.getuid());
+
+            ifaceTxBytes = TrafficStats.getLoopbackTxBytes();
+            ifaceRxBytes = TrafficStats.getLoopbackRxBytes();
+            ifaceTxPackets = TrafficStats.getLoopbackTxPackets();
+            ifaceRxPackets = TrafficStats.getLoopbackRxPackets();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int getTruncLenBits(IpSecAlgorithm authOrAead) {
+        return authOrAead == null ? 0 : authOrAead.getTruncationLengthBits();
+    }
+
+    private int getIvLen(IpSecAlgorithm cryptOrAead) {
+        if (cryptOrAead == null) { return 0; }
+
+        switch (cryptOrAead.getName()) {
+            case IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC:
+                return AES_CBC_IV_LEN;
+            case IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CTR:
+                return AES_CTR_IV_LEN;
+            case IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM:
+                return AES_GCM_IV_LEN;
+            case IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_CHACHA20_POLY1305:
+                return CHACHA20_POLY1305_IV_LEN;
+            default:
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                        "IV length unknown for algorithm" + cryptOrAead.getName());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int getBlkSize(IpSecAlgorithm cryptOrAead) {
+        // RFC 4303, section 2.4 states that ciphertext plus pad_len, next_header fields must
+        //     terminate on a 4-byte boundary. Thus, the minimum ciphertext block size is 4 bytes.
+        if (cryptOrAead == null) { return 4; }
+
+        switch (cryptOrAead.getName()) {
+            case IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC:
+                return AES_CBC_BLK_SIZE;
+            case IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CTR:
+                return AES_CTR_BLK_SIZE;
+            case IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM:
+                return AES_GCM_BLK_SIZE;
+            case IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_CHACHA20_POLY1305:
+                return CHACHA20_POLY1305_BLK_SIZE;
+            default:
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                        "Blk size unknown for algorithm" + cryptOrAead.getName());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void checkTransform(
+            int protocol,
+            String localAddress,
+            IpSecAlgorithm crypt,
+            IpSecAlgorithm auth,
+            IpSecAlgorithm aead,
+            boolean doUdpEncap,
+            int sendCount,
+            boolean useJavaSockets)
+            throws Exception {
+        StatsChecker.initStatsChecker();
+        InetAddress local = InetAddress.getByName(localAddress);
+
+        try (IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket encapSocket = mISM.openUdpEncapsulationSocket();
+                IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex spi =
+                        mISM.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(local)) {
+
+            IpSecTransform.Builder transformBuilder =
+                    new IpSecTransform.Builder(InstrumentationRegistry.getContext());
+            if (crypt != null) {
+                transformBuilder.setEncryption(crypt);
+            }
+            if (auth != null) {
+                transformBuilder.setAuthentication(auth);
+            }
+            if (aead != null) {
+                transformBuilder.setAuthenticatedEncryption(aead);
+            }
+
+            if (doUdpEncap) {
+                transformBuilder =
+                        transformBuilder.setIpv4Encapsulation(encapSocket, encapSocket.getPort());
+            }
+
+            int ipHdrLen = local instanceof Inet6Address ? IP6_HDRLEN : IP4_HDRLEN;
+            int transportHdrLen = 0;
+            int udpEncapLen = doUdpEncap ? UDP_HDRLEN : 0;
+
+            try (IpSecTransform transform =
+                        transformBuilder.buildTransportModeTransform(local, spi)) {
+                if (protocol == IPPROTO_TCP) {
+                    transportHdrLen = TCP_HDRLEN_WITH_TIMESTAMP_OPT;
+                    checkTcp(transform, local, sendCount, useJavaSockets);
+                } else if (protocol == IPPROTO_UDP) {
+                    transportHdrLen = UDP_HDRLEN;
+
+                    // TODO: Also check connected udp.
+                    checkUnconnectedUdp(transform, local, sendCount, useJavaSockets);
+                } else {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid protocol");
+                }
+            }
+
+            checkStatsChecker(
+                    protocol,
+                    ipHdrLen,
+                    transportHdrLen,
+                    udpEncapLen,
+                    sendCount,
+                    getIvLen(crypt != null ? crypt : aead),
+                    getBlkSize(crypt != null ? crypt : aead),
+                    getTruncLenBits(auth != null ? auth : aead));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void checkStatsChecker(
+            int protocol,
+            int ipHdrLen,
+            int transportHdrLen,
+            int udpEncapLen,
+            int sendCount,
+            int ivLen,
+            int blkSize,
+            int truncLenBits)
+            throws Exception {
+        int innerPacketSize = TEST_DATA.length + transportHdrLen + ipHdrLen;
+        int outerPacketSize =
+                PacketUtils.calculateEspPacketSize(
+                                TEST_DATA.length + transportHdrLen, ivLen, blkSize, truncLenBits)
+                        + udpEncapLen
+                        + ipHdrLen;
+
+        int expectedOuterBytes = outerPacketSize * sendCount;
+        int expectedInnerBytes = innerPacketSize * sendCount;
+        int expectedPackets = sendCount;
+
+        // Each run sends two packets, one in each direction.
+        sendCount *= 2;
+        expectedOuterBytes *= 2;
+        expectedInnerBytes *= 2;
+        expectedPackets *= 2;
+
+        // Add TCP ACKs for data packets
+        if (protocol == IPPROTO_TCP) {
+            int encryptedTcpPktSize =
+                    PacketUtils.calculateEspPacketSize(
+                            TCP_HDRLEN_WITH_TIMESTAMP_OPT, ivLen, blkSize, truncLenBits);
+
+            // Add data packet ACKs
+            expectedOuterBytes += (encryptedTcpPktSize + udpEncapLen + ipHdrLen) * (sendCount);
+            expectedInnerBytes += (TCP_HDRLEN_WITH_TIMESTAMP_OPT + ipHdrLen) * (sendCount);
+            expectedPackets += sendCount;
+        }
+
+        StatsChecker.waitForNumPackets(expectedPackets);
+
+        // eBPF only counts inner packets, whereas xt_qtaguid counts outer packets. Allow both
+        StatsChecker.assertUidStatsDelta(
+                expectedOuterBytes,
+                expectedPackets,
+                expectedInnerBytes,
+                expectedOuterBytes,
+                expectedPackets);
+
+        // Unreliable at low numbers due to potential interference from other processes.
+        if (sendCount >= 1000) {
+            StatsChecker.assertIfaceStatsDelta(
+                    expectedOuterBytes, expectedPackets, expectedOuterBytes, expectedPackets);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void checkIkePacket(
+            NativeUdpSocket wrappedEncapSocket, InetAddress localAddr) throws Exception {
+        StatsChecker.initStatsChecker();
+
+        try (NativeUdpSocket remoteSocket = new NativeUdpSocket(getBoundUdpSocket(localAddr))) {
+
+            // Append IKE/ESP header - 4 bytes of SPI, 4 bytes of seq number, all zeroed out
+            // If the first four bytes are zero, assume non-ESP (IKE traffic)
+            byte[] dataWithEspHeader = new byte[TEST_DATA.length + 8];
+            System.arraycopy(TEST_DATA, 0, dataWithEspHeader, 8, TEST_DATA.length);
+
+            // Send the IKE packet from remoteSocket to wrappedEncapSocket. Since IKE packets
+            // are multiplexed over the socket, we expect them to appear on the encap socket
+            // (as opposed to being decrypted and received on the non-encap socket)
+            remoteSocket.sendTo(dataWithEspHeader, localAddr, wrappedEncapSocket.getPort());
+            byte[] in = wrappedEncapSocket.receive();
+            assertArrayEquals("Encapsulated data did not match.", dataWithEspHeader, in);
+
+            // Also test that the IKE socket can send data out.
+            wrappedEncapSocket.sendTo(dataWithEspHeader, localAddr, remoteSocket.getPort());
+            in = remoteSocket.receive();
+            assertArrayEquals("Encapsulated data did not match.", dataWithEspHeader, in);
+
+            // Calculate expected packet sizes. Always use IPv4 header, since our kernels only
+            // guarantee support of UDP encap on IPv4.
+            int expectedNumPkts = 2;
+            int expectedPacketSize =
+                    expectedNumPkts * (dataWithEspHeader.length + UDP_HDRLEN + IP4_HDRLEN);
+
+            StatsChecker.waitForNumPackets(expectedNumPkts);
+            StatsChecker.assertUidStatsDelta(
+                    expectedPacketSize,
+                    expectedNumPkts,
+                    expectedPacketSize,
+                    expectedPacketSize,
+                    expectedNumPkts);
+            StatsChecker.assertIfaceStatsDelta(
+                    expectedPacketSize, expectedNumPkts, expectedPacketSize, expectedNumPkts);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIkeOverUdpEncapSocket() throws Exception {
+        // IPv6 not supported for UDP-encap-ESP
+        InetAddress local = InetAddress.getByName(IPV4_LOOPBACK);
+        try (IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket encapSocket = mISM.openUdpEncapsulationSocket()) {
+            NativeUdpSocket wrappedEncapSocket =
+                    new NativeUdpSocket(encapSocket.getFileDescriptor());
+            checkIkePacket(wrappedEncapSocket, local);
+
+            // Now try with a transform applied to a socket using this Encap socket
+            IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+            IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_MD5, getKey(128), 96);
+
+            try (IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex spi =
+                            mISM.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(local);
+                    IpSecTransform transform =
+                            new IpSecTransform.Builder(InstrumentationRegistry.getContext())
+                                    .setEncryption(crypt)
+                                    .setAuthentication(auth)
+                                    .setIpv4Encapsulation(encapSocket, encapSocket.getPort())
+                                    .buildTransportModeTransform(local, spi);
+                    JavaUdpSocket localSocket = new JavaUdpSocket(local)) {
+                applyTransformBidirectionally(mISM, transform, localSocket);
+
+                checkIkePacket(wrappedEncapSocket, local);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Check IKE over ESP sockets (IPv4, IPv6) - does this need SOCK_RAW?
+
+    /* TODO: Re-enable these when policy matcher works for reflected packets
+     *
+     * The issue here is that A sends to B, and everything is new; therefore PREROUTING counts
+     * correctly. But it appears that the security path is not cleared afterwards, thus when A
+     * sends an ACK back to B, the policy matcher flags it as a "IPSec" packet. See b/70635417
+     */
+
+    // public void testInterfaceCountersTcp4() throws Exception {
+    //     IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+    //     IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(
+    //             IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_MD5, getKey(128), 96);
+    //     checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, false, 1000);
+    // }
+
+    // public void testInterfaceCountersTcp6() throws Exception {
+    //     IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+    //     IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(
+    //             IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_MD5, getKey(128), 96);
+    //     checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, false, 1000);
+    // }
+
+    // public void testInterfaceCountersTcp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+    //     IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+    //     IpSecAlgorithm auth =
+    //             new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_MD5, getKey(128), 96);
+    //     checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, true, 1000);
+    // }
+
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    @Test
+    public void testGetSupportedAlgorithms() throws Exception {
+        final Map<String, Integer> algoToRequiredMinSdk = new HashMap<>();
+        algoToRequiredMinSdk.put(CRYPT_AES_CBC, Build.VERSION_CODES.P);
+        algoToRequiredMinSdk.put(AUTH_HMAC_MD5, Build.VERSION_CODES.P);
+        algoToRequiredMinSdk.put(AUTH_HMAC_SHA1, Build.VERSION_CODES.P);
+        algoToRequiredMinSdk.put(AUTH_HMAC_SHA256, Build.VERSION_CODES.P);
+        algoToRequiredMinSdk.put(AUTH_HMAC_SHA384, Build.VERSION_CODES.P);
+        algoToRequiredMinSdk.put(AUTH_HMAC_SHA512, Build.VERSION_CODES.P);
+        algoToRequiredMinSdk.put(AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, Build.VERSION_CODES.P);
+
+        algoToRequiredMinSdk.put(CRYPT_AES_CTR, Build.VERSION_CODES.S);
+        algoToRequiredMinSdk.put(AUTH_AES_CMAC, Build.VERSION_CODES.S);
+        algoToRequiredMinSdk.put(AUTH_AES_XCBC, Build.VERSION_CODES.S);
+        algoToRequiredMinSdk.put(AUTH_CRYPT_CHACHA20_POLY1305, Build.VERSION_CODES.S);
+
+        final Set<String> supportedAlgos = IpSecAlgorithm.getSupportedAlgorithms();
+
+        // Verify all supported algorithms are valid
+        for (String algo : supportedAlgos) {
+            assertTrue("Found invalid algo " + algo, algoToRequiredMinSdk.keySet().contains(algo));
+        }
+
+        // Verify all mandatory algorithms are supported
+        for (Entry<String, Integer> entry : algoToRequiredMinSdk.entrySet()) {
+            if (Math.min(getFirstApiLevel(), getVendorApiLevel()) >= entry.getValue()) {
+                assertTrue(
+                        "Fail to support " + entry.getKey(),
+                        supportedAlgos.contains(entry.getKey()));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInterfaceCountersUdp4() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_MD5, getKey(128), 96);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1000, false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInterfaceCountersUdp6() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_MD5, getKey(128), 96);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1000, false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInterfaceCountersUdp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_MD5, getKey(128), 96);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1000, false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcHmacMd5Tcp4() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_MD5, getKey(128), 96);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcHmacMd5Tcp6() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_MD5, getKey(128), 96);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcHmacMd5Udp4() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_MD5, getKey(128), 96);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcHmacMd5Udp6() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_MD5, getKey(128), 96);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcHmacSha1Tcp4() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA1, getKey(160), 96);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcHmacSha1Tcp6() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA1, getKey(160), 96);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcHmacSha1Udp4() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA1, getKey(160), 96);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcHmacSha1Udp6() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA1, getKey(160), 96);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcHmacSha256Tcp4() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA256, getKey(256), 128);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcHmacSha256Tcp6() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA256, getKey(256), 128);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcHmacSha256Udp4() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA256, getKey(256), 128);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcHmacSha256Udp6() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA256, getKey(256), 128);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcHmacSha384Tcp4() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA384, getKey(384), 192);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcHmacSha384Tcp6() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA384, getKey(384), 192);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcHmacSha384Udp4() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA384, getKey(384), 192);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcHmacSha384Udp6() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA384, getKey(384), 192);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcHmacSha512Tcp4() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA512, getKey(512), 256);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcHmacSha512Tcp6() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA512, getKey(512), 256);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcHmacSha512Udp4() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA512, getKey(512), 256);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcHmacSha512Udp6() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA512, getKey(512), 256);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    private static IpSecAlgorithm buildCryptAesCtr() throws Exception {
+        return new IpSecAlgorithm(CRYPT_AES_CTR, getKeyBytes(AES_CTR_KEY_LEN_20));
+    }
+
+    private static IpSecAlgorithm buildAuthHmacSha512() throws Exception {
+        return new IpSecAlgorithm(
+                AUTH_HMAC_SHA512, getKeyBytes(HMAC_SHA512_KEY_LEN), HMAC_SHA512_ICV_LEN * 8);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCtrHmacSha512Tcp4() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(CRYPT_AES_CTR));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm crypt = buildCryptAesCtr();
+        final IpSecAlgorithm auth = buildAuthHmacSha512();
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCtrHmacSha512Tcp6() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(CRYPT_AES_CTR));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm crypt = buildCryptAesCtr();
+        final IpSecAlgorithm auth = buildAuthHmacSha512();
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCtrHmacSha512Udp4() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(CRYPT_AES_CTR));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm crypt = buildCryptAesCtr();
+        final IpSecAlgorithm auth = buildAuthHmacSha512();
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCtrHmacSha512Udp6() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(CRYPT_AES_CTR));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm crypt = buildCryptAesCtr();
+        final IpSecAlgorithm auth = buildAuthHmacSha512();
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    private static IpSecAlgorithm buildCryptAesCbc() throws Exception {
+        return new IpSecAlgorithm(CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+    }
+
+    private static IpSecAlgorithm buildAuthAesXcbc() throws Exception {
+        return new IpSecAlgorithm(
+                AUTH_AES_XCBC, getKeyBytes(AES_XCBC_KEY_LEN), AES_XCBC_ICV_LEN * 8);
+    }
+
+    private static IpSecAlgorithm buildAuthAesCmac() throws Exception {
+        return new IpSecAlgorithm(
+                AUTH_AES_CMAC, getKeyBytes(AES_CMAC_KEY_LEN), AES_CMAC_ICV_LEN * 8);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcAesXCbcTcp4() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_AES_XCBC));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm crypt = buildCryptAesCbc();
+        final IpSecAlgorithm auth = buildAuthAesXcbc();
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcAesXCbcTcp6() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_AES_XCBC));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm crypt = buildCryptAesCbc();
+        final IpSecAlgorithm auth = buildAuthAesXcbc();
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcAesXCbcUdp4() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_AES_XCBC));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm crypt = buildCryptAesCbc();
+        final IpSecAlgorithm auth = buildAuthAesXcbc();
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcAesXCbcUdp6() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_AES_XCBC));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm crypt = buildCryptAesCbc();
+        final IpSecAlgorithm auth = buildAuthAesXcbc();
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcAesCmacTcp4() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_AES_CMAC));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm crypt = buildCryptAesCbc();
+        final IpSecAlgorithm auth = buildAuthAesCmac();
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcAesCmacTcp6() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_AES_CMAC));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm crypt = buildCryptAesCbc();
+        final IpSecAlgorithm auth = buildAuthAesCmac();
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcAesCmacUdp4() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_AES_CMAC));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm crypt = buildCryptAesCbc();
+        final IpSecAlgorithm auth = buildAuthAesCmac();
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcAesCmacUdp6() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_AES_CMAC));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm crypt = buildCryptAesCbc();
+        final IpSecAlgorithm auth = buildAuthAesCmac();
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesGcm64Tcp4() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt =
+                new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, AEAD_KEY, 64);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesGcm64Tcp6() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt =
+                new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, AEAD_KEY, 64);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesGcm64Udp4() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt =
+                new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, AEAD_KEY, 64);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesGcm64Udp6() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt =
+                new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, AEAD_KEY, 64);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesGcm96Tcp4() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt =
+                new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, AEAD_KEY, 96);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesGcm96Tcp6() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt =
+                new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, AEAD_KEY, 96);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesGcm96Udp4() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt =
+                new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, AEAD_KEY, 96);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesGcm96Udp6() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt =
+                new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, AEAD_KEY, 96);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesGcm128Tcp4() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt =
+                new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, AEAD_KEY, 128);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesGcm128Tcp6() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt =
+                new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, AEAD_KEY, 128);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesGcm128Udp4() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt =
+                new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, AEAD_KEY, 128);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesGcm128Udp6() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt =
+                new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, AEAD_KEY, 128);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    private static IpSecAlgorithm buildAuthCryptChaCha20Poly1305() throws Exception {
+        return new IpSecAlgorithm(
+                AUTH_CRYPT_CHACHA20_POLY1305, AEAD_KEY, CHACHA20_POLY1305_ICV_LEN * 8);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testChaCha20Poly1305Tcp4() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_CRYPT_CHACHA20_POLY1305));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt = buildAuthCryptChaCha20Poly1305();
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testChaCha20Poly1305Tcp6() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_CRYPT_CHACHA20_POLY1305));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt = buildAuthCryptChaCha20Poly1305();
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testChaCha20Poly1305Udp4() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_CRYPT_CHACHA20_POLY1305));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt = buildAuthCryptChaCha20Poly1305();
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testChaCha20Poly1305Udp6() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_CRYPT_CHACHA20_POLY1305));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt = buildAuthCryptChaCha20Poly1305();
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcHmacMd5Tcp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_MD5, getKey(128), 96);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcHmacMd5Udp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_MD5, getKey(128), 96);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcHmacSha1Tcp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA1, getKey(160), 96);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcHmacSha1Udp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA1, getKey(160), 96);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcHmacSha256Tcp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA256, getKey(256), 128);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcHmacSha256Udp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA256, getKey(256), 128);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcHmacSha384Tcp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA384, getKey(384), 192);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcHmacSha384Udp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA384, getKey(384), 192);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcHmacSha512Tcp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA512, getKey(512), 256);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcHmacSha512Udp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA512, getKey(512), 256);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCtrHmacSha512Tcp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(CRYPT_AES_CTR));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm crypt = buildCryptAesCtr();
+        final IpSecAlgorithm auth = buildAuthHmacSha512();
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCtrHmacSha512Udp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(CRYPT_AES_CTR));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm crypt = buildCryptAesCtr();
+        final IpSecAlgorithm auth = buildAuthHmacSha512();
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcAesXCbcTcp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_AES_XCBC));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        final IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_AES_XCBC, getKey(128), 96);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcAesXCbcUdp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_AES_XCBC));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        final IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_AES_XCBC, getKey(128), 96);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcAesCmacTcp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_AES_CMAC));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        final IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_AES_CMAC, getKey(128), 96);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcAesCmacUdp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_AES_CMAC));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        final IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_AES_CMAC, getKey(128), 96);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesGcm64Tcp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt =
+                new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, AEAD_KEY, 64);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, true, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, true, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesGcm64Udp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt =
+                new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, AEAD_KEY, 64);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, true, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, true, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesGcm96Tcp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt =
+                new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, AEAD_KEY, 96);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, true, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, true, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesGcm96Udp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt =
+                new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, AEAD_KEY, 96);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, true, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, true, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesGcm128Tcp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt =
+                new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, AEAD_KEY, 128);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, true, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, true, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesGcm128Udp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt =
+                new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, AEAD_KEY, 128);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, true, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, true, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testChaCha20Poly1305Tcp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_CRYPT_CHACHA20_POLY1305));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt = buildAuthCryptChaCha20Poly1305();
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, true, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, true, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testChaCha20Poly1305Udp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_CRYPT_CHACHA20_POLY1305));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt = buildAuthCryptChaCha20Poly1305();
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, true, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, true, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCryptUdp4() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, null, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, null, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAuthUdp4() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA256, getKey(256), 128);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCryptUdp6() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, null, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, null, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAuthUdp6() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA256, getKey(256), 128);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, null, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, null, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCryptTcp4() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, null, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, null, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAuthTcp4() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA256, getKey(256), 128);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCryptTcp6() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, null, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, null, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAuthTcp6() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA256, getKey(256), 128);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, null, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, null, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCryptUdp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, null, null, true, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, null, null, true, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAuthUdp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA256, getKey(256), 128);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, auth, null, true, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, auth, null, true, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCryptTcp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, null, null, true, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, null, null, true, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAuthTcp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA256, getKey(256), 128);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, auth, null, true, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, auth, null, true, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOpenUdpEncapSocketSpecificPort() throws Exception {
+        IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket encapSocket = null;
+        int port = -1;
+        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_PORT_BIND_ATTEMPTS; i++) {
+            try {
+                port = findUnusedPort();
+                encapSocket = mISM.openUdpEncapsulationSocket(port);
+                break;
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                if (e.errno == OsConstants.EADDRINUSE) {
+                    // Someone claimed the port since we called findUnusedPort.
+                    continue;
+                }
+                throw e;
+            } finally {
+                if (encapSocket != null) {
+                    encapSocket.close();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (encapSocket == null) {
+            fail("Failed " + MAX_PORT_BIND_ATTEMPTS + " attempts to bind to a port");
+        }
+
+        assertTrue("Returned invalid port", encapSocket.getPort() == port);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOpenUdpEncapSocketRandomPort() throws Exception {
+        try (IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket encapSocket = mISM.openUdpEncapsulationSocket()) {
+            assertTrue("Returned invalid port", encapSocket.getPort() != 0);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecManagerTunnelTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecManagerTunnelTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a9a3380
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecManagerTunnelTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1226 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import static android.app.AppOpsManager.OP_MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS;
+import static android.net.IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_CBC_BLK_SIZE;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_CBC_IV_LEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.BytePayload;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.EspHeader;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.IP4_HDRLEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.IP6_HDRLEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.IpHeader;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.UDP_HDRLEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.UdpHeader;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.getIpHeader;
+import static android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils.TestNetworkCallback;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET6;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.IpSecAlgorithm;
+import android.net.IpSecManager;
+import android.net.IpSecManager.IpSecTunnelInterface;
+import android.net.IpSecTransform;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.TestNetworkInterface;
+import android.net.TestNetworkManager;
+import android.net.cts.PacketUtils.Payload;
+import android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
+
+import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+
+import org.junit.AfterClass;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.NetworkInterface;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@AppModeFull(reason = "MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS permission can't be granted to instant apps")
+public class IpSecManagerTunnelTest extends IpSecBaseTest {
+    @Rule public final DevSdkIgnoreRule ignoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
+
+    private static final String TAG = IpSecManagerTunnelTest.class.getSimpleName();
+
+    private static final InetAddress LOCAL_OUTER_4 = InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.1");
+    private static final InetAddress REMOTE_OUTER_4 = InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.2");
+    private static final InetAddress LOCAL_OUTER_6 =
+            InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8:1::1");
+    private static final InetAddress REMOTE_OUTER_6 =
+            InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8:1::2");
+
+    private static final InetAddress LOCAL_OUTER_4_NEW =
+            InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.101");
+    private static final InetAddress REMOTE_OUTER_4_NEW =
+            InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.102");
+    private static final InetAddress LOCAL_OUTER_6_NEW =
+            InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8:1::101");
+    private static final InetAddress REMOTE_OUTER_6_NEW =
+            InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8:1::102");
+
+    private static final InetAddress LOCAL_INNER_4 =
+            InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("198.51.100.1");
+    private static final InetAddress REMOTE_INNER_4 =
+            InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("198.51.100.2");
+    private static final InetAddress LOCAL_INNER_6 =
+            InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8:2::1");
+    private static final InetAddress REMOTE_INNER_6 =
+            InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8:2::2");
+
+    private static final int IP4_PREFIX_LEN = 32;
+    private static final int IP6_PREFIX_LEN = 128;
+
+    private static final int TIMEOUT_MS = 500;
+
+    // Static state to reduce setup/teardown
+    private static ConnectivityManager sCM;
+    private static TestNetworkManager sTNM;
+
+    private static TunNetworkWrapper sTunWrapper;
+    private static TunNetworkWrapper sTunWrapperNew;
+
+    private static Context sContext = InstrumentationRegistry.getContext();
+    private static final CtsNetUtils mCtsNetUtils = new CtsNetUtils(sContext);
+
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void setUpBeforeClass() throws Exception {
+        InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation()
+                .getUiAutomation()
+                .adoptShellPermissionIdentity();
+        sCM = (ConnectivityManager) sContext.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
+        sTNM = (TestNetworkManager) sContext.getSystemService(Context.TEST_NETWORK_SERVICE);
+
+        // Under normal circumstances, the MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS appop would be auto-granted, and
+        // a standard permission is insufficient. So we shell out the appop, to give us the
+        // right appop permissions.
+        mCtsNetUtils.setAppopPrivileged(OP_MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS, true);
+
+        sTunWrapper = new TunNetworkWrapper(LOCAL_OUTER_4, LOCAL_OUTER_6);
+        sTunWrapperNew = new TunNetworkWrapper(LOCAL_OUTER_4_NEW, LOCAL_OUTER_6_NEW);
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    @Override
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+
+        // Set to true before every run; some tests flip this.
+        mCtsNetUtils.setAppopPrivileged(OP_MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS, true);
+
+        // Clear TunUtils state
+        sTunWrapper.utils.reset();
+        sTunWrapperNew.utils.reset();
+    }
+
+    private static void tearDownTunWrapperIfNotNull(TunNetworkWrapper tunWrapper) throws Exception {
+        if (tunWrapper != null) {
+            tunWrapper.tearDown();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @AfterClass
+    public static void tearDownAfterClass() throws Exception {
+        mCtsNetUtils.setAppopPrivileged(OP_MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS, false);
+
+        tearDownTunWrapperIfNotNull(sTunWrapper);
+        tearDownTunWrapperIfNotNull(sTunWrapperNew);
+
+        InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation()
+                .getUiAutomation()
+                .dropShellPermissionIdentity();
+    }
+
+    private static class TunNetworkWrapper {
+        public final ParcelFileDescriptor fd;
+        public final TestNetworkCallback networkCallback;
+        public final Network network;
+        public final TunUtils utils;
+
+        TunNetworkWrapper(InetAddress... addresses) throws Exception {
+            final LinkAddress[] linkAddresses = new LinkAddress[addresses.length];
+            for (int i = 0; i < linkAddresses.length; i++) {
+                InetAddress addr = addresses[i];
+                if (addr instanceof Inet4Address) {
+                    linkAddresses[i] = new LinkAddress(addr, IP4_PREFIX_LEN);
+                } else {
+                    linkAddresses[i] = new LinkAddress(addr, IP6_PREFIX_LEN);
+                }
+            }
+
+            try {
+                final TestNetworkInterface testIface = sTNM.createTunInterface(linkAddresses);
+
+                fd = testIface.getFileDescriptor();
+                networkCallback = mCtsNetUtils.setupAndGetTestNetwork(testIface.getInterfaceName());
+                networkCallback.waitForAvailable();
+                network = networkCallback.currentNetwork;
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                tearDown();
+                throw e;
+            }
+
+            utils = new TunUtils(fd);
+        }
+
+        public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+            if (networkCallback != null) {
+                sCM.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
+            }
+
+            if (network != null) {
+                sTNM.teardownTestNetwork(network);
+            }
+
+            if (fd != null) {
+                fd.close();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSecurityExceptionCreateTunnelInterfaceWithoutAppop() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+
+        // Ensure we don't have the appop. Permission is not requested in the Manifest
+        mCtsNetUtils.setAppopPrivileged(OP_MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS, false);
+
+        // Security exceptions are thrown regardless of IPv4/IPv6. Just test one
+        try {
+            mISM.createIpSecTunnelInterface(LOCAL_INNER_6, REMOTE_INNER_6, sTunWrapper.network);
+            fail("Did not throw SecurityException for Tunnel creation without appop");
+        } catch (SecurityException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSecurityExceptionBuildTunnelTransformWithoutAppop() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+
+        // Ensure we don't have the appop. Permission is not requested in the Manifest
+        mCtsNetUtils.setAppopPrivileged(OP_MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS, false);
+
+        // Security exceptions are thrown regardless of IPv4/IPv6. Just test one
+        try (IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex spi =
+                        mISM.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(LOCAL_INNER_4);
+                IpSecTransform transform =
+                        new IpSecTransform.Builder(sContext)
+                                .buildTunnelModeTransform(REMOTE_INNER_4, spi)) {
+            fail("Did not throw SecurityException for Transform creation without appop");
+        } catch (SecurityException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Test runnables for callbacks after IPsec tunnels are set up. */
+    private abstract class IpSecTunnelTestRunnable {
+        /**
+         * Runs the test code, and returns the inner socket port, if any.
+         *
+         * @param ipsecNetwork The IPsec Interface based Network for binding sockets on
+         * @param tunnelIface The IPsec tunnel interface that will be tested
+         * @param underlyingTunUtils The utility of the IPsec tunnel interface's underlying TUN
+         *     network
+         * @return the integer port of the inner socket if outbound, or 0 if inbound
+         *     IpSecTunnelTestRunnable
+         * @throws Exception if any part of the test failed.
+         */
+        public abstract int run(
+                Network ipsecNetwork, IpSecTunnelInterface tunnelIface, TunUtils underlyingTunUtils)
+                throws Exception;
+    }
+
+    private int getPacketSize(
+            int innerFamily, int outerFamily, boolean useEncap, boolean transportInTunnelMode) {
+        int expectedPacketSize = TEST_DATA.length + UDP_HDRLEN;
+
+        // Inner Transport mode packet size
+        if (transportInTunnelMode) {
+            expectedPacketSize =
+                    PacketUtils.calculateEspPacketSize(
+                            expectedPacketSize,
+                            AES_CBC_IV_LEN,
+                            AES_CBC_BLK_SIZE,
+                            AUTH_KEY.length * 4);
+        }
+
+        // Inner IP Header
+        expectedPacketSize += innerFamily == AF_INET ? IP4_HDRLEN : IP6_HDRLEN;
+
+        // Tunnel mode transform size
+        expectedPacketSize =
+                PacketUtils.calculateEspPacketSize(
+                        expectedPacketSize, AES_CBC_IV_LEN, AES_CBC_BLK_SIZE, AUTH_KEY.length * 4);
+
+        // UDP encap size
+        expectedPacketSize += useEncap ? UDP_HDRLEN : 0;
+
+        // Outer IP Header
+        expectedPacketSize += outerFamily == AF_INET ? IP4_HDRLEN : IP6_HDRLEN;
+
+        return expectedPacketSize;
+    }
+
+    private interface IpSecTunnelTestRunnableFactory {
+        IpSecTunnelTestRunnable getIpSecTunnelTestRunnable(
+                boolean transportInTunnelMode,
+                int spi,
+                InetAddress localInner,
+                InetAddress remoteInner,
+                InetAddress localOuter,
+                InetAddress remoteOuter,
+                IpSecTransform inTransportTransform,
+                IpSecTransform outTransportTransform,
+                int encapPort,
+                int innerSocketPort,
+                int expectedPacketSize)
+                throws Exception;
+    }
+
+    private class OutputIpSecTunnelTestRunnableFactory implements IpSecTunnelTestRunnableFactory {
+        public IpSecTunnelTestRunnable getIpSecTunnelTestRunnable(
+                boolean transportInTunnelMode,
+                int spi,
+                InetAddress localInner,
+                InetAddress remoteInner,
+                InetAddress localOuter,
+                InetAddress remoteOuter,
+                IpSecTransform inTransportTransform,
+                IpSecTransform outTransportTransform,
+                int encapPort,
+                int unusedInnerSocketPort,
+                int expectedPacketSize) {
+            return new IpSecTunnelTestRunnable() {
+                @Override
+                public int run(
+                        Network ipsecNetwork, IpSecTunnelInterface tunnelIface, TunUtils tunUtils)
+                        throws Exception {
+                    // Build a socket and send traffic
+                    JavaUdpSocket socket = new JavaUdpSocket(localInner);
+                    ipsecNetwork.bindSocket(socket.mSocket);
+                    int innerSocketPort = socket.getPort();
+
+                    // For Transport-In-Tunnel mode, apply transform to socket
+                    if (transportInTunnelMode) {
+                        mISM.applyTransportModeTransform(
+                                socket.mSocket, IpSecManager.DIRECTION_IN, inTransportTransform);
+                        mISM.applyTransportModeTransform(
+                                socket.mSocket, IpSecManager.DIRECTION_OUT, outTransportTransform);
+                    }
+
+                    socket.sendTo(TEST_DATA, remoteInner, socket.getPort());
+
+                    // Verify that an encrypted packet is sent. As of right now, checking encrypted
+                    // body is not possible, due to the test not knowing some of the fields of the
+                    // inner IP header (flow label, flags, etc)
+                    tunUtils.awaitEspPacketNoPlaintext(
+                            spi, TEST_DATA, encapPort != 0, expectedPacketSize);
+
+                    socket.close();
+
+                    return innerSocketPort;
+                }
+            };
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class InputReflectedIpSecTunnelTestRunnableFactory
+            implements IpSecTunnelTestRunnableFactory {
+        public IpSecTunnelTestRunnable getIpSecTunnelTestRunnable(
+                boolean transportInTunnelMode,
+                int spi,
+                InetAddress localInner,
+                InetAddress remoteInner,
+                InetAddress localOuter,
+                InetAddress remoteOuter,
+                IpSecTransform inTransportTransform,
+                IpSecTransform outTransportTransform,
+                int encapPort,
+                int innerSocketPort,
+                int expectedPacketSize)
+                throws Exception {
+            return new IpSecTunnelTestRunnable() {
+                @Override
+                public int run(
+                        Network ipsecNetwork, IpSecTunnelInterface tunnelIface, TunUtils tunUtils)
+                        throws Exception {
+                    // Build a socket and receive traffic
+                    JavaUdpSocket socket = new JavaUdpSocket(localInner, innerSocketPort);
+                    ipsecNetwork.bindSocket(socket.mSocket);
+
+                    // For Transport-In-Tunnel mode, apply transform to socket
+                    if (transportInTunnelMode) {
+                        mISM.applyTransportModeTransform(
+                                socket.mSocket, IpSecManager.DIRECTION_IN, outTransportTransform);
+                        mISM.applyTransportModeTransform(
+                                socket.mSocket, IpSecManager.DIRECTION_OUT, inTransportTransform);
+                    }
+
+                    tunUtils.reflectPackets();
+
+                    // Receive packet from socket, and validate that the payload is correct
+                    receiveAndValidatePacket(socket);
+
+                    socket.close();
+
+                    return 0;
+                }
+            };
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class InputPacketGeneratorIpSecTunnelTestRunnableFactory
+            implements IpSecTunnelTestRunnableFactory {
+        public IpSecTunnelTestRunnable getIpSecTunnelTestRunnable(
+                boolean transportInTunnelMode,
+                int spi,
+                InetAddress localInner,
+                InetAddress remoteInner,
+                InetAddress localOuter,
+                InetAddress remoteOuter,
+                IpSecTransform inTransportTransform,
+                IpSecTransform outTransportTransform,
+                int encapPort,
+                int innerSocketPort,
+                int expectedPacketSize)
+                throws Exception {
+            return new IpSecTunnelTestRunnable() {
+                @Override
+                public int run(
+                        Network ipsecNetwork, IpSecTunnelInterface tunnelIface, TunUtils tunUtils)
+                        throws Exception {
+                    // Build a socket and receive traffic
+                    JavaUdpSocket socket = new JavaUdpSocket(localInner);
+                    ipsecNetwork.bindSocket(socket.mSocket);
+
+                    // For Transport-In-Tunnel mode, apply transform to socket
+                    if (transportInTunnelMode) {
+                        mISM.applyTransportModeTransform(
+                                socket.mSocket, IpSecManager.DIRECTION_IN, outTransportTransform);
+                        mISM.applyTransportModeTransform(
+                                socket.mSocket, IpSecManager.DIRECTION_OUT, inTransportTransform);
+                    }
+
+                    byte[] pkt;
+                    if (transportInTunnelMode) {
+                        pkt =
+                                getTransportInTunnelModePacket(
+                                        spi,
+                                        spi,
+                                        remoteInner,
+                                        localInner,
+                                        remoteOuter,
+                                        localOuter,
+                                        socket.getPort(),
+                                        encapPort);
+                    } else {
+                        pkt =
+                                getTunnelModePacket(
+                                        spi,
+                                        remoteInner,
+                                        localInner,
+                                        remoteOuter,
+                                        localOuter,
+                                        socket.getPort(),
+                                        encapPort);
+                    }
+                    tunUtils.injectPacket(pkt);
+
+                    // Receive packet from socket, and validate
+                    receiveAndValidatePacket(socket);
+
+                    socket.close();
+
+                    return 0;
+                }
+            };
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class MigrateIpSecTunnelTestRunnableFactory implements IpSecTunnelTestRunnableFactory {
+        private final IpSecTunnelTestRunnableFactory mTestRunnableFactory;
+
+        MigrateIpSecTunnelTestRunnableFactory(boolean isOutputTest) {
+            if (isOutputTest) {
+                mTestRunnableFactory = new OutputIpSecTunnelTestRunnableFactory();
+            } else {
+                mTestRunnableFactory = new InputPacketGeneratorIpSecTunnelTestRunnableFactory();
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public IpSecTunnelTestRunnable getIpSecTunnelTestRunnable(
+                boolean transportInTunnelMode,
+                int spi,
+                InetAddress localInner,
+                InetAddress remoteInner,
+                InetAddress localOuter,
+                InetAddress remoteOuter,
+                IpSecTransform inTransportTransform,
+                IpSecTransform outTransportTransform,
+                int encapPort,
+                int unusedInnerSocketPort,
+                int expectedPacketSize) {
+            return new IpSecTunnelTestRunnable() {
+                @Override
+                public int run(
+                        Network ipsecNetwork, IpSecTunnelInterface tunnelIface, TunUtils tunUtils)
+                        throws Exception {
+                    mTestRunnableFactory
+                            .getIpSecTunnelTestRunnable(
+                                    transportInTunnelMode,
+                                    spi,
+                                    localInner,
+                                    remoteInner,
+                                    localOuter,
+                                    remoteOuter,
+                                    inTransportTransform,
+                                    outTransportTransform,
+                                    encapPort,
+                                    unusedInnerSocketPort,
+                                    expectedPacketSize)
+                            .run(ipsecNetwork, tunnelIface, sTunWrapper.utils);
+
+                    tunnelIface.setUnderlyingNetwork(sTunWrapperNew.network);
+
+                    // Verify migrating to IPv4 and IPv6 addresses. It ensures that not only
+                    // can IPsec tunnel migrate across interfaces, IPsec tunnel can also migrate to
+                    // a different address on the same interface.
+                    checkMigratedTunnel(
+                            localInner,
+                            remoteInner,
+                            LOCAL_OUTER_4_NEW,
+                            REMOTE_OUTER_4_NEW,
+                            encapPort != 0,
+                            transportInTunnelMode,
+                            sTunWrapperNew.utils,
+                            tunnelIface,
+                            ipsecNetwork);
+                    checkMigratedTunnel(
+                            localInner,
+                            remoteInner,
+                            LOCAL_OUTER_6_NEW,
+                            REMOTE_OUTER_6_NEW,
+                            false, // IPv6 does not support UDP encapsulation
+                            transportInTunnelMode,
+                            sTunWrapperNew.utils,
+                            tunnelIface,
+                            ipsecNetwork);
+
+                    return 0;
+                }
+            };
+        }
+
+        private void checkMigratedTunnel(
+                InetAddress localInner,
+                InetAddress remoteInner,
+                InetAddress localOuter,
+                InetAddress remoteOuter,
+                boolean useEncap,
+                boolean transportInTunnelMode,
+                TunUtils tunUtils,
+                IpSecTunnelInterface tunnelIface,
+                Network ipsecNetwork)
+                throws Exception {
+
+            // Preselect both SPI and encap port, to be used for both inbound and outbound tunnels.
+            // Re-uses the same SPI to ensure that even in cases of symmetric SPIs shared across
+            // tunnel and transport mode, packets are encrypted/decrypted properly based on the
+            // src/dst.
+            int spi = getRandomSpi(localOuter, remoteOuter);
+
+            int innerFamily = localInner instanceof Inet4Address ? AF_INET : AF_INET6;
+            int outerFamily = localOuter instanceof Inet4Address ? AF_INET : AF_INET6;
+            int expectedPacketSize =
+                    getPacketSize(innerFamily, outerFamily, useEncap, transportInTunnelMode);
+
+            // Build transport mode transforms and encapsulation socket for verifying
+            // transport-in-tunnel case and encapsulation case.
+            try (IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex inTransportSpi =
+                            mISM.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(localInner, spi);
+                    IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex outTransportSpi =
+                            mISM.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(remoteInner, spi);
+                    IpSecTransform inTransportTransform =
+                            buildIpSecTransform(sContext, inTransportSpi, null, remoteInner);
+                    IpSecTransform outTransportTransform =
+                            buildIpSecTransform(sContext, outTransportSpi, null, localInner);
+                    UdpEncapsulationSocket encapSocket = mISM.openUdpEncapsulationSocket()) {
+
+                // Configure tunnel mode Transform parameters
+                IpSecTransform.Builder transformBuilder = new IpSecTransform.Builder(sContext);
+                transformBuilder.setEncryption(
+                        new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY));
+                transformBuilder.setAuthentication(
+                        new IpSecAlgorithm(
+                                IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA256, AUTH_KEY, AUTH_KEY.length * 4));
+
+                if (useEncap) {
+                    transformBuilder.setIpv4Encapsulation(encapSocket, encapSocket.getPort());
+                }
+
+                // Apply transform and check that traffic is properly encrypted
+                try (IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex inSpi =
+                                mISM.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(localOuter, spi);
+                        IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex outSpi =
+                                mISM.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(remoteOuter, spi);
+                        IpSecTransform inTransform =
+                                transformBuilder.buildTunnelModeTransform(remoteOuter, inSpi);
+                        IpSecTransform outTransform =
+                                transformBuilder.buildTunnelModeTransform(localOuter, outSpi)) {
+                    mISM.applyTunnelModeTransform(
+                            tunnelIface, IpSecManager.DIRECTION_IN, inTransform);
+                    mISM.applyTunnelModeTransform(
+                            tunnelIface, IpSecManager.DIRECTION_OUT, outTransform);
+
+                    mTestRunnableFactory
+                            .getIpSecTunnelTestRunnable(
+                                    transportInTunnelMode,
+                                    spi,
+                                    localInner,
+                                    remoteInner,
+                                    localOuter,
+                                    remoteOuter,
+                                    inTransportTransform,
+                                    outTransportTransform,
+                                    useEncap ? encapSocket.getPort() : 0,
+                                    0,
+                                    expectedPacketSize)
+                            .run(ipsecNetwork, tunnelIface, tunUtils);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void checkTunnelOutput(
+            int innerFamily, int outerFamily, boolean useEncap, boolean transportInTunnelMode)
+            throws Exception {
+        checkTunnel(
+                innerFamily,
+                outerFamily,
+                useEncap,
+                transportInTunnelMode,
+                new OutputIpSecTunnelTestRunnableFactory());
+    }
+
+    private void checkTunnelInput(
+            int innerFamily, int outerFamily, boolean useEncap, boolean transportInTunnelMode)
+            throws Exception {
+        checkTunnel(
+                innerFamily,
+                outerFamily,
+                useEncap,
+                transportInTunnelMode,
+                new InputPacketGeneratorIpSecTunnelTestRunnableFactory());
+    }
+
+    private void checkMigrateTunnelOutput(
+            int innerFamily, int outerFamily, boolean useEncap, boolean transportInTunnelMode)
+            throws Exception {
+        checkTunnel(
+                innerFamily,
+                outerFamily,
+                useEncap,
+                transportInTunnelMode,
+                new MigrateIpSecTunnelTestRunnableFactory(true));
+    }
+
+    private void checkMigrateTunnelInput(
+            int innerFamily, int outerFamily, boolean useEncap, boolean transportInTunnelMode)
+            throws Exception {
+        checkTunnel(
+                innerFamily,
+                outerFamily,
+                useEncap,
+                transportInTunnelMode,
+                new MigrateIpSecTunnelTestRunnableFactory(false));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Validates that the kernel can talk to itself.
+     *
+     * <p>This test takes an outbound IPsec packet, reflects it (by flipping IP src/dst), and
+     * injects it back into the TUN. This test then verifies that a packet with the correct payload
+     * is found on the specified socket/port.
+     */
+    public void checkTunnelReflected(
+            int innerFamily, int outerFamily, boolean useEncap, boolean transportInTunnelMode)
+            throws Exception {
+        InetAddress localInner = innerFamily == AF_INET ? LOCAL_INNER_4 : LOCAL_INNER_6;
+        InetAddress remoteInner = innerFamily == AF_INET ? REMOTE_INNER_4 : REMOTE_INNER_6;
+
+        InetAddress localOuter = outerFamily == AF_INET ? LOCAL_OUTER_4 : LOCAL_OUTER_6;
+        InetAddress remoteOuter = outerFamily == AF_INET ? REMOTE_OUTER_4 : REMOTE_OUTER_6;
+
+        // Preselect both SPI and encap port, to be used for both inbound and outbound tunnels.
+        int spi = getRandomSpi(localOuter, remoteOuter);
+        int expectedPacketSize =
+                getPacketSize(innerFamily, outerFamily, useEncap, transportInTunnelMode);
+
+        try (IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex inTransportSpi =
+                        mISM.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(localInner, spi);
+                IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex outTransportSpi =
+                        mISM.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(remoteInner, spi);
+                IpSecTransform inTransportTransform =
+                        buildIpSecTransform(sContext, inTransportSpi, null, remoteInner);
+                IpSecTransform outTransportTransform =
+                        buildIpSecTransform(sContext, outTransportSpi, null, localInner);
+                UdpEncapsulationSocket encapSocket = mISM.openUdpEncapsulationSocket()) {
+
+            // Run output direction tests
+            IpSecTunnelTestRunnable outputIpSecTunnelTestRunnable =
+                    new OutputIpSecTunnelTestRunnableFactory()
+                            .getIpSecTunnelTestRunnable(
+                                    transportInTunnelMode,
+                                    spi,
+                                    localInner,
+                                    remoteInner,
+                                    localOuter,
+                                    remoteOuter,
+                                    inTransportTransform,
+                                    outTransportTransform,
+                                    useEncap ? encapSocket.getPort() : 0,
+                                    0,
+                                    expectedPacketSize);
+            int innerSocketPort =
+                    buildTunnelNetworkAndRunTests(
+                    localInner,
+                    remoteInner,
+                    localOuter,
+                    remoteOuter,
+                    spi,
+                    useEncap ? encapSocket : null,
+                    outputIpSecTunnelTestRunnable);
+
+            // Input direction tests, with matching inner socket ports.
+            IpSecTunnelTestRunnable inputIpSecTunnelTestRunnable =
+                    new InputReflectedIpSecTunnelTestRunnableFactory()
+                            .getIpSecTunnelTestRunnable(
+                                    transportInTunnelMode,
+                                    spi,
+                                    remoteInner,
+                                    localInner,
+                                    localOuter,
+                                    remoteOuter,
+                                    inTransportTransform,
+                                    outTransportTransform,
+                                    useEncap ? encapSocket.getPort() : 0,
+                                    innerSocketPort,
+                                    expectedPacketSize);
+            buildTunnelNetworkAndRunTests(
+                    remoteInner,
+                    localInner,
+                    localOuter,
+                    remoteOuter,
+                    spi,
+                    useEncap ? encapSocket : null,
+                    inputIpSecTunnelTestRunnable);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void checkTunnel(
+            int innerFamily,
+            int outerFamily,
+            boolean useEncap,
+            boolean transportInTunnelMode,
+            IpSecTunnelTestRunnableFactory factory)
+            throws Exception {
+
+        InetAddress localInner = innerFamily == AF_INET ? LOCAL_INNER_4 : LOCAL_INNER_6;
+        InetAddress remoteInner = innerFamily == AF_INET ? REMOTE_INNER_4 : REMOTE_INNER_6;
+
+        InetAddress localOuter = outerFamily == AF_INET ? LOCAL_OUTER_4 : LOCAL_OUTER_6;
+        InetAddress remoteOuter = outerFamily == AF_INET ? REMOTE_OUTER_4 : REMOTE_OUTER_6;
+
+        // Preselect both SPI and encap port, to be used for both inbound and outbound tunnels.
+        // Re-uses the same SPI to ensure that even in cases of symmetric SPIs shared across tunnel
+        // and transport mode, packets are encrypted/decrypted properly based on the src/dst.
+        int spi = getRandomSpi(localOuter, remoteOuter);
+        int expectedPacketSize =
+                getPacketSize(innerFamily, outerFamily, useEncap, transportInTunnelMode);
+
+        try (IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex inTransportSpi =
+                        mISM.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(localInner, spi);
+                IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex outTransportSpi =
+                        mISM.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(remoteInner, spi);
+                IpSecTransform inTransportTransform =
+                        buildIpSecTransform(sContext, inTransportSpi, null, remoteInner);
+                IpSecTransform outTransportTransform =
+                        buildIpSecTransform(sContext, outTransportSpi, null, localInner);
+                UdpEncapsulationSocket encapSocket = mISM.openUdpEncapsulationSocket()) {
+
+            buildTunnelNetworkAndRunTests(
+                    localInner,
+                    remoteInner,
+                    localOuter,
+                    remoteOuter,
+                    spi,
+                    useEncap ? encapSocket : null,
+                    factory.getIpSecTunnelTestRunnable(
+                            transportInTunnelMode,
+                            spi,
+                            localInner,
+                            remoteInner,
+                            localOuter,
+                            remoteOuter,
+                            inTransportTransform,
+                            outTransportTransform,
+                            useEncap ? encapSocket.getPort() : 0,
+                            0,
+                            expectedPacketSize));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int buildTunnelNetworkAndRunTests(
+            InetAddress localInner,
+            InetAddress remoteInner,
+            InetAddress localOuter,
+            InetAddress remoteOuter,
+            int spi,
+            UdpEncapsulationSocket encapSocket,
+            IpSecTunnelTestRunnable test)
+            throws Exception {
+        int innerPrefixLen = localInner instanceof Inet6Address ? IP6_PREFIX_LEN : IP4_PREFIX_LEN;
+        TestNetworkCallback testNetworkCb = null;
+        int innerSocketPort;
+
+        try (IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex inSpi =
+                        mISM.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(localOuter, spi);
+                IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex outSpi =
+                        mISM.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(remoteOuter, spi);
+                IpSecManager.IpSecTunnelInterface tunnelIface =
+                        mISM.createIpSecTunnelInterface(
+                                localOuter, remoteOuter, sTunWrapper.network)) {
+            // Build the test network
+            tunnelIface.addAddress(localInner, innerPrefixLen);
+            testNetworkCb = mCtsNetUtils.setupAndGetTestNetwork(tunnelIface.getInterfaceName());
+            testNetworkCb.waitForAvailable();
+            Network testNetwork = testNetworkCb.currentNetwork;
+
+            // Check interface was created
+            assertNotNull(NetworkInterface.getByName(tunnelIface.getInterfaceName()));
+
+            // Verify address was added
+            final NetworkInterface netIface = NetworkInterface.getByInetAddress(localInner);
+            assertNotNull(netIface);
+            assertEquals(tunnelIface.getInterfaceName(), netIface.getDisplayName());
+
+            // Configure Transform parameters
+            IpSecTransform.Builder transformBuilder = new IpSecTransform.Builder(sContext);
+            transformBuilder.setEncryption(
+                    new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY));
+            transformBuilder.setAuthentication(
+                    new IpSecAlgorithm(
+                            IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA256, AUTH_KEY, AUTH_KEY.length * 4));
+
+            if (encapSocket != null) {
+                transformBuilder.setIpv4Encapsulation(encapSocket, encapSocket.getPort());
+            }
+
+            // Apply transform and check that traffic is properly encrypted
+            try (IpSecTransform inTransform =
+                            transformBuilder.buildTunnelModeTransform(remoteOuter, inSpi);
+                    IpSecTransform outTransform =
+                            transformBuilder.buildTunnelModeTransform(localOuter, outSpi)) {
+                mISM.applyTunnelModeTransform(tunnelIface, IpSecManager.DIRECTION_IN, inTransform);
+                mISM.applyTunnelModeTransform(
+                        tunnelIface, IpSecManager.DIRECTION_OUT, outTransform);
+
+                innerSocketPort = test.run(testNetwork, tunnelIface, sTunWrapper.utils);
+            }
+
+            // Teardown the test network
+            sTNM.teardownTestNetwork(testNetwork);
+
+            // Remove addresses and check that interface is still present, but fails lookup-by-addr
+            tunnelIface.removeAddress(localInner, innerPrefixLen);
+            assertNotNull(NetworkInterface.getByName(tunnelIface.getInterfaceName()));
+            assertNull(NetworkInterface.getByInetAddress(localInner));
+
+            // Check interface was cleaned up
+            tunnelIface.close();
+            assertNull(NetworkInterface.getByName(tunnelIface.getInterfaceName()));
+        } finally {
+            if (testNetworkCb != null) {
+                sCM.unregisterNetworkCallback(testNetworkCb);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return innerSocketPort;
+    }
+
+    private static void receiveAndValidatePacket(JavaUdpSocket socket) throws Exception {
+        byte[] socketResponseBytes = socket.receive();
+        assertArrayEquals(TEST_DATA, socketResponseBytes);
+    }
+
+    private int getRandomSpi(InetAddress localOuter, InetAddress remoteOuter) throws Exception {
+        // Try to allocate both in and out SPIs using the same requested SPI value.
+        try (IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex inSpi =
+                        mISM.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(localOuter);
+                IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex outSpi =
+                        mISM.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(remoteOuter, inSpi.getSpi()); ) {
+            return inSpi.getSpi();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private EspHeader buildTransportModeEspPacket(
+            int spi, InetAddress src, InetAddress dst, int port, Payload payload) throws Exception {
+        IpHeader preEspIpHeader = getIpHeader(payload.getProtocolId(), src, dst, payload);
+
+        return new EspHeader(
+                payload.getProtocolId(),
+                spi,
+                1, // sequence number
+                CRYPT_KEY, // Same key for auth and crypt
+                payload.getPacketBytes(preEspIpHeader));
+    }
+
+    private EspHeader buildTunnelModeEspPacket(
+            int spi,
+            InetAddress srcInner,
+            InetAddress dstInner,
+            InetAddress srcOuter,
+            InetAddress dstOuter,
+            int port,
+            int encapPort,
+            Payload payload)
+            throws Exception {
+        IpHeader innerIp = getIpHeader(payload.getProtocolId(), srcInner, dstInner, payload);
+        return new EspHeader(
+                innerIp.getProtocolId(),
+                spi,
+                1, // sequence number
+                CRYPT_KEY, // Same key for auth and crypt
+                innerIp.getPacketBytes());
+    }
+
+    private IpHeader maybeEncapPacket(
+            InetAddress src, InetAddress dst, int encapPort, EspHeader espPayload)
+            throws Exception {
+
+        Payload payload = espPayload;
+        if (encapPort != 0) {
+            payload = new UdpHeader(encapPort, encapPort, espPayload);
+        }
+
+        return getIpHeader(payload.getProtocolId(), src, dst, payload);
+    }
+
+    private byte[] getTunnelModePacket(
+            int spi,
+            InetAddress srcInner,
+            InetAddress dstInner,
+            InetAddress srcOuter,
+            InetAddress dstOuter,
+            int port,
+            int encapPort)
+            throws Exception {
+        UdpHeader udp = new UdpHeader(port, port, new BytePayload(TEST_DATA));
+
+        EspHeader espPayload =
+                buildTunnelModeEspPacket(
+                        spi, srcInner, dstInner, srcOuter, dstOuter, port, encapPort, udp);
+        return maybeEncapPacket(srcOuter, dstOuter, encapPort, espPayload).getPacketBytes();
+    }
+
+    private byte[] getTransportInTunnelModePacket(
+            int spiInner,
+            int spiOuter,
+            InetAddress srcInner,
+            InetAddress dstInner,
+            InetAddress srcOuter,
+            InetAddress dstOuter,
+            int port,
+            int encapPort)
+            throws Exception {
+        UdpHeader udp = new UdpHeader(port, port, new BytePayload(TEST_DATA));
+
+        EspHeader espPayload = buildTransportModeEspPacket(spiInner, srcInner, dstInner, port, udp);
+        espPayload =
+                buildTunnelModeEspPacket(
+                        spiOuter,
+                        srcInner,
+                        dstInner,
+                        srcOuter,
+                        dstOuter,
+                        port,
+                        encapPort,
+                        espPayload);
+        return maybeEncapPacket(srcOuter, dstOuter, encapPort, espPayload).getPacketBytes();
+    }
+
+    private void doTestMigrateTunnel(
+            int innerFamily, int outerFamily, boolean useEncap, boolean transportInTunnelMode)
+            throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+        checkTunnelOutput(innerFamily, outerFamily, useEncap, transportInTunnelMode);
+        checkTunnelInput(innerFamily, outerFamily, useEncap, transportInTunnelMode);
+    }
+
+    // Transport-in-Tunnel mode tests
+    @Test
+    public void testTransportInTunnelModeV4InV4() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+        checkTunnelOutput(AF_INET, AF_INET, false, true);
+        checkTunnelInput(AF_INET, AF_INET, false, true);
+    }
+
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    @Test
+    public void testMigrateTransportInTunnelModeV4InV4() throws Exception {
+        doTestMigrateTunnel(AF_INET, AF_INET, false, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTransportInTunnelModeV4InV4Reflected() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+        checkTunnelReflected(AF_INET, AF_INET, false, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTransportInTunnelModeV4InV4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+        checkTunnelOutput(AF_INET, AF_INET, true, true);
+        checkTunnelInput(AF_INET, AF_INET, true, true);
+    }
+
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    @Test
+    public void testMigrateTransportInTunnelModeV4InV4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        doTestMigrateTunnel(AF_INET, AF_INET, true, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTransportInTunnelModeV4InV4UdpEncapReflected() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+        checkTunnelReflected(AF_INET, AF_INET, false, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTransportInTunnelModeV4InV6() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+        checkTunnelOutput(AF_INET, AF_INET6, false, true);
+        checkTunnelInput(AF_INET, AF_INET6, false, true);
+    }
+
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    @Test
+    public void testMigrateTransportInTunnelModeV4InV6() throws Exception {
+        doTestMigrateTunnel(AF_INET, AF_INET6, false, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTransportInTunnelModeV4InV6Reflected() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+        checkTunnelReflected(AF_INET, AF_INET, false, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTransportInTunnelModeV6InV4() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+        checkTunnelOutput(AF_INET6, AF_INET, false, true);
+        checkTunnelInput(AF_INET6, AF_INET, false, true);
+    }
+
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    @Test
+    public void testMigrateTransportInTunnelModeV6InV4() throws Exception {
+        doTestMigrateTunnel(AF_INET6, AF_INET, false, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTransportInTunnelModeV6InV4Reflected() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+        checkTunnelReflected(AF_INET, AF_INET, false, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTransportInTunnelModeV6InV4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+        checkTunnelOutput(AF_INET6, AF_INET, true, true);
+        checkTunnelInput(AF_INET6, AF_INET, true, true);
+    }
+
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    @Test
+    public void testMigrateTransportInTunnelModeV6InV4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        doTestMigrateTunnel(AF_INET6, AF_INET, true, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTransportInTunnelModeV6InV4UdpEncapReflected() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+        checkTunnelReflected(AF_INET, AF_INET, false, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTransportInTunnelModeV6InV6() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+        checkTunnelOutput(AF_INET, AF_INET6, false, true);
+        checkTunnelInput(AF_INET, AF_INET6, false, true);
+    }
+
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    @Test
+    public void testMigrateTransportInTunnelModeV6InV6() throws Exception {
+        doTestMigrateTunnel(AF_INET, AF_INET6, false, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTransportInTunnelModeV6InV6Reflected() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+        checkTunnelReflected(AF_INET, AF_INET, false, true);
+    }
+
+    // Tunnel mode tests
+    @Test
+    public void testTunnelV4InV4() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+        checkTunnelOutput(AF_INET, AF_INET, false, false);
+        checkTunnelInput(AF_INET, AF_INET, false, false);
+    }
+
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    @Test
+    public void testMigrateTunnelV4InV4() throws Exception {
+        doTestMigrateTunnel(AF_INET, AF_INET, false, false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTunnelV4InV4Reflected() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+        checkTunnelReflected(AF_INET, AF_INET, false, false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTunnelV4InV4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+        checkTunnelOutput(AF_INET, AF_INET, true, false);
+        checkTunnelInput(AF_INET, AF_INET, true, false);
+    }
+
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    @Test
+    public void testMigrateTunnelV4InV4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        doTestMigrateTunnel(AF_INET, AF_INET, true, false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTunnelV4InV4UdpEncapReflected() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+        checkTunnelReflected(AF_INET, AF_INET, true, false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTunnelV4InV6() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+        checkTunnelOutput(AF_INET, AF_INET6, false, false);
+        checkTunnelInput(AF_INET, AF_INET6, false, false);
+    }
+
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    @Test
+    public void testMigrateTunnelV4InV6() throws Exception {
+        doTestMigrateTunnel(AF_INET, AF_INET6, false, false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTunnelV4InV6Reflected() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+        checkTunnelReflected(AF_INET, AF_INET6, false, false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTunnelV6InV4() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+        checkTunnelOutput(AF_INET6, AF_INET, false, false);
+        checkTunnelInput(AF_INET6, AF_INET, false, false);
+    }
+
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    @Test
+    public void testMigrateTunnelV6InV4() throws Exception {
+        doTestMigrateTunnel(AF_INET6, AF_INET, false, false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTunnelV6InV4Reflected() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+        checkTunnelReflected(AF_INET6, AF_INET, false, false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTunnelV6InV4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+        checkTunnelOutput(AF_INET6, AF_INET, true, false);
+        checkTunnelInput(AF_INET6, AF_INET, true, false);
+    }
+
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    @Test
+    public void testMigrateTunnelV6InV4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        doTestMigrateTunnel(AF_INET6, AF_INET, true, false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTunnelV6InV4UdpEncapReflected() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+        checkTunnelReflected(AF_INET6, AF_INET, true, false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTunnelV6InV6() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+        checkTunnelOutput(AF_INET6, AF_INET6, false, false);
+        checkTunnelInput(AF_INET6, AF_INET6, false, false);
+    }
+
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    @Test
+    public void testMigrateTunnelV6InV6() throws Exception {
+        doTestMigrateTunnel(AF_INET6, AF_INET6, false, false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTunnelV6InV6Reflected() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+        checkTunnelReflected(AF_INET6, AF_INET6, false, false);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/LocalServerSocketTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/LocalServerSocketTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c5a1b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/LocalServerSocketTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2009 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import android.net.LocalServerSocket;
+import android.net.LocalSocket;
+import android.net.LocalSocketAddress;
+
+public class LocalServerSocketTest extends TestCase {
+
+    public void testLocalServerSocket() throws IOException {
+        String address = "com.android.net.LocalServerSocketTest_testLocalServerSocket";
+        LocalServerSocket localServerSocket = new LocalServerSocket(address);
+        assertNotNull(localServerSocket.getLocalSocketAddress());
+
+        // create client socket
+        LocalSocket clientSocket = new LocalSocket();
+
+        // establish connection between client and server
+        clientSocket.connect(new LocalSocketAddress(address));
+        LocalSocket serverSocket = localServerSocket.accept();
+
+        assertTrue(serverSocket.isConnected());
+        assertTrue(serverSocket.isBound());
+
+        // send data from client to server
+        OutputStream clientOutStream = clientSocket.getOutputStream();
+        clientOutStream.write(12);
+        InputStream serverInStream = serverSocket.getInputStream();
+        assertEquals(12, serverInStream.read());
+
+        // send data from server to client
+        OutputStream serverOutStream = serverSocket.getOutputStream();
+        serverOutStream.write(3);
+        InputStream clientInStream = clientSocket.getInputStream();
+        assertEquals(3, clientInStream.read());
+
+        // close server socket
+        assertNotNull(localServerSocket.getFileDescriptor());
+        localServerSocket.close();
+        assertNull(localServerSocket.getFileDescriptor());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/LocalSocketAddressTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/LocalSocketAddressTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ef003b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/LocalSocketAddressTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import android.net.LocalSocketAddress;
+import android.net.LocalSocketAddress.Namespace;
+import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
+
+public class LocalSocketAddressTest extends AndroidTestCase {
+
+    public void testNewLocalSocketAddressWithDefaultNamespace() {
+        // default namespace
+        LocalSocketAddress localSocketAddress = new LocalSocketAddress("name");
+        assertEquals("name", localSocketAddress.getName());
+        assertEquals(Namespace.ABSTRACT, localSocketAddress.getNamespace());
+
+        // specify the namespace
+        LocalSocketAddress localSocketAddress2 =
+                new LocalSocketAddress("name2", Namespace.ABSTRACT);
+        assertEquals("name2", localSocketAddress2.getName());
+        assertEquals(Namespace.ABSTRACT, localSocketAddress2.getNamespace());
+
+        LocalSocketAddress localSocketAddress3 =
+                new LocalSocketAddress("name3", Namespace.FILESYSTEM);
+        assertEquals("name3", localSocketAddress3.getName());
+        assertEquals(Namespace.FILESYSTEM, localSocketAddress3.getNamespace());
+
+        LocalSocketAddress localSocketAddress4 =
+                new LocalSocketAddress("name4", Namespace.RESERVED);
+        assertEquals("name4", localSocketAddress4.getName());
+        assertEquals(Namespace.RESERVED, localSocketAddress4.getNamespace());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/LocalSocketAddress_NamespaceTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/LocalSocketAddress_NamespaceTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..97dfa43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/LocalSocketAddress_NamespaceTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2009 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import android.net.LocalSocketAddress.Namespace;
+import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
+
+public class LocalSocketAddress_NamespaceTest extends AndroidTestCase {
+
+    public void testValueOf() {
+        assertEquals(Namespace.ABSTRACT, Namespace.valueOf("ABSTRACT"));
+        assertEquals(Namespace.RESERVED, Namespace.valueOf("RESERVED"));
+        assertEquals(Namespace.FILESYSTEM, Namespace.valueOf("FILESYSTEM"));
+    }
+
+    public void testValues() {
+        Namespace[] expected = Namespace.values();
+        assertEquals(Namespace.ABSTRACT, expected[0]);
+        assertEquals(Namespace.RESERVED, expected[1]);
+        assertEquals(Namespace.FILESYSTEM, expected[2]);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MacAddressTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MacAddressTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e47155b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MacAddressTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import static android.net.MacAddress.TYPE_BROADCAST;
+import static android.net.MacAddress.TYPE_MULTICAST;
+import static android.net.MacAddress.TYPE_UNICAST;
+
+import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils.assertParcelingIsLossless;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import android.net.MacAddress;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+@SmallTest
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+public class MacAddressTest {
+
+    static class TestCase {
+        final String macAddress;
+        final String ouiString;
+        final int addressType;
+        final boolean isLocallyAssigned;
+
+        TestCase(String macAddress, String ouiString, int addressType, boolean isLocallyAssigned) {
+            this.macAddress = macAddress;
+            this.ouiString = ouiString;
+            this.addressType = addressType;
+            this.isLocallyAssigned = isLocallyAssigned;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static final boolean LOCALLY_ASSIGNED = true;
+    static final boolean GLOBALLY_UNIQUE = false;
+
+    static String typeToString(int addressType) {
+        switch (addressType) {
+            case TYPE_UNICAST:
+                return "TYPE_UNICAST";
+            case TYPE_BROADCAST:
+                return "TYPE_BROADCAST";
+            case TYPE_MULTICAST:
+                return "TYPE_MULTICAST";
+            default:
+                return "UNKNOWN";
+        }
+    }
+
+    static String localAssignedToString(boolean isLocallyAssigned) {
+        return isLocallyAssigned ? "LOCALLY_ASSIGNED" : "GLOBALLY_UNIQUE";
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMacAddress() {
+        TestCase[] tests = {
+            new TestCase("ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", "ff:ff:ff", TYPE_BROADCAST, LOCALLY_ASSIGNED),
+            new TestCase("d2:c4:22:4d:32:a8", "d2:c4:22", TYPE_UNICAST, LOCALLY_ASSIGNED),
+            new TestCase("33:33:aa:bb:cc:dd", "33:33:aa", TYPE_MULTICAST, LOCALLY_ASSIGNED),
+            new TestCase("06:00:00:00:00:00", "06:00:00", TYPE_UNICAST, LOCALLY_ASSIGNED),
+            new TestCase("07:00:d3:56:8a:c4", "07:00:d3", TYPE_MULTICAST, LOCALLY_ASSIGNED),
+            new TestCase("00:01:44:55:66:77", "00:01:44", TYPE_UNICAST, GLOBALLY_UNIQUE),
+            new TestCase("08:00:22:33:44:55", "08:00:22", TYPE_UNICAST, GLOBALLY_UNIQUE),
+        };
+
+        for (TestCase tc : tests) {
+            MacAddress mac = MacAddress.fromString(tc.macAddress);
+
+            if (!tc.ouiString.equals(mac.toOuiString())) {
+                fail(String.format("expected OUI string %s, got %s",
+                        tc.ouiString, mac.toOuiString()));
+            }
+
+            if (tc.isLocallyAssigned != mac.isLocallyAssigned()) {
+                fail(String.format("expected %s to be %s, got %s", mac,
+                        localAssignedToString(tc.isLocallyAssigned),
+                        localAssignedToString(mac.isLocallyAssigned())));
+            }
+
+            if (tc.addressType != mac.getAddressType()) {
+                fail(String.format("expected %s address type to be %s, got %s", mac,
+                        typeToString(tc.addressType), typeToString(mac.getAddressType())));
+            }
+
+            if (!tc.macAddress.equals(mac.toString())) {
+                fail(String.format("expected toString() to return %s, got %s",
+                        tc.macAddress, mac.toString()));
+            }
+
+            if (!mac.equals(MacAddress.fromBytes(mac.toByteArray()))) {
+                byte[] bytes = mac.toByteArray();
+                fail(String.format("expected mac address from bytes %s to be %s, got %s",
+                        Arrays.toString(bytes),
+                        MacAddress.fromBytes(bytes),
+                        mac));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConstructorInputValidation() {
+        String[] invalidStringAddresses = {
+            "",
+            "abcd",
+            "1:2:3:4:5",
+            "1:2:3:4:5:6:7",
+            "10000:2:3:4:5:6",
+        };
+
+        for (String s : invalidStringAddresses) {
+            try {
+                MacAddress mac = MacAddress.fromString(s);
+                fail("MacAddress.fromString(" + s + ") should have failed, but returned " + mac);
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException excepted) {
+            }
+        }
+
+        try {
+            MacAddress mac = MacAddress.fromString(null);
+            fail("MacAddress.fromString(null) should have failed, but returned " + mac);
+        } catch (NullPointerException excepted) {
+        }
+
+        byte[][] invalidBytesAddresses = {
+            {},
+            {1,2,3,4,5},
+            {1,2,3,4,5,6,7},
+        };
+
+        for (byte[] b : invalidBytesAddresses) {
+            try {
+                MacAddress mac = MacAddress.fromBytes(b);
+                fail("MacAddress.fromBytes(" + Arrays.toString(b)
+                        + ") should have failed, but returned " + mac);
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException excepted) {
+            }
+        }
+
+        try {
+            MacAddress mac = MacAddress.fromBytes(null);
+            fail("MacAddress.fromBytes(null) should have failed, but returned " + mac);
+        } catch (NullPointerException excepted) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMatches() {
+        // match 4 bytes prefix
+        assertTrue(MacAddress.fromString("aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:11").matches(
+                MacAddress.fromString("aa:bb:cc:dd:00:00"),
+                MacAddress.fromString("ff:ff:ff:ff:00:00")));
+
+        // match bytes 0,1,2 and 5
+        assertTrue(MacAddress.fromString("aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:11").matches(
+                MacAddress.fromString("aa:bb:cc:00:00:11"),
+                MacAddress.fromString("ff:ff:ff:00:00:ff")));
+
+        // match 34 bit prefix
+        assertTrue(MacAddress.fromString("aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:11").matches(
+                MacAddress.fromString("aa:bb:cc:dd:c0:00"),
+                MacAddress.fromString("ff:ff:ff:ff:c0:00")));
+
+        // fail to match 36 bit prefix
+        assertFalse(MacAddress.fromString("aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:11").matches(
+                MacAddress.fromString("aa:bb:cc:dd:40:00"),
+                MacAddress.fromString("ff:ff:ff:ff:f0:00")));
+
+        // match all 6 bytes
+        assertTrue(MacAddress.fromString("aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:11").matches(
+                MacAddress.fromString("aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:11"),
+                MacAddress.fromString("ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff")));
+
+        // match none of 6 bytes
+        assertTrue(MacAddress.fromString("aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:11").matches(
+                MacAddress.fromString("00:00:00:00:00:00"),
+                MacAddress.fromString("00:00:00:00:00:00")));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests that link-local address generation from MAC is valid.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testLinkLocalFromMacGeneration() {
+        final MacAddress mac = MacAddress.fromString("52:74:f2:b1:a8:7f");
+        final byte[] inet6ll = {(byte) 0xfe, (byte) 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x50,
+                0x74, (byte) 0xf2, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xfe, (byte) 0xb1, (byte) 0xa8, 0x7f};
+        final Inet6Address llv6 = mac.getLinkLocalIpv6FromEui48Mac();
+        assertTrue(llv6.isLinkLocalAddress());
+        assertArrayEquals(inet6ll, llv6.getAddress());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParcelMacAddress() {
+        final MacAddress mac = MacAddress.fromString("52:74:f2:b1:a8:7f");
+
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(mac);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MailToTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MailToTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e454d20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MailToTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import android.net.MailTo;
+import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+public class MailToTest extends AndroidTestCase {
+    private static final String MAILTOURI_1 = "mailto:chris@example.com";
+    private static final String MAILTOURI_2 = "mailto:infobot@example.com?subject=current-issue";
+    private static final String MAILTOURI_3 =
+            "mailto:infobot@example.com?body=send%20current-issue";
+    private static final String MAILTOURI_4 = "mailto:infobot@example.com?body=send%20current-" +
+                                              "issue%0D%0Asend%20index";
+    private static final String MAILTOURI_5 = "mailto:joe@example.com?" +
+                                              "cc=bob@example.com&body=hello";
+    private static final String MAILTOURI_6 = "mailto:?to=joe@example.com&" +
+                                              "cc=bob@example.com&body=hello";
+
+    @Override
+    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+    }
+
+    public void testParseMailToURI() {
+        assertFalse(MailTo.isMailTo(null));
+        assertFalse(MailTo.isMailTo(""));
+        assertFalse(MailTo.isMailTo("http://www.google.com"));
+
+        assertTrue(MailTo.isMailTo(MAILTOURI_1));
+        MailTo mailTo_1 = MailTo.parse(MAILTOURI_1);
+        Log.d("Trace", mailTo_1.toString());
+        assertEquals("chris@example.com", mailTo_1.getTo());
+        assertEquals(1, mailTo_1.getHeaders().size());
+        assertNull(mailTo_1.getBody());
+        assertNull(mailTo_1.getCc());
+        assertNull(mailTo_1.getSubject());
+        assertEquals("mailto:?to=chris%40example.com&", mailTo_1.toString());
+
+        assertTrue(MailTo.isMailTo(MAILTOURI_2));
+        MailTo mailTo_2 = MailTo.parse(MAILTOURI_2);
+        Log.d("Trace", mailTo_2.toString());
+        assertEquals(2, mailTo_2.getHeaders().size());
+        assertEquals("infobot@example.com", mailTo_2.getTo());
+        assertEquals("current-issue", mailTo_2.getSubject());
+        assertNull(mailTo_2.getBody());
+        assertNull(mailTo_2.getCc());
+        String stringUrl = mailTo_2.toString();
+        assertTrue(stringUrl.startsWith("mailto:?"));
+        assertTrue(stringUrl.contains("to=infobot%40example.com&"));
+        assertTrue(stringUrl.contains("subject=current-issue&"));
+
+        assertTrue(MailTo.isMailTo(MAILTOURI_3));
+        MailTo mailTo_3 = MailTo.parse(MAILTOURI_3);
+        Log.d("Trace", mailTo_3.toString());
+        assertEquals(2, mailTo_3.getHeaders().size());
+        assertEquals("infobot@example.com", mailTo_3.getTo());
+        assertEquals("send current-issue", mailTo_3.getBody());
+        assertNull(mailTo_3.getCc());
+        assertNull(mailTo_3.getSubject());
+        stringUrl = mailTo_3.toString();
+        assertTrue(stringUrl.startsWith("mailto:?"));
+        assertTrue(stringUrl.contains("to=infobot%40example.com&"));
+        assertTrue(stringUrl.contains("body=send%20current-issue&"));
+
+        assertTrue(MailTo.isMailTo(MAILTOURI_4));
+        MailTo mailTo_4 = MailTo.parse(MAILTOURI_4);
+        Log.d("Trace", mailTo_4.toString() + " " + mailTo_4.getBody());
+        assertEquals(2, mailTo_4.getHeaders().size());
+        assertEquals("infobot@example.com", mailTo_4.getTo());
+        assertEquals("send current-issue\r\nsend index", mailTo_4.getBody());
+        assertNull(mailTo_4.getCc());
+        assertNull(mailTo_4.getSubject());
+        stringUrl = mailTo_4.toString();
+        assertTrue(stringUrl.startsWith("mailto:?"));
+        assertTrue(stringUrl.contains("to=infobot%40example.com&"));
+        assertTrue(stringUrl.contains("body=send%20current-issue%0D%0Asend%20index&"));
+
+
+        assertTrue(MailTo.isMailTo(MAILTOURI_5));
+        MailTo mailTo_5 = MailTo.parse(MAILTOURI_5);
+        Log.d("Trace", mailTo_5.toString() + mailTo_5.getHeaders().toString()
+                + mailTo_5.getHeaders().size());
+        assertEquals(3, mailTo_5.getHeaders().size());
+        assertEquals("joe@example.com", mailTo_5.getTo());
+        assertEquals("bob@example.com", mailTo_5.getCc());
+        assertEquals("hello", mailTo_5.getBody());
+        assertNull(mailTo_5.getSubject());
+        stringUrl = mailTo_5.toString();
+        assertTrue(stringUrl.startsWith("mailto:?"));
+        assertTrue(stringUrl.contains("cc=bob%40example.com&"));
+        assertTrue(stringUrl.contains("body=hello&"));
+        assertTrue(stringUrl.contains("to=joe%40example.com&"));
+
+        assertTrue(MailTo.isMailTo(MAILTOURI_6));
+        MailTo mailTo_6 = MailTo.parse(MAILTOURI_6);
+        Log.d("Trace", mailTo_6.toString() + mailTo_6.getHeaders().toString()
+                + mailTo_6.getHeaders().size());
+        assertEquals(3, mailTo_6.getHeaders().size());
+        assertEquals(", joe@example.com", mailTo_6.getTo());
+        assertEquals("bob@example.com", mailTo_6.getCc());
+        assertEquals("hello", mailTo_6.getBody());
+        assertNull(mailTo_6.getSubject());
+        stringUrl = mailTo_6.toString();
+        assertTrue(stringUrl.startsWith("mailto:?"));
+        assertTrue(stringUrl.contains("cc=bob%40example.com&"));
+        assertTrue(stringUrl.contains("body=hello&"));
+        assertTrue(stringUrl.contains("to=%2C%20joe%40example.com&"));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MultinetworkApiTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MultinetworkApiTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..691ab99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MultinetworkApiTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.ContentResolver;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkUtils;
+import android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
+import android.provider.Settings;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.system.OsConstants;
+import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+
+public class MultinetworkApiTest extends AndroidTestCase {
+
+    static {
+        System.loadLibrary("nativemultinetwork_jni");
+    }
+
+    private static final String TAG = "MultinetworkNativeApiTest";
+    static final String GOOGLE_PRIVATE_DNS_SERVER = "dns.google";
+
+    /**
+     * @return 0 on success
+     */
+    private static native int runGetaddrinfoCheck(long networkHandle);
+    private static native int runSetprocnetwork(long networkHandle);
+    private static native int runSetsocknetwork(long networkHandle);
+    private static native int runDatagramCheck(long networkHandle);
+    private static native void runResNapiMalformedCheck(long networkHandle);
+    private static native void runResNcancelCheck(long networkHandle);
+    private static native void runResNqueryCheck(long networkHandle);
+    private static native void runResNsendCheck(long networkHandle);
+    private static native void runResNnxDomainCheck(long networkHandle);
+
+
+    private ContentResolver mCR;
+    private ConnectivityManager mCM;
+    private CtsNetUtils mCtsNetUtils;
+    private String mOldMode;
+    private String mOldDnsSpecifier;
+
+    @Override
+    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+        mCM = (ConnectivityManager) getContext().getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
+        mCR = getContext().getContentResolver();
+        mCtsNetUtils = new CtsNetUtils(getContext());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        super.tearDown();
+    }
+
+    private Network[] getTestableNetworks() {
+        final ArrayList<Network> testableNetworks = new ArrayList<Network>();
+        for (Network network : mCM.getAllNetworks()) {
+            final NetworkCapabilities nc = mCM.getNetworkCapabilities(network);
+            if (nc != null
+                    && nc.hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+                    && nc.hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)) {
+                testableNetworks.add(network);
+            }
+        }
+
+        assertTrue(
+                "This test requires that at least one network be connected. " +
+                "Please ensure that the device is connected to a network.",
+                testableNetworks.size() >= 1);
+        return testableNetworks.toArray(new Network[0]);
+    }
+
+    public void testGetaddrinfo() throws ErrnoException {
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
+            int errno = runGetaddrinfoCheck(network.getNetworkHandle());
+            if (errno != 0) {
+                throw new ErrnoException(
+                        "getaddrinfo on " + mCM.getNetworkInfo(network), -errno);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE permission can't be granted to instant apps")
+    public void testSetprocnetwork() throws ErrnoException {
+        // Hopefully no prior test in this process space has set a default network.
+        assertNull(mCM.getProcessDefaultNetwork());
+        assertEquals(0, NetworkUtils.getBoundNetworkForProcess());
+
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
+            mCM.setProcessDefaultNetwork(null);
+            assertNull(mCM.getProcessDefaultNetwork());
+
+            int errno = runSetprocnetwork(network.getNetworkHandle());
+            if (errno != 0) {
+                throw new ErrnoException(
+                        "setprocnetwork on " + mCM.getNetworkInfo(network), -errno);
+            }
+            Network processDefault = mCM.getProcessDefaultNetwork();
+            assertNotNull(processDefault);
+            assertEquals(network, processDefault);
+            // TODO: open DatagramSockets, connect them to 192.0.2.1 and 2001:db8::,
+            // and ensure that the source address is in fact on this network as
+            // determined by mCM.getLinkProperties(network).
+
+            mCM.setProcessDefaultNetwork(null);
+        }
+
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
+            NetworkUtils.bindProcessToNetwork(0);
+            assertNull(mCM.getBoundNetworkForProcess());
+
+            int errno = runSetprocnetwork(network.getNetworkHandle());
+            if (errno != 0) {
+                throw new ErrnoException(
+                        "setprocnetwork on " + mCM.getNetworkInfo(network), -errno);
+            }
+            assertEquals(network, new Network(mCM.getBoundNetworkForProcess()));
+            // TODO: open DatagramSockets, connect them to 192.0.2.1 and 2001:db8::,
+            // and ensure that the source address is in fact on this network as
+            // determined by mCM.getLinkProperties(network).
+
+            NetworkUtils.bindProcessToNetwork(0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE permission can't be granted to instant apps")
+    public void testSetsocknetwork() throws ErrnoException {
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
+            int errno = runSetsocknetwork(network.getNetworkHandle());
+            if (errno != 0) {
+                throw new ErrnoException(
+                        "setsocknetwork on " + mCM.getNetworkInfo(network), -errno);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testNativeDatagramTransmission() throws ErrnoException {
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
+            int errno = runDatagramCheck(network.getNetworkHandle());
+            if (errno != 0) {
+                throw new ErrnoException(
+                        "DatagramCheck on " + mCM.getNetworkInfo(network), -errno);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testNoSuchNetwork() {
+        final Network eNoNet = new Network(54321);
+        assertNull(mCM.getNetworkInfo(eNoNet));
+
+        final long eNoNetHandle = eNoNet.getNetworkHandle();
+        assertEquals(-OsConstants.ENONET, runSetsocknetwork(eNoNetHandle));
+        assertEquals(-OsConstants.ENONET, runSetprocnetwork(eNoNetHandle));
+        // TODO: correct test permissions so this call is not silently re-mapped
+        // to query on the default network.
+        // assertEquals(-OsConstants.ENONET, runGetaddrinfoCheck(eNoNetHandle));
+    }
+
+    public void testNetworkHandle() {
+        // Test Network -> NetworkHandle -> Network results in the same Network.
+        for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
+            long networkHandle = network.getNetworkHandle();
+            Network newNetwork = Network.fromNetworkHandle(networkHandle);
+            assertEquals(newNetwork, network);
+        }
+
+        // Test that only obfuscated handles are allowed.
+        try {
+            Network.fromNetworkHandle(100);
+            fail();
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {}
+        try {
+            Network.fromNetworkHandle(-1);
+            fail();
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {}
+        try {
+            Network.fromNetworkHandle(0);
+            fail();
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {}
+    }
+
+    public void testResNApi() throws Exception {
+        final Network[] testNetworks = getTestableNetworks();
+
+        for (Network network : testNetworks) {
+            // Throws AssertionError directly in jni function if test fail.
+            runResNqueryCheck(network.getNetworkHandle());
+            runResNsendCheck(network.getNetworkHandle());
+            runResNcancelCheck(network.getNetworkHandle());
+            runResNapiMalformedCheck(network.getNetworkHandle());
+
+            final NetworkCapabilities nc = mCM.getNetworkCapabilities(network);
+            // Some cellular networks configure their DNS servers never to return NXDOMAIN, so don't
+            // test NXDOMAIN on these DNS servers.
+            // b/144521720
+            if (nc != null && !nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)) {
+                runResNnxDomainCheck(network.getNetworkHandle());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS permission can't be granted to instant apps")
+    public void testResNApiNXDomainPrivateDns() throws InterruptedException {
+        mCtsNetUtils.storePrivateDnsSetting();
+        // Enable private DNS strict mode and set server to dns.google before doing NxDomain test.
+        // b/144521720
+        try {
+            mCtsNetUtils.setPrivateDnsStrictMode(GOOGLE_PRIVATE_DNS_SERVER);
+            for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
+              // Wait for private DNS setting to propagate.
+              mCtsNetUtils.awaitPrivateDnsSetting("NxDomain test wait private DNS setting timeout",
+                        network, GOOGLE_PRIVATE_DNS_SERVER, true);
+              runResNnxDomainCheck(network.getNetworkHandle());
+            }
+        } finally {
+            mCtsNetUtils.restorePrivateDnsSetting();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..53b00db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,1287 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net.cts
+
+import android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS
+import android.app.Instrumentation
+import android.content.Context
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager
+import android.net.EthernetNetworkSpecifier
+import android.net.INetworkAgent
+import android.net.INetworkAgentRegistry
+import android.net.InetAddresses
+import android.net.IpPrefix
+import android.net.LinkAddress
+import android.net.LinkProperties
+import android.net.NattKeepalivePacketData
+import android.net.Network
+import android.net.NetworkAgent
+import android.net.NetworkAgentConfig
+import android.net.NetworkAgent.INVALID_NETWORK
+import android.net.NetworkAgent.VALID_NETWORK
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN
+import android.net.NetworkInfo
+import android.net.NetworkProvider
+import android.net.NetworkReleasedException
+import android.net.NetworkRequest
+import android.net.NetworkScore
+import android.net.RouteInfo
+import android.net.QosCallback
+import android.net.QosCallbackException
+import android.net.QosCallback.QosCallbackRegistrationException
+import android.net.QosSession
+import android.net.QosSessionAttributes
+import android.net.QosSocketInfo
+import android.net.SocketKeepalive
+import android.net.Uri
+import android.net.VpnManager
+import android.net.VpnTransportInfo
+import android.net.cts.NetworkAgentTest.TestableQosCallback.CallbackEntry.OnError
+import android.net.cts.NetworkAgentTest.TestableQosCallback.CallbackEntry.OnQosSessionAvailable
+import android.net.cts.NetworkAgentTest.TestableQosCallback.CallbackEntry.OnQosSessionLost
+import android.os.Build
+import android.os.Handler
+import android.os.HandlerThread
+import android.os.Message
+import android.os.SystemClock
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager
+import android.telephony.data.EpsBearerQosSessionAttributes
+import android.util.DebugUtils.valueToString
+import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.runWithShellPermissionIdentity
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.ThrowingSupplier
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel
+import com.android.net.module.util.ArrayTrackRecord
+import com.android.testutils.CompatUtil
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.Available
+import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.BlockedStatus
+import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.LinkPropertiesChanged
+import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.Losing
+import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.Lost
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent.CallbackEntry.OnAddKeepalivePacketFilter
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent.CallbackEntry.OnAutomaticReconnectDisabled
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent.CallbackEntry.OnBandwidthUpdateRequested
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent.CallbackEntry.OnNetworkCreated
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent.CallbackEntry.OnNetworkDestroyed
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent.CallbackEntry.OnNetworkUnwanted
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent.CallbackEntry.OnRegisterQosCallback
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent.CallbackEntry.OnRemoveKeepalivePacketFilter
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent.CallbackEntry.OnSaveAcceptUnvalidated
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent.CallbackEntry.OnStartSocketKeepalive
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent.CallbackEntry.OnStopSocketKeepalive
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent.CallbackEntry.OnUnregisterQosCallback
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent.CallbackEntry.OnValidationStatus
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
+import com.android.testutils.assertThrows
+import org.junit.After
+import org.junit.Assume.assumeFalse
+import org.junit.Before
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.argThat
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq
+import org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn
+import org.mockito.Mockito.mock
+import org.mockito.Mockito.timeout
+import org.mockito.Mockito.verify
+import java.io.IOException
+import java.net.DatagramSocket
+import java.net.InetAddress
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress
+import java.net.Socket
+import java.time.Duration
+import java.util.Arrays
+import java.util.UUID
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith
+import kotlin.test.assertFalse
+import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
+import kotlin.test.assertNull
+import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+import kotlin.test.fail
+
+// This test doesn't really have a constraint on how fast the methods should return. If it's
+// going to fail, it will simply wait forever, so setting a high timeout lowers the flake ratio
+// without affecting the run time of successful runs. Thus, set a very high timeout.
+private const val DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS = 5000L
+// When waiting for a NetworkCallback to determine there was no timeout, waiting is the
+// only possible thing (the relevant handler is the one in the real ConnectivityService,
+// and then there is the Binder call), so have a short timeout for this as it will be
+// exhausted every time.
+private const val NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT = 200L
+private const val WORSE_NETWORK_SCORE = 65
+private const val BETTER_NETWORK_SCORE = 75
+private const val FAKE_NET_ID = 1098
+private val instrumentation: Instrumentation
+    get() = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation()
+private val realContext: Context
+    get() = InstrumentationRegistry.getContext()
+private fun Message(what: Int, arg1: Int, arg2: Int, obj: Any?) = Message.obtain().also {
+    it.what = what
+    it.arg1 = arg1
+    it.arg2 = arg2
+    it.obj = obj
+}
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+// NetworkAgent is not updatable in R-, so this test does not need to be compatible with older
+// versions. NetworkAgent was also based on AsyncChannel before S so cannot be tested the same way.
+@IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+// NetworkAgent is updated as part of the connectivity module, and running NetworkAgent tests in MTS
+// for modules other than Connectivity does not provide much value. Only run them in connectivity
+// module MTS, so the tests only need to cover the case of an updated NetworkAgent.
+@ConnectivityModuleTest
+class NetworkAgentTest {
+    private val LOCAL_IPV4_ADDRESS = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.1")
+    private val REMOTE_IPV4_ADDRESS = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.2")
+
+    private val mCM = realContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager::class.java)!!
+    private val mHandlerThread = HandlerThread("${javaClass.simpleName} handler thread")
+    private val mFakeConnectivityService = FakeConnectivityService()
+    private val agentsToCleanUp = mutableListOf<NetworkAgent>()
+    private val callbacksToCleanUp = mutableListOf<TestableNetworkCallback>()
+    private var qosTestSocket: Socket? = null
+
+    @Before
+    fun setUp() {
+        instrumentation.getUiAutomation().adoptShellPermissionIdentity()
+        mHandlerThread.start()
+    }
+
+    @After
+    fun tearDown() {
+        agentsToCleanUp.forEach { it.unregister() }
+        callbacksToCleanUp.forEach { mCM.unregisterNetworkCallback(it) }
+        qosTestSocket?.close()
+        mHandlerThread.quitSafely()
+        instrumentation.getUiAutomation().dropShellPermissionIdentity()
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A fake that helps simulating ConnectivityService talking to a harnessed agent.
+     * This fake only supports speaking to one harnessed agent at a time because it
+     * only keeps track of one async channel.
+     */
+    private class FakeConnectivityService {
+        val mockRegistry = mock(INetworkAgentRegistry::class.java)
+        private var agentField: INetworkAgent? = null
+        private val registry = object : INetworkAgentRegistry.Stub(),
+                INetworkAgentRegistry by mockRegistry {
+            // asBinder has implementations in both INetworkAgentRegistry.Stub and mockRegistry, so
+            // it needs to be disambiguated. Just fail the test as it should be unused here.
+            // asBinder is used when sending the registry in binder transactions, so not in this
+            // test (the test just uses in-process direct calls). If it were used across processes,
+            // using the Stub super.asBinder() implementation would allow sending the registry in
+            // binder transactions, while recording incoming calls on the other mockito-generated
+            // methods.
+            override fun asBinder() = fail("asBinder should be unused in this test")
+        }
+
+        val agent: INetworkAgent
+            get() = agentField ?: fail("No INetworkAgent")
+
+        fun connect(agent: INetworkAgent) {
+            this.agentField = agent
+            agent.onRegistered(registry)
+        }
+
+        fun disconnect() = agent.onDisconnected()
+    }
+
+    private fun requestNetwork(request: NetworkRequest, callback: TestableNetworkCallback) {
+        mCM.requestNetwork(request, callback)
+        callbacksToCleanUp.add(callback)
+    }
+
+    private fun registerNetworkCallback(
+        request: NetworkRequest,
+        callback: TestableNetworkCallback
+    ) {
+        mCM.registerNetworkCallback(request, callback)
+        callbacksToCleanUp.add(callback)
+    }
+
+    private fun registerBestMatchingNetworkCallback(
+        request: NetworkRequest,
+        callback: TestableNetworkCallback,
+        handler: Handler
+    ) {
+        mCM!!.registerBestMatchingNetworkCallback(request, callback, handler)
+        callbacksToCleanUp.add(callback)
+    }
+
+    private fun makeTestNetworkRequest(specifier: String? = null): NetworkRequest {
+        return NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .clearCapabilities()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                .also {
+                    if (specifier != null) {
+                        it.setNetworkSpecifier(CompatUtil.makeEthernetNetworkSpecifier(specifier))
+                    }
+                }
+                .build()
+    }
+
+    private fun makeTestNetworkCapabilities(
+        specifier: String? = null,
+        transports: IntArray = intArrayOf()
+    ) = NetworkCapabilities().apply {
+        addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+        removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+        removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+        addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED)
+        addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING)
+        addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastS()) {
+            addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+        }
+        if (null != specifier) {
+            setNetworkSpecifier(CompatUtil.makeEthernetNetworkSpecifier(specifier))
+        }
+        for (t in transports) { addTransportType(t) }
+        // Most transports are not allowed on test networks unless the network is marked restricted.
+        // This test does not need
+        if (transports.size > 0) removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+    }
+
+    private fun createNetworkAgent(
+        context: Context = realContext,
+        specifier: String? = null,
+        initialNc: NetworkCapabilities? = null,
+        initialLp: LinkProperties? = null,
+        initialConfig: NetworkAgentConfig? = null
+    ): TestableNetworkAgent {
+        val nc = initialNc ?: makeTestNetworkCapabilities(specifier)
+        val lp = initialLp ?: LinkProperties().apply {
+            addLinkAddress(LinkAddress(LOCAL_IPV4_ADDRESS, 32))
+            addRoute(RouteInfo(IpPrefix("0.0.0.0/0"), null, null))
+        }
+        val config = initialConfig ?: NetworkAgentConfig.Builder().build()
+        return TestableNetworkAgent(context, mHandlerThread.looper, nc, lp, config).also {
+            agentsToCleanUp.add(it)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun createConnectedNetworkAgent(
+        context: Context = realContext,
+        specifier: String? = UUID.randomUUID().toString(),
+        initialConfig: NetworkAgentConfig? = null,
+        expectedInitSignalStrengthThresholds: IntArray? = intArrayOf(),
+        transports: IntArray = intArrayOf()
+    ): Pair<TestableNetworkAgent, TestableNetworkCallback> {
+        val callback = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        // Ensure this NetworkAgent is never unneeded by filing a request with its specifier.
+        requestNetwork(makeTestNetworkRequest(specifier = specifier), callback)
+        val nc = makeTestNetworkCapabilities(specifier, transports)
+        val agent = createNetworkAgent(context, initialConfig = initialConfig, initialNc = nc)
+        agent.setTeardownDelayMillis(0)
+        // Connect the agent and verify initial status callbacks.
+        agent.register()
+        agent.markConnected()
+        agent.expectCallback<OnNetworkCreated>()
+        agent.expectSignalStrengths(expectedInitSignalStrengthThresholds)
+        agent.expectValidationBypassedStatus()
+        callback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(agent.network!!)
+        return agent to callback
+    }
+
+    private fun connectNetwork(vararg transports: Int): Pair<TestableNetworkAgent, Network> {
+        val (agent, callback) = createConnectedNetworkAgent(transports = transports)
+        val network = agent.network!!
+        // createConnectedNetworkAgent internally files a request; release it so that the network
+        // will be torn down if unneeded.
+        mCM.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback)
+        return agent to network
+    }
+
+    private fun createNetworkAgentWithFakeCS() = createNetworkAgent().also {
+        mFakeConnectivityService.connect(it.registerForTest(Network(FAKE_NET_ID)))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testSetSubtypeNameAndExtraInfoByAgentConfig() {
+        val subtypeLTE = TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE
+        val subtypeNameLTE = "LTE"
+        val legacyExtraInfo = "mylegacyExtraInfo"
+        val config = NetworkAgentConfig.Builder()
+                .setLegacySubType(subtypeLTE)
+                .setLegacySubTypeName(subtypeNameLTE)
+                .setLegacyExtraInfo(legacyExtraInfo).build()
+        val (agent, callback) = createConnectedNetworkAgent(initialConfig = config)
+        val networkInfo = mCM.getNetworkInfo(agent.network)
+        assertEquals(subtypeLTE, networkInfo.getSubtype())
+        assertEquals(subtypeNameLTE, networkInfo.getSubtypeName())
+        assertEquals(legacyExtraInfo, config.getLegacyExtraInfo())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testSetLegacySubtypeInNetworkAgent() {
+        val subtypeLTE = TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE
+        val subtypeUMTS = TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS
+        val subtypeNameLTE = "LTE"
+        val subtypeNameUMTS = "UMTS"
+        val config = NetworkAgentConfig.Builder()
+                .setLegacySubType(subtypeLTE)
+                .setLegacySubTypeName(subtypeNameLTE).build()
+        val (agent, callback) = createConnectedNetworkAgent(initialConfig = config)
+            agent.setLegacySubtype(subtypeUMTS, subtypeNameUMTS)
+
+            // There is no callback when networkInfo changes,
+            // so use the NetworkCapabilities callback to ensure
+            // that networkInfo is ready for verification.
+            val nc = NetworkCapabilities(agent.nc)
+            nc.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
+            agent.sendNetworkCapabilities(nc)
+            callback.expectCapabilitiesThat(agent.network) {
+                it.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
+            }
+            val networkInfo = mCM.getNetworkInfo(agent.network)
+            assertEquals(subtypeUMTS, networkInfo.getSubtype())
+            assertEquals(subtypeNameUMTS, networkInfo.getSubtypeName())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testConnectAndUnregister() {
+        val (agent, callback) = createConnectedNetworkAgent()
+        unregister(agent)
+        callback.expectCallback<Lost>(agent.network!!)
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalStateException>("Must not be able to register an agent twice") {
+            agent.register()
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testOnBandwidthUpdateRequested() {
+        val (agent, _) = createConnectedNetworkAgent()
+        mCM.requestBandwidthUpdate(agent.network!!)
+        agent.expectCallback<OnBandwidthUpdateRequested>()
+        unregister(agent)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testSignalStrengthThresholds() {
+        val thresholds = intArrayOf(30, 50, 65)
+        val callbacks = thresholds.map { strength ->
+            val request = NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                    .clearCapabilities()
+                    .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                    .setSignalStrength(strength)
+                    .build()
+            TestableNetworkCallback(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS).also {
+                registerNetworkCallback(request, it)
+            }
+        }
+        createConnectedNetworkAgent(expectedInitSignalStrengthThresholds = thresholds).let {
+            (agent, callback) ->
+            // Send signal strength and check that the callbacks are called appropriately.
+            val nc = NetworkCapabilities(agent.nc)
+            nc.setSignalStrength(20)
+            agent.sendNetworkCapabilities(nc)
+            callbacks.forEach { it.assertNoCallback(NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT) }
+
+            nc.setSignalStrength(40)
+            agent.sendNetworkCapabilities(nc)
+            callbacks[0].expectAvailableCallbacks(agent.network!!)
+            callbacks[1].assertNoCallback(NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT)
+            callbacks[2].assertNoCallback(NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT)
+
+            nc.setSignalStrength(80)
+            agent.sendNetworkCapabilities(nc)
+            callbacks[0].expectCapabilitiesThat(agent.network!!) { it.signalStrength == 80 }
+            callbacks[1].expectAvailableCallbacks(agent.network!!)
+            callbacks[2].expectAvailableCallbacks(agent.network!!)
+
+            nc.setSignalStrength(55)
+            agent.sendNetworkCapabilities(nc)
+            callbacks[0].expectCapabilitiesThat(agent.network!!) { it.signalStrength == 55 }
+            callbacks[1].expectCapabilitiesThat(agent.network!!) { it.signalStrength == 55 }
+            callbacks[2].expectCallback<Lost>(agent.network!!)
+        }
+        callbacks.forEach {
+            mCM.unregisterNetworkCallback(it)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testSocketKeepalive(): Unit = createNetworkAgentWithFakeCS().let { agent ->
+        val packet = NattKeepalivePacketData(
+                LOCAL_IPV4_ADDRESS /* srcAddress */, 1234 /* srcPort */,
+                REMOTE_IPV4_ADDRESS /* dstAddress */, 4567 /* dstPort */,
+                ByteArray(100 /* size */))
+        val slot = 4
+        val interval = 37
+
+        mFakeConnectivityService.agent.onAddNattKeepalivePacketFilter(slot, packet)
+        mFakeConnectivityService.agent.onStartNattSocketKeepalive(slot, interval, packet)
+
+        agent.expectCallback<OnAddKeepalivePacketFilter>().let {
+            assertEquals(it.slot, slot)
+            assertEquals(it.packet, packet)
+        }
+        agent.expectCallback<OnStartSocketKeepalive>().let {
+            assertEquals(it.slot, slot)
+            assertEquals(it.interval, interval)
+            assertEquals(it.packet, packet)
+        }
+
+        agent.assertNoCallback()
+
+        // Check that when the agent sends a keepalive event, ConnectivityService receives the
+        // expected message.
+        agent.sendSocketKeepaliveEvent(slot, SocketKeepalive.ERROR_UNSUPPORTED)
+        verify(mFakeConnectivityService.mockRegistry, timeout(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS))
+                .sendSocketKeepaliveEvent(slot, SocketKeepalive.ERROR_UNSUPPORTED)
+
+        mFakeConnectivityService.agent.onStopSocketKeepalive(slot)
+        mFakeConnectivityService.agent.onRemoveKeepalivePacketFilter(slot)
+        agent.expectCallback<OnStopSocketKeepalive>().let {
+            assertEquals(it.slot, slot)
+        }
+        agent.expectCallback<OnRemoveKeepalivePacketFilter>().let {
+            assertEquals(it.slot, slot)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testSendUpdates(): Unit = createConnectedNetworkAgent().let { (agent, callback) ->
+        val ifaceName = "adhocIface"
+        val lp = LinkProperties(agent.lp)
+        lp.setInterfaceName(ifaceName)
+        agent.sendLinkProperties(lp)
+        callback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(agent.network!!) {
+            it.getInterfaceName() == ifaceName
+        }
+        val nc = NetworkCapabilities(agent.nc)
+        nc.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
+        agent.sendNetworkCapabilities(nc)
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesThat(agent.network!!) {
+            it.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun ncWithAllowedUids(vararg uids: Int) = NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                .setAllowedUids(uids.toSet()).build()
+
+    @Test
+    fun testRejectedUpdates() {
+        val callback = TestableNetworkCallback(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        // will be cleaned up in tearDown
+        registerNetworkCallback(makeTestNetworkRequest(), callback)
+        val agent = createNetworkAgent(initialNc = ncWithAllowedUids(200))
+        agent.register()
+        agent.markConnected()
+
+        // Make sure the UIDs have been ignored.
+        callback.expectCallback<Available>(agent.network!!)
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesThat(agent.network!!) {
+            it.allowedUids.isEmpty() && !it.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED)
+        }
+        callback.expectCallback<LinkPropertiesChanged>(agent.network!!)
+        callback.expectCallback<BlockedStatus>(agent.network!!)
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesThat(agent.network!!) {
+            it.allowedUids.isEmpty() && it.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED)
+        }
+        callback.assertNoCallback(NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT)
+
+        // Make sure that the UIDs are also ignored upon update
+        agent.sendNetworkCapabilities(ncWithAllowedUids(200, 300))
+        callback.assertNoCallback(NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testSendScore() {
+        // This test will create two networks and check that the one with the stronger
+        // score wins out for a request that matches them both.
+
+        // File the interesting request
+        val callback = TestableNetworkCallback(timeoutMs = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        requestNetwork(makeTestNetworkRequest(), callback)
+
+        // Connect the first Network, with an unused callback that kept the network up.
+        val (agent1, _) = createConnectedNetworkAgent()
+        callback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(agent1.network!!)
+        // If using the int ranking, agent1 must be upgraded to a better score so that there is
+        // no ambiguity when agent2 connects that agent1 is still better. If using policy
+        // ranking, this is not necessary.
+        agent1.sendNetworkScore(NetworkScore.Builder().setLegacyInt(BETTER_NETWORK_SCORE)
+                .build())
+
+        // Connect the second agent.
+        val (agent2, _) = createConnectedNetworkAgent()
+        // The callback should not see anything yet. With int ranking, agent1 was upgraded
+        // to a stronger score beforehand. With policy ranking, agent1 is preferred by
+        // virtue of already satisfying the request.
+        callback.assertNoCallback(NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT)
+        // Now downgrade the score and expect the callback now prefers agent2
+        agent1.sendNetworkScore(NetworkScore.Builder()
+                .setLegacyInt(WORSE_NETWORK_SCORE)
+                .setExiting(true)
+                .build())
+        callback.expectCallback<Available>(agent2.network!!)
+
+        // tearDown() will unregister the requests and agents
+    }
+
+    private fun hasAllTransports(nc: NetworkCapabilities?, transports: IntArray) =
+            nc != null && transports.all { nc.hasTransport(it) }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    fun testSetUnderlyingNetworksAndVpnSpecifier() {
+        val mySessionId = "MySession12345"
+        val request = NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_VPN)
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED) // TODO: add to VPN!
+                .build()
+        val callback = TestableNetworkCallback(timeoutMs = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        registerNetworkCallback(request, callback)
+
+        val nc = NetworkCapabilities().apply {
+            addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+            addTransportType(TRANSPORT_VPN)
+            removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
+            setTransportInfo(VpnTransportInfo(VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE, mySessionId))
+            if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastS()) {
+                addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+            }
+        }
+        val defaultNetwork = mCM.activeNetwork
+        assertNotNull(defaultNetwork)
+        val defaultNetworkCapabilities = mCM.getNetworkCapabilities(defaultNetwork)
+        val defaultNetworkTransports = defaultNetworkCapabilities.transportTypes
+
+        val agent = createNetworkAgent(initialNc = nc)
+        agent.register()
+        agent.markConnected()
+        callback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(agent.network!!)
+
+        // Check that the default network's transport is propagated to the VPN.
+        var vpnNc = mCM.getNetworkCapabilities(agent.network!!)
+        assertNotNull(vpnNc)
+        assertEquals(VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE,
+                (vpnNc.transportInfo as VpnTransportInfo).type)
+        assertEquals(mySessionId, (vpnNc.transportInfo as VpnTransportInfo).sessionId)
+
+        val testAndVpn = intArrayOf(TRANSPORT_TEST, TRANSPORT_VPN)
+        assertTrue(hasAllTransports(vpnNc, testAndVpn))
+        assertFalse(vpnNc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN))
+        assertTrue(hasAllTransports(vpnNc, defaultNetworkTransports),
+                "VPN transports ${Arrays.toString(vpnNc.transportTypes)}" +
+                        " lacking transports from ${Arrays.toString(defaultNetworkTransports)}")
+
+        // Check that when no underlying networks are announced the underlying transport disappears.
+        agent.setUnderlyingNetworks(listOf<Network>())
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesThat(agent.network!!) {
+            it.transportTypes.size == 2 && hasAllTransports(it, testAndVpn)
+        }
+
+        // Put the underlying network back and check that the underlying transport reappears.
+        val expectedTransports = (defaultNetworkTransports.toSet() + TRANSPORT_TEST + TRANSPORT_VPN)
+                .toIntArray()
+        agent.setUnderlyingNetworks(null)
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesThat(agent.network!!) {
+            it.transportTypes.size == expectedTransports.size &&
+                    hasAllTransports(it, expectedTransports)
+        }
+
+        // Check that some underlying capabilities are propagated.
+        // This is not very accurate because the test does not control the capabilities of the
+        // underlying networks, and because not congested, not roaming, and not suspended are the
+        // default anyway. It's still useful as an extra check though.
+        vpnNc = mCM.getNetworkCapabilities(agent.network!!)
+        for (cap in listOf(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED,
+                NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING,
+                NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED)) {
+            val capStr = valueToString(NetworkCapabilities::class.java, "NET_CAPABILITY_", cap)
+            if (defaultNetworkCapabilities.hasCapability(cap) && !vpnNc.hasCapability(cap)) {
+                fail("$capStr not propagated from underlying: $defaultNetworkCapabilities")
+            }
+        }
+
+        unregister(agent)
+        callback.expectCallback<Lost>(agent.network!!)
+    }
+
+    private fun unregister(agent: TestableNetworkAgent) {
+        agent.unregister()
+        agent.eventuallyExpect<OnNetworkUnwanted>()
+        agent.eventuallyExpect<OnNetworkDestroyed>()
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    fun testAgentStartsInConnecting() {
+        val mockContext = mock(Context::class.java)
+        val mockCm = mock(ConnectivityManager::class.java)
+        doReturn(mockCm).`when`(mockContext).getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE)
+        val agent = createNetworkAgent(mockContext)
+        agent.register()
+        verify(mockCm).registerNetworkAgent(any(),
+                argThat<NetworkInfo> { it.detailedState == NetworkInfo.DetailedState.CONNECTING },
+                any(LinkProperties::class.java),
+                any(NetworkCapabilities::class.java),
+                any(NetworkScore::class.java),
+                any(NetworkAgentConfig::class.java),
+                eq(NetworkProvider.ID_NONE))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testSetAcceptUnvalidated() {
+        createNetworkAgentWithFakeCS().let { agent ->
+            mFakeConnectivityService.agent.onSaveAcceptUnvalidated(true)
+            agent.expectCallback<OnSaveAcceptUnvalidated>().let {
+                assertTrue(it.accept)
+            }
+            agent.assertNoCallback()
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testSetAcceptUnvalidatedPreventAutomaticReconnect() {
+        createNetworkAgentWithFakeCS().let { agent ->
+            mFakeConnectivityService.agent.onSaveAcceptUnvalidated(false)
+            mFakeConnectivityService.agent.onPreventAutomaticReconnect()
+            agent.expectCallback<OnSaveAcceptUnvalidated>().let {
+                assertFalse(it.accept)
+            }
+            agent.expectCallback<OnAutomaticReconnectDisabled>()
+            agent.assertNoCallback()
+            // When automatic reconnect is turned off, the network is torn down and
+            // ConnectivityService disconnects. As part of the disconnect, ConnectivityService will
+            // also send itself a message to unregister the NetworkAgent from its internal
+            // structure.
+            mFakeConnectivityService.disconnect()
+            agent.expectCallback<OnNetworkUnwanted>()
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testPreventAutomaticReconnect() {
+        createNetworkAgentWithFakeCS().let { agent ->
+            mFakeConnectivityService.agent.onPreventAutomaticReconnect()
+            agent.expectCallback<OnAutomaticReconnectDisabled>()
+            agent.assertNoCallback()
+            mFakeConnectivityService.disconnect()
+            agent.expectCallback<OnNetworkUnwanted>()
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testValidationStatus() = createNetworkAgentWithFakeCS().let { agent ->
+        val uri = Uri.parse("http://www.google.com")
+        mFakeConnectivityService.agent.onValidationStatusChanged(VALID_NETWORK,
+                uri.toString())
+        agent.expectCallback<OnValidationStatus>().let {
+            assertEquals(it.status, VALID_NETWORK)
+            assertEquals(it.uri, uri)
+        }
+
+        mFakeConnectivityService.agent.onValidationStatusChanged(INVALID_NETWORK, null)
+        agent.expectCallback<OnValidationStatus>().let {
+            assertEquals(it.status, INVALID_NETWORK)
+            assertNull(it.uri)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testTemporarilyUnmeteredCapability() {
+        // This test will create a networks with/without NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED
+        // and check that the callback reflects the capability changes.
+
+        // Connect the network
+        val (agent, callback) = createConnectedNetworkAgent()
+
+        // Send TEMP_NOT_METERED and check that the callback is called appropriately.
+        val nc1 = NetworkCapabilities(agent.nc)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED)
+        agent.sendNetworkCapabilities(nc1)
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesThat(agent.network!!) {
+            it.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED)
+        }
+
+        // Remove TEMP_NOT_METERED and check that the callback is called appropriately.
+        val nc2 = NetworkCapabilities(agent.nc)
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED)
+        agent.sendNetworkCapabilities(nc2)
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesThat(agent.network!!) {
+            !it.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED)
+        }
+
+        // tearDown() will unregister the requests and agents
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    fun testSetLingerDuration() {
+        // This test will create two networks and check that the one with the stronger
+        // score wins out for a request that matches them both. And the weaker agent will
+        // be disconnected after customized linger duration.
+
+        // Request the first Network, with a request that could moved to agentStronger in order to
+        // make agentWeaker linger later.
+        val specifierWeaker = UUID.randomUUID().toString()
+        val specifierStronger = UUID.randomUUID().toString()
+        val commonCallback = TestableNetworkCallback(timeoutMs = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        requestNetwork(makeTestNetworkRequest(), commonCallback)
+        val agentWeaker = createNetworkAgent(specifier = specifierWeaker)
+        agentWeaker.register()
+        agentWeaker.markConnected()
+        commonCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(agentWeaker.network!!)
+        // Downgrade agentWeaker to a worse score so that there is no ambiguity when
+        // agentStronger connects.
+        agentWeaker.sendNetworkScore(NetworkScore.Builder().setLegacyInt(WORSE_NETWORK_SCORE)
+                .setExiting(true).build())
+
+        // Verify invalid linger duration cannot be set.
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
+            agentWeaker.setLingerDuration(Duration.ofMillis(-1))
+        }
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> { agentWeaker.setLingerDuration(Duration.ZERO) }
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
+            agentWeaker.setLingerDuration(Duration.ofMillis(Integer.MIN_VALUE.toLong()))
+        }
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
+            agentWeaker.setLingerDuration(Duration.ofMillis(Integer.MAX_VALUE.toLong() + 1))
+        }
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
+            agentWeaker.setLingerDuration(Duration.ofMillis(
+                    NetworkAgent.MIN_LINGER_TIMER_MS.toLong() - 1))
+        }
+        // Verify valid linger timer can be set, but it should not take effect since the network
+        // is still needed.
+        agentWeaker.setLingerDuration(Duration.ofMillis(Integer.MAX_VALUE.toLong()))
+        commonCallback.assertNoCallback(NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT)
+        // Set to the value we want to verify the functionality.
+        agentWeaker.setLingerDuration(Duration.ofMillis(NetworkAgent.MIN_LINGER_TIMER_MS.toLong()))
+        // Make a listener which can observe agentWeaker lost later.
+        val callbackWeaker = TestableNetworkCallback(timeoutMs = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        registerNetworkCallback(NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .clearCapabilities()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(CompatUtil.makeEthernetNetworkSpecifier(specifierWeaker))
+                .build(), callbackWeaker)
+        callbackWeaker.expectAvailableCallbacks(agentWeaker.network!!)
+
+        // Connect the agentStronger with a score better than agentWeaker. Verify the callback for
+        // agentWeaker sees the linger expiry while the callback for both sees the winner.
+        // Record linger start timestamp prior to send score to prevent possible race, the actual
+        // timestamp should be slightly late than this since the service handles update
+        // network score asynchronously.
+        val lingerStart = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime()
+        val agentStronger = createNetworkAgent(specifier = specifierStronger)
+        agentStronger.register()
+        agentStronger.markConnected()
+        commonCallback.expectAvailableCallbacks(agentStronger.network!!)
+        callbackWeaker.expectCallback<Losing>(agentWeaker.network!!)
+        val expectedRemainingLingerDuration = lingerStart +
+                NetworkAgent.MIN_LINGER_TIMER_MS.toLong() - SystemClock.elapsedRealtime()
+        // If the available callback is too late. The remaining duration will be reduced.
+        assertTrue(expectedRemainingLingerDuration > 0,
+                "expected remaining linger duration is $expectedRemainingLingerDuration")
+        callbackWeaker.assertNoCallback(expectedRemainingLingerDuration)
+        callbackWeaker.expectCallback<Lost>(agentWeaker.network!!)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    fun testSetSubscriberId() {
+        val imsi = UUID.randomUUID().toString()
+        val config = NetworkAgentConfig.Builder().setSubscriberId(imsi).build()
+
+        val (agent, _) = createConnectedNetworkAgent(initialConfig = config)
+        val snapshots = runWithShellPermissionIdentity(ThrowingSupplier {
+                mCM!!.allNetworkStateSnapshots }, NETWORK_SETTINGS)
+        val testNetworkSnapshot = snapshots.findLast { it.network == agent.network }
+        assertEquals(imsi, testNetworkSnapshot!!.subscriberId)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    // TODO: Refactor helper functions to util class and move this test case to
+    //  {@link android.net.cts.ConnectivityManagerTest}.
+    fun testRegisterBestMatchingNetworkCallback() {
+        // Register best matching network callback with additional condition that will be
+        // exercised later. This assumes the test network agent has NOT_VCN_MANAGED in it and
+        // does not have NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED.
+        val bestMatchingCb = TestableNetworkCallback(timeoutMs = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        registerBestMatchingNetworkCallback(NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .clearCapabilities()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+                .build(), bestMatchingCb, mHandlerThread.threadHandler)
+
+        val (agent1, _) = createConnectedNetworkAgent(specifier = "AGENT-1")
+        bestMatchingCb.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(agent1.network!!)
+        // Make agent1 worse so when agent2 shows up, the callback will see that.
+        agent1.sendNetworkScore(NetworkScore.Builder().setExiting(true).build())
+        bestMatchingCb.assertNoCallback(NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT)
+
+        val (agent2, _) = createConnectedNetworkAgent(specifier = "AGENT-2")
+        bestMatchingCb.expectAvailableDoubleValidatedCallbacks(agent2.network!!)
+
+        // Change something on agent1 to trigger capabilities changed, since the callback
+        // only cares about the best network, verify it received nothing from agent1.
+        val ncAgent1 = agent1.nc
+        ncAgent1.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED)
+        agent1.sendNetworkCapabilities(ncAgent1)
+        bestMatchingCb.assertNoCallback(NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT)
+
+        // Make agent1 the best network again, verify the callback now tracks agent1.
+        agent1.sendNetworkScore(NetworkScore.Builder()
+                .setExiting(false).setTransportPrimary(true).build())
+        bestMatchingCb.expectAvailableCallbacks(agent1.network!!)
+
+        // Make agent1 temporary vcn managed, which will not satisfying the request.
+        // Verify the callback switch from/to the other network accordingly.
+        ncAgent1.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+        agent1.sendNetworkCapabilities(ncAgent1)
+        bestMatchingCb.expectAvailableCallbacks(agent2.network!!)
+        ncAgent1.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+        agent1.sendNetworkCapabilities(ncAgent1)
+        bestMatchingCb.expectAvailableDoubleValidatedCallbacks(agent1.network!!)
+
+        // Verify the callback doesn't care about agent2 disconnect.
+        agent2.unregister()
+        agentsToCleanUp.remove(agent2)
+        bestMatchingCb.assertNoCallback()
+        agent1.unregister()
+        agentsToCleanUp.remove(agent1)
+        bestMatchingCb.expectCallback<Lost>(agent1.network!!)
+
+        // tearDown() will unregister the requests and agents
+    }
+
+    private class TestableQosCallback : QosCallback() {
+        val history = ArrayTrackRecord<CallbackEntry>().newReadHead()
+
+        sealed class CallbackEntry {
+            data class OnQosSessionAvailable(val sess: QosSession, val attr: QosSessionAttributes)
+                : CallbackEntry()
+            data class OnQosSessionLost(val sess: QosSession)
+                : CallbackEntry()
+            data class OnError(val ex: QosCallbackException)
+                : CallbackEntry()
+        }
+
+        override fun onQosSessionAvailable(sess: QosSession, attr: QosSessionAttributes) {
+            history.add(OnQosSessionAvailable(sess, attr))
+        }
+
+        override fun onQosSessionLost(sess: QosSession) {
+            history.add(OnQosSessionLost(sess))
+        }
+
+        override fun onError(ex: QosCallbackException) {
+            history.add(OnError(ex))
+        }
+
+        inline fun <reified T : CallbackEntry> expectCallback(): T {
+            val foundCallback = history.poll(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS)
+            assertTrue(foundCallback is T, "Expected ${T::class} but found $foundCallback")
+            return foundCallback
+        }
+
+        inline fun <reified T : CallbackEntry> expectCallback(valid: (T) -> Boolean) {
+            val foundCallback = history.poll(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS)
+            assertTrue(foundCallback is T, "Expected ${T::class} but found $foundCallback")
+            assertTrue(valid(foundCallback), "Unexpected callback : $foundCallback")
+        }
+
+        fun assertNoCallback() {
+            assertNull(history.poll(NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT),
+                    "Callback received")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun setupForQosCallbackTesting(): Pair<TestableNetworkAgent, Socket> {
+        val request = NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .clearCapabilities()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                .build()
+
+        val callback = TestableNetworkCallback(timeoutMs = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        requestNetwork(request, callback)
+        val (agent, _) = createConnectedNetworkAgent()
+
+        qosTestSocket = assertNotNull(agent.network?.socketFactory?.createSocket()).also {
+            it.bind(InetSocketAddress(InetAddress.getLoopbackAddress(), 0))
+        }
+        return Pair(agent, qosTestSocket!!)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testQosCallbackRegisterWithUnregister() {
+        // Instant apps can't bind sockets to localhost
+        // TODO: use @AppModeFull when supported by DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+        assumeFalse(realContext.packageManager.isInstantApp())
+        val (agent, socket) = setupForQosCallbackTesting()
+
+        val qosCallback = TestableQosCallback()
+        var callbackId = -1
+        Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor().let { executor ->
+            try {
+                val info = QosSocketInfo(agent.network!!, socket)
+                mCM.registerQosCallback(info, executor, qosCallback)
+                callbackId = agent.expectCallback<OnRegisterQosCallback>().callbackId
+
+                assertFailsWith<QosCallbackRegistrationException>(
+                        "The same callback cannot be " +
+                        "registered more than once without first being unregistered") {
+                    mCM.registerQosCallback(info, executor, qosCallback)
+                }
+            } finally {
+                socket.close()
+                mCM.unregisterQosCallback(qosCallback)
+                agent.expectCallback<OnUnregisterQosCallback> { it.callbackId == callbackId }
+                executor.shutdown()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testQosCallbackOnQosSession() {
+        // Instant apps can't bind sockets to localhost
+        // TODO: use @AppModeFull when supported by DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+        assumeFalse(realContext.packageManager.isInstantApp())
+        val (agent, socket) = setupForQosCallbackTesting()
+        val qosCallback = TestableQosCallback()
+        Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor().let { executor ->
+            try {
+                val info = QosSocketInfo(agent.network!!, socket)
+                assertEquals(agent.network, info.getNetwork())
+                mCM.registerQosCallback(info, executor, qosCallback)
+                val callbackId = agent.expectCallback<OnRegisterQosCallback>().callbackId
+
+                val uniqueSessionId = 4294967397
+                val sessId = 101
+
+                val attributes = createEpsAttributes(5)
+                assertEquals(attributes.qosIdentifier, 5)
+                agent.sendQosSessionAvailable(callbackId, sessId, attributes)
+                qosCallback.expectCallback<OnQosSessionAvailable> {
+                            it.sess.sessionId == sessId && it.sess.uniqueId == uniqueSessionId &&
+                                it.sess.sessionType == QosSession.TYPE_EPS_BEARER
+                        }
+
+                agent.sendQosSessionLost(callbackId, sessId, QosSession.TYPE_EPS_BEARER)
+                qosCallback.expectCallback<OnQosSessionLost> {
+                            it.sess.sessionId == sessId && it.sess.uniqueId == uniqueSessionId &&
+                                it.sess.sessionType == QosSession.TYPE_EPS_BEARER
+                        }
+
+                // Make sure that we don't get more qos callbacks
+                mCM.unregisterQosCallback(qosCallback)
+                agent.expectCallback<OnUnregisterQosCallback>()
+
+                agent.sendQosSessionLost(callbackId, sessId, QosSession.TYPE_EPS_BEARER)
+                qosCallback.assertNoCallback()
+            } finally {
+                socket.close()
+
+                // safety precaution
+                mCM.unregisterQosCallback(qosCallback)
+
+                executor.shutdown()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testQosCallbackOnError() {
+        // Instant apps can't bind sockets to localhost
+        // TODO: use @AppModeFull when supported by DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+        assumeFalse(realContext.packageManager.isInstantApp())
+        val (agent, socket) = setupForQosCallbackTesting()
+        val qosCallback = TestableQosCallback()
+        Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor().let { executor ->
+            try {
+                val info = QosSocketInfo(agent.network!!, socket)
+                mCM.registerQosCallback(info, executor, qosCallback)
+                val callbackId = agent.expectCallback<OnRegisterQosCallback>().callbackId
+
+                val sessId = 101
+                val attributes = createEpsAttributes()
+
+                // Double check that this is wired up and ready to go
+                agent.sendQosSessionAvailable(callbackId, sessId, attributes)
+                qosCallback.expectCallback<OnQosSessionAvailable>()
+
+                // Check that onError is coming through correctly
+                agent.sendQosCallbackError(callbackId,
+                        QosCallbackException.EX_TYPE_FILTER_NOT_SUPPORTED)
+                qosCallback.expectCallback<OnError> {
+                    it.ex.cause is UnsupportedOperationException
+                }
+
+                // Ensure that when an error occurs the callback was also unregistered
+                agent.sendQosSessionLost(callbackId, sessId, QosSession.TYPE_EPS_BEARER)
+                qosCallback.assertNoCallback()
+            } finally {
+                socket.close()
+
+                // Make sure that the callback is fully unregistered
+                mCM.unregisterQosCallback(qosCallback)
+
+                executor.shutdown()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testQosCallbackIdsAreMappedCorrectly() {
+        // Instant apps can't bind sockets to localhost
+        // TODO: use @AppModeFull when supported by DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+        assumeFalse(realContext.packageManager.isInstantApp())
+        val (agent, socket) = setupForQosCallbackTesting()
+        val qosCallback1 = TestableQosCallback()
+        val qosCallback2 = TestableQosCallback()
+        Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor().let { executor ->
+            try {
+                val info = QosSocketInfo(agent.network!!, socket)
+                mCM.registerQosCallback(info, executor, qosCallback1)
+                val callbackId1 = agent.expectCallback<OnRegisterQosCallback>().callbackId
+
+                mCM.registerQosCallback(info, executor, qosCallback2)
+                val callbackId2 = agent.expectCallback<OnRegisterQosCallback>().callbackId
+
+                val sessId1 = 101
+                val attributes1 = createEpsAttributes(1)
+
+                // Check #1
+                agent.sendQosSessionAvailable(callbackId1, sessId1, attributes1)
+                qosCallback1.expectCallback<OnQosSessionAvailable>()
+                qosCallback2.assertNoCallback()
+
+                // Check #2
+                val sessId2 = 102
+                val attributes2 = createEpsAttributes(2)
+                agent.sendQosSessionAvailable(callbackId2, sessId2, attributes2)
+                qosCallback1.assertNoCallback()
+                qosCallback2.expectCallback<OnQosSessionAvailable> { sessId2 == it.sess.sessionId }
+            } finally {
+                socket.close()
+
+                // Make sure that the callback is fully unregistered
+                mCM.unregisterQosCallback(qosCallback1)
+                mCM.unregisterQosCallback(qosCallback2)
+
+                executor.shutdown()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testQosCallbackWhenNetworkReleased() {
+        // Instant apps can't bind sockets to localhost
+        // TODO: use @AppModeFull when supported by DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+        assumeFalse(realContext.packageManager.isInstantApp())
+        val (agent, socket) = setupForQosCallbackTesting()
+        Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor().let { executor ->
+            try {
+                val qosCallback1 = TestableQosCallback()
+                val qosCallback2 = TestableQosCallback()
+                try {
+                    val info = QosSocketInfo(agent.network!!, socket)
+                    mCM.registerQosCallback(info, executor, qosCallback1)
+                    mCM.registerQosCallback(info, executor, qosCallback2)
+                    agent.unregister()
+
+                    qosCallback1.expectCallback<OnError> {
+                        it.ex.cause is NetworkReleasedException
+                    }
+
+                    qosCallback2.expectCallback<OnError> {
+                        it.ex.cause is NetworkReleasedException
+                    }
+                } finally {
+                    socket.close()
+                    mCM.unregisterQosCallback(qosCallback1)
+                    mCM.unregisterQosCallback(qosCallback2)
+                }
+            } finally {
+                socket.close()
+                executor.shutdown()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun createEpsAttributes(qci: Int = 1): EpsBearerQosSessionAttributes {
+        val remoteAddresses = ArrayList<InetSocketAddress>()
+        remoteAddresses.add(InetSocketAddress("2001:db8::123", 80))
+        return EpsBearerQosSessionAttributes(
+                qci, 2, 3, 4, 5,
+                remoteAddresses
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testDestroyAndAwaitReplacement() {
+        // Keeps an eye on all test networks.
+        val matchAllCallback = TestableNetworkCallback(timeoutMs = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        registerNetworkCallback(makeTestNetworkRequest(), matchAllCallback)
+
+        // File a request that matches and keeps up the best-scoring test network.
+        val testCallback = TestableNetworkCallback(timeoutMs = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        requestNetwork(makeTestNetworkRequest(), testCallback)
+
+        // Connect the first network. This should satisfy the request.
+        val (agent1, network1) = connectNetwork()
+        matchAllCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(network1)
+        testCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(network1)
+        // Check that network1 exists by binding a socket to it and getting no exceptions.
+        network1.bindSocket(DatagramSocket())
+
+        // Connect a second agent. network1 is preferred because it was already registered, so
+        // testCallback will not see any events. agent2 is be torn down because it has no requests.
+        val (agent2, network2) = connectNetwork()
+        matchAllCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(network2)
+        matchAllCallback.expectCallback<Lost>(network2)
+        agent2.expectCallback<OnNetworkUnwanted>()
+        agent2.expectCallback<OnNetworkDestroyed>()
+        assertNull(mCM.getLinkProperties(network2))
+
+        // Mark the first network as awaiting replacement. This should destroy the underlying
+        // native network and send onNetworkDestroyed, but will not send any NetworkCallbacks,
+        // because for callback and scoring purposes network1 is still connected.
+        agent1.destroyAndAwaitReplacement(5_000 /* timeoutMillis */)
+        agent1.expectCallback<OnNetworkDestroyed>()
+        assertThrows(IOException::class.java) { network1.bindSocket(DatagramSocket()) }
+        assertNotNull(mCM.getLinkProperties(network1))
+
+        // Calling destroyAndAwaitReplacement more than once has no effect.
+        // If it did, this test would fail because the 1ms timeout means that the network would be
+        // torn down before the replacement arrives.
+        agent1.destroyAndAwaitReplacement(1 /* timeoutMillis */)
+
+        // Connect a third network. Because network1 is awaiting replacement, network3 is preferred
+        // as soon as it validates (until then, it is outscored by network1).
+        // The fact that the first events seen by matchAllCallback is the connection of network3
+        // implicitly ensures that no callbacks are sent since network1 was lost.
+        val (agent3, network3) = connectNetwork()
+        matchAllCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(network3)
+        testCallback.expectAvailableDoubleValidatedCallbacks(network3)
+
+        // As soon as the replacement arrives, network1 is disconnected.
+        // Check that this happens before the replacement timeout (5 seconds) fires.
+        matchAllCallback.expectCallback<Lost>(network1, 2_000 /* timeoutMs */)
+        agent1.expectCallback<OnNetworkUnwanted>()
+
+        // Test lingering:
+        // - Connect a higher-scoring network and check that network3 starts lingering.
+        // - Mark network3 awaiting replacement.
+        // - Check that network3 is torn down immediately without waiting for the linger timer or
+        //   the replacement timer to fire. This is a regular teardown, so it results in
+        //   onNetworkUnwanted before onNetworkDestroyed.
+        val (agent4, agent4callback) = createConnectedNetworkAgent()
+        val network4 = agent4.network!!
+        matchAllCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(network4)
+        agent4.sendNetworkScore(NetworkScore.Builder().setTransportPrimary(true).build())
+        matchAllCallback.expectCallback<Losing>(network3)
+        testCallback.expectAvailableCallbacks(network4, validated = true)
+        mCM.unregisterNetworkCallback(agent4callback)
+        agent3.destroyAndAwaitReplacement(5_000)
+        agent3.expectCallback<OnNetworkUnwanted>()
+        matchAllCallback.expectCallback<Lost>(network3, 1000L)
+        agent3.expectCallback<OnNetworkDestroyed>()
+
+        // Now mark network4 awaiting replacement with a low timeout, and check that if no
+        // replacement arrives, it is torn down.
+        agent4.destroyAndAwaitReplacement(100 /* timeoutMillis */)
+        matchAllCallback.expectCallback<Lost>(network4, 1000L /* timeoutMs */)
+        testCallback.expectCallback<Lost>(network4, 1000L /* timeoutMs */)
+        agent4.expectCallback<OnNetworkDestroyed>()
+        agent4.expectCallback<OnNetworkUnwanted>()
+
+        // If a network that is awaiting replacement is unregistered, it disconnects immediately,
+        // before the replacement timeout fires.
+        val (agent5, network5) = connectNetwork()
+        matchAllCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(network5)
+        testCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(network5)
+        agent5.destroyAndAwaitReplacement(5_000 /* timeoutMillis */)
+        agent5.unregister()
+        matchAllCallback.expectCallback<Lost>(network5, 1000L /* timeoutMs */)
+        testCallback.expectCallback<Lost>(network5, 1000L /* timeoutMs */)
+        agent5.expectCallback<OnNetworkDestroyed>()
+        agent5.expectCallback<OnNetworkUnwanted>()
+
+        // If wifi is replaced within the timeout, the device does not switch to cellular.
+        val (cellAgent, cellNetwork) = connectNetwork(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+        testCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(cellNetwork)
+        matchAllCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(cellNetwork)
+
+        val (wifiAgent, wifiNetwork) = connectNetwork(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+        testCallback.expectAvailableCallbacks(wifiNetwork, validated = true)
+        testCallback.expectCapabilitiesThat(wifiNetwork) {
+            it.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED)
+        }
+        matchAllCallback.expectAvailableCallbacks(wifiNetwork, validated = false)
+        matchAllCallback.expectCallback<Losing>(cellNetwork)
+        matchAllCallback.expectCapabilitiesThat(wifiNetwork) {
+            it.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED)
+        }
+
+        wifiAgent.destroyAndAwaitReplacement(5_000 /* timeoutMillis */)
+        wifiAgent.expectCallback<OnNetworkDestroyed>()
+
+        // Once the network is awaiting replacement, changing LinkProperties, NetworkCapabilities or
+        // score, or calling reportNetworkConnectivity, have no effect.
+        val wifiSpecifier = mCM.getNetworkCapabilities(wifiNetwork)!!.networkSpecifier
+        assertNotNull(wifiSpecifier)
+        assertTrue(wifiSpecifier is EthernetNetworkSpecifier)
+
+        val wifiNc = makeTestNetworkCapabilities(wifiSpecifier.interfaceName,
+                intArrayOf(TRANSPORT_WIFI))
+        wifiAgent.sendNetworkCapabilities(wifiNc)
+        val wifiLp = mCM.getLinkProperties(wifiNetwork)!!
+        val newRoute = RouteInfo(IpPrefix("192.0.2.42/24"))
+        assertFalse(wifiLp.getRoutes().contains(newRoute))
+        wifiLp.addRoute(newRoute)
+        wifiAgent.sendLinkProperties(wifiLp)
+        mCM.reportNetworkConnectivity(wifiNetwork, false)
+        // The test implicitly checks that no callbacks are sent here, because the next events seen
+        // by the callbacks are for the new network connecting.
+
+        val (newWifiAgent, newWifiNetwork) = connectNetwork(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+        testCallback.expectAvailableCallbacks(newWifiNetwork, validated = true)
+        matchAllCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(newWifiNetwork)
+        matchAllCallback.expectCallback<Lost>(wifiNetwork)
+        wifiAgent.expectCallback<OnNetworkUnwanted>()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkInfoTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkInfoTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d6120f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkInfoTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts
+
+import android.os.Build
+import android.content.Context
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager
+import android.net.NetworkInfo
+import android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState
+import android.net.NetworkInfo.State
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
+import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
+import org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull
+import org.junit.Assert.assertNull
+import org.junit.Assert.assertTrue
+import org.junit.Rule
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.junit.Test
+import kotlin.reflect.jvm.isAccessible
+import kotlin.test.assertFails
+import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith
+
+const val TYPE_MOBILE = ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE
+const val TYPE_WIFI = ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI
+const val MOBILE_TYPE_NAME = "mobile"
+const val WIFI_TYPE_NAME = "WIFI"
+const val LTE_SUBTYPE_NAME = "LTE"
+
+@SmallTest
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+class NetworkInfoTest {
+    @Rule @JvmField
+    val ignoreRule = DevSdkIgnoreRule()
+
+    @Test
+    fun testAccessNetworkInfoProperties() {
+        val cm = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().context
+                .getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE) as ConnectivityManager
+        val ni = cm.getAllNetworkInfo()
+        assertTrue(ni.isNotEmpty())
+
+        for (netInfo in ni) {
+            when (netInfo.getType()) {
+                TYPE_MOBILE -> assertNetworkInfo(netInfo, MOBILE_TYPE_NAME)
+                TYPE_WIFI -> assertNetworkInfo(netInfo, WIFI_TYPE_NAME)
+                // TODO: Add BLUETOOTH_TETHER testing
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun assertNetworkInfo(netInfo: NetworkInfo, expectedTypeName: String) {
+        assertTrue(expectedTypeName.equals(netInfo.getTypeName(), ignoreCase = true))
+        assertNotNull(netInfo.toString())
+
+        if (!netInfo.isConnectedOrConnecting()) return
+
+        assertTrue(netInfo.isAvailable())
+        if (State.CONNECTED == netInfo.getState()) {
+            assertTrue(netInfo.isConnected())
+        }
+        assertTrue(State.CONNECTING == netInfo.getState() ||
+                State.CONNECTED == netInfo.getState())
+        assertTrue(DetailedState.SCANNING == netInfo.getDetailedState() ||
+                DetailedState.CONNECTING == netInfo.getDetailedState() ||
+                DetailedState.AUTHENTICATING == netInfo.getDetailedState() ||
+                DetailedState.CONNECTED == netInfo.getDetailedState())
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    fun testConstructor() {
+        val networkInfo = NetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE,
+                MOBILE_TYPE_NAME, LTE_SUBTYPE_NAME)
+
+        assertEquals(TYPE_MOBILE, networkInfo.type)
+        assertEquals(TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE, networkInfo.subtype)
+        assertEquals(MOBILE_TYPE_NAME, networkInfo.typeName)
+        assertEquals(LTE_SUBTYPE_NAME, networkInfo.subtypeName)
+        assertEquals(DetailedState.IDLE, networkInfo.detailedState)
+        assertEquals(State.UNKNOWN, networkInfo.state)
+        assertNull(networkInfo.reason)
+        assertNull(networkInfo.extraInfo)
+
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
+            NetworkInfo(ConnectivityManager.MAX_NETWORK_TYPE + 1,
+                    TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE, MOBILE_TYPE_NAME, LTE_SUBTYPE_NAME)
+        }
+
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
+            assertFailsWith<NullPointerException> { NetworkInfo(null) }
+        } else {
+            // Doesn't immediately crash on S-
+            NetworkInfo(null)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testSetDetailedState() {
+        val networkInfo = NetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE,
+                MOBILE_TYPE_NAME, LTE_SUBTYPE_NAME)
+        val reason = "TestNetworkInfo"
+        val extraReason = "setDetailedState test"
+
+        networkInfo.setDetailedState(DetailedState.CONNECTED, reason, extraReason)
+        assertEquals(DetailedState.CONNECTED, networkInfo.detailedState)
+        assertEquals(State.CONNECTED, networkInfo.state)
+        assertEquals(reason, networkInfo.reason)
+        assertEquals(extraReason, networkInfo.extraInfo)
+
+        // Create an incorrect enum value by calling the default constructor of the enum
+        val constructor = DetailedState::class.java.declaredConstructors.first {
+            it.parameters.size == 2
+        }
+        constructor.isAccessible = true
+        val incorrectDetailedState = constructor.newInstance("any", 200) as DetailedState
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
+            assertFailsWith<NullPointerException> {
+                NetworkInfo(null)
+            }
+            assertFailsWith<NullPointerException> {
+                networkInfo.setDetailedState(null, "reason", "extraInfo")
+            }
+            // This actually throws ArrayOutOfBoundsException because of the implementation of
+            // EnumMap, but that's an implementation detail so accept any crash.
+            assertFails {
+                networkInfo.setDetailedState(incorrectDetailedState, "reason", "extraInfo")
+            }
+        } else {
+            // Doesn't immediately crash on S-
+            NetworkInfo(null)
+            networkInfo.setDetailedState(null, "reason", "extraInfo")
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkInfo_DetailedStateTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkInfo_DetailedStateTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..590ce89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkInfo_DetailedStateTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2009 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+
+import android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState;
+import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
+
+public class NetworkInfo_DetailedStateTest extends AndroidTestCase {
+
+    public void testValueOf() {
+        assertEquals(DetailedState.AUTHENTICATING, DetailedState.valueOf("AUTHENTICATING"));
+        assertEquals(DetailedState.CONNECTED, DetailedState.valueOf("CONNECTED"));
+        assertEquals(DetailedState.CONNECTING, DetailedState.valueOf("CONNECTING"));
+        assertEquals(DetailedState.DISCONNECTED, DetailedState.valueOf("DISCONNECTED"));
+        assertEquals(DetailedState.DISCONNECTING, DetailedState.valueOf("DISCONNECTING"));
+        assertEquals(DetailedState.FAILED, DetailedState.valueOf("FAILED"));
+        assertEquals(DetailedState.IDLE, DetailedState.valueOf("IDLE"));
+        assertEquals(DetailedState.OBTAINING_IPADDR, DetailedState.valueOf("OBTAINING_IPADDR"));
+        assertEquals(DetailedState.SCANNING, DetailedState.valueOf("SCANNING"));
+        assertEquals(DetailedState.SUSPENDED, DetailedState.valueOf("SUSPENDED"));
+    }
+
+    public void testValues() {
+        DetailedState[] expected = DetailedState.values();
+        assertEquals(13, expected.length);
+        assertEquals(DetailedState.IDLE, expected[0]);
+        assertEquals(DetailedState.SCANNING, expected[1]);
+        assertEquals(DetailedState.CONNECTING, expected[2]);
+        assertEquals(DetailedState.AUTHENTICATING, expected[3]);
+        assertEquals(DetailedState.OBTAINING_IPADDR, expected[4]);
+        assertEquals(DetailedState.CONNECTED, expected[5]);
+        assertEquals(DetailedState.SUSPENDED, expected[6]);
+        assertEquals(DetailedState.DISCONNECTING, expected[7]);
+        assertEquals(DetailedState.DISCONNECTED, expected[8]);
+        assertEquals(DetailedState.FAILED, expected[9]);
+        assertEquals(DetailedState.BLOCKED, expected[10]);
+        assertEquals(DetailedState.VERIFYING_POOR_LINK, expected[11]);
+        assertEquals(DetailedState.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_CHECK, expected[12]);
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkInfo_StateTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkInfo_StateTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5303ef1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkInfo_StateTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2009 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import android.net.NetworkInfo.State;
+import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
+
+public class NetworkInfo_StateTest extends AndroidTestCase {
+
+    public void testValueOf() {
+        assertEquals(State.CONNECTED, State.valueOf("CONNECTED"));
+        assertEquals(State.CONNECTING, State.valueOf("CONNECTING"));
+        assertEquals(State.DISCONNECTED, State.valueOf("DISCONNECTED"));
+        assertEquals(State.DISCONNECTING, State.valueOf("DISCONNECTING"));
+        assertEquals(State.SUSPENDED, State.valueOf("SUSPENDED"));
+        assertEquals(State.UNKNOWN, State.valueOf("UNKNOWN"));
+    }
+
+    public void testValues() {
+        State[] expected = State.values();
+        assertEquals(6, expected.length);
+        assertEquals(State.CONNECTING, expected[0]);
+        assertEquals(State.CONNECTED, expected[1]);
+        assertEquals(State.SUSPENDED, expected[2]);
+        assertEquals(State.DISCONNECTING, expected[3]);
+        assertEquals(State.DISCONNECTED, expected[4]);
+        assertEquals(State.UNKNOWN, expected[5]);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkRequestTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkRequestTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..637ed26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkRequestTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,505 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_DUN;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_FOTA;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_MMS;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_SUPL;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
+
+import static junit.framework.Assert.fail;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.net.MacAddress;
+import android.net.MatchAllNetworkSpecifier;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.net.NetworkSpecifier;
+import android.net.wifi.WifiNetworkSpecifier;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.PatternMatcher;
+import android.os.Process;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
+import android.util.Range;
+
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.ConstantsShim;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.NetworkRequestShimImpl;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.NetworkRequestShim;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.UnsupportedApiLevelException;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.util.Set;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+public class NetworkRequestTest {
+    @Rule
+    public final DevSdkIgnoreRule ignoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
+
+    private static final String TEST_SSID = "TestSSID";
+    private static final String OTHER_SSID = "OtherSSID";
+    private static final int TEST_UID = 2097;
+    private static final String TEST_PACKAGE_NAME = "test.package.name";
+    private static final MacAddress ARBITRARY_ADDRESS = MacAddress.fromString("3:5:8:12:9:2");
+
+    private class LocalNetworkSpecifier extends NetworkSpecifier {
+        private final int mId;
+
+        LocalNetworkSpecifier(int id) {
+            mId = id;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean canBeSatisfiedBy(NetworkSpecifier other) {
+            return other instanceof LocalNetworkSpecifier
+                && mId == ((LocalNetworkSpecifier) other).mId;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCapabilities() {
+        assertTrue(new NetworkRequest.Builder().addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_MMS).build()
+                .hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_MMS));
+        assertFalse(new NetworkRequest.Builder().removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_MMS).build()
+                .hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_MMS));
+
+        final NetworkRequest nr = new NetworkRequest.Builder().clearCapabilities().build();
+        // Verify request has no capabilities
+        verifyNoCapabilities(nr);
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testTemporarilyNotMeteredCapability() {
+        assertTrue(new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED).build()
+                .hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED));
+        assertFalse(new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED).build()
+                .hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED));
+    }
+
+    private void verifyNoCapabilities(NetworkRequest nr) {
+        // NetworkCapabilities.mNetworkCapabilities is defined as type long
+        final int MAX_POSSIBLE_CAPABILITY = Long.SIZE;
+        for(int bit = 0; bit < MAX_POSSIBLE_CAPABILITY; bit++) {
+            assertFalse(nr.hasCapability(bit));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTransports() {
+        assertTrue(new NetworkRequest.Builder().addTransportType(TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH).build()
+                .hasTransport(TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH));
+        assertFalse(new NetworkRequest.Builder().removeTransportType(TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH).build()
+                .hasTransport(TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testSpecifier() {
+        assertNull(new NetworkRequest.Builder().build().getNetworkSpecifier());
+        final WifiNetworkSpecifier specifier = new WifiNetworkSpecifier.Builder()
+                .setSsidPattern(new PatternMatcher(TEST_SSID, PatternMatcher.PATTERN_LITERAL))
+                .setBssidPattern(ARBITRARY_ADDRESS, ARBITRARY_ADDRESS)
+                .build();
+        final NetworkSpecifier obtainedSpecifier = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(specifier)
+                .build()
+                .getNetworkSpecifier();
+        assertEquals(obtainedSpecifier, specifier);
+
+        assertNull(new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .clearCapabilities()
+                .build()
+                .getNetworkSpecifier());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testRequestorPackageName() {
+        assertNull(new NetworkRequest.Builder().build().getRequestorPackageName());
+        final String pkgName = "android.net.test";
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .setRequestorPackageName(pkgName)
+                .build();
+        final NetworkRequest nr = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .setCapabilities(nc)
+                .build();
+        assertEquals(pkgName, nr.getRequestorPackageName());
+        assertNull(new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .clearCapabilities()
+                .build()
+                .getRequestorPackageName());
+    }
+
+    private void addNotVcnManagedCapability(@NonNull NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastS()) {
+            nc.addCapability(ConstantsShim.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testCanBeSatisfiedBy() {
+        final LocalNetworkSpecifier specifier1 = new LocalNetworkSpecifier(1234 /* id */);
+        final LocalNetworkSpecifier specifier2 = new LocalNetworkSpecifier(5678 /* id */);
+
+        // Some requests are adding NOT_VCN_MANAGED capability automatically. Add it to the
+        // capabilities below for bypassing the check.
+        final NetworkCapabilities capCellularMmsInternet = new NetworkCapabilities()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_MMS)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
+        addNotVcnManagedCapability(capCellularMmsInternet);
+        final NetworkCapabilities capCellularVpnMmsInternet =
+                new NetworkCapabilities(capCellularMmsInternet).addTransportType(TRANSPORT_VPN);
+        addNotVcnManagedCapability(capCellularVpnMmsInternet);
+        final NetworkCapabilities capCellularMmsInternetSpecifier1 =
+                new NetworkCapabilities(capCellularMmsInternet).setNetworkSpecifier(specifier1);
+        addNotVcnManagedCapability(capCellularMmsInternetSpecifier1);
+        final NetworkCapabilities capVpnInternetSpecifier1 = new NetworkCapabilities()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_VPN)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(specifier1);
+        addNotVcnManagedCapability(capVpnInternetSpecifier1);
+        final NetworkCapabilities capCellularMmsInternetMatchallspecifier =
+                new NetworkCapabilities(capCellularMmsInternet)
+                        .setNetworkSpecifier(new MatchAllNetworkSpecifier());
+        addNotVcnManagedCapability(capCellularMmsInternetMatchallspecifier);
+        final NetworkCapabilities capCellularMmsInternetSpecifier2 =
+                new NetworkCapabilities(capCellularMmsInternet)
+                        .setNetworkSpecifier(specifier2);
+        addNotVcnManagedCapability(capCellularMmsInternetSpecifier2);
+
+        final NetworkRequest requestCellularInternetSpecifier1 = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(specifier1)
+                .build();
+        assertFalse(requestCellularInternetSpecifier1.canBeSatisfiedBy(null));
+        assertFalse(requestCellularInternetSpecifier1.canBeSatisfiedBy(new NetworkCapabilities()));
+        assertTrue(requestCellularInternetSpecifier1.canBeSatisfiedBy(
+                capCellularMmsInternetMatchallspecifier));
+        assertFalse(requestCellularInternetSpecifier1.canBeSatisfiedBy(capCellularMmsInternet));
+        assertTrue(requestCellularInternetSpecifier1.canBeSatisfiedBy(
+                capCellularMmsInternetSpecifier1));
+        assertFalse(requestCellularInternetSpecifier1.canBeSatisfiedBy(capCellularVpnMmsInternet));
+        assertFalse(requestCellularInternetSpecifier1.canBeSatisfiedBy(
+                capCellularMmsInternetSpecifier2));
+
+        final NetworkRequest requestCellularInternet = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .build();
+        assertTrue(requestCellularInternet.canBeSatisfiedBy(capCellularMmsInternet));
+        assertTrue(requestCellularInternet.canBeSatisfiedBy(capCellularMmsInternetSpecifier1));
+        assertTrue(requestCellularInternet.canBeSatisfiedBy(capCellularMmsInternetSpecifier2));
+        assertFalse(requestCellularInternet.canBeSatisfiedBy(capVpnInternetSpecifier1));
+        assertTrue(requestCellularInternet.canBeSatisfiedBy(capCellularVpnMmsInternet));
+    }
+
+    private void setUids(NetworkRequest.Builder builder, Set<Range<Integer>> ranges)
+            throws UnsupportedApiLevelException {
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastS()) {
+            final NetworkRequestShim networkRequestShim = NetworkRequestShimImpl.newInstance();
+            networkRequestShim.setUids(builder, ranges);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testInvariantInCanBeSatisfiedBy() {
+        // Test invariant that result of NetworkRequest.canBeSatisfiedBy() should be the same with
+        // NetworkCapabilities.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities().
+        final LocalNetworkSpecifier specifier1 = new LocalNetworkSpecifier(1234 /* id */);
+        final int uid = Process.myUid();
+        final NetworkRequest.Builder nrBuilder = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .setLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps(1000)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(specifier1)
+                .setSignalStrength(-123);
+
+        // The uid ranges should be set into the request, but setUids() takes a set of UidRange
+        // that is hidden and inaccessible from shims. Before, S setUids will be a no-op. But
+        // because NetworkRequest.Builder sets the UID of the request to the current UID, the
+        // request contains the current UID both on S and before S.
+        final Set<Range<Integer>> ranges = new ArraySet<>();
+        ranges.add(new Range<Integer>(uid, uid));
+        try {
+            setUids(nrBuilder, ranges);
+        } catch (UnsupportedApiLevelException e) {
+            // Not supported before API31.
+        }
+        final NetworkRequest requestCombination = nrBuilder.build();
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities capCell = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR).build();
+        assertCorrectlySatisfies(false, requestCombination, capCell);
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities capCellInternet = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder(capCell)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET).build();
+        assertCorrectlySatisfies(false, requestCombination, capCellInternet);
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities capCellInternetBW =
+                new NetworkCapabilities.Builder(capCellInternet)
+                    .setLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps(1024).build();
+        assertCorrectlySatisfies(false, requestCombination, capCellInternetBW);
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities capCellInternetBWSpecifier1 =
+                new NetworkCapabilities.Builder(capCellInternetBW)
+                    .setNetworkSpecifier(specifier1).build();
+        assertCorrectlySatisfies(false, requestCombination, capCellInternetBWSpecifier1);
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities capCellInternetBWSpecifier1Signal =
+                new NetworkCapabilities.Builder(capCellInternetBWSpecifier1)
+                        .setSignalStrength(-123).build();
+        addNotVcnManagedCapability(capCellInternetBWSpecifier1Signal);
+        assertCorrectlySatisfies(true, requestCombination,
+                capCellInternetBWSpecifier1Signal);
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities capCellInternetBWSpecifier1SignalUid =
+                new NetworkCapabilities.Builder(capCellInternetBWSpecifier1Signal)
+                    .setOwnerUid(uid)
+                    .setAdministratorUids(new int [] {uid}).build();
+        assertCorrectlySatisfies(true, requestCombination,
+                capCellInternetBWSpecifier1SignalUid);
+    }
+
+    private void assertCorrectlySatisfies(boolean expect, NetworkRequest request,
+            NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        assertEquals(expect, request.canBeSatisfiedBy(nc));
+        assertEquals(
+                request.canBeSatisfiedBy(nc),
+                request.networkCapabilities.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(nc));
+    }
+
+    private static Set<Range<Integer>> uidRangesForUid(int uid) {
+        final Range<Integer> range = new Range<>(uid, uid);
+        return Set.of(range);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetIncludeOtherUidNetworks() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(TestUtils.shouldTestSApis());
+        final NetworkRequestShim shim = NetworkRequestShimImpl.newInstance();
+
+        final NetworkRequest.Builder builder = new NetworkRequest.Builder();
+        // NetworkRequests have NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED by default.
+        builder.removeCapability(ConstantsShim.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED);
+        shim.setIncludeOtherUidNetworks(builder, false);
+        final NetworkRequest request = builder.build();
+
+        final NetworkRequest.Builder otherUidsBuilder = new NetworkRequest.Builder();
+        otherUidsBuilder.removeCapability(ConstantsShim.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED);
+        shim.setIncludeOtherUidNetworks(otherUidsBuilder, true);
+        final NetworkRequest otherUidsRequest = otherUidsBuilder.build();
+
+        assertNotEquals(Process.SYSTEM_UID, Process.myUid());
+        final NetworkCapabilities ncWithMyUid = new NetworkCapabilities()
+                .setUids(uidRangesForUid(Process.myUid()));
+        final NetworkCapabilities ncWithOtherUid = new NetworkCapabilities()
+                .setUids(uidRangesForUid(Process.SYSTEM_UID));
+
+        assertTrue(request + " should be satisfied by " + ncWithMyUid,
+                request.canBeSatisfiedBy(ncWithMyUid));
+        assertTrue(otherUidsRequest + " should be satisfied by " + ncWithMyUid,
+                otherUidsRequest.canBeSatisfiedBy(ncWithMyUid));
+        assertFalse(request + " should not be satisfied by " +  ncWithOtherUid,
+                request.canBeSatisfiedBy(ncWithOtherUid));
+        assertTrue(otherUidsRequest + " should be satisfied by " + ncWithOtherUid,
+                otherUidsRequest.canBeSatisfiedBy(ncWithOtherUid));
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testRequestorUid() {
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        // Verify default value is INVALID_UID
+        assertEquals(Process.INVALID_UID, new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                 .setCapabilities(nc).build().getRequestorUid());
+
+        nc.setRequestorUid(1314);
+        final NetworkRequest nr = new NetworkRequest.Builder().setCapabilities(nc).build();
+        assertEquals(1314, nr.getRequestorUid());
+
+        assertEquals(Process.INVALID_UID, new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .clearCapabilities().build().getRequestorUid());
+    }
+
+    // TODO: 1. Refactor test cases with helper method.
+    //       2. Test capability that does not yet exist.
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testBypassingVcn() {
+        // Make an empty request. Verify the NOT_VCN_MANAGED is added.
+        final NetworkRequest emptyRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder().build();
+        assertTrue(emptyRequest.hasCapability(ConstantsShim.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED));
+
+        // Make a request explicitly add NOT_VCN_MANAGED. Verify the NOT_VCN_MANAGED is preserved.
+        final NetworkRequest mmsAddNotVcnRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_MMS)
+                .addCapability(ConstantsShim.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+                .build();
+        assertTrue(mmsAddNotVcnRequest.hasCapability(
+                ConstantsShim.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED));
+
+        // Similar to above, but the opposite order.
+        final NetworkRequest mmsAddNotVcnRequest2 = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addCapability(ConstantsShim.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_MMS)
+                .build();
+        assertTrue(mmsAddNotVcnRequest2.hasCapability(
+                ConstantsShim.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED));
+
+        // Make a request explicitly remove NOT_VCN_MANAGED. Verify the NOT_VCN_MANAGED is removed.
+        final NetworkRequest removeNotVcnRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .removeCapability(ConstantsShim.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED).build();
+        assertFalse(removeNotVcnRequest.hasCapability(
+                ConstantsShim.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED));
+
+        // Make a request add some capability inside VCN supported capabilities.
+        // Verify the NOT_VCN_MANAGED is added.
+        final NetworkRequest notRoamRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING).build();
+        assertTrue(notRoamRequest.hasCapability(ConstantsShim.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED));
+
+        // Make an internet request. Verify the NOT_VCN_MANAGED is added.
+        final NetworkRequest internetRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET).build();
+        assertTrue(internetRequest.hasCapability(ConstantsShim.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED));
+
+        // Make an internet request which explicitly removed NOT_VCN_MANAGED.
+        // Verify the NOT_VCN_MANAGED is removed.
+        final NetworkRequest internetRemoveNotVcnRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .removeCapability(ConstantsShim.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED).build();
+        assertFalse(internetRemoveNotVcnRequest.hasCapability(
+                ConstantsShim.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED));
+
+        // Make a normal MMS request. Verify the request could bypass VCN.
+        final NetworkRequest mmsRequest =
+                new NetworkRequest.Builder().addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_MMS).build();
+        assertFalse(mmsRequest.hasCapability(ConstantsShim.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED));
+
+        // Make a SUPL request along with internet. Verify NOT_VCN_MANAGED is not added since
+        // SUPL is not in the supported list.
+        final NetworkRequest suplWithInternetRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                        .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_SUPL)
+                        .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET).build();
+        assertFalse(suplWithInternetRequest.hasCapability(
+                ConstantsShim.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED));
+
+        // Make a FOTA request with explicitly add NOT_VCN_MANAGED capability. Verify
+        // NOT_VCN_MANAGED is preserved.
+        final NetworkRequest fotaRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                        .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_FOTA)
+                        .addCapability(ConstantsShim.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED).build();
+        assertTrue(fotaRequest.hasCapability(ConstantsShim.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED));
+
+        // Make a DUN request, which is in {@code VCN_SUPPORTED_CAPABILITIES}.
+        // Verify NOT_VCN_MANAGED is preserved.
+        final NetworkRequest dunRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_DUN).build();
+        assertTrue(dunRequest.hasCapability(ConstantsShim.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED));
+
+        // Make an internet request but with NetworkSpecifier. Verify the NOT_VCN_MANAGED is not
+        // added.
+        final NetworkRequest internetWithSpecifierRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI).addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(makeTestWifiSpecifier()).build();
+        assertFalse(internetWithSpecifierRequest.hasCapability(
+                ConstantsShim.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED));
+    }
+
+    private void verifyEqualRequestBuilt(NetworkRequest orig) {
+        try {
+            final NetworkRequestShim shim = NetworkRequestShimImpl.newInstance();
+            final NetworkRequest copy = shim.newBuilder(orig).build();
+            assertEquals(orig, copy);
+        } catch (UnsupportedApiLevelException e) {
+            fail("NetworkRequestShim.newBuilder should be supported in this SDK version");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testGetCapabilities() {
+        final int[] netCapabilities = new int[] {
+                NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET,
+                NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING };
+        final NetworkCapabilities.Builder builder = NetworkCapabilities.Builder
+                .withoutDefaultCapabilities();
+        for (int capability : netCapabilities) builder.addCapability(capability);
+        final NetworkRequest nr = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .clearCapabilities()
+                .setCapabilities(builder.build())
+                .build();
+        assertArrayEquals(netCapabilities, nr.getCapabilities());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBuildRequestFromExistingRequestWithBuilder() {
+        assumeTrue(TestUtils.shouldTestSApis());
+        final NetworkRequest.Builder builder = new NetworkRequest.Builder();
+
+        final NetworkRequest baseRequest = builder.build();
+        verifyEqualRequestBuilt(baseRequest);
+
+        final NetworkRequest requestCellMms = builder
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_MMS)
+                .setSignalStrength(-99).build();
+        verifyEqualRequestBuilt(requestCellMms);
+
+        final NetworkRequest requestWifi = builder
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                .removeTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_MMS)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(makeTestWifiSpecifier())
+                .setSignalStrength(-33).build();
+        verifyEqualRequestBuilt(requestWifi);
+    }
+
+    private WifiNetworkSpecifier makeTestWifiSpecifier() {
+        return new WifiNetworkSpecifier.Builder()
+                .setSsidPattern(new PatternMatcher(TEST_SSID, PatternMatcher.PATTERN_LITERAL))
+                .setBssidPattern(ARBITRARY_ADDRESS, ARBITRARY_ADDRESS)
+                .build();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkScoreTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkScoreTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f17199
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkScoreTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net.cts
+
+import android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS
+import android.content.Context
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager
+import android.net.LinkProperties
+import android.net.NetworkAgent
+import android.net.NetworkAgentConfig
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
+import android.net.NetworkProvider
+import android.net.NetworkRequest
+import android.net.NetworkScore
+import android.net.VpnManager
+import android.net.VpnTransportInfo
+import android.os.Build
+import android.os.Handler
+import android.os.HandlerThread
+import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.runWithShellPermissionIdentity
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback.HasNetwork
+import org.junit.After
+import org.junit.Before
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+
+// This test doesn't really have a constraint on how fast the methods should return. If it's
+// going to fail, it will simply wait forever, so setting a high timeout lowers the flake ratio
+// without affecting the run time of successful runs. Thus, set a very high timeout.
+private const val TIMEOUT_MS = 30_000L
+// When waiting for a NetworkCallback to determine there was no timeout, waiting is the
+// only possible thing (the relevant handler is the one in the real ConnectivityService,
+// and then there is the Binder call), so have a short timeout for this as it will be
+// exhausted every time.
+private const val NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT = 200L
+
+private val testContext: Context
+    get() = InstrumentationRegistry.getContext()
+
+private fun score(exiting: Boolean = false, primary: Boolean = false) =
+        NetworkScore.Builder().setExiting(exiting).setTransportPrimary(primary)
+                // TODO : have a constant KEEP_CONNECTED_FOR_TEST ?
+                .setKeepConnectedReason(NetworkScore.KEEP_CONNECTED_FOR_HANDOVER)
+                .build()
+
+@IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+class NetworkScoreTest {
+    private val mCm = testContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager::class.java)
+    private val mHandlerThread = HandlerThread("${javaClass.simpleName} handler thread")
+    private val mHandler by lazy { Handler(mHandlerThread.looper) }
+    private val agentsToCleanUp = mutableListOf<NetworkAgent>()
+    private val callbacksToCleanUp = mutableListOf<TestableNetworkCallback>()
+
+    @Before
+    fun setUp() {
+        mHandlerThread.start()
+    }
+
+    @After
+    fun tearDown() {
+        agentsToCleanUp.forEach { it.unregister() }
+        mHandlerThread.quitSafely()
+        callbacksToCleanUp.forEach { mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(it) }
+    }
+
+    // Returns a networkCallback that sends onAvailable on the best network with TRANSPORT_TEST.
+    private fun makeTestNetworkCallback() = TestableNetworkCallback(TIMEOUT_MS).also { cb ->
+        mCm.registerBestMatchingNetworkCallback(NetworkRequest.Builder().clearCapabilities()
+                .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST).build(), cb, mHandler)
+        callbacksToCleanUp.add(cb)
+    }
+
+    // TestNetworkCallback is made to interact with a wrapper of NetworkAgent, because it's
+    // made for ConnectivityServiceTest.
+    // TODO : have TestNetworkCallback work for NetworkAgent too and remove this class.
+    private class AgentWrapper(val agent: NetworkAgent) : HasNetwork {
+        override val network = agent.network
+        fun sendNetworkScore(s: NetworkScore) = agent.sendNetworkScore(s)
+    }
+
+    private fun createTestNetworkAgent(
+            // The network always has TRANSPORT_TEST, plus optional transports
+        optionalTransports: IntArray = IntArray(size = 0),
+        everUserSelected: Boolean = false,
+        acceptUnvalidated: Boolean = false,
+        isExiting: Boolean = false,
+        isPrimary: Boolean = false
+    ): AgentWrapper {
+        val nc = NetworkCapabilities.Builder().apply {
+            addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST)
+            optionalTransports.forEach { addTransportType(it) }
+            // Add capabilities that are common, just for realism. It's not strictly necessary
+            addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED)
+            addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING)
+            // Remove capabilities that a test network agent shouldn't have and that are not
+            // needed for the purposes of this test.
+            removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+            removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+            removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+            if (optionalTransports.contains(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN)) {
+                addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN)
+                removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
+                setTransportInfo(VpnTransportInfo(VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE, null))
+            }
+            addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+        }.build()
+        val config = NetworkAgentConfig.Builder()
+                .setExplicitlySelected(everUserSelected)
+                .setUnvalidatedConnectivityAcceptable(acceptUnvalidated)
+                .build()
+        val score = score(exiting = isExiting, primary = isPrimary)
+        val context = testContext
+        val looper = mHandlerThread.looper
+        val agent = object : NetworkAgent(context, looper, "NetworkScore test agent", nc,
+                LinkProperties(), score, config, NetworkProvider(context, looper,
+                "NetworkScore test provider")) {}.also {
+            agentsToCleanUp.add(it)
+        }
+        runWithShellPermissionIdentity({ agent.register() }, MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS)
+        agent.markConnected()
+        return AgentWrapper(agent)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testExitingLosesAndOldSatisfierWins() {
+        val cb = makeTestNetworkCallback()
+        val agent1 = createTestNetworkAgent()
+        cb.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(agent1)
+        val agent2 = createTestNetworkAgent()
+        // Because the existing network must win, the callback stays on agent1.
+        cb.assertNoCallback(NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT)
+        agent1.sendNetworkScore(score(exiting = true))
+        // Now that agent1 is exiting, the callback is satisfied by agent2.
+        cb.expectAvailableCallbacks(agent2.network)
+        agent1.sendNetworkScore(score(exiting = false))
+        // Agent1 is no longer exiting, but agent2 is the current satisfier.
+        cb.assertNoCallback(NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testVpnWins() {
+        val cb = makeTestNetworkCallback()
+        val agent1 = createTestNetworkAgent()
+        cb.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(agent1.network)
+        val agent2 = createTestNetworkAgent(intArrayOf(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN))
+        // VPN wins out against agent1 even before it's validated (hence the "then validated",
+        // because it becomes the best network for this callback before it validates)
+        cb.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(agent2.network)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testEverUserSelectedAcceptUnvalidatedWins() {
+        val cb = makeTestNetworkCallback()
+        val agent1 = createTestNetworkAgent()
+        cb.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(agent1.network)
+        val agent2 = createTestNetworkAgent(everUserSelected = true, acceptUnvalidated = true)
+        // agent2 wins out against agent1 even before it's validated, because user-selected and
+        // accept unvalidated networks should win against even networks that are validated.
+        cb.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(agent2.network)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testPreferredTransportOrder() {
+        val cb = makeTestNetworkCallback()
+        val agentCell = createTestNetworkAgent(intArrayOf(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR))
+        cb.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(agentCell.network)
+        val agentWifi = createTestNetworkAgent(intArrayOf(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI))
+        // In the absence of other discriminating factors, agentWifi wins against agentCell because
+        // of its better transport, but only after it validates.
+        cb.expectAvailableDoubleValidatedCallbacks(agentWifi)
+        val agentEth = createTestNetworkAgent(intArrayOf(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET))
+        // Likewise, agentEth wins against agentWifi after validation because of its better
+        // transport.
+        cb.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(agentEth)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testTransportPrimary() {
+        val cb = makeTestNetworkCallback()
+        val agent1 = createTestNetworkAgent()
+        cb.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(agent1)
+        val agent2 = createTestNetworkAgent()
+        // Because the existing network must win, the callback stays on agent1.
+        cb.assertNoCallback(NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT)
+        agent2.sendNetworkScore(score(primary = true))
+        // Now that agent2 is primary, the callback is satisfied by agent2.
+        cb.expectAvailableCallbacks(agent2.network)
+        agent1.sendNetworkScore(score(primary = true))
+        // Agent1 is primary too, but agent2 is the current satisfier
+        cb.assertNoCallback(NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT)
+        agent2.sendNetworkScore(score(primary = false))
+        // Now agent1 is primary and agent2 isn't
+        cb.expectAvailableCallbacks(agent1.network)
+    }
+
+    // TODO (b/187929636) : add a test making sure that validated networks win over unvalidated
+    // ones. Right now this is not possible because this CTS can't directly manipulate the
+    // validation state of a network.
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkStackDependenciesTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkStackDependenciesTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a7f955
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkStackDependenciesTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts
+
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager
+import android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils
+import android.net.wifi.WifiManager
+import android.os.Build
+import androidx.test.filters.SdkSuppress
+import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry
+import org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue
+import org.junit.Test
+import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
+import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+
+/**
+ * Basic tests for APIs used by the network stack module.
+ */
+class NetworkStackDependenciesTest {
+    @Test
+    @SdkSuppress(maxSdkVersion = Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    fun testGetFrequency() {
+        // WifiInfo#getFrequency was missing a CTS test in Q: this test is run as part of MTS on Q
+        // devices to ensure it behaves correctly.
+        val context = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getContext()
+        assumeTrue("This test only applies to devices that support wifi",
+                context.getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI))
+        val wifiManager = context.getSystemService(WifiManager::class.java)
+        assertNotNull(wifiManager, "Device supports wifi but there is no WifiManager")
+
+        CtsNetUtils(context).ensureWifiConnected()
+        val wifiInfo = wifiManager.getConnectionInfo()
+        // The NetworkStack can handle any value of getFrequency; unknown frequencies will not be
+        // classified in metrics, but this is expected behavior. It is only important that the
+        // method does not crash. Still verify that the frequency is positive
+        val frequency = wifiInfo.getFrequency()
+        assertTrue(frequency > 0, "Frequency must be > 0")
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkStatsBinderTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkStatsBinderTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a48983
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkStatsBinderTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import static android.os.Process.INVALID_UID;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.pm.PackageInfo;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.net.INetworkStatsService;
+import android.net.TrafficStats;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.Process;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
+import android.util.SparseArray;
+
+import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.internal.util.CollectionUtils;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+public class NetworkStatsBinderTest {
+    // NOTE: These are shamelessly copied from TrafficStats.
+    private static final int TYPE_RX_BYTES = 0;
+    private static final int TYPE_RX_PACKETS = 1;
+    private static final int TYPE_TX_BYTES = 2;
+    private static final int TYPE_TX_PACKETS = 3;
+
+    @Rule
+    public DevSdkIgnoreRule mIgnoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule(
+            Build.VERSION_CODES.Q /* ignoreClassUpTo */);
+
+    private final SparseArray<Function<Integer, Long>> mUidStatsQueryOpArray = new SparseArray<>();
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        mUidStatsQueryOpArray.put(TYPE_RX_BYTES, uid -> TrafficStats.getUidRxBytes(uid));
+        mUidStatsQueryOpArray.put(TYPE_RX_PACKETS, uid -> TrafficStats.getUidRxPackets(uid));
+        mUidStatsQueryOpArray.put(TYPE_TX_BYTES, uid -> TrafficStats.getUidTxBytes(uid));
+        mUidStatsQueryOpArray.put(TYPE_TX_PACKETS, uid -> TrafficStats.getUidTxPackets(uid));
+    }
+
+    private long getUidStatsFromBinder(int uid, int type) throws Exception {
+        Method getServiceMethod = Class.forName("android.os.ServiceManager")
+                .getDeclaredMethod("getService", new Class[]{String.class});
+        IBinder binder = (IBinder) getServiceMethod.invoke(null, Context.NETWORK_STATS_SERVICE);
+        INetworkStatsService nss = INetworkStatsService.Stub.asInterface(binder);
+        return nss.getUidStats(uid, type);
+    }
+
+    private int getFirstAppUidThat(@NonNull Predicate<Integer> predicate) {
+        PackageManager pm = InstrumentationRegistry.getContext().getPackageManager();
+        List<PackageInfo> apps = pm.getInstalledPackages(0 /* flags */);
+        final PackageInfo match = CollectionUtils.find(apps,
+                it -> it.applicationInfo != null && predicate.test(it.applicationInfo.uid));
+        if (match != null) return match.applicationInfo.uid;
+        return INVALID_UID;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAccessUidStatsFromBinder() throws Exception {
+        final int myUid = Process.myUid();
+        final List<Integer> testUidList = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        // Prepare uid list for testing.
+        testUidList.add(INVALID_UID);
+        testUidList.add(Process.ROOT_UID);
+        testUidList.add(Process.SYSTEM_UID);
+        testUidList.add(myUid);
+        testUidList.add(Process.LAST_APPLICATION_UID);
+        testUidList.add(Process.LAST_APPLICATION_UID + 1);
+        // If available, pick another existing uid for testing that is not already contained
+        // in the list above.
+        final int notMyUid = getFirstAppUidThat(uid -> uid >= 0 && !testUidList.contains(uid));
+        if (notMyUid != INVALID_UID) testUidList.add(notMyUid);
+
+        for (final int uid : testUidList) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < mUidStatsQueryOpArray.size(); i++) {
+                final int type = mUidStatsQueryOpArray.keyAt(i);
+                try {
+                    final long uidStatsFromBinder = getUidStatsFromBinder(uid, type);
+                    final long uidTrafficStats = mUidStatsQueryOpArray.get(type).apply(uid);
+
+                    // Verify that UNSUPPORTED is returned if the uid is not current app uid.
+                    if (uid != myUid) {
+                        assertEquals(uidStatsFromBinder, TrafficStats.UNSUPPORTED);
+                    }
+                    // Verify that returned result is the same with the result get from
+                    // TrafficStats.
+                    // TODO: If the test is flaky then it should instead assert that the values
+                    //  are approximately similar.
+                    assertEquals("uidStats is not matched for query type " + type
+                                    + ", uid=" + uid + ", myUid=" + myUid, uidTrafficStats,
+                            uidStatsFromBinder);
+                } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+                    /* Java language access prevents exploitation. */
+                    return;
+                } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
+                    /* Underlying method has been changed. */
+                    return;
+                } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+                    /* not vulnerable if hidden API no longer available */
+                    return;
+                } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
+                    /* not vulnerable if hidden API no longer available */
+                    return;
+                } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkStatsManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkStatsManagerTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de4f41b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkStatsManagerTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,958 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import static android.app.usage.NetworkStats.Bucket.DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL;
+import static android.app.usage.NetworkStats.Bucket.DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO;
+import static android.app.usage.NetworkStats.Bucket.DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES;
+import static android.app.usage.NetworkStats.Bucket.METERED_ALL;
+import static android.app.usage.NetworkStats.Bucket.METERED_NO;
+import static android.app.usage.NetworkStats.Bucket.METERED_YES;
+import static android.app.usage.NetworkStats.Bucket.ROAMING_ALL;
+import static android.app.usage.NetworkStats.Bucket.ROAMING_NO;
+import static android.app.usage.NetworkStats.Bucket.ROAMING_YES;
+import static android.app.usage.NetworkStats.Bucket.STATE_ALL;
+import static android.app.usage.NetworkStats.Bucket.STATE_DEFAULT;
+import static android.app.usage.NetworkStats.Bucket.STATE_FOREGROUND;
+import static android.app.usage.NetworkStats.Bucket.TAG_NONE;
+import static android.app.usage.NetworkStats.Bucket.UID_ALL;
+import static android.net.netstats.NetworkStatsDataMigrationUtils.PREFIX_UID;
+import static android.net.netstats.NetworkStatsDataMigrationUtils.PREFIX_UID_TAG;
+import static android.net.netstats.NetworkStatsDataMigrationUtils.PREFIX_XT;
+
+import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt.SC_V2;
+
+import android.app.AppOpsManager;
+import android.app.usage.NetworkStats;
+import android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkInfo;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.net.NetworkStatsCollection;
+import android.net.NetworkStatsHistory;
+import android.net.TrafficStats;
+import android.net.netstats.NetworkStatsDataMigrationUtils;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.HandlerThread;
+import android.os.Process;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
+import android.test.InstrumentationTestCase;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.ShellIdentityUtils;
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil;
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.text.MessageFormat;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+public class NetworkStatsManagerTest extends InstrumentationTestCase {
+    private static final String LOG_TAG = "NetworkStatsManagerTest";
+    private static final String APPOPS_SET_SHELL_COMMAND = "appops set {0} {1} {2}";
+    private static final String APPOPS_GET_SHELL_COMMAND = "appops get {0} {1}";
+
+    private static final long MINUTE = 1000 * 60;
+    private static final int TIMEOUT_MILLIS = 15000;
+
+    private static final String CHECK_CONNECTIVITY_URL = "http://www.265.com/";
+    private static final int HOST_RESOLUTION_RETRIES = 4;
+    private static final int HOST_RESOLUTION_INTERVAL_MS = 500;
+
+    private static final int NETWORK_TAG = 0xf00d;
+    private static final long THRESHOLD_BYTES = 2 * 1024 * 1024;  // 2 MB
+
+    private abstract class NetworkInterfaceToTest {
+        private boolean mMetered;
+        private boolean mRoaming;
+        private boolean mIsDefault;
+
+        abstract int getNetworkType();
+        abstract int getTransportType();
+
+        public boolean getMetered() {
+            return mMetered;
+        }
+
+        public void setMetered(boolean metered) {
+            this.mMetered = metered;
+        }
+
+        public boolean getRoaming() {
+            return mRoaming;
+        }
+
+        public void setRoaming(boolean roaming) {
+            this.mRoaming = roaming;
+        }
+
+        public boolean getIsDefault() {
+            return mIsDefault;
+        }
+
+        public void setIsDefault(boolean isDefault) {
+            mIsDefault = isDefault;
+        }
+
+        abstract String getSystemFeature();
+        abstract String getErrorMessage();
+    }
+
+    private final NetworkInterfaceToTest[] mNetworkInterfacesToTest =
+            new NetworkInterfaceToTest[] {
+                    new NetworkInterfaceToTest() {
+                        @Override
+                        public int getNetworkType() {
+                            return ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI;
+                        }
+
+                        @Override
+                        public int getTransportType() {
+                            return NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
+                        }
+
+                        @Override
+                        public String getSystemFeature() {
+                            return PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI;
+                        }
+
+                        @Override
+                        public String getErrorMessage() {
+                            return " Please make sure you are connected to a WiFi access point.";
+                        }
+                    },
+                    new NetworkInterfaceToTest() {
+                        @Override
+                        public int getNetworkType() {
+                            return ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE;
+                        }
+
+                        @Override
+                        public int getTransportType() {
+                            return NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
+                        }
+
+                        @Override
+                        public String getSystemFeature() {
+                            return PackageManager.FEATURE_TELEPHONY;
+                        }
+
+                        @Override
+                        public String getErrorMessage() {
+                            return " Please make sure you have added a SIM card with data plan to"
+                                    + " your phone, have enabled data over cellular and in case of"
+                                    + " dual SIM devices, have selected the right SIM "
+                                    + "for data connection.";
+                        }
+                    }
+            };
+
+    private String mPkg;
+    private NetworkStatsManager mNsm;
+    private ConnectivityManager mCm;
+    private PackageManager mPm;
+    private long mStartTime;
+    private long mEndTime;
+
+    private long mBytesRead;
+    private String mWriteSettingsMode;
+    private String mUsageStatsMode;
+
+    private void exerciseRemoteHost(Network network, URL url) throws Exception {
+        NetworkInfo networkInfo = mCm.getNetworkInfo(network);
+        if (networkInfo == null) {
+            Log.w(LOG_TAG, "Network info is null");
+        } else {
+            Log.w(LOG_TAG, "Network: " + networkInfo.toString());
+        }
+        InputStreamReader in = null;
+        HttpURLConnection urlc = null;
+        String originalKeepAlive = System.getProperty("http.keepAlive");
+        System.setProperty("http.keepAlive", "false");
+        try {
+            TrafficStats.setThreadStatsTag(NETWORK_TAG);
+            urlc = (HttpURLConnection) network.openConnection(url);
+            urlc.setConnectTimeout(TIMEOUT_MILLIS);
+            urlc.setUseCaches(false);
+            // Disable compression so we generate enough traffic that assertWithinPercentage will
+            // not be affected by the small amount of traffic (5-10kB) sent by the test harness.
+            urlc.setRequestProperty("Accept-Encoding", "identity");
+            urlc.connect();
+            boolean ping = urlc.getResponseCode() == 200;
+            if (ping) {
+                in = new InputStreamReader(
+                        (InputStream) urlc.getContent());
+
+                mBytesRead = 0;
+                while (in.read() != -1) ++mBytesRead;
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            Log.i(LOG_TAG, "Badness during exercising remote server: " + e);
+        } finally {
+            TrafficStats.clearThreadStatsTag();
+            if (in != null) {
+                try {
+                    in.close();
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    // don't care
+                }
+            }
+            if (urlc != null) {
+                urlc.disconnect();
+            }
+            if (originalKeepAlive == null) {
+                System.clearProperty("http.keepAlive");
+            } else {
+                System.setProperty("http.keepAlive", originalKeepAlive);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+        mNsm = (NetworkStatsManager) getInstrumentation().getContext()
+                .getSystemService(Context.NETWORK_STATS_SERVICE);
+        mNsm.setPollForce(true);
+
+        mCm = (ConnectivityManager) getInstrumentation().getContext()
+                .getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
+
+        mPm = getInstrumentation().getContext().getPackageManager();
+
+        mPkg = getInstrumentation().getContext().getPackageName();
+
+        mWriteSettingsMode = getAppOpsMode(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_WRITE_SETTINGS);
+        setAppOpsMode(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_WRITE_SETTINGS, "allow");
+        mUsageStatsMode = getAppOpsMode(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_GET_USAGE_STATS);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        if (mWriteSettingsMode != null) {
+            setAppOpsMode(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_WRITE_SETTINGS, mWriteSettingsMode);
+        }
+        if (mUsageStatsMode != null) {
+            setAppOpsMode(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_GET_USAGE_STATS, mUsageStatsMode);
+        }
+        super.tearDown();
+    }
+
+    private void setAppOpsMode(String appop, String mode) throws Exception {
+        final String command = MessageFormat.format(APPOPS_SET_SHELL_COMMAND, mPkg, appop, mode);
+        SystemUtil.runShellCommand(command);
+    }
+
+    private String getAppOpsMode(String appop) throws Exception {
+        final String command = MessageFormat.format(APPOPS_GET_SHELL_COMMAND, mPkg, appop);
+        String result = SystemUtil.runShellCommand(command);
+        if (result == null) {
+            Log.w(LOG_TAG, "App op " + appop + " could not be read.");
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isInForeground() throws IOException {
+        String result = SystemUtil.runShellCommand(getInstrumentation(),
+                "cmd activity get-uid-state " + Process.myUid());
+        return result.contains("FOREGROUND");
+    }
+
+    private class NetworkCallback extends ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback {
+        private long mTolerance;
+        private URL mUrl;
+        public boolean success;
+        public boolean metered;
+        public boolean roaming;
+        public boolean isDefault;
+
+        NetworkCallback(long tolerance, URL url) {
+            mTolerance = tolerance;
+            mUrl = url;
+            success = false;
+            metered = false;
+            roaming = false;
+            isDefault = false;
+        }
+
+        // The test host only has IPv4. So on a dual-stack network where IPv6 connects before IPv4,
+        // we need to wait until IPv4 is available or the test will spuriously fail.
+        private void waitForHostResolution(Network network) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < HOST_RESOLUTION_RETRIES; i++) {
+                try {
+                    network.getAllByName(mUrl.getHost());
+                    return;
+                } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
+                    SystemClock.sleep(HOST_RESOLUTION_INTERVAL_MS);
+                }
+            }
+            fail(String.format("%s could not be resolved on network %s (%d attempts %dms apart)",
+                    mUrl.getHost(), network, HOST_RESOLUTION_RETRIES, HOST_RESOLUTION_INTERVAL_MS));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onAvailable(Network network) {
+            try {
+                mStartTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - mTolerance;
+                isDefault = network.equals(mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+                waitForHostResolution(network);
+                exerciseRemoteHost(network, mUrl);
+                mEndTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + mTolerance;
+                success = true;
+                metered = !mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(network)
+                        .hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+                roaming = !mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(network)
+                        .hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING);
+                synchronized (NetworkStatsManagerTest.this) {
+                    NetworkStatsManagerTest.this.notify();
+                }
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                Log.w(LOG_TAG, "exercising remote host failed.", e);
+                success = false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean shouldTestThisNetworkType(int networkTypeIndex, final long tolerance)
+            throws Exception {
+        boolean hasFeature = mPm.hasSystemFeature(
+                mNetworkInterfacesToTest[networkTypeIndex].getSystemFeature());
+        if (!hasFeature) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        NetworkCallback callback = new NetworkCallback(tolerance, new URL(CHECK_CONNECTIVITY_URL));
+        mCm.requestNetwork(new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(mNetworkInterfacesToTest[networkTypeIndex].getTransportType())
+                .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .build(), callback);
+        synchronized (this) {
+            try {
+                wait((int) (TIMEOUT_MILLIS * 1.2));
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            }
+        }
+        if (callback.success) {
+            mNetworkInterfacesToTest[networkTypeIndex].setMetered(callback.metered);
+            mNetworkInterfacesToTest[networkTypeIndex].setRoaming(callback.roaming);
+            mNetworkInterfacesToTest[networkTypeIndex].setIsDefault(callback.isDefault);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // This will always fail at this point as we know 'hasFeature' is true.
+        assertFalse(mNetworkInterfacesToTest[networkTypeIndex].getSystemFeature()
+                + " is a reported system feature, "
+                + "however no corresponding connected network interface was found or the attempt "
+                + "to connect has timed out (timeout = " + TIMEOUT_MILLIS + "ms)."
+                + mNetworkInterfacesToTest[networkTypeIndex].getErrorMessage(), hasFeature);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private String getSubscriberId(int networkIndex) {
+        int networkType = mNetworkInterfacesToTest[networkIndex].getNetworkType();
+        if (ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE == networkType) {
+            TelephonyManager tm = (TelephonyManager) getInstrumentation().getContext()
+                    .getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
+            return ShellIdentityUtils.invokeMethodWithShellPermissions(tm,
+                    (telephonyManager) -> telephonyManager.getSubscriberId());
+        }
+        return "";
+    }
+
+    @AppModeFull
+    public void testDeviceSummary() throws Exception {
+        for (int i = 0; i < mNetworkInterfacesToTest.length; ++i) {
+            if (!shouldTestThisNetworkType(i, MINUTE / 2)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            setAppOpsMode(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_GET_USAGE_STATS, "allow");
+            NetworkStats.Bucket bucket = null;
+            try {
+                bucket = mNsm.querySummaryForDevice(
+                        mNetworkInterfacesToTest[i].getNetworkType(), getSubscriberId(i),
+                        mStartTime, mEndTime);
+            } catch (RemoteException | SecurityException e) {
+                fail("testDeviceSummary fails with exception: " + e.toString());
+            }
+            assertNotNull(bucket);
+            assertTimestamps(bucket);
+            assertEquals(bucket.getState(), STATE_ALL);
+            assertEquals(bucket.getUid(), UID_ALL);
+            assertEquals(bucket.getMetered(), METERED_ALL);
+            assertEquals(bucket.getRoaming(), ROAMING_ALL);
+            assertEquals(bucket.getDefaultNetworkStatus(), DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL);
+            setAppOpsMode(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_GET_USAGE_STATS, "deny");
+            try {
+                bucket = mNsm.querySummaryForDevice(
+                        mNetworkInterfacesToTest[i].getNetworkType(), getSubscriberId(i),
+                        mStartTime, mEndTime);
+                fail("negative testDeviceSummary fails: no exception thrown.");
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                fail("testDeviceSummary fails with exception: " + e.toString());
+            } catch (SecurityException e) {
+                // expected outcome
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @AppModeFull
+    public void testUserSummary() throws Exception {
+        for (int i = 0; i < mNetworkInterfacesToTest.length; ++i) {
+            if (!shouldTestThisNetworkType(i, MINUTE / 2)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            setAppOpsMode(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_GET_USAGE_STATS, "allow");
+            NetworkStats.Bucket bucket = null;
+            try {
+                bucket = mNsm.querySummaryForUser(
+                        mNetworkInterfacesToTest[i].getNetworkType(), getSubscriberId(i),
+                        mStartTime, mEndTime);
+            } catch (RemoteException | SecurityException e) {
+                fail("testUserSummary fails with exception: " + e.toString());
+            }
+            assertNotNull(bucket);
+            assertTimestamps(bucket);
+            assertEquals(bucket.getState(), STATE_ALL);
+            assertEquals(bucket.getUid(), UID_ALL);
+            assertEquals(bucket.getMetered(), METERED_ALL);
+            assertEquals(bucket.getRoaming(), ROAMING_ALL);
+            assertEquals(bucket.getDefaultNetworkStatus(), DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL);
+            setAppOpsMode(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_GET_USAGE_STATS, "deny");
+            try {
+                bucket = mNsm.querySummaryForUser(
+                        mNetworkInterfacesToTest[i].getNetworkType(), getSubscriberId(i),
+                        mStartTime, mEndTime);
+                fail("negative testUserSummary fails: no exception thrown.");
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                fail("testUserSummary fails with exception: " + e.toString());
+            } catch (SecurityException e) {
+                // expected outcome
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @AppModeFull
+    public void testAppSummary() throws Exception {
+        for (int i = 0; i < mNetworkInterfacesToTest.length; ++i) {
+            // Use tolerance value that large enough to make sure stats of at
+            // least one bucket is included. However, this is possible that
+            // the test will see data of different app but with the same UID
+            // that created before testing.
+            // TODO: Consider query stats before testing and use the difference to verify.
+            if (!shouldTestThisNetworkType(i, MINUTE * 120)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            setAppOpsMode(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_GET_USAGE_STATS, "allow");
+            NetworkStats result = null;
+            try {
+                result = mNsm.querySummary(
+                        mNetworkInterfacesToTest[i].getNetworkType(), getSubscriberId(i),
+                        mStartTime, mEndTime);
+                assertNotNull(result);
+                NetworkStats.Bucket bucket = new NetworkStats.Bucket();
+                long totalTxPackets = 0;
+                long totalRxPackets = 0;
+                long totalTxBytes = 0;
+                long totalRxBytes = 0;
+                boolean hasCorrectMetering = false;
+                boolean hasCorrectRoaming = false;
+                boolean hasCorrectDefaultStatus = false;
+                int expectedMetering = mNetworkInterfacesToTest[i].getMetered()
+                        ? METERED_YES : METERED_NO;
+                int expectedRoaming = mNetworkInterfacesToTest[i].getRoaming()
+                        ? ROAMING_YES : ROAMING_NO;
+                int expectedDefaultStatus = mNetworkInterfacesToTest[i].getIsDefault()
+                        ? DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES : DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO;
+                while (result.hasNextBucket()) {
+                    assertTrue(result.getNextBucket(bucket));
+                    assertTimestamps(bucket);
+                    hasCorrectMetering |= bucket.getMetered() == expectedMetering;
+                    hasCorrectRoaming |= bucket.getRoaming() == expectedRoaming;
+                    if (bucket.getUid() == Process.myUid()) {
+                        totalTxPackets += bucket.getTxPackets();
+                        totalRxPackets += bucket.getRxPackets();
+                        totalTxBytes += bucket.getTxBytes();
+                        totalRxBytes += bucket.getRxBytes();
+                        hasCorrectDefaultStatus |=
+                                bucket.getDefaultNetworkStatus() == expectedDefaultStatus;
+                    }
+                }
+                assertFalse(result.getNextBucket(bucket));
+                assertTrue("Incorrect metering for NetworkType: "
+                        + mNetworkInterfacesToTest[i].getNetworkType(), hasCorrectMetering);
+                assertTrue("Incorrect roaming for NetworkType: "
+                        + mNetworkInterfacesToTest[i].getNetworkType(), hasCorrectRoaming);
+                assertTrue("Incorrect isDefault for NetworkType: "
+                        + mNetworkInterfacesToTest[i].getNetworkType(), hasCorrectDefaultStatus);
+                assertTrue("No Rx bytes usage for uid " + Process.myUid(), totalRxBytes > 0);
+                assertTrue("No Rx packets usage for uid " + Process.myUid(), totalRxPackets > 0);
+                assertTrue("No Tx bytes usage for uid " + Process.myUid(), totalTxBytes > 0);
+                assertTrue("No Tx packets usage for uid " + Process.myUid(), totalTxPackets > 0);
+            } finally {
+                if (result != null) {
+                    result.close();
+                }
+            }
+            setAppOpsMode(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_GET_USAGE_STATS, "deny");
+            try {
+                result = mNsm.querySummary(
+                        mNetworkInterfacesToTest[i].getNetworkType(), getSubscriberId(i),
+                        mStartTime, mEndTime);
+                fail("negative testAppSummary fails: no exception thrown.");
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                fail("testAppSummary fails with exception: " + e.toString());
+            } catch (SecurityException e) {
+                // expected outcome
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @AppModeFull
+    public void testAppDetails() throws Exception {
+        for (int i = 0; i < mNetworkInterfacesToTest.length; ++i) {
+            // Relatively large tolerance to accommodate for history bucket size.
+            if (!shouldTestThisNetworkType(i, MINUTE * 120)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            setAppOpsMode(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_GET_USAGE_STATS, "allow");
+            NetworkStats result = null;
+            try {
+                result = mNsm.queryDetails(
+                        mNetworkInterfacesToTest[i].getNetworkType(), getSubscriberId(i),
+                        mStartTime, mEndTime);
+                long totalBytesWithSubscriberId = getTotalAndAssertNotEmpty(result);
+
+                // Test without filtering by subscriberId
+                result = mNsm.queryDetails(
+                        mNetworkInterfacesToTest[i].getNetworkType(), null,
+                        mStartTime, mEndTime);
+
+                assertTrue("More bytes with subscriberId filter than without.",
+                        getTotalAndAssertNotEmpty(result) >= totalBytesWithSubscriberId);
+            } catch (RemoteException | SecurityException e) {
+                fail("testAppDetails fails with exception: " + e.toString());
+            } finally {
+                if (result != null) {
+                    result.close();
+                }
+            }
+            setAppOpsMode(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_GET_USAGE_STATS, "deny");
+            try {
+                result = mNsm.queryDetails(
+                        mNetworkInterfacesToTest[i].getNetworkType(), getSubscriberId(i),
+                        mStartTime, mEndTime);
+                fail("negative testAppDetails fails: no exception thrown.");
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                fail("testAppDetails fails with exception: " + e.toString());
+            } catch (SecurityException e) {
+                // expected outcome
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @AppModeFull
+    public void testUidDetails() throws Exception {
+        for (int i = 0; i < mNetworkInterfacesToTest.length; ++i) {
+            // Relatively large tolerance to accommodate for history bucket size.
+            if (!shouldTestThisNetworkType(i, MINUTE * 120)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            setAppOpsMode(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_GET_USAGE_STATS, "allow");
+            NetworkStats result = null;
+            try {
+                result = mNsm.queryDetailsForUid(
+                        mNetworkInterfacesToTest[i].getNetworkType(), getSubscriberId(i),
+                        mStartTime, mEndTime, Process.myUid());
+                assertNotNull(result);
+                NetworkStats.Bucket bucket = new NetworkStats.Bucket();
+                long totalTxPackets = 0;
+                long totalRxPackets = 0;
+                long totalTxBytes = 0;
+                long totalRxBytes = 0;
+                while (result.hasNextBucket()) {
+                    assertTrue(result.getNextBucket(bucket));
+                    assertTimestamps(bucket);
+                    assertEquals(bucket.getState(), STATE_ALL);
+                    assertEquals(bucket.getMetered(), METERED_ALL);
+                    assertEquals(bucket.getRoaming(), ROAMING_ALL);
+                    assertEquals(bucket.getDefaultNetworkStatus(), DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL);
+                    assertEquals(bucket.getUid(), Process.myUid());
+                    totalTxPackets += bucket.getTxPackets();
+                    totalRxPackets += bucket.getRxPackets();
+                    totalTxBytes += bucket.getTxBytes();
+                    totalRxBytes += bucket.getRxBytes();
+                }
+                assertFalse(result.getNextBucket(bucket));
+                assertTrue("No Rx bytes usage for uid " + Process.myUid(), totalRxBytes > 0);
+                assertTrue("No Rx packets usage for uid " + Process.myUid(), totalRxPackets > 0);
+                assertTrue("No Tx bytes usage for uid " + Process.myUid(), totalTxBytes > 0);
+                assertTrue("No Tx packets usage for uid " + Process.myUid(), totalTxPackets > 0);
+            } finally {
+                if (result != null) {
+                    result.close();
+                }
+            }
+            setAppOpsMode(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_GET_USAGE_STATS, "deny");
+            try {
+                result = mNsm.queryDetailsForUid(
+                        mNetworkInterfacesToTest[i].getNetworkType(), getSubscriberId(i),
+                        mStartTime, mEndTime, Process.myUid());
+                fail("negative testUidDetails fails: no exception thrown.");
+            } catch (SecurityException e) {
+                // expected outcome
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @AppModeFull
+    public void testTagDetails() throws Exception {
+        for (int i = 0; i < mNetworkInterfacesToTest.length; ++i) {
+            // Relatively large tolerance to accommodate for history bucket size.
+            if (!shouldTestThisNetworkType(i, MINUTE * 120)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            setAppOpsMode(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_GET_USAGE_STATS, "allow");
+            NetworkStats result = null;
+            try {
+                result = mNsm.queryDetailsForUidTag(
+                        mNetworkInterfacesToTest[i].getNetworkType(), getSubscriberId(i),
+                        mStartTime, mEndTime, Process.myUid(), NETWORK_TAG);
+                assertNotNull(result);
+                NetworkStats.Bucket bucket = new NetworkStats.Bucket();
+                long totalTxPackets = 0;
+                long totalRxPackets = 0;
+                long totalTxBytes = 0;
+                long totalRxBytes = 0;
+                while (result.hasNextBucket()) {
+                    assertTrue(result.getNextBucket(bucket));
+                    assertTimestamps(bucket);
+                    assertEquals(bucket.getState(), STATE_ALL);
+                    assertEquals(bucket.getMetered(), METERED_ALL);
+                    assertEquals(bucket.getRoaming(), ROAMING_ALL);
+                    assertEquals(bucket.getDefaultNetworkStatus(), DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL);
+                    assertEquals(bucket.getUid(), Process.myUid());
+                    if (bucket.getTag() == NETWORK_TAG) {
+                        totalTxPackets += bucket.getTxPackets();
+                        totalRxPackets += bucket.getRxPackets();
+                        totalTxBytes += bucket.getTxBytes();
+                        totalRxBytes += bucket.getRxBytes();
+                    }
+                }
+                assertTrue("No Rx bytes tagged with 0x" + Integer.toHexString(NETWORK_TAG)
+                        + " for uid " + Process.myUid(), totalRxBytes > 0);
+                assertTrue("No Rx packets tagged with 0x" + Integer.toHexString(NETWORK_TAG)
+                        + " for uid " + Process.myUid(), totalRxPackets > 0);
+                assertTrue("No Tx bytes tagged with 0x" + Integer.toHexString(NETWORK_TAG)
+                        + " for uid " + Process.myUid(), totalTxBytes > 0);
+                assertTrue("No Tx packets tagged with 0x" + Integer.toHexString(NETWORK_TAG)
+                        + " for uid " + Process.myUid(), totalTxPackets > 0);
+            } finally {
+                if (result != null) {
+                    result.close();
+                }
+            }
+            setAppOpsMode(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_GET_USAGE_STATS, "deny");
+            try {
+                result = mNsm.queryDetailsForUidTag(
+                        mNetworkInterfacesToTest[i].getNetworkType(), getSubscriberId(i),
+                        mStartTime, mEndTime, Process.myUid(), NETWORK_TAG);
+                fail("negative testUidDetails fails: no exception thrown.");
+            } catch (SecurityException e) {
+                // expected outcome
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    class QueryResult {
+        public final int tag;
+        public final int state;
+        public final long total;
+
+        QueryResult(int tag, int state, NetworkStats stats) {
+            this.tag = tag;
+            this.state = state;
+            total = getTotalAndAssertNotEmpty(stats, tag, state);
+        }
+
+        public String toString() {
+            return String.format("QueryResult(tag=%s state=%s total=%d)",
+                    tagToString(tag), stateToString(state), total);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private NetworkStats getNetworkStatsForTagState(int i, int tag, int state) {
+        return mNsm.queryDetailsForUidTagState(
+                mNetworkInterfacesToTest[i].getNetworkType(), getSubscriberId(i),
+                mStartTime, mEndTime, Process.myUid(), tag, state);
+    }
+
+    private void assertWithinPercentage(String msg, long expected, long actual, int percentage) {
+        long lowerBound = expected * (100 - percentage) / 100;
+        long upperBound = expected * (100 + percentage) / 100;
+        msg = String.format("%s: %d not within %d%% of %d", msg, actual, percentage, expected);
+        assertTrue(msg, lowerBound <= actual);
+        assertTrue(msg, upperBound >= actual);
+    }
+
+    private void assertAlmostNoUnexpectedTraffic(NetworkStats result, int expectedTag,
+            int expectedState, long maxUnexpected) {
+        long total = 0;
+        NetworkStats.Bucket bucket = new NetworkStats.Bucket();
+        while (result.hasNextBucket()) {
+            assertTrue(result.getNextBucket(bucket));
+            total += bucket.getRxBytes() + bucket.getTxBytes();
+        }
+        if (total <= maxUnexpected) return;
+
+        fail(String.format("More than %d bytes of traffic when querying for "
+                + "tag %s state %s. Last bucket: uid=%d tag=%s state=%s bytes=%d/%d",
+                maxUnexpected, tagToString(expectedTag), stateToString(expectedState),
+                bucket.getUid(), tagToString(bucket.getTag()), stateToString(bucket.getState()),
+                bucket.getRxBytes(), bucket.getTxBytes()));
+    }
+
+    @AppModeFull
+    public void testUidTagStateDetails() throws Exception {
+        for (int i = 0; i < mNetworkInterfacesToTest.length; ++i) {
+            // Relatively large tolerance to accommodate for history bucket size.
+            if (!shouldTestThisNetworkType(i, MINUTE * 120)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            setAppOpsMode(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_GET_USAGE_STATS, "allow");
+            NetworkStats result = null;
+            try {
+                int currentState = isInForeground() ? STATE_FOREGROUND : STATE_DEFAULT;
+                int otherState = (currentState == STATE_DEFAULT) ? STATE_FOREGROUND : STATE_DEFAULT;
+
+                int[] tagsWithTraffic = {NETWORK_TAG, TAG_NONE};
+                int[] statesWithTraffic = {currentState, STATE_ALL};
+                ArrayList<QueryResult> resultsWithTraffic = new ArrayList<>();
+
+                int[] statesWithNoTraffic = {otherState};
+                int[] tagsWithNoTraffic = {NETWORK_TAG + 1};
+                ArrayList<QueryResult> resultsWithNoTraffic = new ArrayList<>();
+
+                // Expect to see traffic when querying for any combination of a tag in
+                // tagsWithTraffic and a state in statesWithTraffic.
+                for (int tag : tagsWithTraffic) {
+                    for (int state : statesWithTraffic) {
+                        result = getNetworkStatsForTagState(i, tag, state);
+                        resultsWithTraffic.add(new QueryResult(tag, state, result));
+                        result.close();
+                        result = null;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Expect that the results are within a few percentage points of each other.
+                // This is ensures that FIN retransmits after the transfer is complete don't cause
+                // the test to be flaky. The test URL currently returns just over 100k so this
+                // should not be too noisy. It also ensures that the traffic sent by the test
+                // harness, which is untagged, won't cause a failure.
+                long firstTotal = resultsWithTraffic.get(0).total;
+                for (QueryResult queryResult : resultsWithTraffic) {
+                    assertWithinPercentage(queryResult + "", firstTotal, queryResult.total, 10);
+                }
+
+                // Expect to see no traffic when querying for any tag in tagsWithNoTraffic or any
+                // state in statesWithNoTraffic.
+                for (int tag : tagsWithNoTraffic) {
+                    for (int state : statesWithTraffic) {
+                        result = getNetworkStatsForTagState(i, tag, state);
+                        assertAlmostNoUnexpectedTraffic(result, tag, state, firstTotal / 100);
+                        result.close();
+                        result = null;
+                    }
+                }
+                for (int tag : tagsWithTraffic) {
+                    for (int state : statesWithNoTraffic) {
+                        result = getNetworkStatsForTagState(i, tag, state);
+                        assertAlmostNoUnexpectedTraffic(result, tag, state, firstTotal / 100);
+                        result.close();
+                        result = null;
+                    }
+                }
+            } finally {
+                if (result != null) {
+                    result.close();
+                }
+            }
+            setAppOpsMode(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_GET_USAGE_STATS, "deny");
+            try {
+                result = mNsm.queryDetailsForUidTag(
+                        mNetworkInterfacesToTest[i].getNetworkType(), getSubscriberId(i),
+                        mStartTime, mEndTime, Process.myUid(), NETWORK_TAG);
+                fail("negative testUidDetails fails: no exception thrown.");
+            } catch (SecurityException e) {
+                // expected outcome
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @AppModeFull
+    public void testCallback() throws Exception {
+        for (int i = 0; i < mNetworkInterfacesToTest.length; ++i) {
+            // Relatively large tolerance to accommodate for history bucket size.
+            if (!shouldTestThisNetworkType(i, MINUTE / 2)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            setAppOpsMode(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_GET_USAGE_STATS, "allow");
+
+            TestUsageCallback usageCallback = new TestUsageCallback();
+            HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("callback-thread");
+            thread.start();
+            Handler handler = new Handler(thread.getLooper());
+            mNsm.registerUsageCallback(mNetworkInterfacesToTest[i].getNetworkType(),
+                    getSubscriberId(i), THRESHOLD_BYTES, usageCallback, handler);
+
+            // TODO: Force traffic and check whether the callback is invoked.
+            // Right now the test only covers whether the callback can be registered, but not
+            // whether it is invoked upon data usage since we don't have a scalable way of
+            // storing files of >2MB in CTS.
+
+            mNsm.unregisterUsageCallback(usageCallback);
+
+            // For T- devices, the registerUsageCallback invocation below will need a looper
+            // from the thread that calls into the API, which is not available in the test.
+            if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
+                mNsm.registerUsageCallback(mNetworkInterfacesToTest[i].getNetworkType(),
+                        getSubscriberId(i), THRESHOLD_BYTES, usageCallback);
+                mNsm.unregisterUsageCallback(usageCallback);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @AppModeFull
+    @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2)
+    public void testDataMigrationUtils() throws Exception {
+        final List<String> prefixes = List.of(PREFIX_UID, PREFIX_XT, PREFIX_UID_TAG);
+        for (final String prefix : prefixes) {
+            final long duration = TextUtils.equals(PREFIX_XT, prefix) ? TimeUnit.HOURS.toMillis(1)
+                    : TimeUnit.HOURS.toMillis(2);
+
+            final NetworkStatsCollection collection =
+                    NetworkStatsDataMigrationUtils.readPlatformCollection(prefix, duration);
+
+            final long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
+            final Set<Map.Entry<NetworkStatsCollection.Key, NetworkStatsHistory>> entries =
+                    collection.getEntries().entrySet();
+            for (final Map.Entry<NetworkStatsCollection.Key, NetworkStatsHistory> entry : entries) {
+                for (final NetworkStatsHistory.Entry historyEntry : entry.getValue().getEntries()) {
+                    // Verify all value fields are reasonable.
+                    assertTrue(historyEntry.getBucketStart() <= now);
+                    assertTrue(historyEntry.getActiveTime() <= duration);
+                    assertTrue(historyEntry.getRxBytes() >= 0);
+                    assertTrue(historyEntry.getRxPackets() >= 0);
+                    assertTrue(historyEntry.getTxBytes() >= 0);
+                    assertTrue(historyEntry.getTxPackets() >= 0);
+                    assertTrue(historyEntry.getOperations() >= 0);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private String tagToString(Integer tag) {
+        if (tag == null) return "null";
+        switch (tag) {
+            case TAG_NONE:
+                return "TAG_NONE";
+            default:
+                return "0x" + Integer.toHexString(tag);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private String stateToString(Integer state) {
+        if (state == null) return "null";
+        switch (state) {
+            case STATE_ALL:
+                return "STATE_ALL";
+            case STATE_DEFAULT:
+                return "STATE_DEFAULT";
+            case STATE_FOREGROUND:
+                return "STATE_FOREGROUND";
+        }
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown state " + state);
+    }
+
+    private long getTotalAndAssertNotEmpty(NetworkStats result, Integer expectedTag,
+            Integer expectedState) {
+        assertTrue(result != null);
+        NetworkStats.Bucket bucket = new NetworkStats.Bucket();
+        long totalTxPackets = 0;
+        long totalRxPackets = 0;
+        long totalTxBytes = 0;
+        long totalRxBytes = 0;
+        while (result.hasNextBucket()) {
+            assertTrue(result.getNextBucket(bucket));
+            assertTimestamps(bucket);
+            if (expectedTag != null) assertEquals(bucket.getTag(), (int) expectedTag);
+            if (expectedState != null) assertEquals(bucket.getState(), (int) expectedState);
+            assertEquals(bucket.getMetered(), METERED_ALL);
+            assertEquals(bucket.getRoaming(), ROAMING_ALL);
+            assertEquals(bucket.getDefaultNetworkStatus(), DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL);
+            if (bucket.getUid() == Process.myUid()) {
+                totalTxPackets += bucket.getTxPackets();
+                totalRxPackets += bucket.getRxPackets();
+                totalTxBytes += bucket.getTxBytes();
+                totalRxBytes += bucket.getRxBytes();
+            }
+        }
+        assertFalse(result.getNextBucket(bucket));
+        String msg = String.format("uid %d tag %s state %s",
+                Process.myUid(), tagToString(expectedTag), stateToString(expectedState));
+        assertTrue("No Rx bytes usage for " + msg, totalRxBytes > 0);
+        assertTrue("No Rx packets usage for " + msg, totalRxPackets > 0);
+        assertTrue("No Tx bytes usage for " + msg, totalTxBytes > 0);
+        assertTrue("No Tx packets usage for " + msg, totalTxPackets > 0);
+
+        return totalRxBytes + totalTxBytes;
+    }
+
+    private long getTotalAndAssertNotEmpty(NetworkStats result) {
+        return getTotalAndAssertNotEmpty(result, null, STATE_ALL);
+    }
+
+    private void assertTimestamps(final NetworkStats.Bucket bucket) {
+        assertTrue("Start timestamp " + bucket.getStartTimeStamp() + " is less than "
+                + mStartTime, bucket.getStartTimeStamp() >= mStartTime);
+        assertTrue("End timestamp " + bucket.getEndTimeStamp() + " is greater than "
+                + mEndTime, bucket.getEndTimeStamp() <= mEndTime);
+    }
+
+    private static class TestUsageCallback extends NetworkStatsManager.UsageCallback {
+        @Override
+        public void onThresholdReached(int networkType, String subscriberId) {
+            Log.v(LOG_TAG, "Called onThresholdReached for networkType=" + networkType
+                    + " subscriberId=" + subscriberId);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkValidationTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkValidationTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e98dba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkValidationTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts
+
+import android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS
+import android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS
+import android.content.Context
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager
+import android.net.EthernetManager
+import android.net.InetAddresses
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST
+import android.net.NetworkRequest
+import android.net.TestNetworkInterface
+import android.net.TestNetworkManager
+import android.net.Uri
+import android.net.dhcp.DhcpDiscoverPacket
+import android.net.dhcp.DhcpPacket
+import android.net.dhcp.DhcpPacket.DHCP_MESSAGE_TYPE
+import android.net.dhcp.DhcpPacket.DHCP_MESSAGE_TYPE_DISCOVER
+import android.net.dhcp.DhcpPacket.DHCP_MESSAGE_TYPE_REQUEST
+import android.net.dhcp.DhcpRequestPacket
+import android.os.Build
+import android.os.HandlerThread
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull
+import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
+import com.android.net.module.util.Inet4AddressUtils.getBroadcastAddress
+import com.android.net.module.util.Inet4AddressUtils.getPrefixMaskAsInet4Address
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV4_ADDR_ANY
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DhcpClientPacketFilter
+import com.android.testutils.DhcpOptionFilter
+import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry
+import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReader
+import com.android.testutils.TestHttpServer
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
+import com.android.testutils.runAsShell
+import fi.iki.elonen.NanoHTTPD.Response.Status
+import org.junit.After
+import org.junit.Assume.assumeFalse
+import org.junit.Before
+import org.junit.Rule
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import java.net.Inet4Address
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
+import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+import kotlin.test.fail
+
+private const val MAX_PACKET_LENGTH = 1500
+private const val TEST_TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000L
+
+private const val TEST_LEASE_TIMEOUT_SECS = 3600 * 12
+private const val TEST_PREFIX_LENGTH = 24
+
+private const val TEST_LOGIN_URL = "https://login.capport.android.com"
+private const val TEST_VENUE_INFO_URL = "https://venueinfo.capport.android.com"
+private const val TEST_DOMAIN_NAME = "lan"
+private const val TEST_MTU = 1500.toShort()
+
+@AppModeFull(reason = "Instant apps cannot create test networks")
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+class NetworkValidationTest {
+    @JvmField
+    @Rule
+    val ignoreRule = DevSdkIgnoreRule(ignoreClassUpTo = Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+
+    private val context by lazy { InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().context }
+    private val tnm by lazy { context.assertHasService(TestNetworkManager::class.java) }
+    private val eth by lazy { context.assertHasService(EthernetManager::class.java) }
+    private val cm by lazy { context.assertHasService(ConnectivityManager::class.java) }
+
+    private val handlerThread = HandlerThread(NetworkValidationTest::class.java.simpleName)
+    private val serverIpAddr = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.222") as Inet4Address
+    private val clientIpAddr = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.111") as Inet4Address
+    private val httpServer = TestHttpServer()
+    private val ethRequest = NetworkRequest.Builder()
+            // ETHERNET|TEST transport networks do not have NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED
+            .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+            .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST).build()
+    private val ethRequestCb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+
+    private lateinit var iface: TestNetworkInterface
+    private lateinit var reader: TapPacketReader
+    private lateinit var capportUrl: Uri
+
+    private var testSkipped = false
+
+    @Before
+    fun setUp() {
+        // This test requires using a tap interface as an ethernet interface.
+        val pm = context.getPackageManager()
+        testSkipped = !pm.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_ETHERNET) &&
+                context.getSystemService(EthernetManager::class.java) == null
+        assumeFalse(testSkipped)
+
+        // Register a request so the network does not get torn down
+        cm.requestNetwork(ethRequest, ethRequestCb)
+        runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS) {
+            eth.setIncludeTestInterfaces(true)
+            // Keeping a reference to the test interface also makes sure the ParcelFileDescriptor
+            // does not go out of scope, which would cause it to close the underlying FileDescriptor
+            // in its finalizer.
+            iface = tnm.createTapInterface()
+        }
+
+        handlerThread.start()
+        reader = TapPacketReader(
+                handlerThread.threadHandler,
+                iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor,
+                MAX_PACKET_LENGTH)
+        reader.startAsyncForTest()
+        httpServer.start()
+
+        // Pad the listening port to make sure it is always of length 5. This ensures the URL has
+        // always the same length so the test can use constant IP and UDP header lengths.
+        // The maximum port number is 65535 so a length of 5 is always enough.
+        capportUrl = Uri.parse("http://localhost:${httpServer.listeningPort}/testapi.html?par=val")
+    }
+
+    @After
+    fun tearDown() {
+        if (testSkipped) return
+        cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(ethRequestCb)
+
+        runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS) { eth.setIncludeTestInterfaces(false) }
+
+        httpServer.stop()
+        handlerThread.threadHandler.post { reader.stop() }
+        handlerThread.quitSafely()
+
+        iface.fileDescriptor.close()
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testCapportApiCallbacks() {
+        httpServer.addResponse(capportUrl, Status.OK, content = """
+                |{
+                |  "captive": true,
+                |  "user-portal-url": "$TEST_LOGIN_URL",
+                |  "venue-info-url": "$TEST_VENUE_INFO_URL"
+                |}
+            """.trimMargin())
+
+        // Handle the DHCP handshake that includes the capport API URL
+        val discover = reader.assertDhcpPacketReceived(
+                DhcpDiscoverPacket::class.java, TEST_TIMEOUT_MS, DHCP_MESSAGE_TYPE_DISCOVER)
+        reader.sendResponse(makeOfferPacket(discover.clientMac, discover.transactionId))
+
+        val request = reader.assertDhcpPacketReceived(
+                DhcpRequestPacket::class.java, TEST_TIMEOUT_MS, DHCP_MESSAGE_TYPE_REQUEST)
+        assertEquals(discover.transactionId, request.transactionId)
+        assertEquals(clientIpAddr, request.mRequestedIp)
+        reader.sendResponse(makeAckPacket(request.clientMac, request.transactionId))
+
+        // The first request received by the server should be for the portal API
+        assertTrue(httpServer.requestsRecord.poll(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS, 0)?.matches(capportUrl) ?: false,
+                "The device did not fetch captive portal API data within timeout")
+
+        // Expect network callbacks with capport info
+        val testCb = TestableNetworkCallback(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        // LinkProperties do not contain captive portal info if the callback is registered without
+        // NETWORK_SETTINGS permissions.
+        val lp = runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS) {
+            cm.registerNetworkCallback(ethRequest, testCb)
+
+            try {
+                val ncCb = testCb.eventuallyExpect<CallbackEntry.CapabilitiesChanged> {
+                    it.caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL)
+                }
+                testCb.eventuallyExpect<CallbackEntry.LinkPropertiesChanged> {
+                    it.network == ncCb.network && it.lp.captivePortalData != null
+                }.lp
+            } finally {
+                cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(testCb)
+            }
+        }
+
+        assertEquals(capportUrl, lp.captivePortalApiUrl)
+        with(lp.captivePortalData) {
+            assertNotNull(this)
+            assertTrue(isCaptive)
+            assertEquals(Uri.parse(TEST_LOGIN_URL), userPortalUrl)
+            assertEquals(Uri.parse(TEST_VENUE_INFO_URL), venueInfoUrl)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun makeOfferPacket(clientMac: ByteArray, transactionId: Int) =
+            DhcpPacket.buildOfferPacket(DhcpPacket.ENCAP_L2, transactionId,
+                    false /* broadcast */, serverIpAddr, IPV4_ADDR_ANY /* relayIp */, clientIpAddr,
+                    clientMac, TEST_LEASE_TIMEOUT_SECS,
+                    getPrefixMaskAsInet4Address(TEST_PREFIX_LENGTH),
+                    getBroadcastAddress(clientIpAddr, TEST_PREFIX_LENGTH),
+                    listOf(serverIpAddr) /* gateways */, listOf(serverIpAddr) /* dnsServers */,
+                    serverIpAddr, TEST_DOMAIN_NAME, null /* hostname */, true /* metered */,
+                    TEST_MTU, capportUrl.toString())
+
+    private fun makeAckPacket(clientMac: ByteArray, transactionId: Int) =
+            DhcpPacket.buildAckPacket(DhcpPacket.ENCAP_L2, transactionId,
+                    false /* broadcast */, serverIpAddr, IPV4_ADDR_ANY /* relayIp */, clientIpAddr,
+                    clientIpAddr /* requestClientIp */, clientMac, TEST_LEASE_TIMEOUT_SECS,
+                    getPrefixMaskAsInet4Address(TEST_PREFIX_LENGTH),
+                    getBroadcastAddress(clientIpAddr, TEST_PREFIX_LENGTH),
+                    listOf(serverIpAddr) /* gateways */, listOf(serverIpAddr) /* dnsServers */,
+                    serverIpAddr, TEST_DOMAIN_NAME, null /* hostname */, true /* metered */,
+                    TEST_MTU, false /* rapidCommit */, capportUrl.toString())
+}
+
+private fun <T : DhcpPacket> TapPacketReader.assertDhcpPacketReceived(
+    packetType: Class<T>,
+    timeoutMs: Long,
+    type: Byte
+): T {
+    val packetBytes = poll(timeoutMs, DhcpClientPacketFilter()
+            .and(DhcpOptionFilter(DHCP_MESSAGE_TYPE, type)))
+            ?: fail("${packetType.simpleName} not received within timeout")
+    val packet = DhcpPacket.decodeFullPacket(packetBytes, packetBytes.size, DhcpPacket.ENCAP_L2)
+    assertTrue(packetType.isInstance(packet),
+            "Expected ${packetType.simpleName} but got ${packet.javaClass.simpleName}")
+    return packetType.cast(packet)
+}
+
+private fun <T> Context.assertHasService(manager: Class<T>): T {
+    return getSystemService(manager) ?: fail("Service $manager not found")
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkValidationTestUtil.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkValidationTestUtil.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..391d03a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkValidationTestUtil.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts
+
+import android.Manifest
+import android.net.util.NetworkStackUtils
+import android.provider.DeviceConfig
+import android.provider.DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY
+import android.util.Log
+import com.android.testutils.runAsShell
+import com.android.testutils.tryTest
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit
+
+/**
+ * Collection of utility methods for configuring network validation.
+ */
+internal object NetworkValidationTestUtil {
+    val TAG = NetworkValidationTestUtil::class.simpleName
+    const val TIMEOUT_MS = 20_000L
+
+    /**
+     * Clear the test network validation URLs.
+     */
+    @JvmStatic fun clearValidationTestUrlsDeviceConfig() {
+        setHttpsUrlDeviceConfig(null)
+        setHttpUrlDeviceConfig(null)
+        setUrlExpirationDeviceConfig(null)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the test validation HTTPS URL.
+     *
+     * @see NetworkStackUtils.TEST_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_HTTPS_URL
+     */
+    @JvmStatic fun setHttpsUrlDeviceConfig(url: String?) =
+            setConfig(NetworkStackUtils.TEST_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_HTTPS_URL, url)
+
+    /**
+     * Set the test validation HTTP URL.
+     *
+     * @see NetworkStackUtils.TEST_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_HTTP_URL
+     */
+    @JvmStatic fun setHttpUrlDeviceConfig(url: String?) =
+            setConfig(NetworkStackUtils.TEST_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_HTTP_URL, url)
+
+    /**
+     * Set the test validation URL expiration.
+     *
+     * @see NetworkStackUtils.TEST_URL_EXPIRATION_TIME
+     */
+    @JvmStatic fun setUrlExpirationDeviceConfig(timestamp: Long?) =
+            setConfig(NetworkStackUtils.TEST_URL_EXPIRATION_TIME, timestamp?.toString())
+
+    private fun setConfig(configKey: String, value: String?): String? {
+        Log.i(TAG, "Setting config \"$configKey\" to \"$value\"")
+        val readWritePermissions = arrayOf(
+                Manifest.permission.READ_DEVICE_CONFIG,
+                Manifest.permission.WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG)
+
+        val existingValue = runAsShell(*readWritePermissions) {
+            DeviceConfig.getProperty(NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY, configKey)
+        }
+        if (existingValue == value) {
+            // Already the correct value. There may be a race if a change is already in flight,
+            // but if multiple threads update the config there is no way to fix that anyway.
+            Log.i(TAG, "\$configKey\" already had value \"$value\"")
+            return value
+        }
+
+        val future = CompletableFuture<String>()
+        val listener = DeviceConfig.OnPropertiesChangedListener {
+            // The listener receives updates for any change to any key, so don't react to
+            // changes that do not affect the relevant key
+            if (!it.keyset.contains(configKey)) return@OnPropertiesChangedListener
+            if (it.getString(configKey, null) == value) {
+                future.complete(value)
+            }
+        }
+
+        return tryTest {
+            runAsShell(*readWritePermissions) {
+                DeviceConfig.addOnPropertiesChangedListener(
+                        NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY,
+                        inlineExecutor,
+                        listener)
+                DeviceConfig.setProperty(
+                        NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY,
+                        configKey,
+                        value,
+                        false /* makeDefault */)
+                // Don't drop the permission until the config is applied, just in case
+                future.get(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
+            }.also {
+                Log.i(TAG, "Config \"$configKey\" successfully set to \"$value\"")
+            }
+        } cleanup {
+            DeviceConfig.removeOnPropertiesChangedListener(listener)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private val inlineExecutor get() = Executor { r -> r.run() }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkWatchlistTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkWatchlistTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6833c70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkWatchlistTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
+
+import android.app.UiAutomation;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.os.FileUtils;
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.ApiLevelUtil;
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.util.Formatter;
+
+@SmallTest
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+public class NetworkWatchlistTest {
+
+    private static final String TEST_WATCHLIST_XML = "assets/network_watchlist_config_for_test.xml";
+    private static final String TEST_EMPTY_WATCHLIST_XML =
+            "assets/network_watchlist_config_empty_for_test.xml";
+    private static final String TMP_CONFIG_PATH =
+            "/data/local/tmp/network_watchlist_config_for_test.xml";
+    // Generated from sha256sum network_watchlist_config_for_test.xml
+    private static final String TEST_WATCHLIST_CONFIG_HASH =
+            "B5FC4636994180D54E1E912F78178AB1D8BD2BE71D90CA9F5BBC3284E4D04ED4";
+
+    private ConnectivityManager mConnectivityManager;
+    private boolean mHasFeature;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        mHasFeature = isAtLeastP();
+        mConnectivityManager =
+                (ConnectivityManager) InstrumentationRegistry.getContext().getSystemService(
+                        Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
+        assumeTrue(mHasFeature);
+        // Set empty watchlist test config before testing
+        setWatchlistConfig(TEST_EMPTY_WATCHLIST_XML);
+        // Verify test watchlist config is not set before testing
+        byte[] result = mConnectivityManager.getNetworkWatchlistConfigHash();
+        assertNotNull("Watchlist config does not exist", result);
+        assertNotEquals(TEST_WATCHLIST_CONFIG_HASH, byteArrayToHexString(result));
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        if (mHasFeature) {
+            // Set empty watchlist test config after testing
+            setWatchlistConfig(TEST_EMPTY_WATCHLIST_XML);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void cleanup() throws IOException {
+        runCommand("rm " + TMP_CONFIG_PATH);
+    }
+
+    private boolean isAtLeastP() throws Exception {
+        // TODO: replace with ApiLevelUtil.isAtLeast(Build.VERSION_CODES.P) when the P API level
+        // constant is defined.
+        return ApiLevelUtil.getCodename().compareToIgnoreCase("P") >= 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test if ConnectivityManager.getNetworkWatchlistConfigHash() correctly
+     * returns the hash of config we set.
+     */
+    @Test
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot access resource file in instant app mode")
+    public void testGetWatchlistConfigHash() throws Exception {
+        // Set watchlist config file for test
+        setWatchlistConfig(TEST_WATCHLIST_XML);
+        // Test if watchlist config hash value is correct
+        byte[] result = mConnectivityManager.getNetworkWatchlistConfigHash();
+        Assert.assertEquals(TEST_WATCHLIST_CONFIG_HASH, byteArrayToHexString(result));
+    }
+
+    private static String byteArrayToHexString(byte[] bytes) {
+        Formatter formatter = new Formatter();
+        for (byte b : bytes) {
+            formatter.format("%02X", b);
+        }
+        return formatter.toString();
+    }
+
+    private void setWatchlistConfig(String watchlistConfigFile) throws Exception {
+        Log.w("NetworkWatchlistTest", "Setting watchlist config " + watchlistConfigFile
+                + " in " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
+        cleanup();
+        saveResourceToFile(watchlistConfigFile, TMP_CONFIG_PATH);
+        final String cmdResult = runCommand(
+                "cmd network_watchlist set-test-config " + TMP_CONFIG_PATH).trim();
+        assertThat(cmdResult).contains("Success");
+        cleanup();
+    }
+
+    private void saveResourceToFile(String res, String filePath) throws IOException {
+        final UiAutomation uiAutomation = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation()
+                .getUiAutomation();
+        // App can't access /data/local/tmp directly, so we pipe resource to file through stdin.
+        // Not all devices have symlink for /dev/stdin, so use /proc/self/fd/0 directly.
+        // /dev/stdin maps to /proc/self/fd/0.
+        final ParcelFileDescriptor[] fileDescriptors = uiAutomation.executeShellCommandRw(
+                "cp /proc/self/fd/0 " + filePath);
+
+        ParcelFileDescriptor stdin = fileDescriptors[1];
+        ParcelFileDescriptor stdout = fileDescriptors[0];
+
+        pipeResourceToFileDescriptor(res, stdin);
+
+        // Wait for the process to close its stdout - which should mean it has completed.
+        consumeFile(stdout);
+    }
+
+    private void consumeFile(ParcelFileDescriptor pfd) throws IOException {
+        try (InputStream stream = new ParcelFileDescriptor.AutoCloseInputStream(pfd)) {
+            for (;;) {
+                if (stream.read() == -1) {
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void pipeResourceToFileDescriptor(String res, ParcelFileDescriptor pfd)
+            throws IOException {
+        try (InputStream resStream = getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(res);
+                FileOutputStream fdStream = new ParcelFileDescriptor.AutoCloseOutputStream(pfd)) {
+            FileUtils.copy(resStream, fdStream);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static String runCommand(String command) throws IOException {
+        return SystemUtil.runShellCommand(InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation(), command);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9506081
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,576 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net.cts
+
+import android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback
+import android.net.LinkProperties
+import android.net.Network
+import android.net.NetworkAgentConfig
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST
+import android.net.NetworkRequest
+import android.net.TestNetworkInterface
+import android.net.TestNetworkManager
+import android.net.TestNetworkSpecifier
+import android.net.cts.NsdManagerTest.NsdDiscoveryRecord.DiscoveryEvent.DiscoveryStarted
+import android.net.cts.NsdManagerTest.NsdDiscoveryRecord.DiscoveryEvent.DiscoveryStopped
+import android.net.cts.NsdManagerTest.NsdDiscoveryRecord.DiscoveryEvent.ServiceFound
+import android.net.cts.NsdManagerTest.NsdDiscoveryRecord.DiscoveryEvent.ServiceLost
+import android.net.cts.NsdManagerTest.NsdDiscoveryRecord.DiscoveryEvent.StartDiscoveryFailed
+import android.net.cts.NsdManagerTest.NsdDiscoveryRecord.DiscoveryEvent.StopDiscoveryFailed
+import android.net.cts.NsdManagerTest.NsdRegistrationRecord.RegistrationEvent.RegistrationFailed
+import android.net.cts.NsdManagerTest.NsdRegistrationRecord.RegistrationEvent.ServiceRegistered
+import android.net.cts.NsdManagerTest.NsdRegistrationRecord.RegistrationEvent.ServiceUnregistered
+import android.net.cts.NsdManagerTest.NsdRegistrationRecord.RegistrationEvent.UnregistrationFailed
+import android.net.cts.NsdManagerTest.NsdResolveRecord.ResolveEvent.ResolveFailed
+import android.net.cts.NsdManagerTest.NsdResolveRecord.ResolveEvent.ServiceResolved
+import android.net.nsd.NsdManager
+import android.net.nsd.NsdManager.DiscoveryListener
+import android.net.nsd.NsdManager.RegistrationListener
+import android.net.nsd.NsdManager.ResolveListener
+import android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo
+import android.os.HandlerThread
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull
+import android.util.Log
+import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
+import com.android.net.module.util.ArrayTrackRecord
+import com.android.net.module.util.TrackRecord
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.ConstantsShim
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.NsdShimImpl
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.SC_V2
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
+import com.android.testutils.runAsShell
+import com.android.testutils.tryTest
+import org.junit.After
+import org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals
+import org.junit.Assert.assertTrue
+import org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue
+import org.junit.Before
+import org.junit.Rule
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import java.net.ServerSocket
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets
+import java.util.Random
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith
+import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
+import kotlin.test.assertNull
+import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+import kotlin.test.fail
+
+private const val TAG = "NsdManagerTest"
+private const val SERVICE_TYPE = "_nmt._tcp"
+private const val TIMEOUT_MS = 2000L
+private const val DBG = false
+
+private val nsdShim = NsdShimImpl.newInstance()
+
+@AppModeFull(reason = "Socket cannot bind in instant app mode")
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+class NsdManagerTest {
+    // NsdManager is not updatable before S, so tests do not need to be backwards compatible
+    @get:Rule
+    val ignoreRule = DevSdkIgnoreRule(ignoreClassUpTo = SC_V2)
+
+    private val context by lazy { InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().context }
+    private val nsdManager by lazy { context.getSystemService(NsdManager::class.java) }
+
+    private val cm by lazy { context.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager::class.java) }
+    private val serviceName = "NsdTest%09d".format(Random().nextInt(1_000_000_000))
+    private val handlerThread = HandlerThread(NsdManagerTest::class.java.simpleName)
+
+    private lateinit var testNetwork1: TestTapNetwork
+    private lateinit var testNetwork2: TestTapNetwork
+
+    private class TestTapNetwork(
+        val iface: TestNetworkInterface,
+        val requestCb: NetworkCallback,
+        val agent: TestableNetworkAgent,
+        val network: Network
+    ) {
+        fun close(cm: ConnectivityManager) {
+            cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(requestCb)
+            agent.unregister()
+            iface.fileDescriptor.close()
+        }
+    }
+
+    private interface NsdEvent
+    private open class NsdRecord<T : NsdEvent> private constructor(
+        private val history: ArrayTrackRecord<T>
+    ) : TrackRecord<T> by history {
+        constructor() : this(ArrayTrackRecord())
+
+        val nextEvents = history.newReadHead()
+
+        inline fun <reified V : NsdEvent> expectCallbackEventually(
+            crossinline predicate: (V) -> Boolean = { true }
+        ): V = nextEvents.poll(TIMEOUT_MS) { e -> e is V && predicate(e) } as V?
+                ?: fail("Callback for ${V::class.java.simpleName} not seen after $TIMEOUT_MS ms")
+
+        inline fun <reified V : NsdEvent> expectCallback(): V {
+            val nextEvent = nextEvents.poll(TIMEOUT_MS)
+            assertNotNull(nextEvent, "No callback received after $TIMEOUT_MS ms")
+            assertTrue(nextEvent is V, "Expected ${V::class.java.simpleName} but got " +
+                    nextEvent.javaClass.simpleName)
+            return nextEvent
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class NsdRegistrationRecord : RegistrationListener,
+            NsdRecord<NsdRegistrationRecord.RegistrationEvent>() {
+        sealed class RegistrationEvent : NsdEvent {
+            abstract val serviceInfo: NsdServiceInfo
+
+            data class RegistrationFailed(
+                override val serviceInfo: NsdServiceInfo,
+                val errorCode: Int
+            ) : RegistrationEvent()
+
+            data class UnregistrationFailed(
+                override val serviceInfo: NsdServiceInfo,
+                val errorCode: Int
+            ) : RegistrationEvent()
+
+            data class ServiceRegistered(override val serviceInfo: NsdServiceInfo)
+                : RegistrationEvent()
+            data class ServiceUnregistered(override val serviceInfo: NsdServiceInfo)
+                : RegistrationEvent()
+        }
+
+        override fun onRegistrationFailed(si: NsdServiceInfo, err: Int) {
+            add(RegistrationFailed(si, err))
+        }
+
+        override fun onUnregistrationFailed(si: NsdServiceInfo, err: Int) {
+            add(UnregistrationFailed(si, err))
+        }
+
+        override fun onServiceRegistered(si: NsdServiceInfo) {
+            add(ServiceRegistered(si))
+        }
+
+        override fun onServiceUnregistered(si: NsdServiceInfo) {
+            add(ServiceUnregistered(si))
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class NsdDiscoveryRecord : DiscoveryListener,
+            NsdRecord<NsdDiscoveryRecord.DiscoveryEvent>() {
+        sealed class DiscoveryEvent : NsdEvent {
+            data class StartDiscoveryFailed(val serviceType: String, val errorCode: Int)
+                : DiscoveryEvent()
+
+            data class StopDiscoveryFailed(val serviceType: String, val errorCode: Int)
+                : DiscoveryEvent()
+
+            data class DiscoveryStarted(val serviceType: String) : DiscoveryEvent()
+            data class DiscoveryStopped(val serviceType: String) : DiscoveryEvent()
+            data class ServiceFound(val serviceInfo: NsdServiceInfo) : DiscoveryEvent()
+            data class ServiceLost(val serviceInfo: NsdServiceInfo) : DiscoveryEvent()
+        }
+
+        override fun onStartDiscoveryFailed(serviceType: String, err: Int) {
+            add(StartDiscoveryFailed(serviceType, err))
+        }
+
+        override fun onStopDiscoveryFailed(serviceType: String, err: Int) {
+            add(StopDiscoveryFailed(serviceType, err))
+        }
+
+        override fun onDiscoveryStarted(serviceType: String) {
+            add(DiscoveryStarted(serviceType))
+        }
+
+        override fun onDiscoveryStopped(serviceType: String) {
+            add(DiscoveryStopped(serviceType))
+        }
+
+        override fun onServiceFound(si: NsdServiceInfo) {
+            add(ServiceFound(si))
+        }
+
+        override fun onServiceLost(si: NsdServiceInfo) {
+            add(ServiceLost(si))
+        }
+
+        fun waitForServiceDiscovered(
+            serviceName: String,
+            expectedNetwork: Network? = null
+        ): NsdServiceInfo {
+            return expectCallbackEventually<ServiceFound> {
+                it.serviceInfo.serviceName == serviceName &&
+                        (expectedNetwork == null ||
+                                expectedNetwork == nsdShim.getNetwork(it.serviceInfo))
+            }.serviceInfo
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class NsdResolveRecord : ResolveListener,
+            NsdRecord<NsdResolveRecord.ResolveEvent>() {
+        sealed class ResolveEvent : NsdEvent {
+            data class ResolveFailed(val serviceInfo: NsdServiceInfo, val errorCode: Int)
+                : ResolveEvent()
+
+            data class ServiceResolved(val serviceInfo: NsdServiceInfo) : ResolveEvent()
+        }
+
+        override fun onResolveFailed(si: NsdServiceInfo, err: Int) {
+            add(ResolveFailed(si, err))
+        }
+
+        override fun onServiceResolved(si: NsdServiceInfo) {
+            add(ServiceResolved(si))
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    fun setUp() {
+        handlerThread.start()
+
+        runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS) {
+            testNetwork1 = createTestNetwork()
+            testNetwork2 = createTestNetwork()
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun createTestNetwork(): TestTapNetwork {
+        val tnm = context.getSystemService(TestNetworkManager::class.java)
+        val iface = tnm.createTapInterface()
+        val cb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        val testNetworkSpecifier = TestNetworkSpecifier(iface.interfaceName)
+        cm.requestNetwork(NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(testNetworkSpecifier)
+                .build(), cb)
+        val agent = registerTestNetworkAgent(iface.interfaceName)
+        val network = agent.network ?: fail("Registered agent should have a network")
+        // The network has no INTERNET capability, so will be marked validated immediately
+        cb.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(network)
+        return TestTapNetwork(iface, cb, agent, network)
+    }
+
+    private fun registerTestNetworkAgent(ifaceName: String): TestableNetworkAgent {
+        val agent = TestableNetworkAgent(context, handlerThread.looper,
+                NetworkCapabilities().apply {
+                    removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+                    addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                    setNetworkSpecifier(TestNetworkSpecifier(ifaceName))
+                },
+                LinkProperties().apply {
+                    interfaceName = ifaceName
+                },
+                NetworkAgentConfig.Builder().build())
+        agent.register()
+        agent.markConnected()
+        return agent
+    }
+
+    @After
+    fun tearDown() {
+        runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS) {
+            testNetwork1.close(cm)
+            testNetwork2.close(cm)
+        }
+        handlerThread.quitSafely()
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testNsdManager() {
+        val si = NsdServiceInfo()
+        si.serviceType = SERVICE_TYPE
+        si.serviceName = serviceName
+        // Test binary data with various bytes
+        val testByteArray = byteArrayOf(-128, 127, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2)
+        // Test string data with 256 characters (25 blocks of 10 characters + 6)
+        val string256 = "1_________2_________3_________4_________5_________6_________" +
+                "7_________8_________9_________10________11________12________13________" +
+                "14________15________16________17________18________19________20________" +
+                "21________22________23________24________25________123456"
+
+        // Illegal attributes
+        listOf(
+                Triple(null, null, "null key"),
+                Triple("", null, "empty key"),
+                Triple(string256, null, "key with 256 characters"),
+                Triple("key", string256.substring(3),
+                        "key+value combination with more than 255 characters"),
+                Triple("key", string256.substring(4), "key+value combination with 255 characters"),
+                Triple("\u0019", null, "key with invalid character"),
+                Triple("=", null, "key with invalid character"),
+                Triple("\u007f", null, "key with invalid character")
+        ).forEach {
+            assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException>(
+                    "Setting invalid ${it.third} unexpectedly succeeded") {
+                si.setAttribute(it.first, it.second)
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Allowed attributes
+        si.setAttribute("booleanAttr", null as String?)
+        si.setAttribute("keyValueAttr", "value")
+        si.setAttribute("keyEqualsAttr", "=")
+        si.setAttribute(" whiteSpaceKeyValueAttr ", " value ")
+        si.setAttribute("binaryDataAttr", testByteArray)
+        si.setAttribute("nullBinaryDataAttr", null as ByteArray?)
+        si.setAttribute("emptyBinaryDataAttr", byteArrayOf())
+        si.setAttribute("longkey", string256.substring(9))
+        val socket = ServerSocket(0)
+        val localPort = socket.localPort
+        si.port = localPort
+        if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Port = $localPort")
+
+        val registrationRecord = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        val registeredInfo = registerService(registrationRecord, si)
+
+        val discoveryRecord = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
+        nsdManager.discoverServices(SERVICE_TYPE, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, discoveryRecord)
+
+        // Expect discovery started
+        discoveryRecord.expectCallback<DiscoveryStarted>()
+
+        // Expect a service record to be discovered
+        val foundInfo = discoveryRecord.waitForServiceDiscovered(registeredInfo.serviceName)
+
+        val resolvedService = resolveService(foundInfo)
+
+        // Check Txt attributes
+        assertEquals(8, resolvedService.attributes.size)
+        assertTrue(resolvedService.attributes.containsKey("booleanAttr"))
+        assertNull(resolvedService.attributes["booleanAttr"])
+        assertEquals("value", resolvedService.attributes["keyValueAttr"].utf8ToString())
+        assertEquals("=", resolvedService.attributes["keyEqualsAttr"].utf8ToString())
+        assertEquals(" value ",
+                resolvedService.attributes[" whiteSpaceKeyValueAttr "].utf8ToString())
+        assertEquals(string256.substring(9), resolvedService.attributes["longkey"].utf8ToString())
+        assertArrayEquals(testByteArray, resolvedService.attributes["binaryDataAttr"])
+        assertTrue(resolvedService.attributes.containsKey("nullBinaryDataAttr"))
+        assertNull(resolvedService.attributes["nullBinaryDataAttr"])
+        assertTrue(resolvedService.attributes.containsKey("emptyBinaryDataAttr"))
+        assertNull(resolvedService.attributes["emptyBinaryDataAttr"])
+        assertEquals(localPort, resolvedService.port)
+
+        // Unregister the service
+        nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord)
+        registrationRecord.expectCallback<ServiceUnregistered>()
+
+        // Expect a callback for service lost
+        discoveryRecord.expectCallbackEventually<ServiceLost> {
+            it.serviceInfo.serviceName == serviceName
+        }
+
+        // Register service again to see if NsdManager can discover it
+        val si2 = NsdServiceInfo()
+        si2.serviceType = SERVICE_TYPE
+        si2.serviceName = serviceName
+        si2.port = localPort
+        val registrationRecord2 = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        val registeredInfo2 = registerService(registrationRecord2, si2)
+
+        // Expect a service record to be discovered (and filter the ones
+        // that are unrelated to this test)
+        val foundInfo2 = discoveryRecord.waitForServiceDiscovered(registeredInfo2.serviceName)
+
+        // Resolve the service
+        val resolvedService2 = resolveService(foundInfo2)
+
+        // Check that the resolved service doesn't have any TXT records
+        assertEquals(0, resolvedService2.attributes.size)
+
+        nsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(discoveryRecord)
+
+        discoveryRecord.expectCallbackEventually<DiscoveryStopped>()
+
+        nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord2)
+        registrationRecord2.expectCallback<ServiceUnregistered>()
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testNsdManager_DiscoverOnNetwork() {
+        // This tests requires shims supporting T+ APIs (discovering on specific network)
+        assumeTrue(ConstantsShim.VERSION > SC_V2)
+
+        val si = NsdServiceInfo()
+        si.serviceType = SERVICE_TYPE
+        si.serviceName = this.serviceName
+        si.port = 12345 // Test won't try to connect so port does not matter
+
+        val registrationRecord = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        val registeredInfo = registerService(registrationRecord, si)
+
+        tryTest {
+            val discoveryRecord = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
+            nsdShim.discoverServices(nsdManager, SERVICE_TYPE, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD,
+                    testNetwork1.network, discoveryRecord)
+
+            val foundInfo = discoveryRecord.waitForServiceDiscovered(
+                    serviceName, testNetwork1.network)
+            assertEquals(testNetwork1.network, nsdShim.getNetwork(foundInfo))
+
+            // Rewind to ensure the service is not found on the other interface
+            discoveryRecord.nextEvents.rewind(0)
+            assertNull(discoveryRecord.nextEvents.poll(timeoutMs = 100L) {
+                it is ServiceFound &&
+                        it.serviceInfo.serviceName == registeredInfo.serviceName &&
+                        nsdShim.getNetwork(it.serviceInfo) != testNetwork1.network
+            }, "The service should not be found on this network")
+        } cleanup {
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testNsdManager_DiscoverWithNetworkRequest() {
+        // This tests requires shims supporting T+ APIs (discovering on network request)
+        assumeTrue(ConstantsShim.VERSION > SC_V2)
+
+        val si = NsdServiceInfo()
+        si.serviceType = SERVICE_TYPE
+        si.serviceName = this.serviceName
+        si.port = 12345 // Test won't try to connect so port does not matter
+
+        val registrationRecord = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        val registeredInfo1 = registerService(registrationRecord, si)
+        val discoveryRecord = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
+
+        tryTest {
+            val specifier = TestNetworkSpecifier(testNetwork1.iface.interfaceName)
+            nsdShim.discoverServices(nsdManager, SERVICE_TYPE, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD,
+                    NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                            .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+                            .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                            .setNetworkSpecifier(specifier)
+                            .build(),
+                    discoveryRecord)
+
+            val discoveryStarted = discoveryRecord.expectCallback<DiscoveryStarted>()
+            assertEquals(SERVICE_TYPE, discoveryStarted.serviceType)
+
+            val serviceDiscovered = discoveryRecord.expectCallback<ServiceFound>()
+            assertEquals(registeredInfo1.serviceName, serviceDiscovered.serviceInfo.serviceName)
+            assertEquals(testNetwork1.network, nsdShim.getNetwork(serviceDiscovered.serviceInfo))
+
+            // Unregister, then register the service back: it should be lost and found again
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord)
+            val serviceLost1 = discoveryRecord.expectCallback<ServiceLost>()
+            assertEquals(registeredInfo1.serviceName, serviceLost1.serviceInfo.serviceName)
+            assertEquals(testNetwork1.network, nsdShim.getNetwork(serviceLost1.serviceInfo))
+
+            registrationRecord.expectCallback<ServiceUnregistered>()
+            val registeredInfo2 = registerService(registrationRecord, si)
+            val serviceDiscovered2 = discoveryRecord.expectCallback<ServiceFound>()
+            assertEquals(registeredInfo2.serviceName, serviceDiscovered2.serviceInfo.serviceName)
+            assertEquals(testNetwork1.network, nsdShim.getNetwork(serviceDiscovered2.serviceInfo))
+
+            // Teardown, then bring back up a network on the test interface: the service should
+            // go away, then come back
+            testNetwork1.agent.unregister()
+            val serviceLost = discoveryRecord.expectCallback<ServiceLost>()
+            assertEquals(registeredInfo2.serviceName, serviceLost.serviceInfo.serviceName)
+            assertEquals(testNetwork1.network, nsdShim.getNetwork(serviceLost.serviceInfo))
+
+            val newAgent = runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS) {
+                registerTestNetworkAgent(testNetwork1.iface.interfaceName)
+            }
+            val newNetwork = newAgent.network ?: fail("Registered agent should have a network")
+            val serviceDiscovered3 = discoveryRecord.expectCallback<ServiceFound>()
+            assertEquals(registeredInfo2.serviceName, serviceDiscovered3.serviceInfo.serviceName)
+            assertEquals(newNetwork, nsdShim.getNetwork(serviceDiscovered3.serviceInfo))
+        } cleanupStep {
+            nsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(discoveryRecord)
+            discoveryRecord.expectCallback<DiscoveryStopped>()
+        } cleanup {
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testNsdManager_ResolveOnNetwork() {
+        // This tests requires shims supporting T+ APIs (NsdServiceInfo.network)
+        assumeTrue(ConstantsShim.VERSION > SC_V2)
+
+        val si = NsdServiceInfo()
+        si.serviceType = SERVICE_TYPE
+        si.serviceName = this.serviceName
+        si.port = 12345 // Test won't try to connect so port does not matter
+
+        val registrationRecord = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        val registeredInfo = registerService(registrationRecord, si)
+        tryTest {
+            val resolveRecord = NsdResolveRecord()
+
+            val discoveryRecord = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
+            nsdManager.discoverServices(SERVICE_TYPE, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, discoveryRecord)
+
+            val foundInfo1 = discoveryRecord.waitForServiceDiscovered(
+                    serviceName, testNetwork1.network)
+            assertEquals(testNetwork1.network, nsdShim.getNetwork(foundInfo1))
+            // Rewind as the service could be found on each interface in any order
+            discoveryRecord.nextEvents.rewind(0)
+            val foundInfo2 = discoveryRecord.waitForServiceDiscovered(
+                    serviceName, testNetwork2.network)
+            assertEquals(testNetwork2.network, nsdShim.getNetwork(foundInfo2))
+
+            nsdManager.resolveService(foundInfo1, resolveRecord)
+            val cb = resolveRecord.expectCallback<ServiceResolved>()
+            cb.serviceInfo.let {
+                // Resolved service type has leading dot
+                assertEquals(".$SERVICE_TYPE", it.serviceType)
+                assertEquals(registeredInfo.serviceName, it.serviceName)
+                assertEquals(si.port, it.port)
+                assertEquals(testNetwork1.network, nsdShim.getNetwork(it))
+            }
+            // TODO: check that MDNS packets are sent only on testNetwork1.
+        } cleanupStep {
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord)
+        } cleanup {
+            registrationRecord.expectCallback<ServiceUnregistered>()
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register a service and return its registration record.
+     */
+    private fun registerService(record: NsdRegistrationRecord, si: NsdServiceInfo): NsdServiceInfo {
+        nsdManager.registerService(si, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, record)
+        // We may not always get the name that we tried to register;
+        // This events tells us the name that was registered.
+        val cb = record.expectCallback<ServiceRegistered>()
+        return cb.serviceInfo
+    }
+
+    private fun resolveService(discoveredInfo: NsdServiceInfo): NsdServiceInfo {
+        val record = NsdResolveRecord()
+        nsdManager.resolveService(discoveredInfo, record)
+        val resolvedCb = record.expectCallback<ServiceResolved>()
+        assertEquals(discoveredInfo.serviceName, resolvedCb.serviceInfo.serviceName)
+
+        return resolvedCb.serviceInfo
+    }
+}
+
+private fun ByteArray?.utf8ToString(): String {
+    if (this == null) return ""
+    return String(this, StandardCharsets.UTF_8)
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/PacProxyManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/PacProxyManagerTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f0c87673
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/PacProxyManagerTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import static android.Manifest.permission.INTERACT_ACROSS_USERS_FULL;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS;
+
+import static com.android.testutils.TestPermissionUtil.runAsShell;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import android.app.Instrumentation;
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.IntentFilter;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.PacProxyManager;
+import android.net.Proxy;
+import android.net.ProxyInfo;
+import android.net.Uri;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.Range;
+
+import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+import com.android.testutils.TestHttpServer;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.net.ServerSocket;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import fi.iki.elonen.NanoHTTPD.Response.Status;
+
+@IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+public final class PacProxyManagerTest {
+    private static final String TAG = PacProxyManagerTest.class.getSimpleName();
+    private static final int PROXY_CHANGED_BROADCAST_TIMEOUT_MS = 5000;
+    private static final int CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS = 3 * 1000;
+
+    private Context mContext;
+    private TestHttpServer mServer;
+    private ConnectivityManager mCm;
+    private PacProxyManager mPacProxyManager;
+    private ServerSocket mServerSocket;
+    private Instrumentation mInstrumentation;
+
+    private static final String PAC_FILE = "function FindProxyForURL(url, host)"
+            + "{"
+            + "  return \"PROXY 192.168.0.1:9091\";"
+            + "}";
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        mInstrumentation = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation();
+        mContext = mInstrumentation.getContext();
+
+        mCm = mContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
+        mPacProxyManager = (PacProxyManager) mContext.getSystemService(PacProxyManager.class);
+        mServer = new TestHttpServer();
+        mServer.start();
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        if (mServer != null) {
+            mServer.stop();
+            mServer = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class TestPacProxyInstalledListener implements
+            PacProxyManager.PacProxyInstalledListener {
+        private final CountDownLatch mLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+
+        public void onPacProxyInstalled(Network network, ProxyInfo proxy) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "onPacProxyInstalled is called.");
+            mLatch.countDown();
+        }
+
+        public boolean waitForCallback() throws Exception {
+            final boolean result = mLatch.await(CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+            return result;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class ProxyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
+        private final CountDownLatch mLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        private final ProxyInfo mProxy;
+
+        ProxyBroadcastReceiver(ProxyInfo proxy) {
+            mProxy = proxy;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+            final ProxyInfo proxy = (ProxyInfo) intent.getExtra(Proxy.EXTRA_PROXY_INFO,
+                    ProxyInfo.buildPacProxy(Uri.EMPTY));
+            // ProxyTracker sends sticky broadcast which will receive the last broadcast while
+            // register the intent receiver. That is, if system never receives the intent then
+            // it won't receive an intent when register the receiver. How many intents will be
+            // received in the test is unpredictable so here counts down the latch when the PAC
+            // file in the intent is the same as the one at registration.
+            if (mProxy.getPacFileUrl().equals(proxy.getPacFileUrl())) {
+                // Host/Port represent a local proxy server that redirects to the PAC-configured
+                // server. Host should be "localhost" and the port should be a value which is
+                // between 0 and 65535.
+                assertEquals(proxy.getHost(), "localhost");
+                assertInRange(proxy.getPort(), 0 /* lower */, 65535 /* upper */);
+                mLatch.countDown();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public boolean waitForProxyChanged() throws Exception {
+            final boolean result = mLatch.await(PROXY_CHANGED_BROADCAST_TIMEOUT_MS,
+                    TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+            return result;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Instant apps can't bind sockets to localhost for a test proxy server")
+    @Test
+    public void testSetCurrentProxyScriptUrl() throws Exception {
+        // Register a PacProxyInstalledListener
+        final TestPacProxyInstalledListener listener = new TestPacProxyInstalledListener();
+        final Executor executor = (Runnable r) -> r.run();
+
+        runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () -> {
+            mPacProxyManager.addPacProxyInstalledListener(executor, listener);
+        });
+
+        final Map<String, String> headers = new HashMap<String, String>();
+        headers.put("Content-Type", "application/x-ns-proxy-autoconfig");
+        final Uri pacProxyUrl = Uri.parse("http://localhost:"
+                + mServer.getListeningPort() + "/proxy.pac");
+        mServer.addResponse(pacProxyUrl, Status.OK, headers, PAC_FILE);
+
+        final ProxyInfo proxy = ProxyInfo.buildPacProxy(pacProxyUrl);
+        final ProxyBroadcastReceiver receiver = new ProxyBroadcastReceiver(proxy);
+        mContext.registerReceiver(receiver, new IntentFilter(Proxy.PROXY_CHANGE_ACTION));
+
+        // Call setCurrentProxyScriptUrl with the URL of the pac file.
+        // Note that the proxy script is global to device, and setting it from a different user
+        // should require INTERACT_ACROSS_USERS_FULL permission which the Settings app has.
+        runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, INTERACT_ACROSS_USERS_FULL, () -> {
+            mPacProxyManager.setCurrentProxyScriptUrl(proxy);
+        });
+
+        // Make sure the listener was called and testing the intent is received.
+        try {
+            assertTrue("Didn't receive PROXY_CHANGE_ACTION broadcast.",
+                    receiver.waitForProxyChanged());
+            assertTrue("Did not receive onPacProxyInstalled callback.",
+                    listener.waitForCallback());
+        } finally {
+            runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () -> {
+                mPacProxyManager.removePacProxyInstalledListener(listener);
+            });
+            mContext.unregisterReceiver(receiver);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void assertInRange(int value, int lower, int upper) {
+        final Range range = new Range(lower, upper);
+        assertTrue(value + "is not within range [" + lower + ", " + upper + "]",
+                range.contains(value));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/PacketUtils.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/PacketUtils.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d924d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/PacketUtils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,743 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_IPV6;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP;
+
+import android.util.ArraySet;
+
+import com.android.internal.net.ipsec.ike.crypto.AesXCbcImpl;
+
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ShortBuffer;
+import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
+import java.security.SecureRandom;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import javax.crypto.Cipher;
+import javax.crypto.Mac;
+import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
+import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
+
+public class PacketUtils {
+    private static final String TAG = PacketUtils.class.getSimpleName();
+
+    private static final int DATA_BUFFER_LEN = 4096;
+
+    static final int IP4_HDRLEN = 20;
+    static final int IP6_HDRLEN = 40;
+    static final int UDP_HDRLEN = 8;
+    static final int TCP_HDRLEN = 20;
+    static final int TCP_HDRLEN_WITH_TIMESTAMP_OPT = TCP_HDRLEN + 12;
+    static final int ESP_HDRLEN = 8;
+    static final int ESP_BLK_SIZE = 4; // ESP has to be 4-byte aligned
+    static final int ESP_TRAILER_LEN = 2;
+
+    // Not defined in OsConstants
+    static final int IPPROTO_IPV4 = 4;
+    static final int IPPROTO_ESP = 50;
+
+    // Encryption parameters
+    static final int AES_CBC_IV_LEN = 16;
+    static final int AES_CBC_BLK_SIZE = 16;
+    static final int AES_CTR_SALT_LEN = 4;
+
+    static final int AES_CTR_KEY_LEN_20 = 20;
+    static final int AES_CTR_KEY_LEN_28 = 28;
+    static final int AES_CTR_KEY_LEN_36 = 36;
+    static final int AES_CTR_BLK_SIZE = ESP_BLK_SIZE;
+    static final int AES_CTR_IV_LEN = 8;
+
+    // AEAD parameters
+    static final int AES_GCM_IV_LEN = 8;
+    static final int AES_GCM_BLK_SIZE = 4;
+    static final int CHACHA20_POLY1305_KEY_LEN = 36;
+    static final int CHACHA20_POLY1305_BLK_SIZE = ESP_BLK_SIZE;
+    static final int CHACHA20_POLY1305_IV_LEN = 8;
+    static final int CHACHA20_POLY1305_SALT_LEN = 4;
+    static final int CHACHA20_POLY1305_ICV_LEN = 16;
+
+    // Authentication parameters
+    static final int HMAC_SHA256_ICV_LEN = 16;
+    static final int HMAC_SHA512_KEY_LEN = 64;
+    static final int HMAC_SHA512_ICV_LEN = 32;
+    static final int AES_XCBC_KEY_LEN = 16;
+    static final int AES_XCBC_ICV_LEN = 12;
+    static final int AES_CMAC_KEY_LEN = 16;
+    static final int AES_CMAC_ICV_LEN = 12;
+
+    // Block counter field should be 32 bits and starts from value one as per RFC 3686
+    static final byte[] AES_CTR_INITIAL_COUNTER = new byte[] {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01};
+
+    // Encryption algorithms
+    static final String AES = "AES";
+    static final String AES_CBC = "AES/CBC/NoPadding";
+    static final String AES_CTR = "AES/CTR/NoPadding";
+
+    // AEAD algorithms
+    static final String CHACHA20_POLY1305 = "ChaCha20/Poly1305/NoPadding";
+
+    // Authentication algorithms
+    static final String HMAC_MD5 = "HmacMD5";
+    static final String HMAC_SHA1 = "HmacSHA1";
+    static final String HMAC_SHA_256 = "HmacSHA256";
+    static final String HMAC_SHA_384 = "HmacSHA384";
+    static final String HMAC_SHA_512 = "HmacSHA512";
+    static final String AES_CMAC = "AESCMAC";
+    static final String AES_XCBC = "AesXCbc";
+
+    public interface Payload {
+        byte[] getPacketBytes(IpHeader header) throws Exception;
+
+        void addPacketBytes(IpHeader header, ByteBuffer resultBuffer) throws Exception;
+
+        short length();
+
+        int getProtocolId();
+    }
+
+    public abstract static class IpHeader {
+
+        public final byte proto;
+        public final InetAddress srcAddr;
+        public final InetAddress dstAddr;
+        public final Payload payload;
+
+        public IpHeader(int proto, InetAddress src, InetAddress dst, Payload payload) {
+            this.proto = (byte) proto;
+            this.srcAddr = src;
+            this.dstAddr = dst;
+            this.payload = payload;
+        }
+
+        public abstract byte[] getPacketBytes() throws Exception;
+
+        public abstract int getProtocolId();
+    }
+
+    public static class Ip4Header extends IpHeader {
+        private short checksum;
+
+        public Ip4Header(int proto, Inet4Address src, Inet4Address dst, Payload payload) {
+            super(proto, src, dst, payload);
+        }
+
+        public byte[] getPacketBytes() throws Exception {
+            ByteBuffer resultBuffer = buildHeader();
+            payload.addPacketBytes(this, resultBuffer);
+
+            return getByteArrayFromBuffer(resultBuffer);
+        }
+
+        public ByteBuffer buildHeader() {
+            ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocate(DATA_BUFFER_LEN);
+
+            // Version, IHL
+            bb.put((byte) (0x45));
+
+            // DCSP, ECN
+            bb.put((byte) 0);
+
+            // Total Length
+            bb.putShort((short) (IP4_HDRLEN + payload.length()));
+
+            // Empty for Identification, Flags and Fragment Offset
+            bb.putShort((short) 0);
+            bb.put((byte) 0x40);
+            bb.put((byte) 0x00);
+
+            // TTL
+            bb.put((byte) 64);
+
+            // Protocol
+            bb.put(proto);
+
+            // Header Checksum
+            final int ipChecksumOffset = bb.position();
+            bb.putShort((short) 0);
+
+            // Src/Dst addresses
+            bb.put(srcAddr.getAddress());
+            bb.put(dstAddr.getAddress());
+
+            bb.putShort(ipChecksumOffset, calculateChecksum(bb));
+
+            return bb;
+        }
+
+        private short calculateChecksum(ByteBuffer bb) {
+            int checksum = 0;
+
+            // Calculate sum of 16-bit values, excluding checksum. IPv4 headers are always 32-bit
+            // aligned, so no special cases needed for unaligned values.
+            ShortBuffer shortBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(getByteArrayFromBuffer(bb)).asShortBuffer();
+            while (shortBuffer.hasRemaining()) {
+                short val = shortBuffer.get();
+
+                // Wrap as needed
+                checksum = addAndWrapForChecksum(checksum, val);
+            }
+
+            return onesComplement(checksum);
+        }
+
+        public int getProtocolId() {
+            return IPPROTO_IPV4;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static class Ip6Header extends IpHeader {
+        public Ip6Header(int nextHeader, Inet6Address src, Inet6Address dst, Payload payload) {
+            super(nextHeader, src, dst, payload);
+        }
+
+        public byte[] getPacketBytes() throws Exception {
+            ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocate(DATA_BUFFER_LEN);
+
+            // Version | Traffic Class (First 4 bits)
+            bb.put((byte) 0x60);
+
+            // Traffic class (Last 4 bits), Flow Label
+            bb.put((byte) 0);
+            bb.put((byte) 0);
+            bb.put((byte) 0);
+
+            // Payload Length
+            bb.putShort((short) payload.length());
+
+            // Next Header
+            bb.put(proto);
+
+            // Hop Limit
+            bb.put((byte) 64);
+
+            // Src/Dst addresses
+            bb.put(srcAddr.getAddress());
+            bb.put(dstAddr.getAddress());
+
+            // Payload
+            payload.addPacketBytes(this, bb);
+
+            return getByteArrayFromBuffer(bb);
+        }
+
+        public int getProtocolId() {
+            return IPPROTO_IPV6;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static class BytePayload implements Payload {
+        public final byte[] payload;
+
+        public BytePayload(byte[] payload) {
+            this.payload = payload;
+        }
+
+        public int getProtocolId() {
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        public byte[] getPacketBytes(IpHeader header) {
+            ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocate(DATA_BUFFER_LEN);
+
+            addPacketBytes(header, bb);
+            return getByteArrayFromBuffer(bb);
+        }
+
+        public void addPacketBytes(IpHeader header, ByteBuffer resultBuffer) {
+            resultBuffer.put(payload);
+        }
+
+        public short length() {
+            return (short) payload.length;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static class UdpHeader implements Payload {
+
+        public final short srcPort;
+        public final short dstPort;
+        public final Payload payload;
+
+        public UdpHeader(int srcPort, int dstPort, Payload payload) {
+            this.srcPort = (short) srcPort;
+            this.dstPort = (short) dstPort;
+            this.payload = payload;
+        }
+
+        public int getProtocolId() {
+            return IPPROTO_UDP;
+        }
+
+        public short length() {
+            return (short) (payload.length() + 8);
+        }
+
+        public byte[] getPacketBytes(IpHeader header) throws Exception {
+            ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocate(DATA_BUFFER_LEN);
+
+            addPacketBytes(header, bb);
+            return getByteArrayFromBuffer(bb);
+        }
+
+        public void addPacketBytes(IpHeader header, ByteBuffer resultBuffer) throws Exception {
+            // Source, Destination port
+            resultBuffer.putShort(srcPort);
+            resultBuffer.putShort(dstPort);
+
+            // Payload Length
+            resultBuffer.putShort(length());
+
+            // Get payload bytes for checksum + payload
+            ByteBuffer payloadBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(DATA_BUFFER_LEN);
+            payload.addPacketBytes(header, payloadBuffer);
+            byte[] payloadBytes = getByteArrayFromBuffer(payloadBuffer);
+
+            // Checksum
+            resultBuffer.putShort(calculateChecksum(header, payloadBytes));
+
+            // Payload
+            resultBuffer.put(payloadBytes);
+        }
+
+        private short calculateChecksum(IpHeader header, byte[] payloadBytes) throws Exception {
+            int newChecksum = 0;
+            ShortBuffer srcBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(header.srcAddr.getAddress()).asShortBuffer();
+            ShortBuffer dstBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(header.dstAddr.getAddress()).asShortBuffer();
+
+            while (srcBuffer.hasRemaining() || dstBuffer.hasRemaining()) {
+                short val = srcBuffer.hasRemaining() ? srcBuffer.get() : dstBuffer.get();
+
+                // Wrap as needed
+                newChecksum = addAndWrapForChecksum(newChecksum, val);
+            }
+
+            // Add pseudo-header values. Proto is 0-padded, so just use the byte.
+            newChecksum = addAndWrapForChecksum(newChecksum, header.proto);
+            newChecksum = addAndWrapForChecksum(newChecksum, length());
+            newChecksum = addAndWrapForChecksum(newChecksum, srcPort);
+            newChecksum = addAndWrapForChecksum(newChecksum, dstPort);
+            newChecksum = addAndWrapForChecksum(newChecksum, length());
+
+            ShortBuffer payloadShortBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(payloadBytes).asShortBuffer();
+            while (payloadShortBuffer.hasRemaining()) {
+                newChecksum = addAndWrapForChecksum(newChecksum, payloadShortBuffer.get());
+            }
+            if (payload.length() % 2 != 0) {
+                newChecksum =
+                        addAndWrapForChecksum(
+                                newChecksum, (payloadBytes[payloadBytes.length - 1] << 8));
+            }
+
+            return onesComplement(newChecksum);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static class EspHeader implements Payload {
+        public final int nextHeader;
+        public final int spi;
+        public final int seqNum;
+        public final byte[] payload;
+        public final EspCipher cipher;
+        public final EspAuth auth;
+
+        /**
+         * Generic constructor for ESP headers.
+         *
+         * <p>For Tunnel mode, payload will be a full IP header + attached payloads
+         *
+         * <p>For Transport mode, payload will be only the attached payloads, but with the checksum
+         * calculated using the pre-encryption IP header
+         */
+        public EspHeader(int nextHeader, int spi, int seqNum, byte[] key, byte[] payload) {
+            this(nextHeader, spi, seqNum, payload, getDefaultCipher(key), getDefaultAuth(key));
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Generic constructor for ESP headers that allows configuring encryption and authentication
+         * algortihms.
+         *
+         * <p>For Tunnel mode, payload will be a full IP header + attached payloads
+         *
+         * <p>For Transport mode, payload will be only the attached payloads, but with the checksum
+         * calculated using the pre-encryption IP header
+         */
+        public EspHeader(
+                int nextHeader,
+                int spi,
+                int seqNum,
+                byte[] payload,
+                EspCipher cipher,
+                EspAuth auth) {
+            this.nextHeader = nextHeader;
+            this.spi = spi;
+            this.seqNum = seqNum;
+            this.payload = payload;
+            this.cipher = cipher;
+            this.auth = auth;
+
+            if (cipher instanceof EspCipherNull && auth instanceof EspAuthNull) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("No algorithm is provided");
+            }
+
+            if (cipher instanceof EspAeadCipher && !(auth instanceof EspAuthNull)) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                        "AEAD is provided with an authentication" + " algorithm.");
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static EspCipher getDefaultCipher(byte[] key) {
+            return new EspCryptCipher(AES_CBC, AES_CBC_BLK_SIZE, key, AES_CBC_IV_LEN);
+        }
+
+        private static EspAuth getDefaultAuth(byte[] key) {
+            return new EspAuth(HMAC_SHA_256, key, HMAC_SHA256_ICV_LEN);
+        }
+
+        public int getProtocolId() {
+            return IPPROTO_ESP;
+        }
+
+        public short length() {
+            final int icvLen =
+                    cipher instanceof EspAeadCipher ? ((EspAeadCipher) cipher).icvLen : auth.icvLen;
+            return calculateEspPacketSize(
+                    payload.length, cipher.ivLen, cipher.blockSize, icvLen * 8);
+        }
+
+        public byte[] getPacketBytes(IpHeader header) throws Exception {
+            ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocate(DATA_BUFFER_LEN);
+
+            addPacketBytes(header, bb);
+            return getByteArrayFromBuffer(bb);
+        }
+
+        public void addPacketBytes(IpHeader header, ByteBuffer resultBuffer) throws Exception {
+            ByteBuffer espPayloadBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(DATA_BUFFER_LEN);
+            espPayloadBuffer.putInt(spi);
+            espPayloadBuffer.putInt(seqNum);
+
+            espPayloadBuffer.put(cipher.getCipherText(nextHeader, payload, spi, seqNum));
+            espPayloadBuffer.put(auth.getIcv(getByteArrayFromBuffer(espPayloadBuffer)));
+
+            resultBuffer.put(getByteArrayFromBuffer(espPayloadBuffer));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static int addAndWrapForChecksum(int currentChecksum, int value) {
+        currentChecksum += value & 0x0000ffff;
+
+        // Wrap anything beyond the first 16 bits, and add to lower order bits
+        return (currentChecksum >>> 16) + (currentChecksum & 0x0000ffff);
+    }
+
+    private static short onesComplement(int val) {
+        val = (val >>> 16) + (val & 0xffff);
+
+        if (val == 0) return 0;
+        return (short) ((~val) & 0xffff);
+    }
+
+    public static short calculateEspPacketSize(
+            int payloadLen, int cryptIvLength, int cryptBlockSize, int authTruncLen) {
+        final int ICV_LEN = authTruncLen / 8; // Auth trailer; based on truncation length
+
+        // Align to block size of encryption algorithm
+        payloadLen = calculateEspEncryptedLength(payloadLen, cryptBlockSize);
+        payloadLen += cryptIvLength; // Initialization Vector
+        return (short) (payloadLen + ESP_HDRLEN + ICV_LEN);
+    }
+
+    private static int calculateEspEncryptedLength(int payloadLen, int cryptBlockSize) {
+        payloadLen += 2; // ESP trailer
+
+        // Align to block size of encryption algorithm
+        return payloadLen + calculateEspPadLen(payloadLen, cryptBlockSize);
+    }
+
+    private static int calculateEspPadLen(int payloadLen, int cryptBlockSize) {
+        return (cryptBlockSize - (payloadLen % cryptBlockSize)) % cryptBlockSize;
+    }
+
+    private static byte[] getByteArrayFromBuffer(ByteBuffer buffer) {
+        return Arrays.copyOfRange(buffer.array(), 0, buffer.position());
+    }
+
+    public static IpHeader getIpHeader(
+            int protocol, InetAddress src, InetAddress dst, Payload payload) {
+        if ((src instanceof Inet6Address) != (dst instanceof Inet6Address)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid src/dst address combination");
+        }
+
+        if (src instanceof Inet6Address) {
+            return new Ip6Header(protocol, (Inet6Address) src, (Inet6Address) dst, payload);
+        } else {
+            return new Ip4Header(protocol, (Inet4Address) src, (Inet4Address) dst, payload);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public abstract static class EspCipher {
+        protected static final int SALT_LEN_UNUSED = 0;
+
+        public final String algoName;
+        public final int blockSize;
+        public final byte[] key;
+        public final int ivLen;
+        public final int saltLen;
+        protected byte[] mIv;
+
+        public EspCipher(String algoName, int blockSize, byte[] key, int ivLen, int saltLen) {
+            this.algoName = algoName;
+            this.blockSize = blockSize;
+            this.key = key;
+            this.ivLen = ivLen;
+            this.saltLen = saltLen;
+            this.mIv = getIv(ivLen);
+        }
+
+        public void updateIv(byte[] iv) {
+            this.mIv = iv;
+        }
+
+        public static byte[] getPaddedPayload(int nextHeader, byte[] payload, int blockSize) {
+            final int paddedLen = calculateEspEncryptedLength(payload.length, blockSize);
+            final ByteBuffer paddedPayload = ByteBuffer.allocate(paddedLen);
+            paddedPayload.put(payload);
+
+            // Add padding - consecutive integers from 0x01
+            byte pad = 1;
+            while (paddedPayload.position() < paddedPayload.limit() - ESP_TRAILER_LEN) {
+                paddedPayload.put((byte) pad++);
+            }
+
+            // Add padding length and next header
+            paddedPayload.put((byte) (paddedLen - ESP_TRAILER_LEN - payload.length));
+            paddedPayload.put((byte) nextHeader);
+
+            return getByteArrayFromBuffer(paddedPayload);
+        }
+
+        private static byte[] getIv(int ivLen) {
+            final byte[] iv = new byte[ivLen];
+            new SecureRandom().nextBytes(iv);
+            return iv;
+        }
+
+        public abstract byte[] getCipherText(int nextHeader, byte[] payload, int spi, int seqNum)
+                throws GeneralSecurityException;
+    }
+
+    public static final class EspCipherNull extends EspCipher {
+        private static final String CRYPT_NULL = "CRYPT_NULL";
+        private static final int IV_LEN_UNUSED = 0;
+        private static final byte[] KEY_UNUSED = new byte[0];
+
+        private static final EspCipherNull sInstance = new EspCipherNull();
+
+        private EspCipherNull() {
+            super(CRYPT_NULL, ESP_BLK_SIZE, KEY_UNUSED, IV_LEN_UNUSED, SALT_LEN_UNUSED);
+        }
+
+        public static EspCipherNull getInstance() {
+            return sInstance;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public byte[] getCipherText(int nextHeader, byte[] payload, int spi, int seqNum)
+                throws GeneralSecurityException {
+            return getPaddedPayload(nextHeader, payload, blockSize);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static final class EspCryptCipher extends EspCipher {
+        public EspCryptCipher(String algoName, int blockSize, byte[] key, int ivLen) {
+            this(algoName, blockSize, key, ivLen, SALT_LEN_UNUSED);
+        }
+
+        public EspCryptCipher(String algoName, int blockSize, byte[] key, int ivLen, int saltLen) {
+            super(algoName, blockSize, key, ivLen, saltLen);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public byte[] getCipherText(int nextHeader, byte[] payload, int spi, int seqNum)
+                throws GeneralSecurityException {
+            final IvParameterSpec ivParameterSpec;
+            final SecretKeySpec secretKeySpec;
+
+            if (AES_CBC.equals(algoName)) {
+                ivParameterSpec = new IvParameterSpec(mIv);
+                secretKeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(key, algoName);
+            } else if (AES_CTR.equals(algoName)) {
+                // Provided key consists of encryption/decryption key plus 4-byte salt. Salt is used
+                // with ESP payload IV and initial block counter value to build IvParameterSpec.
+                final byte[] secretKey = Arrays.copyOfRange(key, 0, key.length - saltLen);
+                final byte[] salt = Arrays.copyOfRange(key, secretKey.length, key.length);
+                secretKeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(secretKey, algoName);
+
+                final ByteBuffer ivParameterBuffer =
+                        ByteBuffer.allocate(mIv.length + saltLen + AES_CTR_INITIAL_COUNTER.length);
+                ivParameterBuffer.put(salt);
+                ivParameterBuffer.put(mIv);
+                ivParameterBuffer.put(AES_CTR_INITIAL_COUNTER);
+                ivParameterSpec = new IvParameterSpec(ivParameterBuffer.array());
+            } else {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid algorithm " + algoName);
+            }
+
+            // Encrypt payload
+            final Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(algoName);
+            cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKeySpec, ivParameterSpec);
+            final byte[] encrypted =
+                    cipher.doFinal(getPaddedPayload(nextHeader, payload, blockSize));
+
+            // Build ciphertext
+            final ByteBuffer cipherText = ByteBuffer.allocate(mIv.length + encrypted.length);
+            cipherText.put(mIv);
+            cipherText.put(encrypted);
+
+            return getByteArrayFromBuffer(cipherText);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static final class EspAeadCipher extends EspCipher {
+        public final int icvLen;
+
+        public EspAeadCipher(
+                String algoName, int blockSize, byte[] key, int ivLen, int icvLen, int saltLen) {
+            super(algoName, blockSize, key, ivLen, saltLen);
+            this.icvLen = icvLen;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public byte[] getCipherText(int nextHeader, byte[] payload, int spi, int seqNum)
+                throws GeneralSecurityException {
+            // Provided key consists of encryption/decryption key plus salt. Salt is used
+            // with ESP payload IV to build IvParameterSpec.
+            final byte[] secretKey = Arrays.copyOfRange(key, 0, key.length - saltLen);
+            final byte[] salt = Arrays.copyOfRange(key, secretKey.length, key.length);
+
+            final SecretKeySpec secretKeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(secretKey, algoName);
+
+            final ByteBuffer ivParameterBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(saltLen + mIv.length);
+            ivParameterBuffer.put(salt);
+            ivParameterBuffer.put(mIv);
+            final IvParameterSpec ivParameterSpec = new IvParameterSpec(ivParameterBuffer.array());
+
+            final ByteBuffer aadBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(ESP_HDRLEN);
+            aadBuffer.putInt(spi);
+            aadBuffer.putInt(seqNum);
+
+            // Encrypt payload
+            final Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(algoName);
+            cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKeySpec, ivParameterSpec);
+            cipher.updateAAD(aadBuffer.array());
+            final byte[] encryptedTextAndIcv =
+                    cipher.doFinal(getPaddedPayload(nextHeader, payload, blockSize));
+
+            // Build ciphertext
+            final ByteBuffer cipherText =
+                    ByteBuffer.allocate(mIv.length + encryptedTextAndIcv.length);
+            cipherText.put(mIv);
+            cipherText.put(encryptedTextAndIcv);
+
+            return getByteArrayFromBuffer(cipherText);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static class EspAuth {
+        public final String algoName;
+        public final byte[] key;
+        public final int icvLen;
+
+        private static final Set<String> JCE_SUPPORTED_MACS = new ArraySet<>();
+
+        static {
+            JCE_SUPPORTED_MACS.add(HMAC_MD5);
+            JCE_SUPPORTED_MACS.add(HMAC_SHA1);
+            JCE_SUPPORTED_MACS.add(HMAC_SHA_256);
+            JCE_SUPPORTED_MACS.add(HMAC_SHA_384);
+            JCE_SUPPORTED_MACS.add(HMAC_SHA_512);
+            JCE_SUPPORTED_MACS.add(AES_CMAC);
+        }
+
+        public EspAuth(String algoName, byte[] key, int icvLen) {
+            this.algoName = algoName;
+            this.key = key;
+            this.icvLen = icvLen;
+        }
+
+        public byte[] getIcv(byte[] authenticatedSection) throws GeneralSecurityException {
+            if (AES_XCBC.equals(algoName)) {
+                final Cipher aesCipher = Cipher.getInstance(AES_CBC);
+                return new AesXCbcImpl().mac(key, authenticatedSection, true /* needTruncation */);
+            } else if (JCE_SUPPORTED_MACS.contains(algoName)) {
+                final Mac mac = Mac.getInstance(algoName);
+                final SecretKeySpec authKey = new SecretKeySpec(key, algoName);
+                mac.init(authKey);
+
+                final ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(mac.doFinal(authenticatedSection));
+                final byte[] icv = new byte[icvLen];
+                buffer.get(icv);
+                return icv;
+            } else {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid algorithm: " + algoName);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static final class EspAuthNull extends EspAuth {
+        private static final String AUTH_NULL = "AUTH_NULL";
+        private static final int ICV_LEN_UNUSED = 0;
+        private static final byte[] KEY_UNUSED = new byte[0];
+        private static final byte[] ICV_EMPTY = new byte[0];
+
+        private static final EspAuthNull sInstance = new EspAuthNull();
+
+        private EspAuthNull() {
+            super(AUTH_NULL, KEY_UNUSED, ICV_LEN_UNUSED);
+        }
+
+        public static EspAuthNull getInstance() {
+            return sInstance;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public byte[] getIcv(byte[] authenticatedSection) throws GeneralSecurityException {
+            return ICV_EMPTY;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Debug printing
+     */
+    private static final char[] hexArray = "0123456789ABCDEF".toCharArray();
+
+    public static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes) {
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        for (byte b : bytes) {
+            sb.append(hexArray[b >>> 4]);
+            sb.append(hexArray[b & 0x0F]);
+            sb.append(' ');
+        }
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ProxyInfoTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ProxyInfoTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c5624c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ProxyInfoTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import android.net.ProxyInfo;
+import android.net.Uri;
+import android.os.Build;
+
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+public final class ProxyInfoTest {
+    private static final String TEST_HOST = "test.example.com";
+    private static final int TEST_PORT = 5566;
+    private static final Uri TEST_URI = Uri.parse("https://test.example.com");
+    // This matches android.net.ProxyInfo#LOCAL_EXCL_LIST
+    private static final String LOCAL_EXCL_LIST = "";
+    // This matches android.net.ProxyInfo#LOCAL_HOST
+    private static final String LOCAL_HOST = "localhost";
+    // This matches android.net.ProxyInfo#LOCAL_PORT
+    private static final int LOCAL_PORT = -1;
+
+    @Rule
+    public final DevSdkIgnoreRule ignoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConstructor() {
+        final ProxyInfo proxy = new ProxyInfo((ProxyInfo) null);
+        checkEmpty(proxy);
+
+        assertEquals(proxy, new ProxyInfo(proxy));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBuildDirectProxy() {
+        final ProxyInfo proxy1 = ProxyInfo.buildDirectProxy(TEST_HOST, TEST_PORT);
+
+        assertEquals(TEST_HOST, proxy1.getHost());
+        assertEquals(TEST_PORT, proxy1.getPort());
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[0], proxy1.getExclusionList());
+        assertEquals(Uri.EMPTY, proxy1.getPacFileUrl());
+
+        final List<String> exclList = new ArrayList<>();
+        exclList.add("localhost");
+        exclList.add("*.exclusion.com");
+        final ProxyInfo proxy2 = ProxyInfo.buildDirectProxy(TEST_HOST, TEST_PORT, exclList);
+
+        assertEquals(TEST_HOST, proxy2.getHost());
+        assertEquals(TEST_PORT, proxy2.getPort());
+        assertArrayEquals(exclList.toArray(new String[0]), proxy2.getExclusionList());
+        assertEquals(Uri.EMPTY, proxy2.getPacFileUrl());
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testBuildPacProxy() {
+        final ProxyInfo proxy1 = ProxyInfo.buildPacProxy(TEST_URI);
+
+        assertEquals(LOCAL_HOST, proxy1.getHost());
+        assertEquals(LOCAL_PORT, proxy1.getPort());
+        assertArrayEquals(LOCAL_EXCL_LIST.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).split(","),
+                proxy1.getExclusionList());
+        assertEquals(TEST_URI, proxy1.getPacFileUrl());
+
+        final ProxyInfo proxy2 = ProxyInfo.buildPacProxy(TEST_URI, TEST_PORT);
+
+        assertEquals(LOCAL_HOST, proxy2.getHost());
+        assertEquals(TEST_PORT, proxy2.getPort());
+        assertArrayEquals(LOCAL_EXCL_LIST.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).split(","),
+                proxy2.getExclusionList());
+        assertEquals(TEST_URI, proxy2.getPacFileUrl());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIsValid() {
+        final ProxyInfo proxy1 = ProxyInfo.buildDirectProxy(TEST_HOST, TEST_PORT);
+        assertTrue(proxy1.isValid());
+
+        // Given empty host
+        final ProxyInfo proxy2 = ProxyInfo.buildDirectProxy("", TEST_PORT);
+        assertFalse(proxy2.isValid());
+        // Given invalid host
+        final ProxyInfo proxy3 = ProxyInfo.buildDirectProxy(".invalid.com", TEST_PORT);
+        assertFalse(proxy3.isValid());
+        // Given invalid port.
+        final ProxyInfo proxy4 = ProxyInfo.buildDirectProxy(TEST_HOST, 0);
+        assertFalse(proxy4.isValid());
+        // Given another invalid port
+        final ProxyInfo proxy5 = ProxyInfo.buildDirectProxy(TEST_HOST, 65536);
+        assertFalse(proxy5.isValid());
+        // Given invalid exclusion list
+        final List<String> exclList = new ArrayList<>();
+        exclList.add(".invalid.com");
+        exclList.add("%.test.net");
+        final ProxyInfo proxy6 = ProxyInfo.buildDirectProxy(TEST_HOST, TEST_PORT, exclList);
+        assertFalse(proxy6.isValid());
+    }
+
+    private void checkEmpty(ProxyInfo proxy) {
+        assertNull(proxy.getHost());
+        assertEquals(0, proxy.getPort());
+        assertNull(proxy.getExclusionList());
+        assertEquals(Uri.EMPTY, proxy.getPacFileUrl());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ProxyTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ProxyTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a661b26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ProxyTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net.cts
+
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager
+import android.net.Proxy
+import android.net.ProxyInfo
+import android.net.Uri
+import android.os.Build
+import android.text.TextUtils
+import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
+import org.junit.Assert
+import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
+import org.junit.Rule
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+
+@SmallTest
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+class ProxyTest {
+    @get:Rule
+    val ignoreRule = DevSdkIgnoreRule()
+
+    @Test
+    fun testConstructor() {
+        Proxy()
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testAccessProperties() {
+        val minValidPort = 0
+        val maxValidPort = 65535
+        val defaultPort = Proxy.getDefaultPort()
+        if (null == Proxy.getDefaultHost()) {
+            assertEquals(-1, defaultPort.toLong())
+        } else {
+            Assert.assertTrue(defaultPort in minValidPort..maxValidPort)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun verifyProxySystemProperties(info: ProxyInfo) {
+        assertEquals(info.host, System.getProperty("http.proxyHost"))
+        assertEquals(info.host, System.getProperty("https.proxyHost"))
+
+        assertEquals(info.port.toString(), System.getProperty("http.proxyPort"))
+        assertEquals(info.port.toString(), System.getProperty("https.proxyPort"))
+
+        val strExcludes = if (info.exclusionList.isEmpty()) null
+                else TextUtils.join("|", info.exclusionList)
+        assertEquals(strExcludes, System.getProperty("https.nonProxyHosts"))
+        assertEquals(strExcludes, System.getProperty("http.nonProxyHosts"))
+    }
+
+    private fun getDefaultProxy(): ProxyInfo? {
+        return InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().context
+                .getSystemService(ConnectivityManager::class.java)
+                .getDefaultProxy()
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R) // setHttpProxyConfiguration was added in S
+    fun testSetHttpProxyConfiguration_DirectProxy() {
+        val info = ProxyInfo.buildDirectProxy(
+                "testproxy.android.com",
+                12345 /* port */,
+                listOf("testexclude1.android.com", "testexclude2.android.com"))
+        val original = getDefaultProxy()
+        try {
+            Proxy.setHttpProxyConfiguration(info)
+            verifyProxySystemProperties(info)
+        } finally {
+            Proxy.setHttpProxyConfiguration(original)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R) // setHttpProxyConfiguration was added in S
+    fun testSetHttpProxyConfiguration_PacProxy() {
+        val pacInfo = ProxyInfo.buildPacProxy(Uri.parse("http://testpac.android.com/pac.pac"))
+        val original = getDefaultProxy()
+        try {
+            Proxy.setHttpProxyConfiguration(pacInfo)
+            verifyProxySystemProperties(pacInfo)
+        } finally {
+            Proxy.setHttpProxyConfiguration(original)
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/QosCallbackExceptionTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/QosCallbackExceptionTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd43a34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/QosCallbackExceptionTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import android.net.NetworkReleasedException;
+import android.net.QosCallbackException;
+import android.net.SocketLocalAddressChangedException;
+import android.net.SocketNotBoundException;
+import android.os.Build;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class QosCallbackExceptionTest {
+    private static final String ERROR_MESSAGE = "Test Error Message";
+    private static final String ERROR_MSG_SOCK_NOT_BOUND = "The socket is unbound";
+    private static final String ERROR_MSG_NET_RELEASED =
+            "The network was released and is no longer available";
+    private static final String ERROR_MSG_SOCK_ADDR_CHANGED =
+            "The local address of the socket changed";
+
+
+    @Test
+    public void testQosCallbackException() throws Exception {
+        final Throwable testcause = new Throwable(ERROR_MESSAGE);
+        final QosCallbackException exception = new QosCallbackException(testcause);
+        assertEquals(testcause, exception.getCause());
+
+        final QosCallbackException exceptionMsg = new QosCallbackException(ERROR_MESSAGE);
+        assertEquals(ERROR_MESSAGE, exceptionMsg.getMessage());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkReleasedExceptions() throws Exception {
+        final Throwable netReleasedException = new NetworkReleasedException();
+        final QosCallbackException exception = new QosCallbackException(netReleasedException);
+
+        assertTrue(exception.getCause() instanceof NetworkReleasedException);
+        assertEquals(netReleasedException, exception.getCause());
+        assertTrue(exception.getMessage().contains(ERROR_MSG_NET_RELEASED));
+        assertThrowableMessageContains(exception, ERROR_MSG_NET_RELEASED);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSocketNotBoundExceptions() throws Exception {
+        final Throwable sockNotBoundException = new SocketNotBoundException();
+        final QosCallbackException exception = new QosCallbackException(sockNotBoundException);
+
+        assertTrue(exception.getCause() instanceof SocketNotBoundException);
+        assertEquals(sockNotBoundException, exception.getCause());
+        assertTrue(exception.getMessage().contains(ERROR_MSG_SOCK_NOT_BOUND));
+        assertThrowableMessageContains(exception, ERROR_MSG_SOCK_NOT_BOUND);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSocketLocalAddressChangedExceptions() throws  Exception {
+        final Throwable localAddrChangedException = new SocketLocalAddressChangedException();
+        final QosCallbackException exception = new QosCallbackException(localAddrChangedException);
+
+        assertTrue(exception.getCause() instanceof SocketLocalAddressChangedException);
+        assertEquals(localAddrChangedException, exception.getCause());
+        assertTrue(exception.getMessage().contains(ERROR_MSG_SOCK_ADDR_CHANGED));
+        assertThrowableMessageContains(exception, ERROR_MSG_SOCK_ADDR_CHANGED);
+    }
+
+    private void assertThrowableMessageContains(QosCallbackException exception, String errorMsg)
+            throws Exception {
+        try {
+            triggerException(exception);
+            fail("Expect exception");
+        } catch (QosCallbackException e) {
+            assertTrue(e.getMessage().contains(errorMsg));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void triggerException(QosCallbackException exception) throws Exception {
+        throw new QosCallbackException(exception.getCause());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/RateLimitTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/RateLimitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..423f213
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/RateLimitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import static android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_IP;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP;
+
+import static androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry.getContext;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_MTU;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV4_ADDR_ANY;
+import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt.SC_V2;
+import static com.android.testutils.TestPermissionUtil.runAsShell;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.icu.text.MessageFormat;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager;
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkAgentConfig;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.net.RouteInfo;
+import android.net.TestNetworkInterface;
+import android.net.TestNetworkManager;
+import android.net.TestNetworkSpecifier;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
+import android.system.Os;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil;
+import com.android.net.module.util.PacketBuilder;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent;
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.DatagramPacket;
+import java.net.DatagramSocket;
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.SocketTimeoutException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+@AppModeFull(reason = "Instant apps cannot access /dev/tun, so createTunInterface fails")
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2)
+public class RateLimitTest {
+    // cannot be final as it gets initialized inside ensureKernelConfigLoaded().
+    private static HashSet<String> sKernelConfig;
+
+    private static final String TAG = "RateLimitTest";
+    private static final LinkAddress LOCAL_IP4_ADDR = new LinkAddress("10.0.0.1/8");
+    private static final InetAddress REMOTE_IP4_ADDR = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("8.8.8.8");
+    private static final short TEST_UDP_PORT = 1234;
+    private static final byte TOS = 0;
+    private static final short ID = 27149;
+    private static final short DONT_FRAG_FLAG_MASK = (short) 0x4000; // flags=DF, offset=0
+    private static final byte TIME_TO_LIVE = 64;
+    private static final byte[] PAYLOAD = new byte[1472];
+
+    private Handler mHandler;
+    private Context mContext;
+    private TestNetworkManager mNetworkManager;
+    private TestNetworkInterface mTunInterface;
+    private ConnectivityManager mCm;
+    private TestNetworkSpecifier mNetworkSpecifier;
+    private NetworkCapabilities mNetworkCapabilities;
+    private TestableNetworkCallback mNetworkCallback;
+    private LinkProperties mLinkProperties;
+    private TestableNetworkAgent mNetworkAgent;
+    private Network mNetwork;
+    private DatagramSocket mSocket;
+
+    // Note: exceptions thrown in @BeforeClass or @ClassRule methods are not reported correctly.
+    // This function is called from setUp and loads the kernel config options the first time it is
+    // invoked. This ensures proper error reporting.
+    private static synchronized void ensureKernelConfigLoaded() {
+        if (sKernelConfig != null) return;
+        final String result = SystemUtil.runShellCommandOrThrow("gzip -cd /proc/config.gz");
+        sKernelConfig = Arrays.stream(result.split("\\R")).collect(
+                Collectors.toCollection(HashSet::new));
+
+        // make sure that if for some reason /proc/config.gz returns an empty string, this test
+        // does not silently fail.
+        assertNotEquals("gzip -cd /proc/config.gz returned an empty string", 0, result.length());
+    }
+
+    private static void assumeKernelSupport() {
+        assumeTrue(sKernelConfig.contains("CONFIG_NET_CLS_MATCHALL=y"));
+        assumeTrue(sKernelConfig.contains("CONFIG_NET_ACT_POLICE=y"));
+        assumeTrue(sKernelConfig.contains("CONFIG_NET_ACT_BPF=y"));
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws IOException {
+        ensureKernelConfigLoaded();
+
+        mHandler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
+
+        runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS, () -> {
+            mContext = getContext();
+
+            mNetworkManager = mContext.getSystemService(TestNetworkManager.class);
+            mTunInterface = mNetworkManager.createTunInterface(Arrays.asList(LOCAL_IP4_ADDR));
+        });
+
+        mCm = mContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
+        mNetworkSpecifier = new TestNetworkSpecifier(mTunInterface.getInterfaceName());
+        mNetworkCapabilities = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+                .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(mNetworkSpecifier).build();
+        mNetworkCallback = new TestableNetworkCallback();
+
+        mCm.requestNetwork(
+                new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                        .removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+                        .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                        .setNetworkSpecifier(mNetworkSpecifier)
+                        .build(),
+                mNetworkCallback);
+
+        mLinkProperties = new LinkProperties();
+        mLinkProperties.addLinkAddress(LOCAL_IP4_ADDR);
+        mLinkProperties.setInterfaceName(mTunInterface.getInterfaceName());
+        mLinkProperties.addRoute(
+                new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(IPV4_ADDR_ANY, 0), null,
+                        mTunInterface.getInterfaceName()));
+
+
+        runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS, () -> {
+            mNetworkAgent = new TestableNetworkAgent(mContext, mHandler.getLooper(),
+                    mNetworkCapabilities, mLinkProperties,
+                    new NetworkAgentConfig.Builder().setExplicitlySelected(
+                            true).setUnvalidatedConnectivityAcceptable(true).build());
+
+            mNetworkAgent.register();
+            mNetworkAgent.markConnected();
+        });
+
+        mNetwork = mNetworkAgent.getNetwork();
+        mNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mNetwork, 5_000);
+        mSocket = new DatagramSocket(TEST_UDP_PORT);
+        mSocket.setSoTimeout(1_000);
+        mNetwork.bindSocket(mSocket);
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws IOException {
+        if (mContext != null) {
+            // whatever happens, don't leave the device in rate limited state.
+            ConnectivitySettingsManager.setIngressRateLimitInBytesPerSecond(mContext, -1);
+        }
+        if (mSocket != null) mSocket.close();
+        if (mNetworkAgent != null) mNetworkAgent.unregister();
+        if (mTunInterface != null) mTunInterface.getFileDescriptor().close();
+        if (mCm != null) mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(mNetworkCallback);
+    }
+
+    private void assertGreaterThan(final String msg, long lhs, long rhs) {
+        assertTrue(msg + " -- Failed comparison: " + lhs + " > " + rhs, lhs > rhs);
+    }
+
+    private void assertLessThan(final String msg, long lhs, long rhs) {
+        assertTrue(msg + " -- Failed comparison: " + lhs + " < " + rhs, lhs < rhs);
+    }
+
+    private static void sendPacketsToTunInterfaceForDuration(final TestNetworkInterface iface,
+            final Duration duration) throws Exception {
+        final ByteBuffer buffer = PacketBuilder.allocate(false, IPPROTO_IP, IPPROTO_UDP,
+                PAYLOAD.length);
+        final PacketBuilder builder = new PacketBuilder(buffer);
+        builder.writeIpv4Header(TOS, ID, DONT_FRAG_FLAG_MASK, TIME_TO_LIVE,
+                (byte) IPPROTO_UDP, (Inet4Address) REMOTE_IP4_ADDR,
+                (Inet4Address) LOCAL_IP4_ADDR.getAddress());
+        builder.writeUdpHeader((short) TEST_UDP_PORT, (short) TEST_UDP_PORT);
+        buffer.put(PAYLOAD);
+        builder.finalizePacket();
+
+        // write packets to the tun fd as fast as possible for duration.
+        long endMillis = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() + duration.toMillis();
+        while (SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() < endMillis) {
+            Os.write(iface.getFileDescriptor().getFileDescriptor(), buffer.array(), 0,
+                    buffer.limit());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class RateMeasurementSocketReader extends Thread {
+        private volatile boolean mIsRunning = false;
+        private DatagramSocket mSocket;
+        private long mStartMillis = 0;
+        private long mStopMillis = 0;
+        private long mBytesReceived = 0;
+
+        RateMeasurementSocketReader(DatagramSocket socket) throws Exception {
+            mSocket = socket;
+        }
+
+        public void startTest() {
+            mIsRunning = true;
+            start();
+        }
+
+        public long stopAndGetResult() throws Exception {
+            mIsRunning = false;
+            join();
+
+            final long durationMillis = mStopMillis - mStartMillis;
+            return (long) ((double) mBytesReceived / (durationMillis / 1000.0));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void run() {
+            // Since the actual data is not used, the buffer can just be recycled.
+            final byte[] recvBuf = new byte[ETHER_MTU];
+            final DatagramPacket receivedPacket = new DatagramPacket(recvBuf, recvBuf.length);
+            while (mIsRunning) {
+                try {
+                    mSocket.receive(receivedPacket);
+
+                    // don't start the test until after the first packet is received and increment
+                    // mBytesReceived starting with the second packet.
+                    long time = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
+                    if (mStartMillis == 0) {
+                        mStartMillis = time;
+                    } else {
+                        mBytesReceived += receivedPacket.getLength();
+                    }
+                    // there may not be another packet, update the stop time on every iteration.
+                    mStopMillis = time;
+                } catch (SocketTimeoutException e) {
+                    // sender has stopped sending data, do nothing and return.
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    Log.e(TAG, "socket receive failed", e);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private long runIngressDataRateMeasurement(final Duration testDuration) throws Exception {
+        final RateMeasurementSocketReader reader = new RateMeasurementSocketReader(mSocket);
+        reader.startTest();
+        sendPacketsToTunInterfaceForDuration(mTunInterface, testDuration);
+        return reader.stopAndGetResult();
+    }
+
+    void waitForTcPoliceFilterInstalled(Duration timeout) throws IOException {
+        final String command = MessageFormat.format("tc filter show ingress dev {0}",
+                mTunInterface.getInterfaceName());
+        // wait for tc police to show up
+        final long startTime = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
+        final long timeoutTime = startTime + timeout.toMillis();
+        while (!SystemUtil.runShellCommand(command).contains("police")) {
+            assertLessThan("timed out waiting for tc police filter",
+                    SystemClock.elapsedRealtime(), timeoutTime);
+            SystemClock.sleep(10);
+        }
+        Log.v(TAG, "waited " + (SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - startTime)
+                + "ms for tc police filter to appear");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIngressRateLimit_testLimit() throws Exception {
+        assumeKernelSupport();
+
+        // If this value is too low, this test might become flaky because of the burst value that
+        // allows to send at a higher data rate for a short period of time. The faster the data rate
+        // and the longer the test, the less this test will be affected.
+        final long dataLimitInBytesPerSecond = 1_000_000; // 1MB/s
+        long resultInBytesPerSecond = runIngressDataRateMeasurement(Duration.ofSeconds(1));
+        assertGreaterThan("Failed initial test with rate limit disabled", resultInBytesPerSecond,
+                dataLimitInBytesPerSecond);
+
+        // enable rate limit and wait until the tc filter is installed before starting the test.
+        ConnectivitySettingsManager.setIngressRateLimitInBytesPerSecond(mContext,
+                dataLimitInBytesPerSecond);
+        waitForTcPoliceFilterInstalled(Duration.ofSeconds(1));
+
+        resultInBytesPerSecond = runIngressDataRateMeasurement(Duration.ofSeconds(10));
+        // Add 1% tolerance to reduce test flakiness. Burst size is constant at 128KiB.
+        assertLessThan("Failed test with rate limit enabled", resultInBytesPerSecond,
+                (long) (dataLimitInBytesPerSecond * 1.01));
+
+        ConnectivitySettingsManager.setIngressRateLimitInBytesPerSecond(mContext, -1);
+
+        resultInBytesPerSecond = runIngressDataRateMeasurement(Duration.ofSeconds(1));
+        assertGreaterThan("Failed test with rate limit disabled", resultInBytesPerSecond,
+                dataLimitInBytesPerSecond);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIngressRateLimit_testSetting() {
+        int dataLimitInBytesPerSecond = 1_000_000;
+        ConnectivitySettingsManager.setIngressRateLimitInBytesPerSecond(mContext,
+                dataLimitInBytesPerSecond);
+        assertEquals(dataLimitInBytesPerSecond,
+                ConnectivitySettingsManager.getIngressRateLimitInBytesPerSecond(mContext));
+        ConnectivitySettingsManager.setIngressRateLimitInBytesPerSecond(mContext, -1);
+        assertEquals(-1,
+                ConnectivitySettingsManager.getIngressRateLimitInBytesPerSecond(mContext));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/RssiCurveTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/RssiCurveTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d651b71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/RssiCurveTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
+
+import android.net.RssiCurve;
+
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+/** CTS tests for {@link RssiCurve}. */
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+public class RssiCurveTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void lookupScore_constantCurve() {
+        // One bucket from rssi=-100 to 100 with score 10.
+        RssiCurve curve = new RssiCurve(-100, 200, new byte[] { 10 });
+        assertThat(curve.lookupScore(-200)).isEqualTo(10);
+        assertThat(curve.lookupScore(-100)).isEqualTo(10);
+        assertThat(curve.lookupScore(0)).isEqualTo(10);
+        assertThat(curve.lookupScore(100)).isEqualTo(10);
+        assertThat(curve.lookupScore(200)).isEqualTo(10);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void lookupScore_changingCurve() {
+        // One bucket from -100 to 0 with score -10, and one bucket from 0 to 100 with score 10.
+        RssiCurve curve = new RssiCurve(-100, 100, new byte[] { -10, 10 });
+        assertThat(curve.lookupScore(-200)).isEqualTo(-10);
+        assertThat(curve.lookupScore(-100)).isEqualTo(-10);
+        assertThat(curve.lookupScore(-50)).isEqualTo(-10);
+        assertThat(curve.lookupScore(0)).isEqualTo(10);
+        assertThat(curve.lookupScore(50)).isEqualTo(10);
+        assertThat(curve.lookupScore(100)).isEqualTo(10);
+        assertThat(curve.lookupScore(200)).isEqualTo(10);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void lookupScore_linearCurve() {
+        // Curve starting at -110, with 15 buckets of width 10 whose scores increases by 10 with
+        // each bucket. The current active network gets a boost of 15 to its RSSI.
+        RssiCurve curve = new RssiCurve(
+                -110,
+                10,
+                new byte[] { -20, -10, 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120 },
+                15);
+
+        assertThat(curve.lookupScore(-120)).isEqualTo(-20);
+        assertThat(curve.lookupScore(-120, false)).isEqualTo(-20);
+        assertThat(curve.lookupScore(-120, true)).isEqualTo(-20);
+
+        assertThat(curve.lookupScore(-111)).isEqualTo(-20);
+        assertThat(curve.lookupScore(-111, false)).isEqualTo(-20);
+        assertThat(curve.lookupScore(-111, true)).isEqualTo(-10);
+
+        assertThat(curve.lookupScore(-110)).isEqualTo(-20);
+        assertThat(curve.lookupScore(-110, false)).isEqualTo(-20);
+        assertThat(curve.lookupScore(-110, true)).isEqualTo(-10);
+
+        assertThat(curve.lookupScore(-105)).isEqualTo(-20);
+        assertThat(curve.lookupScore(-105, false)).isEqualTo(-20);
+        assertThat(curve.lookupScore(-105, true)).isEqualTo(0);
+
+        assertThat(curve.lookupScore(-100)).isEqualTo(-10);
+        assertThat(curve.lookupScore(-100, false)).isEqualTo(-10);
+        assertThat(curve.lookupScore(-100, true)).isEqualTo(0);
+
+        assertThat(curve.lookupScore(-50)).isEqualTo(40);
+        assertThat(curve.lookupScore(-50, false)).isEqualTo(40);
+        assertThat(curve.lookupScore(-50, true)).isEqualTo(50);
+
+        assertThat(curve.lookupScore(0)).isEqualTo(90);
+        assertThat(curve.lookupScore(0, false)).isEqualTo(90);
+        assertThat(curve.lookupScore(0, true)).isEqualTo(100);
+
+        assertThat(curve.lookupScore(30)).isEqualTo(120);
+        assertThat(curve.lookupScore(30, false)).isEqualTo(120);
+        assertThat(curve.lookupScore(30, true)).isEqualTo(120);
+
+        assertThat(curve.lookupScore(40)).isEqualTo(120);
+        assertThat(curve.lookupScore(40, false)).isEqualTo(120);
+        assertThat(curve.lookupScore(40, true)).isEqualTo(120);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/SSLCertificateSocketFactoryTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/SSLCertificateSocketFactoryTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cbe54f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/SSLCertificateSocketFactoryTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,348 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import android.net.SSLCertificateSocketFactory;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.Socket;
+import java.net.SocketAddress;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import javax.net.ssl.HostnameVerifier;
+import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
+import javax.net.ssl.SSLPeerUnverifiedException;
+import javax.net.ssl.SSLSession;
+import libcore.javax.net.ssl.SSLConfigurationAsserts;
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;
+
+@RunWith(JUnit4.class)
+public class SSLCertificateSocketFactoryTest {
+    // TEST_HOST should point to a web server with a valid TLS certificate.
+    private static final String TEST_HOST = "www.google.com";
+    private static final int HTTPS_PORT = 443;
+    private HostnameVerifier mDefaultVerifier;
+    private SSLCertificateSocketFactory mSocketFactory;
+    private InetAddress mLocalAddress;
+    // InetAddress obtained by resolving TEST_HOST.
+    private InetAddress mTestHostAddress;
+    // SocketAddress combining mTestHostAddress and HTTPS_PORT.
+    private List<SocketAddress> mTestSocketAddresses;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() {
+        // Expected state before each test method is that
+        // HttpsURLConnection.getDefaultHostnameVerifier() will return the system default.
+        mDefaultVerifier = HttpsURLConnection.getDefaultHostnameVerifier();
+        mSocketFactory = (SSLCertificateSocketFactory)
+            SSLCertificateSocketFactory.getDefault(1000 /* handshakeTimeoutMillis */);
+        assertNotNull(mSocketFactory);
+        InetAddress[] addresses;
+        try {
+            addresses = InetAddress.getAllByName(TEST_HOST);
+            mTestHostAddress = addresses[0];
+        } catch (UnknownHostException uhe) {
+            throw new AssertionError(
+                "Unable to test SSLCertificateSocketFactory: cannot resolve " + TEST_HOST, uhe);
+        }
+
+        mTestSocketAddresses = Arrays.stream(addresses)
+            .map(addr -> new InetSocketAddress(addr, HTTPS_PORT))
+            .collect(Collectors.toList());
+
+        // Find the local IP address which will be used to connect to TEST_HOST.
+        try {
+            Socket testSocket = new Socket(TEST_HOST, HTTPS_PORT);
+            mLocalAddress = testSocket.getLocalAddress();
+            testSocket.close();
+        } catch (IOException ioe) {
+            throw new AssertionError(""
+                + "Unable to test SSLCertificateSocketFactory: cannot connect to "
+                + TEST_HOST, ioe);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Restore the system default hostname verifier after each test.
+    @After
+    public void restoreDefaultHostnameVerifier() {
+        HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultHostnameVerifier(mDefaultVerifier);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDefaultConfiguration() throws Exception {
+        SSLConfigurationAsserts.assertSSLSocketFactoryDefaultConfiguration(mSocketFactory);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAccessProperties() {
+        mSocketFactory.getSupportedCipherSuites();
+        mSocketFactory.getDefaultCipherSuites();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests the {@code createSocket()} cases which are expected to fail with {@code IOException}.
+     */
+    @Test
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Socket cannot bind in instant app mode")
+    public void createSocket_io_error_expected() {
+        // Connect to the localhost HTTPS port. Should result in connection refused IOException
+        // because no service should be listening on that port.
+        InetAddress localhostAddress = InetAddress.getLoopbackAddress();
+        try {
+            mSocketFactory.createSocket(localhostAddress, HTTPS_PORT);
+            fail();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            // expected
+        }
+
+        // Same, but also binding to a local address.
+        try {
+            mSocketFactory.createSocket(localhostAddress, HTTPS_PORT, localhostAddress, 0);
+            fail();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            // expected
+        }
+
+        // Same, wrapping an existing plain socket which is in an unconnected state.
+        try {
+            Socket socket = new Socket();
+            mSocketFactory.createSocket(socket, "localhost", HTTPS_PORT, true);
+            fail();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests hostname verification for
+     * {@link SSLCertificateSocketFactory#createSocket(String, int)}.
+     *
+     * <p>This method should return a socket which is fully connected (i.e. TLS handshake complete)
+     * and whose peer TLS certificate has been verified to have the correct hostname.
+     *
+     * <p>{@link SSLCertificateSocketFactory} is documented to verify hostnames using
+     * the {@link HostnameVerifier} returned by
+     * {@link HttpsURLConnection#getDefaultHostnameVerifier}, so this test connects twice,
+     * once with the system default {@link HostnameVerifier} which is expected to succeed,
+     * and once after installing a {@link NegativeHostnameVerifier} which will cause
+     * {@link SSLCertificateSocketFactory#verifyHostname} to throw a
+     * {@link SSLPeerUnverifiedException}.
+     *
+     * <p>These tests only test the hostname verification logic in SSLCertificateSocketFactory,
+     * other TLS failure modes and the default HostnameVerifier are tested elsewhere, see
+     * {@link com.squareup.okhttp.internal.tls.HostnameVerifierTest} and
+     * https://android.googlesource.com/platform/external/boringssl/+/refs/heads/master/src/ssl/test
+     *
+     * <p>Tests the following behaviour:-
+     * <ul>
+     * <li>TEST_SERVER is available and has a valid TLS certificate
+     * <li>{@code createSocket()} verifies the remote hostname is correct using
+     *     {@link HttpsURLConnection#getDefaultHostnameVerifier}
+     * <li>{@link SSLPeerUnverifiedException} is thrown when the remote hostname is invalid
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * <p>See also http://b/2807618.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void createSocket_simple_with_hostname_verification() throws Exception {
+        Socket socket = mSocketFactory.createSocket(TEST_HOST, HTTPS_PORT);
+        assertConnectedSocket(socket);
+        socket.close();
+
+        HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultHostnameVerifier(new NegativeHostnameVerifier());
+        try {
+            mSocketFactory.createSocket(TEST_HOST, HTTPS_PORT);
+            fail();
+        } catch (SSLPeerUnverifiedException expected) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests hostname verification for
+     * {@link SSLCertificateSocketFactory#createSocket(Socket, String, int, boolean)}.
+     *
+     * <p>This method should return a socket which is fully connected (i.e. TLS handshake complete)
+     * and whose peer TLS certificate has been verified to have the correct hostname.
+     *
+     * <p>The TLS socket returned is wrapped around the plain socket passed into
+     * {@code createSocket()}.
+     *
+     * <p>See {@link #createSocket_simple_with_hostname_verification()} for test methodology.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void createSocket_wrapped_with_hostname_verification() throws Exception {
+        Socket underlying = new Socket(TEST_HOST, HTTPS_PORT);
+        Socket socket = mSocketFactory.createSocket(underlying, TEST_HOST, HTTPS_PORT, true);
+        assertConnectedSocket(socket);
+        socket.close();
+
+        HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultHostnameVerifier(new NegativeHostnameVerifier());
+        try {
+            underlying = new Socket(TEST_HOST, HTTPS_PORT);
+            mSocketFactory.createSocket(underlying, TEST_HOST, HTTPS_PORT, true);
+            fail();
+        } catch (SSLPeerUnverifiedException expected) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests hostname verification for
+     * {@link SSLCertificateSocketFactory#createSocket(String, int, InetAddress, int)}.
+     *
+     * <p>This method should return a socket which is fully connected (i.e. TLS handshake complete)
+     * and whose peer TLS certificate has been verified to have the correct hostname.
+     *
+     * <p>The TLS socket returned is also bound to the local address determined in {@link #setUp} to
+     * be used for connections to TEST_HOST, and a wildcard port.
+     *
+     * <p>See {@link #createSocket_simple_with_hostname_verification()} for test methodology.
+     */
+    @Test
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Socket cannot bind in instant app mode")
+    public void createSocket_bound_with_hostname_verification() throws Exception {
+        Socket socket = mSocketFactory.createSocket(TEST_HOST, HTTPS_PORT, mLocalAddress, 0);
+        assertConnectedSocket(socket);
+        socket.close();
+
+        HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultHostnameVerifier(new NegativeHostnameVerifier());
+        try {
+            mSocketFactory.createSocket(TEST_HOST, HTTPS_PORT, mLocalAddress, 0);
+            fail();
+        } catch (SSLPeerUnverifiedException expected) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests hostname verification for
+     * {@link SSLCertificateSocketFactory#createSocket(InetAddress, int)}.
+     *
+     * <p>This method should return a socket which the documentation describes as "unconnected",
+     * which actually means that the socket is fully connected at the TCP layer but TLS handshaking
+     * and hostname verification have not yet taken place.
+     *
+     * <p>Behaviour is tested by installing a {@link NegativeHostnameVerifier} and by calling
+     * {@link #assertConnectedSocket} to ensure TLS handshaking but no hostname verification takes
+     * place.  Next, {@link SSLCertificateSocketFactory#verifyHostname} is called to ensure
+     * that hostname verification is using the {@link HostnameVerifier} returned by
+     * {@link HttpsURLConnection#getDefaultHostnameVerifier} as documented.
+     *
+     * <p>Tests the following behaviour:-
+     * <ul>
+     * <li>TEST_SERVER is available and has a valid TLS certificate
+     * <li>{@code createSocket()} does not verify the remote hostname
+     * <li>Calling {@link SSLCertificateSocketFactory#verifyHostname} on the returned socket
+     *     throws {@link SSLPeerUnverifiedException} if the remote hostname is invalid
+     * </ul>
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void createSocket_simple_no_hostname_verification() throws Exception{
+        HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultHostnameVerifier(new NegativeHostnameVerifier());
+        Socket socket = mSocketFactory.createSocket(mTestHostAddress, HTTPS_PORT);
+        // Need to provide the expected hostname here or the TLS handshake will
+        // be unable to supply SNI to the remote host.
+        mSocketFactory.setHostname(socket, TEST_HOST);
+        assertConnectedSocket(socket);
+        try {
+          SSLCertificateSocketFactory.verifyHostname(socket, TEST_HOST);
+          fail();
+        } catch (SSLPeerUnverifiedException expected) {
+            // expected
+        }
+        HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultHostnameVerifier(mDefaultVerifier);
+        SSLCertificateSocketFactory.verifyHostname(socket, TEST_HOST);
+        socket.close();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests hostname verification for
+     * {@link SSLCertificateSocketFactory#createSocket(InetAddress, int, InetAddress, int)}.
+     *
+     * <p>This method should return a socket which the documentation describes as "unconnected",
+     * which actually means that the socket is fully connected at the TCP layer but TLS handshaking
+     * and hostname verification have not yet taken place.
+     *
+     * <p>The TLS socket returned is also bound to the local address determined in {@link #setUp} to
+     * be used for connections to TEST_HOST, and a wildcard port.
+     *
+     * <p>See {@link #createSocket_simple_no_hostname_verification()} for test methodology.
+     */
+    @Test
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Socket cannot bind in instant app mode")
+    public void createSocket_bound_no_hostname_verification() throws Exception{
+        HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultHostnameVerifier(new NegativeHostnameVerifier());
+        Socket socket =
+            mSocketFactory.createSocket(mTestHostAddress, HTTPS_PORT, mLocalAddress, 0);
+        // Need to provide the expected hostname here or the TLS handshake will
+        // be unable to supply SNI to the peer.
+        mSocketFactory.setHostname(socket, TEST_HOST);
+        assertConnectedSocket(socket);
+        try {
+          SSLCertificateSocketFactory.verifyHostname(socket, TEST_HOST);
+          fail();
+        } catch (SSLPeerUnverifiedException expected) {
+            // expected
+        }
+        HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultHostnameVerifier(mDefaultVerifier);
+        SSLCertificateSocketFactory.verifyHostname(socket, TEST_HOST);
+        socket.close();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Asserts a socket is fully connected to the expected peer.
+     *
+     * <p>For the variants of createSocket which verify the remote hostname,
+     * {@code socket} should already be fully connected.
+     *
+     * <p>For the non-verifying variants, retrieving the input stream will trigger a TLS handshake
+     * and so may throw an exception, for example if the peer's certificate is invalid.
+     *
+     * <p>Does no hostname verification.
+     */
+    private void assertConnectedSocket(Socket socket) throws Exception {
+        assertNotNull(socket);
+        assertTrue(socket.isConnected());
+        assertNotNull(socket.getInputStream());
+        assertNotNull(socket.getOutputStream());
+        assertTrue(mTestSocketAddresses.contains(socket.getRemoteSocketAddress()));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A HostnameVerifier which always returns false to simulate a server returning a
+     * certificate which does not match the expected hostname.
+     */
+    private static class NegativeHostnameVerifier implements HostnameVerifier {
+        @Override
+        public boolean verify(String hostname, SSLSession sslSession) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/StaticIpConfigurationTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/StaticIpConfigurationTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2d3346
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/StaticIpConfigurationTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.RouteInfo;
+import android.net.StaticIpConfiguration;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public class StaticIpConfigurationTest {
+
+    private static final String ADDRSTR = "192.0.2.2/25";
+    private static final LinkAddress ADDR = new LinkAddress(ADDRSTR);
+    private static final InetAddress GATEWAY = ipAddress("192.0.2.1");
+    private static final InetAddress OFFLINKGATEWAY = ipAddress("192.0.2.129");
+    private static final InetAddress DNS1 = ipAddress("8.8.8.8");
+    private static final InetAddress DNS2 = ipAddress("8.8.4.4");
+    private static final InetAddress DNS3 = ipAddress("4.2.2.2");
+    private static final InetAddress IPV6_ADDRESS = ipAddress("2001:4860:800d::68");
+    private static final LinkAddress IPV6_LINK_ADDRESS = new LinkAddress("2001:db8::1/64");
+    private static final String IFACE = "eth0";
+    private static final String FAKE_DOMAINS = "google.com";
+
+    @Rule
+    public final DevSdkIgnoreRule mIgnoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
+
+    private static InetAddress ipAddress(String addr) {
+        return InetAddress.parseNumericAddress(addr);
+    }
+
+    private void checkEmpty(StaticIpConfiguration s) {
+        assertNull(s.ipAddress);
+        assertNull(s.gateway);
+        assertNull(s.domains);
+        assertEquals(0, s.dnsServers.size());
+    }
+
+    private StaticIpConfiguration makeTestObject() {
+        StaticIpConfiguration s = new StaticIpConfiguration();
+        s.ipAddress = ADDR;
+        s.gateway = GATEWAY;
+        s.dnsServers.add(DNS1);
+        s.dnsServers.add(DNS2);
+        s.dnsServers.add(DNS3);
+        s.domains = FAKE_DOMAINS;
+        return s;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConstructor() {
+        StaticIpConfiguration s = new StaticIpConfiguration();
+        checkEmpty(s);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCopyAndClear() {
+        StaticIpConfiguration empty = new StaticIpConfiguration((StaticIpConfiguration) null);
+        checkEmpty(empty);
+
+        StaticIpConfiguration s1 = makeTestObject();
+        StaticIpConfiguration s2 = new StaticIpConfiguration(s1);
+        assertEquals(s1, s2);
+        s2.clear();
+        assertEquals(empty, s2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHashCodeAndEquals() {
+        HashSet<Integer> hashCodes = new HashSet();
+        hashCodes.add(0);
+
+        StaticIpConfiguration s = new StaticIpConfiguration();
+        // Check that this hash code is nonzero and different from all the ones seen so far.
+        assertTrue(hashCodes.add(s.hashCode()));
+
+        s.ipAddress = ADDR;
+        assertTrue(hashCodes.add(s.hashCode()));
+
+        s.gateway = GATEWAY;
+        assertTrue(hashCodes.add(s.hashCode()));
+
+        s.dnsServers.add(DNS1);
+        assertTrue(hashCodes.add(s.hashCode()));
+
+        s.dnsServers.add(DNS2);
+        assertTrue(hashCodes.add(s.hashCode()));
+
+        s.dnsServers.add(DNS3);
+        assertTrue(hashCodes.add(s.hashCode()));
+
+        s.domains = "example.com";
+        assertTrue(hashCodes.add(s.hashCode()));
+
+        assertFalse(s.equals(null));
+        assertEquals(s, s);
+
+        StaticIpConfiguration s2 = new StaticIpConfiguration(s);
+        assertEquals(s, s2);
+
+        s.ipAddress = new LinkAddress(DNS1, 32);
+        assertNotEquals(s, s2);
+
+        s2 = new StaticIpConfiguration(s);
+        s.domains = "foo";
+        assertNotEquals(s, s2);
+
+        s2 = new StaticIpConfiguration(s);
+        s.gateway = DNS2;
+        assertNotEquals(s, s2);
+
+        s2 = new StaticIpConfiguration(s);
+        s.dnsServers.add(DNS3);
+        assertNotEquals(s, s2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testToLinkProperties() {
+        LinkProperties expected = new LinkProperties();
+        expected.setInterfaceName(IFACE);
+
+        StaticIpConfiguration s = new StaticIpConfiguration();
+        assertEquals(expected, s.toLinkProperties(IFACE));
+
+        final RouteInfo connectedRoute = new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(ADDRSTR), null, IFACE);
+        s.ipAddress = ADDR;
+        expected.addLinkAddress(ADDR);
+        expected.addRoute(connectedRoute);
+        assertEquals(expected, s.toLinkProperties(IFACE));
+
+        s.gateway = GATEWAY;
+        RouteInfo defaultRoute = new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix("0.0.0.0/0"), GATEWAY, IFACE);
+        expected.addRoute(defaultRoute);
+        assertEquals(expected, s.toLinkProperties(IFACE));
+
+        s.gateway = OFFLINKGATEWAY;
+        expected.removeRoute(defaultRoute);
+        defaultRoute = new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix("0.0.0.0/0"), OFFLINKGATEWAY, IFACE);
+        expected.addRoute(defaultRoute);
+
+        RouteInfo gatewayRoute = new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix("192.0.2.129/32"), null, IFACE);
+        expected.addRoute(gatewayRoute);
+        assertEquals(expected, s.toLinkProperties(IFACE));
+
+        s.dnsServers.add(DNS1);
+        expected.addDnsServer(DNS1);
+        assertEquals(expected, s.toLinkProperties(IFACE));
+
+        s.dnsServers.add(DNS2);
+        s.dnsServers.add(DNS3);
+        expected.addDnsServer(DNS2);
+        expected.addDnsServer(DNS3);
+        assertEquals(expected, s.toLinkProperties(IFACE));
+
+        s.domains = FAKE_DOMAINS;
+        expected.setDomains(FAKE_DOMAINS);
+        assertEquals(expected, s.toLinkProperties(IFACE));
+
+        s.gateway = null;
+        expected.removeRoute(defaultRoute);
+        expected.removeRoute(gatewayRoute);
+        assertEquals(expected, s.toLinkProperties(IFACE));
+
+        // Without knowing the IP address, we don't have a directly-connected route, so we can't
+        // tell if the gateway is off-link or not and we don't add a host route. This isn't a real
+        // configuration, but we should at least not crash.
+        s.gateway = OFFLINKGATEWAY;
+        s.ipAddress = null;
+        expected.removeLinkAddress(ADDR);
+        expected.removeRoute(connectedRoute);
+        expected.addRoute(defaultRoute);
+        assertEquals(expected, s.toLinkProperties(IFACE));
+    }
+
+    private StaticIpConfiguration passThroughParcel(StaticIpConfiguration s) {
+        Parcel p = Parcel.obtain();
+        StaticIpConfiguration s2 = null;
+        try {
+            s.writeToParcel(p, 0);
+            p.setDataPosition(0);
+            s2 = StaticIpConfiguration.readFromParcel(p);
+        } finally {
+            p.recycle();
+        }
+        assertNotNull(s2);
+        return s2;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParceling() {
+        StaticIpConfiguration s = makeTestObject();
+        StaticIpConfiguration s2 = passThroughParcel(s);
+        assertEquals(s, s2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBuilder() {
+        final ArrayList<InetAddress> dnsServers = new ArrayList<>();
+        dnsServers.add(DNS1);
+
+        final StaticIpConfiguration s = new StaticIpConfiguration.Builder()
+                .setIpAddress(ADDR)
+                .setGateway(GATEWAY)
+                .setDomains(FAKE_DOMAINS)
+                .setDnsServers(dnsServers)
+                .build();
+
+        assertEquals(s.ipAddress, s.getIpAddress());
+        assertEquals(ADDR, s.getIpAddress());
+        assertEquals(s.gateway, s.getGateway());
+        assertEquals(GATEWAY, s.getGateway());
+        assertEquals(s.domains, s.getDomains());
+        assertEquals(FAKE_DOMAINS, s.getDomains());
+        assertTrue(s.dnsServers.equals(s.getDnsServers()));
+        assertEquals(1, s.getDnsServers().size());
+        assertEquals(DNS1, s.getDnsServers().get(0));
+    }
+
+    @ConnectivityModuleTest @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    @Test
+    public void testIllegalBuilders() {
+        assertThrows("Can't set IP Address to IPv6!", IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> {
+            StaticIpConfiguration.Builder b = new StaticIpConfiguration.Builder().setIpAddress(
+                    IPV6_LINK_ADDRESS);
+        });
+
+        assertThrows("Can't set gateway to IPv6!", IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> {
+            StaticIpConfiguration.Builder b = new StaticIpConfiguration.Builder().setGateway(
+                    IPV6_ADDRESS);
+        });
+
+        assertThrows("Can't set DNS servers using IPv6!", IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> {
+            final ArrayList<InetAddress> dnsServers = new ArrayList<>();
+            dnsServers.add(DNS1);
+            dnsServers.add(IPV6_ADDRESS);
+
+            StaticIpConfiguration.Builder b = new StaticIpConfiguration.Builder().setDnsServers(
+                    dnsServers);
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAddDnsServers() {
+        final StaticIpConfiguration s = new StaticIpConfiguration((StaticIpConfiguration) null);
+        checkEmpty(s);
+
+        s.addDnsServer(DNS1);
+        assertEquals(1, s.getDnsServers().size());
+        assertEquals(DNS1, s.getDnsServers().get(0));
+
+        s.addDnsServer(DNS2);
+        s.addDnsServer(DNS3);
+        assertEquals(3, s.getDnsServers().size());
+        assertEquals(DNS2, s.getDnsServers().get(1));
+        assertEquals(DNS3, s.getDnsServers().get(2));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRoutes() {
+        final StaticIpConfiguration s = makeTestObject();
+        final List<RouteInfo> routeInfoList = s.getRoutes(IFACE);
+
+        assertEquals(2, routeInfoList.size());
+        assertEquals(new RouteInfo(ADDR, (InetAddress) null, IFACE), routeInfoList.get(0));
+        assertEquals(new RouteInfo((IpPrefix) null, GATEWAY, IFACE), routeInfoList.get(1));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/TestNetworkRunnable.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/TestNetworkRunnable.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0eb5644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/TestNetworkRunnable.java
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import static android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
+import static android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils.TestNetworkCallback;
+
+import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.runWithShellPermissionIdentity;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.TestNetworkInterface;
+import android.net.TestNetworkManager;
+import android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils;
+
+import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
+
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.ThrowingRunnable;
+
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+
+/** This class supports running a test with a test network. */
+public class TestNetworkRunnable implements ThrowingRunnable {
+    private static final int IP4_PREFIX_LEN = 32;
+    private static final int IP6_PREFIX_LEN = 128;
+
+    private static final InetAddress DEFAULT_ADDRESS_4 =
+            InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("192.2.0.2");
+    private static final InetAddress DEFAULT_ADDRESS_6 =
+            InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8:1::2");
+
+    private static final Context sContext = InstrumentationRegistry.getContext();
+    private static final ConnectivityManager sCm =
+            sContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
+
+    private final Test mTest;
+
+    public TestNetworkRunnable(Test test) {
+        mTest = test;
+    }
+
+    private void runTest() throws Exception {
+        final TestNetworkManager tnm = sContext.getSystemService(TestNetworkManager.class);
+
+        // Non-final; these variables ensure we clean up properly after our test if we
+        // have allocated test network resources
+        TestNetworkInterface testIface = null;
+        TestNetworkCallback tunNetworkCallback = null;
+
+        final CtsNetUtils ctsNetUtils = new CtsNetUtils(sContext);
+        final InetAddress[] addresses = mTest.getTestNetworkAddresses();
+        final LinkAddress[] linkAddresses = new LinkAddress[addresses.length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < addresses.length; i++) {
+            InetAddress address = addresses[i];
+            if (address instanceof Inet4Address) {
+                linkAddresses[i] = new LinkAddress(address, IP4_PREFIX_LEN);
+            } else {
+                linkAddresses[i] = new LinkAddress(address, IP6_PREFIX_LEN);
+            }
+        }
+
+        try {
+            // Build underlying test network
+            testIface = tnm.createTunInterface(linkAddresses);
+
+            // Hold on to this callback to ensure network does not get reaped.
+            tunNetworkCallback = ctsNetUtils.setupAndGetTestNetwork(testIface.getInterfaceName());
+
+            mTest.runTest(testIface, tunNetworkCallback);
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                mTest.cleanupTest();
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                // No action
+            }
+
+            if (testIface != null) {
+                testIface.getFileDescriptor().close();
+            }
+
+            if (tunNetworkCallback != null) {
+                sCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(tunNetworkCallback);
+            }
+
+            final Network testNetwork = tunNetworkCallback.currentNetwork;
+            if (testNetwork != null) {
+                tnm.teardownTestNetwork(testNetwork);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void run() throws Exception {
+        if (sContext.checkSelfPermission(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS) == PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
+            runTest();
+        } else {
+            runWithShellPermissionIdentity(this::runTest, MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Interface for test caller to configure the test that will be run with a test network */
+    public interface Test {
+        /** Runs the test with a test network */
+        void runTest(TestNetworkInterface testIface, TestNetworkCallback tunNetworkCallback)
+                throws Exception;
+
+        /** Cleans up when the test is finished or interrupted */
+        void cleanupTest();
+
+        /** Returns the IP addresses that will be used by the test network */
+        default InetAddress[] getTestNetworkAddresses() {
+            return new InetAddress[] {DEFAULT_ADDRESS_4, DEFAULT_ADDRESS_6};
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/TestUtils.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/TestUtils.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c1100b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/TestUtils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import android.os.Build;
+
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.ConstantsShim;
+
+/**
+ * Utils class to provide common shared test helper methods or constants that behave differently
+ * depending on the SDK against which they are compiled.
+ */
+public class TestUtils {
+    /**
+     * Whether to test S+ APIs. This requires a) that the test be running on an S+ device, and
+     * b) that the code be compiled against shims new enough to access these APIs.
+     */
+    public static boolean shouldTestSApis() {
+        return SdkLevel.isAtLeastS() && ConstantsShim.VERSION > Build.VERSION_CODES.R;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/TheaterModeTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/TheaterModeTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d1ddeaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/TheaterModeTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import android.content.ContentResolver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
+import android.provider.Settings;
+import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+public class TheaterModeTest extends AndroidTestCase {
+    private static final String TAG = "TheaterModeTest";
+    private static final String FEATURE_BLUETOOTH = "android.hardware.bluetooth";
+    private static final String FEATURE_WIFI = "android.hardware.wifi";
+    private static final int TIMEOUT_MS = 10 * 1000;
+    private boolean mHasFeature;
+    private Context mContext;
+    private ContentResolver resolver;
+
+    public void setup() {
+        mContext= getContext();
+        resolver = mContext.getContentResolver();
+        mHasFeature = (mContext.getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_BLUETOOTH)
+                       || mContext.getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI));
+    }
+
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS permission can't be granted to instant apps")
+    public void testTheaterMode() {
+        setup();
+        if (!mHasFeature) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "The device doesn't support network bluetooth or wifi feature");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        for (int testCount = 0; testCount < 2; testCount++) {
+            if (!doOneTest()) {
+                fail("Theater mode failed to change in " + TIMEOUT_MS + "msec");
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean doOneTest() {
+        boolean theaterModeOn = isTheaterModeOn();
+
+        setTheaterModeOn(!theaterModeOn);
+        try {
+            Thread.sleep(TIMEOUT_MS);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Sleep time interrupted.", e);
+        }
+
+        if (theaterModeOn == isTheaterModeOn()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private void setTheaterModeOn(boolean enabling) {
+        // Change the system setting for theater mode
+        Settings.Global.putInt(resolver, Settings.Global.THEATER_MODE_ON, enabling ? 1 : 0);
+    }
+
+    private boolean isTheaterModeOn() {
+        // Read the system setting for theater mode
+        return Settings.Global.getInt(mContext.getContentResolver(),
+                                      Settings.Global.THEATER_MODE_ON, 0) != 0;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/TrafficStatsTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/TrafficStatsTest.java
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1d9268a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/TrafficStatsTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import android.net.NetworkStats;
+import android.net.TrafficStats;
+import android.os.Process;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
+import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.Range;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.net.ServerSocket;
+import java.net.Socket;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+public class TrafficStatsTest extends AndroidTestCase {
+    private static final String LOG_TAG = "TrafficStatsTest";
+
+    /** Verify the given value is in range [lower, upper] */
+    private void assertInRange(String tag, long value, long lower, long upper) {
+        final Range range = new Range(lower, upper);
+        assertTrue(tag + ": " + value + " is not within range [" + lower + ", " + upper + "]",
+                range.contains(value));
+    }
+
+    public void testValidMobileStats() {
+        // We can't assume a mobile network is even present in this test, so
+        // we simply assert that a valid value is returned.
+
+        assertTrue(TrafficStats.getMobileTxPackets() >= 0);
+        assertTrue(TrafficStats.getMobileRxPackets() >= 0);
+        assertTrue(TrafficStats.getMobileTxBytes() >= 0);
+        assertTrue(TrafficStats.getMobileRxBytes() >= 0);
+    }
+
+    public void testValidTotalStats() {
+        assertTrue(TrafficStats.getTotalTxPackets() >= 0);
+        assertTrue(TrafficStats.getTotalRxPackets() >= 0);
+        assertTrue(TrafficStats.getTotalTxBytes() >= 0);
+        assertTrue(TrafficStats.getTotalRxBytes() >= 0);
+    }
+
+    public void testValidIfaceStats() {
+        assertTrue(TrafficStats.getTxPackets("lo") >= 0);
+        assertTrue(TrafficStats.getRxPackets("lo") >= 0);
+        assertTrue(TrafficStats.getTxBytes("lo") >= 0);
+        assertTrue(TrafficStats.getRxBytes("lo") >= 0);
+    }
+
+    public void testThreadStatsTag() throws Exception {
+        TrafficStats.setThreadStatsTag(0xf00d);
+        assertTrue("Tag didn't stick", TrafficStats.getThreadStatsTag() == 0xf00d);
+
+        final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+
+        new Thread("TrafficStatsTest.testThreadStatsTag") {
+            @Override
+            public void run() {
+                assertTrue("Tag leaked", TrafficStats.getThreadStatsTag() != 0xf00d);
+                TrafficStats.setThreadStatsTag(0xcafe);
+                assertTrue("Tag didn't stick", TrafficStats.getThreadStatsTag() == 0xcafe);
+                latch.countDown();
+            }
+        }.start();
+
+        latch.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+        assertTrue("Tag lost", TrafficStats.getThreadStatsTag() == 0xf00d);
+
+        TrafficStats.clearThreadStatsTag();
+        assertTrue("Tag not cleared", TrafficStats.getThreadStatsTag() != 0xf00d);
+    }
+
+    long tcpPacketToIpBytes(long packetCount, long bytes) {
+        // ip header + tcp header + data.
+        // Tcp header is mostly 32. Syn has different tcp options -> 40. Don't care.
+        return packetCount * (20 + 32 + bytes);
+    }
+
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Socket cannot bind in instant app mode")
+    public void testTrafficStatsForLocalhost() throws IOException {
+        final long mobileTxPacketsBefore = TrafficStats.getMobileTxPackets();
+        final long mobileRxPacketsBefore = TrafficStats.getMobileRxPackets();
+        final long mobileTxBytesBefore = TrafficStats.getMobileTxBytes();
+        final long mobileRxBytesBefore = TrafficStats.getMobileRxBytes();
+        final long totalTxPacketsBefore = TrafficStats.getTotalTxPackets();
+        final long totalRxPacketsBefore = TrafficStats.getTotalRxPackets();
+        final long totalTxBytesBefore = TrafficStats.getTotalTxBytes();
+        final long totalRxBytesBefore = TrafficStats.getTotalRxBytes();
+        final long uidTxBytesBefore = TrafficStats.getUidTxBytes(Process.myUid());
+        final long uidRxBytesBefore = TrafficStats.getUidRxBytes(Process.myUid());
+        final long uidTxPacketsBefore = TrafficStats.getUidTxPackets(Process.myUid());
+        final long uidRxPacketsBefore = TrafficStats.getUidRxPackets(Process.myUid());
+        final long ifaceTxPacketsBefore = TrafficStats.getTxPackets("lo");
+        final long ifaceRxPacketsBefore = TrafficStats.getRxPackets("lo");
+        final long ifaceTxBytesBefore = TrafficStats.getTxBytes("lo");
+        final long ifaceRxBytesBefore = TrafficStats.getRxBytes("lo");
+
+        // Transfer 1MB of data across an explicitly localhost socket.
+        final int byteCount = 1024;
+        final int packetCount = 1024;
+
+        TrafficStats.startDataProfiling(null);
+        final ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(0);
+        new Thread("TrafficStatsTest.testTrafficStatsForLocalhost") {
+            @Override
+            public void run() {
+                try {
+                    final Socket socket = new Socket("localhost", server.getLocalPort());
+                    // Make sure that each write()+flush() turns into a packet:
+                    // disable Nagle.
+                    socket.setTcpNoDelay(true);
+                    final OutputStream out = socket.getOutputStream();
+                    final byte[] buf = new byte[byteCount];
+                    TrafficStats.setThreadStatsTag(0x42);
+                    TrafficStats.tagSocket(socket);
+                    for (int i = 0; i < packetCount; i++) {
+                        out.write(buf);
+                        out.flush();
+                        try {
+                            // Bug: 10668088, Even with Nagle disabled, and flushing the 1024 bytes
+                            // the kernel still regroups data into a larger packet.
+                            Thread.sleep(5);
+                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                        }
+                    }
+                    out.close();
+                    socket.close();
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    Log.i(LOG_TAG, "Badness during writes to socket: " + e);
+                }
+            }
+        }.start();
+
+        int read = 0;
+        try {
+            final Socket socket = server.accept();
+            socket.setTcpNoDelay(true);
+            TrafficStats.setThreadStatsTag(0x43);
+            TrafficStats.tagSocket(socket);
+            final InputStream in = socket.getInputStream();
+            final byte[] buf = new byte[byteCount];
+            while (read < byteCount * packetCount) {
+                int n = in.read(buf);
+                assertTrue("Unexpected EOF", n > 0);
+                read += n;
+            }
+        } finally {
+            server.close();
+        }
+        assertTrue("Not all data read back", read >= byteCount * packetCount);
+
+        // It's too fast to call getUidTxBytes function.
+        try {
+            Thread.sleep(1000);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+        }
+        final NetworkStats testStats = TrafficStats.stopDataProfiling(null);
+
+        final long mobileTxPacketsAfter = TrafficStats.getMobileTxPackets();
+        final long mobileRxPacketsAfter = TrafficStats.getMobileRxPackets();
+        final long mobileTxBytesAfter = TrafficStats.getMobileTxBytes();
+        final long mobileRxBytesAfter = TrafficStats.getMobileRxBytes();
+        final long totalTxPacketsAfter = TrafficStats.getTotalTxPackets();
+        final long totalRxPacketsAfter = TrafficStats.getTotalRxPackets();
+        final long totalTxBytesAfter = TrafficStats.getTotalTxBytes();
+        final long totalRxBytesAfter = TrafficStats.getTotalRxBytes();
+        final long uidTxBytesAfter = TrafficStats.getUidTxBytes(Process.myUid());
+        final long uidRxBytesAfter = TrafficStats.getUidRxBytes(Process.myUid());
+        final long uidTxPacketsAfter = TrafficStats.getUidTxPackets(Process.myUid());
+        final long uidRxPacketsAfter = TrafficStats.getUidRxPackets(Process.myUid());
+        final long uidTxDeltaBytes = uidTxBytesAfter - uidTxBytesBefore;
+        final long uidTxDeltaPackets = uidTxPacketsAfter - uidTxPacketsBefore;
+        final long uidRxDeltaBytes = uidRxBytesAfter - uidRxBytesBefore;
+        final long uidRxDeltaPackets = uidRxPacketsAfter - uidRxPacketsBefore;
+        final long ifaceTxPacketsAfter = TrafficStats.getTxPackets("lo");
+        final long ifaceRxPacketsAfter = TrafficStats.getRxPackets("lo");
+        final long ifaceTxBytesAfter = TrafficStats.getTxBytes("lo");
+        final long ifaceRxBytesAfter = TrafficStats.getRxBytes("lo");
+        final long ifaceTxDeltaPackets = ifaceTxPacketsAfter - ifaceTxPacketsBefore;
+        final long ifaceRxDeltaPackets = ifaceRxPacketsAfter - ifaceRxPacketsBefore;
+        final long ifaceTxDeltaBytes = ifaceTxBytesAfter - ifaceTxBytesBefore;
+        final long ifaceRxDeltaBytes = ifaceRxBytesAfter - ifaceRxBytesBefore;
+
+        // Localhost traffic *does* count against per-UID stats.
+        /*
+         * Calculations:
+         *  - bytes
+         *   bytes is approx: packets * data + packets * acks;
+         *   but sometimes there are less acks than packets, so we set a lower
+         *   limit of 1 ack.
+         *  - setup/teardown
+         *   + 7 approx.: syn, syn-ack, ack, fin-ack, ack, fin-ack, ack;
+         *   but sometimes the last find-acks just vanish, so we set a lower limit of +5.
+         */
+        final int maxExpectedExtraPackets = 7;
+        final int minExpectedExtraPackets = 5;
+
+        // Some other tests don't cleanup connections correctly.
+        // They have the same UID, so we discount their lingering traffic
+        // which happens only on non-localhost, such as TCP FIN retranmission packets
+        final long deltaTxOtherPackets = (totalTxPacketsAfter - totalTxPacketsBefore)
+                - uidTxDeltaPackets;
+        final long deltaRxOtherPackets = (totalRxPacketsAfter - totalRxPacketsBefore)
+                - uidRxDeltaPackets;
+        if (deltaTxOtherPackets > 0 || deltaRxOtherPackets > 0) {
+            Log.i(LOG_TAG, "lingering traffic data: " + deltaTxOtherPackets + "/"
+                    + deltaRxOtherPackets);
+        }
+
+        // Check that the per-uid stats obtained from data profiling contain the expected values.
+        // The data profiling snapshot is generated from the readNetworkStatsDetail() method in
+        // networkStatsService, so it's possible to verify that the detailed stats for a given
+        // uid are correct.
+        final NetworkStats.Entry entry = testStats.getTotal(null, Process.myUid());
+        final long pktBytes = tcpPacketToIpBytes(packetCount, byteCount);
+        final long pktWithNoDataBytes = tcpPacketToIpBytes(packetCount, 0);
+        final long minExpExtraPktBytes = tcpPacketToIpBytes(minExpectedExtraPackets, 0);
+        final long maxExpExtraPktBytes = tcpPacketToIpBytes(maxExpectedExtraPackets, 0);
+        final long deltaTxOtherPktBytes = tcpPacketToIpBytes(deltaTxOtherPackets, 0);
+        final long deltaRxOtherPktBytes  = tcpPacketToIpBytes(deltaRxOtherPackets, 0);
+        assertInRange("txPackets detail", entry.txPackets, packetCount + minExpectedExtraPackets,
+                uidTxDeltaPackets);
+        assertInRange("rxPackets detail", entry.rxPackets, packetCount + minExpectedExtraPackets,
+                uidRxDeltaPackets);
+        assertInRange("txBytes detail", entry.txBytes, pktBytes + minExpExtraPktBytes,
+                uidTxDeltaBytes);
+        assertInRange("rxBytes detail", entry.rxBytes, pktBytes + minExpExtraPktBytes,
+                uidRxDeltaBytes);
+        assertInRange("uidtxp", uidTxDeltaPackets, packetCount + minExpectedExtraPackets,
+                packetCount + packetCount + maxExpectedExtraPackets + deltaTxOtherPackets);
+        assertInRange("uidrxp", uidRxDeltaPackets, packetCount + minExpectedExtraPackets,
+                packetCount + packetCount + maxExpectedExtraPackets + deltaRxOtherPackets);
+        assertInRange("uidtxb", uidTxDeltaBytes, pktBytes + minExpExtraPktBytes,
+                pktBytes + pktWithNoDataBytes + maxExpExtraPktBytes + deltaTxOtherPktBytes);
+        assertInRange("uidrxb", uidRxDeltaBytes, pktBytes + minExpExtraPktBytes,
+                pktBytes + pktWithNoDataBytes + maxExpExtraPktBytes + deltaRxOtherPktBytes);
+        assertInRange("iftxp", ifaceTxDeltaPackets, packetCount + minExpectedExtraPackets,
+                packetCount + packetCount + maxExpectedExtraPackets);
+        assertInRange("ifrxp", ifaceRxDeltaPackets, packetCount + minExpectedExtraPackets,
+                packetCount + packetCount + maxExpectedExtraPackets);
+        assertInRange("iftxb", ifaceTxDeltaBytes, pktBytes + minExpExtraPktBytes,
+                pktBytes + pktWithNoDataBytes + maxExpExtraPktBytes);
+        assertInRange("ifrxb", ifaceRxDeltaBytes, pktBytes + minExpExtraPktBytes,
+                pktBytes + pktWithNoDataBytes + maxExpExtraPktBytes);
+
+        // Localhost traffic *does* count against total stats.
+        // Check the total stats increased after test data transfer over localhost has been made.
+        assertTrue("ttxp: " + totalTxPacketsBefore + " -> " + totalTxPacketsAfter,
+                totalTxPacketsAfter >= totalTxPacketsBefore + uidTxDeltaPackets);
+        assertTrue("trxp: " + totalRxPacketsBefore + " -> " + totalRxPacketsAfter,
+                totalRxPacketsAfter >= totalRxPacketsBefore + uidRxDeltaPackets);
+        assertTrue("ttxb: " + totalTxBytesBefore + " -> " + totalTxBytesAfter,
+                totalTxBytesAfter >= totalTxBytesBefore + uidTxDeltaBytes);
+        assertTrue("trxb: " + totalRxBytesBefore + " -> " + totalRxBytesAfter,
+                totalRxBytesAfter >= totalRxBytesBefore + uidRxDeltaBytes);
+        assertTrue("iftxp: " + ifaceTxPacketsBefore + " -> " + ifaceTxPacketsAfter,
+                totalTxPacketsAfter >= totalTxPacketsBefore + ifaceTxDeltaPackets);
+        assertTrue("ifrxp: " + ifaceRxPacketsBefore + " -> " + ifaceRxPacketsAfter,
+                totalRxPacketsAfter >= totalRxPacketsBefore + ifaceRxDeltaPackets);
+        assertTrue("iftxb: " + ifaceTxBytesBefore + " -> " + ifaceTxBytesAfter,
+            totalTxBytesAfter >= totalTxBytesBefore + ifaceTxDeltaBytes);
+        assertTrue("ifrxb: " + ifaceRxBytesBefore + " -> " + ifaceRxBytesAfter,
+            totalRxBytesAfter >= totalRxBytesBefore + ifaceRxDeltaBytes);
+
+        // Localhost traffic should *not* count against mobile stats,
+        // There might be some other traffic, but nowhere near 1MB.
+        assertInRange("mtxp", mobileTxPacketsAfter, mobileTxPacketsBefore,
+                mobileTxPacketsBefore + 500);
+        assertInRange("mrxp", mobileRxPacketsAfter, mobileRxPacketsBefore,
+                mobileRxPacketsBefore + 500);
+        assertInRange("mtxb", mobileTxBytesAfter, mobileTxBytesBefore,
+                mobileTxBytesBefore + 200000);
+        assertInRange("mrxb", mobileRxBytesAfter, mobileRxBytesBefore,
+                mobileRxBytesBefore + 200000);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/TunUtils.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/TunUtils.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8e39b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/TunUtils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.IP4_HDRLEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.IP6_HDRLEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.IPPROTO_ESP;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.UDP_HDRLEN;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
+
+public class TunUtils {
+    private static final String TAG = TunUtils.class.getSimpleName();
+
+    protected static final int IP4_ADDR_OFFSET = 12;
+    protected static final int IP4_ADDR_LEN = 4;
+    protected static final int IP6_ADDR_OFFSET = 8;
+    protected static final int IP6_ADDR_LEN = 16;
+    protected static final int IP4_PROTO_OFFSET = 9;
+    protected static final int IP6_PROTO_OFFSET = 6;
+
+    private static final int DATA_BUFFER_LEN = 4096;
+    private static final int TIMEOUT = 2000;
+
+    private final List<byte[]> mPackets = new ArrayList<>();
+    private final ParcelFileDescriptor mTunFd;
+    private final Thread mReaderThread;
+
+    public TunUtils(ParcelFileDescriptor tunFd) {
+        mTunFd = tunFd;
+
+        // Start background reader thread
+        mReaderThread =
+                new Thread(
+                        () -> {
+                            try {
+                                // Loop will exit and thread will quit when tunFd is closed.
+                                // Receiving either EOF or an exception will exit this reader loop.
+                                // FileInputStream in uninterruptable, so there's no good way to
+                                // ensure that this thread shuts down except upon FD closure.
+                                while (true) {
+                                    byte[] intercepted = receiveFromTun();
+                                    if (intercepted == null) {
+                                        // Exit once we've hit EOF
+                                        return;
+                                    } else if (intercepted.length > 0) {
+                                        // Only save packet if we've received any bytes.
+                                        synchronized (mPackets) {
+                                            mPackets.add(intercepted);
+                                            mPackets.notifyAll();
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            } catch (IOException ignored) {
+                                // Simply exit this reader thread
+                                return;
+                            }
+                        });
+        mReaderThread.start();
+    }
+
+    private byte[] receiveFromTun() throws IOException {
+        FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(mTunFd.getFileDescriptor());
+        byte[] inBytes = new byte[DATA_BUFFER_LEN];
+        int bytesRead = in.read(inBytes);
+
+        if (bytesRead < 0) {
+            return null; // return null for EOF
+        } else if (bytesRead >= DATA_BUFFER_LEN) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Too big packet. Fragmentation unsupported");
+        }
+        return Arrays.copyOf(inBytes, bytesRead);
+    }
+
+    private byte[] getFirstMatchingPacket(Predicate<byte[]> verifier, int startIndex) {
+        synchronized (mPackets) {
+            for (int i = startIndex; i < mPackets.size(); i++) {
+                byte[] pkt = mPackets.get(i);
+                if (verifier.test(pkt)) {
+                    return pkt;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    protected byte[] awaitPacket(Predicate<byte[]> verifier) throws Exception {
+        long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + TIMEOUT;
+        int startIndex = 0;
+
+        synchronized (mPackets) {
+            while (System.currentTimeMillis() < endTime) {
+                final byte[] pkt = getFirstMatchingPacket(verifier, startIndex);
+                if (pkt != null) {
+                    return pkt; // We've found the packet we're looking for.
+                }
+
+                startIndex = mPackets.size();
+
+                // Try to prevent waiting too long. If waitTimeout <= 0, we've already hit timeout
+                long waitTimeout = endTime - System.currentTimeMillis();
+                if (waitTimeout > 0) {
+                    mPackets.wait(waitTimeout);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        fail("No packet found matching verifier");
+        throw new IllegalStateException("Impossible condition; should have thrown in fail()");
+    }
+
+    public byte[] awaitEspPacketNoPlaintext(
+            int spi, byte[] plaintext, boolean useEncap, int expectedPacketSize) throws Exception {
+        final byte[] espPkt = awaitPacket(
+                (pkt) -> isEspFailIfSpecifiedPlaintextFound(pkt, spi, useEncap, plaintext));
+
+        // Validate packet size
+        assertEquals(expectedPacketSize, espPkt.length);
+
+        return espPkt; // We've found the packet we're looking for.
+    }
+
+    public byte[] awaitEspPacket(int spi, boolean useEncap) throws Exception {
+        return awaitPacket((pkt) -> isEsp(pkt, spi, useEncap));
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isSpiEqual(byte[] pkt, int espOffset, int spi) {
+        // Check SPI byte by byte.
+        return pkt[espOffset] == (byte) ((spi >>> 24) & 0xff)
+                && pkt[espOffset + 1] == (byte) ((spi >>> 16) & 0xff)
+                && pkt[espOffset + 2] == (byte) ((spi >>> 8) & 0xff)
+                && pkt[espOffset + 3] == (byte) (spi & 0xff);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Variant of isEsp that also fails the test if the provided plaintext is found
+     *
+     * @param pkt the packet bytes to verify
+     * @param spi the expected SPI to look for
+     * @param encap whether encap was enabled, and the packet has a UDP header
+     * @param plaintext the plaintext packet before outbound encryption, which MUST not appear in
+     *     the provided packet.
+     */
+    private static boolean isEspFailIfSpecifiedPlaintextFound(
+            byte[] pkt, int spi, boolean encap, byte[] plaintext) {
+        if (Collections.indexOfSubList(Arrays.asList(pkt), Arrays.asList(plaintext)) != -1) {
+            fail("Banned plaintext packet found");
+        }
+
+        return isEsp(pkt, spi, encap);
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isEsp(byte[] pkt, int spi, boolean encap) {
+        if (isIpv6(pkt)) {
+            // IPv6 UDP encap not supported by kernels; assume non-encap.
+            return pkt[IP6_PROTO_OFFSET] == IPPROTO_ESP && isSpiEqual(pkt, IP6_HDRLEN, spi);
+        } else {
+            // Use default IPv4 header length (assuming no options)
+            if (encap) {
+                return pkt[IP4_PROTO_OFFSET] == IPPROTO_UDP
+                        && isSpiEqual(pkt, IP4_HDRLEN + UDP_HDRLEN, spi);
+            } else {
+                return pkt[IP4_PROTO_OFFSET] == IPPROTO_ESP && isSpiEqual(pkt, IP4_HDRLEN, spi);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isIpv6(byte[] pkt) {
+        // First nibble shows IP version. 0x60 for IPv6
+        return (pkt[0] & (byte) 0xF0) == (byte) 0x60;
+    }
+
+    private static byte[] getReflectedPacket(byte[] pkt) {
+        byte[] reflected = Arrays.copyOf(pkt, pkt.length);
+
+        if (isIpv6(pkt)) {
+            // Set reflected packet's dst to that of the original's src
+            System.arraycopy(
+                    pkt, // src
+                    IP6_ADDR_OFFSET + IP6_ADDR_LEN, // src offset
+                    reflected, // dst
+                    IP6_ADDR_OFFSET, // dst offset
+                    IP6_ADDR_LEN); // len
+            // Set reflected packet's src IP to that of the original's dst IP
+            System.arraycopy(
+                    pkt, // src
+                    IP6_ADDR_OFFSET, // src offset
+                    reflected, // dst
+                    IP6_ADDR_OFFSET + IP6_ADDR_LEN, // dst offset
+                    IP6_ADDR_LEN); // len
+        } else {
+            // Set reflected packet's dst to that of the original's src
+            System.arraycopy(
+                    pkt, // src
+                    IP4_ADDR_OFFSET + IP4_ADDR_LEN, // src offset
+                    reflected, // dst
+                    IP4_ADDR_OFFSET, // dst offset
+                    IP4_ADDR_LEN); // len
+            // Set reflected packet's src IP to that of the original's dst IP
+            System.arraycopy(
+                    pkt, // src
+                    IP4_ADDR_OFFSET, // src offset
+                    reflected, // dst
+                    IP4_ADDR_OFFSET + IP4_ADDR_LEN, // dst offset
+                    IP4_ADDR_LEN); // len
+        }
+        return reflected;
+    }
+
+    /** Takes all captured packets, flips the src/dst, and re-injects them. */
+    public void reflectPackets() throws IOException {
+        synchronized (mPackets) {
+            for (byte[] pkt : mPackets) {
+                injectPacket(getReflectedPacket(pkt));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void injectPacket(byte[] pkt) throws IOException {
+        FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(mTunFd.getFileDescriptor());
+        out.write(pkt);
+        out.flush();
+    }
+
+    /** Resets the intercepted packets. */
+    public void reset() throws IOException {
+        synchronized (mPackets) {
+            mPackets.clear();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/UriTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/UriTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..40b8fb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/UriTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,590 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import android.content.ContentUris;
+import android.net.Uri;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+
+public class UriTest extends AndroidTestCase {
+    public void testParcelling() {
+        parcelAndUnparcel(Uri.parse("foo:bob%20lee"));
+        parcelAndUnparcel(Uri.fromParts("foo", "bob lee", "fragment"));
+        parcelAndUnparcel(new Uri.Builder()
+             .scheme("http")
+            .authority("crazybob.org")
+            .path("/rss/")
+            .encodedQuery("a=b")
+            .fragment("foo")
+            .build());
+     }
+
+    private void parcelAndUnparcel(Uri u) {
+        Parcel p = Parcel.obtain();
+        Uri.writeToParcel(p, u);
+        p.setDataPosition(0);
+        assertEquals(u, Uri.CREATOR.createFromParcel(p));
+
+        p.setDataPosition(0);
+        u = u.buildUpon().build();
+        Uri.writeToParcel(p, u);
+        p.setDataPosition(0);
+        assertEquals(u, Uri.CREATOR.createFromParcel(p));
+    }
+
+    public void testBuildUpon() {
+        Uri u = Uri.parse("bob:lee").buildUpon().scheme("robert").build();
+        assertEquals("robert", u.getScheme());
+        assertEquals("lee", u.getEncodedSchemeSpecificPart());
+        assertEquals("lee", u.getSchemeSpecificPart());
+        assertNull(u.getQuery());
+        assertNull(u.getPath());
+        assertNull(u.getAuthority());
+        assertNull(u.getHost());
+
+        Uri a = Uri.fromParts("foo", "bar", "tee");
+        Uri b = a.buildUpon().fragment("new").build();
+        assertEquals("new", b.getFragment());
+        assertEquals("bar", b.getSchemeSpecificPart());
+        assertEquals("foo", b.getScheme());
+        a = new Uri.Builder()
+                .scheme("foo")
+                .encodedOpaquePart("bar")
+                .fragment("tee")
+                .build();
+        b = a.buildUpon().fragment("new").build();
+        assertEquals("new", b.getFragment());
+        assertEquals("bar", b.getSchemeSpecificPart());
+        assertEquals("foo", b.getScheme());
+
+        a = Uri.fromParts("scheme", "[2001:db8::dead:e1f]/foo", "bar");
+        b = a.buildUpon().fragment("qux").build();
+        assertEquals("qux", b.getFragment());
+        assertEquals("[2001:db8::dead:e1f]/foo", b.getSchemeSpecificPart());
+        assertEquals("scheme", b.getScheme());
+    }
+
+    public void testStringUri() {
+        assertEquals("bob lee",
+                Uri.parse("foo:bob%20lee").getSchemeSpecificPart());
+        assertEquals("bob%20lee",
+                Uri.parse("foo:bob%20lee").getEncodedSchemeSpecificPart());
+
+        assertEquals("/bob%20lee",
+                Uri.parse("foo:/bob%20lee").getEncodedPath());
+        assertNull(Uri.parse("foo:bob%20lee").getPath());
+
+        assertEquals("bob%20lee",
+                Uri.parse("foo:?bob%20lee").getEncodedQuery());
+        assertNull(Uri.parse("foo:bob%20lee").getEncodedQuery());
+        assertNull(Uri.parse("foo:bar#?bob%20lee").getQuery());
+
+        assertEquals("bob%20lee",
+                Uri.parse("foo:#bob%20lee").getEncodedFragment());
+
+        Uri uri = Uri.parse("http://localhost:42");
+        assertEquals("localhost", uri.getHost());
+        assertEquals(42, uri.getPort());
+
+        uri = Uri.parse("http://bob@localhost:42");
+        assertEquals("bob", uri.getUserInfo());
+        assertEquals("localhost", uri.getHost());
+        assertEquals(42, uri.getPort());
+
+        uri = Uri.parse("http://bob%20lee@localhost:42");
+        assertEquals("bob lee", uri.getUserInfo());
+        assertEquals("bob%20lee", uri.getEncodedUserInfo());
+
+        uri = Uri.parse("http://localhost");
+        assertEquals("localhost", uri.getHost());
+        assertEquals(-1, uri.getPort());
+
+        uri = Uri.parse("http://a:a@example.com:a@example2.com/path");
+        assertEquals("a:a@example.com:a@example2.com", uri.getAuthority());
+        assertEquals("example2.com", uri.getHost());
+        assertEquals(-1, uri.getPort());
+        assertEquals("/path", uri.getPath());
+
+        uri = Uri.parse("http://a.foo.com\\.example.com/path");
+        assertEquals("a.foo.com", uri.getHost());
+        assertEquals(-1, uri.getPort());
+        assertEquals("\\.example.com/path", uri.getPath());
+
+        uri = Uri.parse("https://[2001:db8::dead:e1f]/foo");
+        assertEquals("[2001:db8::dead:e1f]", uri.getAuthority());
+        assertNull(uri.getUserInfo());
+        assertEquals("[2001:db8::dead:e1f]", uri.getHost());
+        assertEquals(-1, uri.getPort());
+        assertEquals("/foo", uri.getPath());
+        assertEquals(null, uri.getFragment());
+        assertEquals("//[2001:db8::dead:e1f]/foo", uri.getSchemeSpecificPart());
+
+        uri = Uri.parse("https://[2001:db8::dead:e1f]/#foo");
+        assertEquals("[2001:db8::dead:e1f]", uri.getAuthority());
+        assertNull(uri.getUserInfo());
+        assertEquals("[2001:db8::dead:e1f]", uri.getHost());
+        assertEquals(-1, uri.getPort());
+        assertEquals("/", uri.getPath());
+        assertEquals("foo", uri.getFragment());
+        assertEquals("//[2001:db8::dead:e1f]/", uri.getSchemeSpecificPart());
+
+        uri = Uri.parse(
+                "https://some:user@[2001:db8::dead:e1f]:1234/foo?corge=thud&corge=garp#bar");
+        assertEquals("some:user@[2001:db8::dead:e1f]:1234", uri.getAuthority());
+        assertEquals("some:user", uri.getUserInfo());
+        assertEquals("[2001:db8::dead:e1f]", uri.getHost());
+        assertEquals(1234, uri.getPort());
+        assertEquals("/foo", uri.getPath());
+        assertEquals("bar", uri.getFragment());
+        assertEquals("//some:user@[2001:db8::dead:e1f]:1234/foo?corge=thud&corge=garp",
+                uri.getSchemeSpecificPart());
+        assertEquals("corge=thud&corge=garp", uri.getQuery());
+        assertEquals("thud", uri.getQueryParameter("corge"));
+        assertEquals(Arrays.asList("thud", "garp"), uri.getQueryParameters("corge"));
+    }
+
+    public void testCompareTo() {
+        Uri a = Uri.parse("foo:a");
+        Uri b = Uri.parse("foo:b");
+        Uri b2 = Uri.parse("foo:b");
+
+        assertTrue(a.compareTo(b) < 0);
+        assertTrue(b.compareTo(a) > 0);
+        assertEquals(0, b.compareTo(b2));
+    }
+
+    public void testEqualsAndHashCode() {
+        Uri a = Uri.parse("http://crazybob.org/test/?foo=bar#tee");
+
+        Uri b = new Uri.Builder()
+                .scheme("http")
+                .authority("crazybob.org")
+                .path("/test/")
+                .encodedQuery("foo=bar")
+                .fragment("tee")
+                .build();
+
+        // Try alternate builder methods.
+        Uri c = new Uri.Builder()
+                .scheme("http")
+                .encodedAuthority("crazybob.org")
+                .encodedPath("/test/")
+                .encodedQuery("foo=bar")
+                .encodedFragment("tee")
+                .build();
+
+        assertFalse(Uri.EMPTY.equals(null));
+        assertEquals(a, b);
+        assertEquals(b, c);
+        assertEquals(c, a);
+        assertEquals(a.hashCode(), b.hashCode());
+        assertEquals(b.hashCode(), c.hashCode());
+    }
+
+    public void testEncodeAndDecode() {
+        String encoded = Uri.encode("Bob:/", "/");
+        assertEquals(-1, encoded.indexOf(':'));
+        assertTrue(encoded.indexOf('/') > -1);
+        assertEncodeDecodeRoundtripExact(null);
+        assertEncodeDecodeRoundtripExact("");
+        assertEncodeDecodeRoundtripExact("Bob");
+        assertEncodeDecodeRoundtripExact(":Bob");
+        assertEncodeDecodeRoundtripExact("::Bob");
+        assertEncodeDecodeRoundtripExact("Bob::Lee");
+        assertEncodeDecodeRoundtripExact("Bob:Lee");
+        assertEncodeDecodeRoundtripExact("Bob::");
+        assertEncodeDecodeRoundtripExact("Bob:");
+        assertEncodeDecodeRoundtripExact("::Bob::");
+        assertEncodeDecodeRoundtripExact("https:/some:user@[2001:db8::dead:e1f]:1234/foo#bar");
+    }
+
+    private static void assertEncodeDecodeRoundtripExact(String s) {
+        assertEquals(s, Uri.decode(Uri.encode(s, null)));
+    }
+
+    public void testDecode_emptyString_returnsEmptyString() {
+        assertEquals("", Uri.decode(""));
+    }
+
+    public void testDecode_null_returnsNull() {
+        assertNull(Uri.decode(null));
+    }
+
+    public void testDecode_wrongHexDigit() {
+        // %p in the end.
+        assertEquals("ab/$\u0102%\u0840\uFFFD\u0000", Uri.decode("ab%2f$%C4%82%25%e0%a1%80%p"));
+    }
+
+    public void testDecode_secondHexDigitWrong() {
+        // %1p in the end.
+        assertEquals("ab/$\u0102%\u0840\uFFFD\u0001", Uri.decode("ab%2f$%c4%82%25%e0%a1%80%1p"));
+    }
+
+    public void testDecode_endsWithPercent_appendsUnknownCharacter() {
+        // % in the end.
+        assertEquals("ab/$\u0102%\u0840\uFFFD", Uri.decode("ab%2f$%c4%82%25%e0%a1%80%"));
+    }
+
+    public void testDecode_plusNotConverted() {
+        assertEquals("ab/$\u0102%+\u0840", Uri.decode("ab%2f$%c4%82%25+%e0%a1%80"));
+    }
+
+    // Last character needs decoding (make sure we are flushing the buffer with chars to decode).
+    public void testDecode_lastCharacter() {
+        assertEquals("ab/$\u0102%\u0840", Uri.decode("ab%2f$%c4%82%25%e0%a1%80"));
+    }
+
+    // Check that a second row of encoded characters is decoded properly (internal buffers are
+    // reset properly).
+    public void testDecode_secondRowOfEncoded() {
+        assertEquals("ab/$\u0102%\u0840aa\u0840",
+                Uri.decode("ab%2f$%c4%82%25%e0%a1%80aa%e0%a1%80"));
+    }
+
+    public void testFromFile() {
+        File f = new File("/tmp/bob");
+        Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(f);
+        assertEquals("file:///tmp/bob", uri.toString());
+        try {
+            Uri.fromFile(null);
+            fail("testFile fail");
+            } catch (NullPointerException e) {}
+    }
+
+    public void testQueryParameters() {
+        Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://user");
+        assertEquals(null, uri.getQueryParameter("a"));
+
+        uri = uri.buildUpon().appendQueryParameter("a", "b").build();
+        assertEquals("b", uri.getQueryParameter("a"));
+
+        uri = uri.buildUpon().appendQueryParameter("a", "b2").build();
+        assertEquals(Arrays.asList("b", "b2"), uri.getQueryParameters("a"));
+
+        uri = uri.buildUpon().appendQueryParameter("c", "d").build();
+        assertEquals(Arrays.asList("b", "b2"), uri.getQueryParameters("a"));
+        assertEquals("d", uri.getQueryParameter("c"));
+    }
+
+    public void testPathOperations() {
+        Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://user/a/b");
+
+        assertEquals(2, uri.getPathSegments().size());
+        assertEquals("a", uri.getPathSegments().get(0));
+        assertEquals("b", uri.getPathSegments().get(1));
+        assertEquals("b", uri.getLastPathSegment());
+
+        Uri first = uri;
+        uri = uri.buildUpon().appendPath("c").build();
+        assertEquals(3, uri.getPathSegments().size());
+        assertEquals("c", uri.getPathSegments().get(2));
+        assertEquals("c", uri.getLastPathSegment());
+        assertEquals("content://user/a/b/c", uri.toString());
+
+        uri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, 100);
+        assertEquals(4, uri.getPathSegments().size());
+        assertEquals("100", uri.getPathSegments().get(3));
+        assertEquals("100", uri.getLastPathSegment());
+        assertEquals(100, ContentUris.parseId(uri));
+        assertEquals("content://user/a/b/c/100", uri.toString());
+
+        // Make sure the original URI is still intact.
+        assertEquals(2, first.getPathSegments().size());
+        assertEquals("b", first.getLastPathSegment());
+
+        try {
+        first.getPathSegments().get(2);
+        fail("test path operations");
+        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {}
+
+        assertEquals(null, Uri.EMPTY.getLastPathSegment());
+
+        Uri withC = Uri.parse("foo:/a/b/").buildUpon().appendPath("c").build();
+        assertEquals("/a/b/c", withC.getPath());
+    }
+
+    public void testOpaqueUri() {
+        Uri uri = Uri.parse("mailto:nobody");
+        testOpaqueUri(uri);
+
+        uri = uri.buildUpon().build();
+        testOpaqueUri(uri);
+
+        uri = Uri.fromParts("mailto", "nobody", null);
+        testOpaqueUri(uri);
+
+        uri = uri.buildUpon().build();
+        testOpaqueUri(uri);
+
+        uri = new Uri.Builder()
+                .scheme("mailto")
+                .opaquePart("nobody")
+                .build();
+        testOpaqueUri(uri);
+
+        uri = uri.buildUpon().build();
+        testOpaqueUri(uri);
+    }
+
+    private void testOpaqueUri(Uri uri) {
+        assertEquals("mailto", uri.getScheme());
+        assertEquals("nobody", uri.getSchemeSpecificPart());
+        assertEquals("nobody", uri.getEncodedSchemeSpecificPart());
+
+        assertNull(uri.getFragment());
+        assertTrue(uri.isAbsolute());
+        assertTrue(uri.isOpaque());
+        assertFalse(uri.isRelative());
+        assertFalse(uri.isHierarchical());
+
+        assertNull(uri.getAuthority());
+        assertNull(uri.getEncodedAuthority());
+        assertNull(uri.getPath());
+        assertNull(uri.getEncodedPath());
+        assertNull(uri.getUserInfo());
+        assertNull(uri.getEncodedUserInfo());
+        assertNull(uri.getQuery());
+        assertNull(uri.getEncodedQuery());
+        assertNull(uri.getHost());
+        assertEquals(-1, uri.getPort());
+
+        assertTrue(uri.getPathSegments().isEmpty());
+        assertNull(uri.getLastPathSegment());
+
+        assertEquals("mailto:nobody", uri.toString());
+
+        Uri withFragment = uri.buildUpon().fragment("top").build();
+        assertEquals("mailto:nobody#top", withFragment.toString());
+    }
+
+    public void testHierarchicalUris() {
+        testHierarchical("http", "google.com", "/p1/p2", "query", "fragment");
+        testHierarchical("file", null, "/p1/p2", null, null);
+        testHierarchical("content", "contact", "/p1/p2", null, null);
+        testHierarchical("http", "google.com", "/p1/p2", null, "fragment");
+        testHierarchical("http", "google.com", "", null, "fragment");
+        testHierarchical("http", "google.com", "", "query", "fragment");
+        testHierarchical("http", "google.com", "", "query", null);
+        testHierarchical("http", null, "/", "query", null);
+    }
+
+    private static void testHierarchical(String scheme, String authority,
+        String path, String query, String fragment) {
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+
+        if (authority != null) {
+            sb.append("//").append(authority);
+        }
+        if (path != null) {
+            sb.append(path);
+        }
+        if (query != null) {
+            sb.append('?').append(query);
+        }
+
+        String ssp = sb.toString();
+
+        if (scheme != null) {
+            sb.insert(0, scheme + ":");
+        }
+        if (fragment != null) {
+            sb.append('#').append(fragment);
+        }
+
+        String uriString = sb.toString();
+
+        Uri uri = Uri.parse(uriString);
+
+        // Run these twice to test caching.
+        compareHierarchical(
+        uriString, ssp, uri, scheme, authority, path, query, fragment);
+        compareHierarchical(
+        uriString, ssp, uri, scheme, authority, path, query, fragment);
+
+        // Test rebuilt version.
+        uri = uri.buildUpon().build();
+
+        // Run these twice to test caching.
+        compareHierarchical(
+                uriString, ssp, uri, scheme, authority, path, query, fragment);
+        compareHierarchical(
+                uriString, ssp, uri, scheme, authority, path, query, fragment);
+
+        // The decoded and encoded versions of the inputs are all the same.
+        // We'll test the actual encoding decoding separately.
+
+        // Test building with encoded versions.
+        Uri built = new Uri.Builder()
+            .scheme(scheme)
+                .encodedAuthority(authority)
+                .encodedPath(path)
+                .encodedQuery(query)
+                .encodedFragment(fragment)
+                .build();
+
+        compareHierarchical(
+                uriString, ssp, built, scheme, authority, path, query, fragment);
+        compareHierarchical(
+                uriString, ssp, built, scheme, authority, path, query, fragment);
+
+        // Test building with decoded versions.
+        built = new Uri.Builder()
+                .scheme(scheme)
+                .authority(authority)
+                .path(path)
+                .query(query)
+                .fragment(fragment)
+                .build();
+
+        compareHierarchical(
+                uriString, ssp, built, scheme, authority, path, query, fragment);
+        compareHierarchical(
+                uriString, ssp, built, scheme, authority, path, query, fragment);
+
+        // Rebuild.
+        built = built.buildUpon().build();
+
+        compareHierarchical(
+                uriString, ssp, built, scheme, authority, path, query, fragment);
+        compareHierarchical(
+                uriString, ssp, built, scheme, authority, path, query, fragment);
+    }
+
+    private static void compareHierarchical(String uriString, String ssp,
+        Uri uri,
+        String scheme, String authority, String path, String query,
+        String fragment) {
+        assertEquals(scheme, uri.getScheme());
+        assertEquals(authority, uri.getAuthority());
+        assertEquals(authority, uri.getEncodedAuthority());
+        assertEquals(path, uri.getPath());
+        assertEquals(path, uri.getEncodedPath());
+        assertEquals(query, uri.getQuery());
+        assertEquals(query, uri.getEncodedQuery());
+        assertEquals(fragment, uri.getFragment());
+        assertEquals(fragment, uri.getEncodedFragment());
+        assertEquals(ssp, uri.getSchemeSpecificPart());
+
+        if (scheme != null) {
+            assertTrue(uri.isAbsolute());
+            assertFalse(uri.isRelative());
+        } else {
+            assertFalse(uri.isAbsolute());
+            assertTrue(uri.isRelative());
+        }
+
+        assertFalse(uri.isOpaque());
+        assertTrue(uri.isHierarchical());
+        assertEquals(uriString, uri.toString());
+    }
+
+    public void testNormalizeScheme() {
+        assertEquals(Uri.parse(""), Uri.parse("").normalizeScheme());
+        assertEquals(Uri.parse("http://www.android.com"),
+                Uri.parse("http://www.android.com").normalizeScheme());
+        assertEquals(Uri.parse("http://USER@WWW.ANDROID.COM:100/ABOUT?foo=blah@bar=bleh#c"),
+                Uri.parse("HTTP://USER@WWW.ANDROID.COM:100/ABOUT?foo=blah@bar=bleh#c")
+                        .normalizeScheme());
+    }
+
+    public void testToSafeString_tel() {
+        checkToSafeString("tel:xxxxxx", "tel:Google");
+        checkToSafeString("tel:xxxxxxxxxx", "tel:1234567890");
+        checkToSafeString("tEl:xxx.xxx-xxxx", "tEl:123.456-7890");
+    }
+
+    public void testToSafeString_sip() {
+        checkToSafeString("sip:xxxxxxx@xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx", "sip:android@android.com:1234");
+        checkToSafeString("sIp:xxxxxxx@xxxxxxx.xxx", "sIp:android@android.com");
+    }
+
+    public void testToSafeString_sms() {
+        checkToSafeString("sms:xxxxxx", "sms:123abc");
+        checkToSafeString("smS:xxx.xxx-xxxx", "smS:123.456-7890");
+    }
+
+    public void testToSafeString_smsto() {
+        checkToSafeString("smsto:xxxxxx", "smsto:123abc");
+        checkToSafeString("SMSTo:xxx.xxx-xxxx", "SMSTo:123.456-7890");
+    }
+
+    public void testToSafeString_mailto() {
+        checkToSafeString("mailto:xxxxxxx@xxxxxxx.xxx", "mailto:android@android.com");
+        checkToSafeString("Mailto:xxxxxxx@xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxxxx",
+                "Mailto:android@android.com/secret");
+    }
+
+    public void testToSafeString_nfc() {
+        checkToSafeString("nfc:xxxxxx", "nfc:123abc");
+        checkToSafeString("nfc:xxx.xxx-xxxx", "nfc:123.456-7890");
+        checkToSafeString("nfc:xxxxxxx@xxxxxxx.xxx", "nfc:android@android.com");
+    }
+
+    public void testToSafeString_http() {
+        checkToSafeString("http://www.android.com/...", "http://www.android.com");
+        checkToSafeString("HTTP://www.android.com/...", "HTTP://www.android.com");
+        checkToSafeString("http://www.android.com/...", "http://www.android.com/");
+        checkToSafeString("http://www.android.com/...", "http://www.android.com/secretUrl?param");
+        checkToSafeString("http://www.android.com/...",
+                "http://user:pwd@www.android.com/secretUrl?param");
+        checkToSafeString("http://www.android.com/...",
+                "http://user@www.android.com/secretUrl?param");
+        checkToSafeString("http://www.android.com/...", "http://www.android.com/secretUrl?param");
+        checkToSafeString("http:///...", "http:///path?param");
+        checkToSafeString("http:///...", "http://");
+        checkToSafeString("http://:12345/...", "http://:12345/");
+    }
+
+    public void testToSafeString_https() {
+        checkToSafeString("https://www.android.com/...", "https://www.android.com/secretUrl?param");
+        checkToSafeString("https://www.android.com:8443/...",
+                "https://user:pwd@www.android.com:8443/secretUrl?param");
+        checkToSafeString("https://www.android.com/...", "https://user:pwd@www.android.com");
+        checkToSafeString("Https://www.android.com/...", "Https://user:pwd@www.android.com");
+    }
+
+    public void testToSafeString_ftp() {
+        checkToSafeString("ftp://ftp.android.com/...", "ftp://ftp.android.com/");
+        checkToSafeString("ftP://ftp.android.com/...", "ftP://anonymous@ftp.android.com/");
+        checkToSafeString("ftp://ftp.android.com:2121/...",
+                "ftp://root:love@ftp.android.com:2121/");
+    }
+
+    public void testToSafeString_rtsp() {
+        checkToSafeString("rtsp://rtsp.android.com/...", "rtsp://rtsp.android.com/");
+        checkToSafeString("rtsp://rtsp.android.com/...", "rtsp://rtsp.android.com/video.mov");
+        checkToSafeString("rtsp://rtsp.android.com/...", "rtsp://rtsp.android.com/video.mov?param");
+        checkToSafeString("RtsP://rtsp.android.com/...", "RtsP://anonymous@rtsp.android.com/");
+        checkToSafeString("rtsp://rtsp.android.com:2121/...",
+                "rtsp://username:password@rtsp.android.com:2121/");
+    }
+
+    public void testToSafeString_notSupport() {
+        checkToSafeString("unsupported://ajkakjah/askdha/secret?secret",
+                "unsupported://ajkakjah/askdha/secret?secret");
+        checkToSafeString("unsupported:ajkakjah/askdha/secret?secret",
+                "unsupported:ajkakjah/askdha/secret?secret");
+    }
+
+    private void checkToSafeString(String expectedSafeString, String original) {
+        assertEquals(expectedSafeString, Uri.parse(original).toSafeString());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/Uri_BuilderTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/Uri_BuilderTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4088d82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/Uri_BuilderTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+import android.net.Uri.Builder;
+import android.net.Uri;
+
+public class Uri_BuilderTest extends TestCase {
+    public void testBuilderOperations() {
+        Uri uri = Uri.parse("http://google.com/p1?query#fragment");
+        Builder builder = uri.buildUpon();
+        uri = builder.appendPath("p2").build();
+        assertEquals("http", uri.getScheme());
+        assertEquals("google.com", uri.getAuthority());
+        assertEquals("/p1/p2", uri.getPath());
+        assertEquals("query", uri.getQuery());
+        assertEquals("fragment", uri.getFragment());
+        assertEquals(uri.toString(), builder.toString());
+
+        uri = Uri.parse("mailto:nobody");
+        builder = uri.buildUpon();
+        uri = builder.build();
+        assertEquals("mailto", uri.getScheme());
+        assertEquals("nobody", uri.getSchemeSpecificPart());
+        assertEquals(uri.toString(), builder.toString());
+
+        uri = new Uri.Builder()
+                .scheme("http")
+                .encodedAuthority("google.com")
+                .encodedPath("/p1")
+                .appendEncodedPath("p2")
+                .encodedQuery("query")
+                .appendQueryParameter("query2", null)
+                .encodedFragment("fragment")
+                .build();
+        assertEquals("http", uri.getScheme());
+        assertEquals("google.com", uri.getEncodedAuthority());
+        assertEquals("/p1/p2", uri.getEncodedPath());
+        assertEquals("query&query2=null", uri.getEncodedQuery());
+        assertEquals("fragment", uri.getEncodedFragment());
+
+        uri = new Uri.Builder()
+                .scheme("mailto")
+                .encodedOpaquePart("nobody")
+                .build();
+        assertEquals("mailto", uri.getScheme());
+        assertEquals("nobody", uri.getEncodedSchemeSpecificPart());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/UrlQuerySanitizerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/UrlQuerySanitizerTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a70928
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/UrlQuerySanitizerTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2009 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotSame;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import android.net.UrlQuerySanitizer;
+import android.net.UrlQuerySanitizer.IllegalCharacterValueSanitizer;
+import android.net.UrlQuerySanitizer.ParameterValuePair;
+import android.net.UrlQuerySanitizer.ValueSanitizer;
+import android.os.Build;
+
+import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4;
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+@SmallTest
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+public class UrlQuerySanitizerTest {
+    @Rule
+    public final DevSdkIgnoreRule mIgnoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
+
+    private static final int ALL_OK = IllegalCharacterValueSanitizer.ALL_OK;
+
+    // URL for test.
+    private static final String TEST_URL = "http://example.com/?name=Joe+User&age=20&height=175";
+
+    // Default sanitizer's change when "+".
+    private static final String EXPECTED_UNDERLINE_NAME = "Joe_User";
+
+    // IllegalCharacterValueSanitizer sanitizer's change when "+".
+    private static final String EXPECTED_SPACE_NAME = "Joe User";
+    private static final String EXPECTED_AGE = "20";
+    private static final String EXPECTED_HEIGHT = "175";
+    private static final String NAME = "name";
+    private static final String AGE = "age";
+    private static final String HEIGHT = "height";
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUrlQuerySanitizer() {
+        MockUrlQuerySanitizer uqs = new MockUrlQuerySanitizer();
+        assertFalse(uqs.getAllowUnregisteredParamaters());
+
+        final String query = "book=thinking in java&price=108";
+        final String book = "book";
+        final String bookName = "thinking in java";
+        final String price = "price";
+        final String bookPrice = "108";
+        final String notExistPar = "notExistParameter";
+        uqs.registerParameters(new String[]{book, price}, UrlQuerySanitizer.getSpaceLegal());
+        uqs.parseQuery(query);
+        assertTrue(uqs.hasParameter(book));
+        assertTrue(uqs.hasParameter(price));
+        assertFalse(uqs.hasParameter(notExistPar));
+        assertEquals(bookName, uqs.getValue(book));
+        assertEquals(bookPrice, uqs.getValue(price));
+        assertNull(uqs.getValue(notExistPar));
+        uqs.clear();
+        assertFalse(uqs.hasParameter(book));
+        assertFalse(uqs.hasParameter(price));
+
+        uqs.parseEntry(book, bookName);
+        assertTrue(uqs.hasParameter(book));
+        assertEquals(bookName, uqs.getValue(book));
+        uqs.parseEntry(price, bookPrice);
+        assertTrue(uqs.hasParameter(price));
+        assertEquals(bookPrice, uqs.getValue(price));
+        assertFalse(uqs.hasParameter(notExistPar));
+        assertNull(uqs.getValue(notExistPar));
+
+        uqs = new MockUrlQuerySanitizer(TEST_URL);
+        assertTrue(uqs.getAllowUnregisteredParamaters());
+
+        assertTrue(uqs.hasParameter(NAME));
+        assertTrue(uqs.hasParameter(AGE));
+        assertTrue(uqs.hasParameter(HEIGHT));
+        assertFalse(uqs.hasParameter(notExistPar));
+
+        assertEquals(EXPECTED_UNDERLINE_NAME, uqs.getValue(NAME));
+        assertEquals(EXPECTED_AGE, uqs.getValue(AGE));
+        assertEquals(EXPECTED_HEIGHT, uqs.getValue(HEIGHT));
+        assertNull(uqs.getValue(notExistPar));
+
+        final int ContainerLen = 3;
+        Set<String> urlSet = uqs.getParameterSet();
+        assertEquals(ContainerLen, urlSet.size());
+        assertTrue(urlSet.contains(NAME));
+        assertTrue(urlSet.contains(AGE));
+        assertTrue(urlSet.contains(HEIGHT));
+        assertFalse(urlSet.contains(notExistPar));
+
+        List<ParameterValuePair> urlList = uqs.getParameterList();
+        assertEquals(ContainerLen, urlList.size());
+        ParameterValuePair pvp = urlList.get(0);
+        assertEquals(NAME, pvp.mParameter);
+        assertEquals(EXPECTED_UNDERLINE_NAME, pvp.mValue);
+        pvp = urlList.get(1);
+        assertEquals(AGE, pvp.mParameter);
+        assertEquals(EXPECTED_AGE, pvp.mValue);
+        pvp = urlList.get(2);
+        assertEquals(HEIGHT, pvp.mParameter);
+        assertEquals(EXPECTED_HEIGHT, pvp.mValue);
+
+        assertFalse(uqs.getPreferFirstRepeatedParameter());
+        uqs.addSanitizedEntry(HEIGHT, EXPECTED_HEIGHT + 1);
+        assertEquals(ContainerLen, urlSet.size());
+        assertEquals(ContainerLen + 1, urlList.size());
+        assertEquals(EXPECTED_HEIGHT + 1, uqs.getValue(HEIGHT));
+
+        uqs.setPreferFirstRepeatedParameter(true);
+        assertTrue(uqs.getPreferFirstRepeatedParameter());
+        uqs.addSanitizedEntry(HEIGHT, EXPECTED_HEIGHT);
+        assertEquals(ContainerLen, urlSet.size());
+        assertEquals(ContainerLen + 2, urlList.size());
+        assertEquals(EXPECTED_HEIGHT + 1, uqs.getValue(HEIGHT));
+
+        uqs.registerParameter(NAME, null);
+        assertNull(uqs.getValueSanitizer(NAME));
+        assertNotNull(uqs.getEffectiveValueSanitizer(NAME));
+
+        uqs.setAllowUnregisteredParamaters(false);
+        assertFalse(uqs.getAllowUnregisteredParamaters());
+        uqs.registerParameter(NAME, null);
+        assertNull(uqs.getEffectiveValueSanitizer(NAME));
+
+        ValueSanitizer vs = new IllegalCharacterValueSanitizer(ALL_OK);
+        uqs.registerParameter(NAME, vs);
+        uqs.parseUrl(TEST_URL);
+        assertEquals(EXPECTED_SPACE_NAME, uqs.getValue(NAME));
+        assertNotSame(EXPECTED_AGE, uqs.getValue(AGE));
+
+        String[] register = {NAME, AGE};
+        uqs.registerParameters(register, vs);
+        uqs.parseUrl(TEST_URL);
+        assertEquals(EXPECTED_SPACE_NAME, uqs.getValue(NAME));
+        assertEquals(EXPECTED_AGE, uqs.getValue(AGE));
+        assertNotSame(EXPECTED_HEIGHT, uqs.getValue(HEIGHT));
+
+        uqs.setUnregisteredParameterValueSanitizer(vs);
+        assertEquals(vs, uqs.getUnregisteredParameterValueSanitizer());
+
+        vs = UrlQuerySanitizer.getAllIllegal();
+        assertEquals("Joe_User", vs.sanitize("Joe<User"));
+        vs = UrlQuerySanitizer.getAllButNulAndAngleBracketsLegal();
+        assertEquals("Joe   User", vs.sanitize("Joe<>\0User"));
+        vs = UrlQuerySanitizer.getAllButNulLegal();
+        assertEquals("Joe User", vs.sanitize("Joe\0User"));
+        vs = UrlQuerySanitizer.getAllButWhitespaceLegal();
+        assertEquals("Joe_User", vs.sanitize("Joe User"));
+        vs = UrlQuerySanitizer.getAmpAndSpaceLegal();
+        assertEquals("Joe User&", vs.sanitize("Joe User&"));
+        vs = UrlQuerySanitizer.getAmpLegal();
+        assertEquals("Joe_User&", vs.sanitize("Joe User&"));
+        vs = UrlQuerySanitizer.getSpaceLegal();
+        assertEquals("Joe User ", vs.sanitize("Joe User&"));
+        vs = UrlQuerySanitizer.getUrlAndSpaceLegal();
+        assertEquals("Joe User&Smith%B5'\'", vs.sanitize("Joe User&Smith%B5'\'"));
+        vs = UrlQuerySanitizer.getUrlLegal();
+        assertEquals("Joe_User&Smith%B5'\'", vs.sanitize("Joe User&Smith%B5'\'"));
+
+        String escape = "Joe";
+        assertEquals(escape, uqs.unescape(escape));
+        String expectedPlus = "Joe User";
+        String expectedPercentSignHex = "title=" + Character.toString((char)181);
+        String initialPlus = "Joe+User";
+        String initialPercentSign = "title=%B5";
+        assertEquals(expectedPlus, uqs.unescape(initialPlus));
+        assertEquals(expectedPercentSignHex, uqs.unescape(initialPercentSign));
+        String expectedPlusThenPercentSign = "Joe Random, User";
+        String plusThenPercentSign = "Joe+Random%2C%20User";
+        assertEquals(expectedPlusThenPercentSign, uqs.unescape(plusThenPercentSign));
+        String expectedPercentSignThenPlus = "Joe, Random User";
+        String percentSignThenPlus = "Joe%2C+Random+User";
+        assertEquals(expectedPercentSignThenPlus, uqs.unescape(percentSignThenPlus));
+
+        assertTrue(uqs.decodeHexDigit('0') >= 0);
+        assertTrue(uqs.decodeHexDigit('b') >= 0);
+        assertTrue(uqs.decodeHexDigit('F') >= 0);
+        assertTrue(uqs.decodeHexDigit('$') < 0);
+
+        assertTrue(uqs.isHexDigit('0'));
+        assertTrue(uqs.isHexDigit('b'));
+        assertTrue(uqs.isHexDigit('F'));
+        assertFalse(uqs.isHexDigit('$'));
+
+        uqs.clear();
+        assertEquals(0, urlSet.size());
+        assertEquals(0, urlList.size());
+
+        uqs.setPreferFirstRepeatedParameter(true);
+        assertTrue(uqs.getPreferFirstRepeatedParameter());
+        uqs.setPreferFirstRepeatedParameter(false);
+        assertFalse(uqs.getPreferFirstRepeatedParameter());
+
+        UrlQuerySanitizer uq = new UrlQuerySanitizer();
+        uq.setPreferFirstRepeatedParameter(true);
+        final String PARA_ANSWER = "answer";
+        uq.registerParameter(PARA_ANSWER, new MockValueSanitizer());
+        uq.parseUrl("http://www.google.com/question?answer=13&answer=42");
+        assertEquals("13", uq.getValue(PARA_ANSWER));
+
+        uq.setPreferFirstRepeatedParameter(false);
+        uq.parseQuery("http://www.google.com/question?answer=13&answer=42");
+        assertEquals("42", uq.getValue(PARA_ANSWER));
+
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) // Only fixed in R
+    public void testScriptUrlOk_73822755() {
+        ValueSanitizer sanitizer = new UrlQuerySanitizer.IllegalCharacterValueSanitizer(
+                UrlQuerySanitizer.IllegalCharacterValueSanitizer.SCRIPT_URL_OK);
+        assertEquals("javascript:alert()", sanitizer.sanitize("javascript:alert()"));
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) // Only fixed in R
+    public void testScriptUrlBlocked_73822755() {
+        ValueSanitizer sanitizer = UrlQuerySanitizer.getUrlAndSpaceLegal();
+        assertEquals("", sanitizer.sanitize("javascript:alert()"));
+    }
+
+    private static class MockValueSanitizer implements ValueSanitizer{
+
+        public String sanitize(String value) {
+            return value;
+        }
+    }
+
+    class MockUrlQuerySanitizer extends UrlQuerySanitizer {
+        public MockUrlQuerySanitizer() {
+            super();
+        }
+
+        public MockUrlQuerySanitizer(String url) {
+            super(url);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected void addSanitizedEntry(String parameter, String value) {
+            super.addSanitizedEntry(parameter, value);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected void clear() {
+            super.clear();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected int decodeHexDigit(char c) {
+            return super.decodeHexDigit(c);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected boolean isHexDigit(char c) {
+            return super.isHexDigit(c);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected void parseEntry(String parameter, String value) {
+            super.parseEntry(parameter, value);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/UrlQuerySanitizer_IllegalCharacterValueSanitizerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/UrlQuerySanitizer_IllegalCharacterValueSanitizerTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f86af31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/UrlQuerySanitizer_IllegalCharacterValueSanitizerTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2009 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import android.net.UrlQuerySanitizer;
+import android.net.UrlQuerySanitizer.IllegalCharacterValueSanitizer;
+import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
+
+public class UrlQuerySanitizer_IllegalCharacterValueSanitizerTest extends AndroidTestCase {
+    static final int SPACE_OK = IllegalCharacterValueSanitizer.SPACE_OK;
+    public void testSanitize() {
+        IllegalCharacterValueSanitizer sanitizer =  new IllegalCharacterValueSanitizer(SPACE_OK);
+        assertEquals("Joe User", sanitizer.sanitize("Joe<User"));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/UrlQuerySanitizer_ParameterValuePairTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/UrlQuerySanitizer_ParameterValuePairTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..077cdaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/UrlQuerySanitizer_ParameterValuePairTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2009 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import android.net.UrlQuerySanitizer;
+import android.net.UrlQuerySanitizer.ParameterValuePair;
+import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
+
+public class UrlQuerySanitizer_ParameterValuePairTest extends AndroidTestCase {
+    public void testConstructor() {
+        final String parameter = "name";
+        final String vaule = "Joe_user";
+
+        UrlQuerySanitizer uqs = new UrlQuerySanitizer();
+        ParameterValuePair parameterValuePair = uqs.new ParameterValuePair(parameter, vaule);
+        assertEquals(parameter, parameterValuePair.mParameter);
+        assertEquals(vaule, parameterValuePair.mValue);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/VpnServiceTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/VpnServiceTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c7b5ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/VpnServiceTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.net.VpnService;
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
+import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.net.DatagramSocket;
+import java.net.Socket;
+
+/**
+ * VpnService API is built with security in mind. However, its security also
+ * blocks us from writing tests for positive cases. For now we only test for
+ * negative cases, and we will try to cover the rest in the future.
+ */
+public class VpnServiceTest extends AndroidTestCase {
+
+    private static final String TAG = VpnServiceTest.class.getSimpleName();
+
+    private VpnService mVpnService = new VpnService();
+
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "PackageManager#queryIntentActivities cannot access in instant app mode")
+    public void testPrepare() throws Exception {
+        // Should never return null since we are not prepared.
+        Intent intent = VpnService.prepare(mContext);
+        assertNotNull(intent);
+
+        // Should be always resolved by only one activity.
+        int count = mContext.getPackageManager().queryIntentActivities(intent, 0).size();
+        assertEquals(1, count);
+    }
+
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "establish() requires prepare(), which requires PackageManager access")
+    public void testEstablish() throws Exception {
+        ParcelFileDescriptor descriptor = null;
+        try {
+            // Should always return null since we are not prepared.
+            descriptor = mVpnService.new Builder().addAddress("8.8.8.8", 30).establish();
+            assertNull(descriptor);
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                descriptor.close();
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                // ignore
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Protecting sockets requires prepare(), which requires PackageManager")
+    public void testProtect_DatagramSocket() throws Exception {
+        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
+        try {
+            // Should always return false since we are not prepared.
+            assertFalse(mVpnService.protect(socket));
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                socket.close();
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                // ignore
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Protecting sockets requires prepare(), which requires PackageManager")
+    public void testProtect_Socket() throws Exception {
+        Socket socket = new Socket();
+        try {
+            // Should always return false since we are not prepared.
+            assertFalse(mVpnService.protect(socket));
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                socket.close();
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                // ignore
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Protecting sockets requires prepare(), which requires PackageManager")
+    public void testProtect_int() throws Exception {
+        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
+        ParcelFileDescriptor descriptor = ParcelFileDescriptor.fromDatagramSocket(socket);
+        try {
+            // Should always return false since we are not prepared.
+            assertFalse(mVpnService.protect(descriptor.getFd()));
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                descriptor.close();
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                // ignore
+            }
+            try {
+                socket.close();
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                // ignore
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testTunDevice() throws Exception {
+        File file = new File("/dev/tun");
+        assertTrue(file.exists());
+        assertFalse(file.isFile());
+        assertFalse(file.isDirectory());
+        assertFalse(file.canExecute());
+        assertFalse(file.canRead());
+        assertFalse(file.canWrite());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/ipv6/cts/PingTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/ipv6/cts/PingTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8665fc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/ipv6/cts/PingTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2013 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.ipv6.cts;
+
+import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.system.Os;
+import android.system.StructTimeval;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.*;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Random;
+
+/**
+ * Checks that the device has kernel support for the IPv6 ping socket. This allows ping6 to work
+ * without root privileges. The necessary kernel code is in Linux 3.11 or above, or the
+ * <code>common/android-3.x</code> kernel trees. If you are not running one of these kernels, the
+ * functionality can be obtained by cherry-picking the following patches from David Miller's
+ * <code>net-next</code> tree:
+ * <ul>
+ * <li>6d0bfe2 net: ipv6: Add IPv6 support to the ping socket.
+ * <li>c26d6b4 ping: always initialize ->sin6_scope_id and ->sin6_flowinfo
+ * <li>fbfe80c net: ipv6: fix wrong ping_v6_sendmsg return value
+ * <li>a1bdc45 net: ipv6: add missing lock in ping_v6_sendmsg
+ * <li>cf970c0 ping: prevent NULL pointer dereference on write to msg_name
+ * </ul>
+ * or the equivalent backports to the <code>common/android-3.x</code> trees.
+ */
+public class PingTest extends AndroidTestCase {
+    /** Maximum size of the packets we're using to test. */
+    private static final int MAX_SIZE = 4096;
+
+    /** Size of the ICMPv6 header. */
+    private static final int ICMP_HEADER_SIZE = 8;
+
+    /** Number of packets to test. */
+    private static final int NUM_PACKETS = 10;
+
+    /** The beginning of an ICMPv6 echo request: type, code, and uninitialized checksum. */
+    private static final byte[] PING_HEADER = new byte[] {
+        (byte) ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a byte array containing an ICMPv6 echo request with the specified payload length.
+     */
+    private byte[] pingPacket(int payloadLength) {
+        byte[] packet = new byte[payloadLength + ICMP_HEADER_SIZE];
+        new Random().nextBytes(packet);
+        System.arraycopy(PING_HEADER, 0, packet, 0, PING_HEADER.length);
+        return packet;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks that the first length bytes of two byte arrays are equal.
+     */
+    private void assertArrayBytesEqual(byte[] expected, byte[] actual, int length) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+            assertEquals("Arrays differ at index " + i + ":", expected[i], actual[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an IPv6 ping socket and sets a receive timeout of 100ms.
+     */
+    private FileDescriptor createPingSocket() throws ErrnoException {
+        FileDescriptor s = Os.socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_ICMPV6);
+        Os.setsockoptTimeval(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, StructTimeval.fromMillis(100));
+        return s;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sends a ping packet to a random port on the specified address on the specified socket.
+     */
+    private void sendPing(FileDescriptor s,
+            InetAddress address, byte[] packet) throws ErrnoException, IOException {
+        // Pick a random port. Choose a range that gives a reasonable chance of picking a low port.
+        int port = (int) (Math.random() * 2048);
+
+        // Send the packet.
+        int ret = Os.sendto(s, ByteBuffer.wrap(packet), 0, address, port);
+        assertEquals(packet.length, ret);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks that a socket has received a response appropriate to the specified packet.
+     */
+    private void checkResponse(FileDescriptor s, InetAddress dest,
+            byte[] sent, boolean useRecvfrom) throws ErrnoException, IOException {
+        ByteBuffer responseBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(MAX_SIZE);
+        int bytesRead;
+
+        // Receive the response.
+        if (useRecvfrom) {
+            InetSocketAddress from = new InetSocketAddress(0);
+            bytesRead = Os.recvfrom(s, responseBuffer, 0, from);
+
+            // Check the source address and scope ID.
+            assertTrue(from.getAddress() instanceof Inet6Address);
+            Inet6Address fromAddress = (Inet6Address) from.getAddress();
+            assertEquals(0, fromAddress.getScopeId());
+            assertNull(fromAddress.getScopedInterface());
+            assertEquals(dest.getHostAddress(), fromAddress.getHostAddress());
+        } else {
+            bytesRead = Os.read(s, responseBuffer);
+        }
+
+        // Check the packet length.
+        assertEquals(sent.length, bytesRead);
+
+        // Check the response is an echo reply.
+        byte[] response = new byte[bytesRead];
+        responseBuffer.flip();
+        responseBuffer.get(response, 0, bytesRead);
+        assertEquals((byte) ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY, response[0]);
+
+        // Find out what ICMP ID was used in the packet that was sent.
+        int id = ((InetSocketAddress) Os.getsockname(s)).getPort();
+        sent[4] = (byte) (id / 256);
+        sent[5] = (byte) (id % 256);
+
+        // Ensure the response is the same as the packet, except for the type (which is 0x81)
+        // and the ID and checksum,  which are set by the kernel.
+        response[0] = (byte) 0x80;                 // Type.
+        response[2] = response[3] = (byte) 0x00;   // Checksum.
+        assertArrayBytesEqual(response, sent, bytesRead);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sends NUM_PACKETS random ping packets to ::1 and checks the replies.
+     */
+    public void testLoopbackPing() throws ErrnoException, IOException {
+        // Generate a random ping packet and send it to localhost.
+        InetAddress ipv6Loopback = InetAddress.getByName(null);
+        assertEquals("::1", ipv6Loopback.getHostAddress());
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < NUM_PACKETS; i++) {
+            byte[] packet = pingPacket((int) (Math.random() * (MAX_SIZE - ICMP_HEADER_SIZE)));
+            FileDescriptor s = createPingSocket();
+            // Use both recvfrom and read().
+            sendPing(s, ipv6Loopback, packet);
+            checkResponse(s, ipv6Loopback, packet, true);
+            sendPing(s, ipv6Loopback, packet);
+            checkResponse(s, ipv6Loopback, packet, false);
+            // Check closing the socket doesn't raise an exception.
+            Os.close(s);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/rtp/cts/AudioCodecTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/rtp/cts/AudioCodecTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..412498c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/rtp/cts/AudioCodecTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net.rtp.cts;
+
+import android.net.rtp.AudioCodec;
+import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
+
+public class AudioCodecTest extends AndroidTestCase {
+
+    private void assertEquals(AudioCodec codec, int type, String rtpmap, String fmtp) {
+        if (type >= 0) {
+            assertEquals(codec.type, type);
+        } else {
+            assertTrue(codec.type >= 96 && codec.type <= 127);
+        }
+        assertEquals(codec.rtpmap.compareToIgnoreCase(rtpmap), 0);
+        assertEquals(codec.fmtp, fmtp);
+    }
+
+    public void testConstants() throws Exception {
+        assertEquals(AudioCodec.PCMU, 0, "PCMU/8000", null);
+        assertEquals(AudioCodec.PCMA, 8, "PCMA/8000", null);
+        assertEquals(AudioCodec.GSM, 3, "GSM/8000", null);
+        assertEquals(AudioCodec.GSM_EFR, -1, "GSM-EFR/8000", null);
+        assertEquals(AudioCodec.AMR, -1, "AMR/8000", null);
+
+        assertFalse(AudioCodec.AMR.type == AudioCodec.GSM_EFR.type);
+    }
+
+    public void testGetCodec() throws Exception {
+        // Bad types.
+        assertNull(AudioCodec.getCodec(128, "PCMU/8000", null));
+        assertNull(AudioCodec.getCodec(-1, "PCMU/8000", null));
+        assertNull(AudioCodec.getCodec(96, null, null));
+
+        // Fixed types.
+        assertEquals(AudioCodec.getCodec(0, null, null), 0, "PCMU/8000", null);
+        assertEquals(AudioCodec.getCodec(8, null, null), 8, "PCMA/8000", null);
+        assertEquals(AudioCodec.getCodec(3, null, null), 3, "GSM/8000", null);
+
+        // Dynamic types.
+        assertEquals(AudioCodec.getCodec(96, "pcmu/8000", null), 96, "PCMU/8000", null);
+        assertEquals(AudioCodec.getCodec(97, "pcma/8000", null), 97, "PCMA/8000", null);
+        assertEquals(AudioCodec.getCodec(98, "gsm/8000", null), 98, "GSM/8000", null);
+        assertEquals(AudioCodec.getCodec(99, "gsm-efr/8000", null), 99, "GSM-EFR/8000", null);
+        assertEquals(AudioCodec.getCodec(100, "amr/8000", null), 100, "AMR/8000", null);
+    }
+
+    public void testGetCodecs() throws Exception {
+        AudioCodec[] codecs = AudioCodec.getCodecs();
+        assertTrue(codecs.length >= 5);
+
+        // The types of the codecs should be different.
+        boolean[] types = new boolean[128];
+        for (AudioCodec codec : codecs) {
+            assertFalse(types[codec.type]);
+            types[codec.type] = true;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/rtp/cts/AudioGroupTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/rtp/cts/AudioGroupTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc78e96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/rtp/cts/AudioGroupTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net.rtp.cts;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.media.AudioManager;
+import android.net.rtp.AudioCodec;
+import android.net.rtp.AudioGroup;
+import android.net.rtp.AudioStream;
+import android.net.rtp.RtpStream;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
+import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
+
+import androidx.core.os.BuildCompat;
+
+import java.net.DatagramPacket;
+import java.net.DatagramSocket;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+
+@AppModeFull(reason = "RtpStream cannot create in instant app mode")
+public class AudioGroupTest extends AndroidTestCase {
+
+    private static final String TAG = AudioGroupTest.class.getSimpleName();
+
+    private AudioManager mAudioManager;
+
+    private AudioStream mStreamA;
+    private DatagramSocket mSocketA;
+    private AudioStream mStreamB;
+    private DatagramSocket mSocketB;
+    private AudioGroup mGroup;
+
+    @Override
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        mAudioManager = (AudioManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.AUDIO_SERVICE);
+        mAudioManager.setMode(AudioManager.MODE_IN_COMMUNICATION);
+
+        InetAddress local = InetAddress.getByName("::1");
+
+        mStreamA = new AudioStream(local);
+        mStreamA.setMode(RtpStream.MODE_NORMAL);
+        mStreamA.setCodec(AudioCodec.PCMU);
+        mSocketA = new DatagramSocket();
+        mSocketA.connect(mStreamA.getLocalAddress(), mStreamA.getLocalPort());
+        mStreamA.associate(mSocketA.getLocalAddress(), mSocketA.getLocalPort());
+
+        mStreamB = new AudioStream(local);
+        mStreamB.setMode(RtpStream.MODE_NORMAL);
+        mStreamB.setCodec(AudioCodec.PCMU);
+        mSocketB = new DatagramSocket();
+        mSocketB.connect(mStreamB.getLocalAddress(), mStreamB.getLocalPort());
+        mStreamB.associate(mSocketB.getLocalAddress(), mSocketB.getLocalPort());
+
+        // BuildCompat.isAtLeastR is documented to return false on release SDKs (including R)
+        mGroup = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > Build.VERSION_CODES.Q || BuildCompat.isAtLeastR()
+                ? new AudioGroup(mContext)
+                : new AudioGroup(); // Constructor with context argument was introduced in R
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        mGroup.clear();
+        mStreamA.release();
+        mSocketA.close();
+        mStreamB.release();
+        mSocketB.close();
+        mAudioManager.setMode(AudioManager.MODE_NORMAL);
+    }
+
+    private void assertPacket(DatagramSocket socket, int length) throws Exception {
+        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(new byte[length + 1], length + 1);
+        socket.setSoTimeout(3000);
+        socket.receive(packet);
+        assertEquals(packet.getLength(), length);
+    }
+
+    private void drain(DatagramSocket socket) throws Exception {
+        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(new byte[1], 1);
+        socket.setSoTimeout(1);
+        try {
+            // Drain the socket by retrieving all the packets queued on it.
+            // A SocketTimeoutException will be thrown when it becomes empty.
+            while (true) {
+                socket.receive(packet);
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            // ignore.
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testTraffic() throws Exception {
+        mStreamA.join(mGroup);
+        assertPacket(mSocketA, 12 + 160);
+
+        mStreamB.join(mGroup);
+        assertPacket(mSocketB, 12 + 160);
+
+        mStreamA.join(null);
+        drain(mSocketA);
+
+        drain(mSocketB);
+        assertPacket(mSocketB, 12 + 160);
+
+        mStreamA.join(mGroup);
+        assertPacket(mSocketA, 12 + 160);
+    }
+
+    public void testSetMode() throws Exception {
+        mGroup.setMode(AudioGroup.MODE_NORMAL);
+        assertEquals(mGroup.getMode(), AudioGroup.MODE_NORMAL);
+
+        mGroup.setMode(AudioGroup.MODE_MUTED);
+        assertEquals(mGroup.getMode(), AudioGroup.MODE_MUTED);
+
+        mStreamA.join(mGroup);
+        mStreamB.join(mGroup);
+
+        mGroup.setMode(AudioGroup.MODE_NORMAL);
+        assertEquals(mGroup.getMode(), AudioGroup.MODE_NORMAL);
+
+        mGroup.setMode(AudioGroup.MODE_MUTED);
+        assertEquals(mGroup.getMode(), AudioGroup.MODE_MUTED);
+    }
+
+    public void testAdd() throws Exception {
+        mStreamA.join(mGroup);
+        assertEquals(mGroup.getStreams().length, 1);
+
+        mStreamB.join(mGroup);
+        assertEquals(mGroup.getStreams().length, 2);
+
+        mStreamA.join(mGroup);
+        assertEquals(mGroup.getStreams().length, 2);
+    }
+
+    public void testRemove() throws Exception {
+        mStreamA.join(mGroup);
+        assertEquals(mGroup.getStreams().length, 1);
+
+        mStreamA.join(null);
+        assertEquals(mGroup.getStreams().length, 0);
+
+        mStreamA.join(mGroup);
+        assertEquals(mGroup.getStreams().length, 1);
+    }
+
+    public void testClear() throws Exception {
+        mStreamA.join(mGroup);
+        mStreamB.join(mGroup);
+        mGroup.clear();
+
+        assertEquals(mGroup.getStreams().length, 0);
+        assertFalse(mStreamA.isBusy());
+        assertFalse(mStreamB.isBusy());
+    }
+
+    public void testDoubleClear() throws Exception {
+        mStreamA.join(mGroup);
+        mStreamB.join(mGroup);
+        mGroup.clear();
+        mGroup.clear();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/rtp/cts/AudioStreamTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/rtp/cts/AudioStreamTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2db6ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/rtp/cts/AudioStreamTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net.rtp.cts;
+
+import android.net.rtp.AudioCodec;
+import android.net.rtp.AudioStream;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
+import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+
+@AppModeFull(reason = "RtpStream cannot create in instant app mode")
+public class AudioStreamTest extends AndroidTestCase {
+
+    private void testRtpStream(InetAddress address) throws Exception {
+        AudioStream stream = new AudioStream(address);
+        assertEquals(stream.getLocalAddress(), address);
+        assertEquals(stream.getLocalPort() % 2, 0);
+
+        assertNull(stream.getRemoteAddress());
+        assertEquals(stream.getRemotePort(), -1);
+        stream.associate(address, 1000);
+        assertEquals(stream.getRemoteAddress(), address);
+        assertEquals(stream.getRemotePort(), 1000);
+
+        assertFalse(stream.isBusy());
+        stream.release();
+    }
+
+    public void testV4Stream() throws Exception {
+        testRtpStream(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"));
+    }
+
+    public void testV6Stream() throws Exception {
+        testRtpStream(InetAddress.getByName("::1"));
+    }
+
+    public void testSetDtmfType() throws Exception {
+        AudioStream stream = new AudioStream(InetAddress.getByName("::1"));
+
+        assertEquals(stream.getDtmfType(), -1);
+        try {
+            stream.setDtmfType(0);
+            fail("Expecting IllegalArgumentException");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            // ignore
+        }
+        stream.setDtmfType(96);
+        assertEquals(stream.getDtmfType(), 96);
+
+        stream.setCodec(AudioCodec.getCodec(97, "PCMU/8000", null));
+        try {
+            stream.setDtmfType(97);
+            fail("Expecting IllegalArgumentException");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            // ignore
+        }
+        stream.release();
+    }
+
+    public void testSetCodec() throws Exception {
+        AudioStream stream = new AudioStream(InetAddress.getByName("::1"));
+
+        assertNull(stream.getCodec());
+        stream.setCodec(AudioCodec.getCodec(97, "PCMU/8000", null));
+        assertNotNull(stream.getCodec());
+
+        stream.setDtmfType(96);
+        try {
+            stream.setCodec(AudioCodec.getCodec(96, "PCMU/8000", null));
+            fail("Expecting IllegalArgumentException");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            // ignore
+        }
+        stream.release();
+    }
+
+    public void testDoubleRelease() throws Exception {
+        AudioStream stream = new AudioStream(InetAddress.getByName("::1"));
+        stream.release();
+        stream.release();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/util/Android.bp b/tests/cts/net/util/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fffd30f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/util/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+// Common utilities for cts net tests.
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+java_library {
+    name: "cts-net-utils",
+    srcs: ["java/**/*.java", "java/**/*.kt"],
+    static_libs: [
+        "compatibility-device-util-axt",
+        "junit",
+        "net-tests-utils",
+        "modules-utils-build",
+        "net-utils-framework-common",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsNetUtils.java b/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsNetUtils.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7254319
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsNetUtils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,634 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts.util;
+
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST;
+
+import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.PropertyUtil.getFirstApiLevel;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.app.AppOpsManager;
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
+import android.content.ContentResolver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.IntentFilter;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkInfo;
+import android.net.NetworkInfo.State;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.net.TestNetworkManager;
+import android.net.wifi.WifiInfo;
+import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.ConditionVariable;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.system.Os;
+import android.system.OsConstants;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil;
+import com.android.net.module.util.ConnectivitySettingsUtils;
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectUtil;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.Socket;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+
+public final class CtsNetUtils {
+    private static final String TAG = CtsNetUtils.class.getSimpleName();
+    private static final int SOCKET_TIMEOUT_MS = 2000;
+    private static final int PRIVATE_DNS_PROBE_MS = 1_000;
+
+    private static final int PRIVATE_DNS_SETTING_TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000;
+    private static final int CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE_TIMEOUT_SECS = 30;
+
+    private static final String PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC = "opportunistic";
+    private static final String PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_STRICT = "hostname";
+    public static final int HTTP_PORT = 80;
+    public static final String TEST_HOST = "connectivitycheck.gstatic.com";
+    public static final String HTTP_REQUEST =
+            "GET /generate_204 HTTP/1.0\r\n" +
+                    "Host: " + TEST_HOST + "\r\n" +
+                    "Connection: keep-alive\r\n\r\n";
+    // Action sent to ConnectivityActionReceiver when a network callback is sent via PendingIntent.
+    public static final String NETWORK_CALLBACK_ACTION =
+            "ConnectivityManagerTest.NetworkCallbackAction";
+
+    private final IBinder mBinder = new Binder();
+    private final Context mContext;
+    private final ConnectivityManager mCm;
+    private final ContentResolver mCR;
+    private final WifiManager mWifiManager;
+    private TestNetworkCallback mCellNetworkCallback;
+    private int mOldPrivateDnsMode = 0;
+    private String mOldPrivateDnsSpecifier;
+
+    public CtsNetUtils(Context context) {
+        mContext = context;
+        mCm = (ConnectivityManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
+        mWifiManager = (WifiManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);
+        mCR = context.getContentResolver();
+    }
+
+    /** Checks if FEATURE_IPSEC_TUNNELS is enabled on the device */
+    public boolean hasIpsecTunnelsFeature() {
+        return mContext.getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_IPSEC_TUNNELS)
+                || getFirstApiLevel() >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the given appop using shell commands
+     *
+     * <p>Expects caller to hold the shell permission identity.
+     */
+    public void setAppopPrivileged(int appop, boolean allow) {
+        final String opName = AppOpsManager.opToName(appop);
+        for (final String pkg : new String[] {"com.android.shell", mContext.getPackageName()}) {
+            final String cmd =
+                    String.format(
+                            "appops set %s %s %s",
+                            pkg, // Package name
+                            opName, // Appop
+                            (allow ? "allow" : "deny")); // Action
+            SystemUtil.runShellCommand(cmd);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Sets up a test network using the provided interface name */
+    public TestNetworkCallback setupAndGetTestNetwork(String ifname) throws Exception {
+        // Build a network request
+        final NetworkRequest nr =
+                new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                        .clearCapabilities()
+                        .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                        .setNetworkSpecifier(ifname)
+                        .build();
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback cb = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.requestNetwork(nr, cb);
+
+        // Setup the test network after network request is filed to prevent Network from being
+        // reaped due to no requests matching it.
+        mContext.getSystemService(TestNetworkManager.class).setupTestNetwork(ifname, mBinder);
+
+        return cb;
+    }
+
+    // Toggle WiFi twice, leaving it in the state it started in
+    public void toggleWifi() throws Exception {
+        if (mWifiManager.isWifiEnabled()) {
+            Network wifiNetwork = getWifiNetwork();
+            // Ensure system default network is WIFI because it's expected in disconnectFromWifi()
+            expectNetworkIsSystemDefault(wifiNetwork);
+            disconnectFromWifi(wifiNetwork);
+            connectToWifi();
+        } else {
+            connectToWifi();
+            Network wifiNetwork = getWifiNetwork();
+            // Ensure system default network is WIFI because it's expected in disconnectFromWifi()
+            expectNetworkIsSystemDefault(wifiNetwork);
+            disconnectFromWifi(wifiNetwork);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Network expectNetworkIsSystemDefault(Network network)
+            throws Exception {
+        final CompletableFuture<Network> future = new CompletableFuture();
+        final NetworkCallback cb = new NetworkCallback() {
+            @Override
+            public void onAvailable(Network n) {
+                if (n.equals(network)) future.complete(network);
+            }
+        };
+
+        try {
+            mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(cb);
+            return future.get(CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE_TIMEOUT_SECS, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+        } catch (TimeoutException e) {
+            throw new AssertionError("Timed out waiting for system default network to switch"
+                    + " to network " + network + ". Current default network is network "
+                    + mCm.getActiveNetwork(), e);
+        } finally {
+            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cb);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Enable WiFi and wait for it to become connected to a network.
+     *
+     * This method expects to receive a legacy broadcast on connect, which may not be sent if the
+     * network does not become default or if it is not the first network.
+     */
+    public Network connectToWifi() {
+        return connectToWifi(true /* expectLegacyBroadcast */);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Enable WiFi and wait for it to become connected to a network.
+     *
+     * A network is considered connected when a {@link NetworkRequest} with TRANSPORT_WIFI
+     * receives a {@link NetworkCallback#onAvailable(Network)} callback.
+     */
+    public Network ensureWifiConnected() {
+        return connectToWifi(false /* expectLegacyBroadcast */);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Enable WiFi and wait for it to become connected to a network.
+     *
+     * @param expectLegacyBroadcast Whether to check for a legacy CONNECTIVITY_ACTION connected
+     *                              broadcast. The broadcast is typically not sent if the network
+     *                              does not become the default network, and is not the first
+     *                              network to appear.
+     * @return The network that was newly connected.
+     */
+    private Network connectToWifi(boolean expectLegacyBroadcast) {
+        ConnectivityActionReceiver receiver = new ConnectivityActionReceiver(
+                mCm, ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI, NetworkInfo.State.CONNECTED);
+        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
+        filter.addAction(ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION);
+        mContext.registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
+
+        try {
+            final Network network = new ConnectUtil(mContext).ensureWifiConnected();
+            if (expectLegacyBroadcast) {
+                assertTrue("CONNECTIVITY_ACTION not received after connecting to " + network,
+                        receiver.waitForState());
+            }
+            return network;
+        } catch (InterruptedException ex) {
+            throw new AssertionError("connectToWifi was interrupted", ex);
+        } finally {
+            mContext.unregisterReceiver(receiver);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Disable WiFi and wait for it to become disconnected from the network.
+     *
+     * This method expects to receive a legacy broadcast on disconnect, which may not be sent if the
+     * network was not default, or was not the first network.
+     *
+     * @param wifiNetworkToCheck If non-null, a network that should be disconnected. This network
+     *                           is expected to be able to establish a TCP connection to a remote
+     *                           server before disconnecting, and to have that connection closed in
+     *                           the process.
+     */
+    public void disconnectFromWifi(Network wifiNetworkToCheck) {
+        disconnectFromWifi(wifiNetworkToCheck, true /* expectLegacyBroadcast */);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Disable WiFi and wait for it to become disconnected from the network.
+     *
+     * @param wifiNetworkToCheck If non-null, a network that should be disconnected. This network
+     *                           is expected to be able to establish a TCP connection to a remote
+     *                           server before disconnecting, and to have that connection closed in
+     *                           the process.
+     */
+    public void ensureWifiDisconnected(Network wifiNetworkToCheck) {
+        disconnectFromWifi(wifiNetworkToCheck, false /* expectLegacyBroadcast */);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Disable WiFi and wait for it to become disconnected from the network.
+     *
+     * @param wifiNetworkToCheck If non-null, a network that should be disconnected. This network
+     *                           is expected to be able to establish a TCP connection to a remote
+     *                           server before disconnecting, and to have that connection closed in
+     *                           the process.
+     * @param expectLegacyBroadcast Whether to check for a legacy CONNECTIVITY_ACTION disconnected
+     *                              broadcast. The broadcast is typically not sent if the network
+     *                              was not the default network and not the first network to appear.
+     *                              The check will always be skipped if the device was not connected
+     *                              to wifi in the first place.
+     */
+    private void disconnectFromWifi(Network wifiNetworkToCheck, boolean expectLegacyBroadcast) {
+        final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(makeWifiNetworkRequest(), callback);
+
+        ConnectivityActionReceiver receiver = new ConnectivityActionReceiver(
+                mCm, ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI, NetworkInfo.State.DISCONNECTED);
+        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
+        filter.addAction(ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION);
+        mContext.registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
+
+        final WifiInfo wifiInfo = mWifiManager.getConnectionInfo();
+        final boolean wasWifiConnected = wifiInfo != null && wifiInfo.getNetworkId() != -1;
+        // Assert that we can establish a TCP connection on wifi.
+        Socket wifiBoundSocket = null;
+        if (wifiNetworkToCheck != null) {
+            assertTrue("Cannot check network " + wifiNetworkToCheck + ": wifi is not connected",
+                    wasWifiConnected);
+            final NetworkCapabilities nc = mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(wifiNetworkToCheck);
+            assertNotNull("Network " + wifiNetworkToCheck + " is not connected", nc);
+            try {
+                wifiBoundSocket = getBoundSocket(wifiNetworkToCheck, TEST_HOST, HTTP_PORT);
+                testHttpRequest(wifiBoundSocket);
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                fail("HTTP request before wifi disconnected failed with: " + e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        try {
+            if (wasWifiConnected) {
+                // Make sure the callback is registered before turning off WiFi.
+                callback.waitForAvailable();
+            }
+            SystemUtil.runShellCommand("svc wifi disable");
+            if (wasWifiConnected) {
+                // Ensure we get both an onLost callback and a CONNECTIVITY_ACTION.
+                assertNotNull("Did not receive onLost callback after disabling wifi",
+                        callback.waitForLost());
+                if (expectLegacyBroadcast) {
+                    assertTrue("Wifi failed to reach DISCONNECTED state.", receiver.waitForState());
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (InterruptedException ex) {
+            fail("disconnectFromWifi was interrupted");
+        } finally {
+            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
+            mContext.unregisterReceiver(receiver);
+        }
+
+        // Check that the socket is closed when wifi disconnects.
+        if (wifiBoundSocket != null) {
+            try {
+                testHttpRequest(wifiBoundSocket);
+                fail("HTTP request should not succeed after wifi disconnects");
+            } catch (IOException expected) {
+                assertEquals(Os.strerror(OsConstants.ECONNABORTED), expected.getMessage());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public Network getWifiNetwork() {
+        TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(makeWifiNetworkRequest(), callback);
+        Network network = null;
+        try {
+            network = callback.waitForAvailable();
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            fail("NetworkCallback wait was interrupted.");
+        } finally {
+            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
+        }
+        assertNotNull("Cannot find Network for wifi. Is wifi connected?", network);
+        return network;
+    }
+
+    public Network connectToCell() throws InterruptedException {
+        if (cellConnectAttempted()) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Already connected");
+        }
+        NetworkRequest cellRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .build();
+        mCellNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.requestNetwork(cellRequest, mCellNetworkCallback);
+        final Network cellNetwork = mCellNetworkCallback.waitForAvailable();
+        assertNotNull("Cell network not available. " +
+                "Please ensure the device has working mobile data.", cellNetwork);
+        return cellNetwork;
+    }
+
+    public void disconnectFromCell() {
+        if (!cellConnectAttempted()) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Cell connection not attempted");
+        }
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(mCellNetworkCallback);
+        mCellNetworkCallback = null;
+    }
+
+    public boolean cellConnectAttempted() {
+        return mCellNetworkCallback != null;
+    }
+
+    public void tearDown() {
+        if (cellConnectAttempted()) {
+            disconnectFromCell();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private NetworkRequest makeWifiNetworkRequest() {
+        return new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                .build();
+    }
+
+    private void testHttpRequest(Socket s) throws IOException {
+        OutputStream out = s.getOutputStream();
+        InputStream in = s.getInputStream();
+
+        final byte[] requestBytes = HTTP_REQUEST.getBytes("UTF-8");
+        byte[] responseBytes = new byte[4096];
+        out.write(requestBytes);
+        in.read(responseBytes);
+        assertTrue(new String(responseBytes, "UTF-8").startsWith("HTTP/1.0 204 No Content\r\n"));
+    }
+
+    private Socket getBoundSocket(Network network, String host, int port) throws IOException {
+        InetSocketAddress addr = new InetSocketAddress(host, port);
+        Socket s = network.getSocketFactory().createSocket();
+        try {
+            s.setSoTimeout(SOCKET_TIMEOUT_MS);
+            s.connect(addr, SOCKET_TIMEOUT_MS);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            s.close();
+            throw e;
+        }
+        return s;
+    }
+
+    public void storePrivateDnsSetting() {
+        mOldPrivateDnsMode = ConnectivitySettingsUtils.getPrivateDnsMode(mContext);
+        mOldPrivateDnsSpecifier = ConnectivitySettingsUtils.getPrivateDnsHostname(mContext);
+    }
+
+    public void restorePrivateDnsSetting() throws InterruptedException {
+        if (mOldPrivateDnsMode == 0) {
+            fail("restorePrivateDnsSetting without storing settings first");
+        }
+
+        if (mOldPrivateDnsMode != ConnectivitySettingsUtils.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_PROVIDER_HOSTNAME) {
+            // Also restore hostname even if the value is not used since private dns is not in
+            // the strict mode to prevent setting being changed after test.
+            ConnectivitySettingsUtils.setPrivateDnsHostname(mContext, mOldPrivateDnsSpecifier);
+            ConnectivitySettingsUtils.setPrivateDnsMode(mContext, mOldPrivateDnsMode);
+            return;
+        }
+        // restore private DNS setting
+        // In case of invalid setting, set to opportunistic to avoid a bad state and fail
+        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(mOldPrivateDnsSpecifier)) {
+            ConnectivitySettingsUtils.setPrivateDnsMode(mContext,
+                    ConnectivitySettingsUtils.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC);
+            fail("Invalid private DNS setting: no hostname specified in strict mode");
+        }
+        setPrivateDnsStrictMode(mOldPrivateDnsSpecifier);
+
+        // There might be a race before private DNS setting is applied and the next test is
+        // running. So waiting private DNS to be validated can reduce the flaky rate of test.
+        awaitPrivateDnsSetting("restorePrivateDnsSetting timeout",
+                mCm.getActiveNetwork(),
+                mOldPrivateDnsSpecifier, true /* requiresValidatedServer */);
+    }
+
+    public void setPrivateDnsStrictMode(String server) {
+        // To reduce flake rate, set PRIVATE_DNS_SPECIFIER before PRIVATE_DNS_MODE. This ensures
+        // that if the previous private DNS mode was not strict, the system only sees one
+        // EVENT_PRIVATE_DNS_SETTINGS_CHANGED event instead of two.
+        ConnectivitySettingsUtils.setPrivateDnsHostname(mContext, server);
+        final int mode = ConnectivitySettingsUtils.getPrivateDnsMode(mContext);
+        // If current private DNS mode is strict, we only need to set PRIVATE_DNS_SPECIFIER.
+        if (mode != ConnectivitySettingsUtils.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_PROVIDER_HOSTNAME) {
+            ConnectivitySettingsUtils.setPrivateDnsMode(mContext,
+                    ConnectivitySettingsUtils.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_PROVIDER_HOSTNAME);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Waiting for the new private DNS setting to be validated.
+     * This method is helpful when the new private DNS setting is configured and ensure the new
+     * setting is applied and workable. It can also reduce the flaky rate when the next test is
+     * running.
+     *
+     * @param msg A message that will be printed when the validation of private DNS is timeout.
+     * @param network A network which will apply the new private DNS setting.
+     * @param server The hostname of private DNS.
+     * @param requiresValidatedServer A boolean to decide if it's needed to wait private DNS to be
+     *                                 validated or not.
+     * @throws InterruptedException If the thread is interrupted.
+     */
+    public void awaitPrivateDnsSetting(@NonNull String msg, @NonNull Network network,
+            @NonNull String server, boolean requiresValidatedServer) throws InterruptedException {
+        final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder().clearCapabilities().build();
+        NetworkCallback callback = new NetworkCallback() {
+            @Override
+            public void onLinkPropertiesChanged(Network n, LinkProperties lp) {
+                Log.i(TAG, "Link properties of network " + n + " changed to " + lp);
+                if (requiresValidatedServer && lp.getValidatedPrivateDnsServers().isEmpty()) {
+                    return;
+                }
+                if (network.equals(n) && server.equals(lp.getPrivateDnsServerName())) {
+                    latch.countDown();
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(request, callback);
+        assertTrue(msg, latch.await(PRIVATE_DNS_SETTING_TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
+        // Wait some time for NetworkMonitor's private DNS probe to complete. If we do not do
+        // this, then the test could complete before the NetworkMonitor private DNS probe
+        // completes. This would result in tearDown disabling private DNS, and the NetworkMonitor
+        // private DNS probe getting stuck because there are no longer any private DNS servers to
+        // query. This then results in the next test not being able to change the private DNS
+        // setting within the timeout, because the NetworkMonitor thread is blocked in the
+        // private DNS probe. There is no way to know when the probe has completed: because the
+        // network is likely already validated, there is no callback that we can listen to, so
+        // just sleep.
+        if (requiresValidatedServer) {
+            Thread.sleep(PRIVATE_DNS_PROBE_MS);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Receiver that captures the last connectivity change's network type and state. Recognizes
+     * both {@code CONNECTIVITY_ACTION} and {@code NETWORK_CALLBACK_ACTION} intents.
+     */
+    public static class ConnectivityActionReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
+
+        private final CountDownLatch mReceiveLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+
+        private final int mNetworkType;
+        private final NetworkInfo.State mNetState;
+        private final ConnectivityManager mCm;
+
+        public ConnectivityActionReceiver(ConnectivityManager cm, int networkType,
+                NetworkInfo.State netState) {
+            this.mCm = cm;
+            mNetworkType = networkType;
+            mNetState = netState;
+        }
+
+        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+            String action = intent.getAction();
+            NetworkInfo networkInfo = null;
+
+            // When receiving ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION, the NetworkInfo parcelable
+            // is stored in EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO. With a NETWORK_CALLBACK_ACTION, the Network is
+            // sent in EXTRA_NETWORK and we need to ask the ConnectivityManager for the NetworkInfo.
+            if (ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION.equals(action)) {
+                networkInfo = intent.getExtras()
+                        .getParcelable(ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO);
+                assertNotNull("ConnectivityActionReceiver expected EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO",
+                        networkInfo);
+            } else if (NETWORK_CALLBACK_ACTION.equals(action)) {
+                Network network = intent.getExtras()
+                        .getParcelable(ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_NETWORK);
+                assertNotNull("ConnectivityActionReceiver expected EXTRA_NETWORK", network);
+                networkInfo = this.mCm.getNetworkInfo(network);
+                if (networkInfo == null) {
+                    // When disconnecting, it seems like we get an intent sent with an invalid
+                    // Network; that is, by the time we call ConnectivityManager.getNetworkInfo(),
+                    // it is invalid. Ignore these.
+                    Log.i(TAG, "ConnectivityActionReceiver NETWORK_CALLBACK_ACTION ignoring "
+                            + "invalid network");
+                    return;
+                }
+            } else {
+                fail("ConnectivityActionReceiver received unxpected intent action: " + action);
+            }
+
+            assertNotNull("ConnectivityActionReceiver didn't find NetworkInfo", networkInfo);
+            int networkType = networkInfo.getType();
+            State networkState = networkInfo.getState();
+            Log.i(TAG, "Network type: " + networkType + " state: " + networkState);
+            if (networkType == mNetworkType && networkInfo.getState() == mNetState) {
+                mReceiveLatch.countDown();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public boolean waitForState() throws InterruptedException {
+            return mReceiveLatch.await(CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE_TIMEOUT_SECS, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Callback used in testRegisterNetworkCallback that allows caller to block on
+     * {@code onAvailable}.
+     */
+    public static class TestNetworkCallback extends ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback {
+        private final ConditionVariable mAvailableCv = new ConditionVariable(false);
+        private final CountDownLatch mLostLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        private final CountDownLatch mUnavailableLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+
+        public Network currentNetwork;
+        public Network lastLostNetwork;
+
+        /**
+         * Wait for a network to be available.
+         *
+         * If onAvailable was previously called but was followed by onLost, this will wait for the
+         * next available network.
+         */
+        public Network waitForAvailable() throws InterruptedException {
+            final long timeoutMs = TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE_TIMEOUT_SECS);
+            while (mAvailableCv.block(timeoutMs)) {
+                final Network n = currentNetwork;
+                if (n != null) return n;
+                Log.w(TAG, "onAvailable called but network was lost before it could be returned."
+                        + " Waiting for the next call to onAvailable.");
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public Network waitForLost() throws InterruptedException {
+            return mLostLatch.await(CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE_TIMEOUT_SECS, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
+                    ? lastLostNetwork : null;
+        }
+
+        public boolean waitForUnavailable() throws InterruptedException {
+            return mUnavailableLatch.await(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onAvailable(Network network) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "CtsNetUtils TestNetworkCallback onAvailable " + network);
+            currentNetwork = network;
+            mAvailableCv.open();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onLost(Network network) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "CtsNetUtils TestNetworkCallback onLost " + network);
+            lastLostNetwork = network;
+            if (network.equals(currentNetwork)) {
+                mAvailableCv.close();
+                currentNetwork = null;
+            }
+            mLostLatch.countDown();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onUnavailable() {
+            mUnavailableLatch.countDown();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsTetheringUtils.java b/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsTetheringUtils.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c5372d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsTetheringUtils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,523 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts.util;
+
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_FAILED;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STARTED;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STOPPED;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
+
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.IntentFilter;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.TetheredClient;
+import android.net.TetheringInterface;
+import android.net.TetheringManager;
+import android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringEventCallback;
+import android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringInterfaceRegexps;
+import android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest;
+import android.net.wifi.WifiClient;
+import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
+import android.net.wifi.WifiManager.SoftApCallback;
+import android.os.ConditionVariable;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil;
+import com.android.net.module.util.ArrayTrackRecord;
+
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+public final class CtsTetheringUtils {
+    private TetheringManager mTm;
+    private WifiManager mWm;
+    private Context mContext;
+
+    private static final int DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS = 60_000;
+
+    public CtsTetheringUtils(Context ctx) {
+        mContext = ctx;
+        mTm = mContext.getSystemService(TetheringManager.class);
+        mWm = mContext.getSystemService(WifiManager.class);
+    }
+
+    public static class StartTetheringCallback implements TetheringManager.StartTetheringCallback {
+        private static int TIMEOUT_MS = 30_000;
+        public static class CallbackValue {
+            public final int error;
+
+            private CallbackValue(final int e) {
+                error = e;
+            }
+
+            public static class OnTetheringStarted extends CallbackValue {
+                OnTetheringStarted() { super(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR); }
+            }
+
+            public static class OnTetheringFailed extends CallbackValue {
+                OnTetheringFailed(final int error) { super(error); }
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public String toString() {
+                return String.format("%s(%d)", getClass().getSimpleName(), error);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private final ArrayTrackRecord<CallbackValue>.ReadHead mHistory =
+                new ArrayTrackRecord<CallbackValue>().newReadHead();
+
+        @Override
+        public void onTetheringStarted() {
+            mHistory.add(new CallbackValue.OnTetheringStarted());
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onTetheringFailed(final int error) {
+            mHistory.add(new CallbackValue.OnTetheringFailed(error));
+        }
+
+        public void verifyTetheringStarted() {
+            final CallbackValue cv = mHistory.poll(TIMEOUT_MS, c -> true);
+            assertNotNull("No onTetheringStarted after " + TIMEOUT_MS + " ms", cv);
+            assertTrue("Fail start tethering:" + cv,
+                    cv instanceof CallbackValue.OnTetheringStarted);
+        }
+
+        public void expectTetheringFailed(final int expected) throws InterruptedException {
+            final CallbackValue cv = mHistory.poll(TIMEOUT_MS, c -> true);
+            assertNotNull("No onTetheringFailed after " + TIMEOUT_MS + " ms", cv);
+            assertTrue("Expect fail with error code " + expected + ", but received: " + cv,
+                    (cv instanceof CallbackValue.OnTetheringFailed) && (cv.error == expected));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isRegexMatch(final String[] ifaceRegexs, String iface) {
+        if (ifaceRegexs == null) fail("ifaceRegexs should not be null");
+
+        for (String regex : ifaceRegexs) {
+            if (iface.matches(regex)) return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isAnyIfaceMatch(final String[] ifaceRegexs, final List<String> ifaces) {
+        if (ifaces == null) return false;
+
+        for (String s : ifaces) {
+            if (isRegexMatch(ifaceRegexs, s)) return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private static TetheringInterface getFirstMatchingTetheringInterface(final List<String> regexs,
+            final int type, final Set<TetheringInterface> ifaces) {
+        if (ifaces == null || regexs == null) return null;
+
+        final String[] regexArray = regexs.toArray(new String[0]);
+        for (TetheringInterface iface : ifaces) {
+            if (isRegexMatch(regexArray, iface.getInterface()) && type == iface.getType()) {
+                return iface;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    // Must poll the callback before looking at the member.
+    public static class TestTetheringEventCallback implements TetheringEventCallback {
+        private static final int TIMEOUT_MS = 30_000;
+
+        public enum CallbackType {
+            ON_SUPPORTED,
+            ON_UPSTREAM,
+            ON_TETHERABLE_REGEX,
+            ON_TETHERABLE_IFACES,
+            ON_TETHERED_IFACES,
+            ON_ERROR,
+            ON_CLIENTS,
+            ON_OFFLOAD_STATUS,
+        };
+
+        public static class CallbackValue {
+            public final CallbackType callbackType;
+            public final Object callbackParam;
+            public final int callbackParam2;
+
+            private CallbackValue(final CallbackType type, final Object param, final int param2) {
+                this.callbackType = type;
+                this.callbackParam = param;
+                this.callbackParam2 = param2;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private final ArrayTrackRecord<CallbackValue> mHistory =
+                new ArrayTrackRecord<CallbackValue>();
+
+        private final ArrayTrackRecord<CallbackValue>.ReadHead mCurrent =
+                mHistory.newReadHead();
+
+        private TetheringInterfaceRegexps mTetherableRegex;
+        private List<String> mTetherableIfaces;
+        private List<String> mTetheredIfaces;
+        private String mErrorIface;
+        private int mErrorCode;
+
+        @Override
+        public void onTetheringSupported(boolean supported) {
+            mHistory.add(new CallbackValue(CallbackType.ON_SUPPORTED, null, (supported ? 1 : 0)));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onUpstreamChanged(Network network) {
+            mHistory.add(new CallbackValue(CallbackType.ON_UPSTREAM, network, 0));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onTetherableInterfaceRegexpsChanged(TetheringInterfaceRegexps reg) {
+            mTetherableRegex = reg;
+            mHistory.add(new CallbackValue(CallbackType.ON_TETHERABLE_REGEX, reg, 0));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onTetherableInterfacesChanged(List<String> interfaces) {
+            mTetherableIfaces = interfaces;
+        }
+        // Call the interface default implementation, which will call
+        // onTetherableInterfacesChanged(List<String>). This ensures that the default implementation
+        // of the new callback method calls the old callback method and avoids the need to convert
+        // Set<TetheringInterface> to List<String> in this code.
+        @Override
+        public void onTetherableInterfacesChanged(Set<TetheringInterface> interfaces) {
+            TetheringEventCallback.super.onTetherableInterfacesChanged(interfaces);
+            assertHasAllTetheringInterfaces(interfaces, mTetherableIfaces);
+            mHistory.add(new CallbackValue(CallbackType.ON_TETHERABLE_IFACES, interfaces, 0));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onTetheredInterfacesChanged(List<String> interfaces) {
+            mTetheredIfaces = interfaces;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onTetheredInterfacesChanged(Set<TetheringInterface> interfaces) {
+            TetheringEventCallback.super.onTetheredInterfacesChanged(interfaces);
+            assertHasAllTetheringInterfaces(interfaces, mTetheredIfaces);
+            mHistory.add(new CallbackValue(CallbackType.ON_TETHERED_IFACES, interfaces, 0));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onError(String ifName, int error) {
+            mErrorIface = ifName;
+            mErrorCode = error;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onError(TetheringInterface ifName, int error) {
+            TetheringEventCallback.super.onError(ifName, error);
+            assertEquals(ifName.getInterface(), mErrorIface);
+            assertEquals(error, mErrorCode);
+            mHistory.add(new CallbackValue(CallbackType.ON_ERROR, ifName, error));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onClientsChanged(Collection<TetheredClient> clients) {
+            mHistory.add(new CallbackValue(CallbackType.ON_CLIENTS, clients, 0));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onOffloadStatusChanged(int status) {
+            mHistory.add(new CallbackValue(CallbackType.ON_OFFLOAD_STATUS, status, 0));
+        }
+
+        private void assertHasAllTetheringInterfaces(Set<TetheringInterface> tetheringIfaces,
+                List<String> ifaces) {
+            // This does not check that the interfaces are the same. This checks that the
+            // List<String> has all the interface names contained by the Set<TetheringInterface>.
+            assertEquals(tetheringIfaces.size(), ifaces.size());
+            for (TetheringInterface tether : tetheringIfaces) {
+                assertTrue("iface " + tether.getInterface()
+                        + " seen by new callback but not old callback",
+                        ifaces.contains(tether.getInterface()));
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void expectTetherableInterfacesChanged(@NonNull final List<String> regexs,
+                final int type) {
+            assertNotNull("No expected tetherable ifaces callback", mCurrent.poll(TIMEOUT_MS,
+                (cv) -> {
+                    if (cv.callbackType != CallbackType.ON_TETHERABLE_IFACES) return false;
+                    final Set<TetheringInterface> interfaces =
+                            (Set<TetheringInterface>) cv.callbackParam;
+                    return getFirstMatchingTetheringInterface(regexs, type, interfaces) != null;
+                }));
+        }
+
+        public void expectNoTetheringActive() {
+            assertNotNull("At least one tethering type unexpectedly active",
+                    mCurrent.poll(TIMEOUT_MS, (cv) -> {
+                        if (cv.callbackType != CallbackType.ON_TETHERED_IFACES) return false;
+
+                        return ((Set<TetheringInterface>) cv.callbackParam).isEmpty();
+                    }));
+        }
+
+        public TetheringInterface expectTetheredInterfacesChanged(
+                @NonNull final List<String> regexs, final int type) {
+            while (true) {
+                final CallbackValue cv = mCurrent.poll(TIMEOUT_MS, c -> true);
+                if (cv == null) {
+                    fail("No expected tethered ifaces callback, expected type: " + type);
+                }
+
+                if (cv.callbackType != CallbackType.ON_TETHERED_IFACES) continue;
+
+                final Set<TetheringInterface> interfaces =
+                        (Set<TetheringInterface>) cv.callbackParam;
+
+                final TetheringInterface iface =
+                        getFirstMatchingTetheringInterface(regexs, type, interfaces);
+
+                if (iface != null) return iface;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void expectCallbackStarted() {
+            // This method uses its own readhead because it just check whether last tethering status
+            // is updated after TetheringEventCallback get registered but do not check content
+            // of received callbacks. Using shared readhead (mCurrent) only when the callbacks the
+            // method polled is also not necessary for other methods which using shared readhead.
+            // All of methods using mCurrent is order mattered.
+            final ArrayTrackRecord<CallbackValue>.ReadHead history =
+                    mHistory.newReadHead();
+            int receivedBitMap = 0;
+            // The each bit represent a type from CallbackType.ON_*.
+            // Expect all of callbacks except for ON_ERROR.
+            final int expectedBitMap = 0xff ^ (1 << CallbackType.ON_ERROR.ordinal());
+            // Receive ON_ERROR on started callback is not matter. It just means tethering is
+            // failed last time, should able to continue the test this time.
+            while ((receivedBitMap & expectedBitMap) != expectedBitMap) {
+                final CallbackValue cv = history.poll(TIMEOUT_MS, c -> true);
+                if (cv == null) {
+                    fail("No expected callbacks, " + "expected bitmap: "
+                            + expectedBitMap + ", actual: " + receivedBitMap);
+                }
+
+                receivedBitMap |= (1 << cv.callbackType.ordinal());
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void expectOneOfOffloadStatusChanged(int... offloadStatuses) {
+            assertNotNull("No offload status changed", mCurrent.poll(TIMEOUT_MS, (cv) -> {
+                if (cv.callbackType != CallbackType.ON_OFFLOAD_STATUS) return false;
+
+                final int status = (int) cv.callbackParam;
+                for (int offloadStatus : offloadStatuses) {
+                    if (offloadStatus == status) return true;
+                }
+
+                return false;
+            }));
+        }
+
+        public void expectErrorOrTethered(final TetheringInterface iface) {
+            assertNotNull("No expected callback", mCurrent.poll(TIMEOUT_MS, (cv) -> {
+                if (cv.callbackType == CallbackType.ON_ERROR
+                        && iface.equals((TetheringInterface) cv.callbackParam)) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+                if (cv.callbackType == CallbackType.ON_TETHERED_IFACES
+                        && ((Set<TetheringInterface>) cv.callbackParam).contains(iface)) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+
+                return false;
+            }));
+        }
+
+        public Network getCurrentValidUpstream() {
+            final CallbackValue result = mCurrent.poll(TIMEOUT_MS, (cv) -> {
+                return (cv.callbackType == CallbackType.ON_UPSTREAM)
+                        && cv.callbackParam != null;
+            });
+
+            assertNotNull("No valid upstream", result);
+            return (Network) result.callbackParam;
+        }
+
+        public void assumeTetheringSupported() {
+            final ArrayTrackRecord<CallbackValue>.ReadHead history =
+                    mHistory.newReadHead();
+            assertNotNull("No onSupported callback", history.poll(TIMEOUT_MS, (cv) -> {
+                if (cv.callbackType != CallbackType.ON_SUPPORTED) return false;
+
+                assumeTrue(cv.callbackParam2 == 1 /* supported */);
+                return true;
+            }));
+        }
+
+        public void assumeWifiTetheringSupported(final Context ctx) throws Exception {
+            assumeTetheringSupported();
+
+            assumeTrue(!getTetheringInterfaceRegexps().getTetherableWifiRegexs().isEmpty());
+            assumeTrue(isPortableHotspotSupported(ctx));
+        }
+
+        public TetheringInterfaceRegexps getTetheringInterfaceRegexps() {
+            return mTetherableRegex;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void waitForWifiEnabled(final Context ctx) throws Exception {
+        WifiManager wm = ctx.getSystemService(WifiManager.class);
+        if (wm.isWifiEnabled()) return;
+
+        final ConditionVariable mWaiting = new ConditionVariable();
+        final BroadcastReceiver receiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
+            @Override
+            public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+                String action = intent.getAction();
+                if (WifiManager.WIFI_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION.equals(action)) {
+                    if (wm.isWifiEnabled()) mWaiting.open();
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        try {
+            ctx.registerReceiver(receiver, new IntentFilter(WifiManager.WIFI_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION));
+            if (!mWaiting.block(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS)) {
+                assertTrue("Wifi did not become enabled after " + DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS + "ms",
+                        wm.isWifiEnabled());
+            }
+        } finally {
+            ctx.unregisterReceiver(receiver);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public TestTetheringEventCallback registerTetheringEventCallback() {
+        final TestTetheringEventCallback tetherEventCallback =
+                new TestTetheringEventCallback();
+
+        mTm.registerTetheringEventCallback(c -> c.run() /* executor */, tetherEventCallback);
+        tetherEventCallback.expectCallbackStarted();
+
+        return tetherEventCallback;
+    }
+
+    public void unregisterTetheringEventCallback(final TestTetheringEventCallback callback) {
+        mTm.unregisterTetheringEventCallback(callback);
+    }
+
+    private static List<String> getWifiTetherableInterfaceRegexps(
+            final TestTetheringEventCallback callback) {
+        return callback.getTetheringInterfaceRegexps().getTetherableWifiRegexs();
+    }
+
+    /* Returns if wifi supports hotspot. */
+    private static boolean isPortableHotspotSupported(final Context ctx) throws Exception {
+        final PackageManager pm = ctx.getPackageManager();
+        if (!pm.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI)) return false;
+        final WifiManager wm = ctx.getSystemService(WifiManager.class);
+        // Wifi feature flags only work when wifi is on.
+        final boolean previousWifiEnabledState = wm.isWifiEnabled();
+        try {
+            if (!previousWifiEnabledState) SystemUtil.runShellCommand("svc wifi enable");
+            waitForWifiEnabled(ctx);
+            return wm.isPortableHotspotSupported();
+        } finally {
+            if (!previousWifiEnabledState) SystemUtil.runShellCommand("svc wifi disable");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public TetheringInterface startWifiTethering(final TestTetheringEventCallback callback)
+            throws InterruptedException {
+        final List<String> wifiRegexs = getWifiTetherableInterfaceRegexps(callback);
+
+        final StartTetheringCallback startTetheringCallback = new StartTetheringCallback();
+        final TetheringRequest request = new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_WIFI)
+                .setShouldShowEntitlementUi(false).build();
+        mTm.startTethering(request, c -> c.run() /* executor */, startTetheringCallback);
+        startTetheringCallback.verifyTetheringStarted();
+
+        final TetheringInterface iface =
+                callback.expectTetheredInterfacesChanged(wifiRegexs, TETHERING_WIFI);
+
+        callback.expectOneOfOffloadStatusChanged(
+                TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STARTED,
+                TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_FAILED);
+
+        return iface;
+    }
+
+    private static class StopSoftApCallback implements SoftApCallback {
+        private final ConditionVariable mWaiting = new ConditionVariable();
+        @Override
+        public void onStateChanged(int state, int failureReason) {
+            if (state == WifiManager.WIFI_AP_STATE_DISABLED) mWaiting.open();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onConnectedClientsChanged(List<WifiClient> clients) { }
+
+        public void waitForSoftApStopped() {
+            if (!mWaiting.block(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS)) {
+                fail("stopSoftAp Timeout");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Wait for softAp to be disabled. This is necessary on devices where stopping softAp
+    // deletes the interface. On these devices, tethering immediately stops when the softAp
+    // interface is removed, but softAp is not yet fully disabled. Wait for softAp to be
+    // fully disabled, because otherwise the next test might fail because it attempts to
+    // start softAp before it's fully stopped.
+    public void expectSoftApDisabled() {
+        final StopSoftApCallback callback = new StopSoftApCallback();
+        try {
+            mWm.registerSoftApCallback(c -> c.run(), callback);
+            // registerSoftApCallback will immediately call the callback with the current state, so
+            // this callback will fire even if softAp is already disabled.
+            callback.waitForSoftApStopped();
+        } finally {
+            mWm.unregisterSoftApCallback(callback);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void stopWifiTethering(final TestTetheringEventCallback callback) {
+        mTm.stopTethering(TETHERING_WIFI);
+        expectSoftApDisabled();
+        callback.expectNoTetheringActive();
+        callback.expectOneOfOffloadStatusChanged(TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STOPPED);
+    }
+
+    public void stopAllTethering() {
+        mTm.stopAllTethering();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/tethering/Android.bp b/tests/cts/tethering/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e9c4e5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/tethering/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+java_defaults {
+    name: "CtsTetheringTestDefaults",
+    defaults: ["cts_defaults"],
+
+    libs: [
+        "android.test.base",
+    ],
+
+    srcs: [
+        "src/**/*.java",
+    ],
+
+    static_libs: [
+        "TetheringCommonTests",
+        "compatibility-device-util-axt",
+        "cts-net-utils",
+        "net-tests-utils",
+        "ctstestrunner-axt",
+        "junit",
+        "junit-params",
+    ],
+
+    jni_libs: [
+        // For mockito extended
+        "libdexmakerjvmtiagent",
+        "libstaticjvmtiagent",
+    ],
+
+    // Change to system current when TetheringManager move to bootclass path.
+    platform_apis: true,
+}
+
+// Tethering CTS tests that target the latest released SDK. These tests can be installed on release
+// devices which has equal or lowner sdk version than target sdk and are useful for qualifying
+// mainline modules on release devices.
+android_test {
+    name: "CtsTetheringTestLatestSdk",
+    defaults: ["CtsTetheringTestDefaults"],
+
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+    target_sdk_version: "30",
+
+    static_libs: [
+        "TetheringIntegrationTestsLatestSdkLib",
+    ],
+
+    test_suites: [
+        "general-tests",
+        "mts-tethering",
+    ],
+
+    test_config_template: "AndroidTestTemplate.xml",
+
+    // Include both the 32 and 64 bit versions
+    compile_multilib: "both",
+    jarjar_rules: ":NetworkStackJarJarRules",
+}
+
+// Tethering CTS tests for development and release. These tests always target the platform SDK
+// version, and are subject to all the restrictions appropriate to that version. Before SDK
+// finalization, these tests have a min_sdk_version of 10000, and cannot be installed on release
+// devices.
+android_test {
+    name: "CtsTetheringTest",
+    defaults: ["CtsTetheringTestDefaults"],
+
+    static_libs: [
+        "TetheringIntegrationTestsLib",
+    ],
+
+    // Tag this module as a cts test artifact
+    test_suites: [
+        "cts",
+        "general-tests",
+    ],
+
+    test_config_template: "AndroidTestTemplate.xml",
+
+    // Include both the 32 and 64 bit versions
+    compile_multilib: "both",
+    jarjar_rules: ":NetworkStackJarJarRules",
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/tethering/AndroidManifest.xml b/tests/cts/tethering/AndroidManifest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..911dbf2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/tethering/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!--
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    package="android.tethering.cts">
+
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE" />
+
+    <application android:debuggable="true">
+        <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />
+    </application>
+    <instrumentation android:name="androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
+                     android:targetPackage="android.tethering.cts"
+                     android:label="CTS tests of android.tethering">
+        <meta-data android:name="listener"
+            android:value="com.android.cts.runner.CtsTestRunListener" />
+    </instrumentation>
+
+</manifest>
diff --git a/tests/cts/tethering/AndroidTestTemplate.xml b/tests/cts/tethering/AndroidTestTemplate.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..491b004
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/tethering/AndroidTestTemplate.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+<configuration description="Config for {MODULE}">
+    <option name="test-suite-tag" value="cts" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="component" value="networking" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="token" value="SIM_CARD" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="not_instant_app" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="not_multi_abi" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="secondary_user" />
+    <option name="not-shardable" value="true" />
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.suite.SuiteApkInstaller">
+        <option name="cleanup-apks" value="true" />
+        <option name="test-file-name" value="{MODULE}.apk" />
+    </target_preparer>
+    <test class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.AndroidJUnitTest" >
+        <option name="package" value="android.tethering.cts" />
+    </test>
+
+    <object type="module_controller" class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.suite.module.MainlineTestModuleController">
+        <option name="mainline-module-package-name" value="com.google.android.tethering" />
+    </object>
+</configuration>
diff --git a/tests/cts/tethering/src/android/tethering/cts/TetheringManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/tethering/src/android/tethering/cts/TetheringManagerTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd1b74a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/tethering/src/android/tethering/cts/TetheringManagerTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,467 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.tethering.test;
+
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_TELEPHONY;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_DUN;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_USB;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI_P2P;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKNOWN;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+import static android.net.cts.util.CtsTetheringUtils.isAnyIfaceMatch;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
+
+import android.app.UiAutomation;
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.IntentFilter;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.TetheringInterface;
+import android.net.TetheringManager;
+import android.net.TetheringManager.OnTetheringEntitlementResultListener;
+import android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringInterfaceRegexps;
+import android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest;
+import android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils;
+import android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils.TestNetworkCallback;
+import android.net.cts.util.CtsTetheringUtils;
+import android.net.cts.util.CtsTetheringUtils.StartTetheringCallback;
+import android.net.cts.util.CtsTetheringUtils.TestTetheringEventCallback;
+import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.os.PersistableBundle;
+import android.os.ResultReceiver;
+import android.telephony.CarrierConfigManager;
+import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager;
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
+
+import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+public class TetheringManagerTest {
+
+    private Context mContext;
+
+    private ConnectivityManager mCm;
+    private TetheringManager mTM;
+    private WifiManager mWm;
+    private PackageManager mPm;
+
+    private TetherChangeReceiver mTetherChangeReceiver;
+    private CtsNetUtils mCtsNetUtils;
+    private CtsTetheringUtils mCtsTetheringUtils;
+
+    private static final int DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS = 60_000;
+
+    private void adoptShellPermissionIdentity() {
+        final UiAutomation uiAutomation =
+                InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getUiAutomation();
+        uiAutomation.adoptShellPermissionIdentity();
+    }
+
+    private void dropShellPermissionIdentity() {
+        final UiAutomation uiAutomation =
+                InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getUiAutomation();
+        uiAutomation.dropShellPermissionIdentity();
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        adoptShellPermissionIdentity();
+        mContext = InstrumentationRegistry.getContext();
+        mCm = (ConnectivityManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
+        mTM = (TetheringManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.TETHERING_SERVICE);
+        mWm = (WifiManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);
+        mPm = mContext.getPackageManager();
+        mCtsNetUtils = new CtsNetUtils(mContext);
+        mCtsTetheringUtils = new CtsTetheringUtils(mContext);
+        mTetherChangeReceiver = new TetherChangeReceiver();
+        final IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(
+                TetheringManager.ACTION_TETHER_STATE_CHANGED);
+        final Intent intent = mContext.registerReceiver(mTetherChangeReceiver, filter);
+        if (intent != null) mTetherChangeReceiver.onReceive(null, intent);
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        mTM.stopAllTethering();
+        mContext.unregisterReceiver(mTetherChangeReceiver);
+        dropShellPermissionIdentity();
+    }
+
+    private class TetherChangeReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
+        private class TetherState {
+            final ArrayList<String> mAvailable;
+            final ArrayList<String> mActive;
+            final ArrayList<String> mErrored;
+
+            TetherState(Intent intent) {
+                mAvailable = intent.getStringArrayListExtra(
+                        TetheringManager.EXTRA_AVAILABLE_TETHER);
+                mActive = intent.getStringArrayListExtra(
+                        TetheringManager.EXTRA_ACTIVE_TETHER);
+                mErrored = intent.getStringArrayListExtra(
+                        TetheringManager.EXTRA_ERRORED_TETHER);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onReceive(Context content, Intent intent) {
+            String action = intent.getAction();
+            if (action.equals(TetheringManager.ACTION_TETHER_STATE_CHANGED)) {
+                mResult.add(new TetherState(intent));
+            }
+        }
+
+        public final LinkedBlockingQueue<TetherState> mResult = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();
+
+        // Expects that tethering reaches the desired state.
+        // - If active is true, expects that tethering is enabled on at least one interface
+        //   matching ifaceRegexs.
+        // - If active is false, expects that tethering is disabled on all the interfaces matching
+        //   ifaceRegexs.
+        // Fails if any interface matching ifaceRegexs becomes errored.
+        public void expectTethering(final boolean active, final String[] ifaceRegexs) {
+            while (true) {
+                final TetherState state = pollAndAssertNoError(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS, ifaceRegexs);
+                assertNotNull("Did not receive expected state change, active: " + active, state);
+
+                if (isIfaceActive(ifaceRegexs, state) == active) return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private TetherState pollAndAssertNoError(final int timeout, final String[] ifaceRegexs) {
+            final TetherState state = pollTetherState(timeout);
+            assertNoErroredIfaces(state, ifaceRegexs);
+            return state;
+        }
+
+        private TetherState pollTetherState(final int timeout) {
+            try {
+                return mResult.poll(timeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                fail("No result after " + timeout + " ms");
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private boolean isIfaceActive(final String[] ifaceRegexs, final TetherState state) {
+            return isAnyIfaceMatch(ifaceRegexs, state.mActive);
+        }
+
+        private void assertNoErroredIfaces(final TetherState state, final String[] ifaceRegexs) {
+            if (state == null || state.mErrored == null) return;
+
+            if (isAnyIfaceMatch(ifaceRegexs, state.mErrored)) {
+                fail("Found failed tethering interfaces: " + Arrays.toString(state.mErrored.toArray()));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartTetheringWithStateChangeBroadcast() throws Exception {
+        final TestTetheringEventCallback tetherEventCallback =
+                mCtsTetheringUtils.registerTetheringEventCallback();
+        try {
+            tetherEventCallback.assumeWifiTetheringSupported(mContext);
+        } finally {
+            mCtsTetheringUtils.unregisterTetheringEventCallback(tetherEventCallback);
+        }
+
+        final String[] wifiRegexs = mTM.getTetherableWifiRegexs();
+        final StartTetheringCallback startTetheringCallback = new StartTetheringCallback();
+        final TetheringRequest request = new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_WIFI)
+                .setShouldShowEntitlementUi(false).build();
+        mTM.startTethering(request, c -> c.run() /* executor */, startTetheringCallback);
+        startTetheringCallback.verifyTetheringStarted();
+
+        mTetherChangeReceiver.expectTethering(true /* active */, wifiRegexs);
+
+        mTM.stopTethering(TETHERING_WIFI);
+        mCtsTetheringUtils.expectSoftApDisabled();
+        mTetherChangeReceiver.expectTethering(false /* active */, wifiRegexs);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTetheringRequest() {
+        final TetheringRequest tr = new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_WIFI).build();
+        assertEquals(TETHERING_WIFI, tr.getTetheringType());
+        assertNull(tr.getLocalIpv4Address());
+        assertNull(tr.getClientStaticIpv4Address());
+        assertFalse(tr.isExemptFromEntitlementCheck());
+        assertTrue(tr.getShouldShowEntitlementUi());
+
+        final LinkAddress localAddr = new LinkAddress("192.168.24.5/24");
+        final LinkAddress clientAddr = new LinkAddress("192.168.24.100/24");
+        final TetheringRequest tr2 = new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_USB)
+                .setStaticIpv4Addresses(localAddr, clientAddr)
+                .setExemptFromEntitlementCheck(true)
+                .setShouldShowEntitlementUi(false).build();
+
+        assertEquals(localAddr, tr2.getLocalIpv4Address());
+        assertEquals(clientAddr, tr2.getClientStaticIpv4Address());
+        assertEquals(TETHERING_USB, tr2.getTetheringType());
+        assertTrue(tr2.isExemptFromEntitlementCheck());
+        assertFalse(tr2.getShouldShowEntitlementUi());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRegisterTetheringEventCallback() throws Exception {
+        final TestTetheringEventCallback tetherEventCallback =
+                mCtsTetheringUtils.registerTetheringEventCallback();
+
+        try {
+            tetherEventCallback.assumeWifiTetheringSupported(mContext);
+            tetherEventCallback.expectNoTetheringActive();
+
+            final TetheringInterface tetheredIface =
+                    mCtsTetheringUtils.startWifiTethering(tetherEventCallback);
+
+            assertNotNull(tetheredIface);
+            final String wifiTetheringIface = tetheredIface.getInterface();
+
+            mCtsTetheringUtils.stopWifiTethering(tetherEventCallback);
+
+            try {
+                final int ret = mTM.tether(wifiTetheringIface);
+                // There is no guarantee that the wifi interface will be available after disabling
+                // the hotspot, so don't fail the test if the call to tether() fails.
+                if (ret == TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR) {
+                    // If calling #tether successful, there is a callback to tell the result of
+                    // tethering setup.
+                    tetherEventCallback.expectErrorOrTethered(
+                            new TetheringInterface(TETHERING_WIFI, wifiTetheringIface));
+                }
+            } finally {
+                mTM.untether(wifiTetheringIface);
+            }
+        } finally {
+            mCtsTetheringUtils.unregisterTetheringEventCallback(tetherEventCallback);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetTetherableInterfaceRegexps() {
+        final TestTetheringEventCallback tetherEventCallback =
+                mCtsTetheringUtils.registerTetheringEventCallback();
+        tetherEventCallback.assumeTetheringSupported();
+
+        final TetheringInterfaceRegexps tetherableRegexs =
+                tetherEventCallback.getTetheringInterfaceRegexps();
+        final List<String> wifiRegexs = tetherableRegexs.getTetherableWifiRegexs();
+        final List<String> usbRegexs = tetherableRegexs.getTetherableUsbRegexs();
+        final List<String> btRegexs = tetherableRegexs.getTetherableBluetoothRegexs();
+
+        assertEquals(wifiRegexs, Arrays.asList(mTM.getTetherableWifiRegexs()));
+        assertEquals(usbRegexs, Arrays.asList(mTM.getTetherableUsbRegexs()));
+        assertEquals(btRegexs, Arrays.asList(mTM.getTetherableBluetoothRegexs()));
+
+        //Verify that any regex name should only contain in one array.
+        wifiRegexs.forEach(s -> assertFalse(usbRegexs.contains(s)));
+        wifiRegexs.forEach(s -> assertFalse(btRegexs.contains(s)));
+        usbRegexs.forEach(s -> assertFalse(btRegexs.contains(s)));
+
+        mCtsTetheringUtils.unregisterTetheringEventCallback(tetherEventCallback);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStopAllTethering() throws Exception {
+        final TestTetheringEventCallback tetherEventCallback =
+                mCtsTetheringUtils.registerTetheringEventCallback();
+        try {
+            tetherEventCallback.assumeWifiTetheringSupported(mContext);
+
+            // TODO: start ethernet tethering here when TetheringManagerTest is moved to
+            // TetheringIntegrationTest.
+
+            mCtsTetheringUtils.startWifiTethering(tetherEventCallback);
+
+            mTM.stopAllTethering();
+            tetherEventCallback.expectNoTetheringActive();
+        } finally {
+            mCtsTetheringUtils.unregisterTetheringEventCallback(tetherEventCallback);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEnableTetheringPermission() throws Exception {
+        dropShellPermissionIdentity();
+        final StartTetheringCallback startTetheringCallback = new StartTetheringCallback();
+        mTM.startTethering(new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_WIFI).build(),
+                c -> c.run() /* executor */, startTetheringCallback);
+        startTetheringCallback.expectTetheringFailed(TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION);
+    }
+
+    private class EntitlementResultListener implements OnTetheringEntitlementResultListener {
+        private final CompletableFuture<Integer> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
+
+        @Override
+        public void onTetheringEntitlementResult(int result) {
+            future.complete(result);
+        }
+
+        public int get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws Exception {
+            return future.get(timeout, unit);
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    private void assertEntitlementResult(final Consumer<EntitlementResultListener> functor,
+            final int expect) throws Exception {
+        final EntitlementResultListener listener = new EntitlementResultListener();
+        functor.accept(listener);
+
+        assertEquals(expect, listener.get(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRequestLatestEntitlementResult() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mTM.isTetheringSupported());
+        assumeTrue(mPm.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_TELEPHONY));
+        // Verify that requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult() can get entitlement
+        // result(TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKNOWN due to invalid downstream type) via listener.
+        assertEntitlementResult(listener -> mTM.requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(
+                TETHERING_WIFI_P2P, false, c -> c.run(), listener),
+                TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKNOWN);
+
+        // Verify that requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult() can get entitlement
+        // result(TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKNOWN due to invalid downstream type) via receiver.
+        assertEntitlementResult(listener -> mTM.requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(
+                TETHERING_WIFI_P2P,
+                new ResultReceiver(null /* handler */) {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onReceiveResult(int resultCode, Bundle resultData) {
+                        listener.onTetheringEntitlementResult(resultCode);
+                    }
+                }, false),
+                TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKNOWN);
+
+        // Do not request TETHERING_WIFI entitlement result if TETHERING_WIFI is not available.
+        assumeTrue(mTM.getTetherableWifiRegexs().length > 0);
+
+        // Verify that null listener will cause IllegalArgumentException.
+        try {
+            mTM.requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(
+                    TETHERING_WIFI, false, c -> c.run(), null);
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expect) { }
+
+        // Override carrier config to ignore entitlement check.
+        final PersistableBundle bundle = new PersistableBundle();
+        bundle.putBoolean(CarrierConfigManager.KEY_REQUIRE_ENTITLEMENT_CHECKS_BOOL, false);
+        overrideCarrierConfig(bundle);
+
+        // Verify that requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult() can get entitlement
+        // result TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR due to provisioning bypassed.
+        assertEntitlementResult(listener -> mTM.requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(
+                TETHERING_WIFI, false, c -> c.run(), listener), TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
+
+        // Reset carrier config.
+        overrideCarrierConfig(null);
+    }
+
+    private void overrideCarrierConfig(PersistableBundle bundle) {
+        final CarrierConfigManager configManager = (CarrierConfigManager) mContext
+                .getSystemService(Context.CARRIER_CONFIG_SERVICE);
+        final int subId = SubscriptionManager.getDefaultSubscriptionId();
+        configManager.overrideConfig(subId, bundle);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTetheringUpstream() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mPm.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_TELEPHONY));
+        final TestTetheringEventCallback tetherEventCallback =
+                mCtsTetheringUtils.registerTetheringEventCallback();
+
+        boolean previousWifiEnabledState = false;
+
+        try {
+            tetherEventCallback.assumeWifiTetheringSupported(mContext);
+            tetherEventCallback.expectNoTetheringActive();
+
+            previousWifiEnabledState = mWm.isWifiEnabled();
+            if (previousWifiEnabledState) {
+                mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiDisconnected(null);
+            }
+
+            final TestNetworkCallback networkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+            Network activeNetwork = null;
+            try {
+                mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
+                activeNetwork = networkCallback.waitForAvailable();
+            } finally {
+                mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
+            }
+
+            assertNotNull("No active network. Please ensure the device has working mobile data.",
+                    activeNetwork);
+            final NetworkCapabilities activeNetCap = mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(activeNetwork);
+
+            // If active nework is ETHERNET, tethering may not use cell network as upstream.
+            assumeFalse(activeNetCap.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET));
+
+            assertTrue(activeNetCap.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR));
+
+            mCtsTetheringUtils.startWifiTethering(tetherEventCallback);
+
+            final TelephonyManager telephonyManager = (TelephonyManager) mContext.getSystemService(
+                    Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
+            final boolean dunRequired = telephonyManager.isTetheringApnRequired();
+            final int expectedCap = dunRequired ? NET_CAPABILITY_DUN : NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
+            final Network network = tetherEventCallback.getCurrentValidUpstream();
+            final NetworkCapabilities netCap = mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(network);
+            assertTrue(netCap.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR));
+            assertTrue(netCap.hasCapability(expectedCap));
+
+            mCtsTetheringUtils.stopWifiTethering(tetherEventCallback);
+        } finally {
+            mCtsTetheringUtils.unregisterTetheringEventCallback(tetherEventCallback);
+            if (previousWifiEnabledState) {
+                mCtsNetUtils.connectToWifi();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/deflake/Android.bp b/tests/deflake/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8205f1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/deflake/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+// FrameworksNetDeflakeTest depends on FrameworksNetTests so it should be disabled
+// if FrameworksNetTests is disabled.
+enable_frameworks_net_deflake_test = true
+// Placeholder
+// This is a placeholder comment to minimize merge conflicts, as enable_frameworks_net_deflake_test
+// may have different values depending on the branch
+// Placeholder
+
+java_test_host {
+    name: "FrameworksNetDeflakeTest",
+    enabled: enable_frameworks_net_deflake_test,
+    srcs: ["src/**/*.kt"],
+    libs: [
+        "junit",
+        "tradefed",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "kotlin-test",
+        "net-host-tests-utils",
+    ],
+    data: [":FrameworksNetTests"],
+    test_suites: ["device-tests"],
+    // It will get build error if just set enabled to true. It fails with "windows_common"
+    // depends on some disabled modules that are used by this test and it looks like set
+    // enable_frameworks_net_deflake_test to true also enables "windows" variant. Thus,
+    // disable this on target windows.
+    // TODO: Remove this when b/201754360 is fixed.
+    target: {
+        windows: {
+            enabled: false,
+        },
+    },
+}
diff --git a/tests/deflake/src/com/android/server/net/FrameworksNetDeflakeTest.kt b/tests/deflake/src/com/android/server/net/FrameworksNetDeflakeTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6285525
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/deflake/src/com/android/server/net/FrameworksNetDeflakeTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.net
+
+import com.android.testutils.host.DeflakeHostTestBase
+import com.android.tradefed.testtype.DeviceJUnit4ClassRunner
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+
+@RunWith(DeviceJUnit4ClassRunner::class)
+class FrameworksNetDeflakeTest: DeflakeHostTestBase() {
+    override val runCount = 20
+    override val testApkFilename = "FrameworksNetTests.apk"
+    override val testClasses = listOf("com.android.server.ConnectivityServiceTest")
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/integration/Android.bp b/tests/integration/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..97c1265
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+android_test {
+    name: "FrameworksNetIntegrationTests",
+    defaults: ["framework-connectivity-test-defaults"],
+    platform_apis: true,
+    certificate: "platform",
+    srcs: [
+        "src/**/*.kt",
+        "src/**/*.aidl",
+    ],
+    libs: [
+        "android.test.mock",
+        "ServiceConnectivityResources",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "NetworkStackApiStableLib",
+        "androidx.test.ext.junit",
+        "frameworks-net-integration-testutils",
+        "kotlin-reflect",
+        "mockito-target-extended-minus-junit4",
+        "net-tests-utils",
+        "service-connectivity-pre-jarjar",
+        "service-connectivity-tiramisu-pre-jarjar",
+        "services.net",
+        "testables",
+    ],
+    test_suites: ["device-tests"],
+    use_embedded_native_libs: true,
+    jni_libs: [
+        // For mockito extended
+        "libdexmakerjvmtiagent",
+        "libstaticjvmtiagent",
+        // android_library does not include JNI libs: include NetworkStack dependencies here
+        "libnativehelper_compat_libc++",
+        "libnetworkstackutilsjni",
+        "libandroid_net_connectivity_com_android_net_module_util_jni",
+        "libservice-connectivity",
+    ],
+    jarjar_rules: ":connectivity-jarjar-rules",
+}
+
+// Utilities for testing framework code both in integration and unit tests.
+java_library {
+    name: "frameworks-net-integration-testutils",
+    defaults: ["framework-connectivity-test-defaults"],
+    srcs: ["util/**/*.java", "util/**/*.kt"],
+    static_libs: [
+        "androidx.annotation_annotation",
+        "androidx.test.rules",
+        "junit",
+        "net-tests-utils",
+    ],
+    libs: [
+        "service-connectivity",
+        "services.core",
+        "services.net",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/tests/integration/AndroidManifest.xml b/tests/integration/AndroidManifest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e13689
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!--
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+-->
+
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+     package="com.android.server.net.integrationtests">
+
+    <!-- For ConnectivityService registerReceiverAsUser (receiving broadcasts) -->
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERACT_ACROSS_USERS_FULL"/>
+    <!-- PermissionMonitor sets network permissions for each user -->
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MANAGE_USERS"/>
+    <!-- ConnectivityService sends notifications to BatteryStats -->
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS"/>
+    <!-- Reading network status -->
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY"/>
+    <!-- Obtain LinkProperties callbacks with sensitive fields -->
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.NETWORK_STACK"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.OBSERVE_NETWORK_POLICY"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PRIVILEGED_PHONE_STATE"/>
+    <!-- Reading DeviceConfig flags -->
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_DEVICE_CONFIG"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SCHEDULE_EXACT_ALARM"/>
+    <!-- Querying the resources package -->
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES"/>
+    <application android:debuggable="true">
+        <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner"/>
+
+        <!-- This manifest is merged with the base manifest of the real NetworkStack app.
+                         Remove the NetworkStackService from the base (real) manifest, and replace with a test
+                         service that responds to the same intent -->
+        <service android:name=".TestNetworkStackService"
+             android:process="com.android.server.net.integrationtests.testnetworkstack"
+             android:exported="true">
+            <intent-filter>
+                <action android:name="android.net.INetworkStackConnector.Test"/>
+            </intent-filter>
+        </service>
+        <service android:name=".NetworkStackInstrumentationService"
+             android:process="com.android.server.net.integrationtests.testnetworkstack"
+             android:exported="true">
+            <intent-filter>
+                <action android:name=".INetworkStackInstrumentation"/>
+            </intent-filter>
+        </service>
+        <service android:name="com.android.server.connectivity.ipmemorystore.RegularMaintenanceJobService"
+             android:process="com.android.server.net.integrationtests.testnetworkstack"
+             android:permission="android.permission.BIND_JOB_SERVICE"/>
+
+    </application>
+
+    <instrumentation android:name="androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
+         android:targetPackage="com.android.server.net.integrationtests"
+         android:label="Frameworks Net Integration Tests"/>
+
+</manifest>
diff --git a/tests/integration/res/values/config.xml b/tests/integration/res/values/config.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c8046f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/res/values/config.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<resources>
+    <!--
+    Override configuration for testing. The below settings use the config_ variants, which are
+    normally used by RROs to override the setting with highest priority. -->
+    <integer name="config_captive_portal_dns_probe_timeout">12500</integer>
+    <string name="config_captive_portal_http_url" translatable="false">http://test.android.com</string>
+    <string name="config_captive_portal_https_url" translatable="false">https://secure.test.android.com</string>
+    <string-array name="config_captive_portal_fallback_urls" translatable="false">
+        <item>http://fallback1.android.com</item>
+        <item>http://fallback2.android.com</item>
+    </string-array>
+    <string-array name="config_captive_portal_fallback_probe_specs" translatable="false">
+    </string-array>
+</resources>
diff --git a/tests/integration/src/android/net/TestNetworkStackClient.kt b/tests/integration/src/android/net/TestNetworkStackClient.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..61ef5bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/src/android/net/TestNetworkStackClient.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License
+ */
+
+package android.net
+
+import android.content.ComponentName
+import android.content.Context
+import android.content.Intent
+import android.net.networkstack.NetworkStackClientBase
+import android.os.IBinder
+import com.android.server.net.integrationtests.TestNetworkStackService
+import org.mockito.Mockito.any
+import org.mockito.Mockito.spy
+import org.mockito.Mockito.timeout
+import org.mockito.Mockito.verify
+import kotlin.test.fail
+
+const val TEST_ACTION_SUFFIX = ".Test"
+
+class TestNetworkStackClient(private val context: Context) : NetworkStackClientBase() {
+    // TODO: consider switching to TrackRecord for more expressive checks
+    private val lastCallbacks = HashMap<Network, INetworkMonitorCallbacks>()
+    private val moduleConnector = ConnectivityModuleConnector { _, action, _, _ ->
+        val intent = Intent(action)
+        val serviceName = TestNetworkStackService::class.qualifiedName
+                ?: fail("TestNetworkStackService name not found")
+        intent.component = ComponentName(context.packageName, serviceName)
+        return@ConnectivityModuleConnector intent
+    }.also { it.init(context) }
+
+    fun start() {
+        moduleConnector.startModuleService(
+                INetworkStackConnector::class.qualifiedName + TEST_ACTION_SUFFIX,
+                NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK) { connector ->
+            onNetworkStackConnected(INetworkStackConnector.Stub.asInterface(connector))
+        }
+    }
+
+    // base may be an instance of an inaccessible subclass, so non-spyable.
+    // Use a known open class that delegates to the original instance for all methods except
+    // asBinder. asBinder needs to use its own non-delegated implementation as otherwise it would
+    // return a binder token to a class that is not spied on.
+    open class NetworkMonitorCallbacksWrapper(private val base: INetworkMonitorCallbacks) :
+            INetworkMonitorCallbacks.Stub(), INetworkMonitorCallbacks by base {
+        // asBinder is implemented by both base class and delegate: specify explicitly
+        override fun asBinder(): IBinder {
+            return super.asBinder()
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun makeNetworkMonitor(network: Network, name: String?, cb: INetworkMonitorCallbacks) {
+        val cbSpy = spy(NetworkMonitorCallbacksWrapper(cb))
+        lastCallbacks[network] = cbSpy
+        super.makeNetworkMonitor(network, name, cbSpy)
+    }
+
+    fun verifyNetworkMonitorCreated(network: Network, timeoutMs: Long) {
+        val cb = lastCallbacks[network]
+                ?: fail("NetworkMonitor for network $network not requested")
+        verify(cb, timeout(timeoutMs)).onNetworkMonitorCreated(any())
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/ConnectivityServiceIntegrationTest.kt b/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/ConnectivityServiceIntegrationTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..80338aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/ConnectivityServiceIntegrationTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.net.integrationtests
+
+import android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager
+import android.content.ComponentName
+import android.content.Context
+import android.content.Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE
+import android.content.Context.BIND_IMPORTANT
+import android.content.Intent
+import android.content.ServiceConnection
+import android.content.res.Resources
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager
+import android.net.ConnectivityResources
+import android.net.IDnsResolver
+import android.net.INetd
+import android.net.LinkProperties
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR
+import android.net.NetworkRequest
+import android.net.TestNetworkStackClient
+import android.net.Uri
+import android.net.metrics.IpConnectivityLog
+import android.net.util.MultinetworkPolicyTracker
+import android.os.ConditionVariable
+import android.os.IBinder
+import android.os.SystemConfigManager
+import android.os.UserHandle
+import android.testing.TestableContext
+import android.util.Log
+import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4
+import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry
+import com.android.connectivity.resources.R
+import com.android.server.ConnectivityService
+import com.android.server.NetworkAgentWrapper
+import com.android.server.TestNetIdManager
+import com.android.server.connectivity.MockableSystemProperties
+import com.android.server.connectivity.ProxyTracker
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
+import org.junit.After
+import org.junit.Before
+import org.junit.BeforeClass
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.AdditionalAnswers
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString
+import org.mockito.Mock
+import org.mockito.Mockito.any
+import org.mockito.Mockito.anyInt
+import org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer
+import org.mockito.Mockito.doNothing
+import org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn
+import org.mockito.Mockito.eq
+import org.mockito.Mockito.mock
+import org.mockito.Mockito.spy
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations
+import org.mockito.Spy
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertFalse
+import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
+import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+import kotlin.test.fail
+
+const val SERVICE_BIND_TIMEOUT_MS = 5_000L
+const val TEST_TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000L
+
+/**
+ * Test that exercises an instrumented version of ConnectivityService against an instrumented
+ * NetworkStack in a different test process.
+ */
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+class ConnectivityServiceIntegrationTest {
+    // lateinit used here for mocks as they need to be reinitialized between each test and the test
+    // should crash if they are used before being initialized.
+    @Mock
+    private lateinit var statsManager: NetworkStatsManager
+    @Mock
+    private lateinit var log: IpConnectivityLog
+    @Mock
+    private lateinit var netd: INetd
+    @Mock
+    private lateinit var dnsResolver: IDnsResolver
+    @Mock
+    private lateinit var systemConfigManager: SystemConfigManager
+    @Mock
+    private lateinit var resources: Resources
+    @Mock
+    private lateinit var resourcesContext: Context
+    @Spy
+    private var context = TestableContext(realContext)
+
+    // lateinit for these three classes under test, as they should be reset to a different instance
+    // for every test but should always be initialized before use (or the test should crash).
+    private lateinit var networkStackClient: TestNetworkStackClient
+    private lateinit var service: ConnectivityService
+    private lateinit var cm: ConnectivityManager
+
+    companion object {
+        // lateinit for this binder token, as it must be initialized before any test code is run
+        // and use of it before init should crash the test.
+        private lateinit var nsInstrumentation: INetworkStackInstrumentation
+        private val bindingCondition = ConditionVariable(false)
+
+        private val realContext get() = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().context
+        private val httpProbeUrl get() =
+            realContext.getResources().getString(com.android.server.net.integrationtests.R.string
+                    .config_captive_portal_http_url)
+        private val httpsProbeUrl get() =
+            realContext.getResources().getString(com.android.server.net.integrationtests.R.string
+                    .config_captive_portal_https_url)
+
+        private class InstrumentationServiceConnection : ServiceConnection {
+            override fun onServiceConnected(name: ComponentName?, service: IBinder?) {
+                Log.i("TestNetworkStack", "Service connected")
+                try {
+                    if (service == null) fail("Error binding to NetworkStack instrumentation")
+                    if (::nsInstrumentation.isInitialized) fail("Service already connected")
+                    nsInstrumentation = INetworkStackInstrumentation.Stub.asInterface(service)
+                } finally {
+                    bindingCondition.open()
+                }
+            }
+
+            override fun onServiceDisconnected(name: ComponentName?) = Unit
+        }
+
+        @BeforeClass
+        @JvmStatic
+        fun setUpClass() {
+            val intent = Intent(realContext, NetworkStackInstrumentationService::class.java)
+            intent.action = INetworkStackInstrumentation::class.qualifiedName
+            assertTrue(realContext.bindService(intent, InstrumentationServiceConnection(),
+                    BIND_AUTO_CREATE or BIND_IMPORTANT),
+                    "Error binding to instrumentation service")
+            assertTrue(bindingCondition.block(SERVICE_BIND_TIMEOUT_MS),
+                    "Timed out binding to instrumentation service " +
+                            "after $SERVICE_BIND_TIMEOUT_MS ms")
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    fun setUp() {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this)
+        val asUserCtx = mock(Context::class.java, AdditionalAnswers.delegatesTo<Context>(context))
+        doReturn(UserHandle.ALL).`when`(asUserCtx).user
+        doReturn(asUserCtx).`when`(context).createContextAsUser(eq(UserHandle.ALL), anyInt())
+        doNothing().`when`(context).sendStickyBroadcast(any(), any())
+        doReturn(Context.SYSTEM_CONFIG_SERVICE).`when`(context)
+                .getSystemServiceName(SystemConfigManager::class.java)
+        doReturn(systemConfigManager).`when`(context)
+                .getSystemService(Context.SYSTEM_CONFIG_SERVICE)
+        doReturn(IntArray(0)).`when`(systemConfigManager).getSystemPermissionUids(anyString())
+
+        doReturn(60000).`when`(resources).getInteger(R.integer.config_networkTransitionTimeout)
+        doReturn("").`when`(resources).getString(R.string.config_networkCaptivePortalServerUrl)
+        doReturn(arrayOf<String>("test_wlan_wol")).`when`(resources)
+                .getStringArray(R.array.config_wakeonlan_supported_interfaces)
+        doReturn(arrayOf("0,1", "1,3")).`when`(resources)
+                .getStringArray(R.array.config_networkSupportedKeepaliveCount)
+        doReturn(emptyArray<String>()).`when`(resources)
+                .getStringArray(R.array.config_networkNotifySwitches)
+        doReturn(intArrayOf(10, 11, 12, 14, 15)).`when`(resources)
+                .getIntArray(R.array.config_protectedNetworks)
+        // We don't test the actual notification value strings, so just return an empty array.
+        // It doesn't matter what the values are as long as it's not null.
+        doReturn(emptyArray<String>()).`when`(resources).getStringArray(
+                R.array.network_switch_type_name)
+        doReturn(1).`when`(resources).getInteger(R.integer.config_networkAvoidBadWifi)
+        doReturn(R.array.config_networkSupportedKeepaliveCount).`when`(resources)
+                .getIdentifier(eq("config_networkSupportedKeepaliveCount"), eq("array"), any())
+
+        doReturn(resources).`when`(resourcesContext).getResources()
+        ConnectivityResources.setResourcesContextForTest(resourcesContext)
+
+        networkStackClient = TestNetworkStackClient(realContext)
+        networkStackClient.start()
+
+        service = TestConnectivityService(makeDependencies())
+        cm = ConnectivityManager(context, service)
+        context.addMockSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE, cm)
+        context.addMockSystemService(Context.NETWORK_STATS_SERVICE, statsManager)
+
+        service.systemReadyInternal()
+    }
+
+    private inner class TestConnectivityService(deps: Dependencies) : ConnectivityService(
+            context, dnsResolver, log, netd, deps)
+
+    private fun makeDependencies(): ConnectivityService.Dependencies {
+        val deps = spy(ConnectivityService.Dependencies())
+        doReturn(networkStackClient).`when`(deps).networkStack
+        doReturn(mock(ProxyTracker::class.java)).`when`(deps).makeProxyTracker(any(), any())
+        doReturn(mock(MockableSystemProperties::class.java)).`when`(deps).systemProperties
+        doReturn(TestNetIdManager()).`when`(deps).makeNetIdManager()
+        doAnswer { inv ->
+            object : MultinetworkPolicyTracker(inv.getArgument(0), inv.getArgument(1),
+                    inv.getArgument(2)) {
+                override fun getResourcesForActiveSubId() = resources
+            }
+        }.`when`(deps).makeMultinetworkPolicyTracker(any(), any(), any())
+        return deps
+    }
+
+    @After
+    fun tearDown() {
+        nsInstrumentation.clearAllState()
+        ConnectivityResources.setResourcesContextForTest(null)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testValidation() {
+        val request = NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .clearCapabilities()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .build()
+        val testCallback = TestableNetworkCallback()
+
+        cm.registerNetworkCallback(request, testCallback)
+        nsInstrumentation.addHttpResponse(HttpResponse(httpProbeUrl, responseCode = 204))
+        nsInstrumentation.addHttpResponse(HttpResponse(httpsProbeUrl, responseCode = 204))
+
+        val na = NetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, LinkProperties(), null /* ncTemplate */,
+                context)
+        networkStackClient.verifyNetworkMonitorCreated(na.network, TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)
+
+        na.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+        na.connect()
+
+        testCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(na.network, TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        assertEquals(2, nsInstrumentation.getRequestUrls().size)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testCapportApi() {
+        val request = NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .clearCapabilities()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .build()
+        val testCb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        val apiUrl = "https://capport.android.com"
+
+        cm.registerNetworkCallback(request, testCb)
+        nsInstrumentation.addHttpResponse(HttpResponse(
+                apiUrl,
+                """
+                    |{
+                    |  "captive": true,
+                    |  "user-portal-url": "https://login.capport.android.com",
+                    |  "venue-info-url": "https://venueinfo.capport.android.com"
+                    |}
+                """.trimMargin()))
+
+        // Tests will fail if a non-mocked query is received: mock the HTTPS probe, but not the
+        // HTTP probe as it should not be sent.
+        // Even if the HTTPS probe succeeds, a portal should be detected as the API takes precedence
+        // in that case.
+        nsInstrumentation.addHttpResponse(HttpResponse(httpsProbeUrl, responseCode = 204))
+
+        val lp = LinkProperties()
+        lp.captivePortalApiUrl = Uri.parse(apiUrl)
+        val na = NetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, lp, null /* ncTemplate */, context)
+        networkStackClient.verifyNetworkMonitorCreated(na.network, TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)
+
+        na.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+        na.connect()
+
+        testCb.expectAvailableCallbacks(na.network, validated = false, tmt = TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)
+
+        val capportData = testCb.expectLinkPropertiesThat(na, TEST_TIMEOUT_MS) {
+            it.captivePortalData != null
+        }.lp.captivePortalData
+        assertNotNull(capportData)
+        assertTrue(capportData.isCaptive)
+        assertEquals(Uri.parse("https://login.capport.android.com"), capportData.userPortalUrl)
+        assertEquals(Uri.parse("https://venueinfo.capport.android.com"), capportData.venueInfoUrl)
+
+        val nc = testCb.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL, na, TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        assertFalse(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED))
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/HttpResponse.aidl b/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/HttpResponse.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a2bcfe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/HttpResponse.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.net.integrationtests;
+
+parcelable HttpResponse;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/HttpResponse.kt b/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/HttpResponse.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e206313
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/HttpResponse.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.net.integrationtests
+
+import android.os.Parcel
+import android.os.Parcelable
+
+data class HttpResponse(
+    val requestUrl: String,
+    val responseCode: Int,
+    val content: String = "",
+    val redirectUrl: String? = null
+) : Parcelable {
+    constructor(p: Parcel): this(p.readString(), p.readInt(), p.readString(), p.readString())
+    constructor(requestUrl: String, contentBody: String): this(
+            requestUrl,
+            responseCode = 200,
+            content = contentBody,
+            redirectUrl = null)
+
+    override fun writeToParcel(dest: Parcel, flags: Int) {
+        with(dest) {
+            writeString(requestUrl)
+            writeInt(responseCode)
+            writeString(content)
+            writeString(redirectUrl)
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun describeContents() = 0
+    companion object CREATOR : Parcelable.Creator<HttpResponse> {
+        override fun createFromParcel(source: Parcel) = HttpResponse(source)
+        override fun newArray(size: Int) = arrayOfNulls<HttpResponse?>(size)
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/INetworkStackInstrumentation.aidl b/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/INetworkStackInstrumentation.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..efc58ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/INetworkStackInstrumentation.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.net.integrationtests;
+
+import com.android.server.net.integrationtests.HttpResponse;
+
+interface INetworkStackInstrumentation {
+    void clearAllState();
+    void addHttpResponse(in HttpResponse response);
+    List<String> getRequestUrls();
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/NetworkStackInstrumentationService.kt b/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/NetworkStackInstrumentationService.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e807952
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/NetworkStackInstrumentationService.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.net.integrationtests
+
+import android.app.Service
+import android.content.Intent
+import java.net.URL
+import java.util.Collections
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue
+import kotlin.collections.ArrayList
+import kotlin.test.fail
+
+/**
+ * An instrumentation interface for the NetworkStack that allows controlling behavior to
+ * facilitate integration tests.
+ */
+class NetworkStackInstrumentationService : Service() {
+    override fun onBind(intent: Intent) = InstrumentationConnector.asBinder()
+
+    object InstrumentationConnector : INetworkStackInstrumentation.Stub() {
+        private val httpResponses = ConcurrentHashMap<String, ConcurrentLinkedQueue<HttpResponse>>()
+                .run {
+                    withDefault { key -> getOrPut(key) { ConcurrentLinkedQueue() } }
+                }
+        private val httpRequestUrls = Collections.synchronizedList(ArrayList<String>())
+
+        /**
+         * Called when an HTTP request is being processed by NetworkMonitor. Returns the response
+         * that should be simulated.
+         */
+        fun processRequest(url: URL): HttpResponse {
+            val strUrl = url.toString()
+            httpRequestUrls.add(strUrl)
+            return httpResponses[strUrl]?.poll()
+                    ?: fail("No mocked response for request: $strUrl. " +
+                            "Mocked URL keys are: ${httpResponses.keys}")
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Clear all state of this connector. This is intended for use between two tests, so all
+         * state should be reset as if the connector was just created.
+         */
+        override fun clearAllState() {
+            httpResponses.clear()
+            httpRequestUrls.clear()
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Add a response to a future HTTP request.
+         *
+         * <p>For any subsequent HTTP/HTTPS query, the first response with a matching URL will be
+         * used to mock the query response.
+         *
+         * <p>All requests that are expected to be sent must have a mock response: if an unexpected
+         * request is seen, the test will fail.
+         */
+        override fun addHttpResponse(response: HttpResponse) {
+            httpResponses.getValue(response.requestUrl).add(response)
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Get the ordered list of request URLs that have been sent by NetworkMonitor, and were
+         * answered based on mock responses.
+         */
+        override fun getRequestUrls(): List<String> {
+            return ArrayList(httpRequestUrls)
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/TestNetworkStackService.kt b/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/TestNetworkStackService.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c7cf040
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/TestNetworkStackService.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.net.integrationtests
+
+import android.app.Service
+import android.content.Context
+import android.content.Intent
+import android.net.INetworkMonitorCallbacks
+import android.net.Network
+import android.net.metrics.IpConnectivityLog
+import android.net.util.SharedLog
+import android.os.IBinder
+import com.android.networkstack.netlink.TcpSocketTracker
+import com.android.server.NetworkStackService
+import com.android.server.NetworkStackService.NetworkMonitorConnector
+import com.android.server.NetworkStackService.NetworkStackConnector
+import com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkMonitor
+import com.android.server.net.integrationtests.NetworkStackInstrumentationService.InstrumentationConnector
+import org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn
+import org.mockito.Mockito.mock
+import org.mockito.Mockito.spy
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream
+import java.net.HttpURLConnection
+import java.net.URL
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets
+
+private const val TEST_NETID = 42
+
+/**
+ * Android service that can return an [android.net.INetworkStackConnector] which can be instrumented
+ * through [NetworkStackInstrumentationService].
+ * Useful in tests to create test instrumented NetworkStack components that can receive
+ * instrumentation commands through [NetworkStackInstrumentationService].
+ */
+class TestNetworkStackService : Service() {
+    override fun onBind(intent: Intent): IBinder = TestNetworkStackConnector(makeTestContext())
+
+    private fun makeTestContext() = spy(applicationContext).also {
+        doReturn(mock(IBinder::class.java)).`when`(it).getSystemService(Context.NETD_SERVICE)
+    }
+
+    private class TestPermissionChecker : NetworkStackService.PermissionChecker() {
+        override fun enforceNetworkStackCallingPermission() = Unit
+    }
+
+    private class NetworkMonitorDeps(private val privateDnsBypassNetwork: Network) :
+            NetworkMonitor.Dependencies() {
+        override fun getPrivateDnsBypassNetwork(network: Network?) = privateDnsBypassNetwork
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Mock [HttpURLConnection] to simulate reply from a server.
+     */
+    private class MockConnection(
+        url: URL,
+        private val response: HttpResponse
+    ) : HttpURLConnection(url) {
+        private val responseBytes = response.content.toByteArray(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)
+        override fun getResponseCode() = response.responseCode
+        override fun getContentLengthLong() = responseBytes.size.toLong()
+        override fun getHeaderField(field: String): String? {
+            return when (field) {
+                "location" -> response.redirectUrl
+                else -> null
+            }
+        }
+        override fun getInputStream() = ByteArrayInputStream(responseBytes)
+        override fun connect() = Unit
+        override fun disconnect() = Unit
+        override fun usingProxy() = false
+    }
+
+    private inner class TestNetworkStackConnector(context: Context) : NetworkStackConnector(
+            context, TestPermissionChecker(), NetworkStackService.Dependencies()) {
+
+        private val network = Network(TEST_NETID)
+        private val privateDnsBypassNetwork = TestNetwork(TEST_NETID)
+
+        private inner class TestNetwork(netId: Int) : Network(netId) {
+            override fun openConnection(url: URL) = MockConnection(
+                    url, InstrumentationConnector.processRequest(url))
+        }
+
+        override fun makeNetworkMonitor(
+            network: Network,
+            name: String?,
+            cb: INetworkMonitorCallbacks
+        ) {
+            val nm = NetworkMonitor(this@TestNetworkStackService, cb,
+                    this.network,
+                    mock(IpConnectivityLog::class.java), mock(SharedLog::class.java),
+                    mock(NetworkStackService.NetworkStackServiceManager::class.java),
+                    NetworkMonitorDeps(privateDnsBypassNetwork),
+                    mock(TcpSocketTracker::class.java))
+            cb.onNetworkMonitorCreated(NetworkMonitorConnector(nm, TestPermissionChecker()))
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/integration/util/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTestUtils.kt b/tests/integration/util/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTestUtils.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..165fd37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/util/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTestUtils.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License
+ */
+
+@file:JvmName("ConnectivityServiceTestUtils")
+
+package com.android.server
+
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_BLUETOOTH
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_ETHERNET
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_NONE
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_TEST
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_VPN
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI
+
+fun transportToLegacyType(transport: Int) = when (transport) {
+    TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH -> TYPE_BLUETOOTH
+    TRANSPORT_CELLULAR -> TYPE_MOBILE
+    TRANSPORT_ETHERNET -> TYPE_ETHERNET
+    TRANSPORT_TEST -> TYPE_TEST
+    TRANSPORT_VPN -> TYPE_VPN
+    TRANSPORT_WIFI -> TYPE_WIFI
+    else -> TYPE_NONE
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/integration/util/com/android/server/NetworkAgentWrapper.java b/tests/integration/util/com/android/server/NetworkAgentWrapper.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..365c0cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/util/com/android/server/NetworkAgentWrapper.java
@@ -0,0 +1,418 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server;
+
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI_AWARE;
+
+import static com.android.server.ConnectivityServiceTestUtils.transportToLegacyType;
+
+import static junit.framework.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static junit.framework.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkAgent;
+import android.net.NetworkAgentConfig;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkProvider;
+import android.net.NetworkScore;
+import android.net.NetworkSpecifier;
+import android.net.QosFilter;
+import android.net.SocketKeepalive;
+import android.os.ConditionVariable;
+import android.os.HandlerThread;
+import android.os.Message;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.Range;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.ArrayTrackRecord;
+import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils;
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+
+public class NetworkAgentWrapper implements TestableNetworkCallback.HasNetwork {
+    private final NetworkCapabilities mNetworkCapabilities;
+    private final HandlerThread mHandlerThread;
+    private final Context mContext;
+    private final String mLogTag;
+    private final NetworkAgentConfig mNetworkAgentConfig;
+
+    private final ConditionVariable mDisconnected = new ConditionVariable();
+    private final ConditionVariable mPreventReconnectReceived = new ConditionVariable();
+    private final AtomicBoolean mConnected = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+    private NetworkScore mScore;
+    private NetworkAgent mNetworkAgent;
+    private int mStartKeepaliveError = SocketKeepalive.ERROR_UNSUPPORTED;
+    private int mStopKeepaliveError = SocketKeepalive.NO_KEEPALIVE;
+    // Controls how test network agent is going to wait before responding to keepalive
+    // start/stop. Useful when simulate KeepaliveTracker is waiting for response from modem.
+    private long mKeepaliveResponseDelay = 0L;
+    private Integer mExpectedKeepaliveSlot = null;
+    private final ArrayTrackRecord<CallbackType>.ReadHead mCallbackHistory =
+            new ArrayTrackRecord<CallbackType>().newReadHead();
+
+    public NetworkAgentWrapper(int transport, LinkProperties linkProperties,
+            NetworkCapabilities ncTemplate, Context context) throws Exception {
+        this(transport, linkProperties, ncTemplate, null /* provider */, context);
+    }
+
+    public NetworkAgentWrapper(int transport, LinkProperties linkProperties,
+            NetworkCapabilities ncTemplate, NetworkProvider provider,
+            Context context) throws Exception {
+        final int type = transportToLegacyType(transport);
+        final String typeName = ConnectivityManager.getNetworkTypeName(type);
+        mNetworkCapabilities = (ncTemplate != null) ? ncTemplate : new NetworkCapabilities();
+        mNetworkCapabilities.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED);
+        mNetworkCapabilities.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED);
+        mNetworkCapabilities.addTransportType(transport);
+        switch (transport) {
+            case TRANSPORT_ETHERNET:
+                mScore = new NetworkScore.Builder().setLegacyInt(70).build();
+                break;
+            case TRANSPORT_WIFI:
+                mScore = new NetworkScore.Builder().setLegacyInt(60).build();
+                break;
+            case TRANSPORT_CELLULAR:
+                mScore = new NetworkScore.Builder().setLegacyInt(50).build();
+                break;
+            case TRANSPORT_WIFI_AWARE:
+                mScore = new NetworkScore.Builder().setLegacyInt(20).build();
+                break;
+            case TRANSPORT_TEST:
+                mScore = new NetworkScore.Builder().build();
+                break;
+            case TRANSPORT_VPN:
+                mNetworkCapabilities.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN);
+                // VPNs deduce the SUSPENDED capability from their underlying networks and there
+                // is no public API to let VPN services set it.
+                mNetworkCapabilities.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED);
+                mScore = new NetworkScore.Builder().setLegacyInt(101).build();
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new UnsupportedOperationException("unimplemented network type");
+        }
+        mContext = context;
+        mLogTag = "Mock-" + typeName;
+        mHandlerThread = new HandlerThread(mLogTag);
+        mHandlerThread.start();
+
+        // extraInfo is set to "" by default in NetworkAgentConfig.
+        final String extraInfo = (transport == TRANSPORT_CELLULAR) ? "internet.apn" : "";
+        mNetworkAgentConfig = new NetworkAgentConfig.Builder()
+                .setLegacyType(type)
+                .setLegacyTypeName(typeName)
+                .setLegacyExtraInfo(extraInfo)
+                .build();
+        mNetworkAgent = makeNetworkAgent(linkProperties, mNetworkAgentConfig, provider);
+    }
+
+    protected InstrumentedNetworkAgent makeNetworkAgent(LinkProperties linkProperties,
+            final NetworkAgentConfig nac, NetworkProvider provider) throws Exception {
+        return new InstrumentedNetworkAgent(this, linkProperties, nac, provider);
+    }
+
+    public static class InstrumentedNetworkAgent extends NetworkAgent {
+        private final NetworkAgentWrapper mWrapper;
+        private static final String PROVIDER_NAME = "InstrumentedNetworkAgentProvider";
+
+        public InstrumentedNetworkAgent(NetworkAgentWrapper wrapper, LinkProperties lp,
+                NetworkAgentConfig nac) {
+            this(wrapper, lp, nac, null /* provider */);
+        }
+
+        public InstrumentedNetworkAgent(NetworkAgentWrapper wrapper, LinkProperties lp,
+                NetworkAgentConfig nac, NetworkProvider provider) {
+            super(wrapper.mContext, wrapper.mHandlerThread.getLooper(), wrapper.mLogTag,
+                    wrapper.mNetworkCapabilities, lp, wrapper.mScore, nac,
+                    null != provider ? provider : new NetworkProvider(wrapper.mContext,
+                            wrapper.mHandlerThread.getLooper(), PROVIDER_NAME));
+            mWrapper = wrapper;
+            register();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void unwanted() {
+            mWrapper.mDisconnected.open();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void startSocketKeepalive(Message msg) {
+            int slot = msg.arg1;
+            if (mWrapper.mExpectedKeepaliveSlot != null) {
+                assertEquals((int) mWrapper.mExpectedKeepaliveSlot, slot);
+            }
+            mWrapper.mHandlerThread.getThreadHandler().postDelayed(
+                    () -> onSocketKeepaliveEvent(slot, mWrapper.mStartKeepaliveError),
+                    mWrapper.mKeepaliveResponseDelay);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void stopSocketKeepalive(Message msg) {
+            final int slot = msg.arg1;
+            mWrapper.mHandlerThread.getThreadHandler().postDelayed(
+                    () -> onSocketKeepaliveEvent(slot, mWrapper.mStopKeepaliveError),
+                    mWrapper.mKeepaliveResponseDelay);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onQosCallbackRegistered(final int qosCallbackId,
+                final @NonNull QosFilter filter) {
+            Log.i(mWrapper.mLogTag, "onQosCallbackRegistered");
+            mWrapper.mCallbackHistory.add(
+                    new CallbackType.OnQosCallbackRegister(qosCallbackId, filter));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onQosCallbackUnregistered(final int qosCallbackId) {
+            Log.i(mWrapper.mLogTag, "onQosCallbackUnregistered");
+            mWrapper.mCallbackHistory.add(new CallbackType.OnQosCallbackUnregister(qosCallbackId));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected void preventAutomaticReconnect() {
+            mWrapper.mPreventReconnectReceived.open();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected void addKeepalivePacketFilter(Message msg) {
+            Log.i(mWrapper.mLogTag, "Add keepalive packet filter.");
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected void removeKeepalivePacketFilter(Message msg) {
+            Log.i(mWrapper.mLogTag, "Remove keepalive packet filter.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void setScore(@NonNull final NetworkScore score) {
+        mScore = score;
+        mNetworkAgent.sendNetworkScore(score);
+    }
+
+    public void adjustScore(int change) {
+        final int newLegacyScore = mScore.getLegacyInt() + change;
+        final NetworkScore.Builder builder = new NetworkScore.Builder()
+                .setLegacyInt(newLegacyScore);
+        if (mNetworkCapabilities.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI) && newLegacyScore < 50) {
+            builder.setExiting(true);
+        }
+        mScore = builder.build();
+        mNetworkAgent.sendNetworkScore(mScore);
+    }
+
+    public NetworkScore getScore() {
+        return mScore;
+    }
+
+    public void explicitlySelected(boolean explicitlySelected, boolean acceptUnvalidated) {
+        mNetworkAgent.explicitlySelected(explicitlySelected, acceptUnvalidated);
+    }
+
+    public void addCapability(int capability) {
+        mNetworkCapabilities.addCapability(capability);
+        mNetworkAgent.sendNetworkCapabilities(mNetworkCapabilities);
+    }
+
+    public void removeCapability(int capability) {
+        mNetworkCapabilities.removeCapability(capability);
+        mNetworkAgent.sendNetworkCapabilities(mNetworkCapabilities);
+    }
+
+    public void setUids(Set<Range<Integer>> uids) {
+        mNetworkCapabilities.setUids(uids);
+        mNetworkAgent.sendNetworkCapabilities(mNetworkCapabilities);
+    }
+
+    public void setSignalStrength(int signalStrength) {
+        mNetworkCapabilities.setSignalStrength(signalStrength);
+        mNetworkAgent.sendNetworkCapabilities(mNetworkCapabilities);
+    }
+
+    public void setNetworkSpecifier(NetworkSpecifier networkSpecifier) {
+        mNetworkCapabilities.setNetworkSpecifier(networkSpecifier);
+        mNetworkAgent.sendNetworkCapabilities(mNetworkCapabilities);
+    }
+
+    public void setNetworkCapabilities(NetworkCapabilities nc, boolean sendToConnectivityService) {
+        mNetworkCapabilities.set(nc);
+        if (sendToConnectivityService) {
+            mNetworkAgent.sendNetworkCapabilities(mNetworkCapabilities);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void setUnderlyingNetworks(List<Network> underlyingNetworks) {
+        mNetworkAgent.setUnderlyingNetworks(underlyingNetworks);
+    }
+
+    public void setOwnerUid(int uid) {
+        mNetworkCapabilities.setOwnerUid(uid);
+        mNetworkAgent.sendNetworkCapabilities(mNetworkCapabilities);
+    }
+
+    public void connect() {
+        if (!mConnected.compareAndSet(false /* expect */, true /* update */)) {
+            // compareAndSet returns false when the value couldn't be updated because it did not
+            // match the expected value.
+            fail("Test NetworkAgents can only be connected once");
+        }
+        mNetworkAgent.markConnected();
+    }
+
+    public void suspend() {
+        removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED);
+    }
+
+    public void resume() {
+        addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED);
+    }
+
+    public void disconnect() {
+        mNetworkAgent.unregister();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Network getNetwork() {
+        return mNetworkAgent.getNetwork();
+    }
+
+    public void expectPreventReconnectReceived(long timeoutMs) {
+        assertTrue(mPreventReconnectReceived.block(timeoutMs));
+    }
+
+    public void expectDisconnected(long timeoutMs) {
+        assertTrue(mDisconnected.block(timeoutMs));
+    }
+
+    public void assertNotDisconnected(long timeoutMs) {
+        assertFalse(mDisconnected.block(timeoutMs));
+    }
+
+    public void sendLinkProperties(LinkProperties lp) {
+        mNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(lp);
+    }
+
+    public void setStartKeepaliveEvent(int reason) {
+        mStartKeepaliveError = reason;
+    }
+
+    public void setStopKeepaliveEvent(int reason) {
+        mStopKeepaliveError = reason;
+    }
+
+    public void setKeepaliveResponseDelay(long delay) {
+        mKeepaliveResponseDelay = delay;
+    }
+
+    public void setExpectedKeepaliveSlot(Integer slot) {
+        mExpectedKeepaliveSlot = slot;
+    }
+
+    public NetworkAgent getNetworkAgent() {
+        return mNetworkAgent;
+    }
+
+    public NetworkCapabilities getNetworkCapabilities() {
+        return mNetworkCapabilities;
+    }
+
+    public int getLegacyType() {
+        return mNetworkAgentConfig.getLegacyType();
+    }
+
+    public String getExtraInfo() {
+        return mNetworkAgentConfig.getLegacyExtraInfo();
+    }
+
+    public @NonNull ArrayTrackRecord<CallbackType>.ReadHead getCallbackHistory() {
+        return mCallbackHistory;
+    }
+
+    public void waitForIdle(long timeoutMs) {
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandlerThread, timeoutMs);
+    }
+
+    abstract static class CallbackType {
+        final int mQosCallbackId;
+
+        protected CallbackType(final int qosCallbackId) {
+            mQosCallbackId = qosCallbackId;
+        }
+
+        static class OnQosCallbackRegister extends CallbackType {
+            final QosFilter mFilter;
+            OnQosCallbackRegister(final int qosCallbackId, final QosFilter filter) {
+                super(qosCallbackId);
+                mFilter = filter;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public boolean equals(final Object o) {
+                if (this == o) return true;
+                if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
+                final OnQosCallbackRegister that = (OnQosCallbackRegister) o;
+                return mQosCallbackId == that.mQosCallbackId
+                        && Objects.equals(mFilter, that.mFilter);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public int hashCode() {
+                return Objects.hash(mQosCallbackId, mFilter);
+            }
+        }
+
+        static class OnQosCallbackUnregister extends CallbackType {
+            OnQosCallbackUnregister(final int qosCallbackId) {
+                super(qosCallbackId);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public boolean equals(final Object o) {
+                if (this == o) return true;
+                if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
+                final OnQosCallbackUnregister that = (OnQosCallbackUnregister) o;
+                return mQosCallbackId == that.mQosCallbackId;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public int hashCode() {
+                return Objects.hash(mQosCallbackId);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public boolean isBypassableVpn() {
+        return mNetworkAgentConfig.isBypassableVpn();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/integration/util/com/android/server/TestNetIdManager.kt b/tests/integration/util/com/android/server/TestNetIdManager.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..938a694
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/util/com/android/server/TestNetIdManager.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License
+ */
+
+package com.android.server
+
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger
+
+/**
+ * A [NetIdManager] that generates ID starting from [NetIdManager.MAX_NET_ID] and decreasing, rather
+ * than starting from [NetIdManager.MIN_NET_ID] and increasing.
+ *
+ * Useful for testing ConnectivityService, to minimize the risk of test ConnectivityService netIDs
+ * overlapping with netIDs used by the real ConnectivityService on the device.
+ *
+ * IDs may still overlap if many networks have been used on the device (so the "real" netIDs
+ * are close to MAX_NET_ID), but this is typically not the case when running unit tests. Also, there
+ * is no way to fully solve the overlap issue without altering ID allocation in non-test code, as
+ * the real ConnectivityService could start using netIds that have been used by the test in the
+ * past.
+ */
+class TestNetIdManager : NetIdManager() {
+    private val nextId = AtomicInteger(MAX_NET_ID)
+    override fun reserveNetId() = nextId.decrementAndGet()
+    override fun releaseNetId(id: Int) = Unit
+    fun peekNextNetId() = nextId.get() - 1
+}
diff --git a/tests/mts/Android.bp b/tests/mts/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74fee3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mts/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "bpf_existence_test",
+    test_suites: [
+        "general-tests",
+        "mts-tethering",
+    ],
+    defaults: [
+        "connectivity-mainline-presubmit-cc-defaults",
+    ],
+    require_root: true,
+    header_libs: [
+        "bpf_headers",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libmodules-utils-build",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "bpf_existence_test.cpp",
+    ],
+    compile_multilib: "first",
+    min_sdk_version: "29",  // Ensure test runs on Q and above.
+}
diff --git a/tests/mts/bpf_existence_test.cpp b/tests/mts/bpf_existence_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2bba282
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mts/bpf_existence_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ * bpf_existence_test.cpp - checks that the device has expected BPF programs and maps
+ */
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <set>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <android/api-level.h>
+#include <android-base/properties.h>
+#include <android-modules-utils/sdk_level.h>
+#include <bpf/BpfUtils.h>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+using std::find;
+using std::set;
+using std::string;
+
+using android::modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastR;
+using android::modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastS;
+using android::modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastT;
+
+// Mainline development branches lack the constant for the current development OS.
+#ifndef __ANDROID_API_T__
+#define __ANDROID_API_T__ 33
+#endif
+
+#define PLATFORM "/sys/fs/bpf/"
+#define TETHERING "/sys/fs/bpf/tethering/"
+
+class BpfExistenceTest : public ::testing::Test {
+};
+
+static const set<string> INTRODUCED_R = {
+    PLATFORM "map_offload_tether_ingress_map",
+    PLATFORM "map_offload_tether_limit_map",
+    PLATFORM "map_offload_tether_stats_map",
+    PLATFORM "prog_offload_schedcls_ingress_tether_ether",
+    PLATFORM "prog_offload_schedcls_ingress_tether_rawip",
+};
+
+static const set<string> INTRODUCED_S = {
+    TETHERING "map_offload_tether_dev_map",
+    TETHERING "map_offload_tether_downstream4_map",
+    TETHERING "map_offload_tether_downstream64_map",
+    TETHERING "map_offload_tether_downstream6_map",
+    TETHERING "map_offload_tether_error_map",
+    TETHERING "map_offload_tether_limit_map",
+    TETHERING "map_offload_tether_stats_map",
+    TETHERING "map_offload_tether_upstream4_map",
+    TETHERING "map_offload_tether_upstream6_map",
+    TETHERING "map_test_tether_downstream6_map",
+    TETHERING "prog_offload_schedcls_tether_downstream4_ether",
+    TETHERING "prog_offload_schedcls_tether_downstream4_rawip",
+    TETHERING "prog_offload_schedcls_tether_downstream6_ether",
+    TETHERING "prog_offload_schedcls_tether_downstream6_rawip",
+    TETHERING "prog_offload_schedcls_tether_upstream4_ether",
+    TETHERING "prog_offload_schedcls_tether_upstream4_rawip",
+    TETHERING "prog_offload_schedcls_tether_upstream6_ether",
+    TETHERING "prog_offload_schedcls_tether_upstream6_rawip",
+};
+
+static const set<string> REMOVED_S = {
+    PLATFORM "map_offload_tether_ingress_map",
+    PLATFORM "map_offload_tether_limit_map",
+    PLATFORM "map_offload_tether_stats_map",
+    PLATFORM "prog_offload_schedcls_ingress_tether_ether",
+    PLATFORM "prog_offload_schedcls_ingress_tether_rawip",
+};
+
+static const set<string> INTRODUCED_T = {
+};
+
+static const set<string> REMOVED_T = {
+};
+
+void addAll(set<string>* a, const set<string>& b) {
+    a->insert(b.begin(), b.end());
+}
+
+void removeAll(set<string>* a, const set<string>& b) {
+    for (const auto& toRemove : b) {
+        a->erase(toRemove);
+    }
+}
+
+void getFileLists(set<string>* expected, set<string>* unexpected) {
+    unexpected->clear();
+    expected->clear();
+
+    addAll(unexpected, INTRODUCED_R);
+    addAll(unexpected, INTRODUCED_S);
+    addAll(unexpected, INTRODUCED_T);
+
+    if (IsAtLeastR()) {
+        addAll(expected, INTRODUCED_R);
+        removeAll(unexpected, INTRODUCED_R);
+        // Nothing removed in R.
+    }
+
+    if (IsAtLeastS()) {
+        addAll(expected, INTRODUCED_S);
+        removeAll(expected, REMOVED_S);
+
+        addAll(unexpected, REMOVED_S);
+        removeAll(unexpected, INTRODUCED_S);
+    }
+
+    // Nothing added or removed in SCv2.
+
+    if (IsAtLeastT()) {
+        addAll(expected, INTRODUCED_T);
+        removeAll(expected, REMOVED_T);
+
+        addAll(unexpected, REMOVED_T);
+        removeAll(unexpected, INTRODUCED_T);
+    }
+}
+
+void checkFiles() {
+    set<string> mustExist;
+    set<string> mustNotExist;
+
+    getFileLists(&mustExist, &mustNotExist);
+
+    for (const auto& file : mustExist) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(0, access(file.c_str(), R_OK)) << file << " does not exist";
+    }
+    for (const auto& file : mustNotExist) {
+        int ret = access(file.c_str(), R_OK);
+        int err = errno;
+        EXPECT_EQ(-1, ret) << file << " unexpectedly exists";
+        if (ret == -1) {
+            EXPECT_EQ(ENOENT, err) << " accessing " << file << " failed with errno " << err;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_F(BpfExistenceTest, TestPrograms) {
+    SKIP_IF_BPF_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+
+    // Pre-flight check to ensure test has been updated.
+    uint64_t buildVersionSdk = android_get_device_api_level();
+    ASSERT_NE(0, buildVersionSdk) << "Unable to determine device SDK version";
+    if (buildVersionSdk > __ANDROID_API_T__ && buildVersionSdk != __ANDROID_API_FUTURE__) {
+            FAIL() << "Unknown OS version " << buildVersionSdk << ", please update this test";
+    }
+
+    // Only unconfined root is guaranteed to be able to access everything in /sys/fs/bpf.
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, getuid()) << "This test must run as root.";
+
+    checkFiles();
+}
diff --git a/tests/smoketest/Android.bp b/tests/smoketest/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df8ab74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/smoketest/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// This test exists only because the jni_libs list for these tests is difficult to
+// maintain: the test itself only depends on libnetworkstatsfactorytestjni, but the test
+// fails to load that library unless *all* the dependencies of that library are explicitly
+// listed in jni_libs. This means that whenever any of the dependencies changes the test
+// starts failing and breaking presubmits in frameworks/base. We cannot easily put
+// FrameworksNetTests into global presubmit because they are at times flaky, but this
+// test is effectively empty beyond validating that the libraries load correctly, and
+// thus should be stable enough to put in global presubmit.
+//
+// TODO: remove this hack when there is a better solution for jni_libs that includes
+// dependent libraries.
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+android_test {
+    name: "FrameworksNetSmokeTests",
+    defaults: ["FrameworksNetTests-jni-defaults"],
+    srcs: ["java/SmokeTest.java"],
+    test_suites: ["device-tests"],
+    static_libs: [
+        "androidx.test.rules",
+        "mockito-target-minus-junit4",
+        "service-connectivity",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/tests/smoketest/AndroidManifest.xml b/tests/smoketest/AndroidManifest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f1b9feb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/smoketest/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+        package="com.android.frameworks.tests.net.smoketest">
+    <application>
+        <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />
+    </application>
+
+    <instrumentation
+        android:name="androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
+        android:targetPackage="com.android.frameworks.tests.net.smoketest"
+        android:label="Frameworks Networking Smoke Tests" />
+</manifest>
diff --git a/tests/smoketest/AndroidTest.xml b/tests/smoketest/AndroidTest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac366e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/smoketest/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+<configuration description="Runs Frameworks Networking Smoke Tests.">
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.TestAppInstallSetup">
+        <option name="test-file-name" value="FrameworksNetSmokeTests.apk" />
+    </target_preparer>
+
+    <option name="test-suite-tag" value="apct" />
+    <option name="test-tag" value="FrameworksNetSmokeTests" />
+    <test class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.AndroidJUnitTest" >
+        <option name="package" value="com.android.frameworks.tests.net.smoketest" />
+        <option name="runner" value="androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner" />
+        <option name="hidden-api-checks" value="false"/>
+    </test>
+</configuration>
diff --git a/tests/smoketest/java/SmokeTest.java b/tests/smoketest/java/SmokeTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d6655f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/smoketest/java/SmokeTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.net;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;
+
+@RunWith(JUnit4.class)
+public final class SmokeTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLoadJni() {
+        System.loadLibrary("networkstatsfactorytestjni");
+        assertEquals(0, 0x00);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/Android.bp b/tests/unit/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..988f21b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+//########################################################################
+// Build FrameworksNetTests package
+//########################################################################
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
+    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "Android-Apache-2.0"
+    // to get the below license kinds:
+    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+// Whether to enable the FrameworksNetTests. Set to false in the branches that might have older
+// frameworks/base since FrameworksNetTests includes the test for classes that are not in
+// connectivity module.
+enable_frameworks_net_tests = true
+// Placeholder
+// This is a placeholder comment to minimize merge conflicts, as enable_frameworks_net_tests
+// may have different values depending on the branch
+// Placeholder
+
+java_defaults {
+    name: "FrameworksNetTests-jni-defaults",
+    jni_libs: [
+        "ld-android",
+        "libandroid_net_frameworktests_util_jni",
+        "libbase",
+        "libbinder",
+        "libbpf_bcc",
+        "libc++",
+        "libcrypto",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libdl_android",
+        "libhidl-gen-utils",
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libjsoncpp",
+        "liblog",
+        "liblzma",
+        "libnativehelper",
+        "libnetdutils",
+        "libnetworkstats",
+        "libnetworkstatsfactorytestjni",
+        "libpackagelistparser",
+        "libpcre2",
+        "libselinux",
+        "libtinyxml2",
+        "libui",
+        "libunwindstack",
+        "libutils",
+        "libutilscallstack",
+        "libvndksupport",
+        "libziparchive",
+        "libz",
+        "netd_aidl_interface-V5-cpp",
+    ],
+}
+
+filegroup {
+    name: "non-connectivity-module-test",
+    srcs: [
+        "java/android/app/usage/*.java",
+        "java/android/net/EthernetNetworkUpdateRequestTest.java",
+        "java/android/net/Ikev2VpnProfileTest.java",
+        "java/android/net/IpMemoryStoreTest.java",
+        "java/android/net/IpSecAlgorithmTest.java",
+        "java/android/net/IpSecConfigTest.java",
+        "java/android/net/IpSecManagerTest.java",
+        "java/android/net/IpSecTransformTest.java",
+        "java/android/net/KeepalivePacketDataUtilTest.java",
+        "java/android/net/NetworkIdentityTest.kt",
+        "java/android/net/NetworkStats*.java",
+        "java/android/net/NetworkTemplateTest.kt",
+        "java/android/net/TelephonyNetworkSpecifierTest.java",
+        "java/android/net/VpnManagerTest.java",
+        "java/android/net/ipmemorystore/*.java",
+        "java/android/net/netstats/NetworkStatsDataMigrationUtilsTest.kt",
+        "java/android/net/nsd/*.java",
+        "java/com/android/internal/net/NetworkUtilsInternalTest.java",
+        "java/com/android/internal/net/VpnProfileTest.java",
+        "java/com/android/server/IpSecServiceParameterizedTest.java",
+        "java/com/android/server/IpSecServiceRefcountedResourceTest.java",
+        "java/com/android/server/IpSecServiceTest.java",
+        "java/com/android/server/NetworkManagementServiceTest.java",
+        "java/com/android/server/NsdServiceTest.java",
+        "java/com/android/server/connectivity/IpConnectivityEventBuilderTest.java",
+        "java/com/android/server/connectivity/IpConnectivityMetricsTest.java",
+        "java/com/android/server/connectivity/MultipathPolicyTrackerTest.java",
+        "java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetdEventListenerServiceTest.java",
+        "java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java",
+        "java/com/android/server/net/ipmemorystore/*.java",
+        "java/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapUpdaterTest.java",
+        "java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStats*.java",
+        "java/com/android/server/net/TestableUsageCallback.kt",
+    ]
+}
+
+// Subset of services-core used to by ConnectivityService tests to test VPN realistically.
+// This is stripped by jarjar (see rules below) from other unrelated classes, so tests do not
+// include most classes from services-core, which are unrelated and cause wrong code coverage
+// calculations.
+java_library {
+    name: "services.core-vpn",
+    static_libs: ["services.core"],
+    jarjar_rules: "vpn-jarjar-rules.txt",
+    visibility: ["//visibility:private"],
+}
+
+java_defaults {
+    name: "FrameworksNetTestsDefaults",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+    defaults: [
+        "framework-connectivity-test-defaults",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "java/**/*.java",
+        "java/**/*.kt",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "androidx.test.rules",
+        "androidx.test.uiautomator",
+        "bouncycastle-repackaged-unbundled",
+        "core-tests-support",
+        "FrameworksNetCommonTests",
+        "frameworks-base-testutils",
+        "frameworks-net-integration-testutils",
+        "framework-protos",
+        "mockito-target-minus-junit4",
+        "net-tests-utils",
+        "net-utils-services-common",
+        "platform-compat-test-rules",
+        "platform-test-annotations",
+        "service-connectivity-pre-jarjar",
+        "service-connectivity-tiramisu-pre-jarjar",
+        "services.core-vpn",
+    ],
+    libs: [
+        "android.net.ipsec.ike.stubs.module_lib",
+        "android.test.runner",
+        "android.test.base",
+        "android.test.mock",
+        "ServiceConnectivityResources",
+    ],
+    exclude_kotlinc_generated_files: false,
+}
+
+android_library {
+    name: "FrameworksNetTestsLib",
+    defaults: [
+        "FrameworksNetTestsDefaults",
+    ],
+    exclude_srcs: [":non-connectivity-module-test"],
+    visibility: ["//packages/modules/Connectivity/tests:__subpackages__"],
+}
+
+android_test {
+    name: "FrameworksNetTests",
+    enabled: enable_frameworks_net_tests,
+    defaults: [
+        "FrameworksNetTestsDefaults",
+        "FrameworksNetTests-jni-defaults",
+    ],
+    jarjar_rules: ":connectivity-jarjar-rules",
+    test_suites: ["device-tests"],
+    static_libs: [
+        "services.core",
+        "services.net",
+    ],
+    jni_libs: [
+        "libandroid_net_connectivity_com_android_net_module_util_jni",
+        "libservice-connectivity",
+        "libandroid_net_connectivity_com_android_net_module_util_jni",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/AndroidManifest.xml b/tests/unit/AndroidManifest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..887f171
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+        package="com.android.frameworks.tests.net">
+
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_LOGS" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BROADCAST_STICKY" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MANAGE_APP_TOKENS" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERACT_ACROSS_USERS" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.REAL_GET_TASKS" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.GET_DETAILED_TASKS" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MANAGE_NETWORK_POLICY" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_NETWORK_USAGE_HISTORY" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MANAGE_USERS" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERACT_ACROSS_USERS_FULL" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MANAGE_DEVICE_ADMINS" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MODIFY_PHONE_STATE" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.PACKET_KEEPALIVE_OFFLOAD" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.GET_INTENT_SENDER_INTENT" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MANAGE_ACTIVITY_TASKS" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INSTALL_PACKAGES" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.NETWORK_STACK" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.OBSERVE_NETWORK_POLICY" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.NETWORK_STATS_PROVIDER" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CONTROL_OEM_PAID_NETWORK_PREFERENCE" />
+
+    <application>
+        <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />
+        <uses-library android:name="android.net.ipsec.ike" />
+        <activity
+            android:name="com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkNotificationManagerTest$TestDialogActivity"/>
+    </application>
+
+    <instrumentation
+        android:name="androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
+        android:targetPackage="com.android.frameworks.tests.net"
+        android:label="Frameworks Networking Tests" />
+</manifest>
diff --git a/tests/unit/AndroidTest.xml b/tests/unit/AndroidTest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..939ae49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+<configuration description="Runs Frameworks Networking Tests.">
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.TestAppInstallSetup">
+        <option name="test-file-name" value="FrameworksNetTests.apk" />
+    </target_preparer>
+
+    <option name="test-suite-tag" value="apct" />
+    <option name="test-tag" value="FrameworksNetTests" />
+    <test class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.AndroidJUnitTest" >
+        <option name="package" value="com.android.frameworks.tests.net" />
+        <option name="runner" value="androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner" />
+        <option name="hidden-api-checks" value="false"/>
+    </test>
+</configuration>
diff --git a/tests/unit/jarjar-rules.txt b/tests/unit/jarjar-rules.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb3e32a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/jarjar-rules.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Module library in frameworks/libs/net
+rule com.android.net.module.util.** android.net.frameworktests.util.@1
+rule com.android.testutils.TestBpfMap* android.net.frameworktests.testutils.TestBpfMap@1
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/app/usage/NetworkStatsManagerTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/app/usage/NetworkStatsManagerTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..561e621
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/app/usage/NetworkStatsManagerTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.app.usage;
+
+import static junit.framework.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static junit.framework.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static junit.framework.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyLong;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.INetworkStatsService;
+import android.net.INetworkStatsSession;
+import android.net.NetworkStats.Entry;
+import android.net.NetworkStatsHistory;
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+
+import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+import org.mockito.invocation.InvocationOnMock;
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class NetworkStatsManagerTest {
+    private static final String TEST_SUBSCRIBER_ID = "subid";
+
+    private @Mock INetworkStatsService mService;
+    private @Mock INetworkStatsSession mStatsSession;
+
+    private NetworkStatsManager mManager;
+
+    // TODO: change to NetworkTemplate.MATCH_MOBILE once internal constant rename is merged to aosp.
+    private static final int MATCH_MOBILE_ALL = 1;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+        mManager = new NetworkStatsManager(InstrumentationRegistry.getContext(), mService);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testQueryDetails() throws RemoteException {
+        final long startTime = 1;
+        final long endTime = 100;
+        final int uid1 = 10001;
+        final int uid2 = 10002;
+        final int uid3 = 10003;
+
+        Entry uid1Entry1 = new Entry("if1", uid1,
+                android.net.NetworkStats.SET_DEFAULT, android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE,
+                100, 10, 200, 20, 0);
+
+        Entry uid1Entry2 = new Entry(
+                "if2", uid1,
+                android.net.NetworkStats.SET_DEFAULT, android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE,
+                100, 10, 200, 20, 0);
+
+        Entry uid2Entry1 = new Entry("if1", uid2,
+                android.net.NetworkStats.SET_DEFAULT, android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE,
+                150, 10, 250, 20, 0);
+
+        Entry uid2Entry2 = new Entry(
+                "if2", uid2,
+                android.net.NetworkStats.SET_DEFAULT, android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE,
+                150, 10, 250, 20, 0);
+
+        NetworkStatsHistory history1 = new NetworkStatsHistory(10, 2);
+        history1.recordData(10, 20, uid1Entry1);
+        history1.recordData(20, 30, uid1Entry2);
+
+        NetworkStatsHistory history2 = new NetworkStatsHistory(10, 2);
+        history1.recordData(30, 40, uid2Entry1);
+        history1.recordData(35, 45, uid2Entry2);
+
+
+        when(mService.openSessionForUsageStats(anyInt(), anyString())).thenReturn(mStatsSession);
+        when(mStatsSession.getRelevantUids()).thenReturn(new int[] { uid1, uid2, uid3 });
+
+        when(mStatsSession.getHistoryIntervalForUid(any(NetworkTemplate.class),
+                eq(uid1), eq(android.net.NetworkStats.SET_ALL),
+                eq(android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE),
+                eq(NetworkStatsHistory.FIELD_ALL), eq(startTime), eq(endTime)))
+                .then((InvocationOnMock inv) -> {
+                    NetworkTemplate template = inv.getArgument(0);
+                    assertEquals(MATCH_MOBILE_ALL, template.getMatchRule());
+                    assertEquals(TEST_SUBSCRIBER_ID, template.getSubscriberId());
+                    return history1;
+                });
+
+        when(mStatsSession.getHistoryIntervalForUid(any(NetworkTemplate.class),
+                eq(uid2), eq(android.net.NetworkStats.SET_ALL),
+                eq(android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE),
+                eq(NetworkStatsHistory.FIELD_ALL), eq(startTime), eq(endTime)))
+                .then((InvocationOnMock inv) -> {
+                    NetworkTemplate template = inv.getArgument(0);
+                    assertEquals(MATCH_MOBILE_ALL, template.getMatchRule());
+                    assertEquals(TEST_SUBSCRIBER_ID, template.getSubscriberId());
+                    return history2;
+                });
+
+
+        NetworkStats stats = mManager.queryDetails(
+                ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE, TEST_SUBSCRIBER_ID, startTime, endTime);
+
+        NetworkStats.Bucket bucket = new NetworkStats.Bucket();
+
+        // First 2 buckets exactly match entry timings
+        assertTrue(stats.getNextBucket(bucket));
+        assertEquals(10, bucket.getStartTimeStamp());
+        assertEquals(20, bucket.getEndTimeStamp());
+        assertBucketMatches(uid1Entry1, bucket);
+
+        assertTrue(stats.getNextBucket(bucket));
+        assertEquals(20, bucket.getStartTimeStamp());
+        assertEquals(30, bucket.getEndTimeStamp());
+        assertBucketMatches(uid1Entry2, bucket);
+
+        // 30 -> 40: contains uid2Entry1 and half of uid2Entry2
+        assertTrue(stats.getNextBucket(bucket));
+        assertEquals(30, bucket.getStartTimeStamp());
+        assertEquals(40, bucket.getEndTimeStamp());
+        assertEquals(225, bucket.getRxBytes());
+        assertEquals(15, bucket.getRxPackets());
+        assertEquals(375, bucket.getTxBytes());
+        assertEquals(30, bucket.getTxPackets());
+
+        // 40 -> 50: contains half of uid2Entry2
+        assertTrue(stats.getNextBucket(bucket));
+        assertEquals(40, bucket.getStartTimeStamp());
+        assertEquals(50, bucket.getEndTimeStamp());
+        assertEquals(75, bucket.getRxBytes());
+        assertEquals(5, bucket.getRxPackets());
+        assertEquals(125, bucket.getTxBytes());
+        assertEquals(10, bucket.getTxPackets());
+
+        assertFalse(stats.hasNextBucket());
+    }
+
+    private void runQueryDetailsAndCheckTemplate(int networkType, String subscriberId,
+            NetworkTemplate expectedTemplate) throws RemoteException {
+        final long startTime = 1;
+        final long endTime = 100;
+        final int uid1 = 10001;
+        final int uid2 = 10002;
+
+        reset(mStatsSession);
+        when(mService.openSessionForUsageStats(anyInt(), anyString())).thenReturn(mStatsSession);
+        when(mStatsSession.getRelevantUids()).thenReturn(new int[] { uid1, uid2 });
+        when(mStatsSession.getHistoryIntervalForUid(any(NetworkTemplate.class),
+                anyInt(), anyInt(), anyInt(), anyInt(), anyLong(), anyLong()))
+                .thenReturn(new NetworkStatsHistory(10, 0));
+        NetworkStats stats = mManager.queryDetails(
+                networkType, subscriberId, startTime, endTime);
+
+        verify(mStatsSession, times(1)).getHistoryIntervalForUid(
+                eq(expectedTemplate),
+                eq(uid1), eq(android.net.NetworkStats.SET_ALL),
+                eq(android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE),
+                eq(NetworkStatsHistory.FIELD_ALL), eq(startTime), eq(endTime));
+
+        verify(mStatsSession, times(1)).getHistoryIntervalForUid(
+                eq(expectedTemplate),
+                eq(uid2), eq(android.net.NetworkStats.SET_ALL),
+                eq(android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE),
+                eq(NetworkStatsHistory.FIELD_ALL), eq(startTime), eq(endTime));
+
+        assertFalse(stats.hasNextBucket());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkTemplateWhenRunningQueryDetails_NoSubscriberId() throws RemoteException {
+        runQueryDetailsAndCheckTemplate(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE,
+                null /* subscriberId */, NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateMobileWildcard());
+        runQueryDetailsAndCheckTemplate(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI,
+                "" /* subscriberId */, NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateWifiWildcard());
+        runQueryDetailsAndCheckTemplate(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI,
+                null /* subscriberId */, NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateWifiWildcard());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkTemplateWhenRunningQueryDetails_MergedCarrierWifi()
+            throws RemoteException {
+        runQueryDetailsAndCheckTemplate(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI,
+                TEST_SUBSCRIBER_ID,
+                NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateWifi(NetworkTemplate.WIFI_NETWORKID_ALL,
+                        TEST_SUBSCRIBER_ID));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testQueryTaggedSummary() throws Exception {
+        final long startTime = 1;
+        final long endTime = 100;
+
+        reset(mStatsSession);
+        when(mService.openSessionForUsageStats(anyInt(), anyString())).thenReturn(mStatsSession);
+        when(mStatsSession.getTaggedSummaryForAllUid(any(NetworkTemplate.class),
+                anyLong(), anyLong()))
+                .thenReturn(new android.net.NetworkStats(0, 0));
+        final NetworkTemplate template = new NetworkTemplate.Builder(NetworkTemplate.MATCH_MOBILE)
+                .setMeteredness(NetworkStats.Bucket.METERED_YES).build();
+        NetworkStats stats = mManager.queryTaggedSummary(template, startTime, endTime);
+
+        verify(mStatsSession, times(1)).getTaggedSummaryForAllUid(
+                eq(template), eq(startTime), eq(endTime));
+
+        assertFalse(stats.hasNextBucket());
+    }
+
+
+    @Test
+    public void testQueryDetailsForDevice() throws Exception {
+        final long startTime = 1;
+        final long endTime = 100;
+
+        reset(mStatsSession);
+        when(mService.openSessionForUsageStats(anyInt(), anyString())).thenReturn(mStatsSession);
+        when(mStatsSession.getHistoryIntervalForNetwork(any(NetworkTemplate.class),
+                anyInt(), anyLong(), anyLong()))
+                .thenReturn(new NetworkStatsHistory(10, 0));
+        final NetworkTemplate template = new NetworkTemplate.Builder(NetworkTemplate.MATCH_MOBILE)
+                .setMeteredness(NetworkStats.Bucket.METERED_YES).build();
+        NetworkStats stats = mManager.queryDetailsForDevice(template, startTime, endTime);
+
+        verify(mStatsSession, times(1)).getHistoryIntervalForNetwork(
+                eq(template), eq(NetworkStatsHistory.FIELD_ALL), eq(startTime), eq(endTime));
+
+        assertFalse(stats.hasNextBucket());
+    }
+
+    private void assertBucketMatches(Entry expected, NetworkStats.Bucket actual) {
+        assertEquals(expected.uid, actual.getUid());
+        assertEquals(expected.rxBytes, actual.getRxBytes());
+        assertEquals(expected.rxPackets, actual.getRxPackets());
+        assertEquals(expected.txBytes, actual.getTxBytes());
+        assertEquals(expected.txPackets, actual.getTxPackets());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/ConnectivityManagerTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f324630
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,464 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_NONE;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_CBS;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_DUN;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_FOTA;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_IMS;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_MMS;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_SUPL;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_WIFI_P2P;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
+import static android.net.NetworkRequest.Type.BACKGROUND_REQUEST;
+import static android.net.NetworkRequest.Type.REQUEST;
+import static android.net.NetworkRequest.Type.TRACK_DEFAULT;
+import static android.net.NetworkRequest.Type.TRACK_SYSTEM_DEFAULT;
+
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertThrows;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyBoolean;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.nullable;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.CALLS_REAL_METHODS;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.after;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.anyInt;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.timeout;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.app.PendingIntent;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback;
+import android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES;
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.Message;
+import android.os.Messenger;
+import android.os.Process;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class ConnectivityManagerTest {
+    private static final int TIMEOUT_MS = 30_000;
+    private static final int SHORT_TIMEOUT_MS = 150;
+
+    @Mock Context mCtx;
+    @Mock IConnectivityManager mService;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+    }
+
+    static NetworkCapabilities verifyNetworkCapabilities(
+            int legacyType, int transportType, int... capabilities) {
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = ConnectivityManager.networkCapabilitiesForType(legacyType);
+        assertNotNull(nc);
+        assertTrue(nc.hasTransport(transportType));
+        for (int capability : capabilities) {
+            assertTrue(nc.hasCapability(capability));
+        }
+
+        return nc;
+    }
+
+    static void verifyUnrestrictedNetworkCapabilities(int legacyType, int transportType) {
+        verifyNetworkCapabilities(
+                legacyType,
+                transportType,
+                NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET,
+                NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED,
+                NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN,
+                NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED);
+    }
+
+    static void verifyRestrictedMobileNetworkCapabilities(int legacyType, int capability) {
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = verifyNetworkCapabilities(
+                legacyType,
+                TRANSPORT_CELLULAR,
+                capability,
+                NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN,
+                NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED);
+
+        assertFalse(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET));
+        assertFalse(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkCapabilitiesForTypeMobile() {
+        verifyUnrestrictedNetworkCapabilities(
+                ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE, TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkCapabilitiesForTypeMobileCbs() {
+        verifyRestrictedMobileNetworkCapabilities(
+                ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_CBS, NET_CAPABILITY_CBS);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkCapabilitiesForTypeMobileDun() {
+        verifyRestrictedMobileNetworkCapabilities(
+                ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_DUN, NET_CAPABILITY_DUN);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkCapabilitiesForTypeMobileFota() {
+        verifyRestrictedMobileNetworkCapabilities(
+                ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_FOTA, NET_CAPABILITY_FOTA);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkCapabilitiesForTypeMobileHipri() {
+        verifyUnrestrictedNetworkCapabilities(
+                ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI, TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkCapabilitiesForTypeMobileIms() {
+        verifyRestrictedMobileNetworkCapabilities(
+                ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_IMS, NET_CAPABILITY_IMS);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkCapabilitiesForTypeMobileMms() {
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = verifyNetworkCapabilities(
+                ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_MMS,
+                TRANSPORT_CELLULAR,
+                NET_CAPABILITY_MMS,
+                NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN,
+                NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED);
+
+        assertFalse(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkCapabilitiesForTypeMobileSupl() {
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = verifyNetworkCapabilities(
+                ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL,
+                TRANSPORT_CELLULAR,
+                NET_CAPABILITY_SUPL,
+                NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN,
+                NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED);
+
+        assertFalse(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkCapabilitiesForTypeWifi() {
+        verifyUnrestrictedNetworkCapabilities(
+                ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI, TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkCapabilitiesForTypeWifiP2p() {
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = verifyNetworkCapabilities(
+                ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI_P2P,
+                TRANSPORT_WIFI,
+                NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED, NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN,
+                NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED, NET_CAPABILITY_WIFI_P2P);
+
+        assertFalse(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkCapabilitiesForTypeBluetooth() {
+        verifyUnrestrictedNetworkCapabilities(
+                ConnectivityManager.TYPE_BLUETOOTH, TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkCapabilitiesForTypeEthernet() {
+        verifyUnrestrictedNetworkCapabilities(
+                ConnectivityManager.TYPE_ETHERNET, TRANSPORT_ETHERNET);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCallbackRelease() throws Exception {
+        ConnectivityManager manager = new ConnectivityManager(mCtx, mService);
+        NetworkRequest request = makeRequest(1);
+        NetworkCallback callback = mock(ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback.class,
+                CALLS_REAL_METHODS);
+        Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
+        ArgumentCaptor<Messenger> captor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Messenger.class);
+
+        // register callback
+        when(mService.requestNetwork(anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), captor.capture(), anyInt(), any(),
+                anyInt(), anyInt(), any(), nullable(String.class))).thenReturn(request);
+        manager.requestNetwork(request, callback, handler);
+
+        // callback triggers
+        captor.getValue().send(makeMessage(request, ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_AVAILABLE));
+        verify(callback, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS).times(1)).onAvailable(any(Network.class),
+                any(NetworkCapabilities.class), any(LinkProperties.class), anyBoolean());
+
+        // unregister callback
+        manager.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
+        verify(mService, times(1)).releaseNetworkRequest(request);
+
+        // callback does not trigger anymore.
+        captor.getValue().send(makeMessage(request, ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_LOSING));
+        verify(callback, after(SHORT_TIMEOUT_MS).never()).onLosing(any(), anyInt());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCallbackRecycling() throws Exception {
+        ConnectivityManager manager = new ConnectivityManager(mCtx, mService);
+        NetworkRequest req1 = makeRequest(1);
+        NetworkRequest req2 = makeRequest(2);
+        NetworkCallback callback = mock(ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback.class,
+                CALLS_REAL_METHODS);
+        Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
+        ArgumentCaptor<Messenger> captor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Messenger.class);
+
+        // register callback
+        when(mService.requestNetwork(anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), captor.capture(), anyInt(), any(),
+                anyInt(), anyInt(), any(), nullable(String.class))).thenReturn(req1);
+        manager.requestNetwork(req1, callback, handler);
+
+        // callback triggers
+        captor.getValue().send(makeMessage(req1, ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_AVAILABLE));
+        verify(callback, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS).times(1)).onAvailable(any(Network.class),
+                any(NetworkCapabilities.class), any(LinkProperties.class), anyBoolean());
+
+        // unregister callback
+        manager.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
+        verify(mService, times(1)).releaseNetworkRequest(req1);
+
+        // callback does not trigger anymore.
+        captor.getValue().send(makeMessage(req1, ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_LOSING));
+        verify(callback, after(SHORT_TIMEOUT_MS).never()).onLosing(any(), anyInt());
+
+        // callback can be registered again
+        when(mService.requestNetwork(anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), captor.capture(), anyInt(), any(),
+                anyInt(), anyInt(), any(), nullable(String.class))).thenReturn(req2);
+        manager.requestNetwork(req2, callback, handler);
+
+        // callback triggers
+        captor.getValue().send(makeMessage(req2, ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_LOST));
+        verify(callback, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS).times(1)).onLost(any());
+
+        // unregister callback
+        manager.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
+        verify(mService, times(1)).releaseNetworkRequest(req2);
+    }
+
+    // TODO: turn on this test when request  callback 1:1 mapping is enforced
+    //@Test
+    private void noDoubleCallbackRegistration() throws Exception {
+        ConnectivityManager manager = new ConnectivityManager(mCtx, mService);
+        NetworkRequest request = makeRequest(1);
+        NetworkCallback callback = new ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback();
+        ApplicationInfo info = new ApplicationInfo();
+        // TODO: update version when starting to enforce 1:1 mapping
+        info.targetSdkVersion = VERSION_CODES.N_MR1 + 1;
+
+        when(mCtx.getApplicationInfo()).thenReturn(info);
+        when(mService.requestNetwork(anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), any(), anyInt(),
+                anyInt(), any(), nullable(String.class))).thenReturn(request);
+
+        Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
+        manager.requestNetwork(request, callback, handler);
+
+        // callback is already registered, reregistration should fail.
+        Class<IllegalArgumentException> wantException = IllegalArgumentException.class;
+        expectThrowable(() -> manager.requestNetwork(request, callback), wantException);
+
+        manager.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
+        verify(mService, times(1)).releaseNetworkRequest(request);
+
+        // unregistering the callback should make it registrable again.
+        manager.requestNetwork(request, callback);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDefaultNetworkActiveListener() throws Exception {
+        final ConnectivityManager manager = new ConnectivityManager(mCtx, mService);
+        final ConnectivityManager.OnNetworkActiveListener listener =
+                mock(ConnectivityManager.OnNetworkActiveListener.class);
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> manager.removeDefaultNetworkActiveListener(listener));
+        manager.addDefaultNetworkActiveListener(listener);
+        verify(mService, times(1)).registerNetworkActivityListener(any());
+        manager.removeDefaultNetworkActiveListener(listener);
+        verify(mService, times(1)).unregisterNetworkActivityListener(any());
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> manager.removeDefaultNetworkActiveListener(listener));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testArgumentValidation() throws Exception {
+        ConnectivityManager manager = new ConnectivityManager(mCtx, mService);
+
+        NetworkRequest request = mock(NetworkRequest.class);
+        NetworkCallback callback = mock(NetworkCallback.class);
+        Handler handler = mock(Handler.class);
+        NetworkCallback nullCallback = null;
+        PendingIntent nullIntent = null;
+
+        mustFail(() -> manager.requestNetwork(null, callback));
+        mustFail(() -> manager.requestNetwork(request, nullCallback));
+        mustFail(() -> manager.requestNetwork(request, callback, null));
+        mustFail(() -> manager.requestNetwork(request, callback, -1));
+        mustFail(() -> manager.requestNetwork(request, nullIntent));
+
+        mustFail(() -> manager.requestBackgroundNetwork(null, callback, handler));
+        mustFail(() -> manager.requestBackgroundNetwork(request, null, handler));
+        mustFail(() -> manager.requestBackgroundNetwork(request, callback, null));
+
+        mustFail(() -> manager.registerNetworkCallback(null, callback, handler));
+        mustFail(() -> manager.registerNetworkCallback(request, null, handler));
+        mustFail(() -> manager.registerNetworkCallback(request, callback, null));
+        mustFail(() -> manager.registerNetworkCallback(request, nullIntent));
+
+        mustFail(() -> manager.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(null, handler));
+        mustFail(() -> manager.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(callback, null));
+
+        mustFail(() -> manager.registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(null, handler));
+        mustFail(() -> manager.registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(callback, null));
+
+        mustFail(() -> manager.registerBestMatchingNetworkCallback(null, callback, handler));
+        mustFail(() -> manager.registerBestMatchingNetworkCallback(request, null, handler));
+        mustFail(() -> manager.registerBestMatchingNetworkCallback(request, callback, null));
+
+        mustFail(() -> manager.unregisterNetworkCallback(nullCallback));
+        mustFail(() -> manager.unregisterNetworkCallback(nullIntent));
+        mustFail(() -> manager.releaseNetworkRequest(nullIntent));
+    }
+
+    static void mustFail(Runnable fn) {
+        try {
+            fn.run();
+            fail();
+        } catch (Exception expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRequestType() throws Exception {
+        final String testPkgName = "MyPackage";
+        final String testAttributionTag = "MyTag";
+        final ConnectivityManager manager = new ConnectivityManager(mCtx, mService);
+        when(mCtx.getOpPackageName()).thenReturn(testPkgName);
+        when(mCtx.getAttributionTag()).thenReturn(testAttributionTag);
+        final NetworkRequest request = makeRequest(1);
+        final NetworkCallback callback = new ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback();
+
+        manager.requestNetwork(request, callback);
+        verify(mService).requestNetwork(eq(Process.INVALID_UID), eq(request.networkCapabilities),
+                eq(REQUEST.ordinal()), any(), anyInt(), any(), eq(TYPE_NONE), anyInt(),
+                eq(testPkgName), eq(testAttributionTag));
+        reset(mService);
+
+        // Verify that register network callback does not calls requestNetwork at all.
+        manager.registerNetworkCallback(request, callback);
+        verify(mService, never()).requestNetwork(anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), any(),
+                anyInt(), anyInt(), any(), any());
+        verify(mService).listenForNetwork(eq(request.networkCapabilities), any(), any(), anyInt(),
+                eq(testPkgName), eq(testAttributionTag));
+        reset(mService);
+
+        Handler handler = new Handler(ConnectivityThread.getInstanceLooper());
+
+        manager.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(callback);
+        verify(mService).requestNetwork(eq(Process.INVALID_UID), eq(null),
+                eq(TRACK_DEFAULT.ordinal()), any(), anyInt(), any(), eq(TYPE_NONE), anyInt(),
+                eq(testPkgName), eq(testAttributionTag));
+        reset(mService);
+
+        manager.registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(42, callback, handler);
+        verify(mService).requestNetwork(eq(42), eq(null),
+                eq(TRACK_DEFAULT.ordinal()), any(), anyInt(), any(), eq(TYPE_NONE), anyInt(),
+                eq(testPkgName), eq(testAttributionTag));
+
+        manager.requestBackgroundNetwork(request, callback, handler);
+        verify(mService).requestNetwork(eq(Process.INVALID_UID), eq(request.networkCapabilities),
+                eq(BACKGROUND_REQUEST.ordinal()), any(), anyInt(), any(), eq(TYPE_NONE), anyInt(),
+                eq(testPkgName), eq(testAttributionTag));
+        reset(mService);
+
+        manager.registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(callback, handler);
+        verify(mService).requestNetwork(eq(Process.INVALID_UID), eq(null),
+                eq(TRACK_SYSTEM_DEFAULT.ordinal()), any(), anyInt(), any(), eq(TYPE_NONE), anyInt(),
+                eq(testPkgName), eq(testAttributionTag));
+        reset(mService);
+    }
+
+    static Message makeMessage(NetworkRequest req, int messageType) {
+        Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
+        bundle.putParcelable(NetworkRequest.class.getSimpleName(), req);
+        // Pass default objects as we don't care which get passed here
+        bundle.putParcelable(Network.class.getSimpleName(), new Network(1));
+        bundle.putParcelable(NetworkCapabilities.class.getSimpleName(), new NetworkCapabilities());
+        bundle.putParcelable(LinkProperties.class.getSimpleName(), new LinkProperties());
+        Message msg = Message.obtain();
+        msg.what = messageType;
+        msg.setData(bundle);
+        return msg;
+    }
+
+    static NetworkRequest makeRequest(int requestId) {
+        NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder().clearCapabilities().build();
+        return new NetworkRequest(request.networkCapabilities, ConnectivityManager.TYPE_NONE,
+                requestId, NetworkRequest.Type.NONE);
+    }
+
+    static void expectThrowable(Runnable block, Class<? extends Throwable> throwableType) {
+        try {
+            block.run();
+        } catch (Throwable t) {
+            if (t.getClass().equals(throwableType)) {
+                return;
+            }
+            fail("expected exception of type " + throwableType + ", but was " + t.getClass());
+        }
+        fail("expected exception of type " + throwableType);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/EthernetNetworkUpdateRequestTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/EthernetNetworkUpdateRequestTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca9558b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/EthernetNetworkUpdateRequestTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt.SC_V2;
+import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils.assertParcelingIsLossless;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2)
+public class EthernetNetworkUpdateRequestTest {
+    private IpConfiguration buildIpConfiguration() {
+        return new IpConfiguration.Builder().setHttpProxy(
+                new ProxyInfo("test.example.com", 1234, "")).build();
+    }
+
+    private NetworkCapabilities buildNetworkCapabilities() {
+        return new NetworkCapabilities.Builder().addTransportType(
+                NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET).build();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParcelUnparcel() {
+        EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest reqWithNonNull =
+                new EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest.Builder().setIpConfiguration(
+                        buildIpConfiguration()).setNetworkCapabilities(
+                        buildNetworkCapabilities()).build();
+        EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest reqWithNullCaps =
+                new EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest.Builder().setIpConfiguration(
+                        buildIpConfiguration()).build();
+        EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest reqWithNullConfig =
+                new EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest.Builder().setNetworkCapabilities(
+                        buildNetworkCapabilities()).build();
+
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(reqWithNonNull);
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(reqWithNullCaps);
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(reqWithNullConfig);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEmptyUpdateRequestThrows() {
+        EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest.Builder emptyBuilder =
+                new EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest.Builder();
+        assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () -> emptyBuilder.build());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/Ikev2VpnProfileTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/Ikev2VpnProfileTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8559c20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/Ikev2VpnProfileTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,478 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt.SC_V2;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.test.mock.MockContext;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.internal.net.VpnProfile;
+import com.android.internal.org.bouncycastle.x509.X509V1CertificateGenerator;
+import com.android.net.module.util.ProxyUtils;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.security.KeyPair;
+import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
+import java.security.PrivateKey;
+import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import javax.security.auth.x500.X500Principal;
+
+/** Unit tests for {@link Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder}. */
+@SmallTest
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class Ikev2VpnProfileTest {
+    private static final String SERVER_ADDR_STRING = "1.2.3.4";
+    private static final String IDENTITY_STRING = "Identity";
+    private static final String USERNAME_STRING = "username";
+    private static final String PASSWORD_STRING = "pa55w0rd";
+    private static final String EXCL_LIST = "exclList";
+    private static final byte[] PSK_BYTES = "preSharedKey".getBytes();
+    private static final int TEST_MTU = 1300;
+
+    @Rule
+    public final DevSdkIgnoreRule ignoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
+
+    private final MockContext mMockContext =
+            new MockContext() {
+                @Override
+                public String getOpPackageName() {
+                    return "fooPackage";
+                }
+            };
+    private final ProxyInfo mProxy = ProxyInfo.buildDirectProxy(
+            SERVER_ADDR_STRING, -1, ProxyUtils.exclusionStringAsList(EXCL_LIST));
+
+    private X509Certificate mUserCert;
+    private X509Certificate mServerRootCa;
+    private PrivateKey mPrivateKey;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        mServerRootCa = generateRandomCertAndKeyPair().cert;
+
+        final CertificateAndKey userCertKey = generateRandomCertAndKeyPair();
+        mUserCert = userCertKey.cert;
+        mPrivateKey = userCertKey.key;
+    }
+
+    private Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder getBuilderWithDefaultOptions() {
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder =
+                new Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder(SERVER_ADDR_STRING, IDENTITY_STRING);
+
+        builder.setBypassable(true);
+        builder.setProxy(mProxy);
+        builder.setMaxMtu(TEST_MTU);
+        builder.setMetered(true);
+
+        return builder;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBuildValidProfileWithOptions() throws Exception {
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
+
+        builder.setAuthUsernamePassword(USERNAME_STRING, PASSWORD_STRING, mServerRootCa);
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile profile = builder.build();
+        assertNotNull(profile);
+
+        // Check non-auth parameters correctly stored
+        assertEquals(SERVER_ADDR_STRING, profile.getServerAddr());
+        assertEquals(IDENTITY_STRING, profile.getUserIdentity());
+        assertEquals(mProxy, profile.getProxyInfo());
+        assertTrue(profile.isBypassable());
+        assertTrue(profile.isMetered());
+        assertEquals(TEST_MTU, profile.getMaxMtu());
+        assertEquals(Ikev2VpnProfile.DEFAULT_ALGORITHMS, profile.getAllowedAlgorithms());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBuildUsernamePasswordProfile() throws Exception {
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
+
+        builder.setAuthUsernamePassword(USERNAME_STRING, PASSWORD_STRING, mServerRootCa);
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile profile = builder.build();
+        assertNotNull(profile);
+
+        assertEquals(USERNAME_STRING, profile.getUsername());
+        assertEquals(PASSWORD_STRING, profile.getPassword());
+        assertEquals(mServerRootCa, profile.getServerRootCaCert());
+
+        assertNull(profile.getPresharedKey());
+        assertNull(profile.getRsaPrivateKey());
+        assertNull(profile.getUserCert());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBuildDigitalSignatureProfile() throws Exception {
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
+
+        builder.setAuthDigitalSignature(mUserCert, mPrivateKey, mServerRootCa);
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile profile = builder.build();
+        assertNotNull(profile);
+
+        assertEquals(profile.getUserCert(), mUserCert);
+        assertEquals(mPrivateKey, profile.getRsaPrivateKey());
+        assertEquals(profile.getServerRootCaCert(), mServerRootCa);
+
+        assertNull(profile.getPresharedKey());
+        assertNull(profile.getUsername());
+        assertNull(profile.getPassword());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBuildPresharedKeyProfile() throws Exception {
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
+
+        builder.setAuthPsk(PSK_BYTES);
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile profile = builder.build();
+        assertNotNull(profile);
+
+        assertArrayEquals(PSK_BYTES, profile.getPresharedKey());
+
+        assertNull(profile.getServerRootCaCert());
+        assertNull(profile.getUsername());
+        assertNull(profile.getPassword());
+        assertNull(profile.getRsaPrivateKey());
+        assertNull(profile.getUserCert());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBuildWithAllowedAlgorithmsAead() throws Exception {
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
+        builder.setAuthPsk(PSK_BYTES);
+
+        List<String> allowedAlgorithms =
+                Arrays.asList(
+                        IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM,
+                        IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_CHACHA20_POLY1305);
+        builder.setAllowedAlgorithms(allowedAlgorithms);
+
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile profile = builder.build();
+        assertEquals(allowedAlgorithms, profile.getAllowedAlgorithms());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBuildWithAllowedAlgorithmsNormal() throws Exception {
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
+        builder.setAuthPsk(PSK_BYTES);
+
+        List<String> allowedAlgorithms =
+                Arrays.asList(
+                        IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA512,
+                        IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_AES_XCBC,
+                        IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_AES_CMAC,
+                        IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC,
+                        IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CTR);
+        builder.setAllowedAlgorithms(allowedAlgorithms);
+
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile profile = builder.build();
+        assertEquals(allowedAlgorithms, profile.getAllowedAlgorithms());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetAllowedAlgorithmsEmptyList() throws Exception {
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
+
+        try {
+            builder.setAllowedAlgorithms(new ArrayList<>());
+            fail("Expected exception due to no valid algorithm set");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetAllowedAlgorithmsInvalidList() throws Exception {
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
+        List<String> allowedAlgorithms = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        try {
+            builder.setAllowedAlgorithms(Arrays.asList(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA256));
+            fail("Expected exception due to missing encryption");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+        }
+
+        try {
+            builder.setAllowedAlgorithms(Arrays.asList(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC));
+            fail("Expected exception due to missing authentication");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetAllowedAlgorithmsInsecureAlgorithm() throws Exception {
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
+        List<String> allowedAlgorithms = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        try {
+            builder.setAllowedAlgorithms(Arrays.asList(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_MD5));
+            fail("Expected exception due to insecure algorithm");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+        }
+
+        try {
+            builder.setAllowedAlgorithms(Arrays.asList(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA1));
+            fail("Expected exception due to insecure algorithm");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBuildNoAuthMethodSet() throws Exception {
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
+
+        try {
+            builder.build();
+            fail("Expected exception due to lack of auth method");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    // TODO: Refer to Build.VERSION_CODES.SC_V2 when it's available in AOSP and mainline branch
+    @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2)
+    @Test
+    public void testBuildExcludeLocalRoutesSet() throws Exception {
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
+        builder.setAuthPsk(PSK_BYTES);
+        builder.setLocalRoutesExcluded(true);
+
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile profile = builder.build();
+        assertNotNull(profile);
+        assertTrue(profile.areLocalRoutesExcluded());
+
+        builder.setBypassable(false);
+        try {
+            builder.build();
+            fail("Expected exception because excludeLocalRoutes should be set only"
+                    + " on the bypassable VPN");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBuildInvalidMtu() throws Exception {
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
+
+        try {
+            builder.setMaxMtu(500);
+            fail("Expected exception due to too-small MTU");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void verifyVpnProfileCommon(VpnProfile profile) {
+        assertEquals(SERVER_ADDR_STRING, profile.server);
+        assertEquals(IDENTITY_STRING, profile.ipsecIdentifier);
+        assertEquals(mProxy, profile.proxy);
+        assertTrue(profile.isBypassable);
+        assertTrue(profile.isMetered);
+        assertEquals(TEST_MTU, profile.maxMtu);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPskConvertToVpnProfile() throws Exception {
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
+
+        builder.setAuthPsk(PSK_BYTES);
+        final VpnProfile profile = builder.build().toVpnProfile();
+
+        verifyVpnProfileCommon(profile);
+        assertEquals(Ikev2VpnProfile.encodeForIpsecSecret(PSK_BYTES), profile.ipsecSecret);
+
+        // Check nothing else is set
+        assertEquals("", profile.username);
+        assertEquals("", profile.password);
+        assertEquals("", profile.ipsecUserCert);
+        assertEquals("", profile.ipsecCaCert);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUsernamePasswordConvertToVpnProfile() throws Exception {
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
+
+        builder.setAuthUsernamePassword(USERNAME_STRING, PASSWORD_STRING, mServerRootCa);
+        final VpnProfile profile = builder.build().toVpnProfile();
+
+        verifyVpnProfileCommon(profile);
+        assertEquals(USERNAME_STRING, profile.username);
+        assertEquals(PASSWORD_STRING, profile.password);
+        assertEquals(Ikev2VpnProfile.certificateToPemString(mServerRootCa), profile.ipsecCaCert);
+
+        // Check nothing else is set
+        assertEquals("", profile.ipsecUserCert);
+        assertEquals("", profile.ipsecSecret);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRsaConvertToVpnProfile() throws Exception {
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
+
+        builder.setAuthDigitalSignature(mUserCert, mPrivateKey, mServerRootCa);
+        final VpnProfile profile = builder.build().toVpnProfile();
+
+        final String expectedSecret = Ikev2VpnProfile.PREFIX_INLINE
+                + Ikev2VpnProfile.encodeForIpsecSecret(mPrivateKey.getEncoded());
+        verifyVpnProfileCommon(profile);
+        assertEquals(Ikev2VpnProfile.certificateToPemString(mUserCert), profile.ipsecUserCert);
+        assertEquals(
+                expectedSecret,
+                profile.ipsecSecret);
+        assertEquals(Ikev2VpnProfile.certificateToPemString(mServerRootCa), profile.ipsecCaCert);
+
+        // Check nothing else is set
+        assertEquals("", profile.username);
+        assertEquals("", profile.password);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPskFromVpnProfileDiscardsIrrelevantValues() throws Exception {
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
+
+        builder.setAuthPsk(PSK_BYTES);
+        final VpnProfile profile = builder.build().toVpnProfile();
+        profile.username = USERNAME_STRING;
+        profile.password = PASSWORD_STRING;
+        profile.ipsecCaCert = Ikev2VpnProfile.certificateToPemString(mServerRootCa);
+        profile.ipsecUserCert = Ikev2VpnProfile.certificateToPemString(mUserCert);
+
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile result = Ikev2VpnProfile.fromVpnProfile(profile);
+        assertNull(result.getUsername());
+        assertNull(result.getPassword());
+        assertNull(result.getUserCert());
+        assertNull(result.getRsaPrivateKey());
+        assertNull(result.getServerRootCaCert());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUsernamePasswordFromVpnProfileDiscardsIrrelevantValues() throws Exception {
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
+
+        builder.setAuthUsernamePassword(USERNAME_STRING, PASSWORD_STRING, mServerRootCa);
+        final VpnProfile profile = builder.build().toVpnProfile();
+        profile.ipsecSecret = new String(PSK_BYTES);
+        profile.ipsecUserCert = Ikev2VpnProfile.certificateToPemString(mUserCert);
+
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile result = Ikev2VpnProfile.fromVpnProfile(profile);
+        assertNull(result.getPresharedKey());
+        assertNull(result.getUserCert());
+        assertNull(result.getRsaPrivateKey());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRsaFromVpnProfileDiscardsIrrelevantValues() throws Exception {
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
+
+        builder.setAuthDigitalSignature(mUserCert, mPrivateKey, mServerRootCa);
+        final VpnProfile profile = builder.build().toVpnProfile();
+        profile.username = USERNAME_STRING;
+        profile.password = PASSWORD_STRING;
+
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile result = Ikev2VpnProfile.fromVpnProfile(profile);
+        assertNull(result.getUsername());
+        assertNull(result.getPassword());
+        assertNull(result.getPresharedKey());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPskConversionIsLossless() throws Exception {
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
+
+        builder.setAuthPsk(PSK_BYTES);
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile ikeProfile = builder.build();
+
+        assertEquals(ikeProfile, Ikev2VpnProfile.fromVpnProfile(ikeProfile.toVpnProfile()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUsernamePasswordConversionIsLossless() throws Exception {
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
+
+        builder.setAuthUsernamePassword(USERNAME_STRING, PASSWORD_STRING, mServerRootCa);
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile ikeProfile = builder.build();
+
+        assertEquals(ikeProfile, Ikev2VpnProfile.fromVpnProfile(ikeProfile.toVpnProfile()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRsaConversionIsLossless() throws Exception {
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
+
+        builder.setAuthDigitalSignature(mUserCert, mPrivateKey, mServerRootCa);
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile ikeProfile = builder.build();
+
+        assertEquals(ikeProfile, Ikev2VpnProfile.fromVpnProfile(ikeProfile.toVpnProfile()));
+    }
+
+    private static class CertificateAndKey {
+        public final X509Certificate cert;
+        public final PrivateKey key;
+
+        CertificateAndKey(X509Certificate cert, PrivateKey key) {
+            this.cert = cert;
+            this.key = key;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static CertificateAndKey generateRandomCertAndKeyPair() throws Exception {
+        final Date validityBeginDate =
+                new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() - TimeUnit.DAYS.toMillis(1L));
+        final Date validityEndDate =
+                new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + TimeUnit.DAYS.toMillis(1L));
+
+        // Generate a keypair
+        final KeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
+        keyPairGenerator.initialize(512);
+        final KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair();
+
+        final X500Principal dnName = new X500Principal("CN=test.android.com");
+        final X509V1CertificateGenerator certGen = new X509V1CertificateGenerator();
+        certGen.setSerialNumber(BigInteger.valueOf(System.currentTimeMillis()));
+        certGen.setSubjectDN(dnName);
+        certGen.setIssuerDN(dnName);
+        certGen.setNotBefore(validityBeginDate);
+        certGen.setNotAfter(validityEndDate);
+        certGen.setPublicKey(keyPair.getPublic());
+        certGen.setSignatureAlgorithm("SHA256WithRSAEncryption");
+
+        final X509Certificate cert = certGen.generate(keyPair.getPrivate(), "AndroidOpenSSL");
+        return new CertificateAndKey(cert, keyPair.getPrivate());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/IpMemoryStoreTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/IpMemoryStoreTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b82759
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/IpMemoryStoreTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doNothing;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doThrow;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.ipmemorystore.Blob;
+import android.net.ipmemorystore.IOnStatusListener;
+import android.net.ipmemorystore.NetworkAttributes;
+import android.net.ipmemorystore.NetworkAttributesParcelable;
+import android.net.ipmemorystore.Status;
+import android.net.networkstack.ModuleNetworkStackClient;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.Captor;
+import org.mockito.InOrder;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class IpMemoryStoreTest {
+    private static final String TAG = IpMemoryStoreTest.class.getSimpleName();
+    private static final String TEST_CLIENT_ID = "testClientId";
+    private static final String TEST_DATA_NAME = "testData";
+    private static final String TEST_OTHER_DATA_NAME = TEST_DATA_NAME + "Other";
+    private static final byte[] TEST_BLOB_DATA = new byte[] { -3, 6, 8, -9, 12,
+            -128, 0, 89, 112, 91, -34 };
+    private static final NetworkAttributes TEST_NETWORK_ATTRIBUTES = buildTestNetworkAttributes(
+            "hint", 219);
+
+    @Mock
+    Context mMockContext;
+    @Mock
+    ModuleNetworkStackClient mModuleNetworkStackClient;
+    @Mock
+    IIpMemoryStore mMockService;
+    @Mock
+    IOnStatusListener mIOnStatusListener;
+    IpMemoryStore mStore;
+
+    @Captor
+    ArgumentCaptor<IIpMemoryStoreCallbacks> mCbCaptor;
+    @Captor
+    ArgumentCaptor<NetworkAttributesParcelable> mNapCaptor;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+    }
+
+    private void startIpMemoryStore(boolean supplyService) {
+        if (supplyService) {
+            doAnswer(invocation -> {
+                ((IIpMemoryStoreCallbacks) invocation.getArgument(0))
+                        .onIpMemoryStoreFetched(mMockService);
+                return null;
+            }).when(mModuleNetworkStackClient).fetchIpMemoryStore(any());
+        } else {
+            doNothing().when(mModuleNetworkStackClient).fetchIpMemoryStore(mCbCaptor.capture());
+        }
+        mStore = new IpMemoryStore(mMockContext) {
+            @Override
+            protected ModuleNetworkStackClient getModuleNetworkStackClient(Context ctx) {
+                return mModuleNetworkStackClient;
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static NetworkAttributes buildTestNetworkAttributes(String hint, int mtu) {
+        return new NetworkAttributes.Builder()
+                .setCluster(hint)
+                .setMtu(mtu)
+                .build();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkAttributes() throws Exception {
+        startIpMemoryStore(true /* supplyService */);
+        final String l2Key = "fakeKey";
+
+        mStore.storeNetworkAttributes(l2Key, TEST_NETWORK_ATTRIBUTES,
+                status -> assertTrue("Store not successful : " + status.resultCode,
+                        status.isSuccess()));
+        verify(mMockService, times(1)).storeNetworkAttributes(eq(l2Key),
+                mNapCaptor.capture(), any());
+        assertEquals(TEST_NETWORK_ATTRIBUTES, new NetworkAttributes(mNapCaptor.getValue()));
+
+        mStore.retrieveNetworkAttributes(l2Key,
+                (status, key, attr) -> {
+                    assertTrue("Retrieve network attributes not successful : "
+                            + status.resultCode, status.isSuccess());
+                    assertEquals(l2Key, key);
+                    assertEquals(TEST_NETWORK_ATTRIBUTES, attr);
+                });
+
+        verify(mMockService, times(1)).retrieveNetworkAttributes(eq(l2Key), any());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrivateData() throws RemoteException {
+        startIpMemoryStore(true /* supplyService */);
+        final Blob b = new Blob();
+        b.data = TEST_BLOB_DATA;
+        final String l2Key = "fakeKey";
+
+        mStore.storeBlob(l2Key, TEST_CLIENT_ID, TEST_DATA_NAME, b,
+                status -> {
+                    assertTrue("Store not successful : " + status.resultCode, status.isSuccess());
+                });
+        verify(mMockService, times(1)).storeBlob(eq(l2Key), eq(TEST_CLIENT_ID), eq(TEST_DATA_NAME),
+                eq(b), any());
+
+        mStore.retrieveBlob(l2Key, TEST_CLIENT_ID, TEST_OTHER_DATA_NAME,
+                (status, key, name, data) -> {
+                    assertTrue("Retrieve blob status not successful : " + status.resultCode,
+                            status.isSuccess());
+                    assertEquals(l2Key, key);
+                    assertEquals(name, TEST_DATA_NAME);
+                    assertTrue(Arrays.equals(b.data, data.data));
+                });
+        verify(mMockService, times(1)).retrieveBlob(eq(l2Key), eq(TEST_CLIENT_ID),
+                eq(TEST_OTHER_DATA_NAME), any());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFindL2Key()
+            throws UnknownHostException, RemoteException, Exception {
+        startIpMemoryStore(true /* supplyService */);
+        final String l2Key = "fakeKey";
+
+        mStore.findL2Key(TEST_NETWORK_ATTRIBUTES,
+                (status, key) -> {
+                    assertTrue("Retrieve network sameness not successful : " + status.resultCode,
+                            status.isSuccess());
+                    assertEquals(l2Key, key);
+                });
+        verify(mMockService, times(1)).findL2Key(mNapCaptor.capture(), any());
+        assertEquals(TEST_NETWORK_ATTRIBUTES, new NetworkAttributes(mNapCaptor.getValue()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIsSameNetwork() throws UnknownHostException, RemoteException {
+        startIpMemoryStore(true /* supplyService */);
+        final String l2Key1 = "fakeKey1";
+        final String l2Key2 = "fakeKey2";
+
+        mStore.isSameNetwork(l2Key1, l2Key2,
+                (status, answer) -> {
+                    assertFalse("Retrieve network sameness suspiciously successful : "
+                            + status.resultCode, status.isSuccess());
+                    assertEquals(Status.ERROR_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, status.resultCode);
+                    assertNull(answer);
+                });
+        verify(mMockService, times(1)).isSameNetwork(eq(l2Key1), eq(l2Key2), any());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEnqueuedIpMsRequests() throws Exception {
+        startIpMemoryStore(false /* supplyService */);
+
+        final Blob b = new Blob();
+        b.data = TEST_BLOB_DATA;
+        final String l2Key = "fakeKey";
+
+        // enqueue multiple ipms requests
+        mStore.storeNetworkAttributes(l2Key, TEST_NETWORK_ATTRIBUTES,
+                status -> assertTrue("Store not successful : " + status.resultCode,
+                        status.isSuccess()));
+        mStore.retrieveNetworkAttributes(l2Key,
+                (status, key, attr) -> {
+                    assertTrue("Retrieve network attributes not successful : "
+                            + status.resultCode, status.isSuccess());
+                    assertEquals(l2Key, key);
+                    assertEquals(TEST_NETWORK_ATTRIBUTES, attr);
+                });
+        mStore.storeBlob(l2Key, TEST_CLIENT_ID, TEST_DATA_NAME, b,
+                status -> assertTrue("Store not successful : " + status.resultCode,
+                        status.isSuccess()));
+        mStore.retrieveBlob(l2Key, TEST_CLIENT_ID, TEST_OTHER_DATA_NAME,
+                (status, key, name, data) -> {
+                    assertTrue("Retrieve blob status not successful : " + status.resultCode,
+                            status.isSuccess());
+                    assertEquals(l2Key, key);
+                    assertEquals(name, TEST_DATA_NAME);
+                    assertTrue(Arrays.equals(b.data, data.data));
+                });
+
+        // get ipms service ready
+        mCbCaptor.getValue().onIpMemoryStoreFetched(mMockService);
+
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mMockService);
+
+        inOrder.verify(mMockService).storeNetworkAttributes(eq(l2Key), mNapCaptor.capture(), any());
+        inOrder.verify(mMockService).retrieveNetworkAttributes(eq(l2Key), any());
+        inOrder.verify(mMockService).storeBlob(eq(l2Key), eq(TEST_CLIENT_ID), eq(TEST_DATA_NAME),
+                eq(b), any());
+        inOrder.verify(mMockService).retrieveBlob(eq(l2Key), eq(TEST_CLIENT_ID),
+                eq(TEST_OTHER_DATA_NAME), any());
+        assertEquals(TEST_NETWORK_ATTRIBUTES, new NetworkAttributes(mNapCaptor.getValue()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEnqueuedIpMsRequestsWithException() throws Exception {
+        startIpMemoryStore(true /* supplyService */);
+        doThrow(RemoteException.class).when(mMockService).retrieveNetworkAttributes(any(), any());
+
+        final Blob b = new Blob();
+        b.data = TEST_BLOB_DATA;
+        final String l2Key = "fakeKey";
+
+        // enqueue multiple ipms requests
+        mStore.storeNetworkAttributes(l2Key, TEST_NETWORK_ATTRIBUTES,
+                status -> assertTrue("Store not successful : " + status.resultCode,
+                        status.isSuccess()));
+        mStore.retrieveNetworkAttributes(l2Key,
+                (status, key, attr) -> {
+                    assertTrue("Retrieve network attributes not successful : "
+                            + status.resultCode, status.isSuccess());
+                    assertEquals(l2Key, key);
+                    assertEquals(TEST_NETWORK_ATTRIBUTES, attr);
+                });
+        mStore.storeBlob(l2Key, TEST_CLIENT_ID, TEST_DATA_NAME, b,
+                status -> assertTrue("Store not successful : " + status.resultCode,
+                        status.isSuccess()));
+        mStore.retrieveBlob(l2Key, TEST_CLIENT_ID, TEST_OTHER_DATA_NAME,
+                (status, key, name, data) -> {
+                    assertTrue("Retrieve blob status not successful : " + status.resultCode,
+                            status.isSuccess());
+                    assertEquals(l2Key, key);
+                    assertEquals(name, TEST_DATA_NAME);
+                    assertTrue(Arrays.equals(b.data, data.data));
+                });
+
+        // verify the rest of the queue is still processed in order even if the remote exception
+        // occurs when calling one or more requests
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mMockService);
+
+        inOrder.verify(mMockService).storeNetworkAttributes(eq(l2Key), mNapCaptor.capture(), any());
+        inOrder.verify(mMockService).storeBlob(eq(l2Key), eq(TEST_CLIENT_ID), eq(TEST_DATA_NAME),
+                eq(b), any());
+        inOrder.verify(mMockService).retrieveBlob(eq(l2Key), eq(TEST_CLIENT_ID),
+                eq(TEST_OTHER_DATA_NAME), any());
+        assertEquals(TEST_NETWORK_ATTRIBUTES, new NetworkAttributes(mNapCaptor.getValue()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEnqueuedIpMsRequestsCallbackFunctionWithException() throws Exception {
+        startIpMemoryStore(true /* supplyService */);
+
+        final Blob b = new Blob();
+        b.data = TEST_BLOB_DATA;
+        final String l2Key = "fakeKey";
+
+        // enqueue multiple ipms requests
+        mStore.storeNetworkAttributes(l2Key, TEST_NETWORK_ATTRIBUTES,
+                status -> assertTrue("Store not successful : " + status.resultCode,
+                        status.isSuccess()));
+        mStore.retrieveNetworkAttributes(l2Key,
+                (status, key, attr) -> {
+                    throw new RuntimeException("retrieveNetworkAttributes test");
+                });
+        mStore.storeBlob(l2Key, TEST_CLIENT_ID, TEST_DATA_NAME, b,
+                status -> {
+                    throw new RuntimeException("storeBlob test");
+                });
+        mStore.retrieveBlob(l2Key, TEST_CLIENT_ID, TEST_OTHER_DATA_NAME,
+                (status, key, name, data) -> {
+                    assertTrue("Retrieve blob status not successful : " + status.resultCode,
+                            status.isSuccess());
+                    assertEquals(l2Key, key);
+                    assertEquals(name, TEST_DATA_NAME);
+                    assertTrue(Arrays.equals(b.data, data.data));
+                });
+
+        // verify the rest of the queue is still processed in order even if when one or more
+        // callback throw the remote exception
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mMockService);
+
+        inOrder.verify(mMockService).storeNetworkAttributes(eq(l2Key), mNapCaptor.capture(),
+                any());
+        inOrder.verify(mMockService).retrieveNetworkAttributes(eq(l2Key), any());
+        inOrder.verify(mMockService).storeBlob(eq(l2Key), eq(TEST_CLIENT_ID), eq(TEST_DATA_NAME),
+                eq(b), any());
+        inOrder.verify(mMockService).retrieveBlob(eq(l2Key), eq(TEST_CLIENT_ID),
+                eq(TEST_OTHER_DATA_NAME), any());
+        assertEquals(TEST_NETWORK_ATTRIBUTES, new NetworkAttributes(mNapCaptor.getValue()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFactoryReset() throws RemoteException {
+        startIpMemoryStore(true /* supplyService */);
+        mStore.factoryReset();
+        verify(mMockService, times(1)).factoryReset();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/IpSecAlgorithmTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/IpSecAlgorithmTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c473e82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/IpSecAlgorithmTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.ALGO_TO_REQUIRED_FIRST_SDK;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+
+import android.content.res.Resources;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.internal.util.CollectionUtils;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.util.AbstractMap.SimpleEntry;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+import java.util.Random;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/** Unit tests for {@link IpSecAlgorithm}. */
+@SmallTest
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class IpSecAlgorithmTest {
+    private static final byte[] KEY_MATERIAL;
+
+    private final Resources mMockResources = mock(Resources.class);
+
+    static {
+        KEY_MATERIAL = new byte[128];
+        new Random().nextBytes(KEY_MATERIAL);
+    };
+
+    private static byte[] generateKey(int keyLenInBits) {
+        return Arrays.copyOf(KEY_MATERIAL, keyLenInBits / 8);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNoTruncLen() throws Exception {
+        Entry<String, Integer>[] authAndAeadList =
+                new Entry[] {
+                    new SimpleEntry<>(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_MD5, 128),
+                    new SimpleEntry<>(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA1, 160),
+                    new SimpleEntry<>(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA256, 256),
+                    new SimpleEntry<>(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA384, 384),
+                    new SimpleEntry<>(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA512, 512),
+                    new SimpleEntry<>(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, 224),
+                };
+
+        // Expect auth and aead algorithms to throw errors if trunclen is omitted.
+        for (Entry<String, Integer> algData : authAndAeadList) {
+            try {
+                new IpSecAlgorithm(
+                        algData.getKey(), Arrays.copyOf(KEY_MATERIAL, algData.getValue() / 8));
+                fail("Expected exception on unprovided auth trunclen");
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Ensure crypt works with no truncation length supplied.
+        new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, Arrays.copyOf(KEY_MATERIAL, 256 / 8));
+    }
+
+    private void checkAuthKeyAndTruncLenValidation(String algoName, int keyLen, int truncLen)
+            throws Exception {
+        new IpSecAlgorithm(algoName, generateKey(keyLen), truncLen);
+
+        try {
+            new IpSecAlgorithm(algoName, generateKey(keyLen));
+            fail("Expected exception on unprovided auth trunclen");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException pass) {
+        }
+
+        try {
+            new IpSecAlgorithm(algoName, generateKey(keyLen + 8), truncLen);
+            fail("Invalid key length not validated");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException pass) {
+        }
+
+        try {
+            new IpSecAlgorithm(algoName, generateKey(keyLen), truncLen + 1);
+            fail("Invalid truncation length not validated");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException pass) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void checkCryptKeyLenValidation(String algoName, int keyLen) throws Exception {
+        new IpSecAlgorithm(algoName, generateKey(keyLen));
+
+        try {
+            new IpSecAlgorithm(algoName, generateKey(keyLen + 8));
+            fail("Invalid key length not validated");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException pass) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testValidationForAlgosAddedInS() throws Exception {
+        if (Build.VERSION.DEVICE_INITIAL_SDK_INT <= Build.VERSION_CODES.R) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        for (int len : new int[] {160, 224, 288}) {
+            checkCryptKeyLenValidation(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CTR, len);
+        }
+        checkAuthKeyAndTruncLenValidation(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_AES_XCBC, 128, 96);
+        checkAuthKeyAndTruncLenValidation(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_AES_CMAC, 128, 96);
+        checkAuthKeyAndTruncLenValidation(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_CHACHA20_POLY1305, 288, 128);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTruncLenValidation() throws Exception {
+        for (int truncLen : new int[] {256, 512}) {
+            new IpSecAlgorithm(
+                    IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA512,
+                    Arrays.copyOf(KEY_MATERIAL, 512 / 8),
+                    truncLen);
+        }
+
+        for (int truncLen : new int[] {255, 513}) {
+            try {
+                new IpSecAlgorithm(
+                        IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA512,
+                        Arrays.copyOf(KEY_MATERIAL, 512 / 8),
+                        truncLen);
+                fail("Invalid truncation length not validated");
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException pass) {
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLenValidation() throws Exception {
+        for (int len : new int[] {128, 192, 256}) {
+            new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, Arrays.copyOf(KEY_MATERIAL, len / 8));
+        }
+        try {
+            new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, Arrays.copyOf(KEY_MATERIAL, 384 / 8));
+            fail("Invalid key length not validated");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException pass) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAlgoNameValidation() throws Exception {
+        try {
+            new IpSecAlgorithm("rot13", Arrays.copyOf(KEY_MATERIAL, 128 / 8));
+            fail("Invalid algorithm name not validated");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException pass) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParcelUnparcel() throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm init =
+                new IpSecAlgorithm(
+                        IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA512, Arrays.copyOf(KEY_MATERIAL, 512 / 8), 256);
+
+        Parcel p = Parcel.obtain();
+        p.setDataPosition(0);
+        init.writeToParcel(p, 0);
+
+        p.setDataPosition(0);
+        IpSecAlgorithm fin = IpSecAlgorithm.CREATOR.createFromParcel(p);
+        assertTrue("Parcel/Unparcel failed!", IpSecAlgorithm.equals(init, fin));
+        p.recycle();
+    }
+
+    private static Set<String> getMandatoryAlgos() {
+        return CollectionUtils.filter(
+                ALGO_TO_REQUIRED_FIRST_SDK.keySet(),
+                i -> Build.VERSION.DEVICE_INITIAL_SDK_INT >= ALGO_TO_REQUIRED_FIRST_SDK.get(i));
+    }
+
+    private static Set<String> getOptionalAlgos() {
+        return CollectionUtils.filter(
+                ALGO_TO_REQUIRED_FIRST_SDK.keySet(),
+                i -> Build.VERSION.DEVICE_INITIAL_SDK_INT < ALGO_TO_REQUIRED_FIRST_SDK.get(i));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetSupportedAlgorithms() throws Exception {
+        assertTrue(IpSecAlgorithm.getSupportedAlgorithms().containsAll(getMandatoryAlgos()));
+        assertTrue(ALGO_TO_REQUIRED_FIRST_SDK.keySet().containsAll(
+                IpSecAlgorithm.getSupportedAlgorithms()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLoadAlgos() throws Exception {
+        final Set<String> optionalAlgoSet = getOptionalAlgos();
+        final String[] optionalAlgos = optionalAlgoSet.toArray(new String[0]);
+
+        // Query the identifier instead of using the R.array constant, as the test may be built
+        // separately from the platform and they may not match.
+        final int resId = Resources.getSystem().getIdentifier("config_optionalIpSecAlgorithms",
+                "array", "android");
+        doReturn(optionalAlgos).when(mMockResources).getStringArray(resId);
+
+        final Set<String> enabledAlgos = new HashSet<>(IpSecAlgorithm.loadAlgos(mMockResources));
+        final Set<String> expectedAlgos = ALGO_TO_REQUIRED_FIRST_SDK.keySet();
+
+        assertEquals(expectedAlgos, enabledAlgos);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/IpSecConfigTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/IpSecConfigTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b87cb48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/IpSecConfigTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils.assertParcelSane;
+import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils.assertParcelingIsLossless;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotSame;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+
+import android.os.Build;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+/** Unit tests for {@link IpSecConfig}. */
+@SmallTest
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class IpSecConfigTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDefaults() throws Exception {
+        IpSecConfig c = new IpSecConfig();
+        assertEquals(IpSecTransform.MODE_TRANSPORT, c.getMode());
+        assertEquals("", c.getSourceAddress());
+        assertEquals("", c.getDestinationAddress());
+        assertNull(c.getNetwork());
+        assertEquals(IpSecTransform.ENCAP_NONE, c.getEncapType());
+        assertEquals(IpSecManager.INVALID_RESOURCE_ID, c.getEncapSocketResourceId());
+        assertEquals(0, c.getEncapRemotePort());
+        assertEquals(0, c.getNattKeepaliveInterval());
+        assertNull(c.getEncryption());
+        assertNull(c.getAuthentication());
+        assertEquals(IpSecManager.INVALID_RESOURCE_ID, c.getSpiResourceId());
+        assertEquals(0, c.getXfrmInterfaceId());
+    }
+
+    private IpSecConfig getSampleConfig() {
+        IpSecConfig c = new IpSecConfig();
+        c.setMode(IpSecTransform.MODE_TUNNEL);
+        c.setSourceAddress("0.0.0.0");
+        c.setDestinationAddress("1.2.3.4");
+        c.setSpiResourceId(1984);
+        c.setEncryption(
+                new IpSecAlgorithm(
+                        IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC,
+                        new byte[] {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0xA, 0xB, 0xC, 0xD, 0xE, 0xF}));
+        c.setAuthentication(
+                new IpSecAlgorithm(
+                        IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_MD5,
+                        new byte[] {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0xA, 0xB, 0xC, 0xD, 0xE, 0xF, 0},
+                        128));
+        c.setAuthenticatedEncryption(
+                new IpSecAlgorithm(
+                        IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM,
+                        new byte[] {
+                            1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0xA, 0xB, 0xC, 0xD, 0xE, 0xF, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
+                        },
+                        128));
+        c.setEncapType(android.system.OsConstants.UDP_ENCAP_ESPINUDP);
+        c.setEncapSocketResourceId(7);
+        c.setEncapRemotePort(22);
+        c.setNattKeepaliveInterval(42);
+        c.setMarkValue(12);
+        c.setMarkMask(23);
+        c.setXfrmInterfaceId(34);
+
+        return c;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCopyConstructor() {
+        IpSecConfig original = getSampleConfig();
+        IpSecConfig copy = new IpSecConfig(original);
+
+        assertEquals(original, copy);
+        assertNotSame(original, copy);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParcelUnparcel() {
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(new IpSecConfig());
+
+        IpSecConfig c = getSampleConfig();
+        assertParcelSane(c, 15);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/IpSecManagerTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/IpSecManagerTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cda8eb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/IpSecManagerTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_DGRAM;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyInt;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyObject;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyString;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.system.Os;
+import android.test.mock.MockContext;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.server.IpSecService;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.Socket;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+
+/** Unit tests for {@link IpSecManager}. */
+@SmallTest
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class IpSecManagerTest {
+
+    private static final int TEST_UDP_ENCAP_PORT = 34567;
+    private static final int DROID_SPI = 0xD1201D;
+    private static final int DUMMY_RESOURCE_ID = 0x1234;
+
+    private static final InetAddress GOOGLE_DNS_4;
+    private static final String VTI_INTF_NAME = "ipsec_test";
+    private static final InetAddress VTI_LOCAL_ADDRESS;
+    private static final LinkAddress VTI_INNER_ADDRESS = new LinkAddress("10.0.1.1/24");
+
+    static {
+        try {
+            // Google Public DNS Addresses;
+            GOOGLE_DNS_4 = InetAddress.getByName("8.8.8.8");
+            VTI_LOCAL_ADDRESS = InetAddress.getByName("8.8.4.4");
+        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Could not resolve DNS Addresses", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private IpSecService mMockIpSecService;
+    private IpSecManager mIpSecManager;
+    private MockContext mMockContext = new MockContext() {
+        @Override
+        public String getOpPackageName() {
+            return "fooPackage";
+        }
+    };
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        mMockIpSecService = mock(IpSecService.class);
+        mIpSecManager = new IpSecManager(mMockContext, mMockIpSecService);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Allocate a specific SPI
+     * Close SPIs
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testAllocSpi() throws Exception {
+        IpSecSpiResponse spiResp =
+                new IpSecSpiResponse(IpSecManager.Status.OK, DUMMY_RESOURCE_ID, DROID_SPI);
+        when(mMockIpSecService.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(
+                        eq(GOOGLE_DNS_4.getHostAddress()),
+                        eq(DROID_SPI),
+                        anyObject()))
+                .thenReturn(spiResp);
+
+        IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex droidSpi =
+                mIpSecManager.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(GOOGLE_DNS_4, DROID_SPI);
+        assertEquals(DROID_SPI, droidSpi.getSpi());
+
+        droidSpi.close();
+
+        verify(mMockIpSecService).releaseSecurityParameterIndex(DUMMY_RESOURCE_ID);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAllocRandomSpi() throws Exception {
+        IpSecSpiResponse spiResp =
+                new IpSecSpiResponse(IpSecManager.Status.OK, DUMMY_RESOURCE_ID, DROID_SPI);
+        when(mMockIpSecService.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(
+                        eq(GOOGLE_DNS_4.getHostAddress()),
+                        eq(IpSecManager.INVALID_SECURITY_PARAMETER_INDEX),
+                        anyObject()))
+                .thenReturn(spiResp);
+
+        IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex randomSpi =
+                mIpSecManager.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(GOOGLE_DNS_4);
+
+        assertEquals(DROID_SPI, randomSpi.getSpi());
+
+        randomSpi.close();
+
+        verify(mMockIpSecService).releaseSecurityParameterIndex(DUMMY_RESOURCE_ID);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Throws resource unavailable exception
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testAllocSpiResUnavailableException() throws Exception {
+        IpSecSpiResponse spiResp =
+                new IpSecSpiResponse(IpSecManager.Status.RESOURCE_UNAVAILABLE, 0, 0);
+        when(mMockIpSecService.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(
+                        anyString(), anyInt(), anyObject()))
+                .thenReturn(spiResp);
+
+        try {
+            mIpSecManager.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(GOOGLE_DNS_4);
+            fail("ResourceUnavailableException was not thrown");
+        } catch (IpSecManager.ResourceUnavailableException e) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Throws spi unavailable exception
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testAllocSpiSpiUnavailableException() throws Exception {
+        IpSecSpiResponse spiResp = new IpSecSpiResponse(IpSecManager.Status.SPI_UNAVAILABLE, 0, 0);
+        when(mMockIpSecService.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(
+                        anyString(), anyInt(), anyObject()))
+                .thenReturn(spiResp);
+
+        try {
+            mIpSecManager.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(GOOGLE_DNS_4);
+            fail("ResourceUnavailableException was not thrown");
+        } catch (IpSecManager.ResourceUnavailableException e) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Should throw exception when request spi 0 in IpSecManager
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testRequestAllocInvalidSpi() throws Exception {
+        try {
+            mIpSecManager.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(GOOGLE_DNS_4, 0);
+            fail("Able to allocate invalid spi");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOpenEncapsulationSocket() throws Exception {
+        IpSecUdpEncapResponse udpEncapResp =
+                new IpSecUdpEncapResponse(
+                        IpSecManager.Status.OK,
+                        DUMMY_RESOURCE_ID,
+                        TEST_UDP_ENCAP_PORT,
+                        Os.socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP));
+        when(mMockIpSecService.openUdpEncapsulationSocket(eq(TEST_UDP_ENCAP_PORT), anyObject()))
+                .thenReturn(udpEncapResp);
+
+        IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket encapSocket =
+                mIpSecManager.openUdpEncapsulationSocket(TEST_UDP_ENCAP_PORT);
+        assertNotNull(encapSocket.getFileDescriptor());
+        assertEquals(TEST_UDP_ENCAP_PORT, encapSocket.getPort());
+
+        encapSocket.close();
+
+        verify(mMockIpSecService).closeUdpEncapsulationSocket(DUMMY_RESOURCE_ID);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testApplyTransportModeTransformEnsuresSocketCreation() throws Exception {
+        Socket socket = new Socket();
+        IpSecConfig dummyConfig = new IpSecConfig();
+        IpSecTransform dummyTransform = new IpSecTransform(null, dummyConfig);
+
+        // Even if underlying SocketImpl is not initalized, this should force the init, and
+        // thereby succeed.
+        mIpSecManager.applyTransportModeTransform(
+                socket, IpSecManager.DIRECTION_IN, dummyTransform);
+
+        // Check to make sure the FileDescriptor is non-null
+        assertNotNull(socket.getFileDescriptor$());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRemoveTransportModeTransformsForcesSocketCreation() throws Exception {
+        Socket socket = new Socket();
+
+        // Even if underlying SocketImpl is not initalized, this should force the init, and
+        // thereby succeed.
+        mIpSecManager.removeTransportModeTransforms(socket);
+
+        // Check to make sure the FileDescriptor is non-null
+        assertNotNull(socket.getFileDescriptor$());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOpenEncapsulationSocketOnRandomPort() throws Exception {
+        IpSecUdpEncapResponse udpEncapResp =
+                new IpSecUdpEncapResponse(
+                        IpSecManager.Status.OK,
+                        DUMMY_RESOURCE_ID,
+                        TEST_UDP_ENCAP_PORT,
+                        Os.socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP));
+
+        when(mMockIpSecService.openUdpEncapsulationSocket(eq(0), anyObject()))
+                .thenReturn(udpEncapResp);
+
+        IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket encapSocket =
+                mIpSecManager.openUdpEncapsulationSocket();
+
+        assertNotNull(encapSocket.getFileDescriptor());
+        assertEquals(TEST_UDP_ENCAP_PORT, encapSocket.getPort());
+
+        encapSocket.close();
+
+        verify(mMockIpSecService).closeUdpEncapsulationSocket(DUMMY_RESOURCE_ID);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOpenEncapsulationSocketWithInvalidPort() throws Exception {
+        try {
+            mIpSecManager.openUdpEncapsulationSocket(IpSecManager.INVALID_SECURITY_PARAMETER_INDEX);
+            fail("IllegalArgumentException was not thrown");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    // TODO: add test when applicable transform builder interface is available
+
+    private IpSecManager.IpSecTunnelInterface createAndValidateVti(int resourceId, String intfName)
+            throws Exception {
+        IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse dummyResponse =
+                new IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse(IpSecManager.Status.OK, resourceId, intfName);
+        when(mMockIpSecService.createTunnelInterface(
+                eq(VTI_LOCAL_ADDRESS.getHostAddress()), eq(GOOGLE_DNS_4.getHostAddress()),
+                anyObject(), anyObject(), anyString()))
+                        .thenReturn(dummyResponse);
+
+        IpSecManager.IpSecTunnelInterface tunnelIntf = mIpSecManager.createIpSecTunnelInterface(
+                VTI_LOCAL_ADDRESS, GOOGLE_DNS_4, mock(Network.class));
+
+        assertNotNull(tunnelIntf);
+        return tunnelIntf;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateVti() throws Exception {
+        IpSecManager.IpSecTunnelInterface tunnelIntf =
+                createAndValidateVti(DUMMY_RESOURCE_ID, VTI_INTF_NAME);
+
+        assertEquals(VTI_INTF_NAME, tunnelIntf.getInterfaceName());
+
+        tunnelIntf.close();
+        verify(mMockIpSecService).deleteTunnelInterface(eq(DUMMY_RESOURCE_ID), anyString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAddRemoveAddressesFromVti() throws Exception {
+        IpSecManager.IpSecTunnelInterface tunnelIntf =
+                createAndValidateVti(DUMMY_RESOURCE_ID, VTI_INTF_NAME);
+
+        tunnelIntf.addAddress(VTI_INNER_ADDRESS.getAddress(),
+                VTI_INNER_ADDRESS.getPrefixLength());
+        verify(mMockIpSecService)
+                .addAddressToTunnelInterface(
+                        eq(DUMMY_RESOURCE_ID), eq(VTI_INNER_ADDRESS), anyString());
+
+        tunnelIntf.removeAddress(VTI_INNER_ADDRESS.getAddress(),
+                VTI_INNER_ADDRESS.getPrefixLength());
+        verify(mMockIpSecService)
+                .addAddressToTunnelInterface(
+                        eq(DUMMY_RESOURCE_ID), eq(VTI_INNER_ADDRESS), anyString());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/IpSecTransformTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/IpSecTransformTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..81375f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/IpSecTransformTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+
+import android.os.Build;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+/** Unit tests for {@link IpSecTransform}. */
+@SmallTest
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class IpSecTransformTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateTransformCopiesConfig() {
+        // Create a config with a few parameters to make sure it's not empty
+        IpSecConfig config = new IpSecConfig();
+        config.setSourceAddress("0.0.0.0");
+        config.setDestinationAddress("1.2.3.4");
+        config.setSpiResourceId(1984);
+
+        IpSecTransform preModification = new IpSecTransform(null, config);
+
+        config.setSpiResourceId(1985);
+        IpSecTransform postModification = new IpSecTransform(null, config);
+
+        assertNotEquals(preModification, postModification);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateTransformsWithSameConfigEqual() {
+        // Create a config with a few parameters to make sure it's not empty
+        IpSecConfig config = new IpSecConfig();
+        config.setSourceAddress("0.0.0.0");
+        config.setDestinationAddress("1.2.3.4");
+        config.setSpiResourceId(1984);
+
+        IpSecTransform config1 = new IpSecTransform(null, config);
+        IpSecTransform config2 = new IpSecTransform(null, config);
+
+        assertEquals(config1, config2);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/KeepalivePacketDataUtilTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/KeepalivePacketDataUtilTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6afa4e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/KeepalivePacketDataUtilTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils.assertParcelingIsLossless;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import android.net.util.KeepalivePacketDataUtil;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.server.connectivity.TcpKeepaliveController;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public final class KeepalivePacketDataUtilTest {
+    private static final byte[] IPV4_KEEPALIVE_SRC_ADDR = {10, 0, 0, 1};
+    private static final byte[] IPV4_KEEPALIVE_DST_ADDR = {10, 0, 0, 5};
+
+    private Log.TerribleFailureHandler mOriginalHandler;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() {
+        // Terrible failures are logged when using deprecated methods on newer platforms
+        mOriginalHandler = Log.setWtfHandler((tag, what, sys) ->
+                Log.e(tag, "Terrible failure in test", what));
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() {
+        Log.setWtfHandler(mOriginalHandler);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFromTcpKeepaliveStableParcelable() throws Exception {
+        final int srcPort = 1234;
+        final int dstPort = 4321;
+        final int seq = 0x11111111;
+        final int ack = 0x22222222;
+        final int wnd = 8000;
+        final int wndScale = 2;
+        final int tos = 4;
+        final int ttl = 64;
+        TcpKeepalivePacketData resultData = null;
+        final TcpKeepalivePacketDataParcelable testInfo = new TcpKeepalivePacketDataParcelable();
+        testInfo.srcAddress = IPV4_KEEPALIVE_SRC_ADDR;
+        testInfo.srcPort = srcPort;
+        testInfo.dstAddress = IPV4_KEEPALIVE_DST_ADDR;
+        testInfo.dstPort = dstPort;
+        testInfo.seq = seq;
+        testInfo.ack = ack;
+        testInfo.rcvWnd = wnd;
+        testInfo.rcvWndScale = wndScale;
+        testInfo.tos = tos;
+        testInfo.ttl = ttl;
+        try {
+            resultData = TcpKeepaliveController.fromStableParcelable(testInfo);
+        } catch (InvalidPacketException e) {
+            fail("InvalidPacketException: " + e);
+        }
+
+        assertEquals(InetAddress.getByAddress(testInfo.srcAddress), resultData.getSrcAddress());
+        assertEquals(InetAddress.getByAddress(testInfo.dstAddress), resultData.getDstAddress());
+        assertEquals(testInfo.srcPort, resultData.getSrcPort());
+        assertEquals(testInfo.dstPort, resultData.getDstPort());
+        assertEquals(testInfo.seq, resultData.tcpSeq);
+        assertEquals(testInfo.ack, resultData.tcpAck);
+        assertEquals(testInfo.rcvWnd, resultData.tcpWindow);
+        assertEquals(testInfo.rcvWndScale, resultData.tcpWindowScale);
+        assertEquals(testInfo.tos, resultData.ipTos);
+        assertEquals(testInfo.ttl, resultData.ipTtl);
+
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(resultData);
+
+        final byte[] packet = resultData.getPacket();
+        // IP version and IHL
+        assertEquals(packet[0], 0x45);
+        // TOS
+        assertEquals(packet[1], tos);
+        // TTL
+        assertEquals(packet[8], ttl);
+        // Source IP address.
+        byte[] ip = new byte[4];
+        ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.wrap(packet, 12, 4);
+        buf.get(ip);
+        assertArrayEquals(ip, IPV4_KEEPALIVE_SRC_ADDR);
+        // Destination IP address.
+        buf = ByteBuffer.wrap(packet, 16, 4);
+        buf.get(ip);
+        assertArrayEquals(ip, IPV4_KEEPALIVE_DST_ADDR);
+
+        buf = ByteBuffer.wrap(packet, 20, 12);
+        // Source port.
+        assertEquals(buf.getShort(), srcPort);
+        // Destination port.
+        assertEquals(buf.getShort(), dstPort);
+        // Sequence number.
+        assertEquals(buf.getInt(), seq);
+        // Ack.
+        assertEquals(buf.getInt(), ack);
+        // Window size.
+        buf = ByteBuffer.wrap(packet, 34, 2);
+        assertEquals(buf.getShort(), wnd >> wndScale);
+    }
+
+    //TODO: add ipv6 test when ipv6 supported
+
+    @Test
+    public void testToTcpKeepaliveStableParcelable() throws Exception {
+        final int srcPort = 1234;
+        final int dstPort = 4321;
+        final int sequence = 0x11111111;
+        final int ack = 0x22222222;
+        final int wnd = 48_000;
+        final int wndScale = 2;
+        final int tos = 4;
+        final int ttl = 64;
+        final TcpKeepalivePacketDataParcelable testInfo = new TcpKeepalivePacketDataParcelable();
+        testInfo.srcAddress = IPV4_KEEPALIVE_SRC_ADDR;
+        testInfo.srcPort = srcPort;
+        testInfo.dstAddress = IPV4_KEEPALIVE_DST_ADDR;
+        testInfo.dstPort = dstPort;
+        testInfo.seq = sequence;
+        testInfo.ack = ack;
+        testInfo.rcvWnd = wnd;
+        testInfo.rcvWndScale = wndScale;
+        testInfo.tos = tos;
+        testInfo.ttl = ttl;
+        TcpKeepalivePacketData testData = null;
+        TcpKeepalivePacketDataParcelable resultData = null;
+        testData = TcpKeepaliveController.fromStableParcelable(testInfo);
+        resultData = KeepalivePacketDataUtil.toStableParcelable(testData);
+        assertArrayEquals(resultData.srcAddress, IPV4_KEEPALIVE_SRC_ADDR);
+        assertArrayEquals(resultData.dstAddress, IPV4_KEEPALIVE_DST_ADDR);
+        assertEquals(resultData.srcPort, srcPort);
+        assertEquals(resultData.dstPort, dstPort);
+        assertEquals(resultData.seq, sequence);
+        assertEquals(resultData.ack, ack);
+        assertEquals(resultData.rcvWnd, wnd);
+        assertEquals(resultData.rcvWndScale, wndScale);
+        assertEquals(resultData.tos, tos);
+        assertEquals(resultData.ttl, ttl);
+
+        final String expected = TcpKeepalivePacketDataParcelable.class.getName()
+                + "{srcAddress: [10, 0, 0, 1],"
+                + " srcPort: 1234, dstAddress: [10, 0, 0, 5], dstPort: 4321, seq: 286331153,"
+                + " ack: 572662306, rcvWnd: 48000, rcvWndScale: 2, tos: 4, ttl: 64}";
+        assertEquals(expected, resultData.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParseTcpKeepalivePacketData() throws Exception {
+        final int srcPort = 1234;
+        final int dstPort = 4321;
+        final int sequence = 0x11111111;
+        final int ack = 0x22222222;
+        final int wnd = 4800;
+        final int wndScale = 2;
+        final int tos = 4;
+        final int ttl = 64;
+        final TcpKeepalivePacketDataParcelable testParcel = new TcpKeepalivePacketDataParcelable();
+        testParcel.srcAddress = IPV4_KEEPALIVE_SRC_ADDR;
+        testParcel.srcPort = srcPort;
+        testParcel.dstAddress = IPV4_KEEPALIVE_DST_ADDR;
+        testParcel.dstPort = dstPort;
+        testParcel.seq = sequence;
+        testParcel.ack = ack;
+        testParcel.rcvWnd = wnd;
+        testParcel.rcvWndScale = wndScale;
+        testParcel.tos = tos;
+        testParcel.ttl = ttl;
+
+        final KeepalivePacketData testData =
+                TcpKeepaliveController.fromStableParcelable(testParcel);
+        final TcpKeepalivePacketDataParcelable parsedParcelable =
+                KeepalivePacketDataUtil.parseTcpKeepalivePacketData(testData);
+        final TcpKeepalivePacketData roundTripData =
+                TcpKeepaliveController.fromStableParcelable(parsedParcelable);
+
+        // Generated packet is the same, but rcvWnd / wndScale will differ if scale is non-zero
+        assertTrue(testData.getPacket().length > 0);
+        assertArrayEquals(testData.getPacket(), roundTripData.getPacket());
+
+        testParcel.rcvWndScale = 0;
+        final KeepalivePacketData noScaleTestData =
+                TcpKeepaliveController.fromStableParcelable(testParcel);
+        final TcpKeepalivePacketDataParcelable noScaleParsedParcelable =
+                KeepalivePacketDataUtil.parseTcpKeepalivePacketData(noScaleTestData);
+        final TcpKeepalivePacketData noScaleRoundTripData =
+                TcpKeepaliveController.fromStableParcelable(noScaleParsedParcelable);
+        assertEquals(noScaleTestData, noScaleRoundTripData);
+        assertTrue(noScaleTestData.getPacket().length > 0);
+        assertArrayEquals(noScaleTestData.getPacket(), noScaleRoundTripData.getPacket());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/MacAddressTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/MacAddressTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae7deaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/MacAddressTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import android.os.Build;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.MacAddressUtils;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Random;
+
+@SmallTest
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class MacAddressTest {
+
+    static class AddrTypeTestCase {
+        byte[] addr;
+        int expectedType;
+
+        static AddrTypeTestCase of(int expectedType, int... addr) {
+            AddrTypeTestCase t = new AddrTypeTestCase();
+            t.expectedType = expectedType;
+            t.addr = toByteArray(addr);
+            return t;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMacAddrTypes() {
+        AddrTypeTestCase[] testcases = {
+            AddrTypeTestCase.of(MacAddress.TYPE_UNKNOWN),
+            AddrTypeTestCase.of(MacAddress.TYPE_UNKNOWN, 0),
+            AddrTypeTestCase.of(MacAddress.TYPE_UNKNOWN, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5),
+            AddrTypeTestCase.of(MacAddress.TYPE_UNKNOWN, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7),
+            AddrTypeTestCase.of(MacAddress.TYPE_UNICAST, 0xa0, 0xb0, 0xc0, 0xd0, 0xe0, 0xf0),
+            AddrTypeTestCase.of(MacAddress.TYPE_BROADCAST, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff),
+            AddrTypeTestCase.of(MacAddress.TYPE_MULTICAST, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6),
+            AddrTypeTestCase.of(MacAddress.TYPE_MULTICAST, 11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66),
+            AddrTypeTestCase.of(MacAddress.TYPE_MULTICAST, 33, 33, 0xaa, 0xbb, 0xcc, 0xdd)
+        };
+
+        for (AddrTypeTestCase t : testcases) {
+            int got = MacAddress.macAddressType(t.addr);
+            String msg = String.format("expected type of %s to be %s, but got %s",
+                    Arrays.toString(t.addr), t.expectedType, got);
+            assertEquals(msg, t.expectedType, got);
+
+            if (got != MacAddress.TYPE_UNKNOWN) {
+                assertEquals(got, MacAddress.fromBytes(t.addr).getAddressType());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testToOuiString() {
+        String[][] macs = {
+            {"07:00:d3:56:8a:c4", "07:00:d3"},
+            {"33:33:aa:bb:cc:dd", "33:33:aa"},
+            {"06:00:00:00:00:00", "06:00:00"},
+            {"07:00:d3:56:8a:c4", "07:00:d3"}
+        };
+
+        for (String[] pair : macs) {
+            String mac = pair[0];
+            String expected = pair[1];
+            assertEquals(expected, MacAddress.fromString(mac).toOuiString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHexPaddingWhenPrinting() {
+        String[] macs = {
+            "07:00:d3:56:8a:c4",
+            "33:33:aa:bb:cc:dd",
+            "06:00:00:00:00:00",
+            "07:00:d3:56:8a:c4"
+        };
+
+        for (String mac : macs) {
+            assertEquals(mac, MacAddress.fromString(mac).toString());
+            assertEquals(mac,
+                    MacAddress.stringAddrFromByteAddr(MacAddress.byteAddrFromStringAddr(mac)));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIsMulticastAddress() {
+        MacAddress[] multicastAddresses = {
+            MacAddress.BROADCAST_ADDRESS,
+            MacAddress.fromString("07:00:d3:56:8a:c4"),
+            MacAddress.fromString("33:33:aa:bb:cc:dd"),
+        };
+        MacAddress[] unicastAddresses = {
+            MacAddress.ALL_ZEROS_ADDRESS,
+            MacAddress.fromString("00:01:44:55:66:77"),
+            MacAddress.fromString("08:00:22:33:44:55"),
+            MacAddress.fromString("06:00:00:00:00:00"),
+        };
+
+        for (MacAddress mac : multicastAddresses) {
+            String msg = mac.toString() + " expected to be a multicast address";
+            assertTrue(msg, MacAddressUtils.isMulticastAddress(mac));
+        }
+        for (MacAddress mac : unicastAddresses) {
+            String msg = mac.toString() + " expected not to be a multicast address";
+            assertFalse(msg, MacAddressUtils.isMulticastAddress(mac));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIsLocallyAssignedAddress() {
+        MacAddress[] localAddresses = {
+            MacAddress.fromString("06:00:00:00:00:00"),
+            MacAddress.fromString("07:00:d3:56:8a:c4"),
+            MacAddress.fromString("33:33:aa:bb:cc:dd"),
+        };
+        MacAddress[] universalAddresses = {
+            MacAddress.fromString("00:01:44:55:66:77"),
+            MacAddress.fromString("08:00:22:33:44:55"),
+        };
+
+        for (MacAddress mac : localAddresses) {
+            String msg = mac.toString() + " expected to be a locally assigned address";
+            assertTrue(msg, mac.isLocallyAssigned());
+        }
+        for (MacAddress mac : universalAddresses) {
+            String msg = mac.toString() + " expected not to be globally unique address";
+            assertFalse(msg, mac.isLocallyAssigned());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMacAddressConversions() {
+        final int iterations = 10000;
+        for (int i = 0; i < iterations; i++) {
+            MacAddress mac = MacAddressUtils.createRandomUnicastAddress();
+
+            String stringRepr = mac.toString();
+            byte[] bytesRepr = mac.toByteArray();
+
+            assertEquals(mac, MacAddress.fromString(stringRepr));
+            assertEquals(mac, MacAddress.fromBytes(bytesRepr));
+
+            assertEquals(mac, MacAddress.fromString(MacAddress.stringAddrFromByteAddr(bytesRepr)));
+            assertEquals(mac, MacAddress.fromBytes(MacAddress.byteAddrFromStringAddr(stringRepr)));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMacAddressRandomGeneration() {
+        final int iterations = 1000;
+        final String expectedAndroidOui = "da:a1:19";
+        for (int i = 0; i < iterations; i++) {
+            MacAddress mac = MacAddress.createRandomUnicastAddressWithGoogleBase();
+            String stringRepr = mac.toString();
+
+            assertTrue(stringRepr + " expected to be a locally assigned address",
+                    mac.isLocallyAssigned());
+            assertTrue(stringRepr + " expected to begin with " + expectedAndroidOui,
+                    stringRepr.startsWith(expectedAndroidOui));
+        }
+
+        final Random r = new Random();
+        final String anotherOui = "24:5f:78";
+        final String expectedLocalOui = "26:5f:78";
+        final MacAddress base = MacAddress.fromString(anotherOui + ":0:0:0");
+        for (int i = 0; i < iterations; i++) {
+            MacAddress mac = MacAddressUtils.createRandomUnicastAddress(base, r);
+            String stringRepr = mac.toString();
+
+            assertTrue(stringRepr + " expected to be a locally assigned address",
+                    mac.isLocallyAssigned());
+            assertEquals(MacAddress.TYPE_UNICAST, mac.getAddressType());
+            assertTrue(stringRepr + " expected to begin with " + expectedLocalOui,
+                    stringRepr.startsWith(expectedLocalOui));
+        }
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < iterations; i++) {
+            MacAddress mac = MacAddressUtils.createRandomUnicastAddress();
+            String stringRepr = mac.toString();
+
+            assertTrue(stringRepr + " expected to be a locally assigned address",
+                    mac.isLocallyAssigned());
+            assertEquals(MacAddress.TYPE_UNICAST, mac.getAddressType());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConstructorInputValidation() {
+        String[] invalidStringAddresses = {
+            "",
+            "abcd",
+            "1:2:3:4:5",
+            "1:2:3:4:5:6:7",
+            "10000:2:3:4:5:6",
+        };
+
+        for (String s : invalidStringAddresses) {
+            try {
+                MacAddress mac = MacAddress.fromString(s);
+                fail("MacAddress.fromString(" + s + ") should have failed, but returned " + mac);
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException excepted) {
+            }
+        }
+
+        try {
+            MacAddress mac = MacAddress.fromString(null);
+            fail("MacAddress.fromString(null) should have failed, but returned " + mac);
+        } catch (NullPointerException excepted) {
+        }
+
+        byte[][] invalidBytesAddresses = {
+            {},
+            {1,2,3,4,5},
+            {1,2,3,4,5,6,7},
+        };
+
+        for (byte[] b : invalidBytesAddresses) {
+            try {
+                MacAddress mac = MacAddress.fromBytes(b);
+                fail("MacAddress.fromBytes(" + Arrays.toString(b)
+                        + ") should have failed, but returned " + mac);
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException excepted) {
+            }
+        }
+
+        try {
+            MacAddress mac = MacAddress.fromBytes(null);
+            fail("MacAddress.fromBytes(null) should have failed, but returned " + mac);
+        } catch (NullPointerException excepted) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMatches() {
+        // match 4 bytes prefix
+        assertTrue(MacAddress.fromString("aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:11").matches(
+                MacAddress.fromString("aa:bb:cc:dd:00:00"),
+                MacAddress.fromString("ff:ff:ff:ff:00:00")));
+
+        // match bytes 0,1,2 and 5
+        assertTrue(MacAddress.fromString("aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:11").matches(
+                MacAddress.fromString("aa:bb:cc:00:00:11"),
+                MacAddress.fromString("ff:ff:ff:00:00:ff")));
+
+        // match 34 bit prefix
+        assertTrue(MacAddress.fromString("aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:11").matches(
+                MacAddress.fromString("aa:bb:cc:dd:c0:00"),
+                MacAddress.fromString("ff:ff:ff:ff:c0:00")));
+
+        // fail to match 36 bit prefix
+        assertFalse(MacAddress.fromString("aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:11").matches(
+                MacAddress.fromString("aa:bb:cc:dd:40:00"),
+                MacAddress.fromString("ff:ff:ff:ff:f0:00")));
+
+        // match all 6 bytes
+        assertTrue(MacAddress.fromString("aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:11").matches(
+                MacAddress.fromString("aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:11"),
+                MacAddress.fromString("ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff")));
+
+        // match none of 6 bytes
+        assertTrue(MacAddress.fromString("aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:11").matches(
+                MacAddress.fromString("00:00:00:00:00:00"),
+                MacAddress.fromString("00:00:00:00:00:00")));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests that link-local address generation from MAC is valid.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testLinkLocalFromMacGeneration() {
+        MacAddress mac = MacAddress.fromString("52:74:f2:b1:a8:7f");
+        byte[] inet6ll = {(byte) 0xfe, (byte) 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x50, 0x74,
+            (byte) 0xf2, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xfe, (byte) 0xb1, (byte) 0xa8, 0x7f};
+        Inet6Address llv6 = mac.getLinkLocalIpv6FromEui48Mac();
+        assertTrue(llv6.isLinkLocalAddress());
+        assertArrayEquals(inet6ll, llv6.getAddress());
+    }
+
+    static byte[] toByteArray(int... in) {
+        byte[] out = new byte[in.length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < in.length; i++) {
+            out[i] = (byte) in[i];
+        }
+        return out;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkIdentityTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkIdentityTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf5568d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkIdentityTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net
+
+import android.content.Context
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.MAX_NETWORK_TYPE
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_ETHERNET
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_NONE
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR
+import android.net.NetworkIdentity.OEM_NONE
+import android.net.NetworkIdentity.OEM_PAID
+import android.net.NetworkIdentity.OEM_PRIVATE
+import android.net.NetworkIdentity.getOemBitfield
+import android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager
+import android.os.Build
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.Mockito.mock
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith
+import kotlin.test.assertFalse
+import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+
+private const val TEST_WIFI_KEY = "testwifikey"
+private const val TEST_IMSI1 = "testimsi1"
+private const val TEST_IMSI2 = "testimsi2"
+private const val TEST_SUBID1 = 1
+private const val TEST_SUBID2 = 2
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+class NetworkIdentityTest {
+    private val mockContext = mock(Context::class.java)
+
+    private fun buildMobileNetworkStateSnapshot(
+        caps: NetworkCapabilities,
+        subscriberId: String
+    ): NetworkStateSnapshot {
+        return NetworkStateSnapshot(mock(Network::class.java), caps,
+                LinkProperties(), subscriberId, TYPE_MOBILE)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetOemBitfield() {
+        val oemNone = NetworkCapabilities().apply {
+            setCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID, false)
+            setCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE, false)
+        }
+        val oemPaid = NetworkCapabilities().apply {
+            setCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID, true)
+            setCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE, false)
+        }
+        val oemPrivate = NetworkCapabilities().apply {
+            setCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID, false)
+            setCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE, true)
+        }
+        val oemAll = NetworkCapabilities().apply {
+            setCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID, true)
+            setCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE, true)
+        }
+
+        assertEquals(getOemBitfield(oemNone), OEM_NONE)
+        assertEquals(getOemBitfield(oemPaid), OEM_PAID)
+        assertEquals(getOemBitfield(oemPrivate), OEM_PRIVATE)
+        assertEquals(getOemBitfield(oemAll), OEM_PAID or OEM_PRIVATE)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testIsMetered() {
+        // Verify network is metered.
+        val netIdent1 = NetworkIdentity.buildNetworkIdentity(mockContext,
+                buildMobileNetworkStateSnapshot(NetworkCapabilities(), TEST_IMSI1),
+                false /* defaultNetwork */, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS)
+        assertTrue(netIdent1.isMetered())
+
+        // Verify network is not metered because it has NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED capability.
+        val capsNotMetered = NetworkCapabilities.Builder().apply {
+            addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
+        }.build()
+        val netIdent2 = NetworkIdentity.buildNetworkIdentity(mockContext,
+                buildMobileNetworkStateSnapshot(capsNotMetered, TEST_IMSI1),
+                false /* defaultNetwork */, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS)
+        assertFalse(netIdent2.isMetered())
+
+        // Verify network is not metered because it has NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED
+        // capability .
+        val capsTempNotMetered = NetworkCapabilities().apply {
+            setCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED, true)
+        }
+        val netIdent3 = NetworkIdentity.buildNetworkIdentity(mockContext,
+                buildMobileNetworkStateSnapshot(capsTempNotMetered, TEST_IMSI1),
+                false /* defaultNetwork */, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS)
+        assertFalse(netIdent3.isMetered())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testBuilder() {
+        val specifier1 = TelephonyNetworkSpecifier(TEST_SUBID1)
+        val oemPrivateRoamingNotMeteredCap = NetworkCapabilities().apply {
+            addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE)
+            addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
+            addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+            setNetworkSpecifier(specifier1)
+        }
+        val identFromSnapshot = NetworkIdentity.Builder().setNetworkStateSnapshot(
+                buildMobileNetworkStateSnapshot(oemPrivateRoamingNotMeteredCap, TEST_IMSI1))
+                .setDefaultNetwork(true)
+                .setRatType(TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS)
+                .setSubId(TEST_SUBID1)
+                .build()
+        val identFromLegacyBuild = NetworkIdentity.buildNetworkIdentity(mockContext,
+                buildMobileNetworkStateSnapshot(oemPrivateRoamingNotMeteredCap, TEST_IMSI1),
+                true /* defaultNetwork */, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS)
+        val identFromConstructor = NetworkIdentity(TYPE_MOBILE,
+                TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS,
+                TEST_IMSI1,
+                null /* wifiNetworkKey */,
+                true /* roaming */,
+                false /* metered */,
+                true /* defaultNetwork */,
+                NetworkTemplate.OEM_MANAGED_PRIVATE,
+                TEST_SUBID1)
+        assertEquals(identFromLegacyBuild, identFromSnapshot)
+        assertEquals(identFromConstructor, identFromSnapshot)
+
+        // Assert non-wifi can't have wifi network key.
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
+            NetworkIdentity.Builder()
+                    .setType(TYPE_ETHERNET)
+                    .setWifiNetworkKey(TEST_WIFI_KEY)
+                    .build()
+        }
+
+        // Assert non-mobile can't have ratType.
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
+            NetworkIdentity.Builder()
+                    .setType(TYPE_WIFI)
+                    .setRatType(TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE)
+                    .build()
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testBuilder_type() {
+        // Assert illegal type values cannot make an identity.
+        listOf(Integer.MIN_VALUE, TYPE_NONE - 1, MAX_NETWORK_TYPE + 1, Integer.MAX_VALUE)
+                .forEach { type ->
+                    assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
+                        NetworkIdentity.Builder().setType(type).build()
+                    }
+                }
+
+        // Verify legitimate type values can make an identity.
+        for (type in TYPE_NONE..MAX_NETWORK_TYPE) {
+            NetworkIdentity.Builder().setType(type).build().also {
+                assertEquals(it.type, type)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testBuilder_ratType() {
+        // Assert illegal ratTypes cannot make an identity.
+        listOf(Integer.MIN_VALUE, NetworkTemplate.NETWORK_TYPE_ALL,
+                NetworkStatsManager.NETWORK_TYPE_5G_NSA - 1, Integer.MAX_VALUE)
+                .forEach {
+                    assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
+                        NetworkIdentity.Builder()
+                                .setType(TYPE_MOBILE)
+                                .setRatType(it)
+                                .build()
+                    }
+                }
+
+        // Verify legitimate ratTypes can make an identity.
+        TelephonyManager.getAllNetworkTypes().toMutableList().also {
+            it.add(TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN)
+            it.add(NetworkStatsManager.NETWORK_TYPE_5G_NSA)
+        }.forEach { rat ->
+            NetworkIdentity.Builder()
+                    .setType(TYPE_MOBILE)
+                    .setRatType(rat)
+                    .build().also {
+                        assertEquals(it.ratType, rat)
+                    }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testBuilder_oemManaged() {
+        // Assert illegal oemManage values cannot make an identity.
+        listOf(Integer.MIN_VALUE, NetworkTemplate.OEM_MANAGED_ALL, NetworkTemplate.OEM_MANAGED_YES,
+                Integer.MAX_VALUE)
+                .forEach { oemManaged ->
+                    assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
+                        NetworkIdentity.Builder()
+                                .setType(TYPE_MOBILE)
+                                .setOemManaged(oemManaged)
+                                .build()
+                    }
+                }
+
+        // Verify legitimate oem managed values can make an identity.
+        listOf(NetworkTemplate.OEM_MANAGED_NO, NetworkTemplate.OEM_MANAGED_PAID,
+                NetworkTemplate.OEM_MANAGED_PRIVATE, NetworkTemplate.OEM_MANAGED_PAID or
+                NetworkTemplate.OEM_MANAGED_PRIVATE)
+                .forEach { oemManaged ->
+                    NetworkIdentity.Builder()
+                            .setOemManaged(oemManaged)
+                            .build().also {
+                                assertEquals(it.oemManaged, oemManaged)
+                            }
+                }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetSubId() {
+        val specifier1 = TelephonyNetworkSpecifier(TEST_SUBID1)
+        val specifier2 = TelephonyNetworkSpecifier(TEST_SUBID2)
+        val capSUBID1 = NetworkCapabilities().apply {
+            addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+            setNetworkSpecifier(specifier1)
+        }
+        val capSUBID2 = NetworkCapabilities().apply {
+            addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+            setNetworkSpecifier(specifier2)
+        }
+
+        val netIdent1 = NetworkIdentity.buildNetworkIdentity(mockContext,
+                buildMobileNetworkStateSnapshot(capSUBID1, TEST_IMSI1),
+                false /* defaultNetwork */, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS)
+        assertEquals(TEST_SUBID1, netIdent1.getSubId())
+
+        val netIdent2 = NetworkIdentity.buildNetworkIdentity(mockContext,
+                buildMobileNetworkStateSnapshot(capSUBID2, TEST_IMSI2),
+                false /* defaultNetwork */, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS)
+        assertEquals(TEST_SUBID2, netIdent2.getSubId())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStatsAccessTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStatsAccessTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..97a93ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStatsAccessTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt.SC_V2;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.Manifest;
+import android.Manifest.permission;
+import android.app.AppOpsManager;
+import android.app.admin.DevicePolicyManager;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2) // TODO: Use to Build.VERSION_CODES.SC_V2 when available
+public class NetworkStatsAccessTest {
+    private static final String TEST_PKG = "com.example.test";
+    private static final int TEST_PID = 1234;
+    private static final int TEST_UID = 12345;
+
+    @Mock private Context mContext;
+    @Mock private DevicePolicyManager mDpm;
+    @Mock private TelephonyManager mTm;
+    @Mock private AppOpsManager mAppOps;
+
+    // Hold the real service so we can restore it when tearing down the test.
+    private DevicePolicyManager mSystemDpm;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+
+        when(mContext.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE)).thenReturn(mTm);
+        when(mContext.getSystemService(Context.APP_OPS_SERVICE)).thenReturn(mAppOps);
+        when(mContext.getSystemServiceName(DevicePolicyManager.class))
+                .thenReturn(Context.DEVICE_POLICY_SERVICE);
+        when(mContext.getSystemService(Context.DEVICE_POLICY_SERVICE)).thenReturn(mDpm);
+
+        setHasCarrierPrivileges(false);
+        setIsDeviceOwner(false);
+        setIsProfileOwner(false);
+        setHasAppOpsPermission(AppOpsManager.MODE_DEFAULT, false);
+        setHasReadHistoryPermission(false);
+        setHasNetworkStackPermission(false);
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCheckAccessLevel_hasCarrierPrivileges() throws Exception {
+        setHasCarrierPrivileges(true);
+        assertEquals(NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEVICE,
+                NetworkStatsAccess.checkAccessLevel(mContext, TEST_PID, TEST_UID, TEST_PKG));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCheckAccessLevel_isDeviceOwner() throws Exception {
+        setIsDeviceOwner(true);
+        assertEquals(NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEVICE,
+                NetworkStatsAccess.checkAccessLevel(mContext, TEST_PID, TEST_UID, TEST_PKG));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCheckAccessLevel_isProfileOwner() throws Exception {
+        setIsProfileOwner(true);
+        assertEquals(NetworkStatsAccess.Level.USER,
+                NetworkStatsAccess.checkAccessLevel(mContext, TEST_PID, TEST_UID, TEST_PKG));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCheckAccessLevel_hasAppOpsBitAllowed() throws Exception {
+        setIsProfileOwner(true);
+        setHasAppOpsPermission(AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED, false);
+        assertEquals(NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEVICESUMMARY,
+                NetworkStatsAccess.checkAccessLevel(mContext, TEST_PID, TEST_UID, TEST_PKG));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCheckAccessLevel_hasAppOpsBitDefault_grantedPermission() throws Exception {
+        setIsProfileOwner(true);
+        setHasAppOpsPermission(AppOpsManager.MODE_DEFAULT, true);
+        assertEquals(NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEVICESUMMARY,
+                NetworkStatsAccess.checkAccessLevel(mContext, TEST_PID, TEST_UID, TEST_PKG));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCheckAccessLevel_hasReadHistoryPermission() throws Exception {
+        setIsProfileOwner(true);
+        setHasReadHistoryPermission(true);
+        assertEquals(NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEVICESUMMARY,
+                NetworkStatsAccess.checkAccessLevel(mContext, TEST_PID, TEST_UID, TEST_PKG));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCheckAccessLevel_deniedAppOpsBit() throws Exception {
+        setHasAppOpsPermission(AppOpsManager.MODE_ERRORED, true);
+        assertEquals(NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEFAULT,
+                NetworkStatsAccess.checkAccessLevel(mContext, TEST_PID, TEST_UID, TEST_PKG));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCheckAccessLevel_deniedAppOpsBit_deniedPermission() throws Exception {
+        assertEquals(NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEFAULT,
+                NetworkStatsAccess.checkAccessLevel(mContext, TEST_PID, TEST_UID, TEST_PKG));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCheckAccessLevel_hasNetworkStackPermission() throws Exception {
+        assertEquals(NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEFAULT,
+                NetworkStatsAccess.checkAccessLevel(mContext, TEST_PID, TEST_UID, TEST_PKG));
+
+        setHasNetworkStackPermission(true);
+        assertEquals(NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEVICE,
+                NetworkStatsAccess.checkAccessLevel(mContext, TEST_PID, TEST_UID, TEST_PKG));
+
+        setHasNetworkStackPermission(false);
+        assertEquals(NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEFAULT,
+                NetworkStatsAccess.checkAccessLevel(mContext, TEST_PID, TEST_UID, TEST_PKG));
+    }
+
+    private void setHasCarrierPrivileges(boolean hasPrivileges) {
+        when(mTm.checkCarrierPrivilegesForPackageAnyPhone(TEST_PKG)).thenReturn(
+                hasPrivileges ? TelephonyManager.CARRIER_PRIVILEGE_STATUS_HAS_ACCESS
+                        : TelephonyManager.CARRIER_PRIVILEGE_STATUS_NO_ACCESS);
+    }
+
+    private void setIsDeviceOwner(boolean isOwner) {
+        when(mDpm.isDeviceOwnerApp(TEST_PKG)).thenReturn(isOwner);
+    }
+
+    private void setIsProfileOwner(boolean isOwner) {
+        when(mDpm.isProfileOwnerApp(TEST_PKG)).thenReturn(isOwner);
+    }
+
+    private void setHasAppOpsPermission(int appOpsMode, boolean hasPermission) {
+        when(mAppOps.noteOp(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_GET_USAGE_STATS, TEST_UID, TEST_PKG,
+                null /* attributionTag */, null /* message */)).thenReturn(appOpsMode);
+        when(mContext.checkCallingPermission(Manifest.permission.PACKAGE_USAGE_STATS)).thenReturn(
+                hasPermission ? PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
+                        : PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED);
+    }
+
+    private void setHasReadHistoryPermission(boolean hasPermission) {
+        when(mContext.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(permission.READ_NETWORK_USAGE_HISTORY))
+                .thenReturn(hasPermission ? PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
+                        : PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED);
+    }
+
+    private void setHasNetworkStackPermission(boolean hasPermission) {
+        when(mContext.checkPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+                TEST_PID, TEST_UID)).thenReturn(hasPermission ? PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
+                : PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStatsCollectionTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStatsCollectionTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f02850
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStatsCollectionTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,606 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE;
+import static android.net.NetworkIdentity.OEM_NONE;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.SET_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.SET_DEFAULT;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.UID_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStatsHistory.FIELD_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateMobileAll;
+import static android.os.Process.myUid;
+import static android.text.format.DateUtils.HOUR_IN_MILLIS;
+import static android.text.format.DateUtils.MINUTE_IN_MILLIS;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStatsUtils.multiplySafeByRational;
+import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt.SC_V2;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertThrows;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import android.content.res.Resources;
+import android.os.Process;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
+import android.telephony.SubscriptionPlan;
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
+import android.text.format.DateUtils;
+import android.util.RecurrenceRule;
+
+import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.frameworks.tests.net.R;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import libcore.io.IoUtils;
+import libcore.io.Streams;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.Mockito;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.time.Clock;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.time.ZoneId;
+import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * Tests for {@link NetworkStatsCollection}.
+ */
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2) // TODO: Use to Build.VERSION_CODES.SC_V2 when available
+public class NetworkStatsCollectionTest {
+
+    private static final String TEST_FILE = "test.bin";
+    private static final String TEST_IMSI = "310260000000000";
+    private static final int TEST_SUBID = 1;
+
+    private static final long TIME_A = 1326088800000L; // UTC: Monday 9th January 2012 06:00:00 AM
+    private static final long TIME_B = 1326110400000L; // UTC: Monday 9th January 2012 12:00:00 PM
+    private static final long TIME_C = 1326132000000L; // UTC: Monday 9th January 2012 06:00:00 PM
+
+    private static Clock sOriginalClock;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        sOriginalClock = RecurrenceRule.sClock;
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        RecurrenceRule.sClock = sOriginalClock;
+    }
+
+    private void setClock(Instant instant) {
+        RecurrenceRule.sClock = Clock.fixed(instant, ZoneId.systemDefault());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadLegacyNetwork() throws Exception {
+        final File testFile =
+                new File(InstrumentationRegistry.getContext().getFilesDir(), TEST_FILE);
+        stageFile(R.raw.netstats_v1, testFile);
+
+        final NetworkStatsCollection collection = new NetworkStatsCollection(30 * MINUTE_IN_MILLIS);
+        collection.readLegacyNetwork(testFile);
+
+        // verify that history read correctly
+        assertSummaryTotal(collection, buildTemplateMobileAll(TEST_IMSI),
+                636014522L, 709291L, 88037144L, 518820L, NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEVICE);
+
+        // now export into a unified format
+        final ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        collection.write(bos);
+
+        // clear structure completely
+        collection.reset();
+        assertSummaryTotal(collection, buildTemplateMobileAll(TEST_IMSI),
+                0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEVICE);
+
+        // and read back into structure, verifying that totals are same
+        collection.read(new ByteArrayInputStream(bos.toByteArray()));
+        assertSummaryTotal(collection, buildTemplateMobileAll(TEST_IMSI),
+                636014522L, 709291L, 88037144L, 518820L, NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEVICE);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadLegacyUid() throws Exception {
+        final File testFile =
+                new File(InstrumentationRegistry.getContext().getFilesDir(), TEST_FILE);
+        stageFile(R.raw.netstats_uid_v4, testFile);
+
+        final NetworkStatsCollection collection = new NetworkStatsCollection(30 * MINUTE_IN_MILLIS);
+        collection.readLegacyUid(testFile, false);
+
+        // verify that history read correctly
+        assertSummaryTotal(collection, buildTemplateMobileAll(TEST_IMSI),
+                637073904L, 711398L, 88342093L, 521006L, NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEVICE);
+
+        // now export into a unified format
+        final ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        collection.write(bos);
+
+        // clear structure completely
+        collection.reset();
+        assertSummaryTotal(collection, buildTemplateMobileAll(TEST_IMSI),
+                0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEVICE);
+
+        // and read back into structure, verifying that totals are same
+        collection.read(new ByteArrayInputStream(bos.toByteArray()));
+        assertSummaryTotal(collection, buildTemplateMobileAll(TEST_IMSI),
+                637073904L, 711398L, 88342093L, 521006L, NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEVICE);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadLegacyUidTags() throws Exception {
+        final File testFile =
+                new File(InstrumentationRegistry.getContext().getFilesDir(), TEST_FILE);
+        stageFile(R.raw.netstats_uid_v4, testFile);
+
+        final NetworkStatsCollection collection = new NetworkStatsCollection(30 * MINUTE_IN_MILLIS);
+        collection.readLegacyUid(testFile, true);
+
+        // verify that history read correctly
+        assertSummaryTotalIncludingTags(collection, buildTemplateMobileAll(TEST_IMSI),
+                77017831L, 100995L, 35436758L, 92344L);
+
+        // now export into a unified format
+        final ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        collection.write(bos);
+
+        // clear structure completely
+        collection.reset();
+        assertSummaryTotalIncludingTags(collection, buildTemplateMobileAll(TEST_IMSI),
+                0L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
+
+        // and read back into structure, verifying that totals are same
+        collection.read(new ByteArrayInputStream(bos.toByteArray()));
+        assertSummaryTotalIncludingTags(collection, buildTemplateMobileAll(TEST_IMSI),
+                77017831L, 100995L, 35436758L, 92344L);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartEndAtomicBuckets() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkStatsCollection collection = new NetworkStatsCollection(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+
+        // record empty data straddling between buckets
+        final NetworkStats.Entry entry = new NetworkStats.Entry();
+        entry.rxBytes = 32;
+        collection.recordData(Mockito.mock(NetworkIdentitySet.class), UID_ALL, SET_DEFAULT,
+                TAG_NONE, 30 * MINUTE_IN_MILLIS, 90 * MINUTE_IN_MILLIS, entry);
+
+        // assert that we report boundary in atomic buckets
+        assertEquals(0, collection.getStartMillis());
+        assertEquals(2 * HOUR_IN_MILLIS, collection.getEndMillis());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAccessLevels() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkStatsCollection collection = new NetworkStatsCollection(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        final NetworkStats.Entry entry = new NetworkStats.Entry();
+        final NetworkIdentitySet identSet = new NetworkIdentitySet();
+        identSet.add(new NetworkIdentity(TYPE_MOBILE, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN,
+                TEST_IMSI, null, false, true, true, OEM_NONE, TEST_SUBID));
+
+        int myUid = Process.myUid();
+        int otherUidInSameUser = Process.myUid() + 1;
+        int uidInDifferentUser = Process.myUid() + UserHandle.PER_USER_RANGE;
+
+        // Record one entry for the current UID.
+        entry.rxBytes = 32;
+        collection.recordData(identSet, myUid, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 0, 60 * MINUTE_IN_MILLIS,
+                entry);
+
+        // Record one entry for another UID in this user.
+        entry.rxBytes = 64;
+        collection.recordData(identSet, otherUidInSameUser, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 0,
+                60 * MINUTE_IN_MILLIS, entry);
+
+        // Record one entry for the system UID.
+        entry.rxBytes = 128;
+        collection.recordData(identSet, Process.SYSTEM_UID, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 0,
+                60 * MINUTE_IN_MILLIS, entry);
+
+        // Record one entry for a UID in a different user.
+        entry.rxBytes = 256;
+        collection.recordData(identSet, uidInDifferentUser, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 0,
+                60 * MINUTE_IN_MILLIS, entry);
+
+        // Verify the set of relevant UIDs for each access level.
+        assertArrayEquals(new int[] { myUid },
+                collection.getRelevantUids(NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEFAULT));
+        assertArrayEquals(new int[] { Process.SYSTEM_UID, myUid, otherUidInSameUser },
+                collection.getRelevantUids(NetworkStatsAccess.Level.USER));
+        assertArrayEquals(
+                new int[] { Process.SYSTEM_UID, myUid, otherUidInSameUser, uidInDifferentUser },
+                collection.getRelevantUids(NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEVICE));
+
+        // Verify security check in getHistory.
+        assertNotNull(collection.getHistory(buildTemplateMobileAll(TEST_IMSI), null,
+                myUid, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 0, 0L, 0L, NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEFAULT, myUid));
+        try {
+            collection.getHistory(buildTemplateMobileAll(TEST_IMSI), null, otherUidInSameUser,
+                    SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 0, 0L, 0L, NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEFAULT, myUid);
+            fail("Should have thrown SecurityException for accessing different UID");
+        } catch (SecurityException e) {
+            // expected
+        }
+
+        // Verify appropriate aggregation in getSummary.
+        assertSummaryTotal(collection, buildTemplateMobileAll(TEST_IMSI), 32, 0, 0, 0,
+                NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEFAULT);
+        assertSummaryTotal(collection, buildTemplateMobileAll(TEST_IMSI), 32 + 64 + 128, 0, 0, 0,
+                NetworkStatsAccess.Level.USER);
+        assertSummaryTotal(collection, buildTemplateMobileAll(TEST_IMSI), 32 + 64 + 128 + 256, 0, 0,
+                0, NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEVICE);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAugmentPlan() throws Exception {
+        final File testFile =
+                new File(InstrumentationRegistry.getContext().getFilesDir(), TEST_FILE);
+        stageFile(R.raw.netstats_v1, testFile);
+
+        final NetworkStatsCollection emptyCollection =
+                new NetworkStatsCollection(30 * MINUTE_IN_MILLIS);
+        final NetworkStatsCollection collection = new NetworkStatsCollection(30 * MINUTE_IN_MILLIS);
+        collection.readLegacyNetwork(testFile);
+
+        // We're in the future, but not that far off
+        setClock(Instant.parse("2012-06-01T00:00:00.00Z"));
+
+        // Test a bunch of plans that should result in no augmentation
+        final List<SubscriptionPlan> plans = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        // No plan
+        plans.add(null);
+        // No usage anchor
+        plans.add(SubscriptionPlan.Builder
+                .createRecurringMonthly(ZonedDateTime.parse("2011-01-14T00:00:00.00Z")).build());
+        // Usage anchor far in past
+        plans.add(SubscriptionPlan.Builder
+                .createRecurringMonthly(ZonedDateTime.parse("2011-01-14T00:00:00.00Z"))
+                .setDataUsage(1000L, TIME_A - DateUtils.YEAR_IN_MILLIS).build());
+        // Usage anchor far in future
+        plans.add(SubscriptionPlan.Builder
+                .createRecurringMonthly(ZonedDateTime.parse("2011-01-14T00:00:00.00Z"))
+                .setDataUsage(1000L, TIME_A + DateUtils.YEAR_IN_MILLIS).build());
+        // Usage anchor near but outside cycle
+        plans.add(SubscriptionPlan.Builder
+                .createNonrecurring(ZonedDateTime.parse("2012-01-09T09:00:00.00Z"),
+                        ZonedDateTime.parse("2012-01-09T15:00:00.00Z"))
+                .setDataUsage(1000L, TIME_C).build());
+
+        for (SubscriptionPlan plan : plans) {
+            int i;
+            NetworkStatsHistory history;
+
+            // Empty collection should be untouched
+            history = getHistory(emptyCollection, plan, TIME_A, TIME_C);
+            assertEquals(0L, history.getTotalBytes());
+
+            // Normal collection should be untouched
+            history = getHistory(collection, plan, TIME_A, TIME_C);
+            i = 0;
+            assertEntry(100647, 197, 23649, 185, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(100647, 196, 23648, 185, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(18323, 76, 15032, 76, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(18322, 75, 15031, 75, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(527798, 761, 78570, 652, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(527797, 760, 78570, 651, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(10747, 50, 16839, 55, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(10747, 49, 16837, 54, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(89191, 151, 18021, 140, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(89190, 150, 18020, 139, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(3821, 23, 4525, 26, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(3820, 21, 4524, 26, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(91686, 159, 18576, 146, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(91685, 159, 18574, 146, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(8289, 36, 6864, 39, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(8289, 34, 6862, 37, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(113914, 174, 18364, 157, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(113913, 173, 18364, 157, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(11378, 49, 9261, 50, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(11377, 48, 9261, 48, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(201766, 328, 41808, 291, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(201764, 328, 41807, 290, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(106106, 219, 39918, 202, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(106105, 216, 39916, 200, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEquals(history.size(), i);
+
+            // Slice from middle should be untouched
+            history = getHistory(collection, plan, TIME_B - HOUR_IN_MILLIS,
+                    TIME_B + HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+            i = 0;
+            assertEntry(3821, 23, 4525, 26, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(3820, 21, 4524, 26, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(91686, 159, 18576, 146, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(91685, 159, 18574, 146, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEquals(history.size(), i);
+        }
+
+        // Lower anchor in the middle of plan
+        {
+            int i;
+            NetworkStatsHistory history;
+
+            final SubscriptionPlan plan = SubscriptionPlan.Builder
+                    .createNonrecurring(ZonedDateTime.parse("2012-01-09T09:00:00.00Z"),
+                            ZonedDateTime.parse("2012-01-09T15:00:00.00Z"))
+                    .setDataUsage(200000L, TIME_B).build();
+
+            // Empty collection should be augmented
+            history = getHistory(emptyCollection, plan, TIME_A, TIME_C);
+            assertEquals(200000L, history.getTotalBytes());
+
+            // Normal collection should be augmented
+            history = getHistory(collection, plan, TIME_A, TIME_C);
+            i = 0;
+            assertEntry(100647, 197, 23649, 185, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(100647, 196, 23648, 185, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(18323, 76, 15032, 76, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(18322, 75, 15031, 75, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(527798, 761, 78570, 652, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(527797, 760, 78570, 651, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            // Cycle point; start data normalization
+            assertEntry(7507, 0, 11763, 0, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(7507, 0, 11762, 0, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(62309, 0, 12589, 0, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(62309, 0, 12588, 0, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(2669, 0, 3161, 0, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(2668, 0, 3160, 0, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            // Anchor point; end data normalization
+            assertEntry(91686, 159, 18576, 146, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(91685, 159, 18574, 146, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(8289, 36, 6864, 39, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(8289, 34, 6862, 37, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(113914, 174, 18364, 157, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(113913, 173, 18364, 157, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            // Cycle point
+            assertEntry(11378, 49, 9261, 50, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(11377, 48, 9261, 48, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(201766, 328, 41808, 291, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(201764, 328, 41807, 290, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(106106, 219, 39918, 202, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(106105, 216, 39916, 200, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEquals(history.size(), i);
+
+            // Slice from middle should be augmented
+            history = getHistory(collection, plan, TIME_B - HOUR_IN_MILLIS,
+                    TIME_B + HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+            i = 0;
+            assertEntry(2669, 0, 3161, 0, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(2668, 0, 3160, 0, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(91686, 159, 18576, 146, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(91685, 159, 18574, 146, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEquals(history.size(), i);
+        }
+
+        // Higher anchor in the middle of plan
+        {
+            int i;
+            NetworkStatsHistory history;
+
+            final SubscriptionPlan plan = SubscriptionPlan.Builder
+                    .createNonrecurring(ZonedDateTime.parse("2012-01-09T09:00:00.00Z"),
+                            ZonedDateTime.parse("2012-01-09T15:00:00.00Z"))
+                    .setDataUsage(400000L, TIME_B + MINUTE_IN_MILLIS).build();
+
+            // Empty collection should be augmented
+            history = getHistory(emptyCollection, plan, TIME_A, TIME_C);
+            assertEquals(400000L, history.getTotalBytes());
+
+            // Normal collection should be augmented
+            history = getHistory(collection, plan, TIME_A, TIME_C);
+            i = 0;
+            assertEntry(100647, 197, 23649, 185, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(100647, 196, 23648, 185, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(18323, 76, 15032, 76, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(18322, 75, 15031, 75, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(527798, 761, 78570, 652, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(527797, 760, 78570, 651, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            // Cycle point; start data normalization
+            assertEntry(15015, 0, 23527, 0, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(15015, 0, 23524, 0, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(124619, 0, 25179, 0, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(124618, 0, 25177, 0, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(5338, 0, 6322, 0, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(5337, 0, 6320, 0, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            // Anchor point; end data normalization
+            assertEntry(91686, 159, 18576, 146, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(91685, 159, 18574, 146, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(8289, 36, 6864, 39, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(8289, 34, 6862, 37, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(113914, 174, 18364, 157, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(113913, 173, 18364, 157, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            // Cycle point
+            assertEntry(11378, 49, 9261, 50, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(11377, 48, 9261, 48, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(201766, 328, 41808, 291, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(201764, 328, 41807, 290, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(106106, 219, 39918, 202, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(106105, 216, 39916, 200, history.getValues(i++, null));
+
+            // Slice from middle should be augmented
+            history = getHistory(collection, plan, TIME_B - HOUR_IN_MILLIS,
+                    TIME_B + HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+            i = 0;
+            assertEntry(5338, 0, 6322, 0, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(5337, 0, 6320, 0, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(91686, 159, 18576, 146, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEntry(91685, 159, 18574, 146, history.getValues(i++, null));
+            assertEquals(history.size(), i);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAugmentPlanGigantic() throws Exception {
+        // We're in the future, but not that far off
+        setClock(Instant.parse("2012-06-01T00:00:00.00Z"));
+
+        // Create a simple history with a ton of measured usage
+        final NetworkStatsCollection large = new NetworkStatsCollection(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        final NetworkIdentitySet ident = new NetworkIdentitySet();
+        ident.add(new NetworkIdentity(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE, -1, TEST_IMSI, null,
+                false, true, true, OEM_NONE, TEST_SUBID));
+        large.recordData(ident, UID_ALL, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, TIME_A, TIME_B,
+                new NetworkStats.Entry(12_730_893_164L, 1, 0, 0, 0));
+
+        // Verify untouched total
+        assertEquals(12_730_893_164L, getHistory(large, null, TIME_A, TIME_C).getTotalBytes());
+
+        // Verify anchor that might cause overflows
+        final SubscriptionPlan plan = SubscriptionPlan.Builder
+                .createRecurringMonthly(ZonedDateTime.parse("2012-01-09T00:00:00.00Z"))
+                .setDataUsage(4_939_212_390L, TIME_B).build();
+        assertEquals(4_939_212_386L, getHistory(large, plan, TIME_A, TIME_C).getTotalBytes());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRounding() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkStatsCollection coll = new NetworkStatsCollection(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+
+        // Special values should remain unchanged
+        for (long time : new long[] {
+                Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE, SubscriptionPlan.TIME_UNKNOWN
+        }) {
+            assertEquals(time, coll.roundUp(time));
+            assertEquals(time, coll.roundDown(time));
+        }
+
+        assertEquals(TIME_A, coll.roundUp(TIME_A));
+        assertEquals(TIME_A, coll.roundDown(TIME_A));
+
+        assertEquals(TIME_A + HOUR_IN_MILLIS, coll.roundUp(TIME_A + 1));
+        assertEquals(TIME_A, coll.roundDown(TIME_A + 1));
+
+        assertEquals(TIME_A, coll.roundUp(TIME_A - 1));
+        assertEquals(TIME_A - HOUR_IN_MILLIS, coll.roundDown(TIME_A - 1));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMultiplySafeRational() {
+        assertEquals(25, multiplySafeByRational(50, 1, 2));
+        assertEquals(100, multiplySafeByRational(50, 2, 1));
+
+        assertEquals(-10, multiplySafeByRational(30, -1, 3));
+        assertEquals(0, multiplySafeByRational(30, 0, 3));
+        assertEquals(10, multiplySafeByRational(30, 1, 3));
+        assertEquals(20, multiplySafeByRational(30, 2, 3));
+        assertEquals(30, multiplySafeByRational(30, 3, 3));
+        assertEquals(40, multiplySafeByRational(30, 4, 3));
+
+        assertEquals(100_000_000_000L,
+                multiplySafeByRational(300_000_000_000L, 10_000_000_000L, 30_000_000_000L));
+        assertEquals(100_000_000_010L,
+                multiplySafeByRational(300_000_000_000L, 10_000_000_001L, 30_000_000_000L));
+        assertEquals(823_202_048L,
+                multiplySafeByRational(4_939_212_288L, 2_121_815_528L, 12_730_893_165L));
+
+        assertThrows(ArithmeticException.class, () -> multiplySafeByRational(30, 3, 0));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Copy a {@link Resources#openRawResource(int)} into {@link File} for
+     * testing purposes.
+     */
+    private void stageFile(int rawId, File file) throws Exception {
+        new File(file.getParent()).mkdirs();
+        InputStream in = null;
+        OutputStream out = null;
+        try {
+            in = InstrumentationRegistry.getContext().getResources().openRawResource(rawId);
+            out = new FileOutputStream(file);
+            Streams.copy(in, out);
+        } finally {
+            IoUtils.closeQuietly(in);
+            IoUtils.closeQuietly(out);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static NetworkStatsHistory getHistory(NetworkStatsCollection collection,
+            SubscriptionPlan augmentPlan, long start, long end) {
+        return collection.getHistory(buildTemplateMobileAll(TEST_IMSI), augmentPlan, UID_ALL,
+                SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, FIELD_ALL, start, end, NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEVICE, myUid());
+    }
+
+    private static void assertSummaryTotal(NetworkStatsCollection collection,
+            NetworkTemplate template, long rxBytes, long rxPackets, long txBytes, long txPackets,
+            @NetworkStatsAccess.Level int accessLevel) {
+        final NetworkStats.Entry actual = collection.getSummary(
+                template, Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE, accessLevel, myUid())
+                .getTotal(null);
+        assertEntry(rxBytes, rxPackets, txBytes, txPackets, actual);
+    }
+
+    private static void assertSummaryTotalIncludingTags(NetworkStatsCollection collection,
+            NetworkTemplate template, long rxBytes, long rxPackets, long txBytes, long txPackets) {
+        final NetworkStats.Entry actual = collection.getSummary(
+                template, Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE, NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEVICE, myUid())
+                .getTotalIncludingTags(null);
+        assertEntry(rxBytes, rxPackets, txBytes, txPackets, actual);
+    }
+
+    private static void assertEntry(long rxBytes, long rxPackets, long txBytes, long txPackets,
+            NetworkStats.Entry actual) {
+        assertEntry(new NetworkStats.Entry(rxBytes, rxPackets, txBytes, txPackets, 0L), actual);
+    }
+
+    private static void assertEntry(long rxBytes, long rxPackets, long txBytes, long txPackets,
+            NetworkStatsHistory.Entry actual) {
+        assertEntry(new NetworkStats.Entry(rxBytes, rxPackets, txBytes, txPackets, 0L), actual);
+    }
+
+    private static void assertEntry(NetworkStats.Entry expected,
+            NetworkStatsHistory.Entry actual) {
+        assertEntry(expected, new NetworkStats.Entry(actual.rxBytes, actual.rxPackets,
+                actual.txBytes, actual.txPackets, 0L));
+    }
+
+    private static void assertEntry(NetworkStatsHistory.Entry expected,
+            NetworkStatsHistory.Entry actual) {
+        assertEntry(new NetworkStats.Entry(actual.rxBytes, actual.rxPackets,
+                actual.txBytes, actual.txPackets, 0L),
+                new NetworkStats.Entry(actual.rxBytes, actual.rxPackets,
+                actual.txBytes, actual.txPackets, 0L));
+    }
+
+    private static void assertEntry(NetworkStats.Entry expected,
+            NetworkStats.Entry actual) {
+        assertEquals("unexpected rxBytes", expected.rxBytes, actual.rxBytes);
+        assertEquals("unexpected rxPackets", expected.rxPackets, actual.rxPackets);
+        assertEquals("unexpected txBytes", expected.txBytes, actual.txBytes);
+        assertEquals("unexpected txPackets", expected.txPackets, actual.txPackets);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStatsHistoryTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStatsHistoryTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5f8c00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStatsHistoryTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,602 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.net.NetworkStatsHistory.DataStreamUtils.readVarLong;
+import static android.net.NetworkStatsHistory.DataStreamUtils.writeVarLong;
+import static android.net.NetworkStatsHistory.Entry.UNKNOWN;
+import static android.net.NetworkStatsHistory.FIELD_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStatsHistory.FIELD_OPERATIONS;
+import static android.net.NetworkStatsHistory.FIELD_RX_BYTES;
+import static android.net.NetworkStatsHistory.FIELD_RX_PACKETS;
+import static android.net.NetworkStatsHistory.FIELD_TX_BYTES;
+import static android.net.TrafficStats.GB_IN_BYTES;
+import static android.net.TrafficStats.MB_IN_BYTES;
+import static android.text.format.DateUtils.DAY_IN_MILLIS;
+import static android.text.format.DateUtils.HOUR_IN_MILLIS;
+import static android.text.format.DateUtils.MINUTE_IN_MILLIS;
+import static android.text.format.DateUtils.SECOND_IN_MILLIS;
+import static android.text.format.DateUtils.WEEK_IN_MILLIS;
+import static android.text.format.DateUtils.YEAR_IN_MILLIS;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.frameworks.tests.net.R;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.DataInputStream;
+import java.io.DataOutputStream;
+import java.util.Random;
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class NetworkStatsHistoryTest {
+    private static final String TAG = "NetworkStatsHistoryTest";
+
+    private static final long TEST_START = 1194220800000L;
+
+    private NetworkStatsHistory stats;
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        if (stats != null) {
+            assertConsistent(stats);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadOriginalVersion() throws Exception {
+        final Context context = InstrumentationRegistry.getContext();
+        final DataInputStream in =
+                new DataInputStream(context.getResources().openRawResource(R.raw.history_v1));
+
+        NetworkStatsHistory.Entry entry = null;
+        try {
+            final NetworkStatsHistory history = new NetworkStatsHistory(in);
+            assertEquals(15 * SECOND_IN_MILLIS, history.getBucketDuration());
+
+            entry = history.getValues(0, entry);
+            assertEquals(29143L, entry.rxBytes);
+            assertEquals(6223L, entry.txBytes);
+
+            entry = history.getValues(history.size() - 1, entry);
+            assertEquals(1476L, entry.rxBytes);
+            assertEquals(838L, entry.txBytes);
+
+            entry = history.getValues(Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE, entry);
+            assertEquals(332401L, entry.rxBytes);
+            assertEquals(64314L, entry.txBytes);
+
+        } finally {
+            in.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRecordSingleBucket() throws Exception {
+        final long BUCKET_SIZE = HOUR_IN_MILLIS;
+        stats = new NetworkStatsHistory(BUCKET_SIZE);
+
+        // record data into narrow window to get single bucket
+        stats.recordData(TEST_START, TEST_START + SECOND_IN_MILLIS,
+                new NetworkStats.Entry(1024L, 10L, 2048L, 20L, 2L));
+
+        assertEquals(1, stats.size());
+        assertValues(stats, 0, SECOND_IN_MILLIS, 1024L, 10L, 2048L, 20L, 2L);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRecordEqualBuckets() throws Exception {
+        final long bucketDuration = HOUR_IN_MILLIS;
+        stats = new NetworkStatsHistory(bucketDuration);
+
+        // split equally across two buckets
+        final long recordStart = TEST_START + (bucketDuration / 2);
+        stats.recordData(recordStart, recordStart + bucketDuration,
+                new NetworkStats.Entry(1024L, 10L, 128L, 2L, 2L));
+
+        assertEquals(2, stats.size());
+        assertValues(stats, 0, HOUR_IN_MILLIS / 2, 512L, 5L, 64L, 1L, 1L);
+        assertValues(stats, 1, HOUR_IN_MILLIS / 2, 512L, 5L, 64L, 1L, 1L);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRecordTouchingBuckets() throws Exception {
+        final long BUCKET_SIZE = 15 * MINUTE_IN_MILLIS;
+        stats = new NetworkStatsHistory(BUCKET_SIZE);
+
+        // split almost completely into middle bucket, but with a few minutes
+        // overlap into neighboring buckets. total record is 20 minutes.
+        final long recordStart = (TEST_START + BUCKET_SIZE) - MINUTE_IN_MILLIS;
+        final long recordEnd = (TEST_START + (BUCKET_SIZE * 2)) + (MINUTE_IN_MILLIS * 4);
+        stats.recordData(recordStart, recordEnd,
+                new NetworkStats.Entry(1000L, 2000L, 5000L, 10000L, 100L));
+
+        assertEquals(3, stats.size());
+        // first bucket should have (1/20 of value)
+        assertValues(stats, 0, MINUTE_IN_MILLIS, 50L, 100L, 250L, 500L, 5L);
+        // second bucket should have (15/20 of value)
+        assertValues(stats, 1, 15 * MINUTE_IN_MILLIS, 750L, 1500L, 3750L, 7500L, 75L);
+        // final bucket should have (4/20 of value)
+        assertValues(stats, 2, 4 * MINUTE_IN_MILLIS, 200L, 400L, 1000L, 2000L, 20L);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRecordGapBuckets() throws Exception {
+        final long BUCKET_SIZE = HOUR_IN_MILLIS;
+        stats = new NetworkStatsHistory(BUCKET_SIZE);
+
+        // record some data today and next week with large gap
+        final long firstStart = TEST_START;
+        final long lastStart = TEST_START + WEEK_IN_MILLIS;
+        stats.recordData(firstStart, firstStart + SECOND_IN_MILLIS,
+                new NetworkStats.Entry(128L, 2L, 256L, 4L, 1L));
+        stats.recordData(lastStart, lastStart + SECOND_IN_MILLIS,
+                new NetworkStats.Entry(64L, 1L, 512L, 8L, 2L));
+
+        // we should have two buckets, far apart from each other
+        assertEquals(2, stats.size());
+        assertValues(stats, 0, SECOND_IN_MILLIS, 128L, 2L, 256L, 4L, 1L);
+        assertValues(stats, 1, SECOND_IN_MILLIS, 64L, 1L, 512L, 8L, 2L);
+
+        // now record something in middle, spread across two buckets
+        final long middleStart = TEST_START + DAY_IN_MILLIS;
+        final long middleEnd = middleStart + (HOUR_IN_MILLIS * 2);
+        stats.recordData(middleStart, middleEnd,
+                new NetworkStats.Entry(2048L, 4L, 2048L, 4L, 2L));
+
+        // now should have four buckets, with new record in middle two buckets
+        assertEquals(4, stats.size());
+        assertValues(stats, 0, SECOND_IN_MILLIS, 128L, 2L, 256L, 4L, 1L);
+        assertValues(stats, 1, HOUR_IN_MILLIS, 1024L, 2L, 1024L, 2L, 1L);
+        assertValues(stats, 2, HOUR_IN_MILLIS, 1024L, 2L, 1024L, 2L, 1L);
+        assertValues(stats, 3, SECOND_IN_MILLIS, 64L, 1L, 512L, 8L, 2L);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRecordOverlapBuckets() throws Exception {
+        final long BUCKET_SIZE = HOUR_IN_MILLIS;
+        stats = new NetworkStatsHistory(BUCKET_SIZE);
+
+        // record some data in one bucket, and another overlapping buckets
+        stats.recordData(TEST_START, TEST_START + SECOND_IN_MILLIS,
+                new NetworkStats.Entry(256L, 2L, 256L, 2L, 1L));
+        final long midStart = TEST_START + (HOUR_IN_MILLIS / 2);
+        stats.recordData(midStart, midStart + HOUR_IN_MILLIS,
+                new NetworkStats.Entry(1024L, 10L, 1024L, 10L, 10L));
+
+        // should have two buckets, with some data mixed together
+        assertEquals(2, stats.size());
+        assertValues(stats, 0, SECOND_IN_MILLIS + (HOUR_IN_MILLIS / 2), 768L, 7L, 768L, 7L, 6L);
+        assertValues(stats, 1, (HOUR_IN_MILLIS / 2), 512L, 5L, 512L, 5L, 5L);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRecordEntireGapIdentical() throws Exception {
+        // first, create two separate histories far apart
+        final NetworkStatsHistory stats1 = new NetworkStatsHistory(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        stats1.recordData(TEST_START, TEST_START + 2 * HOUR_IN_MILLIS, 2000L, 1000L);
+
+        final long TEST_START_2 = TEST_START + DAY_IN_MILLIS;
+        final NetworkStatsHistory stats2 = new NetworkStatsHistory(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        stats2.recordData(TEST_START_2, TEST_START_2 + 2 * HOUR_IN_MILLIS, 1000L, 500L);
+
+        // combine together with identical bucket size
+        stats = new NetworkStatsHistory(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        stats.recordEntireHistory(stats1);
+        stats.recordEntireHistory(stats2);
+
+        // first verify that totals match up
+        assertValues(stats, TEST_START - WEEK_IN_MILLIS, TEST_START + WEEK_IN_MILLIS, 3000L, 1500L);
+
+        // now inspect internal buckets
+        assertValues(stats, 0, 1000L, 500L);
+        assertValues(stats, 1, 1000L, 500L);
+        assertValues(stats, 2, 500L, 250L);
+        assertValues(stats, 3, 500L, 250L);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRecordEntireOverlapVaryingBuckets() throws Exception {
+        // create history just over hour bucket boundary
+        final NetworkStatsHistory stats1 = new NetworkStatsHistory(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        stats1.recordData(TEST_START, TEST_START + MINUTE_IN_MILLIS * 60, 600L, 600L);
+
+        final long TEST_START_2 = TEST_START + MINUTE_IN_MILLIS;
+        final NetworkStatsHistory stats2 = new NetworkStatsHistory(MINUTE_IN_MILLIS);
+        stats2.recordData(TEST_START_2, TEST_START_2 + MINUTE_IN_MILLIS * 5, 50L, 50L);
+
+        // combine together with minute bucket size
+        stats = new NetworkStatsHistory(MINUTE_IN_MILLIS);
+        stats.recordEntireHistory(stats1);
+        stats.recordEntireHistory(stats2);
+
+        // first verify that totals match up
+        assertValues(stats, TEST_START - WEEK_IN_MILLIS, TEST_START + WEEK_IN_MILLIS, 650L, 650L);
+
+        // now inspect internal buckets
+        assertValues(stats, 0, 10L, 10L);
+        assertValues(stats, 1, 20L, 20L);
+        assertValues(stats, 2, 20L, 20L);
+        assertValues(stats, 3, 20L, 20L);
+        assertValues(stats, 4, 20L, 20L);
+        assertValues(stats, 5, 20L, 20L);
+        assertValues(stats, 6, 10L, 10L);
+
+        // now combine using 15min buckets
+        stats = new NetworkStatsHistory(HOUR_IN_MILLIS / 4);
+        stats.recordEntireHistory(stats1);
+        stats.recordEntireHistory(stats2);
+
+        // first verify that totals match up
+        assertValues(stats, TEST_START - WEEK_IN_MILLIS, TEST_START + WEEK_IN_MILLIS, 650L, 650L);
+
+        // and inspect buckets
+        assertValues(stats, 0, 200L, 200L);
+        assertValues(stats, 1, 150L, 150L);
+        assertValues(stats, 2, 150L, 150L);
+        assertValues(stats, 3, 150L, 150L);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRemove() throws Exception {
+        stats = new NetworkStatsHistory(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+
+        // record some data across 24 buckets
+        stats.recordData(TEST_START, TEST_START + DAY_IN_MILLIS, 24L, 24L);
+        assertEquals(24, stats.size());
+
+        // try removing invalid data; should be no change
+        stats.removeBucketsBefore(0 - DAY_IN_MILLIS);
+        assertEquals(24, stats.size());
+
+        // try removing far before buckets; should be no change
+        stats.removeBucketsBefore(TEST_START - YEAR_IN_MILLIS);
+        assertEquals(24, stats.size());
+
+        // try removing just moments into first bucket; should be no change
+        // since that bucket contains data beyond the cutoff
+        stats.removeBucketsBefore(TEST_START + SECOND_IN_MILLIS);
+        assertEquals(24, stats.size());
+
+        // try removing single bucket
+        stats.removeBucketsBefore(TEST_START + HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        assertEquals(23, stats.size());
+
+        // try removing multiple buckets
+        stats.removeBucketsBefore(TEST_START + (4 * HOUR_IN_MILLIS));
+        assertEquals(20, stats.size());
+
+        // try removing all buckets
+        stats.removeBucketsBefore(TEST_START + YEAR_IN_MILLIS);
+        assertEquals(0, stats.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTotalData() throws Exception {
+        final long BUCKET_SIZE = HOUR_IN_MILLIS;
+        stats = new NetworkStatsHistory(BUCKET_SIZE);
+
+        // record uniform data across day
+        stats.recordData(TEST_START, TEST_START + DAY_IN_MILLIS, 2400L, 4800L);
+
+        // verify that total outside range is 0
+        assertValues(stats, TEST_START - WEEK_IN_MILLIS, TEST_START - DAY_IN_MILLIS, 0L, 0L);
+
+        // verify total in first hour
+        assertValues(stats, TEST_START, TEST_START + HOUR_IN_MILLIS, 100L, 200L);
+
+        // verify total across 1.5 hours
+        assertValues(stats, TEST_START, TEST_START + (long) (1.5 * HOUR_IN_MILLIS), 150L, 300L);
+
+        // verify total beyond end
+        assertValues(stats, TEST_START + (23 * HOUR_IN_MILLIS), TEST_START + WEEK_IN_MILLIS, 100L, 200L);
+
+        // verify everything total
+        assertValues(stats, TEST_START - WEEK_IN_MILLIS, TEST_START + WEEK_IN_MILLIS, 2400L, 4800L);
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFuzzing() throws Exception {
+        try {
+            // fuzzing with random events, looking for crashes
+            final NetworkStats.Entry entry = new NetworkStats.Entry();
+            final Random r = new Random();
+            for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++) {
+                stats = new NetworkStatsHistory(r.nextLong());
+                for (int j = 0; j < 10000; j++) {
+                    if (r.nextBoolean()) {
+                        // add range
+                        final long start = r.nextLong();
+                        final long end = start + r.nextInt();
+                        entry.rxBytes = nextPositiveLong(r);
+                        entry.rxPackets = nextPositiveLong(r);
+                        entry.txBytes = nextPositiveLong(r);
+                        entry.txPackets = nextPositiveLong(r);
+                        entry.operations = nextPositiveLong(r);
+                        stats.recordData(start, end, entry);
+                    } else {
+                        // trim something
+                        stats.removeBucketsBefore(r.nextLong());
+                    }
+                }
+                assertConsistent(stats);
+            }
+        } catch (Throwable e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, String.valueOf(stats));
+            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static long nextPositiveLong(Random r) {
+        final long value = r.nextLong();
+        return value < 0 ? -value : value;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIgnoreFields() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkStatsHistory history = new NetworkStatsHistory(
+                MINUTE_IN_MILLIS, 0, FIELD_RX_BYTES | FIELD_TX_BYTES);
+
+        history.recordData(0, MINUTE_IN_MILLIS,
+                new NetworkStats.Entry(1024L, 10L, 2048L, 20L, 4L));
+        history.recordData(0, 2 * MINUTE_IN_MILLIS,
+                new NetworkStats.Entry(2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L));
+
+        assertFullValues(history, UNKNOWN, 1026L, UNKNOWN, 2050L, UNKNOWN, UNKNOWN);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIgnoreFieldsRecordIn() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkStatsHistory full = new NetworkStatsHistory(MINUTE_IN_MILLIS, 0, FIELD_ALL);
+        final NetworkStatsHistory partial = new NetworkStatsHistory(
+                MINUTE_IN_MILLIS, 0, FIELD_RX_PACKETS | FIELD_OPERATIONS);
+
+        full.recordData(0, MINUTE_IN_MILLIS,
+                new NetworkStats.Entry(1024L, 10L, 2048L, 20L, 4L));
+        partial.recordEntireHistory(full);
+
+        assertFullValues(partial, UNKNOWN, UNKNOWN, 10L, UNKNOWN, UNKNOWN, 4L);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIgnoreFieldsRecordOut() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkStatsHistory full = new NetworkStatsHistory(MINUTE_IN_MILLIS, 0, FIELD_ALL);
+        final NetworkStatsHistory partial = new NetworkStatsHistory(
+                MINUTE_IN_MILLIS, 0, FIELD_RX_PACKETS | FIELD_OPERATIONS);
+
+        partial.recordData(0, MINUTE_IN_MILLIS,
+                new NetworkStats.Entry(1024L, 10L, 2048L, 20L, 4L));
+        full.recordEntireHistory(partial);
+
+        assertFullValues(full, MINUTE_IN_MILLIS, 0L, 10L, 0L, 0L, 4L);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSerialize() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkStatsHistory before = new NetworkStatsHistory(MINUTE_IN_MILLIS, 40, FIELD_ALL);
+        before.recordData(0, 4 * MINUTE_IN_MILLIS,
+                new NetworkStats.Entry(1024L, 10L, 2048L, 20L, 4L));
+        before.recordData(DAY_IN_MILLIS, DAY_IN_MILLIS + MINUTE_IN_MILLIS,
+                new NetworkStats.Entry(10L, 20L, 30L, 40L, 50L));
+
+        final ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        before.writeToStream(new DataOutputStream(out));
+        out.close();
+
+        final ByteArrayInputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(out.toByteArray());
+        final NetworkStatsHistory after = new NetworkStatsHistory(new DataInputStream(in));
+
+        // must have identical totals before and after
+        assertFullValues(before, 5 * MINUTE_IN_MILLIS, 1034L, 30L, 2078L, 60L, 54L);
+        assertFullValues(after, 5 * MINUTE_IN_MILLIS, 1034L, 30L, 2078L, 60L, 54L);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testVarLong() throws Exception {
+        assertEquals(0L, performVarLong(0L));
+        assertEquals(-1L, performVarLong(-1L));
+        assertEquals(1024L, performVarLong(1024L));
+        assertEquals(-1024L, performVarLong(-1024L));
+        assertEquals(40 * MB_IN_BYTES, performVarLong(40 * MB_IN_BYTES));
+        assertEquals(512 * GB_IN_BYTES, performVarLong(512 * GB_IN_BYTES));
+        assertEquals(Long.MIN_VALUE, performVarLong(Long.MIN_VALUE));
+        assertEquals(Long.MAX_VALUE, performVarLong(Long.MAX_VALUE));
+        assertEquals(Long.MIN_VALUE + 40, performVarLong(Long.MIN_VALUE + 40));
+        assertEquals(Long.MAX_VALUE - 40, performVarLong(Long.MAX_VALUE - 40));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIndexBeforeAfter() throws Exception {
+        final long BUCKET_SIZE = HOUR_IN_MILLIS;
+        stats = new NetworkStatsHistory(BUCKET_SIZE);
+
+        final long FIRST_START = TEST_START;
+        final long FIRST_END = FIRST_START + (2 * HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        final long SECOND_START = TEST_START + WEEK_IN_MILLIS;
+        final long SECOND_END = SECOND_START + HOUR_IN_MILLIS;
+        final long THIRD_START = TEST_START + (2 * WEEK_IN_MILLIS);
+        final long THIRD_END = THIRD_START + (2 * HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+
+        stats.recordData(FIRST_START, FIRST_END,
+                new NetworkStats.Entry(1024L, 10L, 2048L, 20L, 2L));
+        stats.recordData(SECOND_START, SECOND_END,
+                new NetworkStats.Entry(1024L, 10L, 2048L, 20L, 2L));
+        stats.recordData(THIRD_START, THIRD_END,
+                new NetworkStats.Entry(1024L, 10L, 2048L, 20L, 2L));
+
+        // should have buckets: 2+1+2
+        assertEquals(5, stats.size());
+
+        assertIndexBeforeAfter(stats, 0, 0, Long.MIN_VALUE);
+        assertIndexBeforeAfter(stats, 0, 1, FIRST_START);
+        assertIndexBeforeAfter(stats, 0, 1, FIRST_START + MINUTE_IN_MILLIS);
+        assertIndexBeforeAfter(stats, 0, 2, FIRST_START + HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        assertIndexBeforeAfter(stats, 1, 2, FIRST_START + HOUR_IN_MILLIS + MINUTE_IN_MILLIS);
+        assertIndexBeforeAfter(stats, 1, 2, FIRST_END - MINUTE_IN_MILLIS);
+        assertIndexBeforeAfter(stats, 1, 2, FIRST_END);
+        assertIndexBeforeAfter(stats, 1, 2, FIRST_END + MINUTE_IN_MILLIS);
+        assertIndexBeforeAfter(stats, 1, 2, SECOND_START - MINUTE_IN_MILLIS);
+        assertIndexBeforeAfter(stats, 1, 3, SECOND_START);
+        assertIndexBeforeAfter(stats, 2, 3, SECOND_END);
+        assertIndexBeforeAfter(stats, 2, 3, SECOND_END + MINUTE_IN_MILLIS);
+        assertIndexBeforeAfter(stats, 2, 3, THIRD_START - MINUTE_IN_MILLIS);
+        assertIndexBeforeAfter(stats, 2, 4, THIRD_START);
+        assertIndexBeforeAfter(stats, 3, 4, THIRD_START + MINUTE_IN_MILLIS);
+        assertIndexBeforeAfter(stats, 3, 4, THIRD_START + HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        assertIndexBeforeAfter(stats, 4, 4, THIRD_END);
+        assertIndexBeforeAfter(stats, 4, 4, THIRD_END + MINUTE_IN_MILLIS);
+        assertIndexBeforeAfter(stats, 4, 4, Long.MAX_VALUE);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIntersects() throws Exception {
+        final long BUCKET_SIZE = HOUR_IN_MILLIS;
+        stats = new NetworkStatsHistory(BUCKET_SIZE);
+
+        final long FIRST_START = TEST_START;
+        final long FIRST_END = FIRST_START + (2 * HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        final long SECOND_START = TEST_START + WEEK_IN_MILLIS;
+        final long SECOND_END = SECOND_START + HOUR_IN_MILLIS;
+        final long THIRD_START = TEST_START + (2 * WEEK_IN_MILLIS);
+        final long THIRD_END = THIRD_START + (2 * HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+
+        stats.recordData(FIRST_START, FIRST_END,
+                new NetworkStats.Entry(1024L, 10L, 2048L, 20L, 2L));
+        stats.recordData(SECOND_START, SECOND_END,
+                new NetworkStats.Entry(1024L, 10L, 2048L, 20L, 2L));
+        stats.recordData(THIRD_START, THIRD_END,
+                new NetworkStats.Entry(1024L, 10L, 2048L, 20L, 2L));
+
+        assertFalse(stats.intersects(10, 20));
+        assertFalse(stats.intersects(TEST_START + YEAR_IN_MILLIS, TEST_START + YEAR_IN_MILLIS + 1));
+        assertFalse(stats.intersects(Long.MAX_VALUE, Long.MIN_VALUE));
+
+        assertTrue(stats.intersects(Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE));
+        assertTrue(stats.intersects(10, TEST_START + YEAR_IN_MILLIS));
+        assertTrue(stats.intersects(TEST_START, TEST_START));
+        assertTrue(stats.intersects(TEST_START + DAY_IN_MILLIS, TEST_START + DAY_IN_MILLIS + 1));
+        assertTrue(stats.intersects(TEST_START + DAY_IN_MILLIS, Long.MAX_VALUE));
+        assertTrue(stats.intersects(TEST_START + 1, Long.MAX_VALUE));
+
+        assertFalse(stats.intersects(Long.MIN_VALUE, TEST_START - 1));
+        assertTrue(stats.intersects(Long.MIN_VALUE, TEST_START));
+        assertTrue(stats.intersects(Long.MIN_VALUE, TEST_START + 1));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetValues() throws Exception {
+        stats = new NetworkStatsHistory(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        stats.recordData(TEST_START, TEST_START + 1,
+                new NetworkStats.Entry(1024L, 10L, 2048L, 20L, 2L));
+
+        assertEquals(1024L + 2048L, stats.getTotalBytes());
+
+        final NetworkStatsHistory.Entry entry = stats.getValues(0, null);
+        entry.rxBytes /= 2;
+        entry.txBytes *= 2;
+        stats.setValues(0, entry);
+
+        assertEquals(512L + 4096L, stats.getTotalBytes());
+    }
+
+    private static void assertIndexBeforeAfter(
+            NetworkStatsHistory stats, int before, int after, long time) {
+        assertEquals("unexpected before", before, stats.getIndexBefore(time));
+        assertEquals("unexpected after", after, stats.getIndexAfter(time));
+    }
+
+    private static long performVarLong(long before) throws Exception {
+        final ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        writeVarLong(new DataOutputStream(out), before);
+
+        final ByteArrayInputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(out.toByteArray());
+        return readVarLong(new DataInputStream(in));
+    }
+
+    private static void assertConsistent(NetworkStatsHistory stats) {
+        // verify timestamps are monotonic
+        long lastStart = Long.MIN_VALUE;
+        NetworkStatsHistory.Entry entry = null;
+        for (int i = 0; i < stats.size(); i++) {
+            entry = stats.getValues(i, entry);
+            assertTrue(lastStart < entry.bucketStart);
+            lastStart = entry.bucketStart;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void assertValues(
+            NetworkStatsHistory stats, int index, long rxBytes, long txBytes) {
+        final NetworkStatsHistory.Entry entry = stats.getValues(index, null);
+        assertEquals("unexpected rxBytes", rxBytes, entry.rxBytes);
+        assertEquals("unexpected txBytes", txBytes, entry.txBytes);
+    }
+
+    private static void assertValues(
+            NetworkStatsHistory stats, long start, long end, long rxBytes, long txBytes) {
+        final NetworkStatsHistory.Entry entry = stats.getValues(start, end, null);
+        assertEquals("unexpected rxBytes", rxBytes, entry.rxBytes);
+        assertEquals("unexpected txBytes", txBytes, entry.txBytes);
+    }
+
+    private static void assertValues(NetworkStatsHistory stats, int index, long activeTime,
+            long rxBytes, long rxPackets, long txBytes, long txPackets, long operations) {
+        final NetworkStatsHistory.Entry entry = stats.getValues(index, null);
+        assertEquals("unexpected activeTime", activeTime, entry.activeTime);
+        assertEquals("unexpected rxBytes", rxBytes, entry.rxBytes);
+        assertEquals("unexpected rxPackets", rxPackets, entry.rxPackets);
+        assertEquals("unexpected txBytes", txBytes, entry.txBytes);
+        assertEquals("unexpected txPackets", txPackets, entry.txPackets);
+        assertEquals("unexpected operations", operations, entry.operations);
+    }
+
+    private static void assertFullValues(NetworkStatsHistory stats, long activeTime, long rxBytes,
+            long rxPackets, long txBytes, long txPackets, long operations) {
+        assertValues(stats, Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE, activeTime, rxBytes, rxPackets, txBytes,
+                txPackets, operations);
+    }
+
+    private static void assertValues(NetworkStatsHistory stats, long start, long end,
+            long activeTime, long rxBytes, long rxPackets, long txBytes, long txPackets,
+            long operations) {
+        final NetworkStatsHistory.Entry entry = stats.getValues(start, end, null);
+        assertEquals("unexpected activeTime", activeTime, entry.activeTime);
+        assertEquals("unexpected rxBytes", rxBytes, entry.rxBytes);
+        assertEquals("unexpected rxPackets", rxPackets, entry.rxPackets);
+        assertEquals("unexpected txBytes", txBytes, entry.txBytes);
+        assertEquals("unexpected txPackets", txPackets, entry.txPackets);
+        assertEquals("unexpected operations", operations, entry.operations);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStatsTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStatsTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0cc16c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStatsTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1104 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.IFACE_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.INTERFACES_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_NO;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_YES;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.ROAMING_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.ROAMING_NO;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.ROAMING_YES;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.SET_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.SET_DBG_VPN_IN;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.SET_DBG_VPN_OUT;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.SET_DEFAULT;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.SET_FOREGROUND;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.UID_ALL;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Process;
+import android.util.ArrayMap;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import com.google.android.collect.Sets;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class NetworkStatsTest {
+
+    private static final String TEST_IFACE = "test0";
+    private static final String TEST_IFACE2 = "test2";
+    private static final int TEST_UID = 1001;
+    private static final long TEST_START = 1194220800000L;
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFindIndex() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkStats stats = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 5)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 1024L, 8L, 0L, 0L, 10)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 101, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 0L, 0L, 1024L, 8L, 11)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 101, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_YES, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 0L, 0L, 1024L, 8L, 11)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 102, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 1024L, 8L, 1024L, 8L, 12)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 102, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_YES, ROAMING_YES,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 1024L, 8L, 1024L, 8L, 12);
+
+        assertEquals(4, stats.findIndex(TEST_IFACE, 102, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_YES,
+                ROAMING_YES, DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES));
+        assertEquals(3, stats.findIndex(TEST_IFACE, 102, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO,
+                ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO));
+        assertEquals(2, stats.findIndex(TEST_IFACE, 101, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_YES,
+                ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES));
+        assertEquals(1, stats.findIndex(TEST_IFACE, 101, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO,
+                ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO));
+        assertEquals(0, stats.findIndex(TEST_IFACE, 100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO,
+                ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES));
+        assertEquals(-1, stats.findIndex(TEST_IFACE, 6, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO,
+                ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO));
+        assertEquals(-1, stats.findIndex(TEST_IFACE, 100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO,
+                ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFindIndexHinted() {
+        final NetworkStats stats = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 3)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 1024L, 8L, 0L, 0L, 10)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 101, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 0L, 0L, 1024L, 8L, 11)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 102, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 1024L, 8L, 1024L, 8L, 12)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE2, 100, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 1024L, 8L, 0L, 0L, 10)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE2, 101, SET_DEFAULT, 0xF00D, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 0L, 0L, 1024L, 8L, 11)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE2, 101, SET_DEFAULT, 0xF00D, METERED_YES, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 0L, 0L, 1024L, 8L, 11)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE2, 102, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 1024L, 8L, 1024L, 8L, 12)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE2, 102, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_YES, ROAMING_YES,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 1024L, 8L, 1024L, 8L, 12);
+
+        // verify that we correctly find across regardless of hinting
+        for (int hint = 0; hint < stats.size(); hint++) {
+            assertEquals(0, stats.findIndexHinted(TEST_IFACE, 100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                    METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, hint));
+            assertEquals(1, stats.findIndexHinted(TEST_IFACE, 101, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                    METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, hint));
+            assertEquals(2, stats.findIndexHinted(TEST_IFACE, 102, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                    METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, hint));
+            assertEquals(3, stats.findIndexHinted(TEST_IFACE2, 100, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE,
+                    METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, hint));
+            assertEquals(4, stats.findIndexHinted(TEST_IFACE2, 101, SET_DEFAULT, 0xF00D,
+                    METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, hint));
+            assertEquals(5, stats.findIndexHinted(TEST_IFACE2, 101, SET_DEFAULT, 0xF00D,
+                    METERED_YES, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, hint));
+            assertEquals(6, stats.findIndexHinted(TEST_IFACE2, 102, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                    METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, hint));
+            assertEquals(7, stats.findIndexHinted(TEST_IFACE2, 102, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                    METERED_YES, ROAMING_YES, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, hint));
+            assertEquals(-1, stats.findIndexHinted(TEST_IFACE, 6, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                    METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, hint));
+            assertEquals(-1, stats.findIndexHinted(TEST_IFACE2, 102, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                    METERED_YES, ROAMING_YES, DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, hint));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAddEntryGrow() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkStats stats = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 4);
+
+        assertEquals(0, stats.size());
+        assertEquals(4, stats.internalSize());
+
+        stats.insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, TEST_UID, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 1L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 3);
+        stats.insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, TEST_UID, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 4);
+        stats.insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, TEST_UID, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_YES,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 3L, 3L, 2L, 2L, 5);
+        stats.insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, TEST_UID, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_YES, ROAMING_YES,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 3L, 3L, 2L, 2L, 5);
+
+        assertEquals(4, stats.size());
+        assertEquals(4, stats.internalSize());
+
+        stats.insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, TEST_UID, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 4L, 40L, 4L, 40L, 7);
+        stats.insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, TEST_UID, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 5L, 50L, 4L, 40L, 8);
+        stats.insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, TEST_UID, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 6L, 60L, 5L, 50L, 10);
+        stats.insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, TEST_UID, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_YES,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 7L, 70L, 5L, 50L, 11);
+        stats.insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, TEST_UID, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_YES, ROAMING_YES,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 7L, 70L, 5L, 50L, 11);
+
+        assertEquals(9, stats.size());
+        assertTrue(stats.internalSize() >= 9);
+
+        assertValues(stats, 0, TEST_IFACE, TEST_UID, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 1L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 3);
+        assertValues(stats, 1, TEST_IFACE, TEST_UID, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 4);
+        assertValues(stats, 2, TEST_IFACE, TEST_UID, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_YES,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 3L, 3L, 2L, 2L, 5);
+        assertValues(stats, 3, TEST_IFACE, TEST_UID, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_YES,
+                ROAMING_YES, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 3L, 3L, 2L, 2L, 5);
+        assertValues(stats, 4, TEST_IFACE, TEST_UID, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 4L, 40L, 4L, 40L, 7);
+        assertValues(stats, 5, TEST_IFACE, TEST_UID, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 5L, 50L, 4L, 40L, 8);
+        assertValues(stats, 6, TEST_IFACE, TEST_UID, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 6L, 60L, 5L, 50L, 10);
+        assertValues(stats, 7, TEST_IFACE, TEST_UID, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_YES,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 7L, 70L, 5L, 50L, 11);
+        assertValues(stats, 8, TEST_IFACE, TEST_UID, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_YES,
+                ROAMING_YES, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 7L, 70L, 5L, 50L, 11);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCombineExisting() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkStats stats = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 10);
+
+        stats.insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 1001, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 512L, 4L, 256L, 2L, 10);
+        stats.insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 1001, SET_DEFAULT, 0xff, 128L, 1L, 128L, 1L, 2);
+        stats.combineValues(TEST_IFACE, 1001, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, -128L, -1L,
+                -128L, -1L, -1);
+
+        assertValues(stats, 0, TEST_IFACE, 1001, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 384L, 3L, 128L, 1L, 9);
+        assertValues(stats, 1, TEST_IFACE, 1001, SET_DEFAULT, 0xff, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 128L, 1L, 128L, 1L, 2);
+
+        // now try combining that should create row
+        stats.combineValues(TEST_IFACE, 5005, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 128L, 1L, 128L, 1L, 3);
+        assertValues(stats, 2, TEST_IFACE, 5005, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 128L, 1L, 128L, 1L, 3);
+        stats.combineValues(TEST_IFACE, 5005, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 128L, 1L, 128L, 1L, 3);
+        assertValues(stats, 2, TEST_IFACE, 5005, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 256L, 2L, 256L, 2L, 6);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSubtractIdenticalData() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkStats before = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 2)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1024L, 8L, 0L, 0L, 11)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 101, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 0L, 0L, 1024L, 8L, 12);
+
+        final NetworkStats after = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 2)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1024L, 8L, 0L, 0L, 11)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 101, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 0L, 0L, 1024L, 8L, 12);
+
+        final NetworkStats result = after.subtract(before);
+
+        // identical data should result in zero delta
+        assertValues(result, 0, TEST_IFACE, 100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+        assertValues(result, 1, TEST_IFACE, 101, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSubtractIdenticalRows() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkStats before = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 2)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1024L, 8L, 0L, 0L, 11)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 101, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 0L, 0L, 1024L, 8L, 12);
+
+        final NetworkStats after = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 2)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1025L, 9L, 2L, 1L, 15)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 101, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 3L, 1L, 1028L, 9L, 20);
+
+        final NetworkStats result = after.subtract(before);
+
+        // expect delta between measurements
+        assertValues(result, 0, TEST_IFACE, 100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 1L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 4);
+        assertValues(result, 1, TEST_IFACE, 101, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 3L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 8);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSubtractNewRows() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkStats before = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 2)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1024L, 8L, 0L, 0L, 11)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 101, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 0L, 0L, 1024L, 8L, 12);
+
+        final NetworkStats after = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 3)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1024L, 8L, 0L, 0L, 11)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 101, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 0L, 0L, 1024L, 8L, 12)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 102, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1024L, 8L, 1024L, 8L, 20);
+
+        final NetworkStats result = after.subtract(before);
+
+        // its okay to have new rows
+        assertValues(result, 0, TEST_IFACE, 100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+        assertValues(result, 1, TEST_IFACE, 101, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+        assertValues(result, 2, TEST_IFACE, 102, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 1024L, 8L, 1024L, 8L, 20);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSubtractMissingRows() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkStats before = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 2)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_ALL, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1024L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE2, UID_ALL, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 2048L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+
+        final NetworkStats after = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 1)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE2, UID_ALL, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 2049L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 0);
+
+        final NetworkStats result = after.subtract(before);
+
+        // should silently drop omitted rows
+        assertEquals(1, result.size());
+        assertValues(result, 0, TEST_IFACE2, UID_ALL, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO,
+                ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 1L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 0);
+        assertEquals(4L, result.getTotalBytes());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTotalBytes() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkStats iface = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 2)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_ALL, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 128L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE2, UID_ALL, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 256L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
+        assertEquals(384L, iface.getTotalBytes());
+
+        final NetworkStats uidSet = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 3)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 32L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 101, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 32L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 101, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE, 32L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
+        assertEquals(96L, uidSet.getTotalBytes());
+
+        final NetworkStats uidTag = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 6)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 16L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE2, 100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 16L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE2, 100, SET_DEFAULT, 0xF00D, 8L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE2, 100, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE, 16L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 101, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 16L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 101, SET_DEFAULT, 0xF00D, 8L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
+        assertEquals(64L, uidTag.getTotalBytes());
+
+        final NetworkStats uidMetered = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 3)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 32L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 101, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_YES, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 32L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 101, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_YES, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 32L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
+        assertEquals(96L, uidMetered.getTotalBytes());
+
+        final NetworkStats uidRoaming = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 3)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 32L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 101, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_YES, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 32L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 101, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_YES,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 32L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
+        assertEquals(96L, uidRoaming.getTotalBytes());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGroupedByIfaceEmpty() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkStats uidStats = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 3);
+        final NetworkStats grouped = uidStats.groupedByIface();
+
+        assertEquals(0, uidStats.size());
+        assertEquals(0, grouped.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGroupedByIfaceAll() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkStats uidStats = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 3)
+                .insertEntry(IFACE_ALL, 100, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 128L, 8L, 0L, 2L, 20L)
+                .insertEntry(IFACE_ALL, 101, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE, METERED_YES, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 128L, 8L, 0L, 2L, 20L)
+                .insertEntry(IFACE_ALL, 101, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_YES,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 128L, 8L, 0L, 2L, 20L);
+        final NetworkStats grouped = uidStats.groupedByIface();
+
+        assertEquals(3, uidStats.size());
+        assertEquals(1, grouped.size());
+
+        assertValues(grouped, 0, IFACE_ALL, UID_ALL, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 384L, 24L, 0L, 6L, 0L);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGroupedByIface() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkStats uidStats = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 7)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 128L, 8L, 0L, 2L, 20L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE2, 100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 512L, 32L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE2, 100, SET_DEFAULT, 0xF00D, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 64L, 4L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE2, 100, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 512L, 32L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 101, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 128L, 8L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 101, SET_DEFAULT, 0xF00D, METERED_YES, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 128L, 8L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 101, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_YES,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 128L, 8L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
+
+        final NetworkStats grouped = uidStats.groupedByIface();
+
+        assertEquals(7, uidStats.size());
+
+        assertEquals(2, grouped.size());
+        assertValues(grouped, 0, TEST_IFACE, UID_ALL, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 384L, 24L, 0L, 2L, 0L);
+        assertValues(grouped, 1, TEST_IFACE2, UID_ALL, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 1024L, 64L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAddAllValues() {
+        final NetworkStats first = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 5)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_YES, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 32L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 100, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 32L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 100, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE, METERED_YES, ROAMING_YES,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 32L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
+
+        final NetworkStats second = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 2)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_YES, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 32L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE2, UID_ALL, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 32L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 100, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE, METERED_YES, ROAMING_YES,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 32L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
+
+        first.combineAllValues(second);
+
+        assertEquals(4, first.size());
+        assertValues(first, 0, TEST_IFACE, 100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_YES, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 64L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
+        assertValues(first, 1, TEST_IFACE, 100, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 32L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
+        assertValues(first, 2, TEST_IFACE, 100, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE, METERED_YES, ROAMING_YES,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 64L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
+        assertValues(first, 3, TEST_IFACE2, UID_ALL, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 32L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetTotal() {
+        final NetworkStats stats = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 7)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 128L, 8L, 0L, 2L, 20L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE2, 100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 512L, 32L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE2, 100, SET_DEFAULT, 0xF00D, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 64L, 4L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE2, 100, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 512L,32L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 101, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_YES, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 128L, 8L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 101, SET_DEFAULT, 0xF00D, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 128L, 8L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_YES,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 128L, 8L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
+
+        assertValues(stats.getTotal(null), 1408L, 88L, 0L, 2L, 20L);
+        assertValues(stats.getTotal(null, 100), 1280L, 80L, 0L, 2L, 20L);
+        assertValues(stats.getTotal(null, 101), 128L, 8L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
+
+        final HashSet<String> ifaces = Sets.newHashSet();
+        assertValues(stats.getTotal(null, ifaces), 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
+
+        ifaces.add(TEST_IFACE2);
+        assertValues(stats.getTotal(null, ifaces), 1024L, 64L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRemoveUids() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkStats before = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 3);
+
+        // Test 0 item stats.
+        NetworkStats after = before.clone();
+        after.removeUids(new int[0]);
+        assertEquals(0, after.size());
+        after.removeUids(new int[] {100});
+        assertEquals(0, after.size());
+
+        // Test 1 item stats.
+        before.insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 99, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1L, 128L, 0L, 2L, 20L);
+        after = before.clone();
+        after.removeUids(new int[0]);
+        assertEquals(1, after.size());
+        assertValues(after, 0, TEST_IFACE, 99, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 1L, 128L, 0L, 2L, 20L);
+        after.removeUids(new int[] {99});
+        assertEquals(0, after.size());
+
+        // Append remaining test items.
+        before.insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 2L, 64L, 0L, 2L, 20L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE2, 100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 4L, 32L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE2, 100, SET_DEFAULT, 0xF00D, 8L, 16L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE2, 100, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE, 16L, 8L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 101, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 32L, 4L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 101, SET_DEFAULT, 0xF00D, 64L, 2L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
+        assertEquals(7, before.size());
+
+        // Test remove with empty uid list.
+        after = before.clone();
+        after.removeUids(new int[0]);
+        assertValues(after.getTotalIncludingTags(null), 127L, 254L, 0L, 4L, 40L);
+
+        // Test remove uids don't exist in stats.
+        after.removeUids(new int[] {98, 0, Integer.MIN_VALUE, Integer.MAX_VALUE});
+        assertValues(after.getTotalIncludingTags(null), 127L, 254L, 0L, 4L, 40L);
+
+        // Test remove all uids.
+        after.removeUids(new int[] {99, 100, 100, 101});
+        assertEquals(0, after.size());
+
+        // Test remove in the middle.
+        after = before.clone();
+        after.removeUids(new int[] {100});
+        assertEquals(3, after.size());
+        assertValues(after, 0, TEST_IFACE, 99, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 1L, 128L, 0L, 2L, 20L);
+        assertValues(after, 1, TEST_IFACE, 101, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 32L, 4L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
+        assertValues(after, 2, TEST_IFACE, 101, SET_DEFAULT, 0xF00D, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 64L, 2L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRemoveEmptyEntries() throws Exception {
+        // Test empty stats.
+        final NetworkStats statsEmpty = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 3);
+        assertEquals(0, statsEmpty.removeEmptyEntries().size());
+
+        // Test stats with non-zero entry.
+        final NetworkStats statsNonZero = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 1)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 99, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO,
+                        ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 1L, 128L, 0L, 2L, 20L);
+        assertEquals(1, statsNonZero.size());
+        final NetworkStats expectedNonZero = statsNonZero.removeEmptyEntries();
+        assertEquals(1, expectedNonZero.size());
+        assertValues(expectedNonZero, 0, TEST_IFACE, 99, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO,
+                ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 1L, 128L, 0L, 2L, 20L);
+
+        // Test stats with empty entry.
+        final NetworkStats statsZero = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 1)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 99, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO,
+                        ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
+        assertEquals(1, statsZero.size());
+        final NetworkStats expectedZero = statsZero.removeEmptyEntries();
+        assertEquals(1, statsZero.size()); // Assert immutable.
+        assertEquals(0, expectedZero.size());
+
+        // Test stats with multiple entries.
+        final NetworkStats statsMultiple = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 0)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 2L, 64L, 0L, 2L, 20L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE2, 100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 4L, 32L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 101, SET_DEFAULT, 0xF00D, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 101, SET_DEFAULT, 0xF00D, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE2, 100, SET_DEFAULT, 0xF00D, 8L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE2, 100, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE, 0L, 8L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 101, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 0L, 0L, 4L, 0L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 101, SET_DEFAULT, 0xF00D, 0L, 0L, 0L, 2L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 101, SET_DEFAULT, 0xF00D, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L);
+        assertEquals(9, statsMultiple.size());
+        final NetworkStats expectedMultiple = statsMultiple.removeEmptyEntries();
+        assertEquals(9, statsMultiple.size()); // Assert immutable.
+        assertEquals(7, expectedMultiple.size());
+        assertValues(expectedMultiple.getTotalIncludingTags(null), 14L, 104L, 4L, 4L, 21L);
+
+        // Test stats with multiple empty entries.
+        assertEquals(statsMultiple.size(), statsMultiple.subtract(statsMultiple).size());
+        assertEquals(0, statsMultiple.subtract(statsMultiple).removeEmptyEntries().size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testClone() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkStats original = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 5)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 128L, 8L, 0L, 2L, 20L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE2, 100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 512L, 32L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
+
+        // make clone and mutate original
+        final NetworkStats clone = original.clone();
+        original.insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 101, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 128L, 8L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
+
+        assertEquals(3, original.size());
+        assertEquals(2, clone.size());
+
+        assertEquals(128L + 512L + 128L, original.getTotalBytes());
+        assertEquals(128L + 512L, clone.getTotalBytes());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAddWhenEmpty() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkStats red = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, -1);
+        final NetworkStats blue = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 5)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 128L, 8L, 0L, 2L, 20L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE2, 100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 512L, 32L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
+
+        // We're mostly checking that we don't crash
+        red.combineAllValues(blue);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMigrateTun() throws Exception {
+        final int tunUid = 10030;
+        final String tunIface = "tun0";
+        final String underlyingIface = "wlan0";
+        final int testTag1 = 8888;
+        NetworkStats delta = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 17)
+                .insertEntry(tunIface, 10100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 39605L, 46L, 12259L, 55L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(tunIface, 10100, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(tunIface, 10120, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 72667L, 197L, 43909L, 241L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(tunIface, 10120, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 9297L, 17L, 4128L, 21L, 0L)
+                // VPN package also uses some traffic through unprotected network.
+                .insertEntry(tunIface, tunUid, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 4983L, 10L, 1801L, 12L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(tunIface, tunUid, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+                // Tag entries
+                .insertEntry(tunIface, 10120, SET_DEFAULT, testTag1, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 21691L, 41L, 13820L, 51L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(tunIface, 10120, SET_FOREGROUND, testTag1, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 1281L, 2L, 665L, 2L, 0L)
+                // Irrelevant entries
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 10100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 1685L, 5L, 2070L, 6L, 0L)
+                // Underlying Iface entries
+                .insertEntry(underlyingIface, 10100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 5178L, 8L, 2139L, 11L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(underlyingIface, 10100, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO,
+                        ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(underlyingIface, tunUid, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 149873L, 287L, 59217L /* smaller than sum(tun0) */,
+                        299L /* smaller than sum(tun0) */, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(underlyingIface, tunUid, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO,
+                        ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
+
+        delta.migrateTun(tunUid, tunIface, Arrays.asList(underlyingIface));
+        assertEquals(20, delta.size());
+
+        // tunIface and TEST_IFACE entries are not changed.
+        assertValues(delta, 0, tunIface, 10100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 39605L, 46L, 12259L, 55L, 0L);
+        assertValues(delta, 1, tunIface, 10100, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
+        assertValues(delta, 2, tunIface, 10120, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 72667L, 197L, 43909L, 241L, 0L);
+        assertValues(delta, 3, tunIface, 10120, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 9297L, 17L, 4128L, 21L, 0L);
+        assertValues(delta, 4, tunIface, tunUid, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 4983L, 10L, 1801L, 12L, 0L);
+        assertValues(delta, 5, tunIface, tunUid, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
+        assertValues(delta, 6, tunIface, 10120, SET_DEFAULT, testTag1, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 21691L, 41L, 13820L, 51L, 0L);
+        assertValues(delta, 7, tunIface, 10120, SET_FOREGROUND, testTag1, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 1281L, 2L, 665L, 2L, 0L);
+        assertValues(delta, 8, TEST_IFACE, 10100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 1685L, 5L, 2070L, 6L, 0L);
+
+        // Existing underlying Iface entries are updated
+        assertValues(delta, 9, underlyingIface, 10100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO,
+                ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 44783L, 54L, 14178L, 62L, 0L);
+        assertValues(delta, 10, underlyingIface, 10100, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO,
+                ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
+
+        // VPN underlying Iface entries are updated
+        assertValues(delta, 11, underlyingIface, tunUid, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO,
+                ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 28304L, 27L, 1L, 2L, 0L);
+        assertValues(delta, 12, underlyingIface, tunUid, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO,
+                ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
+
+        // New entries are added for new application's underlying Iface traffic
+        assertContains(delta, underlyingIface, 10120, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO,
+                ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 72667L, 197L, 43123L, 227L, 0L);
+        assertContains(delta, underlyingIface, 10120, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO,
+                ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 9297L, 17L, 4054, 19L, 0L);
+        assertContains(delta, underlyingIface, 10120, SET_DEFAULT, testTag1, METERED_NO,
+                ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 21691L, 41L, 13572L, 48L, 0L);
+        assertContains(delta, underlyingIface, 10120, SET_FOREGROUND, testTag1, METERED_NO,
+                ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 1281L, 2L, 653L, 1L, 0L);
+
+        // New entries are added for debug purpose
+        assertContains(delta, underlyingIface, 10100, SET_DBG_VPN_IN, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO,
+                ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 39605L, 46L, 12039, 51, 0);
+        assertContains(delta, underlyingIface, 10120, SET_DBG_VPN_IN, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO,
+                ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 81964, 214, 47177, 246, 0);
+        assertContains(delta, underlyingIface, tunUid, SET_DBG_VPN_OUT, TAG_NONE, METERED_ALL,
+                ROAMING_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 121569, 260, 59216, 297, 0);
+
+    }
+
+    // Tests a case where all of the data received by the tun0 interface is echo back into the tun0
+    // interface by the vpn app before it's sent out of the underlying interface. The VPN app should
+    // not be charged for the echoed data but it should still be charged for any extra data it sends
+    // via the underlying interface.
+    @Test
+    public void testMigrateTun_VpnAsLoopback() {
+        final int tunUid = 10030;
+        final String tunIface = "tun0";
+        final String underlyingIface = "wlan0";
+        NetworkStats delta = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 9)
+                // 2 different apps sent/receive data via tun0.
+                .insertEntry(tunIface, 10100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 50000L, 25L, 100000L, 50L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(tunIface, 20100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 500L, 2L, 200L, 5L, 0L)
+                // VPN package resends data through the tunnel (with exaggerated overhead)
+                .insertEntry(tunIface, tunUid, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 240000, 100L, 120000L, 60L, 0L)
+                // 1 app already has some traffic on the underlying interface, the other doesn't yet
+                .insertEntry(underlyingIface, 10100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 1000L, 10L, 2000L, 20L, 0L)
+                // Traffic through the underlying interface via the vpn app.
+                // This test should redistribute this data correctly.
+                .insertEntry(underlyingIface, tunUid, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 75500L, 37L, 130000L, 70L, 0L);
+
+        delta.migrateTun(tunUid, tunIface, Arrays.asList(underlyingIface));
+        assertEquals(9, delta.size());
+
+        // tunIface entries should not be changed.
+        assertValues(delta, 0, tunIface, 10100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 50000L, 25L, 100000L, 50L, 0L);
+        assertValues(delta, 1, tunIface, 20100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 500L, 2L, 200L, 5L, 0L);
+        assertValues(delta, 2, tunIface, tunUid, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 240000L, 100L, 120000L, 60L, 0L);
+
+        // Existing underlying Iface entries are updated
+        assertValues(delta, 3, underlyingIface, 10100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO,
+                ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 51000L, 35L, 102000L, 70L, 0L);
+
+        // VPN underlying Iface entries are updated
+        assertValues(delta, 4, underlyingIface, tunUid, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO,
+                ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 25000L, 10L, 29800L, 15L, 0L);
+
+        // New entries are added for new application's underlying Iface traffic
+        assertContains(delta, underlyingIface, 20100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO,
+                ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 500L, 2L, 200L, 5L, 0L);
+
+        // New entries are added for debug purpose
+        assertContains(delta, underlyingIface, 10100, SET_DBG_VPN_IN, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO,
+                ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 50000L, 25L, 100000L, 50L, 0L);
+        assertContains(delta, underlyingIface, 20100, SET_DBG_VPN_IN, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO,
+                ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 500, 2L, 200L, 5L, 0L);
+        assertContains(delta, underlyingIface, tunUid, SET_DBG_VPN_OUT, TAG_NONE, METERED_ALL,
+                ROAMING_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 50500L, 27L, 100200L, 55, 0);
+    }
+
+    // Tests a case where an PlatformVpn is used, where the entire datapath is in the kernel,
+    // including all encapsulation/decapsulation.
+    @Test
+    public void testMigrateTun_platformVpn() {
+        final int ownerUid = Process.SYSTEM_UID;
+        final String tunIface = "ipsec1";
+        final String underlyingIface = "wlan0";
+        NetworkStats delta = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 9)
+                // 2 different apps sent/receive data via ipsec1.
+                .insertEntry(tunIface, 10100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 50000L, 25L, 100000L, 50L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(tunIface, 20100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 500L, 2L, 200L, 5L, 0L)
+                // Owner (system) sends data through the tunnel
+                .insertEntry(tunIface, ownerUid, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 2000L, 20L, 3000L, 30L, 0L)
+                // 1 app already has some traffic on the underlying interface, the other doesn't yet
+                .insertEntry(underlyingIface, 10100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 1000L, 10L, 2000L, 20L, 0L);
+
+        delta.migrateTun(ownerUid, tunIface, Arrays.asList(underlyingIface));
+        assertEquals(9, delta.size()); // 3 DBG entries + 1 entry per app per interface
+
+        // tunIface entries should not be changed.
+        assertValues(delta, 0, tunIface, 10100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 50000L, 25L, 100000L, 50L, 0L);
+        assertValues(delta, 1, tunIface, 20100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 500L, 2L, 200L, 5L, 0L);
+        assertValues(delta, 2, tunIface, ownerUid, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 2000L, 20L, 3000L, 30L, 0L);
+
+        // Existing underlying Iface entries are updated to include usage over ipsec1
+        assertValues(delta, 3, underlyingIface, 10100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO,
+                ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 51000L, 35L, 102000L, 70L, 0L);
+
+        // New entries are added on underlying Iface traffic
+        assertContains(delta, underlyingIface, ownerUid, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO,
+                ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 2000L, 20L, 3000L, 30L, 0L);
+        assertContains(delta, underlyingIface, 20100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO,
+                ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 500L, 2L, 200L, 5L, 0L);
+
+        // New entries are added for debug purpose
+        assertContains(delta, underlyingIface, 10100, SET_DBG_VPN_IN, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO,
+                ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 50000L, 25L, 100000L, 50L, 0L);
+        assertContains(delta, underlyingIface, 20100, SET_DBG_VPN_IN, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO,
+                ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 500, 2L, 200L, 5L, 0L);
+        assertContains(delta, underlyingIface, ownerUid, SET_DBG_VPN_IN, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO,
+                ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 2000L, 20L, 3000L, 30L, 0L);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFilter_NoFilter() {
+        NetworkStats.Entry entry1 = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                "test1", 10100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 50000L, 25L, 100000L, 50L, 0L);
+
+        NetworkStats.Entry entry2 = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                "test2", 10101, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 50000L, 25L, 100000L, 50L, 0L);
+
+        NetworkStats.Entry entry3 = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                "test2", 10101, SET_DEFAULT, 123, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 50000L, 25L, 100000L, 50L, 0L);
+
+        NetworkStats stats = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 3)
+                .insertEntry(entry1)
+                .insertEntry(entry2)
+                .insertEntry(entry3);
+
+        stats.filter(UID_ALL, INTERFACES_ALL, TAG_ALL);
+        assertEquals(3, stats.size());
+        assertEquals(entry1, stats.getValues(0, null));
+        assertEquals(entry2, stats.getValues(1, null));
+        assertEquals(entry3, stats.getValues(2, null));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFilter_UidFilter() {
+        final int testUid = 10101;
+        NetworkStats.Entry entry1 = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                "test1", 10100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 50000L, 25L, 100000L, 50L, 0L);
+
+        NetworkStats.Entry entry2 = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                "test2", testUid, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 50000L, 25L, 100000L, 50L, 0L);
+
+        NetworkStats.Entry entry3 = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                "test2", testUid, SET_DEFAULT, 123, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 50000L, 25L, 100000L, 50L, 0L);
+
+        NetworkStats stats = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 3)
+                .insertEntry(entry1)
+                .insertEntry(entry2)
+                .insertEntry(entry3);
+
+        stats.filter(testUid, INTERFACES_ALL, TAG_ALL);
+        assertEquals(2, stats.size());
+        assertEquals(entry2, stats.getValues(0, null));
+        assertEquals(entry3, stats.getValues(1, null));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFilter_InterfaceFilter() {
+        final String testIf1 = "testif1";
+        final String testIf2 = "testif2";
+        NetworkStats.Entry entry1 = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                testIf1, 10100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 50000L, 25L, 100000L, 50L, 0L);
+
+        NetworkStats.Entry entry2 = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                "otherif", 10101, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 50000L, 25L, 100000L, 50L, 0L);
+
+        NetworkStats.Entry entry3 = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                testIf1, 10101, SET_DEFAULT, 123, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 50000L, 25L, 100000L, 50L, 0L);
+
+        NetworkStats.Entry entry4 = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                testIf2, 10101, SET_DEFAULT, 123, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 50000L, 25L, 100000L, 50L, 0L);
+
+        NetworkStats stats = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 4)
+                .insertEntry(entry1)
+                .insertEntry(entry2)
+                .insertEntry(entry3)
+                .insertEntry(entry4);
+
+        stats.filter(UID_ALL, new String[] { testIf1, testIf2 }, TAG_ALL);
+        assertEquals(3, stats.size());
+        assertEquals(entry1, stats.getValues(0, null));
+        assertEquals(entry3, stats.getValues(1, null));
+        assertEquals(entry4, stats.getValues(2, null));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFilter_EmptyInterfaceFilter() {
+        NetworkStats.Entry entry1 = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                "if1", 10100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 50000L, 25L, 100000L, 50L, 0L);
+
+        NetworkStats.Entry entry2 = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                "if2", 10101, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 50000L, 25L, 100000L, 50L, 0L);
+
+        NetworkStats stats = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 3)
+                .insertEntry(entry1)
+                .insertEntry(entry2);
+
+        stats.filter(UID_ALL, new String[] { }, TAG_ALL);
+        assertEquals(0, stats.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFilter_TagFilter() {
+        final int testTag = 123;
+        final int otherTag = 456;
+        NetworkStats.Entry entry1 = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                "test1", 10100, SET_DEFAULT, testTag, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 50000L, 25L, 100000L, 50L, 0L);
+
+        NetworkStats.Entry entry2 = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                "test2", 10101, SET_DEFAULT, testTag, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 50000L, 25L, 100000L, 50L, 0L);
+
+        NetworkStats.Entry entry3 = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                "test2", 10101, SET_DEFAULT, otherTag, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 50000L, 25L, 100000L, 50L, 0L);
+
+        NetworkStats stats = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 3)
+                .insertEntry(entry1)
+                .insertEntry(entry2)
+                .insertEntry(entry3);
+
+        stats.filter(UID_ALL, INTERFACES_ALL, testTag);
+        assertEquals(2, stats.size());
+        assertEquals(entry1, stats.getValues(0, null));
+        assertEquals(entry2, stats.getValues(1, null));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFilterDebugEntries() {
+        NetworkStats.Entry entry1 = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                "test1", 10100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 50000L, 25L, 100000L, 50L, 0L);
+
+        NetworkStats.Entry entry2 = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                "test2", 10101, SET_DBG_VPN_IN, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 50000L, 25L, 100000L, 50L, 0L);
+
+        NetworkStats.Entry entry3 = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                "test2", 10101, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 50000L, 25L, 100000L, 50L, 0L);
+
+        NetworkStats.Entry entry4 = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                "test2", 10101, SET_DBG_VPN_OUT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 50000L, 25L, 100000L, 50L, 0L);
+
+        NetworkStats stats = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 4)
+                .insertEntry(entry1)
+                .insertEntry(entry2)
+                .insertEntry(entry3)
+                .insertEntry(entry4);
+
+        stats.filterDebugEntries();
+
+        assertEquals(2, stats.size());
+        assertEquals(entry1, stats.getValues(0, null));
+        assertEquals(entry3, stats.getValues(1, null));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testApply464xlatAdjustments() {
+        final String v4Iface = "v4-wlan0";
+        final String baseIface = "wlan0";
+        final String otherIface = "other";
+        final int appUid = 10001;
+        final int rootUid = Process.ROOT_UID;
+        ArrayMap<String, String> stackedIface = new ArrayMap<>();
+        stackedIface.put(v4Iface, baseIface);
+
+        // Ipv4 traffic sent/received by an app on stacked interface.
+        final NetworkStats.Entry appEntry = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                v4Iface, appUid, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                30501490  /* rxBytes */,
+                22401 /* rxPackets */,
+                876235 /* txBytes */,
+                13805 /* txPackets */,
+                0 /* operations */);
+
+        // Traffic measured for the root uid on the base interface.
+        final NetworkStats.Entry rootUidEntry = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                baseIface, rootUid, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                163577 /* rxBytes */,
+                187 /* rxPackets */,
+                17607 /* txBytes */,
+                97 /* txPackets */,
+                0 /* operations */);
+
+        final NetworkStats.Entry otherEntry = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                otherIface, appUid, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                2600  /* rxBytes */,
+                2 /* rxPackets */,
+                3800 /* txBytes */,
+                3 /* txPackets */,
+                0 /* operations */);
+
+        final NetworkStats stats = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 3)
+                .insertEntry(appEntry)
+                .insertEntry(rootUidEntry)
+                .insertEntry(otherEntry);
+
+        stats.apply464xlatAdjustments(stackedIface);
+
+        assertEquals(3, stats.size());
+        final NetworkStats.Entry expectedAppUid = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                v4Iface, appUid, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                30949510,
+                22401,
+                1152335,
+                13805,
+                0);
+        final NetworkStats.Entry expectedRootUid = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                baseIface, 0, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                163577,
+                187,
+                17607,
+                97,
+                0);
+        assertEquals(expectedAppUid, stats.getValues(0, null));
+        assertEquals(expectedRootUid, stats.getValues(1, null));
+        assertEquals(otherEntry, stats.getValues(2, null));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testApply464xlatAdjustments_noStackedIface() {
+        NetworkStats.Entry firstEntry = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                "if1", 10002, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                2600  /* rxBytes */,
+                2 /* rxPackets */,
+                3800 /* txBytes */,
+                3 /* txPackets */,
+                0 /* operations */);
+        NetworkStats.Entry secondEntry = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                "if2", 10002, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                5000  /* rxBytes */,
+                3 /* rxPackets */,
+                6000 /* txBytes */,
+                4 /* txPackets */,
+                0 /* operations */);
+
+        NetworkStats stats = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 2)
+                .insertEntry(firstEntry)
+                .insertEntry(secondEntry);
+
+        // Empty map: no adjustment
+        stats.apply464xlatAdjustments(new ArrayMap<>());
+
+        assertEquals(2, stats.size());
+        assertEquals(firstEntry, stats.getValues(0, null));
+        assertEquals(secondEntry, stats.getValues(1, null));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIterator() {
+        final NetworkStats emptyStats = new NetworkStats(0, 0);
+        final Iterator emptyIterator = emptyStats.iterator();
+        assertFalse(emptyIterator.hasNext());
+
+        final int numEntries = 10;
+        final ArrayList<NetworkStats.Entry> entries = new ArrayList<>();
+        final NetworkStats stats = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 1);
+        for (int i = 0; i < numEntries; ++i) {
+            NetworkStats.Entry entry = new NetworkStats.Entry("test1", 10100, SET_DEFAULT,
+                    TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO,
+                    i * 10L /* rxBytes */, i * 3L /* rxPackets */,
+                    i * 15L /* txBytes */, i * 2L /* txPackets */, 0L /* operations */);
+            stats.insertEntry(entry);
+            entries.add(entry);
+        }
+
+        for (NetworkStats.Entry e : stats) {
+            assertEquals(e, entries.remove(0));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void assertContains(NetworkStats stats,  String iface, int uid, int set,
+            int tag, int metered, int roaming, int defaultNetwork, long rxBytes, long rxPackets,
+            long txBytes, long txPackets, long operations) {
+        int index = stats.findIndex(iface, uid, set, tag, metered, roaming, defaultNetwork);
+        assertTrue(index != -1);
+        assertValues(stats, index, iface, uid, set, tag, metered, roaming, defaultNetwork,
+                rxBytes, rxPackets, txBytes, txPackets, operations);
+    }
+
+    private static void assertValues(NetworkStats stats, int index, String iface, int uid, int set,
+            int tag, int metered, int roaming, int defaultNetwork, long rxBytes, long rxPackets,
+            long txBytes, long txPackets, long operations) {
+        final NetworkStats.Entry entry = stats.getValues(index, null);
+        assertValues(entry, iface, uid, set, tag, metered, roaming, defaultNetwork);
+        assertValues(entry, rxBytes, rxPackets, txBytes, txPackets, operations);
+    }
+
+    private static void assertValues(
+            NetworkStats.Entry entry, String iface, int uid, int set, int tag, int metered,
+            int roaming, int defaultNetwork) {
+        assertEquals(iface, entry.getIface());
+        assertEquals(uid, entry.getUid());
+        assertEquals(set, entry.getSet());
+        assertEquals(tag, entry.getTag());
+        assertEquals(metered, entry.getMetered());
+        assertEquals(roaming, entry.getRoaming());
+        assertEquals(defaultNetwork, entry.getDefaultNetwork());
+    }
+
+    private static void assertValues(NetworkStats.Entry entry, long rxBytes, long rxPackets,
+            long txBytes, long txPackets, long operations) {
+        assertEquals(rxBytes, entry.getRxBytes());
+        assertEquals(rxPackets, entry.getRxPackets());
+        assertEquals(txBytes, entry.getTxBytes());
+        assertEquals(txPackets, entry.getTxPackets());
+        assertEquals(operations, entry.getOperations());
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkTemplateTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkTemplateTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..abd1825
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkTemplateTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,551 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net
+
+import android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager.NETWORK_TYPE_5G_NSA
+import android.content.Context
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI
+import android.net.NetworkIdentity.OEM_NONE
+import android.net.NetworkIdentity.OEM_PAID
+import android.net.NetworkIdentity.OEM_PRIVATE
+import android.net.NetworkIdentity.buildNetworkIdentity
+import android.net.NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL
+import android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_ALL
+import android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_NO
+import android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_YES
+import android.net.NetworkStats.ROAMING_ALL
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate.MATCH_MOBILE
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate.MATCH_MOBILE_WILDCARD
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate.MATCH_WIFI
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate.MATCH_WIFI_WILDCARD
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate.NETWORK_TYPE_ALL
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate.OEM_MANAGED_ALL
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate.OEM_MANAGED_NO
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate.OEM_MANAGED_YES
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate.WIFI_NETWORK_KEY_ALL
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateCarrierMetered
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateMobileAll
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateMobileWildcard
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateMobileWithRatType
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateWifi
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateWifiWildcard
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate.normalize
+import android.net.wifi.WifiInfo
+import android.os.Build
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStatsUtils.SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.assertParcelSane
+import org.junit.Before
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.Mockito.mock
+import org.mockito.Mockito.`when`
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertFalse
+import kotlin.test.assertNotEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+
+private const val TEST_IMSI1 = "imsi1"
+private const val TEST_IMSI2 = "imsi2"
+private const val TEST_IMSI3 = "imsi3"
+private const val TEST_WIFI_KEY1 = "wifiKey1"
+private const val TEST_WIFI_KEY2 = "wifiKey2"
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+class NetworkTemplateTest {
+    private val mockContext = mock(Context::class.java)
+    private val mockWifiInfo = mock(WifiInfo::class.java)
+
+    private fun buildMobileNetworkState(subscriberId: String): NetworkStateSnapshot =
+            buildNetworkState(TYPE_MOBILE, subscriberId = subscriberId)
+    private fun buildWifiNetworkState(subscriberId: String?, wifiKey: String?):
+            NetworkStateSnapshot = buildNetworkState(TYPE_WIFI,
+            subscriberId = subscriberId, wifiKey = wifiKey)
+
+    private fun buildNetworkState(
+        type: Int,
+        subscriberId: String? = null,
+        wifiKey: String? = null,
+        oemManaged: Int = OEM_NONE,
+        metered: Boolean = true
+    ): NetworkStateSnapshot {
+        `when`(mockWifiInfo.getNetworkKey()).thenReturn(wifiKey)
+        val lp = LinkProperties()
+        val caps = NetworkCapabilities().apply {
+            setCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED, !metered)
+            setCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING, true)
+            setCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID,
+                    (oemManaged and OEM_PAID) == OEM_PAID)
+            setCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE,
+                    (oemManaged and OEM_PRIVATE) == OEM_PRIVATE)
+            setTransportInfo(mockWifiInfo)
+        }
+        return NetworkStateSnapshot(mock(Network::class.java), caps, lp, subscriberId, type)
+    }
+
+    private fun NetworkTemplate.assertMatches(ident: NetworkIdentity) =
+            assertTrue(matches(ident), "$this does not match $ident")
+
+    private fun NetworkTemplate.assertDoesNotMatch(ident: NetworkIdentity) =
+            assertFalse(matches(ident), "$this should match $ident")
+
+    @Before
+    fun setup() {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testWifiWildcardMatches() {
+        val templateWifiWildcard = buildTemplateWifiWildcard()
+
+        val identMobileImsi1 = buildNetworkIdentity(mockContext,
+                buildMobileNetworkState(TEST_IMSI1),
+                false, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS)
+        val identWifiImsiNullKey1 = buildNetworkIdentity(
+                mockContext, buildWifiNetworkState(null, TEST_WIFI_KEY1), true, 0)
+        val identWifiImsi1Key1 = buildNetworkIdentity(
+                mockContext, buildWifiNetworkState(TEST_IMSI1, TEST_WIFI_KEY1), true, 0)
+
+        templateWifiWildcard.assertDoesNotMatch(identMobileImsi1)
+        templateWifiWildcard.assertMatches(identWifiImsiNullKey1)
+        templateWifiWildcard.assertMatches(identWifiImsi1Key1)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testWifiMatches() {
+        val templateWifiKey1 = buildTemplateWifi(TEST_WIFI_KEY1)
+        val templateWifiKey1ImsiNull = buildTemplateWifi(TEST_WIFI_KEY1, null)
+        val templateWifiKey1Imsi1 = buildTemplateWifi(TEST_WIFI_KEY1, TEST_IMSI1)
+        val templateWifiKeyAllImsi1 = buildTemplateWifi(WIFI_NETWORK_KEY_ALL, TEST_IMSI1)
+
+        val identMobile1 = buildNetworkIdentity(mockContext, buildMobileNetworkState(TEST_IMSI1),
+                false, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS)
+        val identWifiImsiNullKey1 = buildNetworkIdentity(
+                mockContext, buildWifiNetworkState(null, TEST_WIFI_KEY1), true, 0)
+        val identWifiImsi1Key1 = buildNetworkIdentity(
+                mockContext, buildWifiNetworkState(TEST_IMSI1, TEST_WIFI_KEY1), true, 0)
+        val identWifiImsi2Key1 = buildNetworkIdentity(
+                mockContext, buildWifiNetworkState(TEST_IMSI2, TEST_WIFI_KEY1), true, 0)
+        val identWifiImsi1Key2 = buildNetworkIdentity(
+                mockContext, buildWifiNetworkState(TEST_IMSI1, TEST_WIFI_KEY2), true, 0)
+
+        // Verify that template with WiFi Network Key only matches any subscriberId and
+        // specific WiFi Network Key.
+        templateWifiKey1.assertDoesNotMatch(identMobile1)
+        templateWifiKey1.assertMatches(identWifiImsiNullKey1)
+        templateWifiKey1.assertMatches(identWifiImsi1Key1)
+        templateWifiKey1.assertMatches(identWifiImsi2Key1)
+        templateWifiKey1.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifiImsi1Key2)
+
+        // Verify that template with WiFi Network Key1 and null imsi matches any network with
+        // WiFi Network Key1 and null imsi.
+        templateWifiKey1ImsiNull.assertDoesNotMatch(identMobile1)
+        templateWifiKey1ImsiNull.assertMatches(identWifiImsiNullKey1)
+        templateWifiKey1ImsiNull.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifiImsi1Key1)
+        templateWifiKey1ImsiNull.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifiImsi2Key1)
+        templateWifiKey1ImsiNull.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifiImsi1Key2)
+
+        // Verify that template with WiFi Network Key1 and imsi1 matches any network with
+        // WiFi Network Key1 and imsi1.
+        templateWifiKey1Imsi1.assertDoesNotMatch(identMobile1)
+        templateWifiKey1Imsi1.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifiImsiNullKey1)
+        templateWifiKey1Imsi1.assertMatches(identWifiImsi1Key1)
+        templateWifiKey1Imsi1.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifiImsi2Key1)
+        templateWifiKey1Imsi1.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifiImsi1Key2)
+
+        // Verify that template with WiFi Network Key all and imsi1 matches any network with
+        // any WiFi Network Key and imsi1.
+        templateWifiKeyAllImsi1.assertDoesNotMatch(identMobile1)
+        templateWifiKeyAllImsi1.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifiImsiNullKey1)
+        templateWifiKeyAllImsi1.assertMatches(identWifiImsi1Key1)
+        templateWifiKeyAllImsi1.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifiImsi2Key1)
+        templateWifiKeyAllImsi1.assertMatches(identWifiImsi1Key2)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMobileMatches() {
+        val templateMobileImsi1 = buildTemplateMobileAll(TEST_IMSI1)
+        val templateMobileImsi2WithRatType = buildTemplateMobileWithRatType(TEST_IMSI2,
+                TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS, METERED_YES)
+
+        val mobileImsi1 = buildNetworkState(TYPE_MOBILE, TEST_IMSI1, null /* wifiKey */,
+                OEM_NONE, true /* metered */)
+        val identMobile1 = buildNetworkIdentity(mockContext, mobileImsi1,
+                false /* defaultNetwork */, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS)
+        val mobileImsi2 = buildMobileNetworkState(TEST_IMSI2)
+        val identMobile2Umts = buildNetworkIdentity(mockContext, mobileImsi2,
+                false /* defaultNetwork */, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS)
+
+        val identWifiImsi1Key1 = buildNetworkIdentity(
+                mockContext, buildWifiNetworkState(TEST_IMSI1, TEST_WIFI_KEY1), true, 0)
+
+        // Verify that the template matches type and the subscriberId.
+        templateMobileImsi1.assertMatches(identMobile1)
+        templateMobileImsi2WithRatType.assertMatches(identMobile2Umts)
+
+        // Verify that the template does not match the different subscriberId.
+        templateMobileImsi1.assertDoesNotMatch(identMobile2Umts)
+        templateMobileImsi2WithRatType.assertDoesNotMatch(identMobile1)
+
+        // Verify that the different type does not match.
+        templateMobileImsi1.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifiImsi1Key1)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMobileWildcardMatches() {
+        val templateMobileWildcard = buildTemplateMobileWildcard()
+        val templateMobileNullImsiWithRatType = buildTemplateMobileWithRatType(null,
+                TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS, METERED_ALL)
+
+        val mobileImsi1 = buildMobileNetworkState(TEST_IMSI1)
+        val identMobile1 = buildNetworkIdentity(mockContext, mobileImsi1,
+                false /* defaultNetwork */, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS)
+
+        // Verify that the template matches any subscriberId.
+        templateMobileWildcard.assertMatches(identMobile1)
+        templateMobileNullImsiWithRatType.assertMatches(identMobile1)
+
+        val identWifiImsi1Key1 = buildNetworkIdentity(
+                mockContext, buildWifiNetworkState(TEST_IMSI1, TEST_WIFI_KEY1), true, 0)
+
+        // Verify that the different type does not match.
+        templateMobileWildcard.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifiImsi1Key1)
+        templateMobileNullImsiWithRatType.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifiImsi1Key1)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testCarrierMeteredMatches() {
+        val templateCarrierImsi1Metered = buildTemplateCarrierMetered(TEST_IMSI1)
+
+        val mobileImsi1 = buildMobileNetworkState(TEST_IMSI1)
+        val mobileImsi1Unmetered = buildNetworkState(TYPE_MOBILE, TEST_IMSI1,
+                null /* wifiKey */, OEM_NONE, false /* metered */)
+        val mobileImsi2 = buildMobileNetworkState(TEST_IMSI2)
+        val wifiKey1 = buildWifiNetworkState(null /* subscriberId */,
+                TEST_WIFI_KEY1)
+        val wifiImsi1Key1 = buildWifiNetworkState(TEST_IMSI1, TEST_WIFI_KEY1)
+        val wifiImsi1Key1Unmetered = buildNetworkState(TYPE_WIFI, TEST_IMSI1,
+                TEST_WIFI_KEY1, OEM_NONE, false /* metered */)
+
+        val identMobileImsi1Metered = buildNetworkIdentity(mockContext,
+                mobileImsi1, false /* defaultNetwork */, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS)
+        val identMobileImsi1Unmetered = buildNetworkIdentity(mockContext,
+                mobileImsi1Unmetered, false /* defaultNetwork */,
+                TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS)
+        val identMobileImsi2Metered = buildNetworkIdentity(mockContext,
+                mobileImsi2, false /* defaultNetwork */, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS)
+        val identWifiKey1Metered = buildNetworkIdentity(
+                mockContext, wifiKey1, true /* defaultNetwork */, 0 /* subType */)
+        val identCarrierWifiImsi1Metered = buildNetworkIdentity(
+                mockContext, wifiImsi1Key1, true /* defaultNetwork */, 0 /* subType */)
+        val identCarrierWifiImsi1NonMetered = buildNetworkIdentity(mockContext,
+                wifiImsi1Key1Unmetered, true /* defaultNetwork */, 0 /* subType */)
+
+        templateCarrierImsi1Metered.assertMatches(identMobileImsi1Metered)
+        templateCarrierImsi1Metered.assertDoesNotMatch(identMobileImsi1Unmetered)
+        templateCarrierImsi1Metered.assertDoesNotMatch(identMobileImsi2Metered)
+        templateCarrierImsi1Metered.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifiKey1Metered)
+        templateCarrierImsi1Metered.assertMatches(identCarrierWifiImsi1Metered)
+        templateCarrierImsi1Metered.assertDoesNotMatch(identCarrierWifiImsi1NonMetered)
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Refactor this test to reduce the line of codes.
+    @Test
+    fun testRatTypeGroupMatches() {
+        val stateMobileImsi1Metered = buildMobileNetworkState(TEST_IMSI1)
+        val stateMobileImsi1NonMetered = buildNetworkState(TYPE_MOBILE, TEST_IMSI1,
+                null /* wifiKey */, OEM_NONE, false /* metered */)
+        val stateMobileImsi2NonMetered = buildNetworkState(TYPE_MOBILE, TEST_IMSI2,
+                null /* wifiKey */, OEM_NONE, false /* metered */)
+
+        // Build UMTS template that matches mobile identities with RAT in the same
+        // group with any IMSI. See {@link NetworkTemplate#getCollapsedRatType}.
+        val templateUmtsMetered = buildTemplateMobileWithRatType(null,
+                TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS, METERED_YES)
+        // Build normal template that matches mobile identities with any RAT and IMSI.
+        val templateAllMetered = buildTemplateMobileWithRatType(null, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL,
+                METERED_YES)
+        // Build template with UNKNOWN RAT that matches mobile identities with RAT that
+        // cannot be determined.
+        val templateUnknownMetered =
+                buildTemplateMobileWithRatType(null, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN,
+                METERED_YES)
+
+        val templateUmtsNonMetered = buildTemplateMobileWithRatType(null,
+                TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS, METERED_NO)
+        val templateAllNonMetered = buildTemplateMobileWithRatType(null, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL,
+                METERED_NO)
+        val templateUnknownNonMetered =
+                buildTemplateMobileWithRatType(null, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN,
+                METERED_NO)
+
+        val identUmtsMetered = buildNetworkIdentity(
+                mockContext, stateMobileImsi1Metered, false, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS)
+        val identHsdpaMetered = buildNetworkIdentity(
+                mockContext, stateMobileImsi1Metered, false, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_HSDPA)
+        val identLteMetered = buildNetworkIdentity(
+                mockContext, stateMobileImsi1Metered, false, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE)
+        val identCombinedMetered = buildNetworkIdentity(
+                mockContext, stateMobileImsi1Metered, false, NetworkTemplate.NETWORK_TYPE_ALL)
+        val identImsi2UmtsMetered = buildNetworkIdentity(mockContext,
+                buildMobileNetworkState(TEST_IMSI2), false, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS)
+        val identWifi = buildNetworkIdentity(
+                mockContext, buildWifiNetworkState(null, TEST_WIFI_KEY1), true, 0)
+
+        val identUmtsNonMetered = buildNetworkIdentity(
+                mockContext, stateMobileImsi1NonMetered, false, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS)
+        val identHsdpaNonMetered = buildNetworkIdentity(
+                mockContext, stateMobileImsi1NonMetered, false,
+                TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_HSDPA)
+        val identLteNonMetered = buildNetworkIdentity(
+                mockContext, stateMobileImsi1NonMetered, false, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE)
+        val identCombinedNonMetered = buildNetworkIdentity(
+                mockContext, stateMobileImsi1NonMetered, false, NetworkTemplate.NETWORK_TYPE_ALL)
+        val identImsi2UmtsNonMetered = buildNetworkIdentity(mockContext,
+                stateMobileImsi2NonMetered, false, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS)
+
+        // Assert that identity with the same RAT and meteredness matches.
+        // Verify metered template.
+        templateUmtsMetered.assertMatches(identUmtsMetered)
+        templateAllMetered.assertMatches(identUmtsMetered)
+        templateUnknownMetered.assertDoesNotMatch(identUmtsMetered)
+        // Verify non-metered template.
+        templateUmtsNonMetered.assertMatches(identUmtsNonMetered)
+        templateAllNonMetered.assertMatches(identUmtsNonMetered)
+        templateUnknownNonMetered.assertDoesNotMatch(identUmtsNonMetered)
+
+        // Assert that identity with the same RAT but meteredness is different.
+        // Thus, it does not match.
+        templateUmtsNonMetered.assertDoesNotMatch(identUmtsMetered)
+        templateAllNonMetered.assertDoesNotMatch(identUmtsMetered)
+
+        // Assert that identity with the RAT within the same group matches.
+        // Verify metered template.
+        templateUmtsMetered.assertMatches(identHsdpaMetered)
+        templateAllMetered.assertMatches(identHsdpaMetered)
+        templateUnknownMetered.assertDoesNotMatch(identHsdpaMetered)
+        // Verify non-metered template.
+        templateUmtsNonMetered.assertMatches(identHsdpaNonMetered)
+        templateAllNonMetered.assertMatches(identHsdpaNonMetered)
+        templateUnknownNonMetered.assertDoesNotMatch(identHsdpaNonMetered)
+
+        // Assert that identity with the RAT out of the same group only matches template with
+        // NETWORK_TYPE_ALL.
+        // Verify metered template.
+        templateUmtsMetered.assertDoesNotMatch(identLteMetered)
+        templateAllMetered.assertMatches(identLteMetered)
+        templateUnknownMetered.assertDoesNotMatch(identLteMetered)
+        // Verify non-metered template.
+        templateUmtsNonMetered.assertDoesNotMatch(identLteNonMetered)
+        templateAllNonMetered.assertMatches(identLteNonMetered)
+        templateUnknownNonMetered.assertDoesNotMatch(identLteNonMetered)
+        // Verify non-metered template does not match identity with metered.
+        templateAllNonMetered.assertDoesNotMatch(identLteMetered)
+
+        // Assert that identity with combined RAT only matches with template with NETWORK_TYPE_ALL
+        // and NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN.
+        // Verify metered template.
+        templateUmtsMetered.assertDoesNotMatch(identCombinedMetered)
+        templateAllMetered.assertMatches(identCombinedMetered)
+        templateUnknownMetered.assertMatches(identCombinedMetered)
+        // Verify non-metered template.
+        templateUmtsNonMetered.assertDoesNotMatch(identCombinedNonMetered)
+        templateAllNonMetered.assertMatches(identCombinedNonMetered)
+        templateUnknownNonMetered.assertMatches(identCombinedNonMetered)
+        // Verify that identity with metered does not match non-metered template.
+        templateAllNonMetered.assertDoesNotMatch(identCombinedMetered)
+        templateUnknownNonMetered.assertDoesNotMatch(identCombinedMetered)
+
+        // Assert that identity with different IMSI matches.
+        // Verify metered template.
+        templateUmtsMetered.assertMatches(identImsi2UmtsMetered)
+        templateAllMetered.assertMatches(identImsi2UmtsMetered)
+        templateUnknownMetered.assertDoesNotMatch(identImsi2UmtsMetered)
+        // Verify non-metered template.
+        templateUmtsNonMetered.assertMatches(identImsi2UmtsNonMetered)
+        templateAllNonMetered.assertMatches(identImsi2UmtsNonMetered)
+        templateUnknownNonMetered.assertDoesNotMatch(identImsi2UmtsNonMetered)
+        // Verify that the same RAT but different meteredness should not match.
+        templateUmtsNonMetered.assertDoesNotMatch(identImsi2UmtsMetered)
+        templateAllNonMetered.assertDoesNotMatch(identImsi2UmtsMetered)
+
+        // Assert that wifi identity does not match.
+        templateUmtsMetered.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifi)
+        templateUnknownMetered.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifi)
+        templateUmtsNonMetered.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifi)
+        templateUnknownNonMetered.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifi)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testParcelUnparcel() {
+        val templateMobile = NetworkTemplate(MATCH_MOBILE, TEST_IMSI1, null,
+                arrayOf<String>(), METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL,
+                TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE, OEM_MANAGED_ALL,
+                SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT)
+        val templateWifi = NetworkTemplate(MATCH_WIFI, null, null,
+                arrayOf(TEST_WIFI_KEY1), METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 0,
+                OEM_MANAGED_ALL, SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT)
+        val templateOem = NetworkTemplate(MATCH_MOBILE, null, null,
+                arrayOf<String>(), METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 0,
+                OEM_MANAGED_YES, SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT)
+        assertParcelSane(templateMobile, 10)
+        assertParcelSane(templateWifi, 10)
+        assertParcelSane(templateOem, 10)
+    }
+
+    // Verify NETWORK_TYPE_* constants in NetworkTemplate do not conflict with
+    // TelephonyManager#NETWORK_TYPE_* constants.
+    @Test
+    fun testNetworkTypeConstants() {
+        for (ratType in TelephonyManager.getAllNetworkTypes()) {
+            assertNotEquals(NETWORK_TYPE_ALL, ratType)
+            assertNotEquals(NETWORK_TYPE_5G_NSA, ratType)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testOemNetworkConstants() {
+        val constantValues = arrayOf(OEM_MANAGED_YES, OEM_MANAGED_ALL, OEM_MANAGED_NO,
+                OEM_PAID, OEM_PRIVATE, OEM_PAID or OEM_PRIVATE)
+
+        // Verify that "not OEM managed network" constants are equal.
+        assertEquals(OEM_MANAGED_NO, OEM_NONE)
+
+        // Verify the constants don't conflict.
+        assertEquals(constantValues.size, constantValues.distinct().count())
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper to enumerate and assert OEM managed wifi and mobile {@code NetworkTemplate}s match
+     * their the appropriate OEM managed {@code NetworkIdentity}s.
+     *
+     * @param networkType {@code TYPE_MOBILE} or {@code TYPE_WIFI}
+     * @param matchType A match rule from {@code NetworkTemplate.MATCH_*} corresponding to the
+     *         networkType.
+     * @param subscriberId To be populated with {@code TEST_IMSI*} only if networkType is
+     *         {@code TYPE_MOBILE}. May be left as null when matchType is
+     *         {@link NetworkTemplate.MATCH_MOBILE_WILDCARD}.
+     * @param templateWifiKey Top be populated with {@code TEST_WIFI_KEY*} only if networkType is
+     *         {@code TYPE_WIFI}. May be left as null when matchType is
+     *         {@link NetworkTemplate.MATCH_WIFI_WILDCARD}.
+     * @param identWifiKey If networkType is {@code TYPE_WIFI}, this value must *NOT* be null. Provide
+     *         one of {@code TEST_WIFI_KEY*}.
+     */
+    private fun matchOemManagedIdent(
+        networkType: Int,
+        matchType: Int,
+        subscriberId: String? = null,
+        templateWifiKey: String? = null,
+        identWifiKey: String? = null
+    ) {
+        val oemManagedStates = arrayOf(OEM_NONE, OEM_PAID, OEM_PRIVATE, OEM_PAID or OEM_PRIVATE)
+        val matchSubscriberIds = arrayOf(subscriberId)
+        val matchWifiNetworkKeys = arrayOf(templateWifiKey)
+
+        val templateOemYes = NetworkTemplate(matchType, subscriberId, matchSubscriberIds,
+                matchWifiNetworkKeys, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL, OEM_MANAGED_YES,
+                SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT)
+        val templateOemAll = NetworkTemplate(matchType, subscriberId, matchSubscriberIds,
+                matchWifiNetworkKeys, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL, OEM_MANAGED_ALL,
+                SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT)
+
+        for (identityOemManagedState in oemManagedStates) {
+            val ident = buildNetworkIdentity(mockContext, buildNetworkState(networkType,
+                    subscriberId, identWifiKey, identityOemManagedState),
+                    /*defaultNetwork=*/false, /*subType=*/0)
+
+            // Create a template with each OEM managed type and match it against the NetworkIdentity
+            for (templateOemManagedState in oemManagedStates) {
+                val template = NetworkTemplate(matchType, subscriberId, matchSubscriberIds,
+                        matchWifiNetworkKeys, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL, templateOemManagedState,
+                        SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT)
+                if (identityOemManagedState == templateOemManagedState) {
+                    template.assertMatches(ident)
+                } else {
+                    template.assertDoesNotMatch(ident)
+                }
+            }
+            // OEM_MANAGED_ALL ignores OEM state.
+            templateOemAll.assertMatches(ident)
+            if (identityOemManagedState == OEM_NONE) {
+                // OEM_MANAGED_YES matches everything except OEM_NONE.
+                templateOemYes.assertDoesNotMatch(ident)
+            } else {
+                templateOemYes.assertMatches(ident)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testOemManagedMatchesIdent() {
+        matchOemManagedIdent(TYPE_MOBILE, MATCH_MOBILE, subscriberId = TEST_IMSI1)
+        matchOemManagedIdent(TYPE_MOBILE, MATCH_MOBILE_WILDCARD)
+        matchOemManagedIdent(TYPE_WIFI, MATCH_WIFI, templateWifiKey = TEST_WIFI_KEY1,
+                identWifiKey = TEST_WIFI_KEY1)
+        matchOemManagedIdent(TYPE_WIFI, MATCH_WIFI_WILDCARD,
+                identWifiKey = TEST_WIFI_KEY1)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testNormalize() {
+        var mergedImsiList = listOf(arrayOf(TEST_IMSI1, TEST_IMSI2))
+        val identMobileImsi1 = buildNetworkIdentity(mockContext,
+                buildMobileNetworkState(TEST_IMSI1), false /* defaultNetwork */,
+                TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS)
+        val identMobileImsi2 = buildNetworkIdentity(mockContext,
+                buildMobileNetworkState(TEST_IMSI2), false /* defaultNetwork */,
+                TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS)
+        val identMobileImsi3 = buildNetworkIdentity(mockContext,
+                buildMobileNetworkState(TEST_IMSI3), false /* defaultNetwork */,
+                TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS)
+        val identWifiImsi1Key1 = buildNetworkIdentity(
+                mockContext, buildWifiNetworkState(TEST_IMSI1, TEST_WIFI_KEY1), true, 0)
+        val identWifiImsi2Key1 = buildNetworkIdentity(
+                mockContext, buildWifiNetworkState(TEST_IMSI2, TEST_WIFI_KEY1), true, 0)
+        val identWifiImsi3WifiKey1 = buildNetworkIdentity(
+                mockContext, buildWifiNetworkState(TEST_IMSI3, TEST_WIFI_KEY1), true, 0)
+
+        normalize(buildTemplateMobileAll(TEST_IMSI1), mergedImsiList).also {
+            it.assertMatches(identMobileImsi1)
+            it.assertMatches(identMobileImsi2)
+            it.assertDoesNotMatch(identMobileImsi3)
+        }
+        normalize(buildTemplateCarrierMetered(TEST_IMSI1), mergedImsiList).also {
+            it.assertMatches(identMobileImsi1)
+            it.assertMatches(identMobileImsi2)
+            it.assertDoesNotMatch(identMobileImsi3)
+        }
+        normalize(buildTemplateWifi(TEST_WIFI_KEY1, TEST_IMSI1), mergedImsiList).also {
+            it.assertMatches(identWifiImsi1Key1)
+            it.assertMatches(identWifiImsi2Key1)
+            it.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifiImsi3WifiKey1)
+        }
+        normalize(buildTemplateMobileWildcard(), mergedImsiList).also {
+            it.assertMatches(identMobileImsi1)
+            it.assertMatches(identMobileImsi2)
+            it.assertMatches(identMobileImsi3)
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkUtilsTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkUtilsTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a28245d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkUtilsTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static junit.framework.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import android.os.Build;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.util.TreeSet;
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class NetworkUtilsTest {
+    @Test
+    public void testRoutedIPv4AddressCount() {
+        final TreeSet<IpPrefix> set = new TreeSet<>(IpPrefix.lengthComparator());
+        // No routes routes to no addresses.
+        assertEquals(0, NetworkUtils.routedIPv4AddressCount(set));
+
+        set.add(new IpPrefix("0.0.0.0/0"));
+        assertEquals(1l << 32, NetworkUtils.routedIPv4AddressCount(set));
+
+        set.add(new IpPrefix("20.18.0.0/16"));
+        set.add(new IpPrefix("20.18.0.0/24"));
+        set.add(new IpPrefix("20.18.0.0/8"));
+        // There is a default route, still covers everything
+        assertEquals(1l << 32, NetworkUtils.routedIPv4AddressCount(set));
+
+        set.clear();
+        set.add(new IpPrefix("20.18.0.0/24"));
+        set.add(new IpPrefix("20.18.0.0/8"));
+        // The 8-length includes the 24-length prefix
+        assertEquals(1l << 24, NetworkUtils.routedIPv4AddressCount(set));
+
+        set.add(new IpPrefix("10.10.10.126/25"));
+        // The 8-length does not include this 25-length prefix
+        assertEquals((1l << 24) + (1 << 7), NetworkUtils.routedIPv4AddressCount(set));
+
+        set.clear();
+        set.add(new IpPrefix("1.2.3.4/32"));
+        set.add(new IpPrefix("1.2.3.4/32"));
+        set.add(new IpPrefix("1.2.3.4/32"));
+        set.add(new IpPrefix("1.2.3.4/32"));
+        assertEquals(1l, NetworkUtils.routedIPv4AddressCount(set));
+
+        set.add(new IpPrefix("1.2.3.5/32"));
+        set.add(new IpPrefix("1.2.3.6/32"));
+
+        set.add(new IpPrefix("1.2.3.7/32"));
+        set.add(new IpPrefix("1.2.3.8/32"));
+        set.add(new IpPrefix("1.2.3.9/32"));
+        set.add(new IpPrefix("1.2.3.0/32"));
+        assertEquals(7l, NetworkUtils.routedIPv4AddressCount(set));
+
+        // 1.2.3.4/30 eats 1.2.3.{4-7}/32
+        set.add(new IpPrefix("1.2.3.4/30"));
+        set.add(new IpPrefix("6.2.3.4/28"));
+        set.add(new IpPrefix("120.2.3.4/16"));
+        assertEquals(7l - 4 + 4 + 16 + 65536, NetworkUtils.routedIPv4AddressCount(set));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRoutedIPv6AddressCount() {
+        final TreeSet<IpPrefix> set = new TreeSet<>(IpPrefix.lengthComparator());
+        // No routes routes to no addresses.
+        assertEquals(BigInteger.ZERO, NetworkUtils.routedIPv6AddressCount(set));
+
+        set.add(new IpPrefix("::/0"));
+        assertEquals(BigInteger.ONE.shiftLeft(128), NetworkUtils.routedIPv6AddressCount(set));
+
+        set.add(new IpPrefix("1234:622a::18/64"));
+        set.add(new IpPrefix("add4:f00:80:f7:1111::6adb/96"));
+        set.add(new IpPrefix("add4:f00:80:f7:1111::6adb/8"));
+        // There is a default route, still covers everything
+        assertEquals(BigInteger.ONE.shiftLeft(128), NetworkUtils.routedIPv6AddressCount(set));
+
+        set.clear();
+        set.add(new IpPrefix("add4:f00:80:f7:1111::6adb/96"));
+        set.add(new IpPrefix("add4:f00:80:f7:1111::6adb/8"));
+        // The 8-length includes the 96-length prefix
+        assertEquals(BigInteger.ONE.shiftLeft(120), NetworkUtils.routedIPv6AddressCount(set));
+
+        set.add(new IpPrefix("10::26/64"));
+        // The 8-length does not include this 64-length prefix
+        assertEquals(BigInteger.ONE.shiftLeft(120).add(BigInteger.ONE.shiftLeft(64)),
+                NetworkUtils.routedIPv6AddressCount(set));
+
+        set.clear();
+        set.add(new IpPrefix("add4:f00:80:f7:1111::6ad4/128"));
+        set.add(new IpPrefix("add4:f00:80:f7:1111::6ad4/128"));
+        set.add(new IpPrefix("add4:f00:80:f7:1111::6ad4/128"));
+        set.add(new IpPrefix("add4:f00:80:f7:1111::6ad4/128"));
+        assertEquals(BigInteger.ONE, NetworkUtils.routedIPv6AddressCount(set));
+
+        set.add(new IpPrefix("add4:f00:80:f7:1111::6ad5/128"));
+        set.add(new IpPrefix("add4:f00:80:f7:1111::6ad6/128"));
+        set.add(new IpPrefix("add4:f00:80:f7:1111::6ad7/128"));
+        set.add(new IpPrefix("add4:f00:80:f7:1111::6ad8/128"));
+        set.add(new IpPrefix("add4:f00:80:f7:1111::6ad9/128"));
+        set.add(new IpPrefix("add4:f00:80:f7:1111::6ad0/128"));
+        assertEquals(BigInteger.valueOf(7), NetworkUtils.routedIPv6AddressCount(set));
+
+        // add4:f00:80:f7:1111::6ad4/126 eats add4:f00:8[:f7:1111::6ad{4-7}/128
+        set.add(new IpPrefix("add4:f00:80:f7:1111::6ad4/126"));
+        set.add(new IpPrefix("d00d:f00:80:f7:1111::6ade/124"));
+        set.add(new IpPrefix("f00b:a33::/112"));
+        assertEquals(BigInteger.valueOf(7l - 4 + 4 + 16 + 65536),
+                NetworkUtils.routedIPv6AddressCount(set));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/QosSocketFilterTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/QosSocketFilterTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91f2cdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/QosSocketFilterTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static junit.framework.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static junit.framework.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import android.os.Build;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class QosSocketFilterTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPortExactMatch() {
+        final InetAddress addressA = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("1.2.3.4");
+        final InetAddress addressB = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("1.2.3.4");
+        assertTrue(QosSocketFilter.matchesAddress(
+                new InetSocketAddress(addressA, 10), addressB, 10, 10));
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPortLessThanStart() {
+        final InetAddress addressA = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("1.2.3.4");
+        final InetAddress addressB = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("1.2.3.4");
+        assertFalse(QosSocketFilter.matchesAddress(
+                new InetSocketAddress(addressA, 8), addressB, 10, 10));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPortGreaterThanEnd() {
+        final InetAddress addressA = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("1.2.3.4");
+        final InetAddress addressB = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("1.2.3.4");
+        assertFalse(QosSocketFilter.matchesAddress(
+                new InetSocketAddress(addressA, 18), addressB, 10, 10));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPortBetweenStartAndEnd() {
+        final InetAddress addressA = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("1.2.3.4");
+        final InetAddress addressB = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("1.2.3.4");
+        assertTrue(QosSocketFilter.matchesAddress(
+                new InetSocketAddress(addressA, 10), addressB, 8, 18));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAddressesDontMatch() {
+        final InetAddress addressA = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("1.2.3.4");
+        final InetAddress addressB = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("1.2.3.5");
+        assertFalse(QosSocketFilter.matchesAddress(
+                new InetSocketAddress(addressA, 10), addressB, 10, 10));
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/TelephonyNetworkSpecifierTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/TelephonyNetworkSpecifierTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ead964e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/TelephonyNetworkSpecifierTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils.assertParcelSane;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import android.net.wifi.WifiNetworkSpecifier;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * Unit test for {@link android.net.TelephonyNetworkSpecifier}.
+ */
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class TelephonyNetworkSpecifierTest {
+    private static final int TEST_SUBID = 5;
+    private static final String TEST_SSID = "Test123";
+
+    /**
+     * Validate that IllegalArgumentException will be thrown if build TelephonyNetworkSpecifier
+     * without calling {@link TelephonyNetworkSpecifier.Builder#setSubscriptionId(int)}.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testBuilderBuildWithDefault() {
+        try {
+            new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier.Builder().build();
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
+            // expected, test pass
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Validate that no exception will be thrown even if pass invalid subscription id to
+     * {@link TelephonyNetworkSpecifier.Builder#setSubscriptionId(int)}.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testBuilderBuildWithInvalidSubId() {
+        TelephonyNetworkSpecifier specifier = new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier.Builder()
+                .setSubscriptionId(SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID)
+                .build();
+        assertEquals(specifier.getSubscriptionId(), SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Validate the correctness of TelephonyNetworkSpecifier when provide valid subId.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testBuilderBuildWithValidSubId() {
+        final TelephonyNetworkSpecifier specifier = new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier.Builder()
+                .setSubscriptionId(TEST_SUBID)
+                .build();
+        assertEquals(TEST_SUBID, specifier.getSubscriptionId());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Validate that parcel marshalling/unmarshalling works.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testParcel() {
+        TelephonyNetworkSpecifier specifier = new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier.Builder()
+                .setSubscriptionId(TEST_SUBID)
+                .build();
+        assertParcelSane(specifier, 1 /* fieldCount */);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Validate the behavior of method canBeSatisfiedBy().
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testCanBeSatisfiedBy() {
+        final TelephonyNetworkSpecifier tns1 = new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier.Builder()
+                .setSubscriptionId(TEST_SUBID)
+                .build();
+        final TelephonyNetworkSpecifier tns2 = new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier.Builder()
+                .setSubscriptionId(TEST_SUBID)
+                .build();
+        final WifiNetworkSpecifier wns = new WifiNetworkSpecifier.Builder()
+                .setSsid(TEST_SSID)
+                .build();
+        final MatchAllNetworkSpecifier mans = new MatchAllNetworkSpecifier();
+
+        // Test equality
+        assertEquals(tns1, tns2);
+        assertTrue(tns1.canBeSatisfiedBy(tns1));
+        assertTrue(tns1.canBeSatisfiedBy(tns2));
+
+        // Test other edge cases.
+        assertFalse(tns1.canBeSatisfiedBy(null));
+        assertFalse(tns1.canBeSatisfiedBy(wns));
+        assertTrue(tns1.canBeSatisfiedBy(mans));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/VpnManagerTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/VpnManagerTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..532081a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/VpnManagerTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.content.ComponentName;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.test.mock.MockContext;
+import android.util.SparseArray;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.internal.net.VpnProfile;
+import com.android.internal.util.MessageUtils;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+/** Unit tests for {@link VpnManager}. */
+@SmallTest
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class VpnManagerTest {
+    private static final String PKG_NAME = "fooPackage";
+
+    private static final String SESSION_NAME_STRING = "testSession";
+    private static final String SERVER_ADDR_STRING = "1.2.3.4";
+    private static final String IDENTITY_STRING = "Identity";
+    private static final byte[] PSK_BYTES = "preSharedKey".getBytes();
+
+    private IVpnManager mMockService;
+    private VpnManager mVpnManager;
+    private final MockContext mMockContext =
+            new MockContext() {
+                @Override
+                public String getOpPackageName() {
+                    return PKG_NAME;
+                }
+            };
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        mMockService = mock(IVpnManager.class);
+        mVpnManager = new VpnManager(mMockContext, mMockService);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testProvisionVpnProfilePreconsented() throws Exception {
+        final PlatformVpnProfile profile = getPlatformVpnProfile();
+        when(mMockService.provisionVpnProfile(any(VpnProfile.class), eq(PKG_NAME)))
+                .thenReturn(true);
+
+        // Expect there to be no intent returned, as consent has already been granted.
+        assertNull(mVpnManager.provisionVpnProfile(profile));
+        verify(mMockService).provisionVpnProfile(eq(profile.toVpnProfile()), eq(PKG_NAME));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testProvisionVpnProfileNeedsConsent() throws Exception {
+        final PlatformVpnProfile profile = getPlatformVpnProfile();
+        when(mMockService.provisionVpnProfile(any(VpnProfile.class), eq(PKG_NAME)))
+                .thenReturn(false);
+
+        // Expect intent to be returned, as consent has not already been granted.
+        final Intent intent = mVpnManager.provisionVpnProfile(profile);
+        assertNotNull(intent);
+
+        final ComponentName expectedComponentName =
+                ComponentName.unflattenFromString(
+                        "com.android.vpndialogs/com.android.vpndialogs.PlatformVpnConfirmDialog");
+        assertEquals(expectedComponentName, intent.getComponent());
+        verify(mMockService).provisionVpnProfile(eq(profile.toVpnProfile()), eq(PKG_NAME));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDeleteProvisionedVpnProfile() throws Exception {
+        mVpnManager.deleteProvisionedVpnProfile();
+        verify(mMockService).deleteVpnProfile(eq(PKG_NAME));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartProvisionedVpnProfile() throws Exception {
+        mVpnManager.startProvisionedVpnProfile();
+        verify(mMockService).startVpnProfile(eq(PKG_NAME));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStopProvisionedVpnProfile() throws Exception {
+        mVpnManager.stopProvisionedVpnProfile();
+        verify(mMockService).stopVpnProfile(eq(PKG_NAME));
+    }
+
+    private Ikev2VpnProfile getPlatformVpnProfile() throws Exception {
+        return new Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder(SERVER_ADDR_STRING, IDENTITY_STRING)
+                .setBypassable(true)
+                .setMaxMtu(1300)
+                .setMetered(true)
+                .setAuthPsk(PSK_BYTES)
+                .build();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testVpnTypesEqual() throws Exception {
+        SparseArray<String> vmVpnTypes = MessageUtils.findMessageNames(
+                new Class[] { VpnManager.class }, new String[]{ "TYPE_VPN_" });
+        SparseArray<String> nativeVpnType = MessageUtils.findMessageNames(
+                new Class[] { NativeVpnType.class }, new String[]{ "" });
+
+        // TYPE_VPN_NONE = -1 is only defined in VpnManager.
+        assertEquals(vmVpnTypes.size() - 1, nativeVpnType.size());
+        for (int i = VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE; i < vmVpnTypes.size(); i++) {
+            assertEquals(vmVpnTypes.get(i), "TYPE_VPN_" + nativeVpnType.get(i));
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/VpnTransportInfoTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/VpnTransportInfoTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4c7ac4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/VpnTransportInfoTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.REDACT_FOR_NETWORK_SETTINGS;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.REDACT_NONE;
+
+import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils.assertParcelSane;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+
+import android.os.Build;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class VpnTransportInfoTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParceling() {
+        VpnTransportInfo v = new VpnTransportInfo(VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_PLATFORM, "12345");
+        assertParcelSane(v, 2 /* fieldCount */);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEqualsAndHashCode() {
+        String session1 = "12345";
+        String session2 = "6789";
+        VpnTransportInfo v11 = new VpnTransportInfo(VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_PLATFORM, session1);
+        VpnTransportInfo v12 = new VpnTransportInfo(VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE, session1);
+        VpnTransportInfo v13 = new VpnTransportInfo(VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_PLATFORM, session1);
+        VpnTransportInfo v14 = new VpnTransportInfo(VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_LEGACY, session1);
+        VpnTransportInfo v15 = new VpnTransportInfo(VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_OEM, session1);
+        VpnTransportInfo v21 = new VpnTransportInfo(VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_LEGACY, session2);
+
+        VpnTransportInfo v31 = v11.makeCopy(REDACT_FOR_NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+        VpnTransportInfo v32 = v13.makeCopy(REDACT_FOR_NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+
+        assertNotEquals(v11, v12);
+        assertNotEquals(v13, v14);
+        assertNotEquals(v14, v15);
+        assertNotEquals(v14, v21);
+
+        assertEquals(v11, v13);
+        assertEquals(v31, v32);
+        assertEquals(v11.hashCode(), v13.hashCode());
+        assertEquals(REDACT_FOR_NETWORK_SETTINGS, v32.getApplicableRedactions());
+        assertEquals(session1, v15.makeCopy(REDACT_NONE).getSessionId());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/ipmemorystore/ParcelableTests.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/ipmemorystore/ParcelableTests.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5d0b783
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/ipmemorystore/ParcelableTests.java
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.ipmemorystore;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import android.net.networkstack.aidl.quirks.IPv6ProvisioningLossQuirk;
+import android.net.networkstack.aidl.quirks.IPv6ProvisioningLossQuirkParcelable;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class ParcelableTests {
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkAttributesParceling() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkAttributes.Builder builder = new NetworkAttributes.Builder();
+        NetworkAttributes in = builder.build();
+        assertEquals(in, new NetworkAttributes(parcelingRoundTrip(in.toParcelable())));
+
+        builder.setAssignedV4Address((Inet4Address) Inet4Address.getByName("1.2.3.4"));
+        // lease will expire in two hours
+        builder.setAssignedV4AddressExpiry(System.currentTimeMillis() + 7_200_000);
+        // cluster stays null this time around
+        builder.setDnsAddresses(Collections.emptyList());
+        builder.setMtu(18);
+        in = builder.build();
+        assertEquals(in, new NetworkAttributes(parcelingRoundTrip(in.toParcelable())));
+
+        builder.setAssignedV4Address((Inet4Address) Inet4Address.getByName("6.7.8.9"));
+        builder.setAssignedV4AddressExpiry(System.currentTimeMillis() + 3_600_000);
+        builder.setCluster("groupHint");
+        builder.setDnsAddresses(Arrays.asList(
+                InetAddress.getByName("ACA1:652B:0911:DE8F:1200:115E:913B:AA2A"),
+                InetAddress.getByName("6.7.8.9")));
+        builder.setMtu(1_000_000);
+        in = builder.build();
+        assertEquals(in, new NetworkAttributes(parcelingRoundTrip(in.toParcelable())));
+
+        builder.setMtu(null);
+        in = builder.build();
+        assertEquals(in, new NetworkAttributes(parcelingRoundTrip(in.toParcelable())));
+
+        // Verify that this test does not miss any new field added later.
+        // If any field is added to NetworkAttributes it must be tested here for parceling
+        // roundtrip.
+        assertEquals(6, Arrays.stream(NetworkAttributes.class.getDeclaredFields())
+                .filter(f -> !Modifier.isStatic(f.getModifiers())).count());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrivateDataParceling() throws Exception {
+        final Blob in = new Blob();
+        in.data = new byte[] {89, 111, 108, 111};
+        final Blob out = parcelingRoundTrip(in);
+        // Object.equals on byte[] tests the references
+        assertEquals(in.data.length, out.data.length);
+        assertTrue(Arrays.equals(in.data, out.data));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSameL3NetworkResponseParceling() throws Exception {
+        final SameL3NetworkResponseParcelable parcelable = new SameL3NetworkResponseParcelable();
+        parcelable.l2Key1 = "key 1";
+        parcelable.l2Key2 = "key 2";
+        parcelable.confidence = 0.43f;
+
+        final SameL3NetworkResponse in = new SameL3NetworkResponse(parcelable);
+        assertEquals("key 1", in.l2Key1);
+        assertEquals("key 2", in.l2Key2);
+        assertEquals(0.43f, in.confidence, 0.01f /* delta */);
+
+        final SameL3NetworkResponse out =
+                new SameL3NetworkResponse(parcelingRoundTrip(in.toParcelable()));
+
+        assertEquals(in, out);
+        assertEquals(in.l2Key1, out.l2Key1);
+        assertEquals(in.l2Key2, out.l2Key2);
+        assertEquals(in.confidence, out.confidence, 0.01f /* delta */);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIPv6ProvisioningLossQuirkParceling() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkAttributes.Builder builder = new NetworkAttributes.Builder();
+        final IPv6ProvisioningLossQuirkParcelable parcelable =
+                new IPv6ProvisioningLossQuirkParcelable();
+        final long expiry = System.currentTimeMillis() + 7_200_000;
+
+        parcelable.detectionCount = 3;
+        parcelable.quirkExpiry = expiry; // quirk info will expire in two hours
+        builder.setIpv6ProvLossQuirk(IPv6ProvisioningLossQuirk.fromStableParcelable(parcelable));
+        final NetworkAttributes in = builder.build();
+
+        final NetworkAttributes out = new NetworkAttributes(parcelingRoundTrip(in.toParcelable()));
+        assertEquals(out.ipv6ProvisioningLossQuirk, in.ipv6ProvisioningLossQuirk);
+    }
+
+    private <T extends Parcelable> T parcelingRoundTrip(final T in) throws Exception {
+        final Parcel p = Parcel.obtain();
+        in.writeToParcel(p, /* flags */ 0);
+        p.setDataPosition(0);
+        final byte[] marshalledData = p.marshall();
+        p.recycle();
+
+        final Parcel q = Parcel.obtain();
+        q.unmarshall(marshalledData, 0, marshalledData.length);
+        q.setDataPosition(0);
+
+        final Parcelable.Creator<T> creator = (Parcelable.Creator<T>)
+                in.getClass().getField("CREATOR").get(null); // static object, so null receiver
+        final T unmarshalled = (T) creator.createFromParcel(q);
+        q.recycle();
+        return unmarshalled;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/netstats/NetworkStatsDataMigrationUtilsTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/android/net/netstats/NetworkStatsDataMigrationUtilsTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..743d39e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/netstats/NetworkStatsDataMigrationUtilsTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.netstats
+
+import android.net.NetworkStatsCollection
+import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import com.android.frameworks.tests.net.R
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.SC_V2
+import org.junit.Before
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations
+import java.io.DataInputStream
+import java.net.ProtocolException
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith
+import kotlin.test.fail
+
+private const val BUCKET_DURATION_MS = 2 * 60 * 60 * 1000L
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2) // TODO: Use to Build.VERSION_CODES.SC_V2 when available
+class NetworkStatsDataMigrationUtilsTest {
+    @Before
+    fun setup() {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testReadPlatformCollection() {
+        // Verify the method throws for wrong file format.
+        assertFailsWith<ProtocolException> {
+            NetworkStatsDataMigrationUtils.readPlatformCollection(
+                    NetworkStatsCollection.Builder(BUCKET_DURATION_MS),
+                    getInputStreamForResource(R.raw.netstats_uid_v4))
+        }
+
+        val builder = NetworkStatsCollection.Builder(BUCKET_DURATION_MS)
+        NetworkStatsDataMigrationUtils.readPlatformCollection(builder,
+                getInputStreamForResource(R.raw.netstats_uid_v16))
+        // The values are obtained by dumping from NetworkStatsCollection that
+        // read by the logic inside the service.
+        assertValues(builder.build(), 55, 1814302L, 21050L, 31001636L, 26152L)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMaybeReadLegacyUid() {
+        val builder = NetworkStatsCollection.Builder(BUCKET_DURATION_MS)
+        NetworkStatsDataMigrationUtils.readLegacyUid(builder,
+                getInputStreamForResource(R.raw.netstats_uid_v4), false /* taggedData */)
+        assertValues(builder.build(), 223, 106245210L, 710722L, 1130647496L, 1103989L)
+    }
+
+    private fun assertValues(
+        collection: NetworkStatsCollection,
+        expectedSize: Int,
+        expectedTxBytes: Long,
+        expectedTxPackets: Long,
+        expectedRxBytes: Long,
+        expectedRxPackets: Long
+    ) {
+        var txBytes = 0L
+        var txPackets = 0L
+        var rxBytes = 0L
+        var rxPackets = 0L
+        val entries = collection.entries
+
+        for (history in entries.values) {
+            for (historyEntry in history.entries) {
+                txBytes += historyEntry.txBytes
+                txPackets += historyEntry.txPackets
+                rxBytes += historyEntry.rxBytes
+                rxPackets += historyEntry.rxPackets
+            }
+        }
+        if (expectedSize != entries.size ||
+                expectedTxBytes != txBytes ||
+                expectedTxPackets != txPackets ||
+                expectedRxBytes != rxBytes ||
+                expectedRxPackets != rxPackets) {
+            fail("expected size=$expectedSize" +
+                    "txb=$expectedTxBytes txp=$expectedTxPackets " +
+                    "rxb=$expectedRxBytes rxp=$expectedRxPackets bus was " +
+                    "size=${entries.size} txb=$txBytes txp=$txPackets " +
+                    "rxb=$rxBytes rxp=$rxPackets")
+        }
+        assertEquals(txBytes + rxBytes, collection.totalBytes)
+    }
+
+    private fun getInputStreamForResource(resourceId: Int): DataInputStream {
+        return DataInputStream(InstrumentationRegistry.getContext()
+                .getResources().openRawResource(resourceId))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/nsd/NsdManagerTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/nsd/NsdManagerTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..30b8fcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/nsd/NsdManagerTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,405 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.nsd;
+
+import static libcore.junit.util.compat.CoreCompatChangeRule.DisableCompatChanges;
+import static libcore.junit.util.compat.CoreCompatChangeRule.EnableCompatChanges;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.timeout;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+
+import android.compat.testing.PlatformCompatChangeRule;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.os.Build;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+import com.android.testutils.ExceptionUtils;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.rules.TestRule;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class NsdManagerTest {
+
+    static final int PROTOCOL = NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD;
+
+    @Rule
+    public TestRule compatChangeRule = new PlatformCompatChangeRule();
+
+    @Mock Context mContext;
+    @Mock INsdManager mService;
+    @Mock INsdServiceConnector mServiceConn;
+
+    NsdManager mManager;
+    INsdManagerCallback mCallback;
+
+    long mTimeoutMs = 200; // non-final so that tests can adjust the value.
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+
+        doReturn(mServiceConn).when(mService).connect(any());
+        mManager = new NsdManager(mContext, mService);
+        final ArgumentCaptor<INsdManagerCallback> cbCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(
+                INsdManagerCallback.class);
+        verify(mService).connect(cbCaptor.capture());
+        mCallback = cbCaptor.getValue();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @EnableCompatChanges(NsdManager.RUN_NATIVE_NSD_ONLY_IF_LEGACY_APPS)
+    public void testResolveServiceS() throws Exception {
+        verify(mServiceConn, never()).startDaemon();
+        doTestResolveService();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisableCompatChanges(NsdManager.RUN_NATIVE_NSD_ONLY_IF_LEGACY_APPS)
+    public void testResolveServicePreS() throws Exception {
+        verify(mServiceConn).startDaemon();
+        doTestResolveService();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @EnableCompatChanges(NsdManager.RUN_NATIVE_NSD_ONLY_IF_LEGACY_APPS)
+    public void testDiscoverServiceS() throws Exception {
+        verify(mServiceConn, never()).startDaemon();
+        doTestDiscoverService();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisableCompatChanges(NsdManager.RUN_NATIVE_NSD_ONLY_IF_LEGACY_APPS)
+    public void testDiscoverServicePreS() throws Exception {
+        verify(mServiceConn).startDaemon();
+        doTestDiscoverService();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @EnableCompatChanges(NsdManager.RUN_NATIVE_NSD_ONLY_IF_LEGACY_APPS)
+    public void testParallelResolveServiceS() throws Exception {
+        verify(mServiceConn, never()).startDaemon();
+        doTestParallelResolveService();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisableCompatChanges(NsdManager.RUN_NATIVE_NSD_ONLY_IF_LEGACY_APPS)
+    public void testParallelResolveServicePreS() throws Exception {
+        verify(mServiceConn).startDaemon();
+        doTestParallelResolveService();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @EnableCompatChanges(NsdManager.RUN_NATIVE_NSD_ONLY_IF_LEGACY_APPS)
+    public void testInvalidCallsS() throws Exception {
+        verify(mServiceConn, never()).startDaemon();
+        doTestInvalidCalls();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisableCompatChanges(NsdManager.RUN_NATIVE_NSD_ONLY_IF_LEGACY_APPS)
+    public void testInvalidCallsPreS() throws Exception {
+        verify(mServiceConn).startDaemon();
+        doTestInvalidCalls();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @EnableCompatChanges(NsdManager.RUN_NATIVE_NSD_ONLY_IF_LEGACY_APPS)
+    public void testRegisterServiceS() throws Exception {
+        verify(mServiceConn, never()).startDaemon();
+        doTestRegisterService();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisableCompatChanges(NsdManager.RUN_NATIVE_NSD_ONLY_IF_LEGACY_APPS)
+    public void testRegisterServicePreS() throws Exception {
+        verify(mServiceConn).startDaemon();
+        doTestRegisterService();
+    }
+
+    private void doTestResolveService() throws Exception {
+        NsdManager manager = mManager;
+
+        NsdServiceInfo request = new NsdServiceInfo("a_name", "a_type");
+        NsdServiceInfo reply = new NsdServiceInfo("resolved_name", "resolved_type");
+        NsdManager.ResolveListener listener = mock(NsdManager.ResolveListener.class);
+
+        manager.resolveService(request, listener);
+        int key1 = getRequestKey(req -> verify(mServiceConn).resolveService(req.capture(), any()));
+        int err = 33;
+        mCallback.onResolveServiceFailed(key1, err);
+        verify(listener, timeout(mTimeoutMs).times(1)).onResolveFailed(request, err);
+
+        manager.resolveService(request, listener);
+        int key2 = getRequestKey(req ->
+                verify(mServiceConn, times(2)).resolveService(req.capture(), any()));
+        mCallback.onResolveServiceSucceeded(key2, reply);
+        verify(listener, timeout(mTimeoutMs).times(1)).onServiceResolved(reply);
+    }
+
+    private void doTestParallelResolveService() throws Exception {
+        NsdManager manager = mManager;
+
+        NsdServiceInfo request = new NsdServiceInfo("a_name", "a_type");
+        NsdServiceInfo reply = new NsdServiceInfo("resolved_name", "resolved_type");
+
+        NsdManager.ResolveListener listener1 = mock(NsdManager.ResolveListener.class);
+        NsdManager.ResolveListener listener2 = mock(NsdManager.ResolveListener.class);
+
+        manager.resolveService(request, listener1);
+        int key1 = getRequestKey(req -> verify(mServiceConn).resolveService(req.capture(), any()));
+
+        manager.resolveService(request, listener2);
+        int key2 = getRequestKey(req ->
+                verify(mServiceConn, times(2)).resolveService(req.capture(), any()));
+
+        mCallback.onResolveServiceSucceeded(key2, reply);
+        mCallback.onResolveServiceSucceeded(key1, reply);
+
+        verify(listener1, timeout(mTimeoutMs).times(1)).onServiceResolved(reply);
+        verify(listener2, timeout(mTimeoutMs).times(1)).onServiceResolved(reply);
+    }
+
+    private void doTestRegisterService() throws Exception {
+        NsdManager manager = mManager;
+
+        NsdServiceInfo request1 = new NsdServiceInfo("a_name", "a_type");
+        NsdServiceInfo request2 = new NsdServiceInfo("another_name", "another_type");
+        request1.setPort(2201);
+        request2.setPort(2202);
+        NsdManager.RegistrationListener listener1 = mock(NsdManager.RegistrationListener.class);
+        NsdManager.RegistrationListener listener2 = mock(NsdManager.RegistrationListener.class);
+
+        // Register two services
+        manager.registerService(request1, PROTOCOL, listener1);
+        int key1 = getRequestKey(req -> verify(mServiceConn).registerService(req.capture(), any()));
+
+        manager.registerService(request2, PROTOCOL, listener2);
+        int key2 = getRequestKey(req ->
+                verify(mServiceConn, times(2)).registerService(req.capture(), any()));
+
+        // First reques fails, second request succeeds
+        mCallback.onRegisterServiceSucceeded(key2, request2);
+        verify(listener2, timeout(mTimeoutMs).times(1)).onServiceRegistered(request2);
+
+        int err = 1;
+        mCallback.onRegisterServiceFailed(key1, err);
+        verify(listener1, timeout(mTimeoutMs).times(1)).onRegistrationFailed(request1, err);
+
+        // Client retries first request, it succeeds
+        manager.registerService(request1, PROTOCOL, listener1);
+        int key3 = getRequestKey(req ->
+                verify(mServiceConn, times(3)).registerService(req.capture(), any()));
+
+        mCallback.onRegisterServiceSucceeded(key3, request1);
+        verify(listener1, timeout(mTimeoutMs).times(1)).onServiceRegistered(request1);
+
+        // First request is unregistered, it succeeds
+        manager.unregisterService(listener1);
+        int key3again = getRequestKey(req -> verify(mServiceConn).unregisterService(req.capture()));
+        assertEquals(key3, key3again);
+
+        mCallback.onUnregisterServiceSucceeded(key3again);
+        verify(listener1, timeout(mTimeoutMs).times(1)).onServiceUnregistered(request1);
+
+        // Second request is unregistered, it fails
+        manager.unregisterService(listener2);
+        int key2again = getRequestKey(req ->
+                verify(mServiceConn, times(2)).unregisterService(req.capture()));
+        assertEquals(key2, key2again);
+
+        mCallback.onUnregisterServiceFailed(key2again, err);
+        verify(listener2, timeout(mTimeoutMs).times(1)).onUnregistrationFailed(request2, err);
+
+        // TODO: do not unregister listener until service is unregistered
+        // Client retries unregistration of second request, it succeeds
+        //manager.unregisterService(listener2);
+        //int key2yetAgain = verifyRequest(NsdManager.UNREGISTER_SERVICE);
+        //assertEquals(key2, key2yetAgain);
+
+        //sendResponse(NsdManager.UNREGISTER_SERVICE_SUCCEEDED, 0, key2yetAgain, null);
+        //verify(listener2, timeout(mTimeoutMs).times(1)).onServiceUnregistered(request2);
+    }
+
+    private void doTestDiscoverService() throws Exception {
+        NsdManager manager = mManager;
+
+        NsdServiceInfo reply1 = new NsdServiceInfo("a_name", "a_type");
+        NsdServiceInfo reply2 = new NsdServiceInfo("another_name", "a_type");
+        NsdServiceInfo reply3 = new NsdServiceInfo("a_third_name", "a_type");
+
+        NsdManager.DiscoveryListener listener = mock(NsdManager.DiscoveryListener.class);
+
+        // Client registers for discovery, request fails
+        manager.discoverServices("a_type", PROTOCOL, listener);
+        int key1 = getRequestKey(req ->
+                verify(mServiceConn).discoverServices(req.capture(), any()));
+
+        int err = 1;
+        mCallback.onDiscoverServicesFailed(key1, err);
+        verify(listener, timeout(mTimeoutMs).times(1)).onStartDiscoveryFailed("a_type", err);
+
+        // Client retries, request succeeds
+        manager.discoverServices("a_type", PROTOCOL, listener);
+        int key2 = getRequestKey(req ->
+                verify(mServiceConn, times(2)).discoverServices(req.capture(), any()));
+
+        mCallback.onDiscoverServicesStarted(key2, reply1);
+        verify(listener, timeout(mTimeoutMs).times(1)).onDiscoveryStarted("a_type");
+
+
+        // mdns notifies about services
+        mCallback.onServiceFound(key2, reply1);
+        verify(listener, timeout(mTimeoutMs).times(1)).onServiceFound(reply1);
+
+        mCallback.onServiceFound(key2, reply2);
+        verify(listener, timeout(mTimeoutMs).times(1)).onServiceFound(reply2);
+
+        mCallback.onServiceLost(key2, reply2);
+        verify(listener, timeout(mTimeoutMs).times(1)).onServiceLost(reply2);
+
+
+        // Client unregisters its listener
+        manager.stopServiceDiscovery(listener);
+        int key2again = getRequestKey(req -> verify(mServiceConn).stopDiscovery(req.capture()));
+        assertEquals(key2, key2again);
+
+        // TODO: unregister listener immediately and stop notifying it about services
+        // Notifications are still passed to the client's listener
+        mCallback.onServiceLost(key2, reply1);
+        verify(listener, timeout(mTimeoutMs).times(1)).onServiceLost(reply1);
+
+        // Client is notified of complete unregistration
+        mCallback.onStopDiscoverySucceeded(key2again);
+        verify(listener, timeout(mTimeoutMs).times(1)).onDiscoveryStopped("a_type");
+
+        // Notifications are not passed to the client anymore
+        mCallback.onServiceFound(key2, reply3);
+        verify(listener, timeout(mTimeoutMs).times(0)).onServiceLost(reply3);
+
+
+        // Client registers for service discovery
+        reset(listener);
+        manager.discoverServices("a_type", PROTOCOL, listener);
+        int key3 = getRequestKey(req ->
+                verify(mServiceConn, times(3)).discoverServices(req.capture(), any()));
+
+        mCallback.onDiscoverServicesStarted(key3, reply1);
+        verify(listener, timeout(mTimeoutMs).times(1)).onDiscoveryStarted("a_type");
+
+        // Client unregisters immediately, it fails
+        manager.stopServiceDiscovery(listener);
+        int key3again = getRequestKey(req ->
+                verify(mServiceConn, times(2)).stopDiscovery(req.capture()));
+        assertEquals(key3, key3again);
+
+        err = 2;
+        mCallback.onStopDiscoveryFailed(key3again, err);
+        verify(listener, timeout(mTimeoutMs).times(1)).onStopDiscoveryFailed("a_type", err);
+
+        // New notifications are not passed to the client anymore
+        mCallback.onServiceFound(key3, reply1);
+        verify(listener, timeout(mTimeoutMs).times(0)).onServiceFound(reply1);
+    }
+
+    public void doTestInvalidCalls() {
+        NsdManager manager = mManager;
+
+        NsdManager.RegistrationListener listener1 = mock(NsdManager.RegistrationListener.class);
+        NsdManager.DiscoveryListener listener2 = mock(NsdManager.DiscoveryListener.class);
+        NsdManager.ResolveListener listener3 = mock(NsdManager.ResolveListener.class);
+
+        NsdServiceInfo invalidService = new NsdServiceInfo(null, null);
+        NsdServiceInfo validService = new NsdServiceInfo("a_name", "a_type");
+        validService.setPort(2222);
+
+        // Service registration
+        //  - invalid arguments
+        mustFail(() -> { manager.unregisterService(null); });
+        mustFail(() -> { manager.registerService(null, -1, null); });
+        mustFail(() -> { manager.registerService(null, PROTOCOL, listener1); });
+        mustFail(() -> { manager.registerService(invalidService, PROTOCOL, listener1); });
+        mustFail(() -> { manager.registerService(validService, -1, listener1); });
+        mustFail(() -> { manager.registerService(validService, PROTOCOL, null); });
+        manager.registerService(validService, PROTOCOL, listener1);
+        //  - listener already registered
+        mustFail(() -> { manager.registerService(validService, PROTOCOL, listener1); });
+        manager.unregisterService(listener1);
+        // TODO: make listener immediately reusable
+        //mustFail(() -> { manager.unregisterService(listener1); });
+        //manager.registerService(validService, PROTOCOL, listener1);
+
+        // Discover service
+        //  - invalid arguments
+        mustFail(() -> { manager.stopServiceDiscovery(null); });
+        mustFail(() -> { manager.discoverServices(null, -1, null); });
+        mustFail(() -> { manager.discoverServices(null, PROTOCOL, listener2); });
+        mustFail(() -> { manager.discoverServices("a_service", -1, listener2); });
+        mustFail(() -> { manager.discoverServices("a_service", PROTOCOL, null); });
+        manager.discoverServices("a_service", PROTOCOL, listener2);
+        //  - listener already registered
+        mustFail(() -> { manager.discoverServices("another_service", PROTOCOL, listener2); });
+        manager.stopServiceDiscovery(listener2);
+        // TODO: make listener immediately reusable
+        //mustFail(() -> { manager.stopServiceDiscovery(listener2); });
+        //manager.discoverServices("another_service", PROTOCOL, listener2);
+
+        // Resolver service
+        //  - invalid arguments
+        mustFail(() -> { manager.resolveService(null, null); });
+        mustFail(() -> { manager.resolveService(null, listener3); });
+        mustFail(() -> { manager.resolveService(invalidService, listener3); });
+        mustFail(() -> { manager.resolveService(validService, null); });
+        manager.resolveService(validService, listener3);
+        //  - listener already registered:w
+        mustFail(() -> { manager.resolveService(validService, listener3); });
+    }
+
+    public void mustFail(Runnable fn) {
+        try {
+            fn.run();
+            fail();
+        } catch (Exception expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    int getRequestKey(ExceptionUtils.ThrowingConsumer<ArgumentCaptor<Integer>> verifier)
+            throws Exception {
+        final ArgumentCaptor<Integer> captor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Integer.class);
+        verifier.accept(captor);
+        return captor.getValue();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfoTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfoTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e5e7ebc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfoTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.nsd;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.StrictMode;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class NsdServiceInfoTest {
+
+    public final static InetAddress LOCALHOST;
+    static {
+        // Because test.
+        StrictMode.ThreadPolicy policy = new StrictMode.ThreadPolicy.Builder().permitAll().build();
+        StrictMode.setThreadPolicy(policy);
+
+        InetAddress _host = null;
+        try {
+            _host = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
+        } catch (UnknownHostException e) { }
+        LOCALHOST = _host;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLimits() throws Exception {
+        NsdServiceInfo info = new NsdServiceInfo();
+
+        // Non-ASCII keys.
+        boolean exceptionThrown = false;
+        try {
+            info.setAttribute("猫", "meow");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            exceptionThrown = true;
+        }
+        assertTrue(exceptionThrown);
+        assertEmptyServiceInfo(info);
+
+        // ASCII keys with '=' character.
+        exceptionThrown = false;
+        try {
+            info.setAttribute("kitten=", "meow");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            exceptionThrown = true;
+        }
+        assertTrue(exceptionThrown);
+        assertEmptyServiceInfo(info);
+
+        // Single key + value length too long.
+        exceptionThrown = false;
+        try {
+            String longValue = "loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo" +
+                    "oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo" +
+                    "oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo" +
+                    "ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong";  // 248 characters.
+            info.setAttribute("longcat", longValue);  // Key + value == 255 characters.
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            exceptionThrown = true;
+        }
+        assertTrue(exceptionThrown);
+        assertEmptyServiceInfo(info);
+
+        // Total TXT record length too long.
+        exceptionThrown = false;
+        int recordsAdded = 0;
+        try {
+            for (int i = 100; i < 300; ++i) {
+                // 6 char key + 5 char value + 2 bytes overhead = 13 byte record length.
+                String key = String.format("key%d", i);
+                info.setAttribute(key, "12345");
+                recordsAdded++;
+            }
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            exceptionThrown = true;
+        }
+        assertTrue(exceptionThrown);
+        assertTrue(100 == recordsAdded);
+        assertTrue(info.getTxtRecord().length == 1300);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParcel() throws Exception {
+        NsdServiceInfo emptyInfo = new NsdServiceInfo();
+        checkParcelable(emptyInfo);
+
+        NsdServiceInfo fullInfo = new NsdServiceInfo();
+        fullInfo.setServiceName("kitten");
+        fullInfo.setServiceType("_kitten._tcp");
+        fullInfo.setPort(4242);
+        fullInfo.setHost(LOCALHOST);
+        fullInfo.setNetwork(new Network(123));
+        checkParcelable(fullInfo);
+
+        NsdServiceInfo noHostInfo = new NsdServiceInfo();
+        noHostInfo.setServiceName("kitten");
+        noHostInfo.setServiceType("_kitten._tcp");
+        noHostInfo.setPort(4242);
+        checkParcelable(noHostInfo);
+
+        NsdServiceInfo attributedInfo = new NsdServiceInfo();
+        attributedInfo.setServiceName("kitten");
+        attributedInfo.setServiceType("_kitten._tcp");
+        attributedInfo.setPort(4242);
+        attributedInfo.setHost(LOCALHOST);
+        attributedInfo.setAttribute("color", "pink");
+        attributedInfo.setAttribute("sound", (new String("にゃあ")).getBytes("UTF-8"));
+        attributedInfo.setAttribute("adorable", (String) null);
+        attributedInfo.setAttribute("sticky", "yes");
+        attributedInfo.setAttribute("siblings", new byte[] {});
+        attributedInfo.setAttribute("edge cases", new byte[] {0, -1, 127, -128});
+        attributedInfo.removeAttribute("sticky");
+        checkParcelable(attributedInfo);
+
+        // Sanity check that we actually wrote attributes to attributedInfo.
+        assertTrue(attributedInfo.getAttributes().keySet().contains("adorable"));
+        String sound = new String(attributedInfo.getAttributes().get("sound"), "UTF-8");
+        assertTrue(sound.equals("にゃあ"));
+        byte[] edgeCases = attributedInfo.getAttributes().get("edge cases");
+        assertTrue(Arrays.equals(edgeCases, new byte[] {0, -1, 127, -128}));
+        assertFalse(attributedInfo.getAttributes().keySet().contains("sticky"));
+    }
+
+    public void checkParcelable(NsdServiceInfo original) {
+        // Write to parcel.
+        Parcel p = Parcel.obtain();
+        Bundle writer = new Bundle();
+        writer.putParcelable("test_info", original);
+        writer.writeToParcel(p, 0);
+
+        // Extract from parcel.
+        p.setDataPosition(0);
+        Bundle reader = p.readBundle();
+        reader.setClassLoader(NsdServiceInfo.class.getClassLoader());
+        NsdServiceInfo result = reader.getParcelable("test_info");
+
+        // Assert equality of base fields.
+        assertEquals(original.getServiceName(), result.getServiceName());
+        assertEquals(original.getServiceType(), result.getServiceType());
+        assertEquals(original.getHost(), result.getHost());
+        assertTrue(original.getPort() == result.getPort());
+        assertEquals(original.getNetwork(), result.getNetwork());
+
+        // Assert equality of attribute map.
+        Map<String, byte[]> originalMap = original.getAttributes();
+        Map<String, byte[]> resultMap = result.getAttributes();
+        assertEquals(originalMap.keySet(), resultMap.keySet());
+        for (String key : originalMap.keySet()) {
+            assertTrue(Arrays.equals(originalMap.get(key), resultMap.get(key)));
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void assertEmptyServiceInfo(NsdServiceInfo shouldBeEmpty) {
+        byte[] txtRecord = shouldBeEmpty.getTxtRecord();
+        if (txtRecord == null || txtRecord.length == 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+        fail("NsdServiceInfo.getTxtRecord did not return null but " + Arrays.toString(txtRecord));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/util/DnsUtilsTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/util/DnsUtilsTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..660d516
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/util/DnsUtilsTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.util;
+
+import static android.net.util.DnsUtils.IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_GLOBAL;
+import static android.net.util.DnsUtils.IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_LINKLOCAL;
+import static android.net.util.DnsUtils.IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_SITELOCAL;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.os.Build;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class DnsUtilsTest {
+    private InetAddress stringToAddress(@NonNull String addr) {
+        return InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(addr);
+    }
+
+    private DnsUtils.SortableAddress makeSortableAddress(@NonNull String addr) {
+        return makeSortableAddress(addr, null);
+    }
+
+    private DnsUtils.SortableAddress makeSortableAddress(@NonNull String addr,
+            @Nullable String srcAddr) {
+        return new DnsUtils.SortableAddress(stringToAddress(addr),
+                srcAddr != null ? stringToAddress(srcAddr) : null);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRfc6724Comparator() {
+        final List<DnsUtils.SortableAddress> test = Arrays.asList(
+                // Ipv4
+                makeSortableAddress("216.58.200.36", "192.168.1.1"),
+                // global with different scope src
+                makeSortableAddress("2404:6800:4008:801::2004", "fe80::1111:2222"),
+                // global without src addr
+                makeSortableAddress("2404:6800:cafe:801::1"),
+                // loop back
+                makeSortableAddress("::1", "::1"),
+                // link local
+                makeSortableAddress("fe80::c46f:1cff:fe04:39b4", "fe80::1"),
+                // teredo tunneling
+                makeSortableAddress("2001::47c1", "2001::2"),
+                // 6bone without src addr
+                makeSortableAddress("3ffe::1234:5678"),
+                // IPv4-compatible
+                makeSortableAddress("::216.58.200.36", "::216.58.200.9"),
+                // 6bone
+                makeSortableAddress("3ffe::1234:5678", "3ffe::1234:1"),
+                // IPv4-mapped IPv6
+                makeSortableAddress("::ffff:192.168.95.7", "::ffff:192.168.95.1"));
+
+        final List<InetAddress> expected = Arrays.asList(
+                stringToAddress("::1"),                       // loop back
+                stringToAddress("fe80::c46f:1cff:fe04:39b4"), // link local
+                stringToAddress("216.58.200.36"),             // Ipv4
+                stringToAddress("::ffff:192.168.95.7"),       // IPv4-mapped IPv6
+                stringToAddress("2001::47c1"),                // teredo tunneling
+                stringToAddress("::216.58.200.36"),           // IPv4-compatible
+                stringToAddress("3ffe::1234:5678"),           // 6bone
+                stringToAddress("2404:6800:4008:801::2004"),  // global with different scope src
+                stringToAddress("2404:6800:cafe:801::1"),     // global without src addr
+                stringToAddress("3ffe::1234:5678"));          // 6bone without src addr
+
+        Collections.sort(test, new DnsUtils.Rfc6724Comparator());
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < test.size(); ++i) {
+            assertEquals(test.get(i).address, expected.get(i));
+        }
+
+        // TODO: add more combinations
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testV4SortableAddress() {
+        // Test V4 address
+        DnsUtils.SortableAddress test = makeSortableAddress("216.58.200.36");
+        assertEquals(test.hasSrcAddr, 0);
+        assertEquals(test.prefixMatchLen, 0);
+        assertEquals(test.address, stringToAddress("216.58.200.36"));
+        assertEquals(test.labelMatch, 0);
+        assertEquals(test.scopeMatch, 0);
+        assertEquals(test.scope, IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
+        assertEquals(test.label, 4);
+        assertEquals(test.precedence, 35);
+
+        // Test V4 loopback address with the same source address
+        test = makeSortableAddress("127.1.2.3", "127.1.2.3");
+        assertEquals(test.hasSrcAddr, 1);
+        assertEquals(test.prefixMatchLen, 0);
+        assertEquals(test.address, stringToAddress("127.1.2.3"));
+        assertEquals(test.labelMatch, 1);
+        assertEquals(test.scopeMatch, 1);
+        assertEquals(test.scope, IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_LINKLOCAL);
+        assertEquals(test.label, 4);
+        assertEquals(test.precedence, 35);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testV6SortableAddress() {
+        // Test global address
+        DnsUtils.SortableAddress test = makeSortableAddress("2404:6800:4008:801::2004");
+        assertEquals(test.address, stringToAddress("2404:6800:4008:801::2004"));
+        assertEquals(test.scope, IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
+        assertEquals(test.label, 1);
+        assertEquals(test.precedence, 40);
+
+        // Test global address with global source address
+        test = makeSortableAddress("2404:6800:4008:801::2004",
+                "2401:fa00:fc:fd00:6d6c:7199:b8e7:41d6");
+        assertEquals(test.address, stringToAddress("2404:6800:4008:801::2004"));
+        assertEquals(test.hasSrcAddr, 1);
+        assertEquals(test.scope, IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
+        assertEquals(test.labelMatch, 1);
+        assertEquals(test.scopeMatch, 1);
+        assertEquals(test.label, 1);
+        assertEquals(test.precedence, 40);
+        assertEquals(test.prefixMatchLen, 13);
+
+        // Test global address with linklocal source address
+        test = makeSortableAddress("2404:6800:4008:801::2004", "fe80::c46f:1cff:fe04:39b4");
+        assertEquals(test.hasSrcAddr, 1);
+        assertEquals(test.scope, IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
+        assertEquals(test.labelMatch, 1);
+        assertEquals(test.scopeMatch, 0);
+        assertEquals(test.label, 1);
+        assertEquals(test.precedence, 40);
+        assertEquals(test.prefixMatchLen, 0);
+
+        // Test loopback address with the same source address
+        test = makeSortableAddress("::1", "::1");
+        assertEquals(test.hasSrcAddr, 1);
+        assertEquals(test.prefixMatchLen, 16 * 8);
+        assertEquals(test.labelMatch, 1);
+        assertEquals(test.scopeMatch, 1);
+        assertEquals(test.scope, IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_LINKLOCAL);
+        assertEquals(test.label, 0);
+        assertEquals(test.precedence, 50);
+
+        // Test linklocal address
+        test = makeSortableAddress("fe80::c46f:1cff:fe04:39b4");
+        assertEquals(test.scope, IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_LINKLOCAL);
+        assertEquals(test.label, 1);
+        assertEquals(test.precedence, 40);
+
+        // Test linklocal address
+        test = makeSortableAddress("fe80::");
+        assertEquals(test.scope, IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_LINKLOCAL);
+        assertEquals(test.label, 1);
+        assertEquals(test.precedence, 40);
+
+        // Test 6to4 address
+        test = makeSortableAddress("2002:c000:0204::");
+        assertEquals(test.scope, IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
+        assertEquals(test.label, 2);
+        assertEquals(test.precedence, 30);
+
+        // Test unique local address
+        test = makeSortableAddress("fc00::c000:13ab");
+        assertEquals(test.scope, IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
+        assertEquals(test.label, 13);
+        assertEquals(test.precedence, 3);
+
+        // Test teredo tunneling address
+        test = makeSortableAddress("2001::47c1");
+        assertEquals(test.scope, IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
+        assertEquals(test.label, 5);
+        assertEquals(test.precedence, 5);
+
+        // Test IPv4-compatible addresses
+        test = makeSortableAddress("::216.58.200.36");
+        assertEquals(test.scope, IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
+        assertEquals(test.label, 3);
+        assertEquals(test.precedence, 1);
+
+        // Test site-local address
+        test = makeSortableAddress("fec0::cafe:3ab2");
+        assertEquals(test.scope, IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_SITELOCAL);
+        assertEquals(test.label, 11);
+        assertEquals(test.precedence, 1);
+
+        // Test 6bone address
+        test = makeSortableAddress("3ffe::1234:5678");
+        assertEquals(test.scope, IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
+        assertEquals(test.label, 12);
+        assertEquals(test.precedence, 1);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/util/KeepaliveUtilsTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/android/net/util/KeepaliveUtilsTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9203f8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/util/KeepaliveUtilsTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.util
+
+import android.content.Context
+import android.content.res.Resources
+import android.net.ConnectivityResources
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.MAX_TRANSPORT
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI
+import android.os.Build
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import com.android.internal.R
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import org.junit.After
+import org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals
+import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
+import org.junit.Assert.fail
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq
+import org.mockito.Mockito.any
+import org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn
+import org.mockito.Mockito.mock
+
+/**
+ * Tests for [KeepaliveUtils].
+ *
+ * Build, install and run with:
+ * atest android.net.util.KeepaliveUtilsTest
+ */
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+class KeepaliveUtilsTest {
+
+    // Prepare mocked context with given resource strings.
+    private fun getMockedContextWithStringArrayRes(
+        id: Int,
+        name: String,
+        res: Array<out String?>?
+    ): Context {
+        val mockRes = mock(Resources::class.java)
+        doReturn(res).`when`(mockRes).getStringArray(eq(id))
+        doReturn(id).`when`(mockRes).getIdentifier(eq(name), any(), any())
+
+        return mock(Context::class.java).apply {
+            doReturn(mockRes).`when`(this).getResources()
+            ConnectivityResources.setResourcesContextForTest(this)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @After
+    fun tearDown() {
+        ConnectivityResources.setResourcesContextForTest(null)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetSupportedKeepalives() {
+        fun assertRunWithException(res: Array<out String?>?) {
+            try {
+                val mockContext = getMockedContextWithStringArrayRes(
+                        R.array.config_networkSupportedKeepaliveCount,
+                        "config_networkSupportedKeepaliveCount", res)
+                KeepaliveUtils.getSupportedKeepalives(mockContext)
+                fail("Expected KeepaliveDeviceConfigurationException")
+            } catch (expected: KeepaliveUtils.KeepaliveDeviceConfigurationException) {
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Check resource with various invalid format.
+        assertRunWithException(null)
+        assertRunWithException(arrayOf<String?>(null))
+        assertRunWithException(arrayOfNulls<String?>(10))
+        assertRunWithException(arrayOf(""))
+        assertRunWithException(arrayOf("3,ABC"))
+        assertRunWithException(arrayOf("6,3,3"))
+        assertRunWithException(arrayOf("5"))
+
+        // Check resource with invalid slots value.
+        assertRunWithException(arrayOf("3,-1"))
+
+        // Check resource with invalid transport type.
+        assertRunWithException(arrayOf("-1,3"))
+        assertRunWithException(arrayOf("10,3"))
+
+        // Check valid customization generates expected array.
+        val validRes = arrayOf("0,3", "1,0", "4,4")
+        val expectedValidRes = intArrayOf(3, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0)
+
+        val mockContext = getMockedContextWithStringArrayRes(
+                R.array.config_networkSupportedKeepaliveCount,
+                "config_networkSupportedKeepaliveCount", validRes)
+        val actual = KeepaliveUtils.getSupportedKeepalives(mockContext)
+        assertArrayEquals(expectedValidRes, actual)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetSupportedKeepalivesForNetworkCapabilities() {
+        // Mock customized supported keepalives for each transport type, and assuming:
+        //   3 for cellular,
+        //   6 for wifi,
+        //   0 for others.
+        val cust = IntArray(MAX_TRANSPORT + 1).apply {
+            this[TRANSPORT_CELLULAR] = 3
+            this[TRANSPORT_WIFI] = 6
+        }
+
+        val nc = NetworkCapabilities()
+        // Check supported keepalives with single transport type.
+        nc.transportTypes = intArrayOf(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+        assertEquals(3, KeepaliveUtils.getSupportedKeepalivesForNetworkCapabilities(cust, nc))
+
+        // Check supported keepalives with multiple transport types.
+        nc.transportTypes = intArrayOf(TRANSPORT_WIFI, TRANSPORT_VPN)
+        assertEquals(0, KeepaliveUtils.getSupportedKeepalivesForNetworkCapabilities(cust, nc))
+
+        // Check supported keepalives with non-customized transport type.
+        nc.transportTypes = intArrayOf(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET)
+        assertEquals(0, KeepaliveUtils.getSupportedKeepalivesForNetworkCapabilities(cust, nc))
+
+        // Check supported keepalives with undefined transport type.
+        nc.transportTypes = intArrayOf(MAX_TRANSPORT + 1)
+        try {
+            KeepaliveUtils.getSupportedKeepalivesForNetworkCapabilities(cust, nc)
+            fail("Expected ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException")
+        } catch (expected: ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException) {
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/util/MultinetworkPolicyTrackerTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/android/net/util/MultinetworkPolicyTrackerTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..576b8d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/util/MultinetworkPolicyTrackerTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.util
+
+import android.content.Context
+import android.content.res.Resources
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_HANDOVER
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_PERFORMANCE
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_RELIABILITY
+import android.net.ConnectivityResources
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.NETWORK_METERED_MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE
+import android.net.util.MultinetworkPolicyTracker.ActiveDataSubscriptionIdListener
+import android.os.Build
+import android.provider.Settings
+import android.telephony.SubscriptionInfo
+import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager
+import android.test.mock.MockContentResolver
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import com.android.connectivity.resources.R
+import com.android.internal.util.test.FakeSettingsProvider
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import org.junit.After
+import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
+import org.junit.Assert.assertFalse
+import org.junit.Assert.assertTrue
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.argThat
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq
+import org.mockito.Mockito.any
+import org.mockito.Mockito.doCallRealMethod
+import org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn
+import org.mockito.Mockito.mock
+import org.mockito.Mockito.times
+import org.mockito.Mockito.verify
+
+/**
+ * Tests for [MultinetworkPolicyTracker].
+ *
+ * Build, install and run with:
+ * atest android.net.util.MultinetworkPolicyTrackerTest
+ */
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+class MultinetworkPolicyTrackerTest {
+    private val resources = mock(Resources::class.java).also {
+        doReturn(R.integer.config_networkAvoidBadWifi).`when`(it).getIdentifier(
+                eq("config_networkAvoidBadWifi"), eq("integer"), any())
+        doReturn(0).`when`(it).getInteger(R.integer.config_networkAvoidBadWifi)
+    }
+    private val telephonyManager = mock(TelephonyManager::class.java)
+    private val subscriptionManager = mock(SubscriptionManager::class.java).also {
+        doReturn(null).`when`(it).getActiveSubscriptionInfo(anyInt())
+    }
+    private val resolver = MockContentResolver().apply {
+        addProvider(Settings.AUTHORITY, FakeSettingsProvider()) }
+    private val context = mock(Context::class.java).also {
+        doReturn(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE).`when`(it)
+                .getSystemServiceName(TelephonyManager::class.java)
+        doReturn(telephonyManager).`when`(it).getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE)
+        if (it.getSystemService(TelephonyManager::class.java) == null) {
+            // Test is using mockito extended
+            doCallRealMethod().`when`(it).getSystemService(TelephonyManager::class.java)
+        }
+        doReturn(subscriptionManager).`when`(it)
+                .getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SUBSCRIPTION_SERVICE)
+        doReturn(resolver).`when`(it).contentResolver
+        doReturn(resources).`when`(it).resources
+        doReturn(it).`when`(it).createConfigurationContext(any())
+        Settings.Global.putString(resolver, NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI, "1")
+        ConnectivityResources.setResourcesContextForTest(it)
+    }
+    private val tracker = MultinetworkPolicyTracker(context, null /* handler */)
+
+    private fun assertMultipathPreference(preference: Int) {
+        Settings.Global.putString(resolver, NETWORK_METERED_MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE,
+                preference.toString())
+        tracker.updateMeteredMultipathPreference()
+        assertEquals(preference, tracker.meteredMultipathPreference)
+    }
+
+    @After
+    fun tearDown() {
+        ConnectivityResources.setResourcesContextForTest(null)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testUpdateMeteredMultipathPreference() {
+        assertMultipathPreference(MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_HANDOVER)
+        assertMultipathPreference(MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_RELIABILITY)
+        assertMultipathPreference(MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_PERFORMANCE)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testUpdateAvoidBadWifi() {
+        Settings.Global.putString(resolver, NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI, "0")
+        assertTrue(tracker.updateAvoidBadWifi())
+        assertFalse(tracker.avoidBadWifi)
+
+        doReturn(1).`when`(resources).getInteger(R.integer.config_networkAvoidBadWifi)
+        assertTrue(tracker.updateAvoidBadWifi())
+        assertTrue(tracker.avoidBadWifi)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testOnActiveDataSubscriptionIdChanged() {
+        val testSubId = 1000
+        val subscriptionInfo = SubscriptionInfo(testSubId, ""/* iccId */, 1/* iccId */,
+                "TMO"/* displayName */, "TMO"/* carrierName */, 1/* nameSource */, 1/* iconTint */,
+                "123"/* number */, 1/* roaming */, null/* icon */, "310"/* mcc */, "210"/* mnc */,
+                ""/* countryIso */, false/* isEmbedded */, null/* nativeAccessRules */,
+                "1"/* cardString */)
+        doReturn(subscriptionInfo).`when`(subscriptionManager).getActiveSubscriptionInfo(testSubId)
+
+        // Modify avoidBadWifi and meteredMultipathPreference settings value and local variables in
+        // MultinetworkPolicyTracker should be also updated after subId changed.
+        Settings.Global.putString(resolver, NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI, "0")
+        Settings.Global.putString(resolver, NETWORK_METERED_MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE,
+                MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_PERFORMANCE.toString())
+
+        val listenerCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(
+                ActiveDataSubscriptionIdListener::class.java)
+        verify(telephonyManager, times(1))
+                .registerTelephonyCallback(any(), listenerCaptor.capture())
+        val listener = listenerCaptor.value
+        listener.onActiveDataSubscriptionIdChanged(testSubId)
+
+        // Check it get resource value with test sub id.
+        verify(subscriptionManager, times(1)).getActiveSubscriptionInfo(testSubId)
+        verify(context).createConfigurationContext(argThat { it.mcc == 310 && it.mnc == 210 })
+
+        // Check if avoidBadWifi and meteredMultipathPreference values have been updated.
+        assertFalse(tracker.avoidBadWifi)
+        assertEquals(MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE_PERFORMANCE, tracker.meteredMultipathPreference)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/internal/net/NetworkUtilsInternalTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/internal/net/NetworkUtilsInternalTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51388d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/internal/net/NetworkUtilsInternalTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.internal.net;
+
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET6;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_UNIX;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.EPERM;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_DGRAM;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_STREAM;
+
+import static junit.framework.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.system.Os;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import libcore.io.IoUtils;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class NetworkUtilsInternalTest {
+
+    private static void expectSocketSuccess(String msg, int domain, int type) {
+        try {
+            IoUtils.closeQuietly(Os.socket(domain, type, 0));
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            fail(msg + e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void expectSocketPemissionError(String msg, int domain, int type) {
+        try {
+            IoUtils.closeQuietly(Os.socket(domain, type, 0));
+            fail(msg);
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            assertEquals(msg, e.errno, EPERM);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void expectHasNetworking() {
+        expectSocketSuccess("Creating a UNIX socket should not have thrown ErrnoException",
+                AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM);
+        expectSocketSuccess("Creating a AF_INET socket shouldn't have thrown ErrnoException",
+                AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM);
+        expectSocketSuccess("Creating a AF_INET6 socket shouldn't have thrown ErrnoException",
+                AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM);
+    }
+
+    private static void expectNoNetworking() {
+        expectSocketSuccess("Creating a UNIX socket should not have thrown ErrnoException",
+                AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM);
+        expectSocketPemissionError(
+                "Creating a AF_INET socket should have thrown ErrnoException(EPERM)",
+                AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM);
+        expectSocketPemissionError(
+                "Creating a AF_INET6 socket should have thrown ErrnoException(EPERM)",
+                AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetAllowNetworkingForProcess() {
+        expectHasNetworking();
+        NetworkUtilsInternal.setAllowNetworkingForProcess(false);
+        expectNoNetworking();
+        NetworkUtilsInternal.setAllowNetworkingForProcess(true);
+        expectHasNetworking();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/internal/net/VpnProfileTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/internal/net/VpnProfileTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..943a559
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/internal/net/VpnProfileTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.internal.net;
+
+import static com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel.isAtLeastT;
+import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils.assertParcelSane;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import android.net.IpSecAlgorithm;
+import android.os.Build;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/** Unit tests for {@link VpnProfile}. */
+@SmallTest
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class VpnProfileTest {
+    private static final String DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY = "Test";
+
+    private static final int ENCODED_INDEX_AUTH_PARAMS_INLINE = 23;
+    private static final int ENCODED_INDEX_RESTRICTED_TO_TEST_NETWORKS = 24;
+    private static final int ENCODED_INDEX_EXCLUDE_LOCAL_ROUTE = 25;
+    private static final int ENCODED_INDEX_REQUIRE_PLATFORM_VALIDATION = 26;
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDefaults() throws Exception {
+        final VpnProfile p = new VpnProfile(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY);
+
+        assertEquals(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY, p.key);
+        assertEquals("", p.name);
+        assertEquals(VpnProfile.TYPE_PPTP, p.type);
+        assertEquals("", p.server);
+        assertEquals("", p.username);
+        assertEquals("", p.password);
+        assertEquals("", p.dnsServers);
+        assertEquals("", p.searchDomains);
+        assertEquals("", p.routes);
+        assertTrue(p.mppe);
+        assertEquals("", p.l2tpSecret);
+        assertEquals("", p.ipsecIdentifier);
+        assertEquals("", p.ipsecSecret);
+        assertEquals("", p.ipsecUserCert);
+        assertEquals("", p.ipsecCaCert);
+        assertEquals("", p.ipsecServerCert);
+        assertEquals(null, p.proxy);
+        assertTrue(p.getAllowedAlgorithms() != null && p.getAllowedAlgorithms().isEmpty());
+        assertFalse(p.isBypassable);
+        assertFalse(p.isMetered);
+        assertEquals(1360, p.maxMtu);
+        assertFalse(p.areAuthParamsInline);
+        assertFalse(p.isRestrictedToTestNetworks);
+        assertFalse(p.excludeLocalRoutes);
+        assertFalse(p.requiresInternetValidation);
+    }
+
+    private VpnProfile getSampleIkev2Profile(String key) {
+        final VpnProfile p = new VpnProfile(key, true /* isRestrictedToTestNetworks */,
+                false /* excludesLocalRoutes */, true /* requiresPlatformValidation */);
+
+        p.name = "foo";
+        p.type = VpnProfile.TYPE_IKEV2_IPSEC_USER_PASS;
+        p.server = "bar";
+        p.username = "baz";
+        p.password = "qux";
+        p.dnsServers = "8.8.8.8";
+        p.searchDomains = "";
+        p.routes = "0.0.0.0/0";
+        p.mppe = false;
+        p.l2tpSecret = "";
+        p.ipsecIdentifier = "quux";
+        p.ipsecSecret = "quuz";
+        p.ipsecUserCert = "corge";
+        p.ipsecCaCert = "grault";
+        p.ipsecServerCert = "garply";
+        p.proxy = null;
+        p.setAllowedAlgorithms(
+                Arrays.asList(
+                        IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM,
+                        IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_CHACHA20_POLY1305,
+                        IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA512,
+                        IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC));
+        p.isBypassable = true;
+        p.isMetered = true;
+        p.maxMtu = 1350;
+        p.areAuthParamsInline = true;
+
+        // Not saved, but also not compared.
+        p.saveLogin = true;
+
+        return p;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEquals() {
+        assertEquals(
+                getSampleIkev2Profile(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY), getSampleIkev2Profile(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY));
+
+        final VpnProfile modified = getSampleIkev2Profile(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY);
+        modified.maxMtu--;
+        assertNotEquals(getSampleIkev2Profile(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY), modified);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParcelUnparcel() {
+        if (isAtLeastT()) {
+            // excludeLocalRoutes, requiresPlatformValidation were added in T.
+            assertParcelSane(getSampleIkev2Profile(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY), 25);
+        } else {
+            assertParcelSane(getSampleIkev2Profile(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY), 23);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEncodeDecode() {
+        final VpnProfile profile = getSampleIkev2Profile(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY);
+        final VpnProfile decoded = VpnProfile.decode(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY, profile.encode());
+        assertEquals(profile, decoded);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEncodeDecodeTooManyValues() {
+        final VpnProfile profile = getSampleIkev2Profile(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY);
+        final byte[] tooManyValues =
+                (new String(profile.encode()) + VpnProfile.VALUE_DELIMITER + "invalid").getBytes();
+
+        assertNull(VpnProfile.decode(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY, tooManyValues));
+    }
+
+    private String getEncodedDecodedIkev2ProfileMissingValues(int... missingIndices) {
+        // Sort to ensure when we remove, we can do it from greatest first.
+        Arrays.sort(missingIndices);
+
+        final String encoded = new String(getSampleIkev2Profile(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY).encode());
+        final List<String> parts =
+                new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(encoded.split(VpnProfile.VALUE_DELIMITER)));
+
+        // Remove from back first to ensure indexing is consistent.
+        for (int i = missingIndices.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            parts.remove(missingIndices[i]);
+        }
+
+        return String.join(VpnProfile.VALUE_DELIMITER, parts.toArray(new String[0]));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEncodeDecodeInvalidNumberOfValues() {
+        final String tooFewValues =
+                getEncodedDecodedIkev2ProfileMissingValues(
+                        ENCODED_INDEX_AUTH_PARAMS_INLINE,
+                        ENCODED_INDEX_RESTRICTED_TO_TEST_NETWORKS,
+                        ENCODED_INDEX_EXCLUDE_LOCAL_ROUTE,
+                        ENCODED_INDEX_REQUIRE_PLATFORM_VALIDATION /* missingIndices */);
+
+        assertNull(VpnProfile.decode(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY, tooFewValues.getBytes()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEncodeDecodeMissingIsRestrictedToTestNetworks() {
+        final String tooFewValues =
+                getEncodedDecodedIkev2ProfileMissingValues(
+                        ENCODED_INDEX_RESTRICTED_TO_TEST_NETWORKS /* missingIndices */);
+
+        // Verify decoding without isRestrictedToTestNetworks defaults to false
+        final VpnProfile decoded = VpnProfile.decode(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY, tooFewValues.getBytes());
+        assertFalse(decoded.isRestrictedToTestNetworks);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEncodeDecodeMissingExcludeLocalRoutes() {
+        final String tooFewValues =
+                getEncodedDecodedIkev2ProfileMissingValues(
+                        ENCODED_INDEX_EXCLUDE_LOCAL_ROUTE,
+                        ENCODED_INDEX_REQUIRE_PLATFORM_VALIDATION /* missingIndices */);
+
+        // Verify decoding without excludeLocalRoutes defaults to false
+        final VpnProfile decoded = VpnProfile.decode(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY, tooFewValues.getBytes());
+        assertFalse(decoded.excludeLocalRoutes);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEncodeDecodeMissingRequiresValidation() {
+        final String tooFewValues =
+                getEncodedDecodedIkev2ProfileMissingValues(
+                        ENCODED_INDEX_REQUIRE_PLATFORM_VALIDATION /* missingIndices */);
+
+        // Verify decoding without requiresValidation defaults to false
+        final VpnProfile decoded = VpnProfile.decode(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY, tooFewValues.getBytes());
+        assertFalse(decoded.requiresInternetValidation);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEncodeDecodeLoginsNotSaved() {
+        final VpnProfile profile = getSampleIkev2Profile(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY);
+        profile.saveLogin = false;
+
+        final VpnProfile decoded = VpnProfile.decode(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY, profile.encode());
+        assertNotEquals(profile, decoded);
+
+        // Add the username/password back, everything else must be equal.
+        decoded.username = profile.username;
+        decoded.password = profile.password;
+        assertEquals(profile, decoded);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/BpfNetMapsTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/BpfNetMapsTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f07a10d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/BpfNetMapsTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server;
+
+import static android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_INTERNET;
+
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeFalse;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+
+import android.net.INetd;
+import android.os.Build;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public final class BpfNetMapsTest {
+    private static final String TAG = "BpfNetMapsTest";
+    private static final int TEST_UID = 10086;
+    private static final int[] TEST_UIDS = {10002, 10003};
+    private static final String IFNAME = "wlan0";
+    private static final String CHAINNAME = "fw_dozable";
+    private BpfNetMaps mBpfNetMaps;
+
+    @Mock INetd mNetd;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+        mBpfNetMaps = new BpfNetMaps(mNetd);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBpfNetMapsBeforeT() throws Exception {
+        assumeFalse(SdkLevel.isAtLeastT());
+        mBpfNetMaps.addUidInterfaceRules(IFNAME, TEST_UIDS);
+        verify(mNetd).firewallAddUidInterfaceRules(IFNAME, TEST_UIDS);
+        mBpfNetMaps.removeUidInterfaceRules(TEST_UIDS);
+        verify(mNetd).firewallRemoveUidInterfaceRules(TEST_UIDS);
+        mBpfNetMaps.setNetPermForUids(PERMISSION_INTERNET, TEST_UIDS);
+        verify(mNetd).trafficSetNetPermForUids(PERMISSION_INTERNET, TEST_UIDS);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..025b28c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,15694 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server;
+
+import static android.Manifest.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.CONTROL_OEM_PAID_NETWORK_PREFERENCE;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.CREATE_USERS;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.DUMP;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.GET_INTENT_SENDER_INTENT;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.LOCAL_MAC_ADDRESS;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.PACKET_KEEPALIVE_OFFLOAD;
+import static android.app.PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE;
+import static android.content.Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED;
+import static android.content.Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_REMOVED;
+import static android.content.Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_REPLACED;
+import static android.content.Intent.ACTION_USER_ADDED;
+import static android.content.Intent.ACTION_USER_REMOVED;
+import static android.content.Intent.ACTION_USER_UNLOCKED;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageInfo.REQUESTED_PERMISSION_GRANTED;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_ETHERNET;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI_DIRECT;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.GET_PERMISSIONS;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.ACTION_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_SIGN_IN;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_DATA_SAVER;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_MASK;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_BATTERY_SAVER;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_NONE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_TYPE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE_NO_FALLBACK;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_ETHERNET;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_FOTA;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_MMS;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_PROXY;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_VPN;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI;
+import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OFF;
+import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC;
+import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_PROVIDER_HOSTNAME;
+import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_DNS;
+import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_FALLBACK;
+import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_HTTP;
+import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_HTTPS;
+import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_PRIVDNS;
+import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_PARTIAL;
+import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_VALID;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_BIP;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_CBS;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_DUN;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_EIMS;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_FOTA;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_IA;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_IMS;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_MMS;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_MMTEL;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_RCS;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_SUPL;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_VSIM;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_WIFI_P2P;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_XCAP;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.REDACT_FOR_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.REDACT_FOR_LOCAL_MAC_ADDRESS;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.REDACT_FOR_NETWORK_SETTINGS;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.REDACT_NONE;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI_AWARE;
+import static android.net.NetworkScore.KEEP_CONNECTED_FOR_HANDOVER;
+import static android.net.OemNetworkPreferences.OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID;
+import static android.net.OemNetworkPreferences.OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID_NO_FALLBACK;
+import static android.net.OemNetworkPreferences.OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID_ONLY;
+import static android.net.OemNetworkPreferences.OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PRIVATE_ONLY;
+import static android.net.OemNetworkPreferences.OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_TEST;
+import static android.net.OemNetworkPreferences.OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_TEST_ONLY;
+import static android.net.OemNetworkPreferences.OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_UNINITIALIZED;
+import static android.net.RouteInfo.RTN_UNREACHABLE;
+import static android.net.resolv.aidl.IDnsResolverUnsolicitedEventListener.PREFIX_OPERATION_ADDED;
+import static android.net.resolv.aidl.IDnsResolverUnsolicitedEventListener.PREFIX_OPERATION_REMOVED;
+import static android.net.resolv.aidl.IDnsResolverUnsolicitedEventListener.VALIDATION_RESULT_FAILURE;
+import static android.net.resolv.aidl.IDnsResolverUnsolicitedEventListener.VALIDATION_RESULT_SUCCESS;
+import static android.os.Process.INVALID_UID;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_TCP;
+
+import static com.android.server.ConnectivityService.MAX_NETWORK_REQUESTS_PER_SYSTEM_UID;
+import static com.android.server.ConnectivityService.PREFERENCE_ORDER_MOBILE_DATA_PREFERERRED;
+import static com.android.server.ConnectivityService.PREFERENCE_ORDER_OEM;
+import static com.android.server.ConnectivityService.PREFERENCE_ORDER_PROFILE;
+import static com.android.server.ConnectivityService.PREFERENCE_ORDER_VPN;
+import static com.android.server.ConnectivityServiceTestUtils.transportToLegacyType;
+import static com.android.testutils.ConcurrentUtils.await;
+import static com.android.testutils.ConcurrentUtils.durationOf;
+import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter;
+import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt.SC_V2;
+import static com.android.testutils.ExceptionUtils.ignoreExceptions;
+import static com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils.waitForIdleSerialExecutor;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertContainsAll;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertContainsExactly;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertEmpty;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertLength;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertRunsInAtMost;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertSameElements;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertThrows;
+import static com.android.testutils.TestPermissionUtil.runAsShell;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeFalse;
+import static org.mockito.AdditionalMatchers.aryEq;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyBoolean;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyLong;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.argThat;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.isNull;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyInt;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.atLeastOnce;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doNothing;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doThrow;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.spy;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.timeout;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verifyNoMoreInteractions;
+
+import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
+
+import android.Manifest;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.app.AlarmManager;
+import android.app.AppOpsManager;
+import android.app.NotificationManager;
+import android.app.PendingIntent;
+import android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager;
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
+import android.content.ComponentName;
+import android.content.ContentProvider;
+import android.content.ContentResolver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.IntentFilter;
+import android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo;
+import android.content.pm.PackageInfo;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.content.pm.ResolveInfo;
+import android.content.pm.ServiceInfo;
+import android.content.pm.UserInfo;
+import android.content.res.Resources;
+import android.location.LocationManager;
+import android.net.CaptivePortalData;
+import android.net.ConnectionInfo;
+import android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.DataStallReport;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.PacketKeepalive;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.PacketKeepaliveCallback;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.TooManyRequestsException;
+import android.net.ConnectivityResources;
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager;
+import android.net.ConnectivityThread;
+import android.net.DataStallReportParcelable;
+import android.net.EthernetManager;
+import android.net.IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback;
+import android.net.IDnsResolver;
+import android.net.INetd;
+import android.net.INetworkMonitor;
+import android.net.INetworkMonitorCallbacks;
+import android.net.IOnCompleteListener;
+import android.net.IQosCallback;
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.net.InterfaceConfigurationParcel;
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.net.IpSecManager;
+import android.net.IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.MatchAllNetworkSpecifier;
+import android.net.NativeNetworkConfig;
+import android.net.NativeNetworkType;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkAgent;
+import android.net.NetworkAgentConfig;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkFactory;
+import android.net.NetworkInfo;
+import android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState;
+import android.net.NetworkPolicyManager;
+import android.net.NetworkPolicyManager.NetworkPolicyCallback;
+import android.net.NetworkProvider;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.net.NetworkScore;
+import android.net.NetworkSpecifier;
+import android.net.NetworkStack;
+import android.net.NetworkStateSnapshot;
+import android.net.NetworkTestResultParcelable;
+import android.net.OemNetworkPreferences;
+import android.net.PacProxyManager;
+import android.net.ProfileNetworkPreference;
+import android.net.Proxy;
+import android.net.ProxyInfo;
+import android.net.QosCallbackException;
+import android.net.QosFilter;
+import android.net.QosSession;
+import android.net.ResolverParamsParcel;
+import android.net.RouteInfo;
+import android.net.RouteInfoParcel;
+import android.net.SocketKeepalive;
+import android.net.TelephonyNetworkSpecifier;
+import android.net.TransportInfo;
+import android.net.UidRange;
+import android.net.UidRangeParcel;
+import android.net.UnderlyingNetworkInfo;
+import android.net.Uri;
+import android.net.VpnManager;
+import android.net.VpnTransportInfo;
+import android.net.metrics.IpConnectivityLog;
+import android.net.netd.aidl.NativeUidRangeConfig;
+import android.net.networkstack.NetworkStackClientBase;
+import android.net.resolv.aidl.Nat64PrefixEventParcel;
+import android.net.resolv.aidl.PrivateDnsValidationEventParcel;
+import android.net.shared.NetworkMonitorUtils;
+import android.net.shared.PrivateDnsConfig;
+import android.net.util.MultinetworkPolicyTracker;
+import android.net.wifi.WifiInfo;
+import android.os.BadParcelableException;
+import android.os.BatteryStatsManager;
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.os.ConditionVariable;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.HandlerThread;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.INetworkManagementService;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.Messenger;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+import android.os.PersistableBundle;
+import android.os.Process;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+import android.os.SystemConfigManager;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
+import android.os.UserManager;
+import android.provider.Settings;
+import android.security.Credentials;
+import android.system.Os;
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
+import android.telephony.data.EpsBearerQosSessionAttributes;
+import android.telephony.data.NrQosSessionAttributes;
+import android.test.mock.MockContentResolver;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.Pair;
+import android.util.Range;
+import android.util.SparseArray;
+
+import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.connectivity.resources.R;
+import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
+import com.android.internal.app.IBatteryStats;
+import com.android.internal.net.VpnConfig;
+import com.android.internal.net.VpnProfile;
+import com.android.internal.util.WakeupMessage;
+import com.android.internal.util.test.BroadcastInterceptingContext;
+import com.android.internal.util.test.FakeSettingsProvider;
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+import com.android.net.module.util.ArrayTrackRecord;
+import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.LocationPermissionChecker;
+import com.android.server.ConnectivityService.ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbackInfo;
+import com.android.server.ConnectivityService.NetworkRequestInfo;
+import com.android.server.ConnectivityServiceTest.ConnectivityServiceDependencies.ReportedInterfaces;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityFlags;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.MockableSystemProperties;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.Nat464Xlat;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkAgentInfo;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkNotificationManager.NotificationType;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.ProxyTracker;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.QosCallbackTracker;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.UidRangeUtils;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.Vpn;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.VpnProfileStore;
+import com.android.server.net.NetworkPinner;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+import com.android.testutils.ExceptionUtils;
+import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils;
+import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry;
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback;
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkOfferCallback;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.AdditionalAnswers;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.InOrder;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+import org.mockito.Spy;
+import org.mockito.stubbing.Answer;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.io.StringWriter;
+import java.net.DatagramSocket;
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.Socket;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import kotlin.reflect.KClass;
+
+/**
+ * Tests for {@link ConnectivityService}.
+ *
+ * Build, install and run with:
+ *  runtest frameworks-net -c com.android.server.ConnectivityServiceTest
+ */
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class ConnectivityServiceTest {
+    private static final String TAG = "ConnectivityServiceTest";
+
+    @Rule
+    public final DevSdkIgnoreRule ignoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
+
+    private static final int TIMEOUT_MS = 2_000;
+    // Broadcasts can take a long time to be delivered. The test will not wait for that long unless
+    // there is a failure, so use a long timeout.
+    private static final int BROADCAST_TIMEOUT_MS = 30_000;
+    private static final int TEST_LINGER_DELAY_MS = 400;
+    private static final int TEST_NASCENT_DELAY_MS = 300;
+    // Chosen to be less than the linger and nascent timeout. This ensures that we can distinguish
+    // between a LOST callback that arrives immediately and a LOST callback that arrives after
+    // the linger/nascent timeout. For this, our assertions should run fast enough to leave
+    // less than (mService.mLingerDelayMs - TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS) between the time callbacks are
+    // supposedly fired, and the time we call expectCallback.
+    private static final int TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS = 250;
+    // Chosen to be less than TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS. This ensures that requests have time to
+    // complete before callbacks are verified.
+    private static final int TEST_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS = 150;
+
+    private static final int UNREASONABLY_LONG_ALARM_WAIT_MS = 1000;
+
+    private static final long TIMESTAMP = 1234L;
+
+    private static final int NET_ID = 110;
+    private static final int OEM_PREF_ANY_NET_ID = -1;
+    // Set a non-zero value to verify the flow to set tcp init rwnd value.
+    private static final int TEST_TCP_INIT_RWND = 60;
+
+    // Used for testing the per-work-profile default network.
+    private static final int TEST_APP_ID = 103;
+    private static final int TEST_WORK_PROFILE_USER_ID = 2;
+    private static final int TEST_WORK_PROFILE_APP_UID =
+            UserHandle.getUid(TEST_WORK_PROFILE_USER_ID, TEST_APP_ID);
+    private static final int TEST_APP_ID_2 = 104;
+    private static final int TEST_WORK_PROFILE_APP_UID_2 =
+            UserHandle.getUid(TEST_WORK_PROFILE_USER_ID, TEST_APP_ID_2);
+
+    private static final String CLAT_PREFIX = "v4-";
+    private static final String MOBILE_IFNAME = "test_rmnet_data0";
+    private static final String CLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME = CLAT_PREFIX + MOBILE_IFNAME;
+    private static final String WIFI_IFNAME = "test_wlan0";
+    private static final String WIFI_WOL_IFNAME = "test_wlan_wol";
+    private static final String VPN_IFNAME = "tun10042";
+    private static final String TEST_PACKAGE_NAME = "com.android.test.package";
+    private static final int TEST_PACKAGE_UID = 123;
+    private static final int TEST_PACKAGE_UID2 = 321;
+    private static final int TEST_PACKAGE_UID3 = 456;
+    private static final String ALWAYS_ON_PACKAGE = "com.android.test.alwaysonvpn";
+
+    private static final String INTERFACE_NAME = "interface";
+
+    private static final String TEST_VENUE_URL_NA_PASSPOINT = "https://android.com/";
+    private static final String TEST_VENUE_URL_NA_OTHER = "https://example.com/";
+    private static final String TEST_TERMS_AND_CONDITIONS_URL_NA_PASSPOINT =
+            "https://android.com/terms/";
+    private static final String TEST_TERMS_AND_CONDITIONS_URL_NA_OTHER =
+            "https://example.com/terms/";
+    private static final String TEST_VENUE_URL_CAPPORT = "https://android.com/capport/";
+    private static final String TEST_USER_PORTAL_API_URL_CAPPORT =
+            "https://android.com/user/api/capport/";
+    private static final String TEST_FRIENDLY_NAME = "Network friendly name";
+    private static final String TEST_REDIRECT_URL = "http://example.com/firstPath";
+
+    private MockContext mServiceContext;
+    private HandlerThread mCsHandlerThread;
+    private HandlerThread mVMSHandlerThread;
+    private ConnectivityServiceDependencies mDeps;
+    private ConnectivityService mService;
+    private WrappedConnectivityManager mCm;
+    private TestNetworkAgentWrapper mWiFiNetworkAgent;
+    private TestNetworkAgentWrapper mCellNetworkAgent;
+    private TestNetworkAgentWrapper mEthernetNetworkAgent;
+    private MockVpn mMockVpn;
+    private Context mContext;
+    private NetworkPolicyCallback mPolicyCallback;
+    private WrappedMultinetworkPolicyTracker mPolicyTracker;
+    private ProxyTracker mProxyTracker;
+    private HandlerThread mAlarmManagerThread;
+    private TestNetIdManager mNetIdManager;
+    private QosCallbackMockHelper mQosCallbackMockHelper;
+    private QosCallbackTracker mQosCallbackTracker;
+    private VpnManagerService mVpnManagerService;
+    private TestNetworkCallback mDefaultNetworkCallback;
+    private TestNetworkCallback mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback;
+    private TestNetworkCallback mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback;
+    private TestNetworkCallback mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback;
+    private TestNetworkCallback mProfileDefaultNetworkCallbackAsAppUid2;
+    private TestNetworkCallback mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback2;
+
+    // State variables required to emulate NetworkPolicyManagerService behaviour.
+    private int mBlockedReasons = BLOCKED_REASON_NONE;
+
+    @Mock DeviceIdleInternal mDeviceIdleInternal;
+    @Mock INetworkManagementService mNetworkManagementService;
+    @Mock NetworkStatsManager mStatsManager;
+    @Mock IDnsResolver mMockDnsResolver;
+    @Mock INetd mMockNetd;
+    @Mock NetworkStackClientBase mNetworkStack;
+    @Mock PackageManager mPackageManager;
+    @Mock UserManager mUserManager;
+    @Mock NotificationManager mNotificationManager;
+    @Mock AlarmManager mAlarmManager;
+    @Mock IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback;
+    @Mock IBinder mIBinder;
+    @Mock LocationManager mLocationManager;
+    @Mock AppOpsManager mAppOpsManager;
+    @Mock TelephonyManager mTelephonyManager;
+    @Mock EthernetManager mEthernetManager;
+    @Mock NetworkPolicyManager mNetworkPolicyManager;
+    @Mock VpnProfileStore mVpnProfileStore;
+    @Mock SystemConfigManager mSystemConfigManager;
+    @Mock Resources mResources;
+    @Mock PacProxyManager mPacProxyManager;
+    @Mock BpfNetMaps mBpfNetMaps;
+    @Mock CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator;
+
+    // BatteryStatsManager is final and cannot be mocked with regular mockito, so just mock the
+    // underlying binder calls.
+    final BatteryStatsManager mBatteryStatsManager =
+            new BatteryStatsManager(mock(IBatteryStats.class));
+
+    private ArgumentCaptor<ResolverParamsParcel> mResolverParamsParcelCaptor =
+            ArgumentCaptor.forClass(ResolverParamsParcel.class);
+
+    // This class exists to test bindProcessToNetwork and getBoundNetworkForProcess. These methods
+    // do not go through ConnectivityService but talk to netd directly, so they don't automatically
+    // reflect the state of our test ConnectivityService.
+    private class WrappedConnectivityManager extends ConnectivityManager {
+        private Network mFakeBoundNetwork;
+
+        public synchronized boolean bindProcessToNetwork(Network network) {
+            mFakeBoundNetwork = network;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        public synchronized Network getBoundNetworkForProcess() {
+            return mFakeBoundNetwork;
+        }
+
+        public WrappedConnectivityManager(Context context, ConnectivityService service) {
+            super(context, service);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class MockContext extends BroadcastInterceptingContext {
+        private final MockContentResolver mContentResolver;
+
+        @Spy private Resources mInternalResources;
+        private final LinkedBlockingQueue<Intent> mStartedActivities = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();
+
+        // Map of permission name -> PermissionManager.Permission_{GRANTED|DENIED} constant
+        // For permissions granted across the board, the key is only the permission name.
+        // For permissions only granted to a combination of uid/pid, the key
+        // is "<permission name>,<pid>,<uid>". PID+UID permissons have priority over generic ones.
+        private final HashMap<String, Integer> mMockedPermissions = new HashMap<>();
+
+        private void mockStringResource(int resId) {
+            doAnswer((inv) -> {
+                return "Mock string resource ID=" + inv.getArgument(0);
+            }).when(mInternalResources).getString(resId);
+        }
+
+        MockContext(Context base, ContentProvider settingsProvider) {
+            super(base);
+
+            mInternalResources = spy(base.getResources());
+            doReturn(new String[] {
+                    "wifi,1,1,1,-1,true",
+                    "mobile,0,0,0,-1,true",
+                    "mobile_mms,2,0,2,60000,true",
+                    "mobile_supl,3,0,2,60000,true",
+            }).when(mInternalResources)
+                    .getStringArray(com.android.internal.R.array.networkAttributes);
+
+            final int[] stringResourcesToMock = new int[] {
+                com.android.internal.R.string.config_customVpnAlwaysOnDisconnectedDialogComponent,
+                com.android.internal.R.string.vpn_lockdown_config,
+                com.android.internal.R.string.vpn_lockdown_connected,
+                com.android.internal.R.string.vpn_lockdown_connecting,
+                com.android.internal.R.string.vpn_lockdown_disconnected,
+                com.android.internal.R.string.vpn_lockdown_error,
+            };
+            for (int resId : stringResourcesToMock) {
+                mockStringResource(resId);
+            }
+
+            mContentResolver = new MockContentResolver();
+            mContentResolver.addProvider(Settings.AUTHORITY, settingsProvider);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void startActivityAsUser(Intent intent, UserHandle handle) {
+            mStartedActivities.offer(intent);
+        }
+
+        public Intent expectStartActivityIntent(int timeoutMs) {
+            Intent intent = null;
+            try {
+                intent = mStartedActivities.poll(timeoutMs, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {}
+            assertNotNull("Did not receive sign-in intent after " + timeoutMs + "ms", intent);
+            return intent;
+        }
+
+        public void expectNoStartActivityIntent(int timeoutMs) {
+            try {
+                assertNull("Received unexpected Intent to start activity",
+                        mStartedActivities.poll(timeoutMs, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {}
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public ComponentName startService(Intent service) {
+            final String action = service.getAction();
+            if (!VpnConfig.SERVICE_INTERFACE.equals(action)) {
+                fail("Attempt to start unknown service, action=" + action);
+            }
+            return new ComponentName(service.getPackage(), "com.android.test.Service");
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Object getSystemService(String name) {
+            if (Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE.equals(name)) return mCm;
+            if (Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE.equals(name)) return mNotificationManager;
+            if (Context.USER_SERVICE.equals(name)) return mUserManager;
+            if (Context.ALARM_SERVICE.equals(name)) return mAlarmManager;
+            if (Context.LOCATION_SERVICE.equals(name)) return mLocationManager;
+            if (Context.APP_OPS_SERVICE.equals(name)) return mAppOpsManager;
+            if (Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE.equals(name)) return mTelephonyManager;
+            if (Context.ETHERNET_SERVICE.equals(name)) return mEthernetManager;
+            if (Context.NETWORK_POLICY_SERVICE.equals(name)) return mNetworkPolicyManager;
+            if (Context.SYSTEM_CONFIG_SERVICE.equals(name)) return mSystemConfigManager;
+            if (Context.NETWORK_STATS_SERVICE.equals(name)) return mStatsManager;
+            if (Context.BATTERY_STATS_SERVICE.equals(name)) return mBatteryStatsManager;
+            if (Context.PAC_PROXY_SERVICE.equals(name)) return mPacProxyManager;
+            return super.getSystemService(name);
+        }
+
+        final HashMap<UserHandle, UserManager> mUserManagers = new HashMap<>();
+        @Override
+        public Context createContextAsUser(UserHandle user, int flags) {
+            final Context asUser = mock(Context.class, AdditionalAnswers.delegatesTo(this));
+            doReturn(user).when(asUser).getUser();
+            doAnswer((inv) -> {
+                final UserManager um = mUserManagers.computeIfAbsent(user,
+                        u -> mock(UserManager.class, AdditionalAnswers.delegatesTo(mUserManager)));
+                return um;
+            }).when(asUser).getSystemService(Context.USER_SERVICE);
+            return asUser;
+        }
+
+        public void setWorkProfile(@NonNull final UserHandle userHandle, boolean value) {
+            // This relies on all contexts for a given user returning the same UM mock
+            final UserManager umMock = createContextAsUser(userHandle, 0 /* flags */)
+                    .getSystemService(UserManager.class);
+            doReturn(value).when(umMock).isManagedProfile();
+            doReturn(value).when(mUserManager).isManagedProfile(eq(userHandle.getIdentifier()));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public ContentResolver getContentResolver() {
+            return mContentResolver;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Resources getResources() {
+            return mInternalResources;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public PackageManager getPackageManager() {
+            return mPackageManager;
+        }
+
+        private int checkMockedPermission(String permission, int pid, int uid,
+                Supplier<Integer> ifAbsent) {
+            final Integer granted = mMockedPermissions.get(permission + "," + pid + "," + uid);
+            if (null != granted) {
+                return granted;
+            }
+            final Integer allGranted = mMockedPermissions.get(permission);
+            if (null != allGranted) {
+                return allGranted;
+            }
+            return ifAbsent.get();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int checkPermission(String permission, int pid, int uid) {
+            return checkMockedPermission(permission, pid, uid,
+                    () -> super.checkPermission(permission, pid, uid));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int checkCallingOrSelfPermission(String permission) {
+            return checkMockedPermission(permission, Process.myPid(), Process.myUid(),
+                    () -> super.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(permission));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(String permission, String message) {
+            final Integer granted = checkMockedPermission(permission,
+                    Process.myPid(), Process.myUid(),
+                    () -> {
+                        super.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(permission, message);
+                        // enforce will crash if the permission is not granted
+                        return PERMISSION_GRANTED;
+                    });
+
+            if (!granted.equals(PERMISSION_GRANTED)) {
+                throw new SecurityException("[Test] permission denied: " + permission);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Mock checks for the specified permission, and have them behave as per {@code granted}.
+         *
+         * This will apply across the board no matter what the checked UID and PID are.
+         *
+         * <p>Passing null reverts to default behavior, which does a real permission check on the
+         * test package.
+         * @param granted One of {@link PackageManager#PERMISSION_GRANTED} or
+         *                {@link PackageManager#PERMISSION_DENIED}.
+         */
+        public void setPermission(String permission, Integer granted) {
+            mMockedPermissions.put(permission, granted);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Mock checks for the specified permission, and have them behave as per {@code granted}.
+         *
+         * This will only apply to the passed UID and PID.
+         *
+         * <p>Passing null reverts to default behavior, which does a real permission check on the
+         * test package.
+         * @param granted One of {@link PackageManager#PERMISSION_GRANTED} or
+         *                {@link PackageManager#PERMISSION_DENIED}.
+         */
+        public void setPermission(String permission, int pid, int uid, Integer granted) {
+            final String key = permission + "," + pid + "," + uid;
+            mMockedPermissions.put(key, granted);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Intent registerReceiverForAllUsers(@Nullable BroadcastReceiver receiver,
+                @NonNull IntentFilter filter, @Nullable String broadcastPermission,
+                @Nullable Handler scheduler) {
+            // TODO: ensure MultinetworkPolicyTracker's BroadcastReceiver is tested; just returning
+            // null should not pass the test
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void waitForIdle() {
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mCsHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
+        waitForIdle(mCellNetworkAgent, TIMEOUT_MS);
+        waitForIdle(mWiFiNetworkAgent, TIMEOUT_MS);
+        waitForIdle(mEthernetNetworkAgent, TIMEOUT_MS);
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mCsHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(ConnectivityThread.get(), TIMEOUT_MS);
+    }
+
+    private void waitForIdle(TestNetworkAgentWrapper agent, long timeoutMs) {
+        if (agent == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        agent.waitForIdle(timeoutMs);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testWaitForIdle() throws Exception {
+        final int attempts = 50;  // Causes the test to take about 200ms on bullhead-eng.
+
+        // Tests that waitForIdle returns immediately if the service is already idle.
+        for (int i = 0; i < attempts; i++) {
+            waitForIdle();
+        }
+
+        // Bring up a network that we can use to send messages to ConnectivityService.
+        ExpectedBroadcast b = expectConnectivityAction(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        b.expectBroadcast();
+        Network n = mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork();
+        assertNotNull(n);
+
+        // Tests that calling waitForIdle waits for messages to be processed.
+        for (int i = 0; i < attempts; i++) {
+            mWiFiNetworkAgent.setSignalStrength(i);
+            waitForIdle();
+            assertEquals(i, mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(n).getSignalStrength());
+        }
+    }
+
+    // This test has an inherent race condition in it, and cannot be enabled for continuous testing
+    // or presubmit tests. It is kept for manual runs and documentation purposes.
+    @Ignore
+    public void verifyThatNotWaitingForIdleCausesRaceConditions() throws Exception {
+        // Bring up a network that we can use to send messages to ConnectivityService.
+        ExpectedBroadcast b = expectConnectivityAction(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        b.expectBroadcast();
+        Network n = mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork();
+        assertNotNull(n);
+
+        // Ensure that not calling waitForIdle causes a race condition.
+        final int attempts = 50;  // Causes the test to take about 200ms on bullhead-eng.
+        for (int i = 0; i < attempts; i++) {
+            mWiFiNetworkAgent.setSignalStrength(i);
+            if (i != mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(n).getSignalStrength()) {
+                // We hit a race condition, as expected. Pass the test.
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // No race? There is a bug in this test.
+        fail("expected race condition at least once in " + attempts + " attempts");
+    }
+
+    private class TestNetworkAgentWrapper extends NetworkAgentWrapper {
+        private static final int VALIDATION_RESULT_INVALID = 0;
+
+        private static final long DATA_STALL_TIMESTAMP = 10L;
+        private static final int DATA_STALL_DETECTION_METHOD = 1;
+
+        private INetworkMonitor mNetworkMonitor;
+        private INetworkMonitorCallbacks mNmCallbacks;
+        private int mNmValidationResult = VALIDATION_RESULT_INVALID;
+        private int mProbesCompleted;
+        private int mProbesSucceeded;
+        private String mNmValidationRedirectUrl = null;
+        private boolean mNmProvNotificationRequested = false;
+        private Runnable mCreatedCallback;
+        private Runnable mUnwantedCallback;
+        private Runnable mDisconnectedCallback;
+
+        private final ConditionVariable mNetworkStatusReceived = new ConditionVariable();
+        // Contains the redirectUrl from networkStatus(). Before reading, wait for
+        // mNetworkStatusReceived.
+        private String mRedirectUrl;
+
+        TestNetworkAgentWrapper(int transport) throws Exception {
+            this(transport, new LinkProperties(), null /* ncTemplate */, null /* provider */);
+        }
+
+        TestNetworkAgentWrapper(int transport, LinkProperties linkProperties)
+                throws Exception {
+            this(transport, linkProperties, null /* ncTemplate */, null /* provider */);
+        }
+
+        private TestNetworkAgentWrapper(int transport, LinkProperties linkProperties,
+                NetworkCapabilities ncTemplate) throws Exception {
+            this(transport, linkProperties, ncTemplate, null /* provider */);
+        }
+
+        private TestNetworkAgentWrapper(int transport, LinkProperties linkProperties,
+                NetworkCapabilities ncTemplate, NetworkProvider provider) throws Exception {
+            super(transport, linkProperties, ncTemplate, provider, mServiceContext);
+
+            // Waits for the NetworkAgent to be registered, which includes the creation of the
+            // NetworkMonitor.
+            waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS);
+            HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mCsHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
+            HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(ConnectivityThread.get(), TIMEOUT_MS);
+        }
+
+        class TestInstrumentedNetworkAgent extends InstrumentedNetworkAgent {
+            TestInstrumentedNetworkAgent(NetworkAgentWrapper wrapper, LinkProperties lp,
+                    NetworkAgentConfig nac, NetworkProvider provider) {
+                super(wrapper, lp, nac, provider);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void networkStatus(int status, String redirectUrl) {
+                mRedirectUrl = redirectUrl;
+                mNetworkStatusReceived.open();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void onNetworkCreated() {
+                super.onNetworkCreated();
+                if (mCreatedCallback != null) mCreatedCallback.run();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void onNetworkUnwanted() {
+                super.onNetworkUnwanted();
+                if (mUnwantedCallback != null) mUnwantedCallback.run();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void onNetworkDestroyed() {
+                super.onNetworkDestroyed();
+                if (mDisconnectedCallback != null) mDisconnectedCallback.run();
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected InstrumentedNetworkAgent makeNetworkAgent(LinkProperties linkProperties,
+                NetworkAgentConfig nac, NetworkProvider provider) throws Exception {
+            mNetworkMonitor = mock(INetworkMonitor.class);
+
+            final Answer validateAnswer = inv -> {
+                new Thread(ignoreExceptions(this::onValidationRequested)).start();
+                return null;
+            };
+
+            doAnswer(validateAnswer).when(mNetworkMonitor).notifyNetworkConnected(any(), any());
+            doAnswer(validateAnswer).when(mNetworkMonitor).notifyNetworkConnectedParcel(any());
+            doAnswer(validateAnswer).when(mNetworkMonitor).forceReevaluation(anyInt());
+
+            final ArgumentCaptor<Network> nmNetworkCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Network.class);
+            final ArgumentCaptor<INetworkMonitorCallbacks> nmCbCaptor =
+                    ArgumentCaptor.forClass(INetworkMonitorCallbacks.class);
+            doNothing().when(mNetworkStack).makeNetworkMonitor(
+                    nmNetworkCaptor.capture(),
+                    any() /* name */,
+                    nmCbCaptor.capture());
+
+            final InstrumentedNetworkAgent na =
+                    new TestInstrumentedNetworkAgent(this, linkProperties, nac, provider);
+
+            assertEquals(na.getNetwork().netId, nmNetworkCaptor.getValue().netId);
+            mNmCallbacks = nmCbCaptor.getValue();
+
+            mNmCallbacks.onNetworkMonitorCreated(mNetworkMonitor);
+
+            return na;
+        }
+
+        private void onValidationRequested() throws Exception {
+            if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
+                verify(mNetworkMonitor).notifyNetworkConnectedParcel(any());
+            } else {
+                verify(mNetworkMonitor).notifyNetworkConnected(any(), any());
+            }
+            if (mNmProvNotificationRequested
+                    && ((mNmValidationResult & NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_VALID) != 0)) {
+                mNmCallbacks.hideProvisioningNotification();
+                mNmProvNotificationRequested = false;
+            }
+
+            mNmCallbacks.notifyProbeStatusChanged(mProbesCompleted, mProbesSucceeded);
+            final NetworkTestResultParcelable p = new NetworkTestResultParcelable();
+            p.result = mNmValidationResult;
+            p.probesAttempted = mProbesCompleted;
+            p.probesSucceeded = mProbesSucceeded;
+            p.redirectUrl = mNmValidationRedirectUrl;
+            p.timestampMillis = TIMESTAMP;
+            mNmCallbacks.notifyNetworkTestedWithExtras(p);
+
+            if (mNmValidationRedirectUrl != null) {
+                mNmCallbacks.showProvisioningNotification(
+                        "test_provisioning_notif_action", TEST_PACKAGE_NAME);
+                mNmProvNotificationRequested = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Connect without adding any internet capability.
+         */
+        public void connectWithoutInternet() {
+            super.connect();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Transition this NetworkAgent to CONNECTED state with NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET.
+         * @param validated Indicate if network should pretend to be validated.
+         */
+        public void connect(boolean validated) {
+            connect(validated, true, false /* isStrictMode */);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Transition this NetworkAgent to CONNECTED state.
+         * @param validated Indicate if network should pretend to be validated.
+         * @param hasInternet Indicate if network should pretend to have NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET.
+         */
+        public void connect(boolean validated, boolean hasInternet, boolean isStrictMode) {
+            ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback callback = null;
+            final ConditionVariable validatedCv = new ConditionVariable();
+            if (validated) {
+                setNetworkValid(isStrictMode);
+                NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                        .addTransportType(getNetworkCapabilities().getTransportTypes()[0])
+                        .clearCapabilities()
+                        .build();
+                callback = new ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback() {
+                    public void onCapabilitiesChanged(Network network,
+                            NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities) {
+                        if (network.equals(getNetwork()) &&
+                                networkCapabilities.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED)) {
+                            validatedCv.open();
+                        }
+                    }
+                };
+                mCm.registerNetworkCallback(request, callback);
+            }
+            if (hasInternet) {
+                addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
+            }
+
+            connectWithoutInternet();
+
+            if (validated) {
+                // Wait for network to validate.
+                waitFor(validatedCv);
+                setNetworkInvalid(isStrictMode);
+            }
+
+            if (callback != null) mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
+        }
+
+        public void connectWithCaptivePortal(String redirectUrl, boolean isStrictMode) {
+            setNetworkPortal(redirectUrl, isStrictMode);
+            connect(false, true /* hasInternet */, isStrictMode);
+        }
+
+        public void connectWithPartialConnectivity() {
+            setNetworkPartial();
+            connect(false);
+        }
+
+        public void connectWithPartialValidConnectivity(boolean isStrictMode) {
+            setNetworkPartialValid(isStrictMode);
+            connect(false, true /* hasInternet */, isStrictMode);
+        }
+
+        void setNetworkValid(boolean isStrictMode) {
+            mNmValidationResult = NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_VALID;
+            mNmValidationRedirectUrl = null;
+            int probesSucceeded = NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_DNS | NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_HTTPS;
+            if (isStrictMode) {
+                probesSucceeded |= NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_PRIVDNS;
+            }
+            // The probesCompleted equals to probesSucceeded for the case of valid network, so put
+            // the same value into two different parameter of the method.
+            setProbesStatus(probesSucceeded, probesSucceeded);
+        }
+
+        void setNetworkInvalid(boolean isStrictMode) {
+            mNmValidationResult = VALIDATION_RESULT_INVALID;
+            mNmValidationRedirectUrl = null;
+            int probesCompleted = NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_DNS | NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_HTTPS
+                    | NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_HTTP;
+            int probesSucceeded = 0;
+            // If the isStrictMode is true, it means the network is invalid when NetworkMonitor
+            // tried to validate the private DNS but failed.
+            if (isStrictMode) {
+                probesCompleted &= ~NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_HTTP;
+                probesSucceeded = probesCompleted;
+                probesCompleted |= NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_PRIVDNS;
+            }
+            setProbesStatus(probesCompleted, probesSucceeded);
+        }
+
+        void setNetworkPortal(String redirectUrl, boolean isStrictMode) {
+            setNetworkInvalid(isStrictMode);
+            mNmValidationRedirectUrl = redirectUrl;
+            // Suppose the portal is found when NetworkMonitor probes NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_HTTP
+            // in the beginning, so the NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_HTTPS hasn't probed yet.
+            int probesCompleted = NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_DNS | NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_HTTP;
+            int probesSucceeded = VALIDATION_RESULT_INVALID;
+            if (isStrictMode) {
+                probesCompleted |= NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_PRIVDNS;
+            }
+            setProbesStatus(probesCompleted, probesSucceeded);
+        }
+
+        void setNetworkPartial() {
+            mNmValidationResult = NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_PARTIAL;
+            mNmValidationRedirectUrl = null;
+            int probesCompleted = NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_DNS | NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_HTTPS
+                    | NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_FALLBACK;
+            int probesSucceeded = NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_DNS | NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_FALLBACK;
+            setProbesStatus(probesCompleted, probesSucceeded);
+        }
+
+        void setNetworkPartialValid(boolean isStrictMode) {
+            setNetworkPartial();
+            mNmValidationResult |= NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_VALID;
+            int probesCompleted = NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_DNS | NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_HTTPS
+                    | NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_HTTP;
+            int probesSucceeded = NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_DNS | NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_HTTP;
+            // Suppose the partial network cannot pass the private DNS validation as well, so only
+            // add NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_DNS in probesCompleted but not probesSucceeded.
+            if (isStrictMode) {
+                probesCompleted |= NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_PRIVDNS;
+            }
+            setProbesStatus(probesCompleted, probesSucceeded);
+        }
+
+        void setProbesStatus(int probesCompleted, int probesSucceeded) {
+            mProbesCompleted = probesCompleted;
+            mProbesSucceeded = probesSucceeded;
+        }
+
+        void notifyCapportApiDataChanged(CaptivePortalData data) {
+            try {
+                mNmCallbacks.notifyCaptivePortalDataChanged(data);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                throw new AssertionError("This cannot happen", e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public String waitForRedirectUrl() {
+            assertTrue(mNetworkStatusReceived.block(TIMEOUT_MS));
+            return mRedirectUrl;
+        }
+
+        public void expectDisconnected() {
+            expectDisconnected(TIMEOUT_MS);
+        }
+
+        public void expectPreventReconnectReceived() {
+            expectPreventReconnectReceived(TIMEOUT_MS);
+        }
+
+        void notifyDataStallSuspected() throws Exception {
+            final DataStallReportParcelable p = new DataStallReportParcelable();
+            p.detectionMethod = DATA_STALL_DETECTION_METHOD;
+            p.timestampMillis = DATA_STALL_TIMESTAMP;
+            mNmCallbacks.notifyDataStallSuspected(p);
+        }
+
+        public void setCreatedCallback(Runnable r) {
+            mCreatedCallback = r;
+        }
+
+        public void setUnwantedCallback(Runnable r) {
+            mUnwantedCallback = r;
+        }
+
+        public void setDisconnectedCallback(Runnable r) {
+            mDisconnectedCallback = r;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A NetworkFactory that allows to wait until any in-flight NetworkRequest add or remove
+     * operations have been processed and test for them.
+     */
+    private static class MockNetworkFactory extends NetworkFactory {
+        private final AtomicBoolean mNetworkStarted = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+
+        static class RequestEntry {
+            @NonNull
+            public final NetworkRequest request;
+
+            RequestEntry(@NonNull final NetworkRequest request) {
+                this.request = request;
+            }
+
+            static final class Add extends RequestEntry {
+                Add(@NonNull final NetworkRequest request) {
+                    super(request);
+                }
+            }
+
+            static final class Remove extends RequestEntry {
+                Remove(@NonNull final NetworkRequest request) {
+                    super(request);
+                }
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public String toString() {
+                return "RequestEntry [ " + getClass().getName() + " : " + request + " ]";
+            }
+        }
+
+        // History of received requests adds and removes.
+        private final ArrayTrackRecord<RequestEntry>.ReadHead mRequestHistory =
+                new ArrayTrackRecord<RequestEntry>().newReadHead();
+
+        private static <T> T failIfNull(@Nullable final T obj, @Nullable final String message) {
+            if (null == obj) fail(null != message ? message : "Must not be null");
+            return obj;
+        }
+
+        public RequestEntry.Add expectRequestAdd() {
+            return failIfNull((RequestEntry.Add) mRequestHistory.poll(TIMEOUT_MS,
+                    it -> it instanceof RequestEntry.Add), "Expected request add");
+        }
+
+        public void expectRequestAdds(final int count) {
+            for (int i = count; i > 0; --i) {
+                expectRequestAdd();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public RequestEntry.Remove expectRequestRemove() {
+            return failIfNull((RequestEntry.Remove) mRequestHistory.poll(TIMEOUT_MS,
+                    it -> it instanceof RequestEntry.Remove), "Expected request remove");
+        }
+
+        public void expectRequestRemoves(final int count) {
+            for (int i = count; i > 0; --i) {
+                expectRequestRemove();
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Used to collect the networks requests managed by this factory. This is a duplicate of
+        // the internal information stored in the NetworkFactory (which is private).
+        private SparseArray<NetworkRequest> mNetworkRequests = new SparseArray<>();
+        private final HandlerThread mHandlerSendingRequests;
+
+        public MockNetworkFactory(Looper looper, Context context, String logTag,
+                NetworkCapabilities filter, HandlerThread threadSendingRequests) {
+            super(looper, context, logTag, filter);
+            mHandlerSendingRequests = threadSendingRequests;
+        }
+
+        public int getMyRequestCount() {
+            return getRequestCount();
+        }
+
+        protected void startNetwork() {
+            mNetworkStarted.set(true);
+        }
+
+        protected void stopNetwork() {
+            mNetworkStarted.set(false);
+        }
+
+        public boolean getMyStartRequested() {
+            return mNetworkStarted.get();
+        }
+
+
+        @Override
+        protected void needNetworkFor(NetworkRequest request) {
+            mNetworkRequests.put(request.requestId, request);
+            super.needNetworkFor(request);
+            mRequestHistory.add(new RequestEntry.Add(request));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected void releaseNetworkFor(NetworkRequest request) {
+            mNetworkRequests.remove(request.requestId);
+            super.releaseNetworkFor(request);
+            mRequestHistory.add(new RequestEntry.Remove(request));
+        }
+
+        public void assertRequestCountEquals(final int count) {
+            assertEquals(count, getMyRequestCount());
+        }
+
+        // Trigger releasing the request as unfulfillable
+        public void triggerUnfulfillable(NetworkRequest r) {
+            super.releaseRequestAsUnfulfillableByAnyFactory(r);
+        }
+
+        public void assertNoRequestChanged() {
+            // Make sure there are no remaining requests unaccounted for.
+            HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandlerSendingRequests, TIMEOUT_MS);
+            assertNull(mRequestHistory.poll(0, r -> true));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Set<UidRange> uidRangesForUids(int... uids) {
+        final ArraySet<UidRange> ranges = new ArraySet<>();
+        for (final int uid : uids) {
+            ranges.add(new UidRange(uid, uid));
+        }
+        return ranges;
+    }
+
+    private Set<UidRange> uidRangesForUids(Collection<Integer> uids) {
+        return uidRangesForUids(CollectionUtils.toIntArray(uids));
+    }
+
+    private static Looper startHandlerThreadAndReturnLooper() {
+        final HandlerThread handlerThread = new HandlerThread("MockVpnThread");
+        handlerThread.start();
+        return handlerThread.getLooper();
+    }
+
+    private class MockVpn extends Vpn implements TestableNetworkCallback.HasNetwork {
+        // Careful ! This is different from mNetworkAgent, because MockNetworkAgent does
+        // not inherit from NetworkAgent.
+        private TestNetworkAgentWrapper mMockNetworkAgent;
+        private boolean mAgentRegistered = false;
+
+        private int mVpnType = VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE;
+        private UnderlyingNetworkInfo mUnderlyingNetworkInfo;
+
+        // These ConditionVariables allow tests to wait for LegacyVpnRunner to be stopped/started.
+        // TODO: this scheme is ad-hoc and error-prone because it does not fail if, for example, the
+        // test expects two starts in a row, or even if the production code calls start twice in a
+        // row. find a better solution. Simply putting a method to create a LegacyVpnRunner into
+        // Vpn.Dependencies doesn't work because LegacyVpnRunner is not a static class and has
+        // extensive access into the internals of Vpn.
+        private ConditionVariable mStartLegacyVpnCv = new ConditionVariable();
+        private ConditionVariable mStopVpnRunnerCv = new ConditionVariable();
+
+        public MockVpn(int userId) {
+            super(startHandlerThreadAndReturnLooper(), mServiceContext,
+                    new Dependencies() {
+                        @Override
+                        public boolean isCallerSystem() {
+                            return true;
+                        }
+
+                        @Override
+                        public DeviceIdleInternal getDeviceIdleInternal() {
+                            return mDeviceIdleInternal;
+                        }
+                    },
+                    mNetworkManagementService, mMockNetd, userId, mVpnProfileStore,
+                    new SystemServices(mServiceContext) {
+                        @Override
+                        public String settingsSecureGetStringForUser(String key, int userId) {
+                            switch (key) {
+                                // Settings keys not marked as @Readable are not readable from
+                                // non-privileged apps, unless marked as testOnly=true
+                                // (atest refuses to install testOnly=true apps), even if mocked
+                                // in the content provider, because
+                                // Settings.Secure.NameValueCache#getStringForUser checks the key
+                                // before querying the mock settings provider.
+                                case Settings.Secure.ALWAYS_ON_VPN_APP:
+                                    return null;
+                                default:
+                                    return super.settingsSecureGetStringForUser(key, userId);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }, new Ikev2SessionCreator());
+        }
+
+        public void setUids(Set<UidRange> uids) {
+            mNetworkCapabilities.setUids(UidRange.toIntRanges(uids));
+            if (mAgentRegistered) {
+                mMockNetworkAgent.setNetworkCapabilities(mNetworkCapabilities, true);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void setVpnType(int vpnType) {
+            mVpnType = vpnType;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Network getNetwork() {
+            return (mMockNetworkAgent == null) ? null : mMockNetworkAgent.getNetwork();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int getActiveVpnType() {
+            return mVpnType;
+        }
+
+        private LinkProperties makeLinkProperties() {
+            final LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+            lp.setInterfaceName(VPN_IFNAME);
+            return lp;
+        }
+
+        private void registerAgent(boolean isAlwaysMetered, Set<UidRange> uids, LinkProperties lp)
+                throws Exception {
+            if (mAgentRegistered) throw new IllegalStateException("already registered");
+            updateState(NetworkInfo.DetailedState.CONNECTING, "registerAgent");
+            mConfig = new VpnConfig();
+            mConfig.session = "MySession12345";
+            setUids(uids);
+            if (!isAlwaysMetered) mNetworkCapabilities.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+            mInterface = VPN_IFNAME;
+            mNetworkCapabilities.setTransportInfo(new VpnTransportInfo(getActiveVpnType(),
+                    mConfig.session));
+            mMockNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_VPN, lp,
+                    mNetworkCapabilities);
+            mMockNetworkAgent.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS);
+
+            verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddUidRangesParcel(
+                    new NativeUidRangeConfig(mMockVpn.getNetwork().getNetId(),
+                            toUidRangeStableParcels(uids), PREFERENCE_ORDER_VPN));
+            verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(argThat(config ->
+                    mMockVpn.getNetwork().getNetId() == config.netId
+                            && PREFERENCE_ORDER_VPN == config.subPriority));
+            mAgentRegistered = true;
+            verify(mMockNetd).networkCreate(nativeNetworkConfigVpn(getNetwork().netId,
+                    !mMockNetworkAgent.isBypassableVpn(), mVpnType));
+            updateState(NetworkInfo.DetailedState.CONNECTED, "registerAgent");
+            mNetworkCapabilities.set(mMockNetworkAgent.getNetworkCapabilities());
+            mNetworkAgent = mMockNetworkAgent.getNetworkAgent();
+        }
+
+        private void registerAgent(Set<UidRange> uids) throws Exception {
+            registerAgent(false /* isAlwaysMetered */, uids, makeLinkProperties());
+        }
+
+        private void connect(boolean validated, boolean hasInternet, boolean isStrictMode) {
+            mMockNetworkAgent.connect(validated, hasInternet, isStrictMode);
+        }
+
+        private void connect(boolean validated) {
+            mMockNetworkAgent.connect(validated);
+        }
+
+        private TestNetworkAgentWrapper getAgent() {
+            return mMockNetworkAgent;
+        }
+
+        private void setOwnerAndAdminUid(int uid) throws Exception {
+            mNetworkCapabilities.setOwnerUid(uid);
+            mNetworkCapabilities.setAdministratorUids(new int[]{uid});
+        }
+
+        public void establish(LinkProperties lp, int uid, Set<UidRange> ranges, boolean validated,
+                boolean hasInternet, boolean isStrictMode) throws Exception {
+            setOwnerAndAdminUid(uid);
+            registerAgent(false, ranges, lp);
+            connect(validated, hasInternet, isStrictMode);
+            waitForIdle();
+        }
+
+        public void establish(LinkProperties lp, int uid, Set<UidRange> ranges) throws Exception {
+            establish(lp, uid, ranges, true, true, false);
+        }
+
+        public void establishForMyUid(LinkProperties lp) throws Exception {
+            final int uid = Process.myUid();
+            establish(lp, uid, uidRangesForUids(uid), true, true, false);
+        }
+
+        public void establishForMyUid(boolean validated, boolean hasInternet, boolean isStrictMode)
+                throws Exception {
+            final int uid = Process.myUid();
+            establish(makeLinkProperties(), uid, uidRangesForUids(uid), validated, hasInternet,
+                    isStrictMode);
+        }
+
+        public void establishForMyUid() throws Exception {
+            establishForMyUid(makeLinkProperties());
+        }
+
+        public void sendLinkProperties(LinkProperties lp) {
+            mMockNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(lp);
+        }
+
+        public void disconnect() {
+            if (mMockNetworkAgent != null) {
+                mMockNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+                updateState(NetworkInfo.DetailedState.DISCONNECTED, "disconnect");
+            }
+            mAgentRegistered = false;
+            setUids(null);
+            // Remove NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET or MockNetworkAgent will refuse to connect later on.
+            mNetworkCapabilities.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
+            mInterface = null;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void startLegacyVpnRunner() {
+            mStartLegacyVpnCv.open();
+        }
+
+        public void expectStartLegacyVpnRunner() {
+            assertTrue("startLegacyVpnRunner not called after " + TIMEOUT_MS + " ms",
+                    mStartLegacyVpnCv.block(TIMEOUT_MS));
+
+            // startLegacyVpn calls stopVpnRunnerPrivileged, which will open mStopVpnRunnerCv, just
+            // before calling startLegacyVpnRunner. Restore mStopVpnRunnerCv, so the test can expect
+            // that the VpnRunner is stopped and immediately restarted by calling
+            // expectStartLegacyVpnRunner() and expectStopVpnRunnerPrivileged() back-to-back.
+            mStopVpnRunnerCv = new ConditionVariable();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void stopVpnRunnerPrivileged() {
+            if (mVpnRunner != null) {
+                super.stopVpnRunnerPrivileged();
+                disconnect();
+                mStartLegacyVpnCv = new ConditionVariable();
+            }
+            mVpnRunner = null;
+            mStopVpnRunnerCv.open();
+        }
+
+        public void expectStopVpnRunnerPrivileged() {
+            assertTrue("stopVpnRunnerPrivileged not called after " + TIMEOUT_MS + " ms",
+                    mStopVpnRunnerCv.block(TIMEOUT_MS));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public synchronized UnderlyingNetworkInfo getUnderlyingNetworkInfo() {
+            if (mUnderlyingNetworkInfo != null) return mUnderlyingNetworkInfo;
+
+            return super.getUnderlyingNetworkInfo();
+        }
+
+        private synchronized void setUnderlyingNetworkInfo(
+                UnderlyingNetworkInfo underlyingNetworkInfo) {
+            mUnderlyingNetworkInfo = underlyingNetworkInfo;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private UidRangeParcel[] toUidRangeStableParcels(final @NonNull Set<UidRange> ranges) {
+        return ranges.stream().map(
+                r -> new UidRangeParcel(r.start, r.stop)).toArray(UidRangeParcel[]::new);
+    }
+
+    private UidRangeParcel[] intToUidRangeStableParcels(final @NonNull Set<Integer> ranges) {
+        return ranges.stream().map(r -> new UidRangeParcel(r, r)).toArray(UidRangeParcel[]::new);
+    }
+
+    private VpnManagerService makeVpnManagerService() {
+        final VpnManagerService.Dependencies deps = new VpnManagerService.Dependencies() {
+            public int getCallingUid() {
+                return mDeps.getCallingUid();
+            }
+
+            public HandlerThread makeHandlerThread() {
+                return mVMSHandlerThread;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public VpnProfileStore getVpnProfileStore() {
+                return mVpnProfileStore;
+            }
+
+            public INetd getNetd() {
+                return mMockNetd;
+            }
+
+            public INetworkManagementService getINetworkManagementService() {
+                return mNetworkManagementService;
+            }
+        };
+        return new VpnManagerService(mServiceContext, deps);
+    }
+
+    private void assertVpnTransportInfo(NetworkCapabilities nc, int type) {
+        assertNotNull(nc);
+        final TransportInfo ti = nc.getTransportInfo();
+        assertTrue("VPN TransportInfo is not a VpnTransportInfo: " + ti,
+                ti instanceof VpnTransportInfo);
+        assertEquals(type, ((VpnTransportInfo) ti).getType());
+
+    }
+
+    private void processBroadcast(Intent intent) {
+        mServiceContext.sendBroadcast(intent);
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mVMSHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
+        waitForIdle();
+    }
+
+    private void mockVpn(int uid) {
+        synchronized (mVpnManagerService.mVpns) {
+            int userId = UserHandle.getUserId(uid);
+            mMockVpn = new MockVpn(userId);
+            // Every running user always has a Vpn in the mVpns array, even if no VPN is running.
+            mVpnManagerService.mVpns.put(userId, mMockVpn);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void mockUidNetworkingBlocked() {
+        doAnswer(i -> isUidBlocked(mBlockedReasons, i.getArgument(1))
+        ).when(mNetworkPolicyManager).isUidNetworkingBlocked(anyInt(), anyBoolean());
+    }
+
+    private boolean isUidBlocked(int blockedReasons, boolean meteredNetwork) {
+        final int blockedOnAllNetworksReason = (blockedReasons & ~BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_MASK);
+        if (blockedOnAllNetworksReason != BLOCKED_REASON_NONE) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (meteredNetwork) {
+            return blockedReasons != BLOCKED_REASON_NONE;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private void setBlockedReasonChanged(int blockedReasons) {
+        mBlockedReasons = blockedReasons;
+        mPolicyCallback.onUidBlockedReasonChanged(Process.myUid(), blockedReasons);
+    }
+
+    private Nat464Xlat getNat464Xlat(NetworkAgentWrapper mna) {
+        return mService.getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(mna.getNetwork()).clatd;
+    }
+
+    private class WrappedMultinetworkPolicyTracker extends MultinetworkPolicyTracker {
+        volatile int mConfigMeteredMultipathPreference;
+
+        WrappedMultinetworkPolicyTracker(Context c, Handler h, Runnable r) {
+            super(c, h, r);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected Resources getResourcesForActiveSubId() {
+            return mResources;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int configMeteredMultipathPreference() {
+            return mConfigMeteredMultipathPreference;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Wait up to TIMEOUT_MS for {@code conditionVariable} to open.
+     * Fails if TIMEOUT_MS goes by before {@code conditionVariable} opens.
+     */
+    static private void waitFor(ConditionVariable conditionVariable) {
+        if (conditionVariable.block(TIMEOUT_MS)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        fail("ConditionVariable was blocked for more than " + TIMEOUT_MS + "ms");
+    }
+
+    private <T> T doAsUid(final int uid, @NonNull final Supplier<T> what) {
+        mDeps.setCallingUid(uid);
+        try {
+            return what.get();
+        } finally {
+            mDeps.setCallingUid(null);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void doAsUid(final int uid, @NonNull final Runnable what) {
+        doAsUid(uid, () -> {
+            what.run(); return Void.TYPE;
+        });
+    }
+
+    private void registerNetworkCallbackAsUid(NetworkRequest request, NetworkCallback callback,
+            int uid) {
+        doAsUid(uid, () -> {
+            mCm.registerNetworkCallback(request, callback);
+        });
+    }
+
+    private void registerDefaultNetworkCallbackAsUid(@NonNull final NetworkCallback callback,
+            final int uid) {
+        doAsUid(uid, () -> {
+            mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(callback);
+            waitForIdle();
+        });
+    }
+
+    private interface ExceptionalRunnable {
+        void run() throws Exception;
+    }
+
+    private void withPermission(String permission, ExceptionalRunnable r) throws Exception {
+        try {
+            mServiceContext.setPermission(permission, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+            r.run();
+        } finally {
+            mServiceContext.setPermission(permission, null);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void withPermission(String permission, int pid, int uid, ExceptionalRunnable r)
+            throws Exception {
+        try {
+            mServiceContext.setPermission(permission, pid, uid, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+            r.run();
+        } finally {
+            mServiceContext.setPermission(permission, pid, uid, null);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static final int PRIMARY_USER = 0;
+    private static final int SECONDARY_USER = 10;
+    private static final int TERTIARY_USER = 11;
+    private static final UidRange PRIMARY_UIDRANGE =
+            UidRange.createForUser(UserHandle.of(PRIMARY_USER));
+    private static final int APP1_UID = UserHandle.getUid(PRIMARY_USER, 10100);
+    private static final int APP2_UID = UserHandle.getUid(PRIMARY_USER, 10101);
+    private static final int VPN_UID = UserHandle.getUid(PRIMARY_USER, 10043);
+    private static final UserInfo PRIMARY_USER_INFO = new UserInfo(PRIMARY_USER, "",
+            UserInfo.FLAG_PRIMARY);
+    private static final UserHandle PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE = new UserHandle(PRIMARY_USER);
+    private static final UserHandle SECONDARY_USER_HANDLE = new UserHandle(SECONDARY_USER);
+    private static final UserHandle TERTIARY_USER_HANDLE = new UserHandle(TERTIARY_USER);
+
+    private static final int RESTRICTED_USER = 1;
+    private static final UserInfo RESTRICTED_USER_INFO = new UserInfo(RESTRICTED_USER, "",
+            UserInfo.FLAG_RESTRICTED);
+    static {
+        RESTRICTED_USER_INFO.restrictedProfileParentId = PRIMARY_USER;
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        mNetIdManager = new TestNetIdManager();
+
+        mContext = InstrumentationRegistry.getContext();
+
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+
+        doReturn(asList(PRIMARY_USER_INFO)).when(mUserManager).getAliveUsers();
+        doReturn(asList(PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)).when(mUserManager).getUserHandles(anyBoolean());
+        doReturn(PRIMARY_USER_INFO).when(mUserManager).getUserInfo(PRIMARY_USER);
+        // canHaveRestrictedProfile does not take a userId. It applies to the userId of the context
+        // it was started from, i.e., PRIMARY_USER.
+        doReturn(true).when(mUserManager).canHaveRestrictedProfile();
+        doReturn(RESTRICTED_USER_INFO).when(mUserManager).getUserInfo(RESTRICTED_USER);
+
+        final ApplicationInfo applicationInfo = new ApplicationInfo();
+        applicationInfo.targetSdkVersion = Build.VERSION_CODES.Q;
+        doReturn(applicationInfo).when(mPackageManager)
+                .getApplicationInfoAsUser(anyString(), anyInt(), any());
+        doReturn(applicationInfo.targetSdkVersion).when(mPackageManager)
+                .getTargetSdkVersion(anyString());
+        doReturn(new int[0]).when(mSystemConfigManager).getSystemPermissionUids(anyString());
+
+        // InstrumentationTestRunner prepares a looper, but AndroidJUnitRunner does not.
+        // http://b/25897652 .
+        if (Looper.myLooper() == null) {
+            Looper.prepare();
+        }
+        mockDefaultPackages();
+        mockHasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI, true);
+        mockHasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI_DIRECT, true);
+        mockHasSystemFeature(FEATURE_ETHERNET, true);
+        doReturn(true).when(mTelephonyManager).isDataCapable();
+
+        FakeSettingsProvider.clearSettingsProvider();
+        mServiceContext = new MockContext(InstrumentationRegistry.getContext(),
+                new FakeSettingsProvider());
+        mServiceContext.setUseRegisteredHandlers(true);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_FACTORY, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(CONTROL_OEM_PAID_NETWORK_PREFERENCE, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(PACKET_KEEPALIVE_OFFLOAD, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+
+        mAlarmManagerThread = new HandlerThread("TestAlarmManager");
+        mAlarmManagerThread.start();
+        initAlarmManager(mAlarmManager, mAlarmManagerThread.getThreadHandler());
+
+        mCsHandlerThread = new HandlerThread("TestConnectivityService");
+        mVMSHandlerThread = new HandlerThread("TestVpnManagerService");
+        mProxyTracker = new ProxyTracker(mServiceContext, mock(Handler.class),
+                16 /* EVENT_PROXY_HAS_CHANGED */);
+
+        initMockedResources();
+        final Context mockResContext = mock(Context.class);
+        doReturn(mResources).when(mockResContext).getResources();
+        ConnectivityResources.setResourcesContextForTest(mockResContext);
+        mDeps = new ConnectivityServiceDependencies(mockResContext);
+
+        mService = new ConnectivityService(mServiceContext,
+                mMockDnsResolver,
+                mock(IpConnectivityLog.class),
+                mMockNetd,
+                mDeps);
+        mService.mLingerDelayMs = TEST_LINGER_DELAY_MS;
+        mService.mNascentDelayMs = TEST_NASCENT_DELAY_MS;
+
+        final ArgumentCaptor<NetworkPolicyCallback> policyCallbackCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NetworkPolicyCallback.class);
+        verify(mNetworkPolicyManager).registerNetworkPolicyCallback(any(),
+                policyCallbackCaptor.capture());
+        mPolicyCallback = policyCallbackCaptor.getValue();
+
+        // Create local CM before sending system ready so that we can answer
+        // getSystemService() correctly.
+        mCm = new WrappedConnectivityManager(InstrumentationRegistry.getContext(), mService);
+        mService.systemReadyInternal();
+        mVpnManagerService = makeVpnManagerService();
+        mVpnManagerService.systemReady();
+        mockVpn(Process.myUid());
+        mCm.bindProcessToNetwork(null);
+        mQosCallbackTracker = mock(QosCallbackTracker.class);
+
+        // Ensure that the default setting for Captive Portals is used for most tests
+        setCaptivePortalMode(ConnectivitySettingsManager.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE_PROMPT);
+        setAlwaysOnNetworks(false);
+        setPrivateDnsSettings(PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OFF, "ignored.example.com");
+    }
+
+    private void initMockedResources() {
+        doReturn(60000).when(mResources).getInteger(R.integer.config_networkTransitionTimeout);
+        doReturn("").when(mResources).getString(R.string.config_networkCaptivePortalServerUrl);
+        doReturn(new String[]{ WIFI_WOL_IFNAME }).when(mResources).getStringArray(
+                R.array.config_wakeonlan_supported_interfaces);
+        doReturn(new String[] { "0,1", "1,3" }).when(mResources).getStringArray(
+                R.array.config_networkSupportedKeepaliveCount);
+        doReturn(new String[0]).when(mResources).getStringArray(
+                R.array.config_networkNotifySwitches);
+        doReturn(new int[]{10, 11, 12, 14, 15}).when(mResources).getIntArray(
+                R.array.config_protectedNetworks);
+        // We don't test the actual notification value strings, so just return an empty array.
+        // It doesn't matter what the values are as long as it's not null.
+        doReturn(new String[0]).when(mResources)
+                .getStringArray(R.array.network_switch_type_name);
+
+        doReturn(R.array.config_networkSupportedKeepaliveCount).when(mResources)
+                .getIdentifier(eq("config_networkSupportedKeepaliveCount"), eq("array"), any());
+        doReturn(R.array.network_switch_type_name).when(mResources)
+                .getIdentifier(eq("network_switch_type_name"), eq("array"), any());
+        doReturn(R.integer.config_networkAvoidBadWifi).when(mResources)
+                .getIdentifier(eq("config_networkAvoidBadWifi"), eq("integer"), any());
+        doReturn(1).when(mResources).getInteger(R.integer.config_networkAvoidBadWifi);
+        doReturn(true).when(mResources)
+                .getBoolean(R.bool.config_cellular_radio_timesharing_capable);
+    }
+
+    class ConnectivityServiceDependencies extends ConnectivityService.Dependencies {
+        final ConnectivityResources mConnRes;
+        @Mock final MockableSystemProperties mSystemProperties;
+
+        ConnectivityServiceDependencies(final Context mockResContext) {
+            mSystemProperties = mock(MockableSystemProperties.class);
+            doReturn(false).when(mSystemProperties).getBoolean("ro.radio.noril", false);
+
+            mConnRes = new ConnectivityResources(mockResContext);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public MockableSystemProperties getSystemProperties() {
+            return mSystemProperties;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public HandlerThread makeHandlerThread() {
+            return mCsHandlerThread;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public NetworkStackClientBase getNetworkStack() {
+            return mNetworkStack;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public ProxyTracker makeProxyTracker(final Context context, final Handler handler) {
+            return mProxyTracker;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public NetIdManager makeNetIdManager() {
+            return mNetIdManager;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean queryUserAccess(final int uid, final Network network,
+                final ConnectivityService cs) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public MultinetworkPolicyTracker makeMultinetworkPolicyTracker(final Context c,
+                final Handler h, final Runnable r) {
+            if (null != mPolicyTracker) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Multinetwork policy tracker already initialized");
+            }
+            mPolicyTracker = new WrappedMultinetworkPolicyTracker(mServiceContext, h, r);
+            return mPolicyTracker;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public ConnectivityResources getResources(final Context ctx) {
+            return mConnRes;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public LocationPermissionChecker makeLocationPermissionChecker(final Context context) {
+            return new LocationPermissionChecker(context) {
+                @Override
+                protected int getCurrentUser() {
+                    return runAsShell(CREATE_USERS, () -> super.getCurrentUser());
+                }
+            };
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator makeCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator(
+                @NonNull final Context context, @NonNull final TelephonyManager tm) {
+            return SdkLevel.isAtLeastT() ? mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator : null;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean intentFilterEquals(final PendingIntent a, final PendingIntent b) {
+            return runAsShell(GET_INTENT_SENDER_INTENT, () -> a.intentFilterEquals(b));
+        }
+
+        @GuardedBy("this")
+        private Integer mCallingUid = null;
+
+        @Override
+        public int getCallingUid() {
+            synchronized (this) {
+                if (null != mCallingUid) return mCallingUid;
+                return super.getCallingUid();
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Pass null for the real calling UID
+        public void setCallingUid(final Integer uid) {
+            synchronized (this) {
+                mCallingUid = uid;
+            }
+        }
+
+        @GuardedBy("this")
+        private boolean mCellular464XlatEnabled = true;
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean getCellular464XlatEnabled() {
+            synchronized (this) {
+                return mCellular464XlatEnabled;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void setCellular464XlatEnabled(final boolean enabled) {
+            synchronized (this) {
+                mCellular464XlatEnabled = enabled;
+            }
+        }
+
+        @GuardedBy("this")
+        private Integer mConnectionOwnerUid = null;
+
+        @Override
+        public int getConnectionOwnerUid(final int protocol, final InetSocketAddress local,
+                final InetSocketAddress remote) {
+            synchronized (this) {
+                if (null != mConnectionOwnerUid) return mConnectionOwnerUid;
+                return super.getConnectionOwnerUid(protocol, local, remote);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Pass null to get the production implementation of getConnectionOwnerUid
+        public void setConnectionOwnerUid(final Integer uid) {
+            synchronized (this) {
+                mConnectionOwnerUid = uid;
+            }
+        }
+
+        final class ReportedInterfaces {
+            public final Context context;
+            public final String iface;
+            public final int[] transportTypes;
+            ReportedInterfaces(final Context c, final String i, final int[] t) {
+                context = c;
+                iface = i;
+                transportTypes = t;
+            }
+
+            public boolean contentEquals(final Context c, final String i, final int[] t) {
+                return Objects.equals(context, c) && Objects.equals(iface, i)
+                        && Arrays.equals(transportTypes, t);
+            }
+        }
+
+        final ArrayTrackRecord<ReportedInterfaces> mReportedInterfaceHistory =
+                new ArrayTrackRecord<>();
+
+        @Override
+        public void reportNetworkInterfaceForTransports(final Context context, final String iface,
+                final int[] transportTypes) {
+            mReportedInterfaceHistory.add(new ReportedInterfaces(context, iface, transportTypes));
+            super.reportNetworkInterfaceForTransports(context, iface, transportTypes);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean isFeatureEnabled(Context context, String name, boolean defaultEnabled) {
+            switch (name) {
+                case ConnectivityFlags.NO_REMATCH_ALL_REQUESTS_ON_REGISTER:
+                    return true;
+                default:
+                    return super.isFeatureEnabled(context, name, defaultEnabled);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public BpfNetMaps getBpfNetMaps(INetd netd) {
+            return mBpfNetMaps;
+        }
+
+        final ArrayTrackRecord<Pair<String, Long>> mRateLimitHistory = new ArrayTrackRecord<>();
+        final Map<String, Long> mActiveRateLimit = new HashMap<>();
+
+        @Override
+        public void enableIngressRateLimit(final String iface, final long rateInBytesPerSecond) {
+            mRateLimitHistory.add(new Pair<>(iface, rateInBytesPerSecond));
+            // Due to a TC limitation, the rate limit needs to be removed before it can be
+            // updated. Check that this happened.
+            assertEquals(-1L, (long) mActiveRateLimit.getOrDefault(iface, -1L));
+            mActiveRateLimit.put(iface, rateInBytesPerSecond);
+            // verify that clsact qdisc has already been created, otherwise attaching a tc police
+            // filter will fail.
+            try {
+                verify(mMockNetd).networkAddInterface(anyInt(), eq(iface));
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                fail(e.getMessage());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void disableIngressRateLimit(final String iface) {
+            mRateLimitHistory.add(new Pair<>(iface, -1L));
+            assertNotEquals(-1L, (long) mActiveRateLimit.getOrDefault(iface, -1L));
+            mActiveRateLimit.put(iface, -1L);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void initAlarmManager(final AlarmManager am, final Handler alarmHandler) {
+        doAnswer(inv -> {
+            final long when = inv.getArgument(1);
+            final WakeupMessage wakeupMsg = inv.getArgument(3);
+            final Handler handler = inv.getArgument(4);
+
+            long delayMs = when - SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
+            if (delayMs < 0) delayMs = 0;
+            if (delayMs > UNREASONABLY_LONG_ALARM_WAIT_MS) {
+                fail("Attempting to send msg more than " + UNREASONABLY_LONG_ALARM_WAIT_MS
+                        + "ms into the future: " + delayMs);
+            }
+            alarmHandler.postDelayed(() -> handler.post(wakeupMsg::onAlarm), wakeupMsg /* token */,
+                    delayMs);
+
+            return null;
+        }).when(am).setExact(eq(AlarmManager.ELAPSED_REALTIME_WAKEUP), anyLong(), anyString(),
+                any(WakeupMessage.class), any());
+
+        doAnswer(inv -> {
+            final WakeupMessage wakeupMsg = inv.getArgument(0);
+            alarmHandler.removeCallbacksAndMessages(wakeupMsg /* token */);
+            return null;
+        }).when(am).cancel(any(WakeupMessage.class));
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        unregisterDefaultNetworkCallbacks();
+        maybeTearDownEnterpriseNetwork();
+        setAlwaysOnNetworks(false);
+        if (mCellNetworkAgent != null) {
+            mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+            mCellNetworkAgent = null;
+        }
+        if (mWiFiNetworkAgent != null) {
+            mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+            mWiFiNetworkAgent = null;
+        }
+        if (mEthernetNetworkAgent != null) {
+            mEthernetNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+            mEthernetNetworkAgent = null;
+        }
+
+        if (mQosCallbackMockHelper != null) {
+            mQosCallbackMockHelper.tearDown();
+            mQosCallbackMockHelper = null;
+        }
+        mMockVpn.disconnect();
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        FakeSettingsProvider.clearSettingsProvider();
+        ConnectivityResources.setResourcesContextForTest(null);
+
+        mCsHandlerThread.quitSafely();
+        mAlarmManagerThread.quitSafely();
+    }
+
+    private void mockDefaultPackages() throws Exception {
+        final String myPackageName = mContext.getPackageName();
+        final PackageInfo myPackageInfo = mContext.getPackageManager().getPackageInfo(
+                myPackageName, PackageManager.GET_PERMISSIONS);
+        doReturn(new String[] {myPackageName}).when(mPackageManager)
+                .getPackagesForUid(Binder.getCallingUid());
+        doReturn(myPackageInfo).when(mPackageManager).getPackageInfoAsUser(
+                eq(myPackageName), anyInt(), eq(UserHandle.getCallingUserId()));
+
+        doReturn(asList(new PackageInfo[] {
+                buildPackageInfo(/* SYSTEM */ false, APP1_UID),
+                buildPackageInfo(/* SYSTEM */ false, APP2_UID),
+                buildPackageInfo(/* SYSTEM */ false, VPN_UID)
+        })).when(mPackageManager).getInstalledPackagesAsUser(eq(GET_PERMISSIONS), anyInt());
+
+        // Create a fake always-on VPN package.
+        final int userId = UserHandle.getCallingUserId();
+        final ApplicationInfo applicationInfo = new ApplicationInfo();
+        applicationInfo.targetSdkVersion = Build.VERSION_CODES.R;  // Always-on supported in N+.
+        doReturn(applicationInfo).when(mPackageManager).getApplicationInfoAsUser(
+                eq(ALWAYS_ON_PACKAGE), anyInt(), eq(userId));
+
+        // Minimal mocking to keep Vpn#isAlwaysOnPackageSupported happy.
+        ResolveInfo rInfo = new ResolveInfo();
+        rInfo.serviceInfo = new ServiceInfo();
+        rInfo.serviceInfo.metaData = new Bundle();
+        final List<ResolveInfo> services = asList(new ResolveInfo[]{rInfo});
+        doReturn(services).when(mPackageManager).queryIntentServicesAsUser(
+                any(), eq(PackageManager.GET_META_DATA), eq(userId));
+        doReturn(Process.myUid()).when(mPackageManager).getPackageUidAsUser(
+                TEST_PACKAGE_NAME, userId);
+        doReturn(VPN_UID).when(mPackageManager).getPackageUidAsUser(ALWAYS_ON_PACKAGE, userId);
+    }
+
+    private void verifyActiveNetwork(int transport) {
+        // Test getActiveNetworkInfo()
+        assertNotNull(mCm.getActiveNetworkInfo());
+        assertEquals(transportToLegacyType(transport), mCm.getActiveNetworkInfo().getType());
+        // Test getActiveNetwork()
+        assertNotNull(mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertEquals(mCm.getActiveNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(Process.myUid()));
+        if (!NetworkCapabilities.isValidTransport(transport)) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown transport " + transport);
+        }
+        switch (transport) {
+            case TRANSPORT_WIFI:
+                assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+                break;
+            case TRANSPORT_CELLULAR:
+                assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+                break;
+            case TRANSPORT_ETHERNET:
+                assertEquals(mEthernetNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+        // Test getNetworkInfo(Network)
+        assertNotNull(mCm.getNetworkInfo(mCm.getActiveNetwork()));
+        assertEquals(transportToLegacyType(transport),
+                mCm.getNetworkInfo(mCm.getActiveNetwork()).getType());
+        assertNotNull(mCm.getActiveNetworkInfoForUid(Process.myUid()));
+        // Test getNetworkCapabilities(Network)
+        assertNotNull(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mCm.getActiveNetwork()));
+        assertTrue(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mCm.getActiveNetwork()).hasTransport(transport));
+    }
+
+    private void verifyNoNetwork() {
+        waitForIdle();
+        // Test getActiveNetworkInfo()
+        assertNull(mCm.getActiveNetworkInfo());
+        // Test getActiveNetwork()
+        assertNull(mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertNull(mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(Process.myUid()));
+        // Test getAllNetworks()
+        assertEmpty(mCm.getAllNetworks());
+        assertEmpty(mCm.getAllNetworkStateSnapshots());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Class to simplify expecting broadcasts using BroadcastInterceptingContext.
+     * Ensures that the receiver is unregistered after the expected broadcast is received. This
+     * cannot be done in the BroadcastReceiver itself because BroadcastInterceptingContext runs
+     * the receivers' receive method while iterating over the list of receivers, and unregistering
+     * the receiver during iteration throws ConcurrentModificationException.
+     */
+    private class ExpectedBroadcast extends CompletableFuture<Intent>  {
+        private final BroadcastReceiver mReceiver;
+
+        ExpectedBroadcast(BroadcastReceiver receiver) {
+            mReceiver = receiver;
+        }
+
+        public Intent expectBroadcast(int timeoutMs) throws Exception {
+            try {
+                return get(timeoutMs, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+            } catch (TimeoutException e) {
+                fail("Expected broadcast not received after " + timeoutMs + " ms");
+                return null;
+            } finally {
+                mServiceContext.unregisterReceiver(mReceiver);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public Intent expectBroadcast() throws Exception {
+            return expectBroadcast(BROADCAST_TIMEOUT_MS);
+        }
+
+        public void expectNoBroadcast(int timeoutMs) throws Exception {
+            waitForIdle();
+            try {
+                final Intent intent = get(timeoutMs, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+                fail("Unexpected broadcast: " + intent.getAction() + " " + intent.getExtras());
+            } catch (TimeoutException expected) {
+            } finally {
+                mServiceContext.unregisterReceiver(mReceiver);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Expects that {@code count} CONNECTIVITY_ACTION broadcasts are received. */
+    private ExpectedBroadcast registerConnectivityBroadcast(final int count) {
+        return registerConnectivityBroadcastThat(count, intent -> true);
+    }
+
+    private ExpectedBroadcast registerConnectivityBroadcastThat(final int count,
+            @NonNull final Predicate<Intent> filter) {
+        final IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter(CONNECTIVITY_ACTION);
+        // AtomicReference allows receiver to access expected even though it is constructed later.
+        final AtomicReference<ExpectedBroadcast> expectedRef = new AtomicReference<>();
+        final BroadcastReceiver receiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
+            private int mRemaining = count;
+            public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+                final int type = intent.getIntExtra(EXTRA_NETWORK_TYPE, -1);
+                final NetworkInfo ni = intent.getParcelableExtra(EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO);
+                Log.d(TAG, "Received CONNECTIVITY_ACTION type=" + type + " ni=" + ni);
+                if (!filter.test(intent)) return;
+                if (--mRemaining == 0) {
+                    expectedRef.get().complete(intent);
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        final ExpectedBroadcast expected = new ExpectedBroadcast(receiver);
+        expectedRef.set(expected);
+        mServiceContext.registerReceiver(receiver, intentFilter);
+        return expected;
+    }
+
+    private ExpectedBroadcast expectProxyChangeAction(ProxyInfo proxy) {
+        return registerPacProxyBroadcastThat(intent -> {
+            final ProxyInfo actualProxy = (ProxyInfo) intent.getExtra(Proxy.EXTRA_PROXY_INFO,
+                    ProxyInfo.buildPacProxy(Uri.EMPTY));
+            return proxy.equals(actualProxy);
+        });
+    }
+
+    private ExpectedBroadcast registerPacProxyBroadcast() {
+        return registerPacProxyBroadcastThat(intent -> true);
+    }
+
+    private ExpectedBroadcast registerPacProxyBroadcastThat(
+            @NonNull final Predicate<Intent> filter) {
+        final IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter(Proxy.PROXY_CHANGE_ACTION);
+        // AtomicReference allows receiver to access expected even though it is constructed later.
+        final AtomicReference<ExpectedBroadcast> expectedRef = new AtomicReference<>();
+        final BroadcastReceiver receiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
+            public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+                final ProxyInfo proxy = (ProxyInfo) intent.getExtra(
+                            Proxy.EXTRA_PROXY_INFO, ProxyInfo.buildPacProxy(Uri.EMPTY));
+                Log.d(TAG, "Receive PROXY_CHANGE_ACTION, proxy = " + proxy);
+                if (filter.test(intent)) {
+                    expectedRef.get().complete(intent);
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        final ExpectedBroadcast expected = new ExpectedBroadcast(receiver);
+        expectedRef.set(expected);
+        mServiceContext.registerReceiver(receiver, intentFilter);
+        return expected;
+    }
+
+    private boolean extraInfoInBroadcastHasExpectedNullness(NetworkInfo ni) {
+        final DetailedState state = ni.getDetailedState();
+        if (state == DetailedState.CONNECTED && ni.getExtraInfo() == null) return false;
+        // Expect a null extraInfo if the network is CONNECTING, because a CONNECTIVITY_ACTION
+        // broadcast with a state of CONNECTING only happens due to legacy VPN lockdown, which also
+        // nulls out extraInfo.
+        if (state == DetailedState.CONNECTING && ni.getExtraInfo() != null) return false;
+        // Can't make any assertions about DISCONNECTED broadcasts. When a network actually
+        // disconnects, disconnectAndDestroyNetwork sets its state to DISCONNECTED and its extraInfo
+        // to null. But if the DISCONNECTED broadcast is just simulated by LegacyTypeTracker due to
+        // a network switch, extraInfo will likely be populated.
+        // This is likely a bug in CS, but likely not one we can fix without impacting apps.
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private ExpectedBroadcast expectConnectivityAction(int type, NetworkInfo.DetailedState state) {
+        return registerConnectivityBroadcastThat(1, intent -> {
+            final int actualType = intent.getIntExtra(EXTRA_NETWORK_TYPE, -1);
+            final NetworkInfo ni = intent.getParcelableExtra(EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO);
+            return type == actualType
+                    && state == ni.getDetailedState()
+                    && extraInfoInBroadcastHasExpectedNullness(ni);
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkTypes() {
+        // Ensure that our mocks for the networkAttributes config variable work as expected. If they
+        // don't, then tests that depend on CONNECTIVITY_ACTION broadcasts for these network types
+        // will fail. Failing here is much easier to debug.
+        assertTrue(mCm.isNetworkSupported(TYPE_WIFI));
+        assertTrue(mCm.isNetworkSupported(TYPE_MOBILE));
+        assertTrue(mCm.isNetworkSupported(TYPE_MOBILE_MMS));
+        assertTrue(mCm.isNetworkSupported(TYPE_MOBILE_FOTA));
+        assertFalse(mCm.isNetworkSupported(TYPE_PROXY));
+
+        // Check that TYPE_ETHERNET is supported. Unlike the asserts above, which only validate our
+        // mocks, this assert exercises the ConnectivityService code path that ensures that
+        // TYPE_ETHERNET is supported if the ethernet service is running.
+        assertTrue(mCm.isNetworkSupported(TYPE_ETHERNET));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkFeature() throws Exception {
+        // Connect the cell agent and wait for the connected broadcast.
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_SUPL);
+        ExpectedBroadcast b = expectConnectivityAction(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        b.expectBroadcast();
+
+        // Build legacy request for SUPL.
+        final NetworkCapabilities legacyCaps = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        legacyCaps.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        legacyCaps.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_SUPL);
+        final NetworkRequest legacyRequest = new NetworkRequest(legacyCaps, TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL,
+                ConnectivityManager.REQUEST_ID_UNSET, NetworkRequest.Type.REQUEST);
+
+        // File request, withdraw it and make sure no broadcast is sent
+        b = registerConnectivityBroadcast(1);
+        final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.requestNetwork(legacyRequest, callback);
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.AVAILABLE, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
+        b.expectNoBroadcast(800);  // 800ms long enough to at least flake if this is sent
+
+        // Disconnect the network and expect mobile disconnected broadcast.
+        b = expectConnectivityAction(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.DISCONNECTED);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        b.expectBroadcast();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLingering() throws Exception {
+        verifyNoNetwork();
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        assertNull(mCm.getActiveNetworkInfo());
+        assertNull(mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        // Test bringing up validated cellular.
+        ExpectedBroadcast b = expectConnectivityAction(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        b.expectBroadcast();
+        verifyActiveNetwork(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        assertLength(2, mCm.getAllNetworks());
+        assertTrue(mCm.getAllNetworks()[0].equals(mCm.getActiveNetwork()) ||
+                mCm.getAllNetworks()[1].equals(mCm.getActiveNetwork()));
+        assertTrue(mCm.getAllNetworks()[0].equals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork()) ||
+                mCm.getAllNetworks()[1].equals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork()));
+        // Test bringing up validated WiFi.
+        b = registerConnectivityBroadcast(2);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        b.expectBroadcast();
+        verifyActiveNetwork(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        assertLength(2, mCm.getAllNetworks());
+        assertTrue(mCm.getAllNetworks()[0].equals(mCm.getActiveNetwork()) ||
+                mCm.getAllNetworks()[1].equals(mCm.getActiveNetwork()));
+        assertTrue(mCm.getAllNetworks()[0].equals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork()) ||
+                mCm.getAllNetworks()[1].equals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork()));
+        // Test cellular linger timeout.
+        mCellNetworkAgent.expectDisconnected();
+        waitForIdle();
+        assertLength(1, mCm.getAllNetworks());
+        verifyActiveNetwork(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        assertLength(1, mCm.getAllNetworks());
+        assertEquals(mCm.getAllNetworks()[0], mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        // Test WiFi disconnect.
+        b = registerConnectivityBroadcast(1);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        b.expectBroadcast();
+        verifyNoNetwork();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verify a newly created network will be inactive instead of torn down even if no one is
+     * requesting.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testNewNetworkInactive() throws Exception {
+        // Create a callback that monitoring the testing network.
+        final TestNetworkCallback listenCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(new NetworkRequest.Builder().build(), listenCallback);
+
+        // 1. Create a network that is not requested by anyone, and does not satisfy any of the
+        // default requests. Verify that the network will be inactive instead of torn down.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connectWithoutInternet();
+        listenCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        listenCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // Verify that the network will be torn down after nascent expiry. A small period of time
+        // is added in case of flakiness.
+        final int nascentTimeoutMs =
+                mService.mNascentDelayMs + mService.mNascentDelayMs / 4;
+        listenCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent, nascentTimeoutMs);
+
+        // 2. Create a network that is satisfied by a request comes later.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connectWithoutInternet();
+        listenCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        final NetworkRequest wifiRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI).build();
+        final TestNetworkCallback wifiCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.requestNetwork(wifiRequest, wifiCallback);
+        wifiCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Verify that the network will be kept since the request is still satisfied. And is able
+        // to get disconnected as usual if the request is released after the nascent timer expires.
+        listenCallback.assertNoCallback(nascentTimeoutMs);
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(wifiCallback);
+        listenCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        // 3. Create a network that is satisfied by a request comes later.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connectWithoutInternet();
+        listenCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        mCm.requestNetwork(wifiRequest, wifiCallback);
+        wifiCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Verify that the network will still be torn down after the request gets removed.
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(wifiCallback);
+        listenCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        // There is no need to ensure that LOSING is never sent in the common case that the
+        // network immediately satisfies a request that was already present, because it is already
+        // verified anywhere whenever {@code TestNetworkCallback#expectAvailable*} is called.
+
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(listenCallback);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verify a newly created network will be inactive and switch to background if only background
+     * request is satisfied.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testNewNetworkInactive_bgNetwork() throws Exception {
+        // Create a callback that monitoring the wifi network.
+        final TestNetworkCallback wifiListenCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI).build(), wifiListenCallback);
+
+        // Create callbacks that can monitor background and foreground mobile networks.
+        // This is done by granting using background networks permission before registration. Thus,
+        // the service will not add {@code NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND} by default.
+        grantUsingBackgroundNetworksPermissionForUid(Binder.getCallingUid());
+        final TestNetworkCallback bgMobileListenCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final TestNetworkCallback fgMobileListenCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR).build(), bgMobileListenCallback);
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND).build(), fgMobileListenCallback);
+
+        // Connect wifi, which satisfies default request.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        wifiListenCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Connect a cellular network, verify that satisfies only the background callback.
+        setAlwaysOnNetworks(true);
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        bgMobileListenCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        fgMobileListenCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        assertFalse(isForegroundNetwork(mCellNetworkAgent));
+
+        mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        bgMobileListenCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        fgMobileListenCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(wifiListenCallback);
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(bgMobileListenCallback);
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(fgMobileListenCallback);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBinderDeathAfterUnregister() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkCapabilities caps = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                .build();
+        final Handler handler = new Handler(ConnectivityThread.getInstanceLooper());
+        final Messenger messenger = new Messenger(handler);
+        final CompletableFuture<Binder.DeathRecipient> deathRecipient = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        final Binder binder = new Binder() {
+            private DeathRecipient mDeathRecipient;
+            @Override
+            public void linkToDeath(@NonNull final DeathRecipient recipient, final int flags) {
+                synchronized (this) {
+                    mDeathRecipient = recipient;
+                }
+                super.linkToDeath(recipient, flags);
+                deathRecipient.complete(recipient);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public boolean unlinkToDeath(@NonNull final DeathRecipient recipient, final int flags) {
+                synchronized (this) {
+                    if (null == mDeathRecipient) {
+                        throw new IllegalStateException();
+                    }
+                    mDeathRecipient = null;
+                }
+                return super.unlinkToDeath(recipient, flags);
+            }
+        };
+        final NetworkRequest request = mService.listenForNetwork(caps, messenger, binder,
+                NetworkCallback.FLAG_NONE, mContext.getOpPackageName(),
+                mContext.getAttributionTag());
+        mService.releaseNetworkRequest(request);
+        deathRecipient.get().binderDied();
+        // Wait for the release message to be processed.
+        waitForIdle();
+        // After waitForIdle(), the message was processed and the service didn't crash.
+    }
+
+    // TODO : migrate to @Parameterized
+    @Test
+    public void testValidatedCellularOutscoresUnvalidatedWiFi_CanTimeShare() throws Exception {
+        // The behavior of this test should be the same whether the radio can time share or not.
+        doTestValidatedCellularOutscoresUnvalidatedWiFi(true);
+    }
+
+    // TODO : migrate to @Parameterized
+    @Test
+    public void testValidatedCellularOutscoresUnvalidatedWiFi_CannotTimeShare() throws Exception {
+        doTestValidatedCellularOutscoresUnvalidatedWiFi(false);
+    }
+
+    public void doTestValidatedCellularOutscoresUnvalidatedWiFi(
+            final boolean cellRadioTimesharingCapable) throws Exception {
+        mService.mCellularRadioTimesharingCapable = cellRadioTimesharingCapable;
+        // Test bringing up unvalidated WiFi
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        ExpectedBroadcast b = registerConnectivityBroadcast(1);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        b.expectBroadcast();
+        verifyActiveNetwork(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        // Test bringing up unvalidated cellular
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        waitForIdle();
+        verifyActiveNetwork(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        // Test cellular disconnect.
+        mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        waitForIdle();
+        verifyActiveNetwork(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        // Test bringing up validated cellular
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        b = registerConnectivityBroadcast(2);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        b.expectBroadcast();
+        verifyActiveNetwork(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        // Test cellular disconnect.
+        b = registerConnectivityBroadcast(2);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        b.expectBroadcast();
+        verifyActiveNetwork(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        // Test WiFi disconnect.
+        b = registerConnectivityBroadcast(1);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        b.expectBroadcast();
+        verifyNoNetwork();
+    }
+
+    // TODO : migrate to @Parameterized
+    @Test
+    public void testUnvalidatedWifiOutscoresUnvalidatedCellular_CanTimeShare() throws Exception {
+        doTestUnvalidatedWifiOutscoresUnvalidatedCellular(true);
+    }
+
+    // TODO : migrate to @Parameterized
+    @Test
+    public void testUnvalidatedWifiOutscoresUnvalidatedCellular_CannotTimeShare() throws Exception {
+        doTestUnvalidatedWifiOutscoresUnvalidatedCellular(false);
+    }
+
+    public void doTestUnvalidatedWifiOutscoresUnvalidatedCellular(
+            final boolean cellRadioTimesharingCapable) throws Exception {
+        mService.mCellularRadioTimesharingCapable = cellRadioTimesharingCapable;
+        // Test bringing up unvalidated cellular.
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        ExpectedBroadcast b = registerConnectivityBroadcast(1);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        b.expectBroadcast();
+        verifyActiveNetwork(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        // Test bringing up unvalidated WiFi.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        b = registerConnectivityBroadcast(2);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        b.expectBroadcast();
+        verifyActiveNetwork(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        // Test WiFi disconnect.
+        b = registerConnectivityBroadcast(2);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        b.expectBroadcast();
+        verifyActiveNetwork(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        // Test cellular disconnect.
+        b = registerConnectivityBroadcast(1);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        b.expectBroadcast();
+        verifyNoNetwork();
+    }
+
+    // TODO : migrate to @Parameterized
+    @Test
+    public void testUnlingeringDoesNotValidate_CanTimeShare() throws Exception {
+        doTestUnlingeringDoesNotValidate(true);
+    }
+
+    // TODO : migrate to @Parameterized
+    @Test
+    public void testUnlingeringDoesNotValidate_CannotTimeShare() throws Exception {
+        doTestUnlingeringDoesNotValidate(false);
+    }
+
+    public void doTestUnlingeringDoesNotValidate(
+            final boolean cellRadioTimesharingCapable) throws Exception {
+        mService.mCellularRadioTimesharingCapable = cellRadioTimesharingCapable;
+        // Test bringing up unvalidated WiFi.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        ExpectedBroadcast b = registerConnectivityBroadcast(1);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        b.expectBroadcast();
+        verifyActiveNetwork(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        assertFalse(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork()).hasCapability(
+                NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED));
+        // Test bringing up validated cellular.
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        b = registerConnectivityBroadcast(2);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        b.expectBroadcast();
+        verifyActiveNetwork(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        assertFalse(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork()).hasCapability(
+                NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED));
+        // Test cellular disconnect.
+        b = registerConnectivityBroadcast(2);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        b.expectBroadcast();
+        verifyActiveNetwork(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        // Unlingering a network should not cause it to be marked as validated.
+        assertFalse(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork()).hasCapability(
+                NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED));
+    }
+
+    // TODO : migrate to @Parameterized
+    @Test
+    public void testRequestMigrationToSameTransport_CanTimeShare() throws Exception {
+        // Simulate a device where the cell radio is capable of time sharing
+        mService.mCellularRadioTimesharingCapable = true;
+        doTestRequestMigrationToSameTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, true);
+        doTestRequestMigrationToSameTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI, true);
+        doTestRequestMigrationToSameTransport(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET, true);
+    }
+
+    // TODO : migrate to @Parameterized
+    @Test
+    public void testRequestMigrationToSameTransport_CannotTimeShare() throws Exception {
+        // Simulate a device where the cell radio is not capable of time sharing
+        mService.mCellularRadioTimesharingCapable = false;
+        doTestRequestMigrationToSameTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, false);
+        doTestRequestMigrationToSameTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI, true);
+        doTestRequestMigrationToSameTransport(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET, true);
+    }
+
+    public void doTestRequestMigrationToSameTransport(final int transport,
+            final boolean expectLingering) throws Exception {
+        // To speed up tests the linger delay is very short by default in tests but this
+        // test needs to make sure the delay is not incurred so a longer value is safer (it
+        // reduces the risk that a bug exists but goes undetected). The alarm manager in the test
+        // throws and crashes CS if this is set to anything more than the below constant though.
+        mService.mLingerDelayMs = UNREASONABLY_LONG_ALARM_WAIT_MS;
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback generalCb = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final TestNetworkCallback defaultCb = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(
+                new NetworkRequest.Builder().addTransportType(transport | transport).build(),
+                generalCb);
+        mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(defaultCb);
+
+        // Bring up net agent 1
+        final TestNetworkAgentWrapper net1 = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(transport);
+        net1.connect(true);
+        // Make sure the default request is on net 1
+        generalCb.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(net1);
+        defaultCb.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(net1);
+
+        // Bring up net 2 with primary and mms
+        final TestNetworkAgentWrapper net2 = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(transport);
+        net2.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_MMS);
+        net2.setScore(new NetworkScore.Builder().setTransportPrimary(true).build());
+        net2.connect(true);
+
+        // Make sure the default request goes to net 2
+        generalCb.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(net2);
+        if (expectLingering) {
+            generalCb.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOSING, net1);
+        }
+        generalCb.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED, net2);
+        defaultCb.expectAvailableDoubleValidatedCallbacks(net2);
+
+        // Make sure cell 1 is unwanted immediately if the radio can't time share, but only
+        // after some delay if it can.
+        if (expectLingering) {
+            net1.assertNotDisconnected(TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS); // always incurs the timeout
+            generalCb.assertNoCallback();
+            // assertNotDisconnected waited for TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS, so waiting for the
+            // linger period gives TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS time for the event to process.
+            net1.expectDisconnected(UNREASONABLY_LONG_ALARM_WAIT_MS);
+        } else {
+            net1.expectDisconnected(TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS);
+        }
+        net1.disconnect();
+        generalCb.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, net1);
+
+        // Remove primary from net 2
+        net2.setScore(new NetworkScore.Builder().build());
+        // Request MMS
+        final TestNetworkCallback mmsCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.requestNetwork(new NetworkRequest.Builder().addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_MMS).build(),
+                mmsCallback);
+        mmsCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(net2);
+
+        // Bring up net 3 with primary but without MMS
+        final TestNetworkAgentWrapper net3 = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(transport);
+        net3.setScore(new NetworkScore.Builder().setTransportPrimary(true).build());
+        net3.connect(true);
+
+        // Make sure default goes to net 3, but the MMS request doesn't
+        generalCb.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(net3);
+        defaultCb.expectAvailableDoubleValidatedCallbacks(net3);
+        mmsCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        net2.assertNotDisconnected(TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS); // Always incurs the timeout
+
+        // Revoke MMS request and make sure net 2 is torn down with the appropriate delay
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(mmsCallback);
+        if (expectLingering) {
+            // If the radio can time share, the linger delay hasn't elapsed yet, so apps will
+            // get LOSING. If the radio can't time share, this is a hard loss, since the last
+            // request keeping up this network has been removed and the network isn't lingering
+            // for any other request.
+            generalCb.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOSING, net2);
+            net2.assertNotDisconnected(TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS);
+            generalCb.assertNoCallback();
+            net2.expectDisconnected(UNREASONABLY_LONG_ALARM_WAIT_MS);
+        } else {
+            net2.expectDisconnected(TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS);
+        }
+        net2.disconnect();
+        generalCb.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, net2);
+        defaultCb.assertNoCallback();
+
+        net3.disconnect();
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(defaultCb);
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(generalCb);
+    }
+
+    // TODO : migrate to @Parameterized
+    @Test
+    public void testCellularOutscoresWeakWifi_CanTimeShare() throws Exception {
+        // The behavior of this test should be the same whether the radio can time share or not.
+        doTestCellularOutscoresWeakWifi(true);
+    }
+
+    // TODO : migrate to @Parameterized
+    @Test
+    public void testCellularOutscoresWeakWifi_CannotTimeShare() throws Exception {
+        doTestCellularOutscoresWeakWifi(false);
+    }
+
+    public void doTestCellularOutscoresWeakWifi(
+            final boolean cellRadioTimesharingCapable) throws Exception {
+        mService.mCellularRadioTimesharingCapable = cellRadioTimesharingCapable;
+        // Test bringing up validated cellular.
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        ExpectedBroadcast b = registerConnectivityBroadcast(1);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        b.expectBroadcast();
+        verifyActiveNetwork(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        // Test bringing up validated WiFi.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        b = registerConnectivityBroadcast(2);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        b.expectBroadcast();
+        verifyActiveNetwork(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        // Test WiFi getting really weak.
+        b = registerConnectivityBroadcast(2);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.adjustScore(-11);
+        b.expectBroadcast();
+        verifyActiveNetwork(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        // Test WiFi restoring signal strength.
+        b = registerConnectivityBroadcast(2);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.adjustScore(11);
+        b.expectBroadcast();
+        verifyActiveNetwork(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+    }
+
+    // TODO : migrate to @Parameterized
+    @Test
+    public void testReapingNetwork_CanTimeShare() throws Exception {
+        doTestReapingNetwork(true);
+    }
+
+    // TODO : migrate to @Parameterized
+    @Test
+    public void testReapingNetwork_CannotTimeShare() throws Exception {
+        doTestReapingNetwork(false);
+    }
+
+    public void doTestReapingNetwork(
+            final boolean cellRadioTimesharingCapable) throws Exception {
+        mService.mCellularRadioTimesharingCapable = cellRadioTimesharingCapable;
+        // Test bringing up WiFi without NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET.
+        // Expect it to be torn down immediately because it satisfies no requests.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connectWithoutInternet();
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.expectDisconnected();
+        // Test bringing up cellular without NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET.
+        // Expect it to be torn down immediately because it satisfies no requests.
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connectWithoutInternet();
+        mCellNetworkAgent.expectDisconnected();
+        // Test bringing up validated WiFi.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        final ExpectedBroadcast b = expectConnectivityAction(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        b.expectBroadcast();
+        verifyActiveNetwork(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        // Test bringing up unvalidated cellular.
+        // Expect it to be torn down because it could never be the highest scoring network
+        // satisfying the default request even if it validated.
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.expectDisconnected();
+        verifyActiveNetwork(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.expectDisconnected();
+    }
+
+    // TODO : migrate to @Parameterized
+    @Test
+    public void testCellularFallback_CanTimeShare() throws Exception {
+        doTestCellularFallback(true);
+    }
+
+    // TODO : migrate to @Parameterized
+    @Test
+    public void testCellularFallback_CannotTimeShare() throws Exception {
+        doTestCellularFallback(false);
+    }
+
+    public void doTestCellularFallback(
+            final boolean cellRadioTimesharingCapable) throws Exception {
+        mService.mCellularRadioTimesharingCapable = cellRadioTimesharingCapable;
+        // Test bringing up validated cellular.
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        ExpectedBroadcast b = registerConnectivityBroadcast(1);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        b.expectBroadcast();
+        verifyActiveNetwork(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        // Test bringing up validated WiFi.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        b = registerConnectivityBroadcast(2);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        b.expectBroadcast();
+        verifyActiveNetwork(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        // Reevaluate WiFi (it'll instantly fail DNS).
+        b = registerConnectivityBroadcast(2);
+        assertTrue(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork()).hasCapability(
+                NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED));
+        mCm.reportBadNetwork(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+        // Should quickly fall back to Cellular.
+        b.expectBroadcast();
+        assertFalse(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork()).hasCapability(
+                NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED));
+        verifyActiveNetwork(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        // Reevaluate cellular (it'll instantly fail DNS).
+        b = registerConnectivityBroadcast(2);
+        assertTrue(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork()).hasCapability(
+                NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED));
+        mCm.reportBadNetwork(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+        // Should quickly fall back to WiFi.
+        b.expectBroadcast();
+        assertFalse(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork()).hasCapability(
+                NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED));
+        assertFalse(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork()).hasCapability(
+                NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED));
+        verifyActiveNetwork(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+    }
+
+    // TODO : migrate to @Parameterized
+    @Test
+    public void testWiFiFallback_CanTimeShare() throws Exception {
+        doTestWiFiFallback(true);
+    }
+
+    // TODO : migrate to @Parameterized
+    @Test
+    public void testWiFiFallback_CannotTimeShare() throws Exception {
+        doTestWiFiFallback(false);
+    }
+
+    public void doTestWiFiFallback(
+            final boolean cellRadioTimesharingCapable) throws Exception {
+        mService.mCellularRadioTimesharingCapable = cellRadioTimesharingCapable;
+        // Test bringing up unvalidated WiFi.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        ExpectedBroadcast b = registerConnectivityBroadcast(1);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        b.expectBroadcast();
+        verifyActiveNetwork(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        // Test bringing up validated cellular.
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        b = registerConnectivityBroadcast(2);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        b.expectBroadcast();
+        verifyActiveNetwork(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        // Reevaluate cellular (it'll instantly fail DNS).
+        b = registerConnectivityBroadcast(2);
+        assertTrue(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork()).hasCapability(
+                NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED));
+        mCm.reportBadNetwork(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+        // Should quickly fall back to WiFi.
+        b.expectBroadcast();
+        assertFalse(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork()).hasCapability(
+                NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED));
+        verifyActiveNetwork(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRequiresValidation() {
+        assertTrue(NetworkMonitorUtils.isValidationRequired(
+                mCm.getDefaultRequest().networkCapabilities));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Utility NetworkCallback for testing. The caller must explicitly test for all the callbacks
+     * this class receives, by calling expectCallback() exactly once each time a callback is
+     * received. assertNoCallback may be called at any time.
+     */
+    private class TestNetworkCallback extends TestableNetworkCallback {
+        TestNetworkCallback() {
+            super(TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void assertNoCallback() {
+            // TODO: better support this use case in TestableNetworkCallback
+            waitForIdle();
+            assertNoCallback(0 /* timeout */);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public <T extends CallbackEntry> T expectCallback(final KClass<T> type, final HasNetwork n,
+                final long timeoutMs) {
+            final T callback = super.expectCallback(type, n, timeoutMs);
+            if (callback instanceof CallbackEntry.Losing) {
+                // TODO : move this to the specific test(s) needing this rather than here.
+                final CallbackEntry.Losing losing = (CallbackEntry.Losing) callback;
+                final int maxMsToLive = losing.getMaxMsToLive();
+                String msg = String.format(
+                        "Invalid linger time value %d, must be between %d and %d",
+                        maxMsToLive, 0, mService.mLingerDelayMs);
+                assertTrue(msg, 0 <= maxMsToLive && maxMsToLive <= mService.mLingerDelayMs);
+            }
+            return callback;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Can't be part of TestNetworkCallback because "cannot be declared static; static methods can
+    // only be declared in a static or top level type".
+    static void assertNoCallbacks(TestNetworkCallback ... callbacks) {
+        for (TestNetworkCallback c : callbacks) {
+            c.assertNoCallback();
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void expectOnLost(TestNetworkAgentWrapper network, TestNetworkCallback ... callbacks) {
+        for (TestNetworkCallback c : callbacks) {
+            c.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, network);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidatedWithSpecifier(TestNetworkAgentWrapper network,
+            NetworkSpecifier specifier, TestNetworkCallback ... callbacks) {
+        for (TestNetworkCallback c : callbacks) {
+            c.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.AVAILABLE, network);
+            c.expectCapabilitiesThat(network, (nc) ->
+                    !nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED)
+                            && Objects.equals(specifier, nc.getNetworkSpecifier()));
+            c.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LINK_PROPERTIES_CHANGED, network);
+            c.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.BLOCKED_STATUS, network);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStateChangeNetworkCallbacks() throws Exception {
+        final TestNetworkCallback genericNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final TestNetworkCallback wifiNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final TestNetworkCallback cellNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest genericRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .clearCapabilities().build();
+        final NetworkRequest wifiRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI).build();
+        final NetworkRequest cellRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR).build();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(genericRequest, genericNetworkCallback);
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(wifiRequest, wifiNetworkCallback);
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(cellRequest, cellNetworkCallback);
+
+        // Test unvalidated networks
+        ExpectedBroadcast b = registerConnectivityBroadcast(1);
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        genericNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        cellNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        b.expectBroadcast();
+        assertNoCallbacks(genericNetworkCallback, wifiNetworkCallback, cellNetworkCallback);
+
+        // This should not trigger spurious onAvailable() callbacks, b/21762680.
+        mCellNetworkAgent.adjustScore(-1);
+        waitForIdle();
+        assertNoCallbacks(genericNetworkCallback, wifiNetworkCallback, cellNetworkCallback);
+        assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        b = registerConnectivityBroadcast(2);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        genericNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        wifiNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        b.expectBroadcast();
+        assertNoCallbacks(genericNetworkCallback, wifiNetworkCallback, cellNetworkCallback);
+
+        b = registerConnectivityBroadcast(2);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        genericNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        wifiNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        cellNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        b.expectBroadcast();
+        assertNoCallbacks(genericNetworkCallback, wifiNetworkCallback, cellNetworkCallback);
+
+        b = registerConnectivityBroadcast(1);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        genericNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        cellNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        b.expectBroadcast();
+        assertNoCallbacks(genericNetworkCallback, wifiNetworkCallback, cellNetworkCallback);
+
+        // Test validated networks
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        genericNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        cellNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertNoCallbacks(genericNetworkCallback, wifiNetworkCallback, cellNetworkCallback);
+
+        // This should not trigger spurious onAvailable() callbacks, b/21762680.
+        mCellNetworkAgent.adjustScore(-1);
+        waitForIdle();
+        assertNoCallbacks(genericNetworkCallback, wifiNetworkCallback, cellNetworkCallback);
+        assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        genericNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        genericNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOSING, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        genericNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        wifiNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        cellNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOSING, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertNoCallbacks(genericNetworkCallback, wifiNetworkCallback, cellNetworkCallback);
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        genericNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        wifiNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        assertNoCallbacks(genericNetworkCallback, wifiNetworkCallback, cellNetworkCallback);
+
+        mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        genericNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        cellNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        assertNoCallbacks(genericNetworkCallback, wifiNetworkCallback, cellNetworkCallback);
+    }
+
+    private void doNetworkCallbacksSanitizationTest(boolean sanitized) throws Exception {
+        final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final TestNetworkCallback defaultCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest wifiRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI).build();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(wifiRequest, callback);
+        mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(defaultCallback);
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        final LinkProperties newLp = new LinkProperties();
+        final Uri capportUrl = Uri.parse("https://capport.example.com/api");
+        final CaptivePortalData capportData = new CaptivePortalData.Builder()
+                .setCaptive(true).build();
+
+        final Uri expectedCapportUrl = sanitized ? null : capportUrl;
+        newLp.setCaptivePortalApiUrl(capportUrl);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(newLp);
+        callback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mWiFiNetworkAgent, lp ->
+                Objects.equals(expectedCapportUrl, lp.getCaptivePortalApiUrl()));
+        defaultCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mWiFiNetworkAgent, lp ->
+                Objects.equals(expectedCapportUrl, lp.getCaptivePortalApiUrl()));
+
+        final CaptivePortalData expectedCapportData = sanitized ? null : capportData;
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.notifyCapportApiDataChanged(capportData);
+        callback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mWiFiNetworkAgent, lp ->
+                Objects.equals(expectedCapportData, lp.getCaptivePortalData()));
+        defaultCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mWiFiNetworkAgent, lp ->
+                Objects.equals(expectedCapportData, lp.getCaptivePortalData()));
+
+        final LinkProperties lp = mCm.getLinkProperties(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+        assertEquals(expectedCapportUrl, lp.getCaptivePortalApiUrl());
+        assertEquals(expectedCapportData, lp.getCaptivePortalData());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void networkCallbacksSanitizationTest_Sanitize() throws Exception {
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+                PERMISSION_DENIED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_DENIED);
+        doNetworkCallbacksSanitizationTest(true /* sanitized */);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void networkCallbacksSanitizationTest_NoSanitize_NetworkStack() throws Exception {
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+                PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_DENIED);
+        doNetworkCallbacksSanitizationTest(false /* sanitized */);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void networkCallbacksSanitizationTest_NoSanitize_Settings() throws Exception {
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+                PERMISSION_DENIED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        doNetworkCallbacksSanitizationTest(false /* sanitized */);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOwnerUidCannotChange() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkCapabilities ncTemplate = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        final int originalOwnerUid = Process.myUid();
+        ncTemplate.setOwnerUid(originalOwnerUid);
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI, new LinkProperties(),
+                ncTemplate);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        // Send ConnectivityService an update to the mWiFiNetworkAgent's capabilities that changes
+        // the owner UID and an unrelated capability.
+        NetworkCapabilities agentCapabilities = mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetworkCapabilities();
+        assertEquals(originalOwnerUid, agentCapabilities.getOwnerUid());
+        agentCapabilities.setOwnerUid(42);
+        assertFalse(agentCapabilities.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED));
+        agentCapabilities.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkCapabilities(agentCapabilities, true);
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        // Owner UIDs are not visible without location permission.
+        setupLocationPermissions(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q, true, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_FINE_LOCATION,
+                Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
+
+        // Check that the capability change has been applied but the owner UID is not modified.
+        NetworkCapabilities nc = mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+        assertEquals(originalOwnerUid, nc.getOwnerUid());
+        assertTrue(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMultipleLingering() throws Exception {
+        // This test would be flaky with the default 120ms timer: that is short enough that
+        // lingered networks are torn down before assertions can be run. We don't want to mock the
+        // lingering timer to keep the WakeupMessage logic realistic: this has already proven useful
+        // in detecting races.
+        mService.mLingerDelayMs = 300;
+
+        NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .clearCapabilities().addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
+                .build();
+        TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(request, callback);
+
+        TestNetworkCallback defaultCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(defaultCallback);
+
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mEthernetNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET);
+
+        mCellNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        mEthernetNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        callback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertEquals(defaultCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        // We get AVAILABLE on wifi when wifi connects and satisfies our unmetered request.
+        // We then get LOSING when wifi validates and cell is outscored.
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        // TODO: Investigate sending validated before losing.
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOSING, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableDoubleValidatedCallbacks(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertEquals(defaultCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        mEthernetNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mEthernetNetworkAgent);
+        // TODO: Investigate sending validated before losing.
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOSING, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED, mEthernetNetworkAgent);
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableDoubleValidatedCallbacks(mEthernetNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(mEthernetNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertEquals(defaultCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        mEthernetNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mEthernetNetworkAgent);
+        defaultCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mEthernetNetworkAgent);
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(defaultCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            TestNetworkAgentWrapper oldNetwork, newNetwork;
+            if (i % 2 == 0) {
+                mWiFiNetworkAgent.adjustScore(-15);
+                oldNetwork = mWiFiNetworkAgent;
+                newNetwork = mCellNetworkAgent;
+            } else {
+                mWiFiNetworkAgent.adjustScore(15);
+                oldNetwork = mCellNetworkAgent;
+                newNetwork = mWiFiNetworkAgent;
+
+            }
+            callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOSING, oldNetwork);
+            // TODO: should we send an AVAILABLE callback to newNetwork, to indicate that it is no
+            // longer lingering?
+            defaultCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(newNetwork);
+            assertEquals(newNetwork.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        }
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        // Verify that if a network no longer satisfies a request, we send LOST and not LOSING, even
+        // if the network is still up.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        // We expect a notification about the capabilities change, and nothing else.
+        defaultCallback.expectCapabilitiesWithout(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        defaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(defaultCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        // Wifi no longer satisfies our listen, which is for an unmetered network.
+        // But because its score is 55, it's still up (and the default network).
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        // Disconnect our test networks.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        defaultCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(defaultCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        defaultCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        waitForIdle();
+        assertEquals(null, mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        // Check that a network is only lingered or torn down if it would not satisfy a request even
+        // if it validated.
+        request = new NetworkRequest.Builder().clearCapabilities().build();
+        callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(request, callback);
+
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(false);   // Score: 10
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertEquals(defaultCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        // Bring up wifi with a score of 20.
+        // Cell stays up because it would satisfy the default request if it validated.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);   // Score: 20
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertEquals(defaultCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        defaultCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertEquals(defaultCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        // Bring up wifi, then validate it. Previous versions would immediately tear down cell, but
+        // it's arguably correct to linger it, since it was the default network before it validated.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        // TODO: Investigate sending validated before losing.
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOSING, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertEquals(defaultCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        defaultCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        defaultCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        waitForIdle();
+        assertEquals(null, mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        // If a network is lingering, and we add and remove a request from it, resume lingering.
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        callback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(defaultCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableDoubleValidatedCallbacks(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        // TODO: Investigate sending validated before losing.
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOSING, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(defaultCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        NetworkRequest cellRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR).build();
+        NetworkCallback noopCallback = new NetworkCallback();
+        mCm.requestNetwork(cellRequest, noopCallback);
+        // TODO: should this cause an AVAILABLE callback, to indicate that the network is no longer
+        // lingering?
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(noopCallback);
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOSING, mCellNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Similar to the above: lingering can start even after the lingered request is removed.
+        // Disconnect wifi and switch to cell.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        defaultCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(defaultCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        // Cell is now the default network. Pin it with a cell-specific request.
+        noopCallback = new NetworkCallback();  // Can't reuse NetworkCallbacks. http://b/20701525
+        mCm.requestNetwork(cellRequest, noopCallback);
+
+        // Now connect wifi, and expect it to become the default network.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        callback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableDoubleValidatedCallbacks(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(defaultCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        // The default request is lingering on cell, but nothing happens to cell, and we send no
+        // callbacks for it, because it's kept up by cellRequest.
+        callback.assertNoCallback();
+        // Now unregister cellRequest and expect cell to start lingering.
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(noopCallback);
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOSING, mCellNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Let linger run its course.
+        callback.assertNoCallback();
+        final int lingerTimeoutMs = mService.mLingerDelayMs + mService.mLingerDelayMs / 4;
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent, lingerTimeoutMs);
+
+        // Register a TRACK_DEFAULT request and check that it does not affect lingering.
+        TestNetworkCallback trackDefaultCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(trackDefaultCallback);
+        trackDefaultCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        mEthernetNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET);
+        mEthernetNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mEthernetNetworkAgent);
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOSING, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED, mEthernetNetworkAgent);
+        trackDefaultCallback.expectAvailableDoubleValidatedCallbacks(mEthernetNetworkAgent);
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableDoubleValidatedCallbacks(mEthernetNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(defaultCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        // Let linger run its course.
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent, lingerTimeoutMs);
+
+        // Clean up.
+        mEthernetNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mEthernetNetworkAgent);
+        defaultCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mEthernetNetworkAgent);
+        trackDefaultCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mEthernetNetworkAgent);
+
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(defaultCallback);
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(trackDefaultCallback);
+    }
+
+    private void grantUsingBackgroundNetworksPermissionForUid(final int uid) throws Exception {
+        grantUsingBackgroundNetworksPermissionForUid(uid, mContext.getPackageName());
+    }
+
+    private void grantUsingBackgroundNetworksPermissionForUid(
+            final int uid, final String packageName) throws Exception {
+        doReturn(buildPackageInfo(true /* hasSystemPermission */, uid)).when(mPackageManager)
+                .getPackageInfo(eq(packageName), eq(GET_PERMISSIONS));
+        mService.mPermissionMonitor.onPackageAdded(packageName, uid);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkGoesIntoBackgroundAfterLinger() throws Exception {
+        setAlwaysOnNetworks(true);
+        grantUsingBackgroundNetworksPermissionForUid(Binder.getCallingUid());
+        NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .clearCapabilities()
+                .build();
+        TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(request, callback);
+
+        TestNetworkCallback defaultCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(defaultCallback);
+
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        callback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Wifi comes up and cell lingers.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableDoubleValidatedCallbacks(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOSING, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        // File a request for cellular, then release it.
+        NetworkRequest cellRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR).build();
+        NetworkCallback noopCallback = new NetworkCallback();
+        mCm.requestNetwork(cellRequest, noopCallback);
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(noopCallback);
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOSING, mCellNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Let linger run its course.
+        callback.assertNoCallback();
+        final int lingerTimeoutMs = TEST_LINGER_DELAY_MS + TEST_LINGER_DELAY_MS / 4;
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesWithout(NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND, mCellNetworkAgent,
+                lingerTimeoutMs);
+
+        // Clean up.
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(defaultCallback);
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
+    }
+
+    private NativeNetworkConfig nativeNetworkConfigPhysical(int netId, int permission) {
+        return new NativeNetworkConfig(netId, NativeNetworkType.PHYSICAL, permission,
+                /*secure=*/ false, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_NONE, /*excludeLocalRoutes=*/ false);
+    }
+
+    private NativeNetworkConfig nativeNetworkConfigVpn(int netId, boolean secure, int vpnType) {
+        return new NativeNetworkConfig(netId, NativeNetworkType.VIRTUAL, INetd.PERMISSION_NONE,
+                secure, vpnType, /*excludeLocalRoutes=*/ false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkAgentCallbacks() throws Exception {
+        // Keeps track of the order of events that happen in this test.
+        final LinkedBlockingQueue<String> eventOrder = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();
+
+        final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI).build();
+        final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final AtomicReference<Network> wifiNetwork = new AtomicReference<>();
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+
+        // Expectations for state when various callbacks fire. These expectations run on the handler
+        // thread and not on the test thread because they need to prevent the handler thread from
+        // advancing while they examine state.
+
+        // 1. When onCreated fires, netd has been told to create the network.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setCreatedCallback(() -> {
+            eventOrder.offer("onNetworkCreated");
+            wifiNetwork.set(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+            assertNotNull(wifiNetwork.get());
+            try {
+                verify(mMockNetd).networkCreate(nativeNetworkConfigPhysical(
+                        wifiNetwork.get().getNetId(), INetd.PERMISSION_NONE));
+            } catch (RemoteException impossible) {
+                fail();
+            }
+        });
+
+        // 2. onNetworkUnwanted isn't precisely ordered with respect to any particular events. Just
+        //    check that it is fired at some point after disconnect.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setUnwantedCallback(() -> eventOrder.offer("onNetworkUnwanted"));
+
+        // 3. While the teardown timer is running, connectivity APIs report the network is gone, but
+        //    netd has not yet been told to destroy it.
+        final Runnable duringTeardown = () -> {
+            eventOrder.offer("timePasses");
+            assertNull(mCm.getLinkProperties(wifiNetwork.get()));
+            try {
+                verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkDestroy(wifiNetwork.get().getNetId());
+            } catch (RemoteException impossible) {
+                fail();
+            }
+        };
+
+        // 4. After onNetworkDisconnected is called, connectivity APIs report the network is gone,
+        // and netd has been told to destroy it.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setDisconnectedCallback(() -> {
+            eventOrder.offer("onNetworkDisconnected");
+            assertNull(mCm.getLinkProperties(wifiNetwork.get()));
+            try {
+                verify(mMockNetd).networkDestroy(wifiNetwork.get().getNetId());
+            } catch (RemoteException impossible) {
+                fail();
+            }
+        });
+
+        // Connect a network, and file a request for it after it has come up, to ensure the nascent
+        // timer is cleared and the test does not have to wait for it. Filing the request after the
+        // network has come up is necessary because ConnectivityService does not appear to clear the
+        // nascent timer if the first request satisfied by the network was filed before the network
+        // connected.
+        // TODO: fix this bug, file the request before connecting, and remove the waitForIdle.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connectWithoutInternet();
+        waitForIdle();
+        mCm.requestNetwork(request, callback);
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Set teardown delay and make sure CS has processed it.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetworkAgent().setTeardownDelayMillis(300);
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        // Post the duringTeardown lambda to the handler so it fires while teardown is in progress.
+        // The delay must be long enough it will run after the unregisterNetworkCallback has torn
+        // down the network and started the teardown timer, and short enough that the lambda is
+        // scheduled to run before the teardown timer.
+        final Handler h = new Handler(mCsHandlerThread.getLooper());
+        h.postDelayed(duringTeardown, 150);
+
+        // Disconnect the network and check that events happened in the right order.
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
+        assertEquals("onNetworkCreated", eventOrder.poll(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+        assertEquals("onNetworkUnwanted", eventOrder.poll(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+        assertEquals("timePasses", eventOrder.poll(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+        assertEquals("onNetworkDisconnected", eventOrder.poll(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExplicitlySelected() throws Exception {
+        NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .clearCapabilities().addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .build();
+        TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(request, callback);
+
+        // Bring up validated cell.
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        callback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Bring up unvalidated wifi with explicitlySelected=true.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.explicitlySelected(true, false);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Cell Remains the default.
+        assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        // Lower wifi's score to below than cell, and check that it doesn't disconnect because
+        // it's explicitly selected.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.adjustScore(-40);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.adjustScore(40);
+        callback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // If the user chooses yes on the "No Internet access, stay connected?" dialog, we switch to
+        // wifi even though it's unvalidated.
+        mCm.setAcceptUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), true, false);
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOSING, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        // Disconnect wifi, and then reconnect, again with explicitlySelected=true.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.explicitlySelected(true, false);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        // If the user chooses no on the "No Internet access, stay connected?" dialog, we ask the
+        // network to disconnect.
+        mCm.setAcceptUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), false, false);
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Reconnect, again with explicitlySelected=true, but this time validate.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.explicitlySelected(true, false);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOSING, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        mEthernetNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET);
+        mEthernetNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mEthernetNetworkAgent);
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOSING, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED, mEthernetNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(mEthernetNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        callback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // Disconnect wifi, and then reconnect as if the user had selected "yes, don't ask again"
+        // (i.e., with explicitlySelected=true and acceptUnvalidated=true). Expect to switch to
+        // wifi immediately.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.explicitlySelected(true, true);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOSING, mEthernetNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        mEthernetNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mEthernetNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Disconnect and reconnect with explicitlySelected=false and acceptUnvalidated=true.
+        // Check that the network is not scored specially and that the device prefers cell data.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.explicitlySelected(false, true);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        // Clean up.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+    }
+
+    private void tryNetworkFactoryRequests(int capability) throws Exception {
+        // Verify NOT_RESTRICTED is set appropriately
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkRequest.Builder().addCapability(capability)
+                .build().networkCapabilities;
+        if (capability == NET_CAPABILITY_CBS || capability == NET_CAPABILITY_DUN
+                || capability == NET_CAPABILITY_EIMS || capability == NET_CAPABILITY_FOTA
+                || capability == NET_CAPABILITY_IA || capability == NET_CAPABILITY_IMS
+                || capability == NET_CAPABILITY_RCS || capability == NET_CAPABILITY_XCAP
+                || capability == NET_CAPABILITY_VSIM || capability == NET_CAPABILITY_BIP
+                || capability == NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE || capability == NET_CAPABILITY_MMTEL) {
+            assertFalse(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED));
+        } else {
+            assertTrue(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED));
+        }
+
+        NetworkCapabilities filter = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        filter.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        filter.addCapability(capability);
+        // Add NOT_VCN_MANAGED capability into filter unconditionally since some requests will add
+        // NOT_VCN_MANAGED automatically but not for NetworkCapabilities,
+        // see {@code NetworkCapabilities#deduceNotVcnManagedCapability} for more details.
+        filter.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED);
+        final HandlerThread handlerThread = new HandlerThread("testNetworkFactoryRequests");
+        handlerThread.start();
+        final MockNetworkFactory testFactory = new MockNetworkFactory(handlerThread.getLooper(),
+                mServiceContext, "testFactory", filter, mCsHandlerThread);
+        testFactory.setScoreFilter(45);
+        testFactory.register();
+
+        final NetworkCallback networkCallback;
+        if (capability != NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET) {
+            // If the capability passed in argument is part of the default request, then the
+            // factory will see the default request. Otherwise the filter will prevent the
+            // factory from seeing it. In that case, add a request so it can be tested.
+            assertFalse(testFactory.getMyStartRequested());
+            NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder().addCapability(capability).build();
+            networkCallback = new NetworkCallback();
+            mCm.requestNetwork(request, networkCallback);
+        } else {
+            networkCallback = null;
+        }
+        testFactory.expectRequestAdd();
+        testFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(1);
+        assertTrue(testFactory.getMyStartRequested());
+
+        // Now bring in a higher scored network.
+        TestNetworkAgentWrapper testAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        // When testAgent connects, because of its score (50 legacy int / cell transport)
+        // it will beat or equal the testFactory's offer, so the request will be removed.
+        // Note the agent as validated only if the capability is INTERNET, as it's the only case
+        // where it makes sense.
+        testAgent.connect(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET == capability /* validated */);
+        testAgent.addCapability(capability);
+        testFactory.expectRequestRemove();
+        testFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(0);
+        assertFalse(testFactory.getMyStartRequested());
+
+        // Add a request and make sure it's not sent to the factory, because the agent
+        // is satisfying it better.
+        final NetworkCallback cb = new ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback();
+        mCm.requestNetwork(new NetworkRequest.Builder().addCapability(capability).build(), cb);
+        expectNoRequestChanged(testFactory);
+        testFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(0);
+        assertFalse(testFactory.getMyStartRequested());
+
+        // If using legacy scores, make the test agent weak enough to have the exact same score as
+        // the factory (50 for cell - 5 adjustment). Make sure the factory doesn't see the request.
+        // If not using legacy score, this is a no-op and the "same score removes request" behavior
+        // has already been tested above.
+        testAgent.adjustScore(-5);
+        expectNoRequestChanged(testFactory);
+        assertFalse(testFactory.getMyStartRequested());
+
+        // Make the test agent weak enough that the factory will see the two requests (the one that
+        // was just sent, and either the default one or the one sent at the top of this test if
+        // the default won't be seen).
+        testAgent.setScore(new NetworkScore.Builder().setLegacyInt(2).setExiting(true).build());
+        testFactory.expectRequestAdds(2);
+        testFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(2);
+        assertTrue(testFactory.getMyStartRequested());
+
+        // Now unregister and make sure the request is removed.
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cb);
+        testFactory.expectRequestRemove();
+
+        // Bring in a bunch of requests.
+        assertEquals(1, testFactory.getMyRequestCount());
+        ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback[] networkCallbacks =
+                new ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback[10];
+        for (int i = 0; i< networkCallbacks.length; i++) {
+            networkCallbacks[i] = new ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback();
+            NetworkRequest.Builder builder = new NetworkRequest.Builder();
+            builder.addCapability(capability);
+            mCm.requestNetwork(builder.build(), networkCallbacks[i]);
+        }
+        testFactory.expectRequestAdds(10);
+        testFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(11); // +1 for the default/test specific request
+        assertTrue(testFactory.getMyStartRequested());
+
+        // Remove the requests.
+        for (int i = 0; i < networkCallbacks.length; i++) {
+            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallbacks[i]);
+        }
+        testFactory.expectRequestRemoves(10);
+        testFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(1);
+        assertTrue(testFactory.getMyStartRequested());
+
+        // Adjust the agent score up again. Expect the request to be withdrawn.
+        testAgent.setScore(new NetworkScore.Builder().setLegacyInt(50).build());
+        testFactory.expectRequestRemove();
+        testFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(0);
+        assertFalse(testFactory.getMyStartRequested());
+
+        // Drop the higher scored network.
+        testAgent.disconnect();
+        testFactory.expectRequestAdd();
+        testFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(1);
+        assertEquals(1, testFactory.getMyRequestCount());
+        assertTrue(testFactory.getMyStartRequested());
+
+        testFactory.terminate();
+        testFactory.assertNoRequestChanged();
+        if (networkCallback != null) mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
+        handlerThread.quit();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkFactoryRequests() throws Exception {
+        tryNetworkFactoryRequests(NET_CAPABILITY_MMS);
+        tryNetworkFactoryRequests(NET_CAPABILITY_SUPL);
+        tryNetworkFactoryRequests(NET_CAPABILITY_DUN);
+        tryNetworkFactoryRequests(NET_CAPABILITY_FOTA);
+        tryNetworkFactoryRequests(NET_CAPABILITY_IMS);
+        tryNetworkFactoryRequests(NET_CAPABILITY_CBS);
+        tryNetworkFactoryRequests(NET_CAPABILITY_WIFI_P2P);
+        tryNetworkFactoryRequests(NET_CAPABILITY_IA);
+        tryNetworkFactoryRequests(NET_CAPABILITY_RCS);
+        tryNetworkFactoryRequests(NET_CAPABILITY_MMTEL);
+        tryNetworkFactoryRequests(NET_CAPABILITY_XCAP);
+        tryNetworkFactoryRequests(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE);
+        tryNetworkFactoryRequests(NET_CAPABILITY_EIMS);
+        tryNetworkFactoryRequests(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        tryNetworkFactoryRequests(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
+        tryNetworkFactoryRequests(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED);
+        tryNetworkFactoryRequests(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN);
+        tryNetworkFactoryRequests(NET_CAPABILITY_VSIM);
+        tryNetworkFactoryRequests(NET_CAPABILITY_BIP);
+        // Skipping VALIDATED and CAPTIVE_PORTAL as they're disallowed.
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRegisterIgnoringScore() throws Exception {
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setScore(new NetworkScore.Builder().setLegacyInt(90).build());
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true /* validated */);
+
+        // Make sure the factory sees the default network
+        final NetworkCapabilities filter = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        filter.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        filter.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
+        filter.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED);
+        final HandlerThread handlerThread = new HandlerThread("testNetworkFactoryRequests");
+        handlerThread.start();
+        final MockNetworkFactory testFactory = new MockNetworkFactory(handlerThread.getLooper(),
+                mServiceContext, "testFactory", filter, mCsHandlerThread);
+        testFactory.register();
+
+        final MockNetworkFactory testFactoryAll = new MockNetworkFactory(handlerThread.getLooper(),
+                mServiceContext, "testFactoryAll", filter, mCsHandlerThread);
+        testFactoryAll.registerIgnoringScore();
+
+        // The regular test factory should not see the request, because WiFi is stronger than cell.
+        expectNoRequestChanged(testFactory);
+        // With ignoringScore though the request is seen.
+        testFactoryAll.expectRequestAdd();
+
+        // The legacy int will be ignored anyway, set the only other knob to true
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setScore(new NetworkScore.Builder().setLegacyInt(110)
+                .setTransportPrimary(true).build());
+
+        expectNoRequestChanged(testFactory); // still not seeing the request
+        expectNoRequestChanged(testFactoryAll); // still seeing the request
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkFactoryUnregister() throws Exception {
+        // Make sure the factory sees the default network
+        final NetworkCapabilities filter = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        filter.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
+        filter.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED);
+
+        final HandlerThread handlerThread = new HandlerThread("testNetworkFactoryRequests");
+        handlerThread.start();
+
+        // Checks that calling setScoreFilter on a NetworkFactory immediately before closing it
+        // does not crash.
+        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+            final MockNetworkFactory testFactory = new MockNetworkFactory(handlerThread.getLooper(),
+                    mServiceContext, "testFactory", filter, mCsHandlerThread);
+            // Register the factory and don't be surprised when the default request arrives.
+            testFactory.register();
+            testFactory.expectRequestAdd();
+
+            testFactory.setScoreFilter(42);
+            testFactory.terminate();
+            testFactory.assertNoRequestChanged();
+
+            if (i % 2 == 0) {
+                try {
+                    testFactory.register();
+                    fail("Re-registering terminated NetworkFactory should throw");
+                } catch (IllegalStateException expected) {
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        handlerThread.quit();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNoMutableNetworkRequests() throws Exception {
+        final PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(
+                mContext, 0 /* requestCode */, new Intent("a"), FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
+        final NetworkRequest request1 = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED)
+                .build();
+        final NetworkRequest request2 = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL)
+                .build();
+
+        final Class<IllegalArgumentException> expected = IllegalArgumentException.class;
+        assertThrows(expected, () -> mCm.requestNetwork(request1, new NetworkCallback()));
+        assertThrows(expected, () -> mCm.requestNetwork(request1, pendingIntent));
+        assertThrows(expected, () -> mCm.requestNetwork(request2, new NetworkCallback()));
+        assertThrows(expected, () -> mCm.requestNetwork(request2, pendingIntent));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNoAllowedUidsInNetworkRequests() throws Exception {
+        final PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(
+                mContext, 0 /* requestCode */, new Intent("a"), FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
+        final NetworkRequest r = new NetworkRequest.Builder().build();
+        final ArraySet<Integer> allowedUids = new ArraySet<>();
+        allowedUids.add(6);
+        allowedUids.add(9);
+        r.networkCapabilities.setAllowedUids(allowedUids);
+
+        final Handler handler = new Handler(ConnectivityThread.getInstanceLooper());
+        final NetworkCallback cb = new NetworkCallback();
+
+        final Class<IllegalArgumentException> expected = IllegalArgumentException.class;
+        assertThrows(expected, () -> mCm.requestNetwork(r, cb));
+        assertThrows(expected, () -> mCm.requestNetwork(r, pendingIntent));
+        assertThrows(expected, () -> mCm.registerNetworkCallback(r, cb));
+        assertThrows(expected, () -> mCm.registerNetworkCallback(r, cb, handler));
+        assertThrows(expected, () -> mCm.registerNetworkCallback(r, pendingIntent));
+        assertThrows(expected, () -> mCm.registerBestMatchingNetworkCallback(r, cb, handler));
+
+        // Make sure that resetting the access UIDs to the empty set will allow calling
+        // requestNetwork and registerNetworkCallback.
+        r.networkCapabilities.setAllowedUids(Collections.emptySet());
+        mCm.requestNetwork(r, cb);
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cb);
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(r, cb);
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cb);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMMSonWiFi() throws Exception {
+        // Test bringing up cellular without MMS NetworkRequest gets reaped
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_MMS);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connectWithoutInternet();
+        mCellNetworkAgent.expectDisconnected();
+        waitForIdle();
+        assertEmpty(mCm.getAllNetworks());
+        verifyNoNetwork();
+
+        // Test bringing up validated WiFi.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        final ExpectedBroadcast b = expectConnectivityAction(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        b.expectBroadcast();
+        verifyActiveNetwork(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+
+        // Register MMS NetworkRequest
+        NetworkRequest.Builder builder = new NetworkRequest.Builder();
+        builder.addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_MMS);
+        final TestNetworkCallback networkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.requestNetwork(builder.build(), networkCallback);
+
+        // Test bringing up unvalidated cellular with MMS
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_MMS);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connectWithoutInternet();
+        networkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        verifyActiveNetwork(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+
+        // Test releasing NetworkRequest disconnects cellular with MMS
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.expectDisconnected();
+        verifyActiveNetwork(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMMSonCell() throws Exception {
+        // Test bringing up cellular without MMS
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        ExpectedBroadcast b = expectConnectivityAction(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        b.expectBroadcast();
+        verifyActiveNetwork(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+
+        // Register MMS NetworkRequest
+        NetworkRequest.Builder builder = new NetworkRequest.Builder();
+        builder.addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_MMS);
+        final TestNetworkCallback networkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.requestNetwork(builder.build(), networkCallback);
+
+        // Test bringing up MMS cellular network
+        TestNetworkAgentWrapper
+                mmsNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mmsNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_MMS);
+        mmsNetworkAgent.connectWithoutInternet();
+        networkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mmsNetworkAgent);
+        verifyActiveNetwork(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+
+        // Test releasing MMS NetworkRequest does not disconnect main cellular NetworkAgent
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
+        mmsNetworkAgent.expectDisconnected();
+        verifyActiveNetwork(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPartialConnectivity() throws Exception {
+        // Register network callback.
+        NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .clearCapabilities().addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .build();
+        TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(request, callback);
+
+        // Bring up validated mobile data.
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        callback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Bring up wifi with partial connectivity.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connectWithPartialConnectivity();
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Mobile data should be the default network.
+        assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        callback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // With HTTPS probe disabled, NetworkMonitor should pass the network validation with http
+        // probe.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkPartialValid(false /* isStrictMode */);
+        // If the user chooses yes to use this partial connectivity wifi, switch the default
+        // network to wifi and check if wifi becomes valid or not.
+        mCm.setAcceptPartialConnectivity(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), true /* accept */,
+                false /* always */);
+        // If user accepts partial connectivity network,
+        // NetworkMonitor#setAcceptPartialConnectivity() should be called too.
+        waitForIdle();
+        verify(mWiFiNetworkAgent.mNetworkMonitor, times(1)).setAcceptPartialConnectivity();
+
+        // Need a trigger point to let NetworkMonitor tell ConnectivityService that network is
+        // validated.
+        mCm.reportNetworkConnectivity(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), true);
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOSING, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        NetworkCapabilities nc = callback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED,
+                mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        assertTrue(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY));
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        // Disconnect and reconnect wifi with partial connectivity again.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connectWithPartialConnectivity();
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Mobile data should be the default network.
+        assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        // If the user chooses no, disconnect wifi immediately.
+        mCm.setAcceptPartialConnectivity(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), false/* accept */,
+                false /* always */);
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        // If user accepted partial connectivity before, and device reconnects to that network
+        // again, but now the network has full connectivity. The network shouldn't contain
+        // NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        // acceptUnvalidated is also used as setting for accepting partial networks.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.explicitlySelected(true /* explicitlySelected */,
+                true /* acceptUnvalidated */);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+
+        // If user accepted partial connectivity network before,
+        // NetworkMonitor#setAcceptPartialConnectivity() will be called in
+        // ConnectivityService#updateNetworkInfo().
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        verify(mWiFiNetworkAgent.mNetworkMonitor, times(1)).setAcceptPartialConnectivity();
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOSING, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        nc = callback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        assertFalse(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY));
+
+        // Wifi should be the default network.
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        // The user accepted partial connectivity and selected "don't ask again". Now the user
+        // reconnects to the partial connectivity network. Switch to wifi as soon as partial
+        // connectivity is detected.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.explicitlySelected(true /* explicitlySelected */,
+                true /* acceptUnvalidated */);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connectWithPartialConnectivity();
+        // If user accepted partial connectivity network before,
+        // NetworkMonitor#setAcceptPartialConnectivity() will be called in
+        // ConnectivityService#updateNetworkInfo().
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        verify(mWiFiNetworkAgent.mNetworkMonitor, times(1)).setAcceptPartialConnectivity();
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOSING, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkValid(false /* isStrictMode */);
+
+        // Need a trigger point to let NetworkMonitor tell ConnectivityService that network is
+        // validated.
+        mCm.reportNetworkConnectivity(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), true);
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        // If the user accepted partial connectivity, and the device auto-reconnects to the partial
+        // connectivity network, it should contain both PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY and VALIDATED.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.explicitlySelected(false /* explicitlySelected */,
+                true /* acceptUnvalidated */);
+
+        // NetworkMonitor will immediately (once the HTTPS probe fails...) report the network as
+        // valid, because ConnectivityService calls setAcceptPartialConnectivity before it calls
+        // notifyNetworkConnected.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connectWithPartialValidConnectivity(false /* isStrictMode */);
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        verify(mWiFiNetworkAgent.mNetworkMonitor, times(1)).setAcceptPartialConnectivity();
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOSING, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesWith(
+                NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY | NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCaptivePortalOnPartialConnectivity() throws Exception {
+        final TestNetworkCallback captivePortalCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest captivePortalRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL).build();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(captivePortalRequest, captivePortalCallback);
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback validatedCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest validatedRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED).build();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(validatedRequest, validatedCallback);
+
+        // Bring up a network with a captive portal.
+        // Expect onAvailable callback of listen for NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        String redirectUrl = "http://android.com/path";
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connectWithCaptivePortal(redirectUrl, false /* isStrictMode */);
+        captivePortalCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.waitForRedirectUrl(), redirectUrl);
+
+        // Check that startCaptivePortalApp sends the expected command to NetworkMonitor.
+        mCm.startCaptivePortalApp(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+        verify(mWiFiNetworkAgent.mNetworkMonitor, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS).times(1))
+                .launchCaptivePortalApp();
+
+        // Report that the captive portal is dismissed with partial connectivity, and check that
+        // callbacks are fired.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkPartial();
+        mCm.reportNetworkConnectivity(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), true);
+        waitForIdle();
+        captivePortalCallback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY,
+                mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Report partial connectivity is accepted.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkPartialValid(false /* isStrictMode */);
+        mCm.setAcceptPartialConnectivity(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), true /* accept */,
+                false /* always */);
+        waitForIdle();
+        mCm.reportNetworkConnectivity(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), true);
+        captivePortalCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        validatedCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        NetworkCapabilities nc =
+                validatedCallback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY,
+                mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(captivePortalCallback);
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(validatedCallback);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCaptivePortal() throws Exception {
+        final TestNetworkCallback captivePortalCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest captivePortalRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL).build();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(captivePortalRequest, captivePortalCallback);
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback validatedCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest validatedRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED).build();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(validatedRequest, validatedCallback);
+
+        // Bring up a network with a captive portal.
+        // Expect onAvailable callback of listen for NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        String firstRedirectUrl = "http://example.com/firstPath";
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connectWithCaptivePortal(firstRedirectUrl, false /* isStrictMode */);
+        captivePortalCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.waitForRedirectUrl(), firstRedirectUrl);
+
+        // Take down network.
+        // Expect onLost callback.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        captivePortalCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Bring up a network with a captive portal.
+        // Expect onAvailable callback of listen for NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        String secondRedirectUrl = "http://example.com/secondPath";
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connectWithCaptivePortal(secondRedirectUrl, false /* isStrictMode */);
+        captivePortalCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.waitForRedirectUrl(), secondRedirectUrl);
+
+        // Make captive portal disappear then revalidate.
+        // Expect onLost callback because network no longer provides NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkValid(false /* isStrictMode */);
+        mCm.reportNetworkConnectivity(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), true);
+        captivePortalCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Expect NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED onAvailable callback.
+        validatedCallback.expectAvailableDoubleValidatedCallbacks(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Break network connectivity.
+        // Expect NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED onLost callback.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkInvalid(false /* isStrictMode */);
+        mCm.reportNetworkConnectivity(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), false);
+        validatedCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCaptivePortalApp() throws Exception {
+        final TestNetworkCallback captivePortalCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest captivePortalRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL).build();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(captivePortalRequest, captivePortalCallback);
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback validatedCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest validatedRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED).build();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(validatedRequest, validatedCallback);
+
+        // Bring up wifi.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        validatedCallback.expectAvailableDoubleValidatedCallbacks(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        Network wifiNetwork = mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork();
+
+        // Check that calling startCaptivePortalApp does nothing.
+        final int fastTimeoutMs = 100;
+        mCm.startCaptivePortalApp(wifiNetwork);
+        waitForIdle();
+        verify(mWiFiNetworkAgent.mNetworkMonitor, never()).launchCaptivePortalApp();
+        mServiceContext.expectNoStartActivityIntent(fastTimeoutMs);
+
+        // Turn into a captive portal.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkPortal("http://example.com", false /* isStrictMode */);
+        mCm.reportNetworkConnectivity(wifiNetwork, false);
+        captivePortalCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        validatedCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Check that startCaptivePortalApp sends the expected command to NetworkMonitor.
+        mCm.startCaptivePortalApp(wifiNetwork);
+        waitForIdle();
+        verify(mWiFiNetworkAgent.mNetworkMonitor).launchCaptivePortalApp();
+
+        // NetworkMonitor uses startCaptivePortal(Network, Bundle) (startCaptivePortalAppInternal)
+        final Bundle testBundle = new Bundle();
+        final String testKey = "testkey";
+        final String testValue = "testvalue";
+        testBundle.putString(testKey, testValue);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+                PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mCm.startCaptivePortalApp(wifiNetwork, testBundle);
+        final Intent signInIntent = mServiceContext.expectStartActivityIntent(TIMEOUT_MS);
+        assertEquals(ACTION_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_SIGN_IN, signInIntent.getAction());
+        assertEquals(testValue, signInIntent.getStringExtra(testKey));
+
+        // Report that the captive portal is dismissed, and check that callbacks are fired
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkValid(false /* isStrictMode */);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.mNetworkMonitor.forceReevaluation(Process.myUid());
+        validatedCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        captivePortalCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(validatedCallback);
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(captivePortalCallback);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAvoidOrIgnoreCaptivePortals() throws Exception {
+        final TestNetworkCallback captivePortalCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest captivePortalRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL).build();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(captivePortalRequest, captivePortalCallback);
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback validatedCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest validatedRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED).build();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(validatedRequest, validatedCallback);
+
+        setCaptivePortalMode(ConnectivitySettingsManager.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE_AVOID);
+        // Bring up a network with a captive portal.
+        // Expect it to fail to connect and not result in any callbacks.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        String firstRedirectUrl = "http://example.com/firstPath";
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connectWithCaptivePortal(firstRedirectUrl, false /* isStrictMode */);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.expectDisconnected();
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.expectPreventReconnectReceived();
+
+        assertNoCallbacks(captivePortalCallback, validatedCallback);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCaptivePortalApi() throws Exception {
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback captivePortalCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest captivePortalRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL).build();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(captivePortalRequest, captivePortalCallback);
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        final String redirectUrl = "http://example.com/firstPath";
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connectWithCaptivePortal(redirectUrl, false /* isStrictMode */);
+        captivePortalCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        final CaptivePortalData testData = new CaptivePortalData.Builder()
+                .setUserPortalUrl(Uri.parse(redirectUrl))
+                .setBytesRemaining(12345L)
+                .build();
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.notifyCapportApiDataChanged(testData);
+
+        captivePortalCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mWiFiNetworkAgent,
+                lp -> testData.equals(lp.getCaptivePortalData()));
+
+        final LinkProperties newLps = new LinkProperties();
+        newLps.setMtu(1234);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(newLps);
+        // CaptivePortalData is not lost and unchanged when LPs are received from the NetworkAgent
+        captivePortalCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mWiFiNetworkAgent,
+                lp -> testData.equals(lp.getCaptivePortalData()) && lp.getMtu() == 1234);
+    }
+
+    private TestNetworkCallback setupNetworkCallbackAndConnectToWifi() throws Exception {
+        // Grant NETWORK_SETTINGS permission to be able to receive LinkProperties change callbacks
+        // with sensitive (captive portal) data
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback captivePortalCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest captivePortalRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL).build();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(captivePortalRequest, captivePortalCallback);
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connectWithCaptivePortal(TEST_REDIRECT_URL, false /* isStrictMode */);
+        captivePortalCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        return captivePortalCallback;
+    }
+
+    private class CaptivePortalTestData {
+        CaptivePortalTestData(CaptivePortalData naPasspointData, CaptivePortalData capportData,
+                CaptivePortalData naOtherData, CaptivePortalData expectedMergedPasspointData,
+                CaptivePortalData expectedMergedOtherData) {
+            mNaPasspointData = naPasspointData;
+            mCapportData = capportData;
+            mNaOtherData = naOtherData;
+            mExpectedMergedPasspointData = expectedMergedPasspointData;
+            mExpectedMergedOtherData = expectedMergedOtherData;
+        }
+
+        public final CaptivePortalData mNaPasspointData;
+        public final CaptivePortalData mCapportData;
+        public final CaptivePortalData mNaOtherData;
+        public final CaptivePortalData mExpectedMergedPasspointData;
+        public final CaptivePortalData mExpectedMergedOtherData;
+
+    }
+
+    private CaptivePortalTestData setupCaptivePortalData() {
+        final CaptivePortalData capportData = new CaptivePortalData.Builder()
+                .setUserPortalUrl(Uri.parse(TEST_REDIRECT_URL))
+                .setVenueInfoUrl(Uri.parse(TEST_VENUE_URL_CAPPORT))
+                .setUserPortalUrl(Uri.parse(TEST_USER_PORTAL_API_URL_CAPPORT))
+                .setExpiryTime(1000000L)
+                .setBytesRemaining(12345L)
+                .build();
+
+        final CaptivePortalData naPasspointData = new CaptivePortalData.Builder()
+                .setBytesRemaining(80802L)
+                .setVenueInfoUrl(Uri.parse(TEST_VENUE_URL_NA_PASSPOINT),
+                        CaptivePortalData.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_DATA_SOURCE_PASSPOINT)
+                .setUserPortalUrl(Uri.parse(TEST_TERMS_AND_CONDITIONS_URL_NA_PASSPOINT),
+                        CaptivePortalData.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_DATA_SOURCE_PASSPOINT)
+                .setVenueFriendlyName(TEST_FRIENDLY_NAME).build();
+
+        final CaptivePortalData naOtherData = new CaptivePortalData.Builder()
+                .setBytesRemaining(80802L)
+                .setVenueInfoUrl(Uri.parse(TEST_VENUE_URL_NA_OTHER),
+                        CaptivePortalData.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_DATA_SOURCE_OTHER)
+                .setUserPortalUrl(Uri.parse(TEST_TERMS_AND_CONDITIONS_URL_NA_OTHER),
+                        CaptivePortalData.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_DATA_SOURCE_OTHER)
+                .setVenueFriendlyName(TEST_FRIENDLY_NAME).build();
+
+        final CaptivePortalData expectedMergedPasspointData = new CaptivePortalData.Builder()
+                .setUserPortalUrl(Uri.parse(TEST_REDIRECT_URL))
+                .setBytesRemaining(12345L)
+                .setExpiryTime(1000000L)
+                .setVenueInfoUrl(Uri.parse(TEST_VENUE_URL_NA_PASSPOINT),
+                        CaptivePortalData.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_DATA_SOURCE_PASSPOINT)
+                .setUserPortalUrl(Uri.parse(TEST_TERMS_AND_CONDITIONS_URL_NA_PASSPOINT),
+                        CaptivePortalData.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_DATA_SOURCE_PASSPOINT)
+                .setVenueFriendlyName(TEST_FRIENDLY_NAME).build();
+
+        final CaptivePortalData expectedMergedOtherData = new CaptivePortalData.Builder()
+                .setUserPortalUrl(Uri.parse(TEST_REDIRECT_URL))
+                .setBytesRemaining(12345L)
+                .setExpiryTime(1000000L)
+                .setVenueInfoUrl(Uri.parse(TEST_VENUE_URL_CAPPORT))
+                .setUserPortalUrl(Uri.parse(TEST_USER_PORTAL_API_URL_CAPPORT))
+                .setVenueFriendlyName(TEST_FRIENDLY_NAME).build();
+        return new CaptivePortalTestData(naPasspointData, capportData, naOtherData,
+                expectedMergedPasspointData, expectedMergedOtherData);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMergeCaptivePortalApiWithFriendlyNameAndVenueUrl() throws Exception {
+        final TestNetworkCallback captivePortalCallback = setupNetworkCallbackAndConnectToWifi();
+        final CaptivePortalTestData captivePortalTestData = setupCaptivePortalData();
+
+        // Baseline capport data
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.notifyCapportApiDataChanged(captivePortalTestData.mCapportData);
+
+        captivePortalCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mWiFiNetworkAgent,
+                lp -> captivePortalTestData.mCapportData.equals(lp.getCaptivePortalData()));
+
+        // Venue URL, T&C URL and friendly name from Network agent with Passpoint source, confirm
+        // that API data gets precedence on the bytes remaining.
+        final LinkProperties linkProperties = new LinkProperties();
+        linkProperties.setCaptivePortalData(captivePortalTestData.mNaPasspointData);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(linkProperties);
+
+        // Make sure that the capport data is merged
+        captivePortalCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mWiFiNetworkAgent,
+                lp -> captivePortalTestData.mExpectedMergedPasspointData
+                        .equals(lp.getCaptivePortalData()));
+
+        // Now send this information from non-Passpoint source, confirm that Capport data takes
+        // precedence
+        linkProperties.setCaptivePortalData(captivePortalTestData.mNaOtherData);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(linkProperties);
+
+        // Make sure that the capport data is merged
+        captivePortalCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mWiFiNetworkAgent,
+                lp -> captivePortalTestData.mExpectedMergedOtherData
+                        .equals(lp.getCaptivePortalData()));
+
+        // Create a new LP with no Network agent capport data
+        final LinkProperties newLps = new LinkProperties();
+        newLps.setMtu(1234);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(newLps);
+        // CaptivePortalData is not lost and has the original values when LPs are received from the
+        // NetworkAgent
+        captivePortalCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mWiFiNetworkAgent,
+                lp -> captivePortalTestData.mCapportData.equals(lp.getCaptivePortalData())
+                        && lp.getMtu() == 1234);
+
+        // Now send capport data only from the Network agent
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.notifyCapportApiDataChanged(null);
+        captivePortalCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mWiFiNetworkAgent,
+                lp -> lp.getCaptivePortalData() == null);
+
+        newLps.setCaptivePortalData(captivePortalTestData.mNaPasspointData);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(newLps);
+
+        // Make sure that only the network agent capport data is available
+        captivePortalCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mWiFiNetworkAgent,
+                lp -> captivePortalTestData.mNaPasspointData.equals(lp.getCaptivePortalData()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMergeCaptivePortalDataFromNetworkAgentFirstThenCapport() throws Exception {
+        final TestNetworkCallback captivePortalCallback = setupNetworkCallbackAndConnectToWifi();
+        final CaptivePortalTestData captivePortalTestData = setupCaptivePortalData();
+
+        // Venue URL and friendly name from Network agent, confirm that API data gets precedence
+        // on the bytes remaining.
+        final LinkProperties linkProperties = new LinkProperties();
+        linkProperties.setCaptivePortalData(captivePortalTestData.mNaPasspointData);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(linkProperties);
+
+        // Make sure that the data is saved correctly
+        captivePortalCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mWiFiNetworkAgent,
+                lp -> captivePortalTestData.mNaPasspointData.equals(lp.getCaptivePortalData()));
+
+        // Expected merged data: Network agent data is preferred, and values that are not used by
+        // it are merged from capport data
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.notifyCapportApiDataChanged(captivePortalTestData.mCapportData);
+
+        // Make sure that the Capport data is merged correctly
+        captivePortalCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mWiFiNetworkAgent,
+                lp -> captivePortalTestData.mExpectedMergedPasspointData.equals(
+                        lp.getCaptivePortalData()));
+
+        // Now set the naData to null
+        linkProperties.setCaptivePortalData(null);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(linkProperties);
+
+        // Make sure that the Capport data is retained correctly
+        captivePortalCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mWiFiNetworkAgent,
+                lp -> captivePortalTestData.mCapportData.equals(lp.getCaptivePortalData()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMergeCaptivePortalDataFromNetworkAgentOtherSourceFirstThenCapport()
+            throws Exception {
+        final TestNetworkCallback captivePortalCallback = setupNetworkCallbackAndConnectToWifi();
+        final CaptivePortalTestData captivePortalTestData = setupCaptivePortalData();
+
+        // Venue URL and friendly name from Network agent, confirm that API data gets precedence
+        // on the bytes remaining.
+        final LinkProperties linkProperties = new LinkProperties();
+        linkProperties.setCaptivePortalData(captivePortalTestData.mNaOtherData);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(linkProperties);
+
+        // Make sure that the data is saved correctly
+        captivePortalCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mWiFiNetworkAgent,
+                lp -> captivePortalTestData.mNaOtherData.equals(lp.getCaptivePortalData()));
+
+        // Expected merged data: Network agent data is preferred, and values that are not used by
+        // it are merged from capport data
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.notifyCapportApiDataChanged(captivePortalTestData.mCapportData);
+
+        // Make sure that the Capport data is merged correctly
+        captivePortalCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mWiFiNetworkAgent,
+                lp -> captivePortalTestData.mExpectedMergedOtherData.equals(
+                        lp.getCaptivePortalData()));
+    }
+
+    private NetworkRequest.Builder newWifiRequestBuilder() {
+        return new NetworkRequest.Builder().addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verify request matching behavior with network specifiers.
+     *
+     * This test does not check updating the specifier on a live network because the specifier is
+     * immutable and this triggers a WTF in
+     * {@link ConnectivityService#mixInCapabilities(NetworkAgentInfo, NetworkCapabilities)}.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkSpecifier() throws Exception {
+        // A NetworkSpecifier subclass that matches all networks but must not be visible to apps.
+        class ConfidentialMatchAllNetworkSpecifier extends NetworkSpecifier implements
+                Parcelable {
+            @Override
+            public boolean canBeSatisfiedBy(NetworkSpecifier other) {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public int describeContents() {
+                return 0;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {}
+
+            @Override
+            public NetworkSpecifier redact() {
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // A network specifier that matches either another LocalNetworkSpecifier with the same
+        // string or a ConfidentialMatchAllNetworkSpecifier, and can be passed to apps as is.
+        class LocalStringNetworkSpecifier extends NetworkSpecifier implements Parcelable {
+            private String mString;
+
+            LocalStringNetworkSpecifier(String string) {
+                mString = string;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public boolean canBeSatisfiedBy(NetworkSpecifier other) {
+                if (other instanceof LocalStringNetworkSpecifier) {
+                    return TextUtils.equals(mString,
+                            ((LocalStringNetworkSpecifier) other).mString);
+                }
+                if (other instanceof ConfidentialMatchAllNetworkSpecifier) return true;
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public int describeContents() {
+                return 0;
+            }
+            @Override
+            public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {}
+        }
+
+
+        NetworkRequest rEmpty1 = newWifiRequestBuilder().build();
+        NetworkRequest rEmpty2 = newWifiRequestBuilder().setNetworkSpecifier((String) null).build();
+        NetworkRequest rEmpty3 = newWifiRequestBuilder().setNetworkSpecifier("").build();
+        NetworkRequest rEmpty4 = newWifiRequestBuilder().setNetworkSpecifier(
+            (NetworkSpecifier) null).build();
+        NetworkRequest rFoo = newWifiRequestBuilder().setNetworkSpecifier(
+                new LocalStringNetworkSpecifier("foo")).build();
+        NetworkRequest rBar = newWifiRequestBuilder().setNetworkSpecifier(
+                new LocalStringNetworkSpecifier("bar")).build();
+
+        TestNetworkCallback cEmpty1 = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        TestNetworkCallback cEmpty2 = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        TestNetworkCallback cEmpty3 = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        TestNetworkCallback cEmpty4 = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        TestNetworkCallback cFoo = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        TestNetworkCallback cBar = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        TestNetworkCallback[] emptyCallbacks = new TestNetworkCallback[] {
+                cEmpty1, cEmpty2, cEmpty3, cEmpty4 };
+
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(rEmpty1, cEmpty1);
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(rEmpty2, cEmpty2);
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(rEmpty3, cEmpty3);
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(rEmpty4, cEmpty4);
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(rFoo, cFoo);
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(rBar, cBar);
+
+        LocalStringNetworkSpecifier nsFoo = new LocalStringNetworkSpecifier("foo");
+        LocalStringNetworkSpecifier nsBar = new LocalStringNetworkSpecifier("bar");
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidatedWithSpecifier(mWiFiNetworkAgent, null /* specifier */,
+                cEmpty1, cEmpty2, cEmpty3, cEmpty4);
+        assertNoCallbacks(cFoo, cBar);
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        expectOnLost(mWiFiNetworkAgent, cEmpty1, cEmpty2, cEmpty3, cEmpty4);
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkSpecifier(nsFoo);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidatedWithSpecifier(mWiFiNetworkAgent, nsFoo,
+                cEmpty1, cEmpty2, cEmpty3, cEmpty4, cFoo);
+        cBar.assertNoCallback();
+        assertEquals(nsFoo,
+                mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork()).getNetworkSpecifier());
+        assertNoCallbacks(cEmpty1, cEmpty2, cEmpty3, cEmpty4, cFoo);
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        expectOnLost(mWiFiNetworkAgent, cEmpty1, cEmpty2, cEmpty3, cEmpty4, cFoo);
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkSpecifier(nsBar);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidatedWithSpecifier(mWiFiNetworkAgent, nsBar,
+                cEmpty1, cEmpty2, cEmpty3, cEmpty4, cBar);
+        cFoo.assertNoCallback();
+        assertEquals(nsBar,
+                mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork()).getNetworkSpecifier());
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        expectOnLost(mWiFiNetworkAgent, cEmpty1, cEmpty2, cEmpty3, cEmpty4, cBar);
+        cFoo.assertNoCallback();
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkSpecifier(new ConfidentialMatchAllNetworkSpecifier());
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidatedWithSpecifier(mWiFiNetworkAgent, null /* specifier */,
+                cEmpty1, cEmpty2, cEmpty3, cEmpty4, cFoo, cBar);
+        assertNull(
+                mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork()).getNetworkSpecifier());
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        expectOnLost(mWiFiNetworkAgent, cEmpty1, cEmpty2, cEmpty3, cEmpty4, cFoo, cBar);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the context's attribution tag
+     */
+    private String getAttributionTag() {
+        return mContext.getAttributionTag();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInvalidNetworkSpecifier() {
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> {
+            NetworkRequest.Builder builder = new NetworkRequest.Builder();
+            builder.setNetworkSpecifier(new MatchAllNetworkSpecifier());
+        });
+
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> {
+            NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities = new NetworkCapabilities();
+            networkCapabilities.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                    .setNetworkSpecifier(new MatchAllNetworkSpecifier());
+            mService.requestNetwork(Process.INVALID_UID, networkCapabilities,
+                    NetworkRequest.Type.REQUEST.ordinal(), null, 0, null,
+                    ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI, NetworkCallback.FLAG_NONE,
+                    mContext.getPackageName(), getAttributionTag());
+        });
+
+        class NonParcelableSpecifier extends NetworkSpecifier {
+            @Override
+            public boolean canBeSatisfiedBy(NetworkSpecifier other) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        };
+        class ParcelableSpecifier extends NonParcelableSpecifier implements Parcelable {
+            @Override public int describeContents() { return 0; }
+            @Override public void writeToParcel(Parcel p, int flags) {}
+        }
+
+        final NetworkRequest.Builder builder =
+                new NetworkRequest.Builder().addTransportType(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET);
+        assertThrows(ClassCastException.class, () -> {
+            builder.setNetworkSpecifier(new NonParcelableSpecifier());
+            Parcel parcelW = Parcel.obtain();
+            builder.build().writeToParcel(parcelW, 0);
+        });
+
+        final NetworkRequest nr =
+                new NetworkRequest.Builder().addTransportType(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(new ParcelableSpecifier())
+                .build();
+        assertNotNull(nr);
+
+        assertThrows(BadParcelableException.class, () -> {
+            Parcel parcelW = Parcel.obtain();
+            nr.writeToParcel(parcelW, 0);
+            byte[] bytes = parcelW.marshall();
+            parcelW.recycle();
+
+            Parcel parcelR = Parcel.obtain();
+            parcelR.unmarshall(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
+            parcelR.setDataPosition(0);
+            NetworkRequest rereadNr = NetworkRequest.CREATOR.createFromParcel(parcelR);
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkRequestUidSpoofSecurityException() throws Exception {
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        NetworkRequest networkRequest = newWifiRequestBuilder().build();
+        TestNetworkCallback networkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        doThrow(new SecurityException()).when(mAppOpsManager).checkPackage(anyInt(), anyString());
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () -> {
+            mCm.requestNetwork(networkRequest, networkCallback);
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInvalidSignalStrength() {
+        NetworkRequest r = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                .setSignalStrength(-75)
+                .build();
+        // Registering a NetworkCallback with signal strength but w/o NETWORK_SIGNAL_STRENGTH_WAKEUP
+        // permission should get SecurityException.
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () ->
+                mCm.registerNetworkCallback(r, new NetworkCallback()));
+
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () ->
+                mCm.registerNetworkCallback(r, PendingIntent.getService(
+                        mServiceContext, 0 /* requestCode */, new Intent(), FLAG_IMMUTABLE)));
+
+        // Requesting a Network with signal strength should get IllegalArgumentException.
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () ->
+                mCm.requestNetwork(r, new NetworkCallback()));
+
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () ->
+                mCm.requestNetwork(r, PendingIntent.getService(
+                        mServiceContext, 0 /* requestCode */, new Intent(), FLAG_IMMUTABLE)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRegisterDefaultNetworkCallback() throws Exception {
+        // NETWORK_SETTINGS is necessary to call registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback.
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback defaultNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(defaultNetworkCallback);
+        defaultNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        final Handler handler = new Handler(ConnectivityThread.getInstanceLooper());
+        final TestNetworkCallback systemDefaultCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(systemDefaultCallback, handler);
+        systemDefaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // Create a TRANSPORT_CELLULAR request to keep the mobile interface up
+        // whenever Wi-Fi is up. Without this, the mobile network agent is
+        // reaped before any other activity can take place.
+        final TestNetworkCallback cellNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest cellRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR).build();
+        mCm.requestNetwork(cellRequest, cellNetworkCallback);
+        cellNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // Bring up cell and expect CALLBACK_AVAILABLE.
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        cellNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        defaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        systemDefaultCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(defaultNetworkCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertEquals(systemDefaultCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        // Bring up wifi and expect CALLBACK_AVAILABLE.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        cellNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        defaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableDoubleValidatedCallbacks(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        systemDefaultCallback.expectAvailableDoubleValidatedCallbacks(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(defaultNetworkCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertEquals(systemDefaultCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        // Bring down cell. Expect no default network callback, since it wasn't the default.
+        mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        cellNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        defaultNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        systemDefaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        assertEquals(defaultNetworkCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertEquals(systemDefaultCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        // Bring up cell. Expect no default network callback, since it won't be the default.
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        cellNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        defaultNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        systemDefaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        assertEquals(defaultNetworkCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertEquals(systemDefaultCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        // Bring down wifi. Expect the default network callback to notified of LOST wifi
+        // followed by AVAILABLE cell.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        cellNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        defaultNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        defaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        systemDefaultCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        systemDefaultCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        cellNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        defaultNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        systemDefaultCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        waitForIdle();
+        assertEquals(null, mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        mMockVpn.establishForMyUid();
+        assertUidRangesUpdatedForMyUid(true);
+        defaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mMockVpn);
+        systemDefaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        assertEquals(defaultNetworkCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertEquals(null, systemDefaultCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork());
+
+        mMockVpn.disconnect();
+        defaultNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mMockVpn);
+        systemDefaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        waitForIdle();
+        assertEquals(null, mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAdditionalStateCallbacks() throws Exception {
+        // File a network request for mobile.
+        final TestNetworkCallback cellNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest cellRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR).build();
+        mCm.requestNetwork(cellRequest, cellNetworkCallback);
+
+        // Bring up the mobile network.
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+
+        // We should get onAvailable(), onCapabilitiesChanged(), and
+        // onLinkPropertiesChanged() in rapid succession. Additionally, we
+        // should get onCapabilitiesChanged() when the mobile network validates.
+        cellNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        cellNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // Update LinkProperties.
+        final LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.setInterfaceName("foonet_data0");
+        mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(lp);
+        // We should get onLinkPropertiesChanged().
+        cellNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LINK_PROPERTIES_CHANGED,
+                mCellNetworkAgent);
+        cellNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // Suspend the network.
+        mCellNetworkAgent.suspend();
+        cellNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesWithout(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED,
+                mCellNetworkAgent);
+        cellNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.SUSPENDED, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        cellNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        assertEquals(NetworkInfo.State.SUSPENDED, mCm.getActiveNetworkInfo().getState());
+
+        // Register a garden variety default network request.
+        TestNetworkCallback dfltNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(dfltNetworkCallback);
+        // We should get onAvailable(), onCapabilitiesChanged(), onLinkPropertiesChanged(),
+        // as well as onNetworkSuspended() in rapid succession.
+        dfltNetworkCallback.expectAvailableAndSuspendedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent, true);
+        dfltNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(dfltNetworkCallback);
+
+        mCellNetworkAgent.resume();
+        cellNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED,
+                mCellNetworkAgent);
+        cellNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.RESUMED, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        cellNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        assertEquals(NetworkInfo.State.CONNECTED, mCm.getActiveNetworkInfo().getState());
+
+        dfltNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(dfltNetworkCallback);
+        // This time onNetworkSuspended should not be called.
+        dfltNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        dfltNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(dfltNetworkCallback);
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cellNetworkCallback);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRegisterPrivilegedDefaultCallbacksRequireNetworkSettings() throws Exception {
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(false /* validated */);
+
+        final Handler handler = new Handler(ConnectivityThread.getInstanceLooper());
+        final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class,
+                () -> mCm.registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(callback, handler));
+        callback.assertNoCallback();
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class,
+                () -> mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(APP1_UID, callback, handler));
+        callback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mCm.registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(callback, handler);
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
+
+        mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(APP1_UID, callback, handler);
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkCallbackWithNullUids() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
+                .build();
+        final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(request, callback);
+
+        // Attempt to file a callback for networks applying to another UID. This does not actually
+        // work, because this code does not currently have permission to do so. The callback behaves
+        // exactly the same as the one registered just above.
+        final int otherUid = UserHandle.getUid(RESTRICTED_USER, VPN_UID);
+        final NetworkRequest otherUidRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
+                .setUids(UidRange.toIntRanges(uidRangesForUids(otherUid)))
+                .build();
+        final TestNetworkCallback otherUidCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(otherUidRequest, otherUidCallback);
+
+        final NetworkRequest includeOtherUidsRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
+                .setIncludeOtherUidNetworks(true)
+                .build();
+        final TestNetworkCallback includeOtherUidsCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(includeOtherUidsRequest, includeOtherUidsCallback);
+
+        // Both callbacks see a network with no specifier that applies to their UID.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false /* validated */);
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        otherUidCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        includeOtherUidsCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        otherUidCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        includeOtherUidsCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Only the includeOtherUidsCallback sees a VPN that does not apply to its UID.
+        final UidRange range = UidRange.createForUser(UserHandle.of(RESTRICTED_USER));
+        final Set<UidRange> vpnRanges = Collections.singleton(range);
+        mMockVpn.establish(new LinkProperties(), VPN_UID, vpnRanges);
+        includeOtherUidsCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mMockVpn);
+        callback.assertNoCallback();
+        otherUidCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        mMockVpn.disconnect();
+        includeOtherUidsCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mMockVpn);
+        callback.assertNoCallback();
+        otherUidCallback.assertNoCallback();
+    }
+
+    private static class RedactableNetworkSpecifier extends NetworkSpecifier {
+        public static final int ID_INVALID = -1;
+
+        public final int networkId;
+
+        RedactableNetworkSpecifier(int networkId) {
+            this.networkId = networkId;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean canBeSatisfiedBy(NetworkSpecifier other) {
+            return other instanceof RedactableNetworkSpecifier
+                    && this.networkId == ((RedactableNetworkSpecifier) other).networkId;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public NetworkSpecifier redact() {
+            return new RedactableNetworkSpecifier(ID_INVALID);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkCallbackWithNullUidsRedactsSpecifier() throws Exception {
+        final RedactableNetworkSpecifier specifier = new RedactableNetworkSpecifier(42);
+        final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(specifier)
+                .build();
+        final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(request, callback);
+
+        // Attempt to file a callback for networks applying to another UID. This does not actually
+        // work, because this code does not currently have permission to do so. The callback behaves
+        // exactly the same as the one registered just above.
+        final int otherUid = UserHandle.getUid(RESTRICTED_USER, VPN_UID);
+        final NetworkRequest otherUidRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(specifier)
+                .setUids(UidRange.toIntRanges(uidRangesForUids(otherUid)))
+                .build();
+        final TestNetworkCallback otherUidCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(otherUidRequest, otherUidCallback);
+
+        final NetworkRequest includeOtherUidsRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(specifier)
+                .setIncludeOtherUidNetworks(true)
+                .build();
+        final TestNetworkCallback includeOtherUidsCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(includeOtherUidsRequest, callback);
+
+        // Only the regular callback sees the network, because callbacks filed with no UID have
+        // their specifiers redacted.
+        final LinkProperties emptyLp = new LinkProperties();
+        final NetworkCapabilities ncTemplate = new NetworkCapabilities()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(specifier);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI, emptyLp, ncTemplate);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false /* validated */);
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        otherUidCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        includeOtherUidsCallback.assertNoCallback();
+    }
+
+    private void setCaptivePortalMode(int mode) {
+        ContentResolver cr = mServiceContext.getContentResolver();
+        Settings.Global.putInt(cr, ConnectivitySettingsManager.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_MODE, mode);
+    }
+
+    private void setAlwaysOnNetworks(boolean enable) {
+        ContentResolver cr = mServiceContext.getContentResolver();
+        Settings.Global.putInt(cr, ConnectivitySettingsManager.MOBILE_DATA_ALWAYS_ON,
+                enable ? 1 : 0);
+        mService.updateAlwaysOnNetworks();
+        waitForIdle();
+    }
+
+    private void setPrivateDnsSettings(int mode, String specifier) {
+        ConnectivitySettingsManager.setPrivateDnsMode(mServiceContext, mode);
+        ConnectivitySettingsManager.setPrivateDnsHostname(mServiceContext, specifier);
+        mService.updatePrivateDnsSettings();
+        waitForIdle();
+    }
+
+    private void setIngressRateLimit(int rateLimitInBytesPerSec) {
+        ConnectivitySettingsManager.setIngressRateLimitInBytesPerSecond(mServiceContext,
+                rateLimitInBytesPerSec);
+        mService.updateIngressRateLimit();
+        waitForIdle();
+    }
+
+    private boolean isForegroundNetwork(TestNetworkAgentWrapper network) {
+        NetworkCapabilities nc = mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(network.getNetwork());
+        assertNotNull(nc);
+        return nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBackgroundNetworks() throws Exception {
+        // Create a cellular background request.
+        grantUsingBackgroundNetworksPermissionForUid(Binder.getCallingUid());
+        final TestNetworkCallback cellBgCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.requestBackgroundNetwork(new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR).build(),
+                cellBgCallback, mCsHandlerThread.getThreadHandler());
+
+        // Make callbacks for monitoring.
+        final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder().build();
+        final NetworkRequest fgRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND).build();
+        final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final TestNetworkCallback fgCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(request, callback);
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(fgRequest, fgCallback);
+
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        callback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        fgCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        assertTrue(isForegroundNetwork(mCellNetworkAgent));
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+
+        // When wifi connects, cell lingers.
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOSING, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        fgCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        fgCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOSING, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        fgCallback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        assertTrue(isForegroundNetwork(mCellNetworkAgent));
+        assertTrue(isForegroundNetwork(mWiFiNetworkAgent));
+
+        // When lingering is complete, cell is still there but is now in the background.
+        waitForIdle();
+        int timeoutMs = TEST_LINGER_DELAY_MS + TEST_LINGER_DELAY_MS / 4;
+        fgCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent, timeoutMs);
+        // Expect a network capabilities update sans FOREGROUND.
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesWithout(NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        assertFalse(isForegroundNetwork(mCellNetworkAgent));
+        assertTrue(isForegroundNetwork(mWiFiNetworkAgent));
+
+        // File a cell request and check that cell comes into the foreground.
+        final NetworkRequest cellRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR).build();
+        final TestNetworkCallback cellCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.requestNetwork(cellRequest, cellCallback);
+        cellCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        fgCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        // Expect a network capabilities update with FOREGROUND, because the most recent
+        // request causes its state to change.
+        cellCallback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        assertTrue(isForegroundNetwork(mCellNetworkAgent));
+        assertTrue(isForegroundNetwork(mWiFiNetworkAgent));
+
+        // Release the request. The network immediately goes into the background, since it was not
+        // lingering.
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cellCallback);
+        fgCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        // Expect a network capabilities update sans FOREGROUND.
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesWithout(NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        assertFalse(isForegroundNetwork(mCellNetworkAgent));
+        assertTrue(isForegroundNetwork(mWiFiNetworkAgent));
+
+        // Disconnect wifi and check that cell is foreground again.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        fgCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        fgCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        assertTrue(isForegroundNetwork(mCellNetworkAgent));
+
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(fgCallback);
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cellBgCallback);
+    }
+
+    @Ignore // This test has instrinsic chances of spurious failures: ignore for continuous testing.
+    public void benchmarkRequestRegistrationAndCallbackDispatch() throws Exception {
+        // TODO: turn this unit test into a real benchmarking test.
+        // Benchmarks connecting and switching performance in the presence of a large number of
+        // NetworkRequests.
+        // 1. File NUM_REQUESTS requests.
+        // 2. Have a network connect. Wait for NUM_REQUESTS onAvailable callbacks to fire.
+        // 3. Have a new network connect and outscore the previous. Wait for NUM_REQUESTS onLosing
+        //    and NUM_REQUESTS onAvailable callbacks to fire.
+        // See how long it took.
+        final int NUM_REQUESTS = 90;
+        final int REGISTER_TIME_LIMIT_MS = 200;
+        final int CONNECT_TIME_LIMIT_MS = 60;
+        final int SWITCH_TIME_LIMIT_MS = 60;
+        final int UNREGISTER_TIME_LIMIT_MS = 20;
+
+        final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder().clearCapabilities().build();
+        final NetworkCallback[] callbacks = new NetworkCallback[NUM_REQUESTS];
+        final CountDownLatch availableLatch = new CountDownLatch(NUM_REQUESTS);
+        final CountDownLatch losingLatch = new CountDownLatch(NUM_REQUESTS);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < NUM_REQUESTS; i++) {
+            callbacks[i] = new NetworkCallback() {
+                @Override public void onAvailable(Network n) { availableLatch.countDown(); }
+                @Override public void onLosing(Network n, int t) { losingLatch.countDown(); }
+            };
+        }
+
+        assertRunsInAtMost("Registering callbacks", REGISTER_TIME_LIMIT_MS, () -> {
+            for (NetworkCallback cb : callbacks) {
+                mCm.registerNetworkCallback(request, cb);
+            }
+        });
+
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        // Don't request that the network validate, because otherwise connect() will block until
+        // the network gets NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED, after all the callbacks below have fired,
+        // and we won't actually measure anything.
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+
+        long onAvailableDispatchingDuration = durationOf(() -> {
+            await(availableLatch, 10 * CONNECT_TIME_LIMIT_MS);
+        });
+        Log.d(TAG, String.format("Dispatched %d of %d onAvailable callbacks in %dms",
+                NUM_REQUESTS - availableLatch.getCount(), NUM_REQUESTS,
+                onAvailableDispatchingDuration));
+        assertTrue(String.format("Dispatching %d onAvailable callbacks in %dms, expected %dms",
+                NUM_REQUESTS, onAvailableDispatchingDuration, CONNECT_TIME_LIMIT_MS),
+                onAvailableDispatchingDuration <= CONNECT_TIME_LIMIT_MS);
+
+        // Give wifi a high enough score that we'll linger cell when wifi comes up.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.adjustScore(40);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+
+        long onLostDispatchingDuration = durationOf(() -> {
+            await(losingLatch, 10 * SWITCH_TIME_LIMIT_MS);
+        });
+        Log.d(TAG, String.format("Dispatched %d of %d onLosing callbacks in %dms",
+                NUM_REQUESTS - losingLatch.getCount(), NUM_REQUESTS, onLostDispatchingDuration));
+        assertTrue(String.format("Dispatching %d onLosing callbacks in %dms, expected %dms",
+                NUM_REQUESTS, onLostDispatchingDuration, SWITCH_TIME_LIMIT_MS),
+                onLostDispatchingDuration <= SWITCH_TIME_LIMIT_MS);
+
+        assertRunsInAtMost("Unregistering callbacks", UNREGISTER_TIME_LIMIT_MS, () -> {
+            for (NetworkCallback cb : callbacks) {
+                mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cb);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMobileDataAlwaysOn() throws Exception {
+        grantUsingBackgroundNetworksPermissionForUid(Binder.getCallingUid());
+        final TestNetworkCallback cellNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest cellRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR).build();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(cellRequest, cellNetworkCallback);
+
+        final HandlerThread handlerThread = new HandlerThread("MobileDataAlwaysOnFactory");
+        handlerThread.start();
+        NetworkCapabilities filter = new NetworkCapabilities()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
+        final MockNetworkFactory testFactory = new MockNetworkFactory(handlerThread.getLooper(),
+                mServiceContext, "testFactory", filter, mCsHandlerThread);
+        testFactory.setScoreFilter(40);
+
+        // Register the factory and expect it to start looking for a network.
+        testFactory.register();
+
+        try {
+            // Expect the factory to receive the default network request.
+            testFactory.expectRequestAdd();
+            testFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(1);
+            assertTrue(testFactory.getMyStartRequested());
+
+            // Bring up wifi. The factory stops looking for a network.
+            mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+            // Score 60 - 40 penalty for not validated yet, then 60 when it validates
+            mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+            // The network connects with a low score, so the offer can still beat it and
+            // nothing happens. Then the network validates, and the offer with its filter score
+            // of 40 can no longer beat it and the request is removed.
+            testFactory.expectRequestRemove();
+            testFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(0);
+
+            assertFalse(testFactory.getMyStartRequested());
+
+            // Turn on mobile data always on. This request will not match the wifi request, so
+            // it will be sent to the test factory whose filters allow to see it.
+            setAlwaysOnNetworks(true);
+            testFactory.expectRequestAdd();
+            testFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(1);
+
+            assertTrue(testFactory.getMyStartRequested());
+
+            // Bring up cell data and check that the factory stops looking.
+            assertLength(1, mCm.getAllNetworks());
+            mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+            mCellNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+            cellNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent, false, false, false,
+                    TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS);
+            // When cell connects, it will satisfy the "mobile always on request" right away
+            // by virtue of being the only network that can satisfy the request. However, its
+            // score is low (50 - 40 = 10) so the test factory can still hope to beat it.
+            expectNoRequestChanged(testFactory);
+
+            // Next, cell validates. This gives it a score of 50 and the test factory can't
+            // hope to beat that according to its filters. It will see the message that its
+            // offer is now unnecessary.
+            mCellNetworkAgent.setNetworkValid(true);
+            // Need a trigger point to let NetworkMonitor tell ConnectivityService that network is
+            // validated – see testPartialConnectivity.
+            mCm.reportNetworkConnectivity(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), true);
+            cellNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED, mCellNetworkAgent);
+            testFactory.expectRequestRemove();
+            testFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(0);
+            // Accordingly, the factory shouldn't be started.
+            assertFalse(testFactory.getMyStartRequested());
+
+            // Check that cell data stays up.
+            waitForIdle();
+            verifyActiveNetwork(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+            assertLength(2, mCm.getAllNetworks());
+
+            // Cell disconnects. There is still the "mobile data always on" request outstanding,
+            // and the test factory should see it now that it isn't hopelessly outscored.
+            mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+            cellNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+            // Wait for the network to be removed from internal structures before
+            // calling synchronous getter
+            waitForIdle();
+            assertLength(1, mCm.getAllNetworks());
+            testFactory.expectRequestAdd();
+            testFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(1);
+
+            // Reconnect cell validated, see the request disappear again. Then withdraw the
+            // mobile always on request. This will tear down cell, and there shouldn't be a
+            // blip where the test factory briefly sees the request or anything.
+            mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+            mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+            cellNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+            waitForIdle();
+            assertLength(2, mCm.getAllNetworks());
+            testFactory.expectRequestRemove();
+            testFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(0);
+            setAlwaysOnNetworks(false);
+            expectNoRequestChanged(testFactory);
+            testFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(0);
+            assertFalse(testFactory.getMyStartRequested());
+            // ...  and cell data to be torn down immediately since it is no longer nascent.
+            cellNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+            waitForIdle();
+            assertLength(1, mCm.getAllNetworks());
+            testFactory.terminate();
+            testFactory.assertNoRequestChanged();
+        } finally {
+            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cellNetworkCallback);
+            handlerThread.quit();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetAllowBadWifiUntil() throws Exception {
+        runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS,
+                () -> mService.setTestAllowBadWifiUntil(System.currentTimeMillis() + 5_000L));
+        waitForIdle();
+        testAvoidBadWifiConfig_controlledBySettings();
+
+        runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS,
+                () -> mService.setTestAllowBadWifiUntil(System.currentTimeMillis() - 5_000L));
+        waitForIdle();
+        testAvoidBadWifiConfig_ignoreSettings();
+    }
+
+    private void testAvoidBadWifiConfig_controlledBySettings() {
+        final ContentResolver cr = mServiceContext.getContentResolver();
+        final String settingName = ConnectivitySettingsManager.NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI;
+
+        Settings.Global.putString(cr, settingName, "0");
+        mPolicyTracker.reevaluate();
+        waitForIdle();
+        assertFalse(mService.avoidBadWifi());
+        assertFalse(mPolicyTracker.shouldNotifyWifiUnvalidated());
+
+        Settings.Global.putString(cr, settingName, "1");
+        mPolicyTracker.reevaluate();
+        waitForIdle();
+        assertTrue(mService.avoidBadWifi());
+        assertFalse(mPolicyTracker.shouldNotifyWifiUnvalidated());
+
+        Settings.Global.putString(cr, settingName, null);
+        mPolicyTracker.reevaluate();
+        waitForIdle();
+        assertFalse(mService.avoidBadWifi());
+        assertTrue(mPolicyTracker.shouldNotifyWifiUnvalidated());
+    }
+
+    private void testAvoidBadWifiConfig_ignoreSettings() {
+        final ContentResolver cr = mServiceContext.getContentResolver();
+        final String settingName = ConnectivitySettingsManager.NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI;
+
+        String[] values = new String[] {null, "0", "1"};
+        for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
+            Settings.Global.putString(cr, settingName, values[i]);
+            mPolicyTracker.reevaluate();
+            waitForIdle();
+            String msg = String.format("config=false, setting=%s", values[i]);
+            assertTrue(mService.avoidBadWifi());
+            assertFalse(msg, mPolicyTracker.shouldNotifyWifiUnvalidated());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAvoidBadWifiSetting() throws Exception {
+        doReturn(1).when(mResources).getInteger(R.integer.config_networkAvoidBadWifi);
+        testAvoidBadWifiConfig_ignoreSettings();
+
+        doReturn(0).when(mResources).getInteger(R.integer.config_networkAvoidBadWifi);
+        testAvoidBadWifiConfig_controlledBySettings();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOffersAvoidsBadWifi() throws Exception {
+        // Normal mode : the carrier doesn't restrict moving away from bad wifi.
+        // This has getAvoidBadWifi return true.
+        doReturn(1).when(mResources).getInteger(R.integer.config_networkAvoidBadWifi);
+        // Don't request cell separately for the purposes of this test.
+        setAlwaysOnNetworks(false);
+
+        final NetworkProvider cellProvider = new NetworkProvider(mServiceContext,
+                mCsHandlerThread.getLooper(), "Cell provider");
+        final NetworkProvider wifiProvider = new NetworkProvider(mServiceContext,
+                mCsHandlerThread.getLooper(), "Wifi provider");
+
+        mCm.registerNetworkProvider(cellProvider);
+        mCm.registerNetworkProvider(wifiProvider);
+
+        final NetworkScore cellScore = new NetworkScore.Builder().build();
+        final NetworkScore wifiScore = new NetworkScore.Builder().build();
+        final NetworkCapabilities defaultCaps = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+                .build();
+        final NetworkCapabilities cellCaps = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+                .build();
+        final NetworkCapabilities wifiCaps = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+                .build();
+        final TestableNetworkOfferCallback cellCallback = new TestableNetworkOfferCallback(
+                TIMEOUT_MS /* timeout */, TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS /* noCallbackTimeout */);
+        final TestableNetworkOfferCallback wifiCallback = new TestableNetworkOfferCallback(
+                TIMEOUT_MS /* timeout */, TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS /* noCallbackTimeout */);
+
+        // Offer callbacks will run on the CS handler thread in this test.
+        cellProvider.registerNetworkOffer(cellScore, cellCaps, r -> r.run(), cellCallback);
+        wifiProvider.registerNetworkOffer(wifiScore, wifiCaps, r -> r.run(), wifiCallback);
+
+        // Both providers see the default request.
+        cellCallback.expectOnNetworkNeeded(defaultCaps);
+        wifiCallback.expectOnNetworkNeeded(defaultCaps);
+
+        // Listen to cell and wifi to know when agents are finished processing
+        final TestNetworkCallback cellNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest cellRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR).build();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(cellRequest, cellNetworkCallback);
+        final TestNetworkCallback wifiNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest wifiRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI).build();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(wifiRequest, wifiNetworkCallback);
+
+        // Cell connects and validates.
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR,
+                new LinkProperties(), null /* ncTemplate */, cellProvider);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        cellNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        cellCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        wifiCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // Bring up wifi. At first it's invalidated, so cell is still needed.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI,
+                new LinkProperties(), null /* ncTemplate */, wifiProvider);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        wifiNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        cellCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        wifiCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // Wifi validates. Cell is no longer needed, because it's outscored.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkValid(true /* isStrictMode */);
+        // Have CS reconsider the network (see testPartialConnectivity)
+        mCm.reportNetworkConnectivity(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), true);
+        wifiNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        cellCallback.expectOnNetworkUnneeded(defaultCaps);
+        wifiCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // Wifi is no longer validated. Cell is needed again.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkInvalid(true /* isStrictMode */);
+        mCm.reportNetworkConnectivity(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), false);
+        wifiNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesWithout(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        cellCallback.expectOnNetworkNeeded(defaultCaps);
+        wifiCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // Disconnect wifi and pretend the carrier restricts moving away from bad wifi.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        wifiNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        // This has getAvoidBadWifi return false. This test doesn't change the value of the
+        // associated setting.
+        doReturn(0).when(mResources).getInteger(R.integer.config_networkAvoidBadWifi);
+        mPolicyTracker.reevaluate();
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        // Connect wifi again, cell is needed until wifi validates.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI,
+                new LinkProperties(), null /* ncTemplate */, wifiProvider);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        wifiNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        cellCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        wifiCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkValid(true /* isStrictMode */);
+        mCm.reportNetworkConnectivity(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), true);
+        wifiNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        cellCallback.expectOnNetworkUnneeded(defaultCaps);
+        wifiCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // Wifi loses validation. Because the device doesn't avoid bad wifis, cell is
+        // not needed.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkInvalid(true /* isStrictMode */);
+        mCm.reportNetworkConnectivity(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), false);
+        wifiNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesWithout(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        cellCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        wifiCallback.assertNoCallback();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAvoidBadWifi() throws Exception {
+        final ContentResolver cr = mServiceContext.getContentResolver();
+
+        // Pretend we're on a carrier that restricts switching away from bad wifi.
+        doReturn(0).when(mResources).getInteger(R.integer.config_networkAvoidBadWifi);
+
+        // File a request for cell to ensure it doesn't go down.
+        final TestNetworkCallback cellNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest cellRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR).build();
+        mCm.requestNetwork(cellRequest, cellNetworkCallback);
+
+        TestNetworkCallback defaultCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(defaultCallback);
+
+        NetworkRequest validatedWifiRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED)
+                .build();
+        TestNetworkCallback validatedWifiCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(validatedWifiRequest, validatedWifiCallback);
+
+        Settings.Global.putInt(cr, ConnectivitySettingsManager.NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI, 0);
+        mPolicyTracker.reevaluate();
+
+        // Bring up validated cell.
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        cellNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        Network cellNetwork = mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork();
+
+        // Bring up validated wifi.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableDoubleValidatedCallbacks(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        validatedWifiCallback.expectAvailableDoubleValidatedCallbacks(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        Network wifiNetwork = mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork();
+
+        // Fail validation on wifi.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkInvalid(false /* isStrictMode */);
+        mCm.reportNetworkConnectivity(wifiNetwork, false);
+        defaultCallback.expectCapabilitiesWithout(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        validatedWifiCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Because avoid bad wifi is off, we don't switch to cellular.
+        defaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        assertFalse(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(wifiNetwork).hasCapability(
+                NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED));
+        assertTrue(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(cellNetwork).hasCapability(
+                NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED));
+        assertEquals(mCm.getActiveNetwork(), wifiNetwork);
+
+        // Simulate switching to a carrier that does not restrict avoiding bad wifi, and expect
+        // that we switch back to cell.
+        doReturn(1).when(mResources).getInteger(R.integer.config_networkAvoidBadWifi);
+        mPolicyTracker.reevaluate();
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(mCm.getActiveNetwork(), cellNetwork);
+
+        // Switch back to a restrictive carrier.
+        doReturn(0).when(mResources).getInteger(R.integer.config_networkAvoidBadWifi);
+        mPolicyTracker.reevaluate();
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(mCm.getActiveNetwork(), wifiNetwork);
+
+        // Simulate the user selecting "switch" on the dialog, and check that we switch to cell.
+        mCm.setAvoidUnvalidated(wifiNetwork);
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        assertFalse(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(wifiNetwork).hasCapability(
+                NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED));
+        assertTrue(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(cellNetwork).hasCapability(
+                NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED));
+        assertEquals(mCm.getActiveNetwork(), cellNetwork);
+
+        // Disconnect and reconnect wifi to clear the one-time switch above.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableDoubleValidatedCallbacks(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        validatedWifiCallback.expectAvailableDoubleValidatedCallbacks(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        wifiNetwork = mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork();
+
+        // Fail validation on wifi and expect the dialog to appear.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkInvalid(false /* isStrictMode */);
+        mCm.reportNetworkConnectivity(wifiNetwork, false);
+        defaultCallback.expectCapabilitiesWithout(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        validatedWifiCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Simulate the user selecting "switch" and checking the don't ask again checkbox.
+        Settings.Global.putInt(cr, ConnectivitySettingsManager.NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI, 1);
+        mPolicyTracker.reevaluate();
+
+        // We now switch to cell.
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        assertFalse(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(wifiNetwork).hasCapability(
+                NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED));
+        assertTrue(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(cellNetwork).hasCapability(
+                NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED));
+        assertEquals(mCm.getActiveNetwork(), cellNetwork);
+
+        // Simulate the user turning the cellular fallback setting off and then on.
+        // We switch to wifi and then to cell.
+        Settings.Global.putString(cr, ConnectivitySettingsManager.NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI, null);
+        mPolicyTracker.reevaluate();
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(mCm.getActiveNetwork(), wifiNetwork);
+        Settings.Global.putInt(cr, ConnectivitySettingsManager.NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI, 1);
+        mPolicyTracker.reevaluate();
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(mCm.getActiveNetwork(), cellNetwork);
+
+        // If cell goes down, we switch to wifi.
+        mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        defaultCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        validatedWifiCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cellNetworkCallback);
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(validatedWifiCallback);
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(defaultCallback);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMeteredMultipathPreferenceSetting() throws Exception {
+        final ContentResolver cr = mServiceContext.getContentResolver();
+        final String settingName = ConnectivitySettingsManager.NETWORK_METERED_MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE;
+
+        for (int config : asList(0, 3, 2)) {
+            for (String setting: asList(null, "0", "2", "1")) {
+                mPolicyTracker.mConfigMeteredMultipathPreference = config;
+                Settings.Global.putString(cr, settingName, setting);
+                mPolicyTracker.reevaluate();
+                waitForIdle();
+
+                final int expected = (setting != null) ? Integer.parseInt(setting) : config;
+                String msg = String.format("config=%d, setting=%s", config, setting);
+                assertEquals(msg, expected, mCm.getMultipathPreference(null));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Validate that a satisfied network request does not trigger onUnavailable() once the
+     * time-out period expires.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSatisfiedNetworkRequestDoesNotTriggerOnUnavailable() throws Exception {
+        NetworkRequest nr = new NetworkRequest.Builder().addTransportType(
+                NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI).build();
+        final TestNetworkCallback networkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.requestNetwork(nr, networkCallback, TEST_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS);
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        networkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacks(mWiFiNetworkAgent, false, false, false,
+                TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS);
+
+        // pass timeout and validate that UNAVAILABLE is not called
+        networkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Validate that a satisfied network request followed by a disconnected (lost) network does
+     * not trigger onUnavailable() once the time-out period expires.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSatisfiedThenLostNetworkRequestDoesNotTriggerOnUnavailable() throws Exception {
+        NetworkRequest nr = new NetworkRequest.Builder().addTransportType(
+                NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI).build();
+        final TestNetworkCallback networkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.requestNetwork(nr, networkCallback, TEST_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS);
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        networkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacks(mWiFiNetworkAgent, false, false, false,
+                TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Validate that UNAVAILABLE is not called
+        networkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Validate that when a time-out is specified for a network request the onUnavailable()
+     * callback is called when time-out expires. Then validate that if network request is
+     * (somehow) satisfied - the callback isn't called later.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testTimedoutNetworkRequest() throws Exception {
+        NetworkRequest nr = new NetworkRequest.Builder().addTransportType(
+                NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI).build();
+        final TestNetworkCallback networkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final int timeoutMs = 10;
+        mCm.requestNetwork(nr, networkCallback, timeoutMs);
+
+        // pass timeout and validate that UNAVAILABLE is called
+        networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.UNAVAILABLE, (Network) null);
+
+        // create a network satisfying request - validate that request not triggered
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        networkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Validate that when a network request is unregistered (cancelled), no posterior event can
+     * trigger the callback.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testNoCallbackAfterUnregisteredNetworkRequest() throws Exception {
+        NetworkRequest nr = new NetworkRequest.Builder().addTransportType(
+                NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI).build();
+        final TestNetworkCallback networkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final int timeoutMs = 10;
+
+        mCm.requestNetwork(nr, networkCallback, timeoutMs);
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
+        // Regardless of the timeout, unregistering the callback in ConnectivityManager ensures
+        // that this callback will not be called.
+        networkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // create a network satisfying request - validate that request not triggered
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        networkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUnfulfillableNetworkRequest() throws Exception {
+        runUnfulfillableNetworkRequest(false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUnfulfillableNetworkRequestAfterUnregister() throws Exception {
+        runUnfulfillableNetworkRequest(true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Validate the callback flow for a factory releasing a request as unfulfillable.
+     */
+    private void runUnfulfillableNetworkRequest(boolean preUnregister) throws Exception {
+        NetworkRequest nr = new NetworkRequest.Builder().addTransportType(
+                NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI).build();
+        final TestNetworkCallback networkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+
+        final HandlerThread handlerThread = new HandlerThread("testUnfulfillableNetworkRequest");
+        handlerThread.start();
+        NetworkCapabilities filter = new NetworkCapabilities()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED);
+        final MockNetworkFactory testFactory = new MockNetworkFactory(handlerThread.getLooper(),
+                mServiceContext, "testFactory", filter, mCsHandlerThread);
+        testFactory.setScoreFilter(40);
+
+        // Register the factory and expect it to receive the default request.
+        testFactory.register();
+        testFactory.expectRequestAdd();
+
+        try {
+            // Now file the test request and expect it.
+            mCm.requestNetwork(nr, networkCallback);
+            final NetworkRequest newRequest = testFactory.expectRequestAdd().request;
+
+            if (preUnregister) {
+                mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
+
+                // The request has been released : the factory should see it removed
+                // immediately.
+                testFactory.expectRequestRemove();
+
+                // Simulate the factory releasing the request as unfulfillable: no-op since
+                // the callback has already been unregistered (but a test that no exceptions are
+                // thrown).
+                testFactory.triggerUnfulfillable(newRequest);
+            } else {
+                // Simulate the factory releasing the request as unfulfillable and expect
+                // onUnavailable!
+                testFactory.triggerUnfulfillable(newRequest);
+
+                networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.UNAVAILABLE, (Network) null);
+
+                // Declaring a request unfulfillable releases it automatically.
+                testFactory.expectRequestRemove();
+
+                // unregister network callback - a no-op (since already freed by the
+                // on-unavailable), but should not fail or throw exceptions.
+                mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
+
+                // The factory should not see any further removal, as this request has
+                // already been removed.
+            }
+        } finally {
+            testFactory.terminate();
+            handlerThread.quit();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Validate the callback flow CBS request without carrier privilege.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testCBSRequestWithoutCarrierPrivilege() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkRequest nr = new NetworkRequest.Builder().addTransportType(
+                TRANSPORT_CELLULAR).addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_CBS).build();
+        final TestNetworkCallback networkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS, PERMISSION_DENIED);
+        // Now file the test request and expect it.
+        mCm.requestNetwork(nr, networkCallback);
+        networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.UNAVAILABLE, (Network) null);
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
+    }
+
+    private static class TestKeepaliveCallback extends PacketKeepaliveCallback {
+
+        public enum CallbackType { ON_STARTED, ON_STOPPED, ON_ERROR }
+
+        private class CallbackValue {
+            public CallbackType callbackType;
+            public int error;
+
+            public CallbackValue(CallbackType type) {
+                this.callbackType = type;
+                this.error = PacketKeepalive.SUCCESS;
+                assertTrue("onError callback must have error", type != CallbackType.ON_ERROR);
+            }
+
+            public CallbackValue(CallbackType type, int error) {
+                this.callbackType = type;
+                this.error = error;
+                assertEquals("error can only be set for onError", type, CallbackType.ON_ERROR);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public boolean equals(Object o) {
+                return o instanceof CallbackValue &&
+                        this.callbackType == ((CallbackValue) o).callbackType &&
+                        this.error == ((CallbackValue) o).error;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public String toString() {
+                return String.format("%s(%s, %d)", getClass().getSimpleName(), callbackType, error);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private final LinkedBlockingQueue<CallbackValue> mCallbacks = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();
+
+        @Override
+        public void onStarted() {
+            mCallbacks.add(new CallbackValue(CallbackType.ON_STARTED));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onStopped() {
+            mCallbacks.add(new CallbackValue(CallbackType.ON_STOPPED));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onError(int error) {
+            mCallbacks.add(new CallbackValue(CallbackType.ON_ERROR, error));
+        }
+
+        private void expectCallback(CallbackValue callbackValue) throws InterruptedException {
+            assertEquals(callbackValue, mCallbacks.poll(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+        }
+
+        public void expectStarted() throws Exception {
+            expectCallback(new CallbackValue(CallbackType.ON_STARTED));
+        }
+
+        public void expectStopped() throws Exception {
+            expectCallback(new CallbackValue(CallbackType.ON_STOPPED));
+        }
+
+        public void expectError(int error) throws Exception {
+            expectCallback(new CallbackValue(CallbackType.ON_ERROR, error));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class TestSocketKeepaliveCallback extends SocketKeepalive.Callback {
+
+        public enum CallbackType { ON_STARTED, ON_STOPPED, ON_ERROR };
+
+        private class CallbackValue {
+            public CallbackType callbackType;
+            public int error;
+
+            CallbackValue(CallbackType type) {
+                this.callbackType = type;
+                this.error = SocketKeepalive.SUCCESS;
+                assertTrue("onError callback must have error", type != CallbackType.ON_ERROR);
+            }
+
+            CallbackValue(CallbackType type, int error) {
+                this.callbackType = type;
+                this.error = error;
+                assertEquals("error can only be set for onError", type, CallbackType.ON_ERROR);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public boolean equals(Object o) {
+                return o instanceof CallbackValue
+                        && this.callbackType == ((CallbackValue) o).callbackType
+                        && this.error == ((CallbackValue) o).error;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public String toString() {
+                return String.format("%s(%s, %d)", getClass().getSimpleName(), callbackType,
+                        error);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private LinkedBlockingQueue<CallbackValue> mCallbacks = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();
+        private final Executor mExecutor;
+
+        TestSocketKeepaliveCallback(@NonNull Executor executor) {
+            mExecutor = executor;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onStarted() {
+            mCallbacks.add(new CallbackValue(CallbackType.ON_STARTED));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onStopped() {
+            mCallbacks.add(new CallbackValue(CallbackType.ON_STOPPED));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onError(int error) {
+            mCallbacks.add(new CallbackValue(CallbackType.ON_ERROR, error));
+        }
+
+        private void expectCallback(CallbackValue callbackValue) throws InterruptedException {
+            assertEquals(callbackValue, mCallbacks.poll(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+
+        }
+
+        public void expectStarted() throws InterruptedException {
+            expectCallback(new CallbackValue(CallbackType.ON_STARTED));
+        }
+
+        public void expectStopped() throws InterruptedException {
+            expectCallback(new CallbackValue(CallbackType.ON_STOPPED));
+        }
+
+        public void expectError(int error) throws InterruptedException {
+            expectCallback(new CallbackValue(CallbackType.ON_ERROR, error));
+        }
+
+        public void assertNoCallback() {
+            waitForIdleSerialExecutor(mExecutor, TIMEOUT_MS);
+            CallbackValue cv = mCallbacks.peek();
+            assertNull("Unexpected callback: " + cv, cv);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Network connectKeepaliveNetwork(LinkProperties lp) throws Exception {
+        // Ensure the network is disconnected before anything else occurs
+        if (mWiFiNetworkAgent != null) {
+            assertNull(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork()));
+        }
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        ExpectedBroadcast b = expectConnectivityAction(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        b.expectBroadcast();
+        verifyActiveNetwork(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(lp);
+        waitForIdle();
+        return mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPacketKeepalives() throws Exception {
+        InetAddress myIPv4 = InetAddress.getByName("192.0.2.129");
+        InetAddress notMyIPv4 = InetAddress.getByName("192.0.2.35");
+        InetAddress myIPv6 = InetAddress.getByName("2001:db8::1");
+        InetAddress dstIPv4 = InetAddress.getByName("8.8.8.8");
+        InetAddress dstIPv6 = InetAddress.getByName("2001:4860:4860::8888");
+
+        final int validKaInterval = 15;
+        final int invalidKaInterval = 9;
+
+        LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.setInterfaceName("wlan12");
+        lp.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress(myIPv6, 64));
+        lp.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress(myIPv4, 25));
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(InetAddress.getByName("fe80::1234")));
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(InetAddress.getByName("192.0.2.254")));
+
+        Network notMyNet = new Network(61234);
+        Network myNet = connectKeepaliveNetwork(lp);
+
+        TestKeepaliveCallback callback = new TestKeepaliveCallback();
+        PacketKeepalive ka;
+
+        // Attempt to start keepalives with invalid parameters and check for errors.
+        ka = mCm.startNattKeepalive(notMyNet, validKaInterval, callback, myIPv4, 1234, dstIPv4);
+        callback.expectError(PacketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_NETWORK);
+
+        ka = mCm.startNattKeepalive(myNet, invalidKaInterval, callback, myIPv4, 1234, dstIPv4);
+        callback.expectError(PacketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_INTERVAL);
+
+        ka = mCm.startNattKeepalive(myNet, validKaInterval, callback, myIPv4, 1234, dstIPv6);
+        callback.expectError(PacketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS);
+
+        ka = mCm.startNattKeepalive(myNet, validKaInterval, callback, myIPv6, 1234, dstIPv4);
+        callback.expectError(PacketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS);
+
+        // NAT-T is only supported for IPv4.
+        ka = mCm.startNattKeepalive(myNet, validKaInterval, callback, myIPv6, 1234, dstIPv6);
+        callback.expectError(PacketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS);
+
+        ka = mCm.startNattKeepalive(myNet, validKaInterval, callback, myIPv4, 123456, dstIPv4);
+        callback.expectError(PacketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_PORT);
+
+        ka = mCm.startNattKeepalive(myNet, validKaInterval, callback, myIPv4, 123456, dstIPv4);
+        callback.expectError(PacketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_PORT);
+
+        ka = mCm.startNattKeepalive(myNet, validKaInterval, callback, myIPv4, 12345, dstIPv4);
+        callback.expectError(PacketKeepalive.ERROR_HARDWARE_UNSUPPORTED);
+
+        ka = mCm.startNattKeepalive(myNet, validKaInterval, callback, myIPv4, 12345, dstIPv4);
+        callback.expectError(PacketKeepalive.ERROR_HARDWARE_UNSUPPORTED);
+
+        // Check that a started keepalive can be stopped.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setStartKeepaliveEvent(PacketKeepalive.SUCCESS);
+        ka = mCm.startNattKeepalive(myNet, validKaInterval, callback, myIPv4, 12345, dstIPv4);
+        callback.expectStarted();
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setStopKeepaliveEvent(PacketKeepalive.SUCCESS);
+        ka.stop();
+        callback.expectStopped();
+
+        // Check that deleting the IP address stops the keepalive.
+        LinkProperties bogusLp = new LinkProperties(lp);
+        ka = mCm.startNattKeepalive(myNet, validKaInterval, callback, myIPv4, 12345, dstIPv4);
+        callback.expectStarted();
+        bogusLp.removeLinkAddress(new LinkAddress(myIPv4, 25));
+        bogusLp.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress(notMyIPv4, 25));
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(bogusLp);
+        callback.expectError(PacketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(lp);
+
+        // Check that a started keepalive is stopped correctly when the network disconnects.
+        ka = mCm.startNattKeepalive(myNet, validKaInterval, callback, myIPv4, 12345, dstIPv4);
+        callback.expectStarted();
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.expectDisconnected();
+        callback.expectError(PacketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_NETWORK);
+
+        // ... and that stopping it after that has no adverse effects.
+        waitForIdle();
+        final Network myNetAlias = myNet;
+        assertNull(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(myNetAlias));
+        ka.stop();
+
+        // Reconnect.
+        myNet = connectKeepaliveNetwork(lp);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setStartKeepaliveEvent(PacketKeepalive.SUCCESS);
+
+        // Check that keepalive slots start from 1 and increment. The first one gets slot 1.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setExpectedKeepaliveSlot(1);
+        ka = mCm.startNattKeepalive(myNet, validKaInterval, callback, myIPv4, 12345, dstIPv4);
+        callback.expectStarted();
+
+        // The second one gets slot 2.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setExpectedKeepaliveSlot(2);
+        TestKeepaliveCallback callback2 = new TestKeepaliveCallback();
+        PacketKeepalive ka2 = mCm.startNattKeepalive(
+                myNet, validKaInterval, callback2, myIPv4, 6789, dstIPv4);
+        callback2.expectStarted();
+
+        // Now stop the first one and create a third. This also gets slot 1.
+        ka.stop();
+        callback.expectStopped();
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setExpectedKeepaliveSlot(1);
+        TestKeepaliveCallback callback3 = new TestKeepaliveCallback();
+        PacketKeepalive ka3 = mCm.startNattKeepalive(
+                myNet, validKaInterval, callback3, myIPv4, 9876, dstIPv4);
+        callback3.expectStarted();
+
+        ka2.stop();
+        callback2.expectStopped();
+
+        ka3.stop();
+        callback3.expectStopped();
+    }
+
+    // Helper method to prepare the executor and run test
+    private void runTestWithSerialExecutors(ExceptionUtils.ThrowingConsumer<Executor> functor)
+            throws Exception {
+        final ExecutorService executorSingleThread = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
+        final Executor executorInline = (Runnable r) -> r.run();
+        functor.accept(executorSingleThread);
+        executorSingleThread.shutdown();
+        functor.accept(executorInline);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNattSocketKeepalives() throws Exception {
+        runTestWithSerialExecutors(executor -> doTestNattSocketKeepalivesWithExecutor(executor));
+        runTestWithSerialExecutors(executor -> doTestNattSocketKeepalivesFdWithExecutor(executor));
+    }
+
+    private void doTestNattSocketKeepalivesWithExecutor(Executor executor) throws Exception {
+        // TODO: 1. Move this outside of ConnectivityServiceTest.
+        //       2. Make test to verify that Nat-T keepalive socket is created by IpSecService.
+        //       3. Mock ipsec service.
+        final InetAddress myIPv4 = InetAddress.getByName("192.0.2.129");
+        final InetAddress notMyIPv4 = InetAddress.getByName("192.0.2.35");
+        final InetAddress myIPv6 = InetAddress.getByName("2001:db8::1");
+        final InetAddress dstIPv4 = InetAddress.getByName("8.8.8.8");
+        final InetAddress dstIPv6 = InetAddress.getByName("2001:4860:4860::8888");
+
+        final int validKaInterval = 15;
+        final int invalidKaInterval = 9;
+
+        final IpSecManager mIpSec = (IpSecManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.IPSEC_SERVICE);
+        final UdpEncapsulationSocket testSocket = mIpSec.openUdpEncapsulationSocket();
+        final int srcPort = testSocket.getPort();
+
+        LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.setInterfaceName("wlan12");
+        lp.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress(myIPv6, 64));
+        lp.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress(myIPv4, 25));
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(InetAddress.getByName("fe80::1234")));
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(InetAddress.getByName("192.0.2.254")));
+
+        Network notMyNet = new Network(61234);
+        Network myNet = connectKeepaliveNetwork(lp);
+
+        TestSocketKeepaliveCallback callback = new TestSocketKeepaliveCallback(executor);
+
+        // Attempt to start keepalives with invalid parameters and check for errors.
+        // Invalid network.
+        try (SocketKeepalive ka = mCm.createSocketKeepalive(
+                notMyNet, testSocket, myIPv4, dstIPv4, executor, callback)) {
+            ka.start(validKaInterval);
+            callback.expectError(SocketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_NETWORK);
+        }
+
+        // Invalid interval.
+        try (SocketKeepalive ka = mCm.createSocketKeepalive(
+                myNet, testSocket, myIPv4, dstIPv4, executor, callback)) {
+            ka.start(invalidKaInterval);
+            callback.expectError(SocketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_INTERVAL);
+        }
+
+        // Invalid destination.
+        try (SocketKeepalive ka = mCm.createSocketKeepalive(
+                myNet, testSocket, myIPv4, dstIPv6, executor, callback)) {
+            ka.start(validKaInterval);
+            callback.expectError(SocketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS);
+        }
+
+        // Invalid source;
+        try (SocketKeepalive ka = mCm.createSocketKeepalive(
+                myNet, testSocket, myIPv6, dstIPv4, executor, callback)) {
+            ka.start(validKaInterval);
+            callback.expectError(SocketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS);
+        }
+
+        // NAT-T is only supported for IPv4.
+        try (SocketKeepalive ka = mCm.createSocketKeepalive(
+                myNet, testSocket, myIPv6, dstIPv6, executor, callback)) {
+            ka.start(validKaInterval);
+            callback.expectError(SocketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS);
+        }
+
+        // Basic check before testing started keepalive.
+        try (SocketKeepalive ka = mCm.createSocketKeepalive(
+                myNet, testSocket, myIPv4, dstIPv4, executor, callback)) {
+            ka.start(validKaInterval);
+            callback.expectError(SocketKeepalive.ERROR_UNSUPPORTED);
+        }
+
+        // Check that a started keepalive can be stopped.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setStartKeepaliveEvent(SocketKeepalive.SUCCESS);
+        try (SocketKeepalive ka = mCm.createSocketKeepalive(
+                myNet, testSocket, myIPv4, dstIPv4, executor, callback)) {
+            ka.start(validKaInterval);
+            callback.expectStarted();
+            mWiFiNetworkAgent.setStopKeepaliveEvent(SocketKeepalive.SUCCESS);
+            ka.stop();
+            callback.expectStopped();
+
+            // Check that keepalive could be restarted.
+            ka.start(validKaInterval);
+            callback.expectStarted();
+            ka.stop();
+            callback.expectStopped();
+
+            // Check that keepalive can be restarted without waiting for callback.
+            ka.start(validKaInterval);
+            callback.expectStarted();
+            ka.stop();
+            ka.start(validKaInterval);
+            callback.expectStopped();
+            callback.expectStarted();
+            ka.stop();
+            callback.expectStopped();
+        }
+
+        // Check that deleting the IP address stops the keepalive.
+        LinkProperties bogusLp = new LinkProperties(lp);
+        try (SocketKeepalive ka = mCm.createSocketKeepalive(
+                myNet, testSocket, myIPv4, dstIPv4, executor, callback)) {
+            ka.start(validKaInterval);
+            callback.expectStarted();
+            bogusLp.removeLinkAddress(new LinkAddress(myIPv4, 25));
+            bogusLp.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress(notMyIPv4, 25));
+            mWiFiNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(bogusLp);
+            callback.expectError(SocketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS);
+            mWiFiNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(lp);
+        }
+
+        // Check that a started keepalive is stopped correctly when the network disconnects.
+        try (SocketKeepalive ka = mCm.createSocketKeepalive(
+                myNet, testSocket, myIPv4, dstIPv4, executor, callback)) {
+            ka.start(validKaInterval);
+            callback.expectStarted();
+            mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+            mWiFiNetworkAgent.expectDisconnected();
+            callback.expectError(SocketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_NETWORK);
+
+            // ... and that stopping it after that has no adverse effects.
+            waitForIdle();
+            final Network myNetAlias = myNet;
+            assertNull(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(myNetAlias));
+            ka.stop();
+            callback.assertNoCallback();
+        }
+
+        // Reconnect.
+        myNet = connectKeepaliveNetwork(lp);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setStartKeepaliveEvent(SocketKeepalive.SUCCESS);
+
+        // Check that a stop followed by network disconnects does not result in crash.
+        try (SocketKeepalive ka = mCm.createSocketKeepalive(
+                myNet, testSocket, myIPv4, dstIPv4, executor, callback)) {
+            ka.start(validKaInterval);
+            callback.expectStarted();
+            // Delay the response of keepalive events in networkAgent long enough to make sure
+            // the follow-up network disconnection will be processed first.
+            mWiFiNetworkAgent.setKeepaliveResponseDelay(3 * TIMEOUT_MS);
+            ka.stop();
+            // Call stop() twice shouldn't result in crash, b/182586681.
+            ka.stop();
+
+            // Make sure the stop has been processed. Wait for executor idle is needed to prevent
+            // flaky since the actual stop call to the service is delegated to executor thread.
+            waitForIdleSerialExecutor(executor, TIMEOUT_MS);
+            waitForIdle();
+
+            mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+            mWiFiNetworkAgent.expectDisconnected();
+            callback.expectStopped();
+            callback.assertNoCallback();
+        }
+
+        // Reconnect.
+        waitForIdle();
+        myNet = connectKeepaliveNetwork(lp);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setStartKeepaliveEvent(SocketKeepalive.SUCCESS);
+
+        // Check that keepalive slots start from 1 and increment. The first one gets slot 1.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setExpectedKeepaliveSlot(1);
+        int srcPort2 = 0;
+        try (SocketKeepalive ka = mCm.createSocketKeepalive(
+                myNet, testSocket, myIPv4, dstIPv4, executor, callback)) {
+            ka.start(validKaInterval);
+            callback.expectStarted();
+
+            // The second one gets slot 2.
+            mWiFiNetworkAgent.setExpectedKeepaliveSlot(2);
+            final UdpEncapsulationSocket testSocket2 = mIpSec.openUdpEncapsulationSocket();
+            srcPort2 = testSocket2.getPort();
+            TestSocketKeepaliveCallback callback2 = new TestSocketKeepaliveCallback(executor);
+            try (SocketKeepalive ka2 = mCm.createSocketKeepalive(
+                    myNet, testSocket2, myIPv4, dstIPv4, executor, callback2)) {
+                ka2.start(validKaInterval);
+                callback2.expectStarted();
+
+                ka.stop();
+                callback.expectStopped();
+
+                ka2.stop();
+                callback2.expectStopped();
+
+                testSocket.close();
+                testSocket2.close();
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Check that there is no port leaked after all keepalives and sockets are closed.
+        // TODO: enable this check after ensuring a valid free port. See b/129512753#comment7.
+        // assertFalse(isUdpPortInUse(srcPort));
+        // assertFalse(isUdpPortInUse(srcPort2));
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.expectDisconnected();
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = null;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTcpSocketKeepalives() throws Exception {
+        runTestWithSerialExecutors(executor -> doTestTcpSocketKeepalivesWithExecutor(executor));
+    }
+
+    private void doTestTcpSocketKeepalivesWithExecutor(Executor executor) throws Exception {
+        final int srcPortV4 = 12345;
+        final int srcPortV6 = 23456;
+        final InetAddress myIPv4 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
+        final InetAddress myIPv6 = InetAddress.getByName("::1");
+
+        final int validKaInterval = 15;
+
+        final LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.setInterfaceName("wlan12");
+        lp.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress(myIPv6, 64));
+        lp.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress(myIPv4, 25));
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(InetAddress.getByName("fe80::1234")));
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.254")));
+
+        final Network notMyNet = new Network(61234);
+        final Network myNet = connectKeepaliveNetwork(lp);
+
+        final Socket testSocketV4 = new Socket();
+        final Socket testSocketV6 = new Socket();
+
+        TestSocketKeepaliveCallback callback = new TestSocketKeepaliveCallback(executor);
+
+        // Attempt to start Tcp keepalives with invalid parameters and check for errors.
+        // Invalid network.
+        try (SocketKeepalive ka = mCm.createSocketKeepalive(
+            notMyNet, testSocketV4, executor, callback)) {
+            ka.start(validKaInterval);
+            callback.expectError(SocketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_NETWORK);
+        }
+
+        // Invalid Socket (socket is not bound with IPv4 address).
+        try (SocketKeepalive ka = mCm.createSocketKeepalive(
+            myNet, testSocketV4, executor, callback)) {
+            ka.start(validKaInterval);
+            callback.expectError(SocketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_SOCKET);
+        }
+
+        // Invalid Socket (socket is not bound with IPv6 address).
+        try (SocketKeepalive ka = mCm.createSocketKeepalive(
+            myNet, testSocketV6, executor, callback)) {
+            ka.start(validKaInterval);
+            callback.expectError(SocketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_SOCKET);
+        }
+
+        // Bind the socket address
+        testSocketV4.bind(new InetSocketAddress(myIPv4, srcPortV4));
+        testSocketV6.bind(new InetSocketAddress(myIPv6, srcPortV6));
+
+        // Invalid Socket (socket is bound with IPv4 address).
+        try (SocketKeepalive ka = mCm.createSocketKeepalive(
+            myNet, testSocketV4, executor, callback)) {
+            ka.start(validKaInterval);
+            callback.expectError(SocketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_SOCKET);
+        }
+
+        // Invalid Socket (socket is bound with IPv6 address).
+        try (SocketKeepalive ka = mCm.createSocketKeepalive(
+            myNet, testSocketV6, executor, callback)) {
+            ka.start(validKaInterval);
+            callback.expectError(SocketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_SOCKET);
+        }
+
+        testSocketV4.close();
+        testSocketV6.close();
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.expectDisconnected();
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = null;
+    }
+
+    private void doTestNattSocketKeepalivesFdWithExecutor(Executor executor) throws Exception {
+        final InetAddress myIPv4 = InetAddress.getByName("192.0.2.129");
+        final InetAddress anyIPv4 = InetAddress.getByName("0.0.0.0");
+        final InetAddress dstIPv4 = InetAddress.getByName("8.8.8.8");
+        final int validKaInterval = 15;
+
+        // Prepare the target network.
+        LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.setInterfaceName("wlan12");
+        lp.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress(myIPv4, 25));
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(InetAddress.getByName("192.0.2.254")));
+        Network myNet = connectKeepaliveNetwork(lp);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setStartKeepaliveEvent(SocketKeepalive.SUCCESS);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setStopKeepaliveEvent(SocketKeepalive.SUCCESS);
+
+        TestSocketKeepaliveCallback callback = new TestSocketKeepaliveCallback(executor);
+
+        // Prepare the target file descriptor, keep only one instance.
+        final IpSecManager mIpSec = (IpSecManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.IPSEC_SERVICE);
+        final UdpEncapsulationSocket testSocket = mIpSec.openUdpEncapsulationSocket();
+        final int srcPort = testSocket.getPort();
+        final ParcelFileDescriptor testPfd =
+                ParcelFileDescriptor.dup(testSocket.getFileDescriptor());
+        testSocket.close();
+        assertTrue(isUdpPortInUse(srcPort));
+
+        // Start keepalive and explicit make the variable goes out of scope with try-with-resources
+        // block.
+        try (SocketKeepalive ka = mCm.createNattKeepalive(
+                myNet, testPfd, myIPv4, dstIPv4, executor, callback)) {
+            ka.start(validKaInterval);
+            callback.expectStarted();
+            ka.stop();
+            callback.expectStopped();
+        }
+
+        // Check that the ParcelFileDescriptor is still valid after keepalive stopped,
+        // ErrnoException with EBADF will be thrown if the socket is closed when checking local
+        // address.
+        assertTrue(isUdpPortInUse(srcPort));
+        final InetSocketAddress sa =
+                (InetSocketAddress) Os.getsockname(testPfd.getFileDescriptor());
+        assertEquals(anyIPv4, sa.getAddress());
+
+        testPfd.close();
+        // TODO: enable this check after ensuring a valid free port. See b/129512753#comment7.
+        // assertFalse(isUdpPortInUse(srcPort));
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.expectDisconnected();
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = null;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isUdpPortInUse(int port) {
+        try (DatagramSocket ignored = new DatagramSocket(port)) {
+            return false;
+        } catch (IOException alreadyInUse) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetCaptivePortalServerUrl() throws Exception {
+        String url = mCm.getCaptivePortalServerUrl();
+        assertEquals("http://connectivitycheck.gstatic.com/generate_204", url);
+    }
+
+    private static class TestNetworkPinner extends NetworkPinner {
+        public static boolean awaitPin(int timeoutMs) throws InterruptedException {
+            synchronized(sLock) {
+                if (sNetwork == null) {
+                    sLock.wait(timeoutMs);
+                }
+                return sNetwork != null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static boolean awaitUnpin(int timeoutMs) throws InterruptedException {
+            synchronized(sLock) {
+                if (sNetwork != null) {
+                    sLock.wait(timeoutMs);
+                }
+                return sNetwork == null;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void assertPinnedToWifiWithCellDefault() {
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getBoundNetworkForProcess());
+        assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+    }
+
+    private void assertPinnedToWifiWithWifiDefault() {
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getBoundNetworkForProcess());
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+    }
+
+    private void assertNotPinnedToWifi() {
+        assertNull(mCm.getBoundNetworkForProcess());
+        assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkPinner() throws Exception {
+        NetworkRequest wifiRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                .build();
+        assertNull(mCm.getBoundNetworkForProcess());
+
+        TestNetworkPinner.pin(mServiceContext, wifiRequest);
+        assertNull(mCm.getBoundNetworkForProcess());
+
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+
+        // When wi-fi connects, expect to be pinned.
+        assertTrue(TestNetworkPinner.awaitPin(100));
+        assertPinnedToWifiWithCellDefault();
+
+        // Disconnect and expect the pin to drop.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        assertTrue(TestNetworkPinner.awaitUnpin(100));
+        assertNotPinnedToWifi();
+
+        // Reconnecting does not cause the pin to come back.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        assertFalse(TestNetworkPinner.awaitPin(100));
+        assertNotPinnedToWifi();
+
+        // Pinning while connected causes the pin to take effect immediately.
+        TestNetworkPinner.pin(mServiceContext, wifiRequest);
+        assertTrue(TestNetworkPinner.awaitPin(100));
+        assertPinnedToWifiWithCellDefault();
+
+        // Explicitly unpin and expect to use the default network again.
+        TestNetworkPinner.unpin();
+        assertNotPinnedToWifi();
+
+        // Disconnect cell and wifi.
+        ExpectedBroadcast b = registerConnectivityBroadcast(3);  // cell down, wifi up, wifi down.
+        mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        b.expectBroadcast();
+
+        // Pinning takes effect even if the pinned network is the default when the pin is set...
+        TestNetworkPinner.pin(mServiceContext, wifiRequest);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        assertTrue(TestNetworkPinner.awaitPin(100));
+        assertPinnedToWifiWithWifiDefault();
+
+        // ... and is maintained even when that network is no longer the default.
+        b = registerConnectivityBroadcast(1);
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        b.expectBroadcast();
+        assertPinnedToWifiWithCellDefault();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkCallbackMaximum() throws Exception {
+        final int MAX_REQUESTS = 100;
+        final int CALLBACKS = 87;
+        final int DIFF_INTENTS = 10;
+        final int SAME_INTENTS = 10;
+        final int SYSTEM_ONLY_MAX_REQUESTS = 250;
+        // Assert 1 (Default request filed before testing) + CALLBACKS + DIFF_INTENTS +
+        // 1 (same intent) = MAX_REQUESTS - 1, since the capacity is MAX_REQUEST - 1.
+        assertEquals(MAX_REQUESTS - 1, 1 + CALLBACKS + DIFF_INTENTS + 1);
+
+        NetworkRequest networkRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder().build();
+        ArrayList<Object> registered = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < CALLBACKS; j++) {
+            final NetworkCallback cb = new NetworkCallback();
+            if (j < CALLBACKS / 2) {
+                mCm.requestNetwork(networkRequest, cb);
+            } else {
+                mCm.registerNetworkCallback(networkRequest, cb);
+            }
+            registered.add(cb);
+        }
+
+        // Since ConnectivityService will de-duplicate the request with the same intent,
+        // register multiple times does not really increase multiple requests.
+        final PendingIntent same_pi = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(mContext, 0 /* requestCode */,
+                new Intent("same"), FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
+        for (int j = 0; j < SAME_INTENTS; j++) {
+            mCm.registerNetworkCallback(networkRequest, same_pi);
+            // Wait for the requests with the same intent to be de-duplicated. Because
+            // ConnectivityService side incrementCountOrThrow in binder, decrementCount in handler
+            // thread, waitForIdle is needed to ensure decrementCount being invoked for same intent
+            // requests before doing further tests.
+            waitForIdle();
+        }
+        for (int j = 0; j < SAME_INTENTS; j++) {
+            mCm.requestNetwork(networkRequest, same_pi);
+            // Wait for the requests with the same intent to be de-duplicated.
+            // Refer to the reason above.
+            waitForIdle();
+        }
+        registered.add(same_pi);
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < DIFF_INTENTS; j++) {
+            if (j < DIFF_INTENTS / 2) {
+                final PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(mContext, 0 /* requestCode */,
+                        new Intent("a" + j), FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
+                mCm.requestNetwork(networkRequest, pi);
+                registered.add(pi);
+            } else {
+                final PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(mContext, 0 /* requestCode */,
+                        new Intent("b" + j), FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
+                mCm.registerNetworkCallback(networkRequest, pi);
+                registered.add(pi);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Test that the limit is enforced when MAX_REQUESTS simultaneous requests are added.
+        assertThrows(TooManyRequestsException.class, () ->
+                mCm.requestNetwork(networkRequest, new NetworkCallback())
+        );
+        assertThrows(TooManyRequestsException.class, () ->
+                mCm.registerNetworkCallback(networkRequest, new NetworkCallback())
+        );
+        assertThrows(TooManyRequestsException.class, () ->
+                mCm.requestNetwork(networkRequest,
+                        PendingIntent.getBroadcast(mContext, 0 /* requestCode */,
+                                new Intent("c"), FLAG_IMMUTABLE))
+        );
+        assertThrows(TooManyRequestsException.class, () ->
+                mCm.registerNetworkCallback(networkRequest,
+                        PendingIntent.getBroadcast(mContext, 0 /* requestCode */,
+                                new Intent("d"), FLAG_IMMUTABLE))
+        );
+
+        // The system gets another SYSTEM_ONLY_MAX_REQUESTS slots.
+        final Handler handler = new Handler(ConnectivityThread.getInstanceLooper());
+        withPermission(NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, () -> {
+            ArrayList<NetworkCallback> systemRegistered = new ArrayList<>();
+            for (int i = 0; i < SYSTEM_ONLY_MAX_REQUESTS - 1; i++) {
+                NetworkCallback cb = new NetworkCallback();
+                if (i % 2 == 0) {
+                    mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(1000000 + i, cb, handler);
+                } else {
+                    mCm.registerNetworkCallback(networkRequest, cb);
+                }
+                systemRegistered.add(cb);
+            }
+            waitForIdle();
+
+            assertThrows(TooManyRequestsException.class, () ->
+                    mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(1001042, new NetworkCallback(),
+                            handler));
+            assertThrows(TooManyRequestsException.class, () ->
+                    mCm.registerNetworkCallback(networkRequest, new NetworkCallback()));
+
+            for (NetworkCallback callback : systemRegistered) {
+                mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
+            }
+            waitForIdle();  // Wait for requests to be unregistered before giving up the permission.
+        });
+
+        for (Object o : registered) {
+            if (o instanceof NetworkCallback) {
+                mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback((NetworkCallback) o);
+            }
+            if (o instanceof PendingIntent) {
+                mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback((PendingIntent) o);
+            }
+        }
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        // Test that the limit is not hit when MAX_REQUESTS requests are added and removed.
+        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_REQUESTS; i++) {
+            NetworkCallback networkCallback = new NetworkCallback();
+            mCm.requestNetwork(networkRequest, networkCallback);
+            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
+        }
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_REQUESTS; i++) {
+            NetworkCallback networkCallback = new NetworkCallback();
+            mCm.registerNetworkCallback(networkRequest, networkCallback);
+            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
+        }
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_REQUESTS; i++) {
+            NetworkCallback networkCallback = new NetworkCallback();
+            mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
+            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
+        }
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_REQUESTS; i++) {
+            NetworkCallback networkCallback = new NetworkCallback();
+            mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
+            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
+        }
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        withPermission(NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, () -> {
+            for (int i = 0; i < MAX_REQUESTS; i++) {
+                NetworkCallback networkCallback = new NetworkCallback();
+                mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(1000000 + i, networkCallback,
+                        new Handler(ConnectivityThread.getInstanceLooper()));
+                mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
+            }
+        });
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_REQUESTS; i++) {
+            final PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(
+                    mContext, 0 /* requestCode */, new Intent("e" + i), FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
+            mCm.requestNetwork(networkRequest, pendingIntent);
+            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(pendingIntent);
+        }
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_REQUESTS; i++) {
+            final PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(
+                    mContext, 0 /* requestCode */, new Intent("f" + i), FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
+            mCm.registerNetworkCallback(networkRequest, pendingIntent);
+            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(pendingIntent);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkInfoOfTypeNone() throws Exception {
+        ExpectedBroadcast b = registerConnectivityBroadcast(1);
+
+        verifyNoNetwork();
+        TestNetworkAgentWrapper wifiAware = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI_AWARE);
+        assertNull(mCm.getActiveNetworkInfo());
+
+        Network[] allNetworks = mCm.getAllNetworks();
+        assertLength(1, allNetworks);
+        Network network = allNetworks[0];
+        NetworkCapabilities capabilities = mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(network);
+        assertTrue(capabilities.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI_AWARE));
+
+        final NetworkRequest request =
+                new NetworkRequest.Builder().addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI_AWARE).build();
+        final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(request, callback);
+
+        // Bring up wifi aware network.
+        wifiAware.connect(false, false, false /* isStrictMode */);
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(wifiAware);
+
+        assertNull(mCm.getActiveNetworkInfo());
+        assertNull(mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        // TODO: getAllNetworkInfo is dirty and returns a non-empty array right from the start
+        // of this test. Fix it and uncomment the assert below.
+        //assertEmpty(mCm.getAllNetworkInfo());
+
+        // Disconnect wifi aware network.
+        wifiAware.disconnect();
+        callback.expectCallbackThat(TIMEOUT_MS, (info) -> info instanceof CallbackEntry.Lost);
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
+
+        verifyNoNetwork();
+        b.expectNoBroadcast(10);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDeprecatedAndUnsupportedOperations() throws Exception {
+        final int TYPE_NONE = ConnectivityManager.TYPE_NONE;
+        assertNull(mCm.getNetworkInfo(TYPE_NONE));
+        assertNull(mCm.getNetworkForType(TYPE_NONE));
+        assertNull(mCm.getLinkProperties(TYPE_NONE));
+        assertFalse(mCm.isNetworkSupported(TYPE_NONE));
+
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> mCm.networkCapabilitiesForType(TYPE_NONE));
+
+        Class<UnsupportedOperationException> unsupported = UnsupportedOperationException.class;
+        assertThrows(unsupported, () -> mCm.startUsingNetworkFeature(TYPE_WIFI, ""));
+        assertThrows(unsupported, () -> mCm.stopUsingNetworkFeature(TYPE_WIFI, ""));
+        // TODO: let test context have configuration application target sdk version
+        // and test that pre-M requesting for TYPE_NONE sends back APN_REQUEST_FAILED
+        assertThrows(unsupported, () -> mCm.startUsingNetworkFeature(TYPE_NONE, ""));
+        assertThrows(unsupported, () -> mCm.stopUsingNetworkFeature(TYPE_NONE, ""));
+        assertThrows(unsupported, () -> mCm.requestRouteToHostAddress(TYPE_NONE, null));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLinkPropertiesEnsuresDirectlyConnectedRoutes() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkRequest networkRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI).build();
+        final TestNetworkCallback networkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(networkRequest, networkCallback);
+
+        LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.setInterfaceName(WIFI_IFNAME);
+        LinkAddress myIpv4Address = new LinkAddress("192.168.12.3/24");
+        RouteInfo myIpv4DefaultRoute = new RouteInfo((IpPrefix) null,
+                InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("192.168.12.1"), lp.getInterfaceName());
+        lp.addLinkAddress(myIpv4Address);
+        lp.addRoute(myIpv4DefaultRoute);
+
+        // Verify direct routes are added when network agent is first registered in
+        // ConnectivityService.
+        TestNetworkAgentWrapper networkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI, lp);
+        networkAgent.connect(true);
+        networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.AVAILABLE, networkAgent);
+        networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.NETWORK_CAPS_UPDATED, networkAgent);
+        CallbackEntry.LinkPropertiesChanged cbi =
+                networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LINK_PROPERTIES_CHANGED,
+                networkAgent);
+        networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.BLOCKED_STATUS, networkAgent);
+        networkCallback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED, networkAgent);
+        networkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        checkDirectlyConnectedRoutes(cbi.getLp(), asList(myIpv4Address),
+                asList(myIpv4DefaultRoute));
+        checkDirectlyConnectedRoutes(mCm.getLinkProperties(networkAgent.getNetwork()),
+                asList(myIpv4Address), asList(myIpv4DefaultRoute));
+
+        // Verify direct routes are added during subsequent link properties updates.
+        LinkProperties newLp = new LinkProperties(lp);
+        LinkAddress myIpv6Address1 = new LinkAddress("fe80::cafe/64");
+        LinkAddress myIpv6Address2 = new LinkAddress("2001:db8::2/64");
+        newLp.addLinkAddress(myIpv6Address1);
+        newLp.addLinkAddress(myIpv6Address2);
+        networkAgent.sendLinkProperties(newLp);
+        cbi = networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LINK_PROPERTIES_CHANGED, networkAgent);
+        networkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        checkDirectlyConnectedRoutes(cbi.getLp(),
+                asList(myIpv4Address, myIpv6Address1, myIpv6Address2),
+                asList(myIpv4DefaultRoute));
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
+    }
+
+    private void expectNotifyNetworkStatus(List<Network> defaultNetworks, String defaultIface,
+            Integer vpnUid, String vpnIfname, List<String> underlyingIfaces) throws Exception {
+        ArgumentCaptor<List<Network>> defaultNetworksCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(List.class);
+        ArgumentCaptor<List<UnderlyingNetworkInfo>> vpnInfosCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(List.class);
+
+        verify(mStatsManager, atLeastOnce()).notifyNetworkStatus(defaultNetworksCaptor.capture(),
+                any(List.class), eq(defaultIface), vpnInfosCaptor.capture());
+
+        assertSameElements(defaultNetworks, defaultNetworksCaptor.getValue());
+
+        List<UnderlyingNetworkInfo> infos = vpnInfosCaptor.getValue();
+        if (vpnUid != null) {
+            assertEquals("Should have exactly one VPN:", 1, infos.size());
+            UnderlyingNetworkInfo info = infos.get(0);
+            assertEquals("Unexpected VPN owner:", (int) vpnUid, info.getOwnerUid());
+            assertEquals("Unexpected VPN interface:", vpnIfname, info.getInterface());
+            assertSameElements(underlyingIfaces, info.getUnderlyingInterfaces());
+        } else {
+            assertEquals(0, infos.size());
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void expectNotifyNetworkStatus(
+            List<Network> defaultNetworks, String defaultIface) throws Exception {
+        expectNotifyNetworkStatus(defaultNetworks, defaultIface, null, null, List.of());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStatsIfacesChanged() throws Exception {
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+
+        final List<Network> onlyCell = List.of(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+        final List<Network> onlyWifi = List.of(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+
+        LinkProperties cellLp = new LinkProperties();
+        cellLp.setInterfaceName(MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        LinkProperties wifiLp = new LinkProperties();
+        wifiLp.setInterfaceName(WIFI_IFNAME);
+
+        // Simple connection should have updated ifaces
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(cellLp);
+        waitForIdle();
+        expectNotifyNetworkStatus(onlyCell, MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        reset(mStatsManager);
+
+        // Default network switch should update ifaces.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(wifiLp);
+        waitForIdle();
+        assertEquals(wifiLp, mService.getActiveLinkProperties());
+        expectNotifyNetworkStatus(onlyWifi, WIFI_IFNAME);
+        reset(mStatsManager);
+
+        // Disconnect should update ifaces.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        waitForIdle();
+        expectNotifyNetworkStatus(onlyCell, MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        reset(mStatsManager);
+
+        // Metered change should update ifaces
+        mCellNetworkAgent.addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        waitForIdle();
+        expectNotifyNetworkStatus(onlyCell, MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        reset(mStatsManager);
+
+        mCellNetworkAgent.removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        waitForIdle();
+        expectNotifyNetworkStatus(onlyCell, MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        reset(mStatsManager);
+
+        // Temp metered change shouldn't update ifaces
+        mCellNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED);
+        waitForIdle();
+        verify(mStatsManager, never()).notifyNetworkStatus(eq(onlyCell),
+                any(List.class), eq(MOBILE_IFNAME), any(List.class));
+        reset(mStatsManager);
+
+        // Roaming change should update ifaces
+        mCellNetworkAgent.addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING);
+        waitForIdle();
+        expectNotifyNetworkStatus(onlyCell, MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        reset(mStatsManager);
+
+        // Test VPNs.
+        final LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.setInterfaceName(VPN_IFNAME);
+
+        mMockVpn.establishForMyUid(lp);
+        assertUidRangesUpdatedForMyUid(true);
+
+        final List<Network> cellAndVpn =
+                List.of(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mMockVpn.getNetwork());
+
+        // A VPN with default (null) underlying networks sets the underlying network's interfaces...
+        expectNotifyNetworkStatus(cellAndVpn, MOBILE_IFNAME, Process.myUid(), VPN_IFNAME,
+                List.of(MOBILE_IFNAME));
+
+        // ...and updates them as the default network switches.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(wifiLp);
+        final Network[] onlyNull = new Network[]{null};
+        final List<Network> wifiAndVpn =
+                List.of(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mMockVpn.getNetwork());
+        final List<Network> cellAndWifi =
+                List.of(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+        final Network[] cellNullAndWifi =
+                new Network[]{mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), null, mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork()};
+
+        waitForIdle();
+        assertEquals(wifiLp, mService.getActiveLinkProperties());
+        expectNotifyNetworkStatus(wifiAndVpn, WIFI_IFNAME, Process.myUid(), VPN_IFNAME,
+                List.of(WIFI_IFNAME));
+        reset(mStatsManager);
+
+        // A VPN that sets its underlying networks passes the underlying interfaces, and influences
+        // the default interface sent to NetworkStatsService by virtue of applying to the system
+        // server UID (or, in this test, to the test's UID). This is the reason for sending
+        // MOBILE_IFNAME even though the default network is wifi.
+        // TODO: fix this to pass in the actual default network interface. Whether or not the VPN
+        // applies to the system server UID should not have any bearing on network stats.
+        mMockVpn.setUnderlyingNetworks(onlyCell.toArray(new Network[0]));
+        waitForIdle();
+        expectNotifyNetworkStatus(wifiAndVpn, MOBILE_IFNAME, Process.myUid(), VPN_IFNAME,
+                List.of(MOBILE_IFNAME));
+        reset(mStatsManager);
+
+        mMockVpn.setUnderlyingNetworks(cellAndWifi.toArray(new Network[0]));
+        waitForIdle();
+        expectNotifyNetworkStatus(wifiAndVpn, MOBILE_IFNAME, Process.myUid(), VPN_IFNAME,
+                List.of(MOBILE_IFNAME, WIFI_IFNAME));
+        reset(mStatsManager);
+
+        // Null underlying networks are ignored.
+        mMockVpn.setUnderlyingNetworks(cellNullAndWifi);
+        waitForIdle();
+        expectNotifyNetworkStatus(wifiAndVpn, MOBILE_IFNAME, Process.myUid(), VPN_IFNAME,
+                List.of(MOBILE_IFNAME, WIFI_IFNAME));
+        reset(mStatsManager);
+
+        // If an underlying network disconnects, that interface should no longer be underlying.
+        // This doesn't actually work because disconnectAndDestroyNetwork only notifies
+        // NetworkStatsService before the underlying network is actually removed. So the underlying
+        // network will only be removed if notifyIfacesChangedForNetworkStats is called again. This
+        // could result in incorrect data usage measurements if the interface used by the
+        // disconnected network is reused by a system component that does not register an agent for
+        // it (e.g., tethering).
+        mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        waitForIdle();
+        assertNull(mService.getLinkProperties(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork()));
+        expectNotifyNetworkStatus(wifiAndVpn, MOBILE_IFNAME, Process.myUid(), VPN_IFNAME,
+                List.of(MOBILE_IFNAME, WIFI_IFNAME));
+
+        // Confirm that we never tell NetworkStatsService that cell is no longer the underlying
+        // network for the VPN...
+        verify(mStatsManager, never()).notifyNetworkStatus(any(List.class),
+                any(List.class), any() /* anyString() doesn't match null */,
+                argThat(infos -> infos.get(0).getUnderlyingInterfaces().size() == 1
+                        && WIFI_IFNAME.equals(infos.get(0).getUnderlyingInterfaces().get(0))));
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mStatsManager);
+        reset(mStatsManager);
+
+        // ... but if something else happens that causes notifyIfacesChangedForNetworkStats to be
+        // called again, it does. For example, connect Ethernet, but with a low score, such that it
+        // does not become the default network.
+        mEthernetNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET);
+        mEthernetNetworkAgent.setScore(
+                new NetworkScore.Builder().setLegacyInt(30).setExiting(true).build());
+        mEthernetNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        waitForIdle();
+        verify(mStatsManager).notifyNetworkStatus(any(List.class),
+                any(List.class), any() /* anyString() doesn't match null */,
+                argThat(vpnInfos -> vpnInfos.get(0).getUnderlyingInterfaces().size() == 1
+                        && WIFI_IFNAME.equals(vpnInfos.get(0).getUnderlyingInterfaces().get(0))));
+        mEthernetNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        waitForIdle();
+        reset(mStatsManager);
+
+        // When a VPN declares no underlying networks (i.e., no connectivity), getAllVpnInfo
+        // does not return the VPN, so CS does not pass it to NetworkStatsService. This causes
+        // NetworkStatsFactory#adjustForTunAnd464Xlat not to attempt any VPN data migration, which
+        // is probably a performance improvement (though it's very unlikely that a VPN would declare
+        // no underlying networks).
+        // Also, for the same reason as above, the active interface passed in is null.
+        mMockVpn.setUnderlyingNetworks(new Network[0]);
+        waitForIdle();
+        expectNotifyNetworkStatus(wifiAndVpn, null);
+        reset(mStatsManager);
+
+        // Specifying only a null underlying network is the same as no networks.
+        mMockVpn.setUnderlyingNetworks(onlyNull);
+        waitForIdle();
+        expectNotifyNetworkStatus(wifiAndVpn, null);
+        reset(mStatsManager);
+
+        // Specifying networks that are all disconnected is the same as specifying no networks.
+        mMockVpn.setUnderlyingNetworks(onlyCell.toArray(new Network[0]));
+        waitForIdle();
+        expectNotifyNetworkStatus(wifiAndVpn, null);
+        reset(mStatsManager);
+
+        // Passing in null again means follow the default network again.
+        mMockVpn.setUnderlyingNetworks(null);
+        waitForIdle();
+        expectNotifyNetworkStatus(wifiAndVpn, WIFI_IFNAME, Process.myUid(), VPN_IFNAME,
+                List.of(WIFI_IFNAME));
+        reset(mStatsManager);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAdminUidsRedacted() throws Exception {
+        final int[] adminUids = new int[] {Process.myUid() + 1};
+        final NetworkCapabilities ncTemplate = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        ncTemplate.setAdministratorUids(adminUids);
+        mCellNetworkAgent =
+                new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, new LinkProperties(), ncTemplate);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(false /* validated */);
+
+        // Verify case where caller has permission
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(
+                NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(callback);
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.AVAILABLE, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesThat(
+                mCellNetworkAgent, nc -> Arrays.equals(adminUids, nc.getAdministratorUids()));
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
+
+        // Verify case where caller does NOT have permission
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(
+                NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_DENIED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_DENIED);
+        callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(callback);
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.AVAILABLE, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesThat(
+                mCellNetworkAgent, nc -> nc.getAdministratorUids().length == 0);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNonVpnUnderlyingNetworks() throws Exception {
+        // Ensure wifi and cellular are not torn down.
+        for (int transport : new int[]{TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, TRANSPORT_WIFI}) {
+            final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                    .addTransportType(transport)
+                    .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+                    .build();
+            mCm.requestNetwork(request, new NetworkCallback());
+        }
+
+        // Connect a VCN-managed wifi network.
+        final LinkProperties wifiLp = new LinkProperties();
+        wifiLp.setInterfaceName(WIFI_IFNAME);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI, wifiLp);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true /* validated */);
+
+        final List<Network> none = List.of();
+        expectNotifyNetworkStatus(none, null);  // Wifi is not the default network
+
+        // Create a virtual network based on the wifi network.
+        final int ownerUid = 10042;
+        NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .setOwnerUid(ownerUid)
+                .setAdministratorUids(new int[]{ownerUid})
+                .build();
+        final String vcnIface = "ipsec42";
+        final LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.setInterfaceName(vcnIface);
+        final TestNetworkAgentWrapper vcn = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, lp, nc);
+        vcn.setUnderlyingNetworks(List.of(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork()));
+        vcn.connect(false /* validated */);
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(callback);
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(vcn);
+
+        // The underlying wifi network's capabilities are not propagated to the virtual network,
+        // but NetworkStatsService is informed of the underlying interface.
+        nc = mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(vcn.getNetwork());
+        assertFalse(nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
+        assertFalse(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED));
+        final List<Network> onlyVcn = List.of(vcn.getNetwork());
+        expectNotifyNetworkStatus(onlyVcn, vcnIface, ownerUid, vcnIface, List.of(WIFI_IFNAME));
+
+        // Add NOT_METERED to the underlying network, check that it is not propagated.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        callback.assertNoCallback();
+        nc = mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(vcn.getNetwork());
+        assertFalse(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED));
+
+        // Switch underlying networks.
+        final LinkProperties cellLp = new LinkProperties();
+        cellLp.setInterfaceName(MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, cellLp);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(false /* validated */);
+        vcn.setUnderlyingNetworks(List.of(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork()));
+
+        // The underlying capability changes do not propagate to the virtual network, but
+        // NetworkStatsService is informed of the new underlying interface.
+        callback.assertNoCallback();
+        nc = mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(vcn.getNetwork());
+        assertFalse(nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
+        assertFalse(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING));
+        expectNotifyNetworkStatus(onlyVcn, vcnIface, ownerUid, vcnIface, List.of(MOBILE_IFNAME));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBasicDnsConfigurationPushed() throws Exception {
+        setPrivateDnsSettings(PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC, "ignored.example.com");
+
+        // Clear any interactions that occur as a result of CS starting up.
+        reset(mMockDnsResolver);
+
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        waitForIdle();
+        verify(mMockDnsResolver, never()).setResolverConfiguration(any());
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mMockDnsResolver);
+
+        final LinkProperties cellLp = new LinkProperties();
+        cellLp.setInterfaceName(MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        // Add IPv4 and IPv6 default routes, because DNS-over-TLS code does
+        // "is-reachable" testing in order to not program netd with unreachable
+        // nameservers that it might try repeated to validate.
+        cellLp.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("192.0.2.4/24"));
+        cellLp.addRoute(new RouteInfo((IpPrefix) null, InetAddress.getByName("192.0.2.4"),
+                MOBILE_IFNAME));
+        cellLp.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("2001:db8:1::1/64"));
+        cellLp.addRoute(new RouteInfo((IpPrefix) null, InetAddress.getByName("2001:db8:1::1"),
+                MOBILE_IFNAME));
+        mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(cellLp);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        verify(mMockDnsResolver, times(1)).createNetworkCache(
+                eq(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId));
+        // CS tells dnsresolver about the empty DNS config for this network.
+        verify(mMockDnsResolver, atLeastOnce()).setResolverConfiguration(any());
+        reset(mMockDnsResolver);
+
+        cellLp.addDnsServer(InetAddress.getByName("2001:db8::1"));
+        mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(cellLp);
+        waitForIdle();
+        verify(mMockDnsResolver, atLeastOnce()).setResolverConfiguration(
+                mResolverParamsParcelCaptor.capture());
+        ResolverParamsParcel resolvrParams = mResolverParamsParcelCaptor.getValue();
+        assertEquals(1, resolvrParams.servers.length);
+        assertTrue(CollectionUtils.contains(resolvrParams.servers, "2001:db8::1"));
+        // Opportunistic mode.
+        assertTrue(CollectionUtils.contains(resolvrParams.tlsServers, "2001:db8::1"));
+        reset(mMockDnsResolver);
+
+        cellLp.addDnsServer(InetAddress.getByName("192.0.2.1"));
+        mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(cellLp);
+        waitForIdle();
+        verify(mMockDnsResolver, atLeastOnce()).setResolverConfiguration(
+                mResolverParamsParcelCaptor.capture());
+        resolvrParams = mResolverParamsParcelCaptor.getValue();
+        assertEquals(2, resolvrParams.servers.length);
+        assertTrue(new ArraySet<>(resolvrParams.servers).containsAll(
+                asList("2001:db8::1", "192.0.2.1")));
+        // Opportunistic mode.
+        assertEquals(2, resolvrParams.tlsServers.length);
+        assertTrue(new ArraySet<>(resolvrParams.tlsServers).containsAll(
+                asList("2001:db8::1", "192.0.2.1")));
+        reset(mMockDnsResolver);
+
+        final String TLS_SPECIFIER = "tls.example.com";
+        final String TLS_SERVER6 = "2001:db8:53::53";
+        final InetAddress[] TLS_IPS = new InetAddress[]{ InetAddress.getByName(TLS_SERVER6) };
+        final String[] TLS_SERVERS = new String[]{ TLS_SERVER6 };
+        mCellNetworkAgent.mNmCallbacks.notifyPrivateDnsConfigResolved(
+                new PrivateDnsConfig(TLS_SPECIFIER, TLS_IPS).toParcel());
+
+        waitForIdle();
+        verify(mMockDnsResolver, atLeastOnce()).setResolverConfiguration(
+                mResolverParamsParcelCaptor.capture());
+        resolvrParams = mResolverParamsParcelCaptor.getValue();
+        assertEquals(2, resolvrParams.servers.length);
+        assertTrue(new ArraySet<>(resolvrParams.servers).containsAll(
+                asList("2001:db8::1", "192.0.2.1")));
+        reset(mMockDnsResolver);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDnsConfigurationTransTypesPushed() throws Exception {
+        // Clear any interactions that occur as a result of CS starting up.
+        reset(mMockDnsResolver);
+
+        final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .clearCapabilities().addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .build();
+        final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(request, callback);
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        verify(mMockDnsResolver, times(1)).createNetworkCache(
+                eq(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId));
+        verify(mMockDnsResolver, times(2)).setResolverConfiguration(
+                mResolverParamsParcelCaptor.capture());
+        final ResolverParamsParcel resolverParams = mResolverParamsParcelCaptor.getValue();
+        assertContainsExactly(resolverParams.transportTypes, TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        reset(mMockDnsResolver);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrivateDnsNotification() throws Exception {
+        NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .clearCapabilities().addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .build();
+        TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(request, callback);
+        // Bring up wifi.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        // Private DNS resolution failed, checking if the notification will be shown or not.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkInvalid(true /* isStrictMode */);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.mNetworkMonitor.forceReevaluation(Process.myUid());
+        waitForIdle();
+        // If network validation failed, NetworkMonitor will re-evaluate the network.
+        // ConnectivityService should filter the redundant notification. This part is trying to
+        // simulate that situation and check if ConnectivityService could filter that case.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.mNetworkMonitor.forceReevaluation(Process.myUid());
+        waitForIdle();
+        verify(mNotificationManager, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS).times(1)).notify(anyString(),
+                eq(NotificationType.PRIVATE_DNS_BROKEN.eventId), any());
+        // If private DNS resolution successful, the PRIVATE_DNS_BROKEN notification shouldn't be
+        // shown.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkValid(true /* isStrictMode */);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.mNetworkMonitor.forceReevaluation(Process.myUid());
+        waitForIdle();
+        verify(mNotificationManager, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS).times(1)).cancel(anyString(),
+                eq(NotificationType.PRIVATE_DNS_BROKEN.eventId));
+        // If private DNS resolution failed again, the PRIVATE_DNS_BROKEN notification should be
+        // shown again.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkInvalid(true /* isStrictMode */);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.mNetworkMonitor.forceReevaluation(Process.myUid());
+        waitForIdle();
+        verify(mNotificationManager, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS).times(2)).notify(anyString(),
+                eq(NotificationType.PRIVATE_DNS_BROKEN.eventId), any());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrivateDnsSettingsChange() throws Exception {
+        // Clear any interactions that occur as a result of CS starting up.
+        reset(mMockDnsResolver);
+
+        // The default on Android is opportunistic mode ("Automatic").
+        setPrivateDnsSettings(PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC, "ignored.example.com");
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback cellNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest cellRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR).build();
+        mCm.requestNetwork(cellRequest, cellNetworkCallback);
+
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        waitForIdle();
+        // CS tells netd about the empty DNS config for this network.
+        verify(mMockDnsResolver, never()).setResolverConfiguration(any());
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mMockDnsResolver);
+
+        final LinkProperties cellLp = new LinkProperties();
+        cellLp.setInterfaceName(MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        // Add IPv4 and IPv6 default routes, because DNS-over-TLS code does
+        // "is-reachable" testing in order to not program netd with unreachable
+        // nameservers that it might try repeated to validate.
+        cellLp.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("192.0.2.4/24"));
+        cellLp.addRoute(new RouteInfo((IpPrefix) null, InetAddress.getByName("192.0.2.4"),
+                MOBILE_IFNAME));
+        cellLp.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("2001:db8:1::1/64"));
+        cellLp.addRoute(new RouteInfo((IpPrefix) null, InetAddress.getByName("2001:db8:1::1"),
+                MOBILE_IFNAME));
+        cellLp.addDnsServer(InetAddress.getByName("2001:db8::1"));
+        cellLp.addDnsServer(InetAddress.getByName("192.0.2.1"));
+
+        mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(cellLp);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        waitForIdle();
+        verify(mMockDnsResolver, times(1)).createNetworkCache(
+                eq(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId));
+        verify(mMockDnsResolver, atLeastOnce()).setResolverConfiguration(
+                mResolverParamsParcelCaptor.capture());
+        ResolverParamsParcel resolvrParams = mResolverParamsParcelCaptor.getValue();
+        assertEquals(2, resolvrParams.tlsServers.length);
+        assertTrue(new ArraySet<>(resolvrParams.tlsServers).containsAll(
+                asList("2001:db8::1", "192.0.2.1")));
+        // Opportunistic mode.
+        assertEquals(2, resolvrParams.tlsServers.length);
+        assertTrue(new ArraySet<>(resolvrParams.tlsServers).containsAll(
+                asList("2001:db8::1", "192.0.2.1")));
+        reset(mMockDnsResolver);
+        cellNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.AVAILABLE, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        cellNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.NETWORK_CAPS_UPDATED,
+                mCellNetworkAgent);
+        CallbackEntry.LinkPropertiesChanged cbi = cellNetworkCallback.expectCallback(
+                CallbackEntry.LINK_PROPERTIES_CHANGED, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        cellNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.BLOCKED_STATUS, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        cellNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        assertFalse(cbi.getLp().isPrivateDnsActive());
+        assertNull(cbi.getLp().getPrivateDnsServerName());
+
+        setPrivateDnsSettings(PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OFF, "ignored.example.com");
+        verify(mMockDnsResolver, times(1)).setResolverConfiguration(
+                mResolverParamsParcelCaptor.capture());
+        resolvrParams = mResolverParamsParcelCaptor.getValue();
+        assertEquals(2, resolvrParams.servers.length);
+        assertTrue(new ArraySet<>(resolvrParams.servers).containsAll(
+                asList("2001:db8::1", "192.0.2.1")));
+        reset(mMockDnsResolver);
+        cellNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        setPrivateDnsSettings(PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC, "ignored.example.com");
+        verify(mMockDnsResolver, atLeastOnce()).setResolverConfiguration(
+                mResolverParamsParcelCaptor.capture());
+        resolvrParams = mResolverParamsParcelCaptor.getValue();
+        assertEquals(2, resolvrParams.servers.length);
+        assertTrue(new ArraySet<>(resolvrParams.servers).containsAll(
+                asList("2001:db8::1", "192.0.2.1")));
+        assertEquals(2, resolvrParams.tlsServers.length);
+        assertTrue(new ArraySet<>(resolvrParams.tlsServers).containsAll(
+                asList("2001:db8::1", "192.0.2.1")));
+        reset(mMockDnsResolver);
+        cellNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        setPrivateDnsSettings(PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_PROVIDER_HOSTNAME, "strict.example.com");
+        // Can't test dns configuration for strict mode without properly mocking
+        // out the DNS lookups, but can test that LinkProperties is updated.
+        cbi = cellNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LINK_PROPERTIES_CHANGED,
+                mCellNetworkAgent);
+        cellNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        assertTrue(cbi.getLp().isPrivateDnsActive());
+        assertEquals("strict.example.com", cbi.getLp().getPrivateDnsServerName());
+    }
+
+    private PrivateDnsValidationEventParcel makePrivateDnsValidationEvent(
+            final int netId, final String ipAddress, final String hostname, final int validation) {
+        final PrivateDnsValidationEventParcel event = new PrivateDnsValidationEventParcel();
+        event.netId = netId;
+        event.ipAddress = ipAddress;
+        event.hostname = hostname;
+        event.validation = validation;
+        return event;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLinkPropertiesWithPrivateDnsValidationEvents() throws Exception {
+        // The default on Android is opportunistic mode ("Automatic").
+        setPrivateDnsSettings(PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC, "ignored.example.com");
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback cellNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest cellRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR).build();
+        mCm.requestNetwork(cellRequest, cellNetworkCallback);
+
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        waitForIdle();
+        LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(lp);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        waitForIdle();
+        cellNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.AVAILABLE, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        cellNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.NETWORK_CAPS_UPDATED,
+                mCellNetworkAgent);
+        CallbackEntry.LinkPropertiesChanged cbi = cellNetworkCallback.expectCallback(
+                CallbackEntry.LINK_PROPERTIES_CHANGED, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        cellNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.BLOCKED_STATUS, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        cellNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        assertFalse(cbi.getLp().isPrivateDnsActive());
+        assertNull(cbi.getLp().getPrivateDnsServerName());
+        Set<InetAddress> dnsServers = new HashSet<>();
+        checkDnsServers(cbi.getLp(), dnsServers);
+
+        // Send a validation event for a server that is not part of the current
+        // resolver config. The validation event should be ignored.
+        mService.mResolverUnsolEventCallback.onPrivateDnsValidationEvent(
+                makePrivateDnsValidationEvent(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, "",
+                        "145.100.185.18", VALIDATION_RESULT_SUCCESS));
+        cellNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // Add a dns server to the LinkProperties.
+        LinkProperties lp2 = new LinkProperties(lp);
+        lp2.addDnsServer(InetAddress.getByName("145.100.185.16"));
+        mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(lp2);
+        cbi = cellNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LINK_PROPERTIES_CHANGED,
+                mCellNetworkAgent);
+        cellNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        assertFalse(cbi.getLp().isPrivateDnsActive());
+        assertNull(cbi.getLp().getPrivateDnsServerName());
+        dnsServers.add(InetAddress.getByName("145.100.185.16"));
+        checkDnsServers(cbi.getLp(), dnsServers);
+
+        // Send a validation event containing a hostname that is not part of
+        // the current resolver config. The validation event should be ignored.
+        mService.mResolverUnsolEventCallback.onPrivateDnsValidationEvent(
+                makePrivateDnsValidationEvent(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId,
+                        "145.100.185.16", "hostname", VALIDATION_RESULT_SUCCESS));
+        cellNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // Send a validation event where validation failed.
+        mService.mResolverUnsolEventCallback.onPrivateDnsValidationEvent(
+                makePrivateDnsValidationEvent(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId,
+                        "145.100.185.16", "", VALIDATION_RESULT_FAILURE));
+        cellNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // Send a validation event where validation succeeded for a server in
+        // the current resolver config. A LinkProperties callback with updated
+        // private dns fields should be sent.
+        mService.mResolverUnsolEventCallback.onPrivateDnsValidationEvent(
+                makePrivateDnsValidationEvent(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId,
+                        "145.100.185.16", "", VALIDATION_RESULT_SUCCESS));
+        cbi = cellNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LINK_PROPERTIES_CHANGED,
+                mCellNetworkAgent);
+        cellNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        assertTrue(cbi.getLp().isPrivateDnsActive());
+        assertNull(cbi.getLp().getPrivateDnsServerName());
+        checkDnsServers(cbi.getLp(), dnsServers);
+
+        // The private dns fields in LinkProperties should be preserved when
+        // the network agent sends unrelated changes.
+        LinkProperties lp3 = new LinkProperties(lp2);
+        lp3.setMtu(1300);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(lp3);
+        cbi = cellNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LINK_PROPERTIES_CHANGED,
+                mCellNetworkAgent);
+        cellNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        assertTrue(cbi.getLp().isPrivateDnsActive());
+        assertNull(cbi.getLp().getPrivateDnsServerName());
+        checkDnsServers(cbi.getLp(), dnsServers);
+        assertEquals(1300, cbi.getLp().getMtu());
+
+        // Removing the only validated server should affect the private dns
+        // fields in LinkProperties.
+        LinkProperties lp4 = new LinkProperties(lp3);
+        lp4.removeDnsServer(InetAddress.getByName("145.100.185.16"));
+        mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(lp4);
+        cbi = cellNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LINK_PROPERTIES_CHANGED,
+                mCellNetworkAgent);
+        cellNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        assertFalse(cbi.getLp().isPrivateDnsActive());
+        assertNull(cbi.getLp().getPrivateDnsServerName());
+        dnsServers.remove(InetAddress.getByName("145.100.185.16"));
+        checkDnsServers(cbi.getLp(), dnsServers);
+        assertEquals(1300, cbi.getLp().getMtu());
+    }
+
+    private void checkDirectlyConnectedRoutes(Object callbackObj,
+            Collection<LinkAddress> linkAddresses, Collection<RouteInfo> otherRoutes) {
+        assertTrue(callbackObj instanceof LinkProperties);
+        LinkProperties lp = (LinkProperties) callbackObj;
+
+        Set<RouteInfo> expectedRoutes = new ArraySet<>();
+        expectedRoutes.addAll(otherRoutes);
+        for (LinkAddress address : linkAddresses) {
+            RouteInfo localRoute = new RouteInfo(address, null, lp.getInterfaceName());
+            // Duplicates in linkAddresses are considered failures
+            assertTrue(expectedRoutes.add(localRoute));
+        }
+        List<RouteInfo> observedRoutes = lp.getRoutes();
+        assertEquals(expectedRoutes.size(), observedRoutes.size());
+        assertTrue(observedRoutes.containsAll(expectedRoutes));
+    }
+
+    private static void checkDnsServers(Object callbackObj, Set<InetAddress> dnsServers) {
+        assertTrue(callbackObj instanceof LinkProperties);
+        LinkProperties lp = (LinkProperties) callbackObj;
+        assertEquals(dnsServers.size(), lp.getDnsServers().size());
+        assertTrue(lp.getDnsServers().containsAll(dnsServers));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testApplyUnderlyingCapabilities() throws Exception {
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(false /* validated */);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false /* validated */);
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities cellNc = new NetworkCapabilities()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+                .setLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps(10);
+        final NetworkCapabilities wifiNc = new NetworkCapabilities()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+                .setLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps(20);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.setNetworkCapabilities(cellNc, true /* sendToConnectivityService */);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkCapabilities(wifiNc, true /* sendToConnectivityService */);
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        final Network mobile = mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork();
+        final Network wifi = mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork();
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities initialCaps = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        initialCaps.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_VPN);
+        initialCaps.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
+        initialCaps.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN);
+        final ArrayList<Network> emptyUnderlyingNetworks = new ArrayList<Network>();
+        final ArrayList<Network> underlyingNetworksContainMobile = new ArrayList<Network>();
+        underlyingNetworksContainMobile.add(mobile);
+        final ArrayList<Network> underlyingNetworksContainWifi = new ArrayList<Network>();
+        underlyingNetworksContainWifi.add(wifi);
+        final ArrayList<Network> underlyingNetworksContainMobileAndMobile =
+                new ArrayList<Network>();
+        underlyingNetworksContainMobileAndMobile.add(mobile);
+        underlyingNetworksContainMobileAndMobile.add(wifi);
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities withNoUnderlying = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        withNoUnderlying.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
+        withNoUnderlying.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED);
+        withNoUnderlying.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING);
+        withNoUnderlying.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED);
+        withNoUnderlying.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_VPN);
+        withNoUnderlying.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN);
+        withNoUnderlying.setUnderlyingNetworks(emptyUnderlyingNetworks);
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities withMobileUnderlying = new NetworkCapabilities(withNoUnderlying);
+        withMobileUnderlying.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        withMobileUnderlying.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING);
+        withMobileUnderlying.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED);
+        withMobileUnderlying.setLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps(10);
+        withMobileUnderlying.setUnderlyingNetworks(underlyingNetworksContainMobile);
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities withWifiUnderlying = new NetworkCapabilities(withNoUnderlying);
+        withWifiUnderlying.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        withWifiUnderlying.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        withWifiUnderlying.setLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps(20);
+        withWifiUnderlying.setUnderlyingNetworks(underlyingNetworksContainWifi);
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities withWifiAndMobileUnderlying =
+                new NetworkCapabilities(withNoUnderlying);
+        withWifiAndMobileUnderlying.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        withWifiAndMobileUnderlying.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        withWifiAndMobileUnderlying.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        withWifiAndMobileUnderlying.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING);
+        withWifiAndMobileUnderlying.setLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps(10);
+        withWifiAndMobileUnderlying.setLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps(20);
+        withWifiAndMobileUnderlying.setUnderlyingNetworks(underlyingNetworksContainMobileAndMobile);
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities initialCapsNotMetered = new NetworkCapabilities(initialCaps);
+        initialCapsNotMetered.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+
+        NetworkCapabilities caps = new NetworkCapabilities(initialCaps);
+        mService.applyUnderlyingCapabilities(new Network[]{}, initialCapsNotMetered, caps);
+        assertEquals(withNoUnderlying, caps);
+        assertEquals(0, new ArrayList<>(caps.getUnderlyingNetworks()).size());
+
+        caps = new NetworkCapabilities(initialCaps);
+        mService.applyUnderlyingCapabilities(new Network[]{null}, initialCapsNotMetered, caps);
+        assertEquals(withNoUnderlying, caps);
+        assertEquals(0, new ArrayList<>(caps.getUnderlyingNetworks()).size());
+
+        caps = new NetworkCapabilities(initialCaps);
+        mService.applyUnderlyingCapabilities(new Network[]{mobile}, initialCapsNotMetered, caps);
+        assertEquals(withMobileUnderlying, caps);
+        assertEquals(1, new ArrayList<>(caps.getUnderlyingNetworks()).size());
+        assertEquals(mobile, new ArrayList<>(caps.getUnderlyingNetworks()).get(0));
+
+        caps = new NetworkCapabilities(initialCaps);
+        mService.applyUnderlyingCapabilities(new Network[]{wifi}, initialCapsNotMetered, caps);
+        assertEquals(withWifiUnderlying, caps);
+        assertEquals(1, new ArrayList<>(caps.getUnderlyingNetworks()).size());
+        assertEquals(wifi, new ArrayList<>(caps.getUnderlyingNetworks()).get(0));
+
+        withWifiUnderlying.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        caps = new NetworkCapabilities(initialCaps);
+        mService.applyUnderlyingCapabilities(new Network[]{wifi}, initialCaps, caps);
+        assertEquals(withWifiUnderlying, caps);
+        assertEquals(1, new ArrayList<>(caps.getUnderlyingNetworks()).size());
+        assertEquals(wifi, new ArrayList<>(caps.getUnderlyingNetworks()).get(0));
+
+        caps = new NetworkCapabilities(initialCaps);
+        mService.applyUnderlyingCapabilities(new Network[]{mobile, wifi}, initialCaps, caps);
+        assertEquals(withWifiAndMobileUnderlying, caps);
+        assertEquals(2, new ArrayList<>(caps.getUnderlyingNetworks()).size());
+        assertEquals(mobile, new ArrayList<>(caps.getUnderlyingNetworks()).get(0));
+        assertEquals(wifi, new ArrayList<>(caps.getUnderlyingNetworks()).get(1));
+
+        withWifiUnderlying.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        caps = new NetworkCapabilities(initialCaps);
+        mService.applyUnderlyingCapabilities(new Network[]{null, mobile, null, wifi},
+                initialCapsNotMetered, caps);
+        assertEquals(withWifiAndMobileUnderlying, caps);
+        assertEquals(2, new ArrayList<>(caps.getUnderlyingNetworks()).size());
+        assertEquals(mobile, new ArrayList<>(caps.getUnderlyingNetworks()).get(0));
+        assertEquals(wifi, new ArrayList<>(caps.getUnderlyingNetworks()).get(1));
+
+        caps = new NetworkCapabilities(initialCaps);
+        mService.applyUnderlyingCapabilities(new Network[]{null, mobile, null, wifi},
+                initialCapsNotMetered, caps);
+        assertEquals(withWifiAndMobileUnderlying, caps);
+        assertEquals(2, new ArrayList<>(caps.getUnderlyingNetworks()).size());
+        assertEquals(mobile, new ArrayList<>(caps.getUnderlyingNetworks()).get(0));
+        assertEquals(wifi, new ArrayList<>(caps.getUnderlyingNetworks()).get(1));
+
+        caps = new NetworkCapabilities(initialCaps);
+        mService.applyUnderlyingCapabilities(null, initialCapsNotMetered, caps);
+        assertEquals(withWifiUnderlying, caps);
+        assertEquals(1, new ArrayList<>(caps.getUnderlyingNetworks()).size());
+        assertEquals(wifi, new ArrayList<>(caps.getUnderlyingNetworks()).get(0));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testVpnConnectDisconnectUnderlyingNetwork() throws Exception {
+        final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN).build();
+
+        runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () -> {
+            mCm.registerNetworkCallback(request, callback);
+
+            // Bring up a VPN that specifies an underlying network that does not exist yet.
+            // Note: it's sort of meaningless for a VPN app to declare a network that doesn't exist
+            // yet, (and doing so is difficult without using reflection) but it's good to test that
+            // the code behaves approximately correctly.
+            mMockVpn.establishForMyUid(false, true, false);
+            callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mMockVpn);
+            assertUidRangesUpdatedForMyUid(true);
+            final Network wifiNetwork = new Network(mNetIdManager.peekNextNetId());
+            mMockVpn.setUnderlyingNetworks(new Network[]{wifiNetwork});
+            // onCapabilitiesChanged() should be called because
+            // NetworkCapabilities#mUnderlyingNetworks is updated.
+            CallbackEntry ce = callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.NETWORK_CAPS_UPDATED,
+                    mMockVpn);
+            final NetworkCapabilities vpnNc1 = ((CallbackEntry.CapabilitiesChanged) ce).getCaps();
+            // Since the wifi network hasn't brought up,
+            // ConnectivityService#applyUnderlyingCapabilities cannot find it. Update
+            // NetworkCapabilities#mUnderlyingNetworks to an empty array, and it will be updated to
+            // the correct underlying networks once the wifi network brings up. But this case
+            // shouldn't happen in reality since no one could get the network which hasn't brought
+            // up. For the empty array of underlying networks, it should be happened for 2 cases,
+            // the first one is that the VPN app declares an empty array for its underlying
+            // networks, the second one is that the underlying networks are torn down.
+            //
+            // It shouldn't be null since the null value means the underlying networks of this
+            // network should follow the default network.
+            final ArrayList<Network> underlyingNetwork = new ArrayList<>();
+            assertEquals(underlyingNetwork, vpnNc1.getUnderlyingNetworks());
+            // Since the wifi network isn't exist, applyUnderlyingCapabilities()
+            assertTrue(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mMockVpn.getNetwork())
+                    .hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN));
+            assertFalse(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mMockVpn.getNetwork())
+                    .hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
+
+            // Make that underlying network connect, and expect to see its capabilities immediately
+            // reflected in the VPN's capabilities.
+            mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+            assertEquals(wifiNetwork, mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+            mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+            // TODO: the callback for the VPN happens before any callbacks are called for the wifi
+            // network that has just connected. There appear to be two issues here:
+            // 1. The VPN code will accept an underlying network as soon as getNetworkCapabilities()
+            //    for it returns non-null (which happens very early, during
+            //    handleRegisterNetworkAgent).
+            //    This is not correct because that that point the network is not connected and
+            //    cannot pass any traffic.
+            // 2. When a network connects, updateNetworkInfo propagates underlying network
+            //    capabilities before rematching networks.
+            // Given that this scenario can't really happen, this is probably fine for now.
+            ce = callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.NETWORK_CAPS_UPDATED, mMockVpn);
+            final NetworkCapabilities vpnNc2 = ((CallbackEntry.CapabilitiesChanged) ce).getCaps();
+            // The wifi network is brought up, NetworkCapabilities#mUnderlyingNetworks is updated to
+            // it.
+            underlyingNetwork.add(wifiNetwork);
+            assertEquals(underlyingNetwork, vpnNc2.getUnderlyingNetworks());
+            callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+            assertTrue(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mMockVpn.getNetwork())
+                    .hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN));
+            assertTrue(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mMockVpn.getNetwork())
+                    .hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
+
+            // Disconnect the network, and expect to see the VPN capabilities change accordingly.
+            mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+            callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+            callback.expectCapabilitiesThat(mMockVpn, (nc) ->
+                    nc.getTransportTypes().length == 1 && nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN));
+
+            mMockVpn.disconnect();
+            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
+        });
+    }
+
+    private void assertGetNetworkInfoOfGetActiveNetworkIsConnected(boolean expectedConnectivity) {
+        // What Chromium used to do before https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/2605304
+        assertEquals("Unexpected result for getActiveNetworkInfo(getActiveNetwork())",
+                expectedConnectivity, mCm.getNetworkInfo(mCm.getActiveNetwork()).isConnected());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testVpnUnderlyingNetworkSuspended() throws Exception {
+        final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(callback);
+
+        // Connect a VPN.
+        mMockVpn.establishForMyUid(false /* validated */, true /* hasInternet */,
+                false /* isStrictMode */);
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mMockVpn);
+
+        // Connect cellular data.
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(false /* validated */);
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesThat(mMockVpn,
+                nc -> nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED)
+                        && nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR));
+        callback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        assertTrue(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mMockVpn.getNetwork())
+                .hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED));
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.DISCONNECTED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_VPN, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        assertGetNetworkInfoOfGetActiveNetworkIsConnected(true);
+
+        // Suspend the cellular network and expect the VPN to be suspended.
+        mCellNetworkAgent.suspend();
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesThat(mMockVpn,
+                nc -> !nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED)
+                        && nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR));
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.SUSPENDED, mMockVpn);
+        callback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        assertFalse(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mMockVpn.getNetwork())
+                .hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED));
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.SUSPENDED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.DISCONNECTED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_VPN, DetailedState.SUSPENDED);
+        assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.SUSPENDED);
+        // VPN's main underlying network is suspended, so no connectivity.
+        assertGetNetworkInfoOfGetActiveNetworkIsConnected(false);
+
+        // Switch to another network. The VPN should no longer be suspended.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false /* validated */);
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesThat(mMockVpn,
+                nc -> nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED)
+                        && nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.RESUMED, mMockVpn);
+        callback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        assertTrue(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mMockVpn.getNetwork())
+                .hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED));
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.DISCONNECTED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_VPN, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        assertGetNetworkInfoOfGetActiveNetworkIsConnected(true);
+
+        // Unsuspend cellular and then switch back to it. The VPN remains not suspended.
+        mCellNetworkAgent.resume();
+        callback.assertNoCallback();
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesThat(mMockVpn,
+                nc -> nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED)
+                        && nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR));
+        // Spurious double callback?
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesThat(mMockVpn,
+                nc -> nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED)
+                        && nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR));
+        callback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        assertTrue(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mMockVpn.getNetwork())
+                .hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED));
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.DISCONNECTED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_VPN, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        assertGetNetworkInfoOfGetActiveNetworkIsConnected(true);
+
+        // Suspend cellular and expect no connectivity.
+        mCellNetworkAgent.suspend();
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesThat(mMockVpn,
+                nc -> !nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED)
+                        && nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR));
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.SUSPENDED, mMockVpn);
+        callback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        assertFalse(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mMockVpn.getNetwork())
+                .hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED));
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.SUSPENDED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.DISCONNECTED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_VPN, DetailedState.SUSPENDED);
+        assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.SUSPENDED);
+        assertGetNetworkInfoOfGetActiveNetworkIsConnected(false);
+
+        // Resume cellular and expect that connectivity comes back.
+        mCellNetworkAgent.resume();
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesThat(mMockVpn,
+                nc -> nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED)
+                        && nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR));
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.RESUMED, mMockVpn);
+        callback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        assertTrue(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mMockVpn.getNetwork())
+                .hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED));
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.DISCONNECTED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_VPN, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        assertGetNetworkInfoOfGetActiveNetworkIsConnected(true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testVpnNetworkActive() throws Exception {
+        // NETWORK_SETTINGS is necessary to call registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback.
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+
+        final int uid = Process.myUid();
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback genericNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final TestNetworkCallback genericNotVpnNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final TestNetworkCallback wifiNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final TestNetworkCallback vpnNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final TestNetworkCallback defaultCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final TestNetworkCallback systemDefaultCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest genericNotVpnRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder().build();
+        final NetworkRequest genericRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN).build();
+        final NetworkRequest wifiRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI).build();
+        final NetworkRequest vpnNetworkRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_VPN).build();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(genericRequest, genericNetworkCallback);
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(genericNotVpnRequest, genericNotVpnNetworkCallback);
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(wifiRequest, wifiNetworkCallback);
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(vpnNetworkRequest, vpnNetworkCallback);
+        mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(defaultCallback);
+        mCm.registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(systemDefaultCallback,
+                new Handler(ConnectivityThread.getInstanceLooper()));
+        defaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+
+        genericNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        genericNotVpnNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        wifiNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        systemDefaultCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        vpnNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        assertEquals(defaultCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        final Set<UidRange> ranges = uidRangesForUids(uid);
+        mMockVpn.registerAgent(ranges);
+        mMockVpn.setUnderlyingNetworks(new Network[0]);
+
+        // VPN networks do not satisfy the default request and are automatically validated
+        // by NetworkMonitor
+        assertFalse(NetworkMonitorUtils.isValidationRequired(
+                mMockVpn.getAgent().getNetworkCapabilities()));
+        mMockVpn.getAgent().setNetworkValid(false /* isStrictMode */);
+
+        mMockVpn.connect(false);
+
+        genericNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mMockVpn);
+        genericNotVpnNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        wifiNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        vpnNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mMockVpn);
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mMockVpn);
+        systemDefaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        assertEquals(defaultCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(),
+                systemDefaultCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork());
+
+        ranges.clear();
+        mMockVpn.setUids(ranges);
+
+        genericNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mMockVpn);
+        genericNotVpnNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        wifiNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        vpnNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mMockVpn);
+
+        // TODO : The default network callback should actually get a LOST call here (also see the
+        // comment below for AVAILABLE). This is because ConnectivityService does not look at UID
+        // ranges at all when determining whether a network should be rematched. In practice, VPNs
+        // can't currently update their UIDs without disconnecting, so this does not matter too
+        // much, but that is the reason the test here has to check for an update to the
+        // capabilities instead of the expected LOST then AVAILABLE.
+        defaultCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.NETWORK_CAPS_UPDATED, mMockVpn);
+        systemDefaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        ranges.add(new UidRange(uid, uid));
+        mMockVpn.setUids(ranges);
+
+        genericNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mMockVpn);
+        genericNotVpnNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        wifiNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        vpnNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mMockVpn);
+        // TODO : Here like above, AVAILABLE would be correct, but because this can't actually
+        // happen outside of the test, ConnectivityService does not rematch callbacks.
+        defaultCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.NETWORK_CAPS_UPDATED, mMockVpn);
+        systemDefaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+
+        genericNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        genericNotVpnNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        wifiNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        vpnNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        defaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        systemDefaultCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        mMockVpn.disconnect();
+
+        genericNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mMockVpn);
+        genericNotVpnNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        wifiNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        vpnNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mMockVpn);
+        defaultCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mMockVpn);
+        systemDefaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        assertEquals(null, mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(genericNetworkCallback);
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(wifiNetworkCallback);
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(vpnNetworkCallback);
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(defaultCallback);
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(systemDefaultCallback);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testVpnWithoutInternet() throws Exception {
+        final int uid = Process.myUid();
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback defaultCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(defaultCallback);
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(defaultCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        mMockVpn.establishForMyUid(true /* validated */, false /* hasInternet */,
+                false /* isStrictMode */);
+        assertUidRangesUpdatedForMyUid(true);
+
+        defaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        assertEquals(defaultCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        mMockVpn.disconnect();
+        defaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(defaultCallback);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testVpnWithInternet() throws Exception {
+        final int uid = Process.myUid();
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback defaultCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(defaultCallback);
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(defaultCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        mMockVpn.establishForMyUid(true /* validated */, true /* hasInternet */,
+                false /* isStrictMode */);
+        assertUidRangesUpdatedForMyUid(true);
+
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mMockVpn);
+        assertEquals(defaultCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        mMockVpn.disconnect();
+        defaultCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mMockVpn);
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(defaultCallback);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testVpnUnvalidated() throws Exception {
+        final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(callback);
+
+        // Bring up Ethernet.
+        mEthernetNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET);
+        mEthernetNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        callback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mEthernetNetworkAgent);
+        callback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // Bring up a VPN that has the INTERNET capability, initially unvalidated.
+        mMockVpn.establishForMyUid(false /* validated */, true /* hasInternet */,
+                false /* isStrictMode */);
+        assertUidRangesUpdatedForMyUid(true);
+
+        // Even though the VPN is unvalidated, it becomes the default network for our app.
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mMockVpn);
+        callback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        assertEquals(mMockVpn.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        NetworkCapabilities nc = mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mMockVpn.getNetwork());
+        assertFalse(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED));
+        assertTrue(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET));
+
+        assertFalse(NetworkMonitorUtils.isValidationRequired(
+                mMockVpn.getAgent().getNetworkCapabilities()));
+        assertTrue(NetworkMonitorUtils.isPrivateDnsValidationRequired(
+                mMockVpn.getAgent().getNetworkCapabilities()));
+
+        // Pretend that the VPN network validates.
+        mMockVpn.getAgent().setNetworkValid(false /* isStrictMode */);
+        mMockVpn.getAgent().mNetworkMonitor.forceReevaluation(Process.myUid());
+        // Expect to see the validated capability, but no other changes, because the VPN is already
+        // the default network for the app.
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED, mMockVpn);
+        callback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        mMockVpn.disconnect();
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mMockVpn);
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mEthernetNetworkAgent);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testVpnStartsWithUnderlyingCaps() throws Exception {
+        final int uid = Process.myUid();
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback vpnNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest vpnNetworkRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_VPN)
+                .build();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(vpnNetworkRequest, vpnNetworkCallback);
+        vpnNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // Connect cell. It will become the default network, and in the absence of setting
+        // underlying networks explicitly it will become the sole underlying network for the vpn.
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+
+        mMockVpn.establishForMyUid(true /* validated */, false /* hasInternet */,
+                false /* isStrictMode */);
+        assertUidRangesUpdatedForMyUid(true);
+
+        vpnNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacks(mMockVpn.getNetwork(),
+                false /* suspended */, false /* validated */, false /* blocked */, TIMEOUT_MS);
+        vpnNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesThat(mMockVpn.getNetwork(), TIMEOUT_MS,
+                nc -> nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED));
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mMockVpn.getNetwork());
+        assertTrue(nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN));
+        assertTrue(nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR));
+        assertFalse(nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
+        assertTrue(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED));
+        assertFalse(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED));
+        assertTrue(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED));
+
+        assertVpnTransportInfo(nc, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE);
+    }
+
+    private void assertDefaultNetworkCapabilities(int userId, NetworkAgentWrapper... networks) {
+        final NetworkCapabilities[] defaultCaps = mService.getDefaultNetworkCapabilitiesForUser(
+                userId, "com.android.calling.package", "com.test");
+        final String defaultCapsString = Arrays.toString(defaultCaps);
+        assertEquals(defaultCapsString, defaultCaps.length, networks.length);
+        final Set<NetworkCapabilities> defaultCapsSet = new ArraySet<>(defaultCaps);
+        for (NetworkAgentWrapper network : networks) {
+            final NetworkCapabilities nc = mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(network.getNetwork());
+            final String msg = "Did not find " + nc + " in " + Arrays.toString(defaultCaps);
+            assertTrue(msg, defaultCapsSet.contains(nc));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testVpnSetUnderlyingNetworks() throws Exception {
+        final TestNetworkCallback vpnNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest vpnNetworkRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_VPN)
+                .build();
+        NetworkCapabilities nc;
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(vpnNetworkRequest, vpnNetworkCallback);
+        vpnNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        mMockVpn.establishForMyUid(true /* validated */, false /* hasInternet */,
+                false /* isStrictMode */);
+        assertUidRangesUpdatedForMyUid(true);
+
+        vpnNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mMockVpn);
+        nc = mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mMockVpn.getNetwork());
+        assertTrue(nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN));
+        assertFalse(nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR));
+        assertFalse(nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
+        // For safety reasons a VPN without underlying networks is considered metered.
+        assertFalse(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED));
+        // A VPN without underlying networks is not suspended.
+        assertTrue(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED));
+        assertVpnTransportInfo(nc, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE);
+
+        final int userId = UserHandle.getUserId(Process.myUid());
+        assertDefaultNetworkCapabilities(userId /* no networks */);
+
+        // Connect cell and use it as an underlying network.
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+
+        mMockVpn.setUnderlyingNetworks(
+                new Network[] { mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork() });
+
+        vpnNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesThat(mMockVpn,
+                (caps) -> caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN)
+                && caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR) && !caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                && !caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
+                && caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED));
+        assertDefaultNetworkCapabilities(userId, mCellNetworkAgent);
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+
+        mMockVpn.setUnderlyingNetworks(
+                new Network[] { mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork() });
+
+        vpnNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesThat(mMockVpn,
+                (caps) -> caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN)
+                && caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR) && caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                && !caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
+                && caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED));
+        assertDefaultNetworkCapabilities(userId, mCellNetworkAgent, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Don't disconnect, but note the VPN is not using wifi any more.
+        mMockVpn.setUnderlyingNetworks(
+                new Network[] { mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork() });
+
+        vpnNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesThat(mMockVpn,
+                (caps) -> caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN)
+                && caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR) && !caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                && !caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
+                && caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED));
+        // The return value of getDefaultNetworkCapabilitiesForUser always includes the default
+        // network (wifi) as well as the underlying networks (cell).
+        assertDefaultNetworkCapabilities(userId, mCellNetworkAgent, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Remove NOT_SUSPENDED from the only network and observe VPN is now suspended.
+        mCellNetworkAgent.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED);
+        vpnNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesThat(mMockVpn,
+                (caps) -> caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN)
+                && caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR) && !caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                && !caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
+                && !caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED));
+        vpnNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.SUSPENDED, mMockVpn);
+
+        // Add NOT_SUSPENDED again and observe VPN is no longer suspended.
+        mCellNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED);
+        vpnNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesThat(mMockVpn,
+                (caps) -> caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN)
+                && caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR) && !caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                && !caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
+                && caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED));
+        vpnNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.RESUMED, mMockVpn);
+
+        // Use Wifi but not cell. Note the VPN is now unmetered and not suspended.
+        mMockVpn.setUnderlyingNetworks(
+                new Network[] { mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork() });
+
+        vpnNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesThat(mMockVpn,
+                (caps) -> caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN)
+                && !caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR) && caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                && caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
+                && caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED));
+        assertDefaultNetworkCapabilities(userId, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Use both again.
+        mMockVpn.setUnderlyingNetworks(
+                new Network[] { mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork() });
+
+        vpnNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesThat(mMockVpn,
+                (caps) -> caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN)
+                && caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR) && caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                && !caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
+                && caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED));
+        assertDefaultNetworkCapabilities(userId, mCellNetworkAgent, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Cell is suspended again. As WiFi is not, this should not cause a callback.
+        mCellNetworkAgent.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED);
+        vpnNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // Stop using WiFi. The VPN is suspended again.
+        mMockVpn.setUnderlyingNetworks(
+                new Network[] { mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork() });
+        vpnNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesThat(mMockVpn,
+                (caps) -> caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN)
+                && caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                && !caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
+                && !caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED));
+        vpnNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.SUSPENDED, mMockVpn);
+        assertDefaultNetworkCapabilities(userId, mCellNetworkAgent, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Use both again.
+        mMockVpn.setUnderlyingNetworks(
+                new Network[] { mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork() });
+
+        vpnNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesThat(mMockVpn,
+                (caps) -> caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN)
+                && caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR) && caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                && !caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
+                && caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED));
+        vpnNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.RESUMED, mMockVpn);
+        assertDefaultNetworkCapabilities(userId, mCellNetworkAgent, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Disconnect cell. Receive update without even removing the dead network from the
+        // underlying networks – it's dead anyway. Not metered any more.
+        mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        vpnNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesThat(mMockVpn,
+                (caps) -> caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN)
+                && !caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR) && caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                && caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED));
+        assertDefaultNetworkCapabilities(userId, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Disconnect wifi too. No underlying networks means this is now metered.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        vpnNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesThat(mMockVpn,
+                (caps) -> caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN)
+                && !caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR) && !caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                && !caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED));
+        // When a network disconnects, the callbacks are fired before all state is updated, so for a
+        // short time, synchronous calls will behave as if the network is still connected. Wait for
+        // things to settle.
+        waitForIdle();
+        assertDefaultNetworkCapabilities(userId /* no networks */);
+
+        mMockVpn.disconnect();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNullUnderlyingNetworks() throws Exception {
+        final int uid = Process.myUid();
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback vpnNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest vpnNetworkRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_VPN)
+                .build();
+        NetworkCapabilities nc;
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(vpnNetworkRequest, vpnNetworkCallback);
+        vpnNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        mMockVpn.establishForMyUid(true /* validated */, false /* hasInternet */,
+                false /* isStrictMode */);
+        assertUidRangesUpdatedForMyUid(true);
+
+        vpnNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mMockVpn);
+        nc = mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mMockVpn.getNetwork());
+        assertTrue(nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN));
+        assertFalse(nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR));
+        assertFalse(nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
+        // By default, VPN is set to track default network (i.e. its underlying networks is null).
+        // In case of no default network, VPN is considered metered.
+        assertFalse(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED));
+        assertVpnTransportInfo(nc, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE);
+
+        // Connect to Cell; Cell is the default network.
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+
+        vpnNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesThat(mMockVpn,
+                (caps) -> caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN)
+                && caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR) && !caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                && !caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED));
+
+        // Connect to WiFi; WiFi is the new default.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+
+        vpnNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesThat(mMockVpn,
+                (caps) -> caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN)
+                && !caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR) && caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                && caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED));
+
+        // Disconnect Cell. The default network did not change, so there shouldn't be any changes in
+        // the capabilities.
+        mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+
+        // Disconnect wifi too. Now we have no default network.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+
+        vpnNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesThat(mMockVpn,
+                (caps) -> caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN)
+                && !caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR) && !caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                && !caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED));
+
+        mMockVpn.disconnect();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRestrictedProfileAffectsVpnUidRanges() throws Exception {
+        // NETWORK_SETTINGS is necessary to see the UID ranges in NetworkCapabilities.
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+
+        final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
+                .build();
+        final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(request, callback);
+
+        // Bring up a VPN
+        mMockVpn.establishForMyUid();
+        assertUidRangesUpdatedForMyUid(true);
+        callback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mMockVpn);
+        callback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        final int uid = Process.myUid();
+        NetworkCapabilities nc = mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mMockVpn.getNetwork());
+        assertNotNull("nc=" + nc, nc.getUids());
+        assertEquals(nc.getUids(), UidRange.toIntRanges(uidRangesForUids(uid)));
+        assertVpnTransportInfo(nc, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE);
+
+        // Set an underlying network and expect to see the VPN transports change.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesThat(mMockVpn, (caps)
+                -> caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN)
+                && caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesThat(mWiFiNetworkAgent, (caps)
+                -> caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED));
+
+        doReturn(UserHandle.getUid(RESTRICTED_USER, VPN_UID)).when(mPackageManager)
+                .getPackageUidAsUser(ALWAYS_ON_PACKAGE, RESTRICTED_USER);
+
+        final Intent addedIntent = new Intent(ACTION_USER_ADDED);
+        addedIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_USER, UserHandle.of(RESTRICTED_USER));
+        addedIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_USER_HANDLE, RESTRICTED_USER);
+
+        // Send a USER_ADDED broadcast for it.
+        processBroadcast(addedIntent);
+
+        // Expect that the VPN UID ranges contain both |uid| and the UID range for the newly-added
+        // restricted user.
+        final UidRange rRange = UidRange.createForUser(UserHandle.of(RESTRICTED_USER));
+        final Range<Integer> restrictUidRange = new Range<Integer>(rRange.start, rRange.stop);
+        final Range<Integer> singleUidRange = new Range<Integer>(uid, uid);
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesThat(mMockVpn, (caps)
+                -> caps.getUids().size() == 2
+                && caps.getUids().contains(singleUidRange)
+                && caps.getUids().contains(restrictUidRange)
+                && caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN)
+                && caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
+
+        // Change the VPN's capabilities somehow (specifically, disconnect wifi).
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesThat(mMockVpn, (caps)
+                -> caps.getUids().size() == 2
+                && caps.getUids().contains(singleUidRange)
+                && caps.getUids().contains(restrictUidRange)
+                && caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN)
+                && !caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
+
+        // Send a USER_REMOVED broadcast and expect to lose the UID range for the restricted user.
+        final Intent removedIntent = new Intent(ACTION_USER_REMOVED);
+        removedIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_USER, UserHandle.of(RESTRICTED_USER));
+        removedIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_USER_HANDLE, RESTRICTED_USER);
+        processBroadcast(removedIntent);
+
+        // Expect that the VPN gains the UID range for the restricted user, and that the capability
+        // change made just before that (i.e., loss of TRANSPORT_WIFI) is preserved.
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesThat(mMockVpn, (caps)
+                -> caps.getUids().size() == 1
+                && caps.getUids().contains(singleUidRange)
+                && caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN)
+                && !caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLockdownVpnWithRestrictedProfiles() throws Exception {
+        // For ConnectivityService#setAlwaysOnVpnPackage.
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(
+                Manifest.permission.CONTROL_ALWAYS_ON_VPN, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        // For call Vpn#setAlwaysOnPackage.
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(
+                Manifest.permission.CONTROL_VPN, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        // Necessary to see the UID ranges in NetworkCapabilities.
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+
+        final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
+                .build();
+        final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(request, callback);
+
+        final int uid = Process.myUid();
+
+        // Connect wifi and check that UIDs in the main and restricted profiles have network access.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true /* validated */);
+        final int restrictedUid = UserHandle.getUid(RESTRICTED_USER, 42 /* appId */);
+        assertNotNull(mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(uid));
+        assertNotNull(mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(restrictedUid));
+
+        // Enable always-on VPN lockdown. The main user loses network access because no VPN is up.
+        final ArrayList<String> allowList = new ArrayList<>();
+        mVpnManagerService.setAlwaysOnVpnPackage(PRIMARY_USER, ALWAYS_ON_PACKAGE,
+                true /* lockdown */, allowList);
+        waitForIdle();
+        assertNull(mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(uid));
+        // This is arguably overspecified: a UID that is not running doesn't have an active network.
+        // But it's useful to check that non-default users do not lose network access, and to prove
+        // that the loss of connectivity below is indeed due to the restricted profile coming up.
+        assertNotNull(mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(restrictedUid));
+
+        // Start the restricted profile, and check that the UID within it loses network access.
+        doReturn(UserHandle.getUid(RESTRICTED_USER, VPN_UID)).when(mPackageManager)
+                .getPackageUidAsUser(ALWAYS_ON_PACKAGE, RESTRICTED_USER);
+        doReturn(asList(PRIMARY_USER_INFO, RESTRICTED_USER_INFO)).when(mUserManager)
+                .getAliveUsers();
+        // TODO: check that VPN app within restricted profile still has access, etc.
+        final Intent addedIntent = new Intent(ACTION_USER_ADDED);
+        addedIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_USER, UserHandle.of(RESTRICTED_USER));
+        addedIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_USER_HANDLE, RESTRICTED_USER);
+        processBroadcast(addedIntent);
+        assertNull(mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(uid));
+        assertNull(mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(restrictedUid));
+
+        // Stop the restricted profile, and check that the UID within it has network access again.
+        doReturn(asList(PRIMARY_USER_INFO)).when(mUserManager).getAliveUsers();
+
+        // Send a USER_REMOVED broadcast and expect to lose the UID range for the restricted user.
+        final Intent removedIntent = new Intent(ACTION_USER_REMOVED);
+        removedIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_USER, UserHandle.of(RESTRICTED_USER));
+        removedIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_USER_HANDLE, RESTRICTED_USER);
+        processBroadcast(removedIntent);
+        assertNull(mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(uid));
+        assertNotNull(mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(restrictedUid));
+
+        mVpnManagerService.setAlwaysOnVpnPackage(PRIMARY_USER, null, false /* lockdown */,
+                allowList);
+        waitForIdle();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIsActiveNetworkMeteredOverWifi() throws Exception {
+        // Returns true by default when no network is available.
+        assertTrue(mCm.isActiveNetworkMetered());
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        assertFalse(mCm.isActiveNetworkMetered());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIsActiveNetworkMeteredOverCell() throws Exception {
+        // Returns true by default when no network is available.
+        assertTrue(mCm.isActiveNetworkMetered());
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        assertTrue(mCm.isActiveNetworkMetered());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIsActiveNetworkMeteredOverVpnTrackingPlatformDefault() throws Exception {
+        // Returns true by default when no network is available.
+        assertTrue(mCm.isActiveNetworkMetered());
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        waitForIdle();
+        assertTrue(mCm.isActiveNetworkMetered());
+
+        // Connect VPN network. By default it is using current default network (Cell).
+        mMockVpn.establishForMyUid();
+        assertUidRangesUpdatedForMyUid(true);
+
+        // Ensure VPN is now the active network.
+        assertEquals(mMockVpn.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        // Expect VPN to be metered.
+        assertTrue(mCm.isActiveNetworkMetered());
+
+        // Connect WiFi.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        waitForIdle();
+        // VPN should still be the active network.
+        assertEquals(mMockVpn.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        // Expect VPN to be unmetered as it should now be using WiFi (new default).
+        assertFalse(mCm.isActiveNetworkMetered());
+
+        // Disconnecting Cell should not affect VPN's meteredness.
+        mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        assertFalse(mCm.isActiveNetworkMetered());
+
+        // Disconnect WiFi; Now there is no platform default network.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        // VPN without any underlying networks is treated as metered.
+        assertTrue(mCm.isActiveNetworkMetered());
+
+        mMockVpn.disconnect();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIsActiveNetworkMeteredOverVpnSpecifyingUnderlyingNetworks() throws Exception {
+        // Returns true by default when no network is available.
+        assertTrue(mCm.isActiveNetworkMetered());
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        waitForIdle();
+        assertTrue(mCm.isActiveNetworkMetered());
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        waitForIdle();
+        assertFalse(mCm.isActiveNetworkMetered());
+
+        // Connect VPN network.
+        mMockVpn.establishForMyUid();
+        assertUidRangesUpdatedForMyUid(true);
+
+        // Ensure VPN is now the active network.
+        assertEquals(mMockVpn.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        // VPN is using Cell
+        mMockVpn.setUnderlyingNetworks(
+                new Network[] { mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork() });
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        // Expect VPN to be metered.
+        assertTrue(mCm.isActiveNetworkMetered());
+
+        // VPN is now using WiFi
+        mMockVpn.setUnderlyingNetworks(
+                new Network[] { mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork() });
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        // Expect VPN to be unmetered
+        assertFalse(mCm.isActiveNetworkMetered());
+
+        // VPN is using Cell | WiFi.
+        mMockVpn.setUnderlyingNetworks(
+                new Network[] { mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork() });
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        // Expect VPN to be metered.
+        assertTrue(mCm.isActiveNetworkMetered());
+
+        // VPN is using WiFi | Cell.
+        mMockVpn.setUnderlyingNetworks(
+                new Network[] { mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork() });
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        // Order should not matter and VPN should still be metered.
+        assertTrue(mCm.isActiveNetworkMetered());
+
+        // VPN is not using any underlying networks.
+        mMockVpn.setUnderlyingNetworks(new Network[0]);
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        // VPN without underlying networks is treated as metered.
+        assertTrue(mCm.isActiveNetworkMetered());
+
+        mMockVpn.disconnect();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIsActiveNetworkMeteredOverAlwaysMeteredVpn() throws Exception {
+        // Returns true by default when no network is available.
+        assertTrue(mCm.isActiveNetworkMetered());
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        waitForIdle();
+        assertFalse(mCm.isActiveNetworkMetered());
+
+        // Connect VPN network.
+        mMockVpn.registerAgent(true /* isAlwaysMetered */, uidRangesForUids(Process.myUid()),
+                new LinkProperties());
+        mMockVpn.connect(true);
+        waitForIdle();
+        assertEquals(mMockVpn.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        // VPN is tracking current platform default (WiFi).
+        mMockVpn.setUnderlyingNetworks(null);
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        // Despite VPN using WiFi (which is unmetered), VPN itself is marked as always metered.
+        assertTrue(mCm.isActiveNetworkMetered());
+
+
+        // VPN explicitly declares WiFi as its underlying network.
+        mMockVpn.setUnderlyingNetworks(
+                new Network[] { mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork() });
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        // Doesn't really matter whether VPN declares its underlying networks explicitly.
+        assertTrue(mCm.isActiveNetworkMetered());
+
+        // With WiFi lost, VPN is basically without any underlying networks. And in that case it is
+        // anyways suppose to be metered.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        assertTrue(mCm.isActiveNetworkMetered());
+
+        mMockVpn.disconnect();
+    }
+
+    private class DetailedBlockedStatusCallback extends TestNetworkCallback {
+        public void expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(HasNetwork n, int blockedStatus) {
+            super.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(n.getNetwork(), blockedStatus, TIMEOUT_MS);
+        }
+        public void expectBlockedStatusCallback(HasNetwork n, int blockedStatus) {
+            // This doesn't work:
+            // super.expectBlockedStatusCallback(blockedStatus, n.getNetwork());
+            super.expectBlockedStatusCallback(blockedStatus, n.getNetwork(), TIMEOUT_MS);
+        }
+        public void onBlockedStatusChanged(Network network, int blockedReasons) {
+            getHistory().add(new CallbackEntry.BlockedStatusInt(network, blockedReasons));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkBlockedStatus() throws Exception {
+        final TestNetworkCallback cellNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest cellRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                .build();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(cellRequest, cellNetworkCallback);
+        final DetailedBlockedStatusCallback detailedCallback = new DetailedBlockedStatusCallback();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(cellRequest, detailedCallback);
+
+        mockUidNetworkingBlocked();
+
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        cellNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        detailedCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent,
+                BLOCKED_REASON_NONE);
+        assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        assertExtraInfoFromCmPresent(mCellNetworkAgent);
+
+        setBlockedReasonChanged(BLOCKED_REASON_BATTERY_SAVER);
+        cellNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(true, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        detailedCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(mCellNetworkAgent,
+                BLOCKED_REASON_BATTERY_SAVER);
+        assertNull(mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.BLOCKED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.BLOCKED);
+        assertExtraInfoFromCmBlocked(mCellNetworkAgent);
+
+        // If blocked state does not change but blocked reason does, the boolean callback is called.
+        // TODO: investigate de-duplicating.
+        setBlockedReasonChanged(BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED);
+        cellNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(true, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        detailedCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(mCellNetworkAgent,
+                BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_USER_RESTRICTED);
+
+        setBlockedReasonChanged(BLOCKED_REASON_NONE);
+        cellNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(false, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        detailedCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(mCellNetworkAgent, BLOCKED_REASON_NONE);
+        assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        assertExtraInfoFromCmPresent(mCellNetworkAgent);
+
+        setBlockedReasonChanged(BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_DATA_SAVER);
+        cellNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(true, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        detailedCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(mCellNetworkAgent,
+                BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_DATA_SAVER);
+        assertNull(mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.BLOCKED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.BLOCKED);
+        assertExtraInfoFromCmBlocked(mCellNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Restrict the network based on UID rule and NOT_METERED capability change.
+        mCellNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        cellNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        cellNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(false, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        detailedCallback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        detailedCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(mCellNetworkAgent, BLOCKED_REASON_NONE);
+        assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        assertExtraInfoFromCmPresent(mCellNetworkAgent);
+
+        mCellNetworkAgent.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        cellNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesWithout(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED,
+                mCellNetworkAgent);
+        cellNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(true, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        detailedCallback.expectCapabilitiesWithout(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED,
+                mCellNetworkAgent);
+        detailedCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(mCellNetworkAgent,
+                BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_DATA_SAVER);
+        assertNull(mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.BLOCKED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.BLOCKED);
+        assertExtraInfoFromCmBlocked(mCellNetworkAgent);
+
+        setBlockedReasonChanged(BLOCKED_REASON_NONE);
+        cellNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(false, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        detailedCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(mCellNetworkAgent, BLOCKED_REASON_NONE);
+        assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        assertExtraInfoFromCmPresent(mCellNetworkAgent);
+
+        setBlockedReasonChanged(BLOCKED_REASON_NONE);
+        cellNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        detailedCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // Restrict background data. Networking is not blocked because the network is unmetered.
+        setBlockedReasonChanged(BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_DATA_SAVER);
+        cellNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(true, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        detailedCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(mCellNetworkAgent,
+                BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_DATA_SAVER);
+        assertNull(mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.BLOCKED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.BLOCKED);
+        assertExtraInfoFromCmBlocked(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        setBlockedReasonChanged(BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_DATA_SAVER);
+        cellNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        setBlockedReasonChanged(BLOCKED_REASON_NONE);
+        cellNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(false, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        detailedCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(mCellNetworkAgent, BLOCKED_REASON_NONE);
+        assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        assertExtraInfoFromCmPresent(mCellNetworkAgent);
+
+        setBlockedReasonChanged(BLOCKED_REASON_NONE);
+        cellNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        detailedCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        assertExtraInfoFromCmPresent(mCellNetworkAgent);
+
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cellNetworkCallback);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkBlockedStatusBeforeAndAfterConnect() throws Exception {
+        final TestNetworkCallback defaultCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(defaultCallback);
+        mockUidNetworkingBlocked();
+
+        // No Networkcallbacks invoked before any network is active.
+        setBlockedReasonChanged(BLOCKED_REASON_BATTERY_SAVER);
+        setBlockedReasonChanged(BLOCKED_REASON_NONE);
+        setBlockedReasonChanged(BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_DATA_SAVER);
+        defaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidatedAndBlocked(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        defaultCallback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED, mCellNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Allow to use the network after switching to NOT_METERED network.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableDoubleValidatedCallbacks(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Switch to METERED network. Restrict the use of the network.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        defaultCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidatedAndBlocked(mCellNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Network becomes NOT_METERED.
+        mCellNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        defaultCallback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        defaultCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(false, mCellNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Verify there's no Networkcallbacks invoked after data saver on/off.
+        setBlockedReasonChanged(BLOCKED_METERED_REASON_DATA_SAVER);
+        setBlockedReasonChanged(BLOCKED_REASON_NONE);
+        defaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        defaultCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        defaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(defaultCallback);
+    }
+
+    private void expectNetworkRejectNonSecureVpn(InOrder inOrder, boolean add,
+            UidRangeParcel... expected) throws Exception {
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkRejectNonSecureVpn(eq(add), aryEq(expected));
+    }
+
+    private void checkNetworkInfo(NetworkInfo ni, int type, DetailedState state) {
+        assertNotNull(ni);
+        assertEquals(type, ni.getType());
+        assertEquals(ConnectivityManager.getNetworkTypeName(type), state, ni.getDetailedState());
+        if (state == DetailedState.CONNECTED || state == DetailedState.SUSPENDED) {
+            assertNotNull(ni.getExtraInfo());
+        } else {
+            // Technically speaking, a network that's in CONNECTING state will generally have a
+            // non-null extraInfo. This doesn't actually happen in this test because it never calls
+            // a legacy API while a network is connecting. When a network is in CONNECTING state
+            // because of legacy lockdown VPN, its extraInfo is always null.
+            assertNull(ni.getExtraInfo());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void assertActiveNetworkInfo(int type, DetailedState state) {
+        checkNetworkInfo(mCm.getActiveNetworkInfo(), type, state);
+    }
+    private void assertNetworkInfo(int type, DetailedState state) {
+        checkNetworkInfo(mCm.getNetworkInfo(type), type, state);
+    }
+
+    private void assertExtraInfoFromCm(TestNetworkAgentWrapper network, boolean present) {
+        final NetworkInfo niForNetwork = mCm.getNetworkInfo(network.getNetwork());
+        final NetworkInfo niForType = mCm.getNetworkInfo(network.getLegacyType());
+        if (present) {
+            assertEquals(network.getExtraInfo(), niForNetwork.getExtraInfo());
+            assertEquals(network.getExtraInfo(), niForType.getExtraInfo());
+        } else {
+            assertNull(niForNetwork.getExtraInfo());
+            assertNull(niForType.getExtraInfo());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void assertExtraInfoFromCmBlocked(TestNetworkAgentWrapper network) {
+        assertExtraInfoFromCm(network, false);
+    }
+
+    private void assertExtraInfoFromCmPresent(TestNetworkAgentWrapper network) {
+        assertExtraInfoFromCm(network, true);
+    }
+
+    // Checks that each of the |agents| receive a blocked status change callback with the specified
+    // |blocked| value, in any order. This is needed because when an event affects multiple
+    // networks, ConnectivityService does not guarantee the order in which callbacks are fired.
+    private void assertBlockedCallbackInAnyOrder(TestNetworkCallback callback, boolean blocked,
+            TestNetworkAgentWrapper... agents) {
+        final List<Network> expectedNetworks = asList(agents).stream()
+                .map((agent) -> agent.getNetwork())
+                .collect(Collectors.toList());
+
+        // Expect exactly one blocked callback for each agent.
+        for (int i = 0; i < agents.length; i++) {
+            CallbackEntry e = callback.expectCallbackThat(TIMEOUT_MS, (c) ->
+                    c instanceof CallbackEntry.BlockedStatus
+                            && ((CallbackEntry.BlockedStatus) c).getBlocked() == blocked);
+            Network network = e.getNetwork();
+            assertTrue("Received unexpected blocked callback for network " + network,
+                    expectedNetworks.remove(network));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkBlockedStatusAlwaysOnVpn() throws Exception {
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(
+                Manifest.permission.CONTROL_ALWAYS_ON_VPN, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(
+                Manifest.permission.CONTROL_VPN, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
+                .build();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(request, callback);
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback defaultCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(defaultCallback);
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback vpnUidCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest vpnUidRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder().build();
+        registerNetworkCallbackAsUid(vpnUidRequest, vpnUidCallback, VPN_UID);
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback vpnUidDefaultCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        registerDefaultNetworkCallbackAsUid(vpnUidDefaultCallback, VPN_UID);
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback vpnDefaultCallbackAsUid = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(VPN_UID, vpnDefaultCallbackAsUid,
+                new Handler(ConnectivityThread.getInstanceLooper()));
+
+        final int uid = Process.myUid();
+        final int userId = UserHandle.getUserId(uid);
+        final ArrayList<String> allowList = new ArrayList<>();
+        mVpnManagerService.setAlwaysOnVpnPackage(userId, ALWAYS_ON_PACKAGE, true /* lockdown */,
+                allowList);
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        UidRangeParcel firstHalf = new UidRangeParcel(1, VPN_UID - 1);
+        UidRangeParcel secondHalf = new UidRangeParcel(VPN_UID + 1, 99999);
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mMockNetd);
+        expectNetworkRejectNonSecureVpn(inOrder, true, firstHalf, secondHalf);
+
+        // Connect a network when lockdown is active, expect to see it blocked.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false /* validated */);
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidatedAndBlocked(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidatedAndBlocked(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        vpnUidCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        vpnUidDefaultCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        vpnDefaultCallbackAsUid.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(VPN_UID));
+        assertNull(mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.BLOCKED);
+        // Mobile is BLOCKED even though it's not actually connected.
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.BLOCKED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.BLOCKED);
+
+        // Disable lockdown, expect to see the network unblocked.
+        mVpnManagerService.setAlwaysOnVpnPackage(userId, null, false /* lockdown */, allowList);
+        callback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(false, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        defaultCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(false, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        vpnUidCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        vpnUidDefaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        vpnDefaultCallbackAsUid.assertNoCallback();
+        expectNetworkRejectNonSecureVpn(inOrder, false, firstHalf, secondHalf);
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(VPN_UID));
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.DISCONNECTED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+
+        // Add our UID to the allowlist and re-enable lockdown, expect network is not blocked.
+        allowList.add(TEST_PACKAGE_NAME);
+        mVpnManagerService.setAlwaysOnVpnPackage(userId, ALWAYS_ON_PACKAGE, true /* lockdown */,
+                allowList);
+        callback.assertNoCallback();
+        defaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        vpnUidCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        vpnUidDefaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        vpnDefaultCallbackAsUid.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // The following requires that the UID of this test package is greater than VPN_UID. This
+        // is always true in practice because a plain AOSP build with no apps installed has almost
+        // 200 packages installed.
+        final UidRangeParcel piece1 = new UidRangeParcel(1, VPN_UID - 1);
+        final UidRangeParcel piece2 = new UidRangeParcel(VPN_UID + 1, uid - 1);
+        final UidRangeParcel piece3 = new UidRangeParcel(uid + 1, 99999);
+        expectNetworkRejectNonSecureVpn(inOrder, true, piece1, piece2, piece3);
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(VPN_UID));
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.DISCONNECTED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+
+        // Connect a new network, expect it to be unblocked.
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(false /* validated */);
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        defaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        vpnUidCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        vpnUidDefaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        vpnDefaultCallbackAsUid.assertNoCallback();
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(VPN_UID));
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        // Cellular is DISCONNECTED because it's not the default and there are no requests for it.
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.DISCONNECTED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+
+        // Disable lockdown, remove our UID from the allowlist, and re-enable lockdown.
+        // Everything should now be blocked.
+        mVpnManagerService.setAlwaysOnVpnPackage(userId, null, false /* lockdown */, allowList);
+        waitForIdle();
+        expectNetworkRejectNonSecureVpn(inOrder, false, piece1, piece2, piece3);
+        allowList.clear();
+        mVpnManagerService.setAlwaysOnVpnPackage(userId, ALWAYS_ON_PACKAGE, true /* lockdown */,
+                allowList);
+        waitForIdle();
+        expectNetworkRejectNonSecureVpn(inOrder, true, firstHalf, secondHalf);
+        defaultCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(true, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        assertBlockedCallbackInAnyOrder(callback, true, mWiFiNetworkAgent, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        vpnUidCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        vpnUidDefaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        vpnDefaultCallbackAsUid.assertNoCallback();
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(VPN_UID));
+        assertNull(mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.BLOCKED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.BLOCKED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.BLOCKED);
+
+        // Disable lockdown. Everything is unblocked.
+        mVpnManagerService.setAlwaysOnVpnPackage(userId, null, false /* lockdown */, allowList);
+        defaultCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(false, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        assertBlockedCallbackInAnyOrder(callback, false, mWiFiNetworkAgent, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        vpnUidCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        vpnUidDefaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        vpnDefaultCallbackAsUid.assertNoCallback();
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(VPN_UID));
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.DISCONNECTED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+
+        // Enable and disable an always-on VPN package without lockdown. Expect no changes.
+        reset(mMockNetd);
+        mVpnManagerService.setAlwaysOnVpnPackage(userId, ALWAYS_ON_PACKAGE, false /* lockdown */,
+                allowList);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkRejectNonSecureVpn(anyBoolean(), any());
+        callback.assertNoCallback();
+        defaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        vpnUidCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        vpnUidDefaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        vpnDefaultCallbackAsUid.assertNoCallback();
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(VPN_UID));
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.DISCONNECTED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+
+        mVpnManagerService.setAlwaysOnVpnPackage(userId, null, false /* lockdown */, allowList);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkRejectNonSecureVpn(anyBoolean(), any());
+        callback.assertNoCallback();
+        defaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        vpnUidCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        vpnUidDefaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        vpnDefaultCallbackAsUid.assertNoCallback();
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(VPN_UID));
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.DISCONNECTED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+
+        // Enable lockdown and connect a VPN. The VPN is not blocked.
+        mVpnManagerService.setAlwaysOnVpnPackage(userId, ALWAYS_ON_PACKAGE, true /* lockdown */,
+                allowList);
+        defaultCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(true, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        assertBlockedCallbackInAnyOrder(callback, true, mWiFiNetworkAgent, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        vpnUidCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        vpnUidDefaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        vpnDefaultCallbackAsUid.assertNoCallback();
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(VPN_UID));
+        assertNull(mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.BLOCKED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.BLOCKED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.BLOCKED);
+
+        mMockVpn.establishForMyUid();
+        assertUidRangesUpdatedForMyUid(true);
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mMockVpn);
+        vpnUidCallback.assertNoCallback();  // vpnUidCallback has NOT_VPN capability.
+        vpnUidDefaultCallback.assertNoCallback();  // VPN does not apply to VPN_UID
+        vpnDefaultCallbackAsUid.assertNoCallback();
+        assertEquals(mMockVpn.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(VPN_UID));
+        assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.DISCONNECTED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_VPN, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+
+        mMockVpn.disconnect();
+        defaultCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mMockVpn);
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidatedAndBlocked(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        vpnUidCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        vpnUidDefaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        vpnDefaultCallbackAsUid.assertNoCallback();
+        assertNull(mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(defaultCallback);
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(vpnUidCallback);
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(vpnUidDefaultCallback);
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(vpnDefaultCallbackAsUid);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testVpnExcludesOwnUid() throws Exception {
+        // required for registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid.
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+
+        // Connect Wi-Fi.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true /* validated */);
+
+        // Connect a VPN that excludes its UID from its UID ranges.
+        final LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.setInterfaceName(VPN_IFNAME);
+        final int myUid = Process.myUid();
+        final Set<UidRange> ranges = new ArraySet<>();
+        ranges.add(new UidRange(0, myUid - 1));
+        ranges.add(new UidRange(myUid + 1, UserHandle.PER_USER_RANGE - 1));
+        mMockVpn.setUnderlyingNetworks(new Network[]{mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork()});
+        mMockVpn.establish(lp, myUid, ranges);
+
+        // Wait for validation before registering callbacks.
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        final int otherUid = myUid + 1;
+        final Handler h = new Handler(ConnectivityThread.getInstanceLooper());
+        final TestNetworkCallback otherUidCb = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final TestNetworkCallback defaultCb = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final TestNetworkCallback perUidCb = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        registerDefaultNetworkCallbackAsUid(otherUidCb, otherUid);
+        mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(defaultCb, h);
+        doAsUid(Process.SYSTEM_UID,
+                () -> mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(myUid, perUidCb, h));
+
+        otherUidCb.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mMockVpn);
+        // BUG (b/195265065): the default network for the VPN app is actually Wi-Fi, not the VPN.
+        defaultCb.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mMockVpn);
+        perUidCb.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mMockVpn);
+        // getActiveNetwork is not affected by this bug.
+        assertEquals(mMockVpn.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(myUid + 1));
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(myUid));
+
+        doAsUid(otherUid, () -> mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(otherUidCb));
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(defaultCb);
+        doAsUid(Process.SYSTEM_UID, () -> mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(perUidCb));
+    }
+
+    private void setupLegacyLockdownVpn() {
+        final String profileName = "testVpnProfile";
+        final byte[] profileTag = profileName.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+        doReturn(profileTag).when(mVpnProfileStore).get(Credentials.LOCKDOWN_VPN);
+
+        final VpnProfile profile = new VpnProfile(profileName);
+        profile.name = "My VPN";
+        profile.server = "192.0.2.1";
+        profile.dnsServers = "8.8.8.8";
+        profile.type = VpnProfile.TYPE_IPSEC_XAUTH_PSK;
+        final byte[] encodedProfile = profile.encode();
+        doReturn(encodedProfile).when(mVpnProfileStore).get(Credentials.VPN + profileName);
+    }
+
+    private void establishLegacyLockdownVpn(Network underlying) throws Exception {
+        // The legacy lockdown VPN only supports userId 0, and must have an underlying network.
+        assertNotNull(underlying);
+        mMockVpn.setVpnType(VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_LEGACY);
+        // The legacy lockdown VPN only supports userId 0.
+        final Set<UidRange> ranges = Collections.singleton(PRIMARY_UIDRANGE);
+        mMockVpn.registerAgent(ranges);
+        mMockVpn.setUnderlyingNetworks(new Network[]{underlying});
+        mMockVpn.connect(true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLegacyLockdownVpn() throws Exception {
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(
+                Manifest.permission.CONTROL_VPN, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        // For LockdownVpnTracker to call registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback.
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+
+        final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder().clearCapabilities().build();
+        final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(request, callback);
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback defaultCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(defaultCallback);
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback systemDefaultCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(systemDefaultCallback,
+                new Handler(ConnectivityThread.getInstanceLooper()));
+
+        // Pretend lockdown VPN was configured.
+        setupLegacyLockdownVpn();
+
+        // LockdownVpnTracker disables the Vpn teardown code and enables lockdown.
+        // Check the VPN's state before it does so.
+        assertTrue(mMockVpn.getEnableTeardown());
+        assertFalse(mMockVpn.getLockdown());
+
+        // Send a USER_UNLOCKED broadcast so CS starts LockdownVpnTracker.
+        final int userId = UserHandle.getUserId(Process.myUid());
+        final Intent addedIntent = new Intent(ACTION_USER_UNLOCKED);
+        addedIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_USER, UserHandle.of(userId));
+        addedIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_USER_HANDLE, userId);
+        processBroadcast(addedIntent);
+
+        // Lockdown VPN disables teardown and enables lockdown.
+        assertFalse(mMockVpn.getEnableTeardown());
+        assertTrue(mMockVpn.getLockdown());
+
+        // Bring up a network.
+        // Expect nothing to happen because the network does not have an IPv4 default route: legacy
+        // VPN only supports IPv4.
+        final LinkProperties cellLp = new LinkProperties();
+        cellLp.setInterfaceName("rmnet0");
+        cellLp.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("2001:db8::1/64"));
+        cellLp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix("::/0"), null, "rmnet0"));
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, cellLp);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(false /* validated */);
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidatedAndBlocked(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidatedAndBlocked(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        systemDefaultCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidatedAndBlocked(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        waitForIdle();
+        assertNull(mMockVpn.getAgent());
+
+        // Add an IPv4 address. Ideally the VPN should start, but it doesn't because nothing calls
+        // LockdownVpnTracker#handleStateChangedLocked. This is a bug.
+        // TODO: consider fixing this.
+        cellLp.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("192.0.2.2/25"));
+        cellLp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix("0.0.0.0/0"), null, "rmnet0"));
+        mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(cellLp);
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LINK_PROPERTIES_CHANGED, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        defaultCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LINK_PROPERTIES_CHANGED, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        systemDefaultCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LINK_PROPERTIES_CHANGED,
+                mCellNetworkAgent);
+        waitForIdle();
+        assertNull(mMockVpn.getAgent());
+
+        // Disconnect, then try again with a network that supports IPv4 at connection time.
+        // Expect lockdown VPN to come up.
+        ExpectedBroadcast b1 = expectConnectivityAction(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.DISCONNECTED);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        defaultCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        systemDefaultCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        b1.expectBroadcast();
+
+        // When lockdown VPN is active, the NetworkInfo state in CONNECTIVITY_ACTION is overwritten
+        // with the state of the VPN network. So expect a CONNECTING broadcast.
+        b1 = expectConnectivityAction(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.CONNECTING);
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, cellLp);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(false /* validated */);
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidatedAndBlocked(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidatedAndBlocked(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        systemDefaultCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidatedAndBlocked(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        b1.expectBroadcast();
+        assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.BLOCKED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.BLOCKED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.BLOCKED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_VPN, DetailedState.BLOCKED);
+        assertExtraInfoFromCmBlocked(mCellNetworkAgent);
+
+        // TODO: it would be nice if we could simply rely on the production code here, and have
+        // LockdownVpnTracker start the VPN, have the VPN code register its NetworkAgent with
+        // ConnectivityService, etc. That would require duplicating a fair bit of code from the
+        // Vpn tests around how to mock out LegacyVpnRunner. But even if we did that, this does not
+        // work for at least two reasons:
+        // 1. In this test, calling registerNetworkAgent does not actually result in an agent being
+        //    registered. This is because nothing calls onNetworkMonitorCreated, which is what
+        //    actually ends up causing handleRegisterNetworkAgent to be called. Code in this test
+        //    that wants to register an agent must use TestNetworkAgentWrapper.
+        // 2. Even if we exposed Vpn#agentConnect to the test, and made MockVpn#agentConnect call
+        //    the TestNetworkAgentWrapper code, this would deadlock because the
+        //    TestNetworkAgentWrapper code cannot be called on the handler thread since it calls
+        //    waitForIdle().
+        mMockVpn.expectStartLegacyVpnRunner();
+        b1 = expectConnectivityAction(TYPE_VPN, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        ExpectedBroadcast b2 = expectConnectivityAction(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        establishLegacyLockdownVpn(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+        callback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mMockVpn);
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mMockVpn);
+        systemDefaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        NetworkCapabilities vpnNc = mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mMockVpn.getNetwork());
+        b1.expectBroadcast();
+        b2.expectBroadcast();
+        assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.DISCONNECTED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_VPN, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        assertExtraInfoFromCmPresent(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        assertTrue(vpnNc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN));
+        assertTrue(vpnNc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR));
+        assertFalse(vpnNc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
+        assertFalse(vpnNc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED));
+        assertVpnTransportInfo(vpnNc, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_LEGACY);
+
+        // Switch default network from cell to wifi. Expect VPN to disconnect and reconnect.
+        final LinkProperties wifiLp = new LinkProperties();
+        wifiLp.setInterfaceName("wlan0");
+        wifiLp.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("192.0.2.163/25"));
+        wifiLp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix("0.0.0.0/0"), null, "wlan0"));
+        final NetworkCapabilities wifiNc = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        wifiNc.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        wifiNc.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI, wifiLp, wifiNc);
+
+        b1 = expectConnectivityAction(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.DISCONNECTED);
+        // Wifi is CONNECTING because the VPN isn't up yet.
+        b2 = expectConnectivityAction(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.CONNECTING);
+        ExpectedBroadcast b3 = expectConnectivityAction(TYPE_VPN, DetailedState.DISCONNECTED);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false /* validated */);
+        b1.expectBroadcast();
+        b2.expectBroadcast();
+        b3.expectBroadcast();
+        mMockVpn.expectStopVpnRunnerPrivileged();
+        mMockVpn.expectStartLegacyVpnRunner();
+
+        // TODO: why is wifi not blocked? Is it because when this callback is sent, the VPN is still
+        // connected, so the network is not considered blocked by the lockdown UID ranges? But the
+        // fact that a VPN is connected should only result in the VPN itself being unblocked, not
+        // any other network. Bug in isUidBlockedByVpn?
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mMockVpn);
+        defaultCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mMockVpn);
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidatedAndBlocked(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        systemDefaultCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        // While the VPN is reconnecting on the new network, everything is blocked.
+        assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.BLOCKED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.BLOCKED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.BLOCKED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_VPN, DetailedState.BLOCKED);
+        assertExtraInfoFromCmBlocked(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        // The VPN comes up again on wifi.
+        b1 = expectConnectivityAction(TYPE_VPN, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        b2 = expectConnectivityAction(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        establishLegacyLockdownVpn(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+        callback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mMockVpn);
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mMockVpn);
+        systemDefaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        b1.expectBroadcast();
+        b2.expectBroadcast();
+        assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.DISCONNECTED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_VPN, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        assertExtraInfoFromCmPresent(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        vpnNc = mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mMockVpn.getNetwork());
+        assertTrue(vpnNc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN));
+        assertTrue(vpnNc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
+        assertFalse(vpnNc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR));
+        assertTrue(vpnNc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED));
+
+        // Disconnect cell. Nothing much happens since it's not the default network.
+        mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        defaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        systemDefaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        assertActiveNetworkInfo(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, DetailedState.DISCONNECTED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_VPN, DetailedState.CONNECTED);
+        assertExtraInfoFromCmPresent(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        b1 = expectConnectivityAction(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.DISCONNECTED);
+        b2 = expectConnectivityAction(TYPE_VPN, DetailedState.DISCONNECTED);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        systemDefaultCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        b1.expectBroadcast();
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesThat(mMockVpn, nc -> !nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
+        mMockVpn.expectStopVpnRunnerPrivileged();
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mMockVpn);
+        b2.expectBroadcast();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test mutable and requestable network capabilities such as
+     * {@link NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED} and
+     * {@link NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED}. Verify that the
+     * {@code ConnectivityService} re-assign the networks accordingly.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public final void testLoseMutableAndRequestableCaps() throws Exception {
+        final int[] testCaps = new int [] {
+                NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED,
+                NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED
+        };
+        for (final int testCap : testCaps) {
+            // Create requests with and without the testing capability.
+            final TestNetworkCallback callbackWithCap = new TestNetworkCallback();
+            final TestNetworkCallback callbackWithoutCap = new TestNetworkCallback();
+            mCm.requestNetwork(new NetworkRequest.Builder().addCapability(testCap).build(),
+                    callbackWithCap);
+            mCm.requestNetwork(new NetworkRequest.Builder().removeCapability(testCap).build(),
+                    callbackWithoutCap);
+
+            // Setup networks with testing capability and verify the default network changes.
+            mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+            mCellNetworkAgent.addCapability(testCap);
+            mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+            callbackWithCap.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+            callbackWithoutCap.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+            verify(mMockNetd).networkSetDefault(eq(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId));
+            reset(mMockNetd);
+
+            mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+            mWiFiNetworkAgent.addCapability(testCap);
+            mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+            callbackWithCap.expectAvailableDoubleValidatedCallbacks(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+            callbackWithoutCap.expectAvailableDoubleValidatedCallbacks(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+            verify(mMockNetd).networkSetDefault(eq(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId));
+            reset(mMockNetd);
+
+            // Remove the testing capability on wifi, verify the callback and default network
+            // changes back to cellular.
+            mWiFiNetworkAgent.removeCapability(testCap);
+            callbackWithCap.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+            callbackWithoutCap.expectCapabilitiesWithout(testCap, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+            verify(mMockNetd).networkSetDefault(eq(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId));
+            reset(mMockNetd);
+
+            mCellNetworkAgent.removeCapability(testCap);
+            callbackWithCap.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+            callbackWithoutCap.assertNoCallback();
+            verify(mMockNetd).networkClearDefault();
+
+            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callbackWithCap);
+            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callbackWithoutCap);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public final void testBatteryStatsNetworkType() throws Exception {
+        final LinkProperties cellLp = new LinkProperties();
+        cellLp.setInterfaceName("cell0");
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, cellLp);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        waitForIdle();
+        final ArrayTrackRecord<ReportedInterfaces>.ReadHead readHead =
+                mDeps.mReportedInterfaceHistory.newReadHead();
+        assertNotNull(readHead.poll(TIMEOUT_MS, ri -> ri.contentEquals(mServiceContext,
+                cellLp.getInterfaceName(),
+                new int[] { TRANSPORT_CELLULAR })));
+
+        final LinkProperties wifiLp = new LinkProperties();
+        wifiLp.setInterfaceName("wifi0");
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI, wifiLp);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        waitForIdle();
+        assertNotNull(readHead.poll(TIMEOUT_MS, ri -> ri.contentEquals(mServiceContext,
+                wifiLp.getInterfaceName(),
+                new int[] { TRANSPORT_WIFI })));
+
+        mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+
+        cellLp.setInterfaceName("wifi0");
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, cellLp);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        waitForIdle();
+        assertNotNull(readHead.poll(TIMEOUT_MS, ri -> ri.contentEquals(mServiceContext,
+                cellLp.getInterfaceName(),
+                new int[] { TRANSPORT_CELLULAR })));
+        mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Make simulated InterfaceConfigParcel for Nat464Xlat to query clat lower layer info.
+     */
+    private InterfaceConfigurationParcel getClatInterfaceConfigParcel(LinkAddress la) {
+        final InterfaceConfigurationParcel cfg = new InterfaceConfigurationParcel();
+        cfg.hwAddr = "11:22:33:44:55:66";
+        cfg.ipv4Addr = la.getAddress().getHostAddress();
+        cfg.prefixLength = la.getPrefixLength();
+        return cfg;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Make expected stack link properties, copied from Nat464Xlat.
+     */
+    private LinkProperties makeClatLinkProperties(LinkAddress la) {
+        LinkAddress clatAddress = la;
+        LinkProperties stacked = new LinkProperties();
+        stacked.setInterfaceName(CLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        RouteInfo ipv4Default = new RouteInfo(
+                new LinkAddress(Inet4Address.ANY, 0),
+                clatAddress.getAddress(), CLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        stacked.addRoute(ipv4Default);
+        stacked.addLinkAddress(clatAddress);
+        return stacked;
+    }
+
+    private Nat64PrefixEventParcel makeNat64PrefixEvent(final int netId, final int prefixOperation,
+            final String prefixAddress, final int prefixLength) {
+        final Nat64PrefixEventParcel event = new Nat64PrefixEventParcel();
+        event.netId = netId;
+        event.prefixOperation = prefixOperation;
+        event.prefixAddress = prefixAddress;
+        event.prefixLength = prefixLength;
+        return event;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStackedLinkProperties() throws Exception {
+        final LinkAddress myIpv4 = new LinkAddress("1.2.3.4/24");
+        final LinkAddress myIpv6 = new LinkAddress("2001:db8:1::1/64");
+        final String kNat64PrefixString = "2001:db8:64:64:64:64::";
+        final IpPrefix kNat64Prefix = new IpPrefix(InetAddress.getByName(kNat64PrefixString), 96);
+        final String kOtherNat64PrefixString = "64:ff9b::";
+        final IpPrefix kOtherNat64Prefix = new IpPrefix(
+                InetAddress.getByName(kOtherNat64PrefixString), 96);
+        final RouteInfo ipv6Default =
+                new RouteInfo((IpPrefix) null, myIpv6.getAddress(), MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        final RouteInfo ipv6Subnet = new RouteInfo(myIpv6, null, MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        final RouteInfo ipv4Subnet = new RouteInfo(myIpv4, null, MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        final RouteInfo stackedDefault =
+                new RouteInfo((IpPrefix) null, myIpv4.getAddress(), CLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME);
+
+        final NetworkRequest networkRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .build();
+        final TestNetworkCallback networkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(networkRequest, networkCallback);
+
+        // Prepare ipv6 only link properties.
+        final LinkProperties cellLp = new LinkProperties();
+        cellLp.setInterfaceName(MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        cellLp.addLinkAddress(myIpv6);
+        cellLp.addRoute(ipv6Default);
+        cellLp.addRoute(ipv6Subnet);
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, cellLp);
+        reset(mMockDnsResolver);
+        reset(mMockNetd);
+
+        // Connect with ipv6 link properties. Expect prefix discovery to be started.
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        int cellNetId = mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId;
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkCreate(nativeNetworkConfigPhysical(cellNetId,
+                INetd.PERMISSION_NONE));
+        assertRoutesAdded(cellNetId, ipv6Subnet, ipv6Default);
+        verify(mMockDnsResolver, times(1)).createNetworkCache(eq(cellNetId));
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddInterface(cellNetId, MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        final ArrayTrackRecord<ReportedInterfaces>.ReadHead readHead =
+                mDeps.mReportedInterfaceHistory.newReadHead();
+        assertNotNull(readHead.poll(TIMEOUT_MS, ri -> ri.contentEquals(mServiceContext,
+                cellLp.getInterfaceName(),
+                new int[] { TRANSPORT_CELLULAR })));
+
+        networkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        verify(mMockDnsResolver, times(1)).startPrefix64Discovery(cellNetId);
+
+        // Switching default network updates TCP buffer sizes.
+        verifyTcpBufferSizeChange(ConnectivityService.DEFAULT_TCP_BUFFER_SIZES);
+        // Add an IPv4 address. Expect prefix discovery to be stopped. Netd doesn't tell us that
+        // the NAT64 prefix was removed because one was never discovered.
+        cellLp.addLinkAddress(myIpv4);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(cellLp);
+        networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LINK_PROPERTIES_CHANGED, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        assertRoutesAdded(cellNetId, ipv4Subnet);
+        verify(mMockDnsResolver, times(1)).stopPrefix64Discovery(cellNetId);
+        verify(mMockDnsResolver, atLeastOnce()).setResolverConfiguration(any());
+
+        // Make sure BatteryStats was not told about any v4- interfaces, as none should have
+        // come online yet.
+        waitForIdle();
+        assertNull(readHead.poll(0 /* timeout */, ri -> mServiceContext.equals(ri.context)
+                && ri.iface != null && ri.iface.startsWith("v4-")));
+
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mMockNetd);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mMockDnsResolver);
+        reset(mMockNetd);
+        reset(mMockDnsResolver);
+        doReturn(getClatInterfaceConfigParcel(myIpv4)).when(mMockNetd)
+                .interfaceGetCfg(CLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME);
+
+        // Remove IPv4 address. Expect prefix discovery to be started again.
+        cellLp.removeLinkAddress(myIpv4);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(cellLp);
+        networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LINK_PROPERTIES_CHANGED, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        verify(mMockDnsResolver, times(1)).startPrefix64Discovery(cellNetId);
+        assertRoutesRemoved(cellNetId, ipv4Subnet);
+
+        // When NAT64 prefix discovery succeeds, LinkProperties are updated and clatd is started.
+        Nat464Xlat clat = getNat464Xlat(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        assertNull(mCm.getLinkProperties(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork()).getNat64Prefix());
+        mService.mResolverUnsolEventCallback.onNat64PrefixEvent(
+                makeNat64PrefixEvent(cellNetId, PREFIX_OPERATION_ADDED, kNat64PrefixString, 96));
+        LinkProperties lpBeforeClat = networkCallback.expectCallback(
+                CallbackEntry.LINK_PROPERTIES_CHANGED, mCellNetworkAgent).getLp();
+        assertEquals(0, lpBeforeClat.getStackedLinks().size());
+        assertEquals(kNat64Prefix, lpBeforeClat.getNat64Prefix());
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).clatdStart(MOBILE_IFNAME, kNat64Prefix.toString());
+
+        // Clat iface comes up. Expect stacked link to be added.
+        clat.interfaceLinkStateChanged(CLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME, true);
+        networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LINK_PROPERTIES_CHANGED, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        List<LinkProperties> stackedLps = mCm.getLinkProperties(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork())
+                .getStackedLinks();
+        assertEquals(makeClatLinkProperties(myIpv4), stackedLps.get(0));
+        assertRoutesAdded(cellNetId, stackedDefault);
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddInterface(cellNetId, CLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        // Change trivial linkproperties and see if stacked link is preserved.
+        cellLp.addDnsServer(InetAddress.getByName("8.8.8.8"));
+        mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(cellLp);
+        networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LINK_PROPERTIES_CHANGED, mCellNetworkAgent);
+
+        List<LinkProperties> stackedLpsAfterChange =
+                mCm.getLinkProperties(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork()).getStackedLinks();
+        assertNotEquals(stackedLpsAfterChange, Collections.EMPTY_LIST);
+        assertEquals(makeClatLinkProperties(myIpv4), stackedLpsAfterChange.get(0));
+
+        verify(mMockDnsResolver, times(1)).setResolverConfiguration(
+                mResolverParamsParcelCaptor.capture());
+        ResolverParamsParcel resolvrParams = mResolverParamsParcelCaptor.getValue();
+        assertEquals(1, resolvrParams.servers.length);
+        assertTrue(CollectionUtils.contains(resolvrParams.servers, "8.8.8.8"));
+
+        for (final LinkProperties stackedLp : stackedLpsAfterChange) {
+            assertNotNull(readHead.poll(TIMEOUT_MS, ri -> ri.contentEquals(mServiceContext,
+                    stackedLp.getInterfaceName(),
+                    new int[] { TRANSPORT_CELLULAR })));
+        }
+        reset(mMockNetd);
+        doReturn(getClatInterfaceConfigParcel(myIpv4)).when(mMockNetd)
+                .interfaceGetCfg(CLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        // Change the NAT64 prefix without first removing it.
+        // Expect clatd to be stopped and started with the new prefix.
+        mService.mResolverUnsolEventCallback.onNat64PrefixEvent(makeNat64PrefixEvent(
+                cellNetId, PREFIX_OPERATION_ADDED, kOtherNat64PrefixString, 96));
+        networkCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mCellNetworkAgent,
+                (lp) -> lp.getStackedLinks().size() == 0);
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).clatdStop(MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        assertRoutesRemoved(cellNetId, stackedDefault);
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkRemoveInterface(cellNetId, CLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME);
+
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).clatdStart(MOBILE_IFNAME, kOtherNat64Prefix.toString());
+        networkCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mCellNetworkAgent,
+                (lp) -> lp.getNat64Prefix().equals(kOtherNat64Prefix));
+        clat.interfaceLinkStateChanged(CLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME, true);
+        networkCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mCellNetworkAgent,
+                (lp) -> lp.getStackedLinks().size() == 1);
+        assertRoutesAdded(cellNetId, stackedDefault);
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddInterface(cellNetId, CLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        reset(mMockNetd);
+
+        // Add ipv4 address, expect that clatd and prefix discovery are stopped and stacked
+        // linkproperties are cleaned up.
+        cellLp.addLinkAddress(myIpv4);
+        cellLp.addRoute(ipv4Subnet);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(cellLp);
+        networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LINK_PROPERTIES_CHANGED, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        assertRoutesAdded(cellNetId, ipv4Subnet);
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).clatdStop(MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        verify(mMockDnsResolver, times(1)).stopPrefix64Discovery(cellNetId);
+
+        // As soon as stop is called, the linkproperties lose the stacked interface.
+        networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LINK_PROPERTIES_CHANGED, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        LinkProperties actualLpAfterIpv4 = mCm.getLinkProperties(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+        LinkProperties expected = new LinkProperties(cellLp);
+        expected.setNat64Prefix(kOtherNat64Prefix);
+        assertEquals(expected, actualLpAfterIpv4);
+        assertEquals(0, actualLpAfterIpv4.getStackedLinks().size());
+        assertRoutesRemoved(cellNetId, stackedDefault);
+
+        // The interface removed callback happens but has no effect after stop is called.
+        clat.interfaceRemoved(CLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        networkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkRemoveInterface(cellNetId, CLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mMockNetd);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mMockDnsResolver);
+        reset(mMockNetd);
+        reset(mMockDnsResolver);
+        doReturn(getClatInterfaceConfigParcel(myIpv4)).when(mMockNetd)
+                .interfaceGetCfg(CLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME);
+
+        // Stopping prefix discovery causes netd to tell us that the NAT64 prefix is gone.
+        mService.mResolverUnsolEventCallback.onNat64PrefixEvent(makeNat64PrefixEvent(
+                cellNetId, PREFIX_OPERATION_REMOVED, kOtherNat64PrefixString, 96));
+        networkCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mCellNetworkAgent,
+                (lp) -> lp.getNat64Prefix() == null);
+
+        // Remove IPv4 address and expect prefix discovery and clatd to be started again.
+        cellLp.removeLinkAddress(myIpv4);
+        cellLp.removeRoute(new RouteInfo(myIpv4, null, MOBILE_IFNAME));
+        cellLp.removeDnsServer(InetAddress.getByName("8.8.8.8"));
+        mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(cellLp);
+        networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LINK_PROPERTIES_CHANGED, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        assertRoutesRemoved(cellNetId, ipv4Subnet);  // Directly-connected routes auto-added.
+        verify(mMockDnsResolver, times(1)).startPrefix64Discovery(cellNetId);
+        mService.mResolverUnsolEventCallback.onNat64PrefixEvent(makeNat64PrefixEvent(
+                cellNetId, PREFIX_OPERATION_ADDED, kNat64PrefixString, 96));
+        networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LINK_PROPERTIES_CHANGED, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).clatdStart(MOBILE_IFNAME, kNat64Prefix.toString());
+
+        // Clat iface comes up. Expect stacked link to be added.
+        clat.interfaceLinkStateChanged(CLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME, true);
+        networkCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mCellNetworkAgent,
+                (lp) -> lp.getStackedLinks().size() == 1 && lp.getNat64Prefix() != null);
+        assertRoutesAdded(cellNetId, stackedDefault);
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddInterface(cellNetId, CLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME);
+
+        // NAT64 prefix is removed. Expect that clat is stopped.
+        mService.mResolverUnsolEventCallback.onNat64PrefixEvent(makeNat64PrefixEvent(
+                cellNetId, PREFIX_OPERATION_REMOVED, kNat64PrefixString, 96));
+        networkCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mCellNetworkAgent,
+                (lp) -> lp.getStackedLinks().size() == 0 && lp.getNat64Prefix() == null);
+        assertRoutesRemoved(cellNetId, ipv4Subnet, stackedDefault);
+
+        // Stop has no effect because clat is already stopped.
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).clatdStop(MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        networkCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mCellNetworkAgent,
+                (lp) -> lp.getStackedLinks().size() == 0);
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkRemoveInterface(cellNetId, CLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).interfaceGetCfg(CLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        // Clean up.
+        mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        networkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).idletimerRemoveInterface(eq(MOBILE_IFNAME), anyInt(),
+                eq(Integer.toString(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)));
+        verify(mMockNetd).networkDestroy(cellNetId);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mMockNetd);
+        reset(mMockNetd);
+
+        // Test disconnecting a network that is running 464xlat.
+
+        // Connect a network with a NAT64 prefix.
+        doReturn(getClatInterfaceConfigParcel(myIpv4)).when(mMockNetd)
+                .interfaceGetCfg(CLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        cellLp.setNat64Prefix(kNat64Prefix);
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, cellLp);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(false /* validated */);
+        networkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        cellNetId = mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId;
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkCreate(nativeNetworkConfigPhysical(cellNetId,
+                INetd.PERMISSION_NONE));
+        assertRoutesAdded(cellNetId, ipv6Subnet, ipv6Default);
+
+        // Clatd is started and clat iface comes up. Expect stacked link to be added.
+        verify(mMockNetd).clatdStart(MOBILE_IFNAME, kNat64Prefix.toString());
+        clat = getNat464Xlat(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        clat.interfaceLinkStateChanged(CLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME, true /* up */);
+        networkCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mCellNetworkAgent,
+                (lp) -> lp.getStackedLinks().size() == 1
+                        && lp.getNat64Prefix().equals(kNat64Prefix));
+        verify(mMockNetd).networkAddInterface(cellNetId, CLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        // assertRoutesAdded sees all calls since last mMockNetd reset, so expect IPv6 routes again.
+        assertRoutesAdded(cellNetId, ipv6Subnet, ipv6Default, stackedDefault);
+        reset(mMockNetd);
+
+        // Disconnect the network. clat is stopped and the network is destroyed.
+        mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        networkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        verify(mMockNetd).clatdStop(MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        verify(mMockNetd).idletimerRemoveInterface(eq(MOBILE_IFNAME), anyInt(),
+                eq(Integer.toString(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)));
+        verify(mMockNetd).networkDestroy(cellNetId);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mMockNetd);
+
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
+    }
+
+    private void expectNat64PrefixChange(TestableNetworkCallback callback,
+            TestNetworkAgentWrapper agent, IpPrefix prefix) {
+        callback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(agent, x -> Objects.equals(x.getNat64Prefix(), prefix));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNat64PrefixMultipleSources() throws Exception {
+        final String iface = "wlan0";
+        final String pref64FromRaStr = "64:ff9b::";
+        final String pref64FromDnsStr = "2001:db8:64::";
+        final IpPrefix pref64FromRa = new IpPrefix(InetAddress.getByName(pref64FromRaStr), 96);
+        final IpPrefix pref64FromDns = new IpPrefix(InetAddress.getByName(pref64FromDnsStr), 96);
+        final IpPrefix newPref64FromRa = new IpPrefix("2001:db8:64:64:64:64::/96");
+
+        final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .build();
+        final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(request, callback);
+
+        final LinkProperties baseLp = new LinkProperties();
+        baseLp.setInterfaceName(iface);
+        baseLp.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("2001:db8:1::1/64"));
+        baseLp.addDnsServer(InetAddress.getByName("2001:4860:4860::6464"));
+
+        reset(mMockNetd, mMockDnsResolver);
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mMockNetd, mMockDnsResolver);
+
+        // If a network already has a NAT64 prefix on connect, clatd is started immediately and
+        // prefix discovery is never started.
+        LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties(baseLp);
+        lp.setNat64Prefix(pref64FromRa);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI, lp);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        final Network network = mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork();
+        int netId = network.getNetId();
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).clatdStart(iface, pref64FromRa.toString());
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver).setPrefix64(netId, pref64FromRa.toString());
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver, never()).startPrefix64Discovery(netId);
+        callback.assertNoCallback();
+        assertEquals(pref64FromRa, mCm.getLinkProperties(network).getNat64Prefix());
+
+        // If the RA prefix is withdrawn, clatd is stopped and prefix discovery is started.
+        lp.setNat64Prefix(null);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(lp);
+        expectNat64PrefixChange(callback, mWiFiNetworkAgent, null);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).clatdStop(iface);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver).setPrefix64(netId, "");
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver).startPrefix64Discovery(netId);
+
+        // If the RA prefix appears while DNS discovery is in progress, discovery is stopped and
+        // clatd is started with the prefix from the RA.
+        lp.setNat64Prefix(pref64FromRa);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(lp);
+        expectNat64PrefixChange(callback, mWiFiNetworkAgent, pref64FromRa);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).clatdStart(iface, pref64FromRa.toString());
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver).stopPrefix64Discovery(netId);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver).setPrefix64(netId, pref64FromRa.toString());
+
+        // Withdraw the RA prefix so we can test the case where an RA prefix appears after DNS
+        // discovery has succeeded.
+        lp.setNat64Prefix(null);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(lp);
+        expectNat64PrefixChange(callback, mWiFiNetworkAgent, null);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).clatdStop(iface);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver).setPrefix64(netId, "");
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver).startPrefix64Discovery(netId);
+
+        mService.mResolverUnsolEventCallback.onNat64PrefixEvent(
+                makeNat64PrefixEvent(netId, PREFIX_OPERATION_ADDED, pref64FromDnsStr, 96));
+        expectNat64PrefixChange(callback, mWiFiNetworkAgent, pref64FromDns);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).clatdStart(iface, pref64FromDns.toString());
+
+        // If an RA advertises the same prefix that was discovered by DNS, nothing happens: prefix
+        // discovery is not stopped, and there are no callbacks.
+        lp.setNat64Prefix(pref64FromDns);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(lp);
+        callback.assertNoCallback();
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).clatdStop(iface);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).clatdStart(eq(iface), anyString());
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver, never()).stopPrefix64Discovery(netId);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver, never()).startPrefix64Discovery(netId);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver, never()).setPrefix64(eq(netId), anyString());
+
+        // If the RA is later withdrawn, nothing happens again.
+        lp.setNat64Prefix(null);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(lp);
+        callback.assertNoCallback();
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).clatdStop(iface);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).clatdStart(eq(iface), anyString());
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver, never()).stopPrefix64Discovery(netId);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver, never()).startPrefix64Discovery(netId);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver, never()).setPrefix64(eq(netId), anyString());
+
+        // If the RA prefix changes, clatd is restarted and prefix discovery is stopped.
+        lp.setNat64Prefix(pref64FromRa);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(lp);
+        expectNat64PrefixChange(callback, mWiFiNetworkAgent, pref64FromRa);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).clatdStop(iface);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver).stopPrefix64Discovery(netId);
+
+        // Stopping prefix discovery results in a prefix removed notification.
+        mService.mResolverUnsolEventCallback.onNat64PrefixEvent(
+                makeNat64PrefixEvent(netId, PREFIX_OPERATION_REMOVED, pref64FromDnsStr, 96));
+
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).clatdStart(iface, pref64FromRa.toString());
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver).setPrefix64(netId, pref64FromRa.toString());
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver, never()).startPrefix64Discovery(netId);
+
+        // If the RA prefix changes, clatd is restarted and prefix discovery is not started.
+        lp.setNat64Prefix(newPref64FromRa);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(lp);
+        expectNat64PrefixChange(callback, mWiFiNetworkAgent, newPref64FromRa);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).clatdStop(iface);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver).setPrefix64(netId, "");
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).clatdStart(iface, newPref64FromRa.toString());
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver).setPrefix64(netId, newPref64FromRa.toString());
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver, never()).stopPrefix64Discovery(netId);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver, never()).startPrefix64Discovery(netId);
+
+        // If the RA prefix changes to the same value, nothing happens.
+        lp.setNat64Prefix(newPref64FromRa);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(lp);
+        callback.assertNoCallback();
+        assertEquals(newPref64FromRa, mCm.getLinkProperties(network).getNat64Prefix());
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).clatdStop(iface);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).clatdStart(eq(iface), anyString());
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver, never()).stopPrefix64Discovery(netId);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver, never()).startPrefix64Discovery(netId);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver, never()).setPrefix64(eq(netId), anyString());
+
+        // The transition between no prefix and DNS prefix is tested in testStackedLinkProperties.
+
+        // If the same prefix is learned first by DNS and then by RA, and clat is later stopped,
+        // (e.g., because the network disconnects) setPrefix64(netid, "") is never called.
+        lp.setNat64Prefix(null);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(lp);
+        expectNat64PrefixChange(callback, mWiFiNetworkAgent, null);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).clatdStop(iface);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver).setPrefix64(netId, "");
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver).startPrefix64Discovery(netId);
+        mService.mResolverUnsolEventCallback.onNat64PrefixEvent(
+                makeNat64PrefixEvent(netId, PREFIX_OPERATION_ADDED, pref64FromDnsStr, 96));
+        expectNat64PrefixChange(callback, mWiFiNetworkAgent, pref64FromDns);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).clatdStart(iface, pref64FromDns.toString());
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver, never()).setPrefix64(eq(netId), any());
+
+        lp.setNat64Prefix(pref64FromDns);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(lp);
+        callback.assertNoCallback();
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).clatdStop(iface);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).clatdStart(eq(iface), anyString());
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver, never()).stopPrefix64Discovery(netId);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver, never()).startPrefix64Discovery(netId);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver, never()).setPrefix64(eq(netId), anyString());
+
+        // When tearing down a network, clat state is only updated after CALLBACK_LOST is fired, but
+        // before CONNECTIVITY_ACTION is sent. Wait for CONNECTIVITY_ACTION before verifying that
+        // clat has been stopped, or the test will be flaky.
+        ExpectedBroadcast b = expectConnectivityAction(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.DISCONNECTED);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        b.expectBroadcast();
+
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).clatdStop(iface);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver).stopPrefix64Discovery(netId);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver, never()).setPrefix64(eq(netId), anyString());
+
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testWith464XlatDisable() throws Exception {
+        mDeps.setCellular464XlatEnabled(false);
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final TestNetworkCallback defaultCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest networkRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .build();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(networkRequest, callback);
+        mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(defaultCallback);
+
+        // Bring up validated cell.
+        final LinkProperties cellLp = new LinkProperties();
+        cellLp.setInterfaceName(MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        cellLp.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("2001:db8:1::1/64"));
+        cellLp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix("::/0"), null, MOBILE_IFNAME));
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+
+        mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(cellLp);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        callback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        defaultCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        final int cellNetId = mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId;
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        verify(mMockDnsResolver, never()).startPrefix64Discovery(cellNetId);
+        Nat464Xlat clat = getNat464Xlat(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        assertTrue("Nat464Xlat was not IDLE", !clat.isStarted());
+
+        // This cannot happen because prefix discovery cannot succeed if it is never started.
+        mService.mResolverUnsolEventCallback.onNat64PrefixEvent(
+                makeNat64PrefixEvent(cellNetId, PREFIX_OPERATION_ADDED, "64:ff9b::", 96));
+
+        // ... but still, check that even if it did, clatd would not be started.
+        verify(mMockNetd, never()).clatdStart(anyString(), anyString());
+        assertTrue("Nat464Xlat was not IDLE", !clat.isStarted());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDataActivityTracking() throws Exception {
+        final TestNetworkCallback networkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest networkRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .build();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(networkRequest, networkCallback);
+
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        final LinkProperties cellLp = new LinkProperties();
+        cellLp.setInterfaceName(MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(cellLp);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        networkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).idletimerAddInterface(eq(MOBILE_IFNAME), anyInt(),
+                eq(Integer.toString(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)));
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        final LinkProperties wifiLp = new LinkProperties();
+        wifiLp.setInterfaceName(WIFI_IFNAME);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(wifiLp);
+
+        // Network switch
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        networkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOSING, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        networkCallback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).idletimerAddInterface(eq(WIFI_IFNAME), anyInt(),
+                eq(Integer.toString(TRANSPORT_WIFI)));
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).idletimerRemoveInterface(eq(MOBILE_IFNAME), anyInt(),
+                eq(Integer.toString(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)));
+
+        // Disconnect wifi and switch back to cell
+        reset(mMockNetd);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        assertNoCallbacks(networkCallback);
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).idletimerRemoveInterface(eq(WIFI_IFNAME), anyInt(),
+                eq(Integer.toString(TRANSPORT_WIFI)));
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).idletimerAddInterface(eq(MOBILE_IFNAME), anyInt(),
+                eq(Integer.toString(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)));
+
+        // reconnect wifi
+        reset(mMockNetd);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        wifiLp.setInterfaceName(WIFI_IFNAME);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(wifiLp);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        networkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOSING, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        networkCallback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).idletimerAddInterface(eq(WIFI_IFNAME), anyInt(),
+                eq(Integer.toString(TRANSPORT_WIFI)));
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).idletimerRemoveInterface(eq(MOBILE_IFNAME), anyInt(),
+                eq(Integer.toString(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)));
+
+        // Disconnect cell
+        reset(mMockNetd);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        // LOST callback is triggered earlier than removing idle timer. Broadcast should also be
+        // sent as network being switched. Ensure rule removal for cell will not be triggered
+        // unexpectedly before network being removed.
+        waitForIdle();
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(0)).idletimerRemoveInterface(eq(MOBILE_IFNAME), anyInt(),
+                eq(Integer.toString(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)));
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkDestroy(eq(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId));
+        verify(mMockDnsResolver, times(1))
+                .destroyNetworkCache(eq(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId));
+
+        // Disconnect wifi
+        ExpectedBroadcast b = expectConnectivityAction(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.DISCONNECTED);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        b.expectBroadcast();
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).idletimerRemoveInterface(eq(WIFI_IFNAME), anyInt(),
+                eq(Integer.toString(TRANSPORT_WIFI)));
+
+        // Clean up
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
+    }
+
+    private void verifyTcpBufferSizeChange(String tcpBufferSizes) throws Exception {
+        String[] values = tcpBufferSizes.split(",");
+        String rmemValues = String.join(" ", values[0], values[1], values[2]);
+        String wmemValues = String.join(" ", values[3], values[4], values[5]);
+        verify(mMockNetd, atLeastOnce()).setTcpRWmemorySize(rmemValues, wmemValues);
+        reset(mMockNetd);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTcpBufferReset() throws Exception {
+        final String testTcpBufferSizes = "1,2,3,4,5,6";
+        final NetworkRequest networkRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .build();
+        final TestNetworkCallback networkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(networkRequest, networkCallback);
+
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        reset(mMockNetd);
+        // Switching default network updates TCP buffer sizes.
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        networkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        verifyTcpBufferSizeChange(ConnectivityService.DEFAULT_TCP_BUFFER_SIZES);
+        // Change link Properties should have updated tcp buffer size.
+        LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.setTcpBufferSizes(testTcpBufferSizes);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(lp);
+        networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LINK_PROPERTIES_CHANGED, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        verifyTcpBufferSizeChange(testTcpBufferSizes);
+        // Clean up.
+        mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        networkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetGlobalProxyForNetwork() throws Exception {
+        final ProxyInfo testProxyInfo = ProxyInfo.buildDirectProxy("test", 8888);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        final Network wifiNetwork = mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork();
+        mProxyTracker.setGlobalProxy(testProxyInfo);
+        assertEquals(testProxyInfo, mService.getProxyForNetwork(wifiNetwork));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetProxyForActiveNetwork() throws Exception {
+        final ProxyInfo testProxyInfo = ProxyInfo.buildDirectProxy("test", 8888);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        waitForIdle();
+        assertNull(mService.getProxyForNetwork(null));
+
+        final LinkProperties testLinkProperties = new LinkProperties();
+        testLinkProperties.setHttpProxy(testProxyInfo);
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(testLinkProperties);
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        assertEquals(testProxyInfo, mService.getProxyForNetwork(null));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetProxyForVPN() throws Exception {
+        final ProxyInfo testProxyInfo = ProxyInfo.buildDirectProxy("test", 8888);
+
+        // Set up a WiFi network with no proxy
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        waitForIdle();
+        assertNull(mService.getProxyForNetwork(null));
+
+        // Connect a VPN network with a proxy.
+        LinkProperties testLinkProperties = new LinkProperties();
+        testLinkProperties.setHttpProxy(testProxyInfo);
+        mMockVpn.establishForMyUid(testLinkProperties);
+        assertUidRangesUpdatedForMyUid(true);
+
+        // Test that the VPN network returns a proxy, and the WiFi does not.
+        assertEquals(testProxyInfo, mService.getProxyForNetwork(mMockVpn.getNetwork()));
+        assertEquals(testProxyInfo, mService.getProxyForNetwork(null));
+        assertNull(mService.getProxyForNetwork(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork()));
+
+        // Test that the VPN network returns no proxy when it is set to null.
+        testLinkProperties.setHttpProxy(null);
+        mMockVpn.sendLinkProperties(testLinkProperties);
+        waitForIdle();
+        assertNull(mService.getProxyForNetwork(mMockVpn.getNetwork()));
+        assertNull(mService.getProxyForNetwork(null));
+
+        // Set WiFi proxy and check that the vpn proxy is still null.
+        testLinkProperties.setHttpProxy(testProxyInfo);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(testLinkProperties);
+        waitForIdle();
+        assertNull(mService.getProxyForNetwork(null));
+
+        // Disconnect from VPN and check that the active network, which is now the WiFi, has the
+        // correct proxy setting.
+        mMockVpn.disconnect();
+        waitForIdle();
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertEquals(testProxyInfo, mService.getProxyForNetwork(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork()));
+        assertEquals(testProxyInfo, mService.getProxyForNetwork(null));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFullyRoutedVpnResultsInInterfaceFilteringRules() throws Exception {
+        LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.setInterfaceName("tun0");
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet4Address.ANY, 0), null));
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet6Address.ANY, 0), RTN_UNREACHABLE));
+        // The uid range needs to cover the test app so the network is visible to it.
+        final Set<UidRange> vpnRange = Collections.singleton(PRIMARY_UIDRANGE);
+        mMockVpn.establish(lp, VPN_UID, vpnRange);
+        assertVpnUidRangesUpdated(true, vpnRange, VPN_UID);
+
+        // A connected VPN should have interface rules set up. There are two expected invocations,
+        // one during the VPN initial connection, one during the VPN LinkProperties update.
+        ArgumentCaptor<int[]> uidCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(int[].class);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps, times(2)).addUidInterfaceRules(eq("tun0"), uidCaptor.capture());
+        assertContainsExactly(uidCaptor.getAllValues().get(0), APP1_UID, APP2_UID);
+        assertContainsExactly(uidCaptor.getAllValues().get(1), APP1_UID, APP2_UID);
+        assertTrue(mService.mPermissionMonitor.getVpnUidRanges("tun0").equals(vpnRange));
+
+        mMockVpn.disconnect();
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        // Disconnected VPN should have interface rules removed
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps).removeUidInterfaceRules(uidCaptor.capture());
+        assertContainsExactly(uidCaptor.getValue(), APP1_UID, APP2_UID);
+        assertNull(mService.mPermissionMonitor.getVpnUidRanges("tun0"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLegacyVpnDoesNotResultInInterfaceFilteringRule() throws Exception {
+        LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.setInterfaceName("tun0");
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet6Address.ANY, 0), null));
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet4Address.ANY, 0), null));
+        // The uid range needs to cover the test app so the network is visible to it.
+        final Set<UidRange> vpnRange = Collections.singleton(PRIMARY_UIDRANGE);
+        mMockVpn.establish(lp, Process.SYSTEM_UID, vpnRange);
+        assertVpnUidRangesUpdated(true, vpnRange, Process.SYSTEM_UID);
+
+        // Legacy VPN should not have interface rules set up
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps, never()).addUidInterfaceRules(any(), any());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLocalIpv4OnlyVpnDoesNotResultInInterfaceFilteringRule()
+            throws Exception {
+        LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.setInterfaceName("tun0");
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix("192.0.2.0/24"), null, "tun0"));
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet6Address.ANY, 0), RTN_UNREACHABLE));
+        // The uid range needs to cover the test app so the network is visible to it.
+        final Set<UidRange> vpnRange = Collections.singleton(PRIMARY_UIDRANGE);
+        mMockVpn.establish(lp, Process.SYSTEM_UID, vpnRange);
+        assertVpnUidRangesUpdated(true, vpnRange, Process.SYSTEM_UID);
+
+        // IPv6 unreachable route should not be misinterpreted as a default route
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps, never()).addUidInterfaceRules(any(), any());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testVpnHandoverChangesInterfaceFilteringRule() throws Exception {
+        LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.setInterfaceName("tun0");
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet4Address.ANY, 0), null));
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet6Address.ANY, 0), null));
+        // The uid range needs to cover the test app so the network is visible to it.
+        final Set<UidRange> vpnRange = Collections.singleton(PRIMARY_UIDRANGE);
+        mMockVpn.establish(lp, VPN_UID, vpnRange);
+        assertVpnUidRangesUpdated(true, vpnRange, VPN_UID);
+
+        // Connected VPN should have interface rules set up. There are two expected invocations,
+        // one during VPN uid update, one during VPN LinkProperties update
+        ArgumentCaptor<int[]> uidCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(int[].class);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps, times(2)).addUidInterfaceRules(eq("tun0"), uidCaptor.capture());
+        assertContainsExactly(uidCaptor.getAllValues().get(0), APP1_UID, APP2_UID);
+        assertContainsExactly(uidCaptor.getAllValues().get(1), APP1_UID, APP2_UID);
+
+        reset(mBpfNetMaps);
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mBpfNetMaps);
+        lp.setInterfaceName("tun1");
+        mMockVpn.sendLinkProperties(lp);
+        waitForIdle();
+        // VPN handover (switch to a new interface) should result in rules being updated (old rules
+        // removed first, then new rules added)
+        inOrder.verify(mBpfNetMaps).removeUidInterfaceRules(uidCaptor.capture());
+        assertContainsExactly(uidCaptor.getValue(), APP1_UID, APP2_UID);
+        inOrder.verify(mBpfNetMaps).addUidInterfaceRules(eq("tun1"), uidCaptor.capture());
+        assertContainsExactly(uidCaptor.getValue(), APP1_UID, APP2_UID);
+
+        reset(mBpfNetMaps);
+        lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.setInterfaceName("tun1");
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix("192.0.2.0/24"), null, "tun1"));
+        mMockVpn.sendLinkProperties(lp);
+        waitForIdle();
+        // VPN not routing everything should no longer have interface filtering rules
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps).removeUidInterfaceRules(uidCaptor.capture());
+        assertContainsExactly(uidCaptor.getValue(), APP1_UID, APP2_UID);
+
+        reset(mBpfNetMaps);
+        lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.setInterfaceName("tun1");
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet4Address.ANY, 0), RTN_UNREACHABLE));
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet6Address.ANY, 0), null));
+        mMockVpn.sendLinkProperties(lp);
+        waitForIdle();
+        // Back to routing all IPv6 traffic should have filtering rules
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps).addUidInterfaceRules(eq("tun1"), uidCaptor.capture());
+        assertContainsExactly(uidCaptor.getValue(), APP1_UID, APP2_UID);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartVpnProfileFromDiffPackage() throws Exception {
+        final String notMyVpnPkg = "com.not.my.vpn";
+        assertThrows(
+                SecurityException.class, () -> mVpnManagerService.startVpnProfile(notMyVpnPkg));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStopVpnProfileFromDiffPackage() throws Exception {
+        final String notMyVpnPkg = "com.not.my.vpn";
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () -> mVpnManagerService.stopVpnProfile(notMyVpnPkg));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUidUpdateChangesInterfaceFilteringRule() throws Exception {
+        LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.setInterfaceName("tun0");
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet4Address.ANY, 0), RTN_UNREACHABLE));
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet6Address.ANY, 0), null));
+        // The uid range needs to cover the test app so the network is visible to it.
+        final UidRange vpnRange = PRIMARY_UIDRANGE;
+        final Set<UidRange> vpnRanges = Collections.singleton(vpnRange);
+        mMockVpn.establish(lp, VPN_UID, vpnRanges);
+        assertVpnUidRangesUpdated(true, vpnRanges, VPN_UID);
+
+        reset(mBpfNetMaps);
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mBpfNetMaps);
+
+        // Update to new range which is old range minus APP1, i.e. only APP2
+        final Set<UidRange> newRanges = new HashSet<>(asList(
+                new UidRange(vpnRange.start, APP1_UID - 1),
+                new UidRange(APP1_UID + 1, vpnRange.stop)));
+        mMockVpn.setUids(newRanges);
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        ArgumentCaptor<int[]> uidCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(int[].class);
+        // Verify old rules are removed before new rules are added
+        inOrder.verify(mBpfNetMaps).removeUidInterfaceRules(uidCaptor.capture());
+        assertContainsExactly(uidCaptor.getValue(), APP1_UID, APP2_UID);
+        inOrder.verify(mBpfNetMaps).addUidInterfaceRules(eq("tun0"), uidCaptor.capture());
+        assertContainsExactly(uidCaptor.getValue(), APP2_UID);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLinkPropertiesWithWakeOnLanForActiveNetwork() throws Exception {
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+
+        LinkProperties wifiLp = new LinkProperties();
+        wifiLp.setInterfaceName(WIFI_WOL_IFNAME);
+        wifiLp.setWakeOnLanSupported(false);
+
+        // Default network switch should update ifaces.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(wifiLp);
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        // ConnectivityService should have changed the WakeOnLanSupported to true
+        wifiLp.setWakeOnLanSupported(true);
+        assertEquals(wifiLp, mService.getActiveLinkProperties());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLegacyExtraInfoSentToNetworkMonitor() throws Exception {
+        class TestNetworkAgent extends NetworkAgent {
+            TestNetworkAgent(Context context, Looper looper, NetworkAgentConfig config) {
+                super(context, looper, "MockAgent", new NetworkCapabilities(),
+                        new LinkProperties(), 40 , config, null /* provider */);
+            }
+        }
+        final NetworkAgent naNoExtraInfo = new TestNetworkAgent(
+                mServiceContext, mCsHandlerThread.getLooper(), new NetworkAgentConfig());
+        naNoExtraInfo.register();
+        verify(mNetworkStack).makeNetworkMonitor(any(), isNull(String.class), any());
+        naNoExtraInfo.unregister();
+
+        reset(mNetworkStack);
+        final NetworkAgentConfig config =
+                new NetworkAgentConfig.Builder().setLegacyExtraInfo("legacyinfo").build();
+        final NetworkAgent naExtraInfo = new TestNetworkAgent(
+                mServiceContext, mCsHandlerThread.getLooper(), config);
+        naExtraInfo.register();
+        verify(mNetworkStack).makeNetworkMonitor(any(), eq("legacyinfo"), any());
+        naExtraInfo.unregister();
+    }
+
+    // To avoid granting location permission bypass.
+    private void denyAllLocationPrivilegedPermissions() {
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+                PERMISSION_DENIED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_DENIED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_DENIED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETUP_WIZARD,
+                PERMISSION_DENIED);
+    }
+
+    private void setupLocationPermissions(
+            int targetSdk, boolean locationToggle, String op, String perm) throws Exception {
+        denyAllLocationPrivilegedPermissions();
+
+        final ApplicationInfo applicationInfo = new ApplicationInfo();
+        applicationInfo.targetSdkVersion = targetSdk;
+        doReturn(applicationInfo).when(mPackageManager)
+                .getApplicationInfoAsUser(anyString(), anyInt(), any());
+        doReturn(targetSdk).when(mPackageManager).getTargetSdkVersion(any());
+
+        doReturn(locationToggle).when(mLocationManager).isLocationEnabledForUser(any());
+
+        if (op != null) {
+            doReturn(AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED).when(mAppOpsManager).noteOp(
+                    eq(op), eq(Process.myUid()), eq(mContext.getPackageName()),
+                    eq(getAttributionTag()), anyString());
+        }
+
+        if (perm != null) {
+            mServiceContext.setPermission(perm, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int getOwnerUidNetCapsPermission(int ownerUid, int callerUid,
+            boolean includeLocationSensitiveInfo) {
+        final NetworkCapabilities netCap = new NetworkCapabilities().setOwnerUid(ownerUid);
+
+        return mService.createWithLocationInfoSanitizedIfNecessaryWhenParceled(
+                netCap, includeLocationSensitiveInfo, Process.myUid(), callerUid,
+                mContext.getPackageName(), getAttributionTag())
+                .getOwnerUid();
+    }
+
+    private void verifyTransportInfoCopyNetCapsPermission(
+            int callerUid, boolean includeLocationSensitiveInfo,
+            boolean shouldMakeCopyWithLocationSensitiveFieldsParcelable) {
+        final TransportInfo transportInfo = mock(TransportInfo.class);
+        doReturn(REDACT_FOR_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION).when(transportInfo).getApplicableRedactions();
+        final NetworkCapabilities netCap =
+                new NetworkCapabilities().setTransportInfo(transportInfo);
+
+        mService.createWithLocationInfoSanitizedIfNecessaryWhenParceled(
+                netCap, includeLocationSensitiveInfo, Process.myPid(), callerUid,
+                mContext.getPackageName(), getAttributionTag());
+        if (shouldMakeCopyWithLocationSensitiveFieldsParcelable) {
+            verify(transportInfo).makeCopy(REDACT_NONE);
+        } else {
+            verify(transportInfo).makeCopy(REDACT_FOR_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void verifyOwnerUidAndTransportInfoNetCapsPermission(
+            boolean shouldInclLocationSensitiveOwnerUidWithoutIncludeFlag,
+            boolean shouldInclLocationSensitiveOwnerUidWithIncludeFlag,
+            boolean shouldInclLocationSensitiveTransportInfoWithoutIncludeFlag,
+            boolean shouldInclLocationSensitiveTransportInfoWithIncludeFlag) {
+        final int myUid = Process.myUid();
+
+        final int expectedOwnerUidWithoutIncludeFlag =
+                shouldInclLocationSensitiveOwnerUidWithoutIncludeFlag
+                        ? myUid : INVALID_UID;
+        assertEquals(expectedOwnerUidWithoutIncludeFlag, getOwnerUidNetCapsPermission(
+                myUid, myUid, false /* includeLocationSensitiveInfo */));
+
+        final int expectedOwnerUidWithIncludeFlag =
+                shouldInclLocationSensitiveOwnerUidWithIncludeFlag ? myUid : INVALID_UID;
+        assertEquals(expectedOwnerUidWithIncludeFlag, getOwnerUidNetCapsPermission(
+                myUid, myUid, true /* includeLocationSensitiveInfo */));
+
+        verifyTransportInfoCopyNetCapsPermission(myUid,
+                false, /* includeLocationSensitiveInfo */
+                shouldInclLocationSensitiveTransportInfoWithoutIncludeFlag);
+
+        verifyTransportInfoCopyNetCapsPermission(myUid,
+                true, /* includeLocationSensitiveInfo */
+                shouldInclLocationSensitiveTransportInfoWithIncludeFlag);
+
+    }
+
+    private void verifyOwnerUidAndTransportInfoNetCapsPermissionPreS() {
+        verifyOwnerUidAndTransportInfoNetCapsPermission(
+                // Ensure that owner uid is included even if the request asks to remove it (which is
+                // the default) since the app has necessary permissions and targetSdk < S.
+                true, /* shouldInclLocationSensitiveOwnerUidWithoutIncludeFlag */
+                true, /* shouldInclLocationSensitiveOwnerUidWithIncludeFlag */
+                // Ensure that location info is removed if the request asks to remove it even if the
+                // app has necessary permissions.
+                false, /* shouldInclLocationSensitiveTransportInfoWithoutIncludeFlag */
+                true /* shouldInclLocationSensitiveTransportInfoWithIncludeFlag */
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateWithLocationInfoSanitizedWithFineLocationAfterQPreS()
+            throws Exception {
+        setupLocationPermissions(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q, true, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_FINE_LOCATION,
+                Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
+
+        verifyOwnerUidAndTransportInfoNetCapsPermissionPreS();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateWithLocationInfoSanitizedWithFineLocationPreSWithAndWithoutCallbackFlag()
+            throws Exception {
+        setupLocationPermissions(Build.VERSION_CODES.R, true, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_FINE_LOCATION,
+                Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
+
+        verifyOwnerUidAndTransportInfoNetCapsPermissionPreS();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void
+            testCreateWithLocationInfoSanitizedWithFineLocationAfterSWithAndWithoutCallbackFlag()
+            throws Exception {
+        setupLocationPermissions(Build.VERSION_CODES.S, true, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_FINE_LOCATION,
+                Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
+
+        verifyOwnerUidAndTransportInfoNetCapsPermission(
+                // Ensure that the owner UID is removed if the request asks us to remove it even
+                // if the app has necessary permissions since targetSdk >= S.
+                false, /* shouldInclLocationSensitiveOwnerUidWithoutIncludeFlag */
+                true, /* shouldInclLocationSensitiveOwnerUidWithIncludeFlag */
+                // Ensure that location info is removed if the request asks to remove it even if the
+                // app has necessary permissions.
+                false, /* shouldInclLocationSensitiveTransportInfoWithoutIncludeFlag */
+                true /* shouldInclLocationSensitiveTransportInfoWithIncludeFlag */
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateWithLocationInfoSanitizedWithCoarseLocationPreQ()
+            throws Exception {
+        setupLocationPermissions(Build.VERSION_CODES.P, true, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_COARSE_LOCATION,
+                Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION);
+
+        verifyOwnerUidAndTransportInfoNetCapsPermissionPreS();
+    }
+
+    private void verifyOwnerUidAndTransportInfoNetCapsNotIncluded() {
+        verifyOwnerUidAndTransportInfoNetCapsPermission(
+                false, /* shouldInclLocationSensitiveOwnerUidWithoutIncludeFlag */
+                false, /* shouldInclLocationSensitiveOwnerUidWithIncludeFlag */
+                false, /* shouldInclLocationSensitiveTransportInfoWithoutIncludeFlag */
+                false /* shouldInclLocationSensitiveTransportInfoWithIncludeFlag */
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateWithLocationInfoSanitizedLocationOff() throws Exception {
+        // Test that even with fine location permission, and UIDs matching, the UID is sanitized.
+        setupLocationPermissions(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q, false, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_FINE_LOCATION,
+                Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
+
+        verifyOwnerUidAndTransportInfoNetCapsNotIncluded();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateWithLocationInfoSanitizedWrongUid() throws Exception {
+        // Test that even with fine location permission, not being the owner leads to sanitization.
+        setupLocationPermissions(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q, true, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_FINE_LOCATION,
+                Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
+
+        final int myUid = Process.myUid();
+        assertEquals(Process.INVALID_UID,
+                getOwnerUidNetCapsPermission(myUid + 1, myUid,
+                        true /* includeLocationSensitiveInfo */));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateWithLocationInfoSanitizedWithCoarseLocationAfterQ()
+            throws Exception {
+        // Test that not having fine location permission leads to sanitization.
+        setupLocationPermissions(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q, true, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_COARSE_LOCATION,
+                Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION);
+
+        verifyOwnerUidAndTransportInfoNetCapsNotIncluded();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateWithLocationInfoSanitizedWithCoarseLocationAfterS()
+            throws Exception {
+        // Test that not having fine location permission leads to sanitization.
+        setupLocationPermissions(Build.VERSION_CODES.S, true, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_COARSE_LOCATION,
+                Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION);
+
+        verifyOwnerUidAndTransportInfoNetCapsNotIncluded();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateForCallerWithLocalMacAddressSanitizedWithLocalMacAddressPermission()
+            throws Exception {
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(Manifest.permission.LOCAL_MAC_ADDRESS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+
+        final TransportInfo transportInfo = mock(TransportInfo.class);
+        doReturn(REDACT_FOR_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION | REDACT_FOR_LOCAL_MAC_ADDRESS)
+                .when(transportInfo).getApplicableRedactions();
+        final NetworkCapabilities netCap =
+                new NetworkCapabilities().setTransportInfo(transportInfo);
+
+        mService.createWithLocationInfoSanitizedIfNecessaryWhenParceled(
+                netCap, false /* includeLocationSensitiveInfoInTransportInfo */,
+                Process.myPid(), Process.myUid(),
+                mContext.getPackageName(), getAttributionTag());
+        // don't redact MAC_ADDRESS fields, only location sensitive fields.
+        verify(transportInfo).makeCopy(REDACT_FOR_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateForCallerWithLocalMacAddressSanitizedWithoutLocalMacAddressPermission()
+            throws Exception {
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(Manifest.permission.LOCAL_MAC_ADDRESS, PERMISSION_DENIED);
+
+        final TransportInfo transportInfo = mock(TransportInfo.class);
+        doReturn(REDACT_FOR_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION | REDACT_FOR_LOCAL_MAC_ADDRESS)
+                .when(transportInfo).getApplicableRedactions();
+        final NetworkCapabilities netCap =
+                new NetworkCapabilities().setTransportInfo(transportInfo);
+
+        mService.createWithLocationInfoSanitizedIfNecessaryWhenParceled(
+                netCap, false /* includeLocationSensitiveInfoInTransportInfo */,
+                Process.myPid(), Process.myUid(),
+                mContext.getPackageName(), getAttributionTag());
+        // redact both MAC_ADDRESS & location sensitive fields.
+        verify(transportInfo).makeCopy(REDACT_FOR_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
+                | REDACT_FOR_LOCAL_MAC_ADDRESS);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateForCallerWithLocalMacAddressSanitizedWithSettingsPermission()
+            throws Exception {
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+
+        final TransportInfo transportInfo = mock(TransportInfo.class);
+        doReturn(REDACT_FOR_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION | REDACT_FOR_NETWORK_SETTINGS)
+                .when(transportInfo).getApplicableRedactions();
+        final NetworkCapabilities netCap =
+                new NetworkCapabilities().setTransportInfo(transportInfo);
+
+        mService.createWithLocationInfoSanitizedIfNecessaryWhenParceled(
+                netCap, false /* includeLocationSensitiveInfoInTransportInfo */,
+                Process.myPid(), Process.myUid(),
+                mContext.getPackageName(), getAttributionTag());
+        // don't redact NETWORK_SETTINGS fields, only location sensitive fields.
+        verify(transportInfo).makeCopy(REDACT_FOR_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateForCallerWithLocalMacAddressSanitizedWithoutSettingsPermission()
+            throws Exception {
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(Manifest.permission.LOCAL_MAC_ADDRESS, PERMISSION_DENIED);
+
+        final TransportInfo transportInfo = mock(TransportInfo.class);
+        doReturn(REDACT_FOR_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION | REDACT_FOR_NETWORK_SETTINGS)
+                .when(transportInfo).getApplicableRedactions();
+        final NetworkCapabilities netCap =
+                new NetworkCapabilities().setTransportInfo(transportInfo);
+
+        mService.createWithLocationInfoSanitizedIfNecessaryWhenParceled(
+                netCap, false /* includeLocationSensitiveInfoInTransportInfo */,
+                Process.myPid(), Process.myUid(),
+                mContext.getPackageName(), getAttributionTag());
+        // redact both NETWORK_SETTINGS & location sensitive fields.
+        verify(transportInfo).makeCopy(
+                REDACT_FOR_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION | REDACT_FOR_NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test TransportInfo to verify redaction mechanism.
+     */
+    private static class TestTransportInfo implements TransportInfo {
+        public final boolean locationRedacted;
+        public final boolean localMacAddressRedacted;
+        public final boolean settingsRedacted;
+
+        TestTransportInfo() {
+            locationRedacted = false;
+            localMacAddressRedacted = false;
+            settingsRedacted = false;
+        }
+
+        TestTransportInfo(boolean locationRedacted, boolean localMacAddressRedacted,
+                boolean settingsRedacted) {
+            this.locationRedacted = locationRedacted;
+            this.localMacAddressRedacted =
+                    localMacAddressRedacted;
+            this.settingsRedacted = settingsRedacted;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public TransportInfo makeCopy(@NetworkCapabilities.RedactionType long redactions) {
+            return new TestTransportInfo(
+                    locationRedacted | (redactions & REDACT_FOR_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != 0,
+                    localMacAddressRedacted | (redactions & REDACT_FOR_LOCAL_MAC_ADDRESS) != 0,
+                    settingsRedacted | (redactions & REDACT_FOR_NETWORK_SETTINGS) != 0
+            );
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public @NetworkCapabilities.RedactionType long getApplicableRedactions() {
+            return REDACT_FOR_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION | REDACT_FOR_LOCAL_MAC_ADDRESS
+                    | REDACT_FOR_NETWORK_SETTINGS;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean equals(Object other) {
+            if (!(other instanceof TestTransportInfo)) return false;
+            TestTransportInfo that = (TestTransportInfo) other;
+            return that.locationRedacted == this.locationRedacted
+                    && that.localMacAddressRedacted == this.localMacAddressRedacted
+                    && that.settingsRedacted == this.settingsRedacted;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int hashCode() {
+            return Objects.hash(locationRedacted, localMacAddressRedacted, settingsRedacted);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return String.format(
+                    "TestTransportInfo{locationRedacted=%s macRedacted=%s settingsRedacted=%s}",
+                    locationRedacted, localMacAddressRedacted, settingsRedacted);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private TestTransportInfo getTestTransportInfo(NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        return (TestTransportInfo) nc.getTransportInfo();
+    }
+
+    private TestTransportInfo getTestTransportInfo(TestNetworkAgentWrapper n) {
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(n.getNetwork());
+        assertNotNull(nc);
+        return getTestTransportInfo(nc);
+    }
+
+
+    private void verifyNetworkCallbackLocationDataInclusionUsingTransportInfoAndOwnerUidInNetCaps(
+            @NonNull TestNetworkCallback wifiNetworkCallback, int actualOwnerUid,
+            @NonNull TransportInfo actualTransportInfo, int expectedOwnerUid,
+            @NonNull TransportInfo expectedTransportInfo) throws Exception {
+        doReturn(Build.VERSION_CODES.S).when(mPackageManager).getTargetSdkVersion(anyString());
+        final NetworkCapabilities ncTemplate =
+                new NetworkCapabilities()
+                        .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                        .setOwnerUid(actualOwnerUid);
+
+        final NetworkRequest wifiRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI).build();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(wifiRequest, wifiNetworkCallback);
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI, new LinkProperties(),
+                ncTemplate);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+
+        wifiNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Send network capabilities update with TransportInfo to trigger capabilities changed
+        // callback.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkCapabilities(
+                ncTemplate.setTransportInfo(actualTransportInfo), true);
+
+        wifiNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesThat(mWiFiNetworkAgent,
+                nc -> Objects.equals(expectedOwnerUid, nc.getOwnerUid())
+                        && Objects.equals(expectedTransportInfo, nc.getTransportInfo()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testVerifyLocationDataIsNotIncludedWhenInclFlagNotSet() throws Exception {
+        final TestNetworkCallback wifiNetworkCallack = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final int ownerUid = Process.myUid();
+        final TransportInfo transportInfo = new TestTransportInfo();
+        // Even though the test uid holds privileged permissions, mask location fields since
+        // the callback did not explicitly opt-in to get location data.
+        final TransportInfo sanitizedTransportInfo = new TestTransportInfo(
+                true, /* locationRedacted */
+                true, /* localMacAddressRedacted */
+                true /* settingsRedacted */
+        );
+        // Should not expect location data since the callback does not set the flag for including
+        // location data.
+        verifyNetworkCallbackLocationDataInclusionUsingTransportInfoAndOwnerUidInNetCaps(
+                wifiNetworkCallack, ownerUid, transportInfo, INVALID_UID, sanitizedTransportInfo);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTransportInfoRedactionInSynchronousCalls() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkCapabilities ncTemplate = new NetworkCapabilities()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                .setTransportInfo(new TestTransportInfo());
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI, new LinkProperties(),
+                ncTemplate);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true /* validated; waits for callback */);
+
+        // NETWORK_SETTINGS redaction is controlled by the NETWORK_SETTINGS permission
+        assertTrue(getTestTransportInfo(mWiFiNetworkAgent).settingsRedacted);
+        withPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () -> {
+            assertFalse(getTestTransportInfo(mWiFiNetworkAgent).settingsRedacted);
+        });
+        assertTrue(getTestTransportInfo(mWiFiNetworkAgent).settingsRedacted);
+
+        // LOCAL_MAC_ADDRESS redaction is controlled by the LOCAL_MAC_ADDRESS permission
+        assertTrue(getTestTransportInfo(mWiFiNetworkAgent).localMacAddressRedacted);
+        withPermission(LOCAL_MAC_ADDRESS, () -> {
+            assertFalse(getTestTransportInfo(mWiFiNetworkAgent).localMacAddressRedacted);
+        });
+        assertTrue(getTestTransportInfo(mWiFiNetworkAgent).localMacAddressRedacted);
+
+        // Synchronous getNetworkCapabilities calls never return unredacted location-sensitive
+        // information.
+        assertTrue(getTestTransportInfo(mWiFiNetworkAgent).locationRedacted);
+        setupLocationPermissions(Build.VERSION_CODES.S, true, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_FINE_LOCATION,
+                Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
+        assertTrue(getTestTransportInfo(mWiFiNetworkAgent).locationRedacted);
+        denyAllLocationPrivilegedPermissions();
+        assertTrue(getTestTransportInfo(mWiFiNetworkAgent).locationRedacted);
+    }
+
+    private void setupConnectionOwnerUid(int vpnOwnerUid, @VpnManager.VpnType int vpnType)
+            throws Exception {
+        final Set<UidRange> vpnRange = Collections.singleton(PRIMARY_UIDRANGE);
+        mMockVpn.setVpnType(vpnType);
+        mMockVpn.establish(new LinkProperties(), vpnOwnerUid, vpnRange);
+        assertVpnUidRangesUpdated(true, vpnRange, vpnOwnerUid);
+
+        final UnderlyingNetworkInfo underlyingNetworkInfo =
+                new UnderlyingNetworkInfo(vpnOwnerUid, VPN_IFNAME, new ArrayList<>());
+        mMockVpn.setUnderlyingNetworkInfo(underlyingNetworkInfo);
+        mDeps.setConnectionOwnerUid(42);
+    }
+
+    private void setupConnectionOwnerUidAsVpnApp(int vpnOwnerUid, @VpnManager.VpnType int vpnType)
+            throws Exception {
+        setupConnectionOwnerUid(vpnOwnerUid, vpnType);
+
+        // Test as VPN app
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_DENIED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(
+                NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_DENIED);
+    }
+
+    private ConnectionInfo getTestConnectionInfo() throws Exception {
+        return new ConnectionInfo(
+                IPPROTO_TCP,
+                new InetSocketAddress(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("1.2.3.4"), 1234),
+                new InetSocketAddress(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2.3.4.5"), 2345));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetConnectionOwnerUidPlatformVpn() throws Exception {
+        final int myUid = Process.myUid();
+        setupConnectionOwnerUidAsVpnApp(myUid, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_PLATFORM);
+
+        assertEquals(INVALID_UID, mService.getConnectionOwnerUid(getTestConnectionInfo()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetConnectionOwnerUidVpnServiceWrongUser() throws Exception {
+        final int myUid = Process.myUid();
+        setupConnectionOwnerUidAsVpnApp(myUid + 1, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE);
+
+        assertEquals(INVALID_UID, mService.getConnectionOwnerUid(getTestConnectionInfo()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetConnectionOwnerUidVpnServiceDoesNotThrow() throws Exception {
+        final int myUid = Process.myUid();
+        setupConnectionOwnerUidAsVpnApp(myUid, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE);
+
+        assertEquals(42, mService.getConnectionOwnerUid(getTestConnectionInfo()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetConnectionOwnerUidVpnServiceNetworkStackDoesNotThrow() throws Exception {
+        final int myUid = Process.myUid();
+        setupConnectionOwnerUid(myUid, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+
+        assertEquals(42, mService.getConnectionOwnerUid(getTestConnectionInfo()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetConnectionOwnerUidVpnServiceMainlineNetworkStackDoesNotThrow()
+            throws Exception {
+        final int myUid = Process.myUid();
+        setupConnectionOwnerUid(myUid, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(
+                NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+
+        assertEquals(42, mService.getConnectionOwnerUid(getTestConnectionInfo()));
+    }
+
+    private static PackageInfo buildPackageInfo(boolean hasSystemPermission, int uid) {
+        final PackageInfo packageInfo = new PackageInfo();
+        if (hasSystemPermission) {
+            packageInfo.requestedPermissions = new String[] {
+                    CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE, CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS };
+            packageInfo.requestedPermissionsFlags = new int[] {
+                    REQUESTED_PERMISSION_GRANTED, REQUESTED_PERMISSION_GRANTED };
+        } else {
+            packageInfo.requestedPermissions = new String[0];
+        }
+        packageInfo.applicationInfo = new ApplicationInfo();
+        packageInfo.applicationInfo.privateFlags = 0;
+        packageInfo.applicationInfo.uid = UserHandle.getUid(UserHandle.USER_SYSTEM,
+                UserHandle.getAppId(uid));
+        return packageInfo;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRegisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbackInvalidRequest() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkRequest request =
+                new NetworkRequest(
+                        new NetworkCapabilities(), TYPE_ETHERNET, 0, NetworkRequest.Type.NONE);
+        try {
+            mService.registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(
+                    mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback, request, mContext.getPackageName());
+            fail("registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback should throw on invalid NetworkRequest");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void assertRouteInfoParcelMatches(RouteInfo route, RouteInfoParcel parcel) {
+        assertEquals(route.getDestination().toString(), parcel.destination);
+        assertEquals(route.getInterface(), parcel.ifName);
+        assertEquals(route.getMtu(), parcel.mtu);
+
+        switch (route.getType()) {
+            case RouteInfo.RTN_UNICAST:
+                if (route.hasGateway()) {
+                    assertEquals(route.getGateway().getHostAddress(), parcel.nextHop);
+                } else {
+                    assertEquals(INetd.NEXTHOP_NONE, parcel.nextHop);
+                }
+                break;
+            case RouteInfo.RTN_UNREACHABLE:
+                assertEquals(INetd.NEXTHOP_UNREACHABLE, parcel.nextHop);
+                break;
+            case RouteInfo.RTN_THROW:
+                assertEquals(INetd.NEXTHOP_THROW, parcel.nextHop);
+                break;
+            default:
+                assertEquals(INetd.NEXTHOP_NONE, parcel.nextHop);
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void assertRoutesAdded(int netId, RouteInfo... routes) throws Exception {
+        // TODO: add @JavaDerive(equals=true) to RouteInfoParcel, use eq() directly, and delete
+        // assertRouteInfoParcelMatches above.
+        ArgumentCaptor<RouteInfoParcel> captor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(RouteInfoParcel.class);
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(routes.length)).networkAddRouteParcel(eq(netId), captor.capture());
+        for (int i = 0; i < routes.length; i++) {
+            assertRouteInfoParcelMatches(routes[i], captor.getAllValues().get(i));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void assertRoutesRemoved(int netId, RouteInfo... routes) throws Exception {
+        ArgumentCaptor<RouteInfoParcel> captor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(RouteInfoParcel.class);
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(routes.length)).networkRemoveRouteParcel(eq(netId),
+                captor.capture());
+        for (int i = 0; i < routes.length; i++) {
+            assertRouteInfoParcelMatches(routes[i], captor.getAllValues().get(i));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRegisterUnregisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkRequest wifiRequest =
+                new NetworkRequest.Builder().addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI).build();
+        doReturn(mIBinder).when(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback).asBinder();
+
+        mService.registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(
+                mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback, wifiRequest, mContext.getPackageName());
+
+        // Block until all other events are done processing.
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mCsHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
+
+        verify(mIBinder).linkToDeath(any(ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbackInfo.class), anyInt());
+        verify(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback).asBinder();
+        assertTrue(mService.mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbacks.containsKey(mIBinder));
+
+        mService.unregisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback);
+        verify(mIBinder, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS))
+                .unlinkToDeath(any(ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbackInfo.class), anyInt());
+        assertFalse(mService.mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbacks.containsKey(mIBinder));
+        verify(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback, atLeastOnce()).asBinder();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRegisterDuplicateConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkRequest wifiRequest =
+                new NetworkRequest.Builder().addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI).build();
+        doReturn(mIBinder).when(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback).asBinder();
+
+        mService.registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(
+                mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback, wifiRequest, mContext.getPackageName());
+
+        // Block until all other events are done processing.
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mCsHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
+
+        verify(mIBinder).linkToDeath(any(ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbackInfo.class), anyInt());
+        verify(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback).asBinder();
+        assertTrue(mService.mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbacks.containsKey(mIBinder));
+
+        // Register the same callback again
+        mService.registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(
+                mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback, wifiRequest, mContext.getPackageName());
+
+        // Block until all other events are done processing.
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mCsHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
+
+        assertTrue(mService.mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbacks.containsKey(mIBinder));
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
+    public void testRegisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbackNullCallback() {
+        mService.registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(
+                null /* callback */,
+                new NetworkRequest.Builder().build(),
+                mContext.getPackageName());
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
+    public void testRegisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbackNullNetworkRequest() {
+        mService.registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(
+                mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback,
+                null /* request */,
+                mContext.getPackageName());
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
+    public void testRegisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbackNullPackageName() {
+        mService.registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(
+                mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback,
+                new NetworkRequest.Builder().build(),
+                null /* callingPackageName */);
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
+    public void testUnregisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbackNullPackageName() {
+        mService.unregisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(null /* callback */);
+    }
+
+    public NetworkAgentInfo fakeMobileNai(NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        final NetworkCapabilities cellNc = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder(nc)
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR).build();
+        final NetworkInfo info = new NetworkInfo(TYPE_MOBILE, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE,
+                ConnectivityManager.getNetworkTypeName(TYPE_MOBILE),
+                TelephonyManager.getNetworkTypeName(TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE));
+        return fakeNai(cellNc, info);
+    }
+
+    private NetworkAgentInfo fakeWifiNai(NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        final NetworkCapabilities wifiNc = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder(nc)
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI).build();
+        final NetworkInfo info = new NetworkInfo(TYPE_WIFI, 0 /* subtype */,
+                ConnectivityManager.getNetworkTypeName(TYPE_WIFI), "" /* subtypeName */);
+        return fakeNai(wifiNc, info);
+    }
+
+    private NetworkAgentInfo fakeVpnNai(NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        final NetworkCapabilities vpnNc = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder(nc)
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_VPN).build();
+        final NetworkInfo info = new NetworkInfo(TYPE_VPN, 0 /* subtype */,
+                ConnectivityManager.getNetworkTypeName(TYPE_VPN), "" /* subtypeName */);
+        return fakeNai(vpnNc, info);
+    }
+
+    private NetworkAgentInfo fakeNai(NetworkCapabilities nc, NetworkInfo networkInfo) {
+        return new NetworkAgentInfo(null, new Network(NET_ID), networkInfo, new LinkProperties(),
+                nc, new NetworkScore.Builder().setLegacyInt(0).build(),
+                mServiceContext, null, new NetworkAgentConfig(), mService, null, null, 0,
+                INVALID_UID, TEST_LINGER_DELAY_MS, mQosCallbackTracker,
+                new ConnectivityService.Dependencies());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCheckConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissionsNetworkStack() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkAgentInfo naiWithoutUid = fakeMobileNai(new NetworkCapabilities());
+
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        assertTrue(
+                "NetworkStack permission not applied",
+                mService.checkConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissions(
+                        Process.myPid(), Process.myUid(), naiWithoutUid,
+                        mContext.getOpPackageName()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCheckConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissionsWrongUidPackageName() throws Exception {
+        final int wrongUid = Process.myUid() + 1;
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        nc.setAdministratorUids(new int[] {wrongUid});
+        final NetworkAgentInfo naiWithUid = fakeWifiNai(nc);
+
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_DENIED);
+
+        assertFalse(
+                "Mismatched uid/package name should not pass the location permission check",
+                mService.checkConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissions(
+                        Process.myPid() + 1, wrongUid, naiWithUid, mContext.getOpPackageName()));
+    }
+
+    private void verifyConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissionsWithNetworkAgentInfo(
+            NetworkAgentInfo info, boolean expectPermission) {
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_DENIED);
+
+        assertEquals(
+                "Unexpected ConnDiags permission",
+                expectPermission,
+                mService.checkConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissions(
+                        Process.myPid(), Process.myUid(), info, mContext.getOpPackageName()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCheckConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissionsCellularNoLocationPermission()
+            throws Exception {
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        nc.setAdministratorUids(new int[] {Process.myUid()});
+        final NetworkAgentInfo naiWithUid = fakeMobileNai(nc);
+
+        verifyConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissionsWithNetworkAgentInfo(naiWithUid,
+                true /* expectPermission */);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCheckConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissionsWifiNoLocationPermission()
+            throws Exception {
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        nc.setAdministratorUids(new int[] {Process.myUid()});
+        final NetworkAgentInfo naiWithUid = fakeWifiNai(nc);
+
+        verifyConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissionsWithNetworkAgentInfo(naiWithUid,
+                false /* expectPermission */);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCheckConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissionsActiveVpn() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkAgentInfo naiWithoutUid = fakeMobileNai(new NetworkCapabilities());
+
+        mMockVpn.establishForMyUid();
+        assertUidRangesUpdatedForMyUid(true);
+
+        // Wait for networks to connect and broadcasts to be sent before removing permissions.
+        waitForIdle();
+        setupLocationPermissions(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q, true, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_FINE_LOCATION,
+                Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
+
+        assertTrue(mMockVpn.setUnderlyingNetworks(new Network[] {naiWithoutUid.network}));
+        waitForIdle();
+        assertTrue(
+                "Active VPN permission not applied",
+                mService.checkConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissions(
+                        Process.myPid(), Process.myUid(), naiWithoutUid,
+                        mContext.getOpPackageName()));
+
+        assertTrue(mMockVpn.setUnderlyingNetworks(null));
+        waitForIdle();
+        assertFalse(
+                "VPN shouldn't receive callback on non-underlying network",
+                mService.checkConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissions(
+                        Process.myPid(), Process.myUid(), naiWithoutUid,
+                        mContext.getOpPackageName()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCheckConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissionsNetworkAdministrator() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        nc.setAdministratorUids(new int[] {Process.myUid()});
+        final NetworkAgentInfo naiWithUid = fakeMobileNai(nc);
+
+        setupLocationPermissions(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q, true, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_FINE_LOCATION,
+                Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_DENIED);
+
+        assertTrue(
+                "NetworkCapabilities administrator uid permission not applied",
+                mService.checkConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissions(
+                        Process.myPid(), Process.myUid(), naiWithUid, mContext.getOpPackageName()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCheckConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissionsFails() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        nc.setOwnerUid(Process.myUid());
+        nc.setAdministratorUids(new int[] {Process.myUid()});
+        final NetworkAgentInfo naiWithUid = fakeMobileNai(nc);
+
+        setupLocationPermissions(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q, true, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_FINE_LOCATION,
+                Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_DENIED);
+
+        // Use wrong pid and uid
+        assertFalse(
+                "Permissions allowed when they shouldn't be granted",
+                mService.checkConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissions(
+                        Process.myPid() + 1, Process.myUid() + 1, naiWithUid,
+                        mContext.getOpPackageName()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUnderlyingNetworksWillBeSetInNetworkAgentInfoConstructor() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastT());
+        final Network network1 = new Network(100);
+        final Network network2 = new Network(101);
+        final List<Network> underlyingNetworks = new ArrayList<>();
+        final NetworkCapabilities ncWithEmptyUnderlyingNetworks = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .setUnderlyingNetworks(underlyingNetworks)
+                .build();
+        final NetworkAgentInfo vpnNaiWithEmptyUnderlyingNetworks =
+                fakeVpnNai(ncWithEmptyUnderlyingNetworks);
+        assertEquals(underlyingNetworks,
+                Arrays.asList(vpnNaiWithEmptyUnderlyingNetworks.declaredUnderlyingNetworks));
+
+        underlyingNetworks.add(network1);
+        underlyingNetworks.add(network2);
+        final NetworkCapabilities ncWithUnderlyingNetworks = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .setUnderlyingNetworks(underlyingNetworks)
+                .build();
+        final NetworkAgentInfo vpnNaiWithUnderlyingNetwokrs = fakeVpnNai(ncWithUnderlyingNetworks);
+        assertEquals(underlyingNetworks,
+                Arrays.asList(vpnNaiWithUnderlyingNetwokrs.declaredUnderlyingNetworks));
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities ncWithoutUnderlyingNetworks = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .build();
+        final NetworkAgentInfo vpnNaiWithoutUnderlyingNetwokrs =
+                fakeVpnNai(ncWithoutUnderlyingNetworks);
+        assertNull(vpnNaiWithoutUnderlyingNetwokrs.declaredUnderlyingNetworks);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRegisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbackCallsOnConnectivityReport()
+            throws Exception {
+        // Set up the Network, which leads to a ConnectivityReport being cached for the network.
+        final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(callback);
+        final LinkProperties linkProperties = new LinkProperties();
+        linkProperties.setInterfaceName(INTERFACE_NAME);
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, linkProperties);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        callback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        callback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder().build();
+        doReturn(mIBinder).when(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback).asBinder();
+
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+
+        mService.registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(
+                mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback, request, mContext.getPackageName());
+
+        verify(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS))
+                .onConnectivityReportAvailable(argThat(report -> {
+                    return INTERFACE_NAME.equals(report.getLinkProperties().getInterfaceName())
+                            && report.getNetworkCapabilities().hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+                }));
+    }
+
+    private void setUpConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder().build();
+        doReturn(mIBinder).when(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback).asBinder();
+
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+
+        mService.registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(
+                mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback, request, mContext.getPackageName());
+
+        // Block until all other events are done processing.
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mCsHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
+
+        // Connect the cell agent verify that it notifies TestNetworkCallback that it is available
+        final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(callback);
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities ncTemplate = new NetworkCapabilities()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                .setTransportInfo(new TestTransportInfo());
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, new LinkProperties(),
+                ncTemplate);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        callback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        callback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // Make sure a report is sent and that the caps are suitably redacted.
+        verify(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS))
+                .onConnectivityReportAvailable(argThat(report ->
+                        areConnDiagCapsRedacted(report.getNetworkCapabilities())));
+        reset(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback);
+    }
+
+    private boolean areConnDiagCapsRedacted(NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        TestTransportInfo ti = getTestTransportInfo(nc);
+        return nc.getUids() == null
+                && nc.getAdministratorUids().length == 0
+                && nc.getOwnerUid() == Process.INVALID_UID
+                && ti.locationRedacted
+                && ti.localMacAddressRedacted
+                && ti.settingsRedacted;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbackOnDataStallSuspected() throws Exception {
+        setUpConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback();
+
+        // Trigger notifyDataStallSuspected() on the INetworkMonitorCallbacks instance in the
+        // cellular network agent
+        mCellNetworkAgent.notifyDataStallSuspected();
+
+        // Verify onDataStallSuspected fired
+        verify(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS)).onDataStallSuspected(
+                argThat(report -> areConnDiagCapsRedacted(report.getNetworkCapabilities())));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbackOnConnectivityReported() throws Exception {
+        setUpConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback();
+
+        final Network n = mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork();
+        final boolean hasConnectivity = true;
+        mService.reportNetworkConnectivity(n, hasConnectivity);
+
+        // Verify onNetworkConnectivityReported fired
+        verify(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS))
+                .onNetworkConnectivityReported(eq(n), eq(hasConnectivity));
+        verify(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS))
+                .onConnectivityReportAvailable(
+                        argThat(report ->
+                                areConnDiagCapsRedacted(report.getNetworkCapabilities())));
+
+        final boolean noConnectivity = false;
+        mService.reportNetworkConnectivity(n, noConnectivity);
+
+        // Wait for onNetworkConnectivityReported to fire
+        verify(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS))
+                .onNetworkConnectivityReported(eq(n), eq(noConnectivity));
+
+        // Also expect a ConnectivityReport after NetworkMonitor asynchronously re-validates
+        verify(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS).times(2))
+                .onConnectivityReportAvailable(
+                        argThat(report ->
+                                areConnDiagCapsRedacted(report.getNetworkCapabilities())));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbackOnConnectivityReportedSeparateUid()
+            throws Exception {
+        setUpConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback();
+
+        // report known Connectivity from a different uid. Verify that network is not re-validated
+        // and this callback is not notified.
+        final Network n = mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork();
+        final boolean hasConnectivity = true;
+        doAsUid(Process.myUid() + 1, () -> mService.reportNetworkConnectivity(n, hasConnectivity));
+
+        // Block until all other events are done processing.
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mCsHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
+
+        // Verify onNetworkConnectivityReported did not fire
+        verify(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback, never())
+                .onNetworkConnectivityReported(any(), anyBoolean());
+        verify(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback, never())
+                .onConnectivityReportAvailable(any());
+
+        // report different Connectivity from a different uid. Verify that network is re-validated
+        // and that this callback is notified.
+        final boolean noConnectivity = false;
+        doAsUid(Process.myUid() + 1, () -> mService.reportNetworkConnectivity(n, noConnectivity));
+
+        // Wait for onNetworkConnectivityReported to fire
+        verify(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS))
+                .onNetworkConnectivityReported(eq(n), eq(noConnectivity));
+
+        // Also expect a ConnectivityReport after NetworkMonitor asynchronously re-validates
+        verify(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS))
+                .onConnectivityReportAvailable(
+                        argThat(report ->
+                                areConnDiagCapsRedacted(report.getNetworkCapabilities())));
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
+    public void testSimulateDataStallNullNetwork() {
+        mService.simulateDataStall(
+                DataStallReport.DETECTION_METHOD_DNS_EVENTS,
+                0L /* timestampMillis */,
+                null /* network */,
+                new PersistableBundle());
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
+    public void testSimulateDataStallNullPersistableBundle() {
+        mService.simulateDataStall(
+                DataStallReport.DETECTION_METHOD_DNS_EVENTS,
+                0L /* timestampMillis */,
+                mock(Network.class),
+                null /* extras */);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRouteAddDeleteUpdate() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder().build();
+        final TestNetworkCallback networkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(request, networkCallback);
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        reset(mMockNetd);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        networkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        final int netId = mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId;
+
+        final String iface = "rmnet_data0";
+        final InetAddress gateway = InetAddress.getByName("fe80::5678");
+        RouteInfo direct = RouteInfo.makeHostRoute(gateway, iface);
+        RouteInfo rio1 = new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix("2001:db8:1::/48"), gateway, iface);
+        RouteInfo rio2 = new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix("2001:db8:2::/48"), gateway, iface);
+        RouteInfo defaultRoute = new RouteInfo((IpPrefix) null, gateway, iface);
+        RouteInfo defaultWithMtu = new RouteInfo(null, gateway, iface, RouteInfo.RTN_UNICAST,
+                                                 1280 /* mtu */);
+
+        // Send LinkProperties and check that we ask netd to add routes.
+        LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.setInterfaceName(iface);
+        lp.addRoute(direct);
+        lp.addRoute(rio1);
+        lp.addRoute(defaultRoute);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(lp);
+        networkCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mCellNetworkAgent, x -> x.getRoutes().size() == 3);
+
+        assertRoutesAdded(netId, direct, rio1, defaultRoute);
+        reset(mMockNetd);
+
+        // Send updated LinkProperties and check that we ask netd to add, remove, update routes.
+        assertTrue(lp.getRoutes().contains(defaultRoute));
+        lp.removeRoute(rio1);
+        lp.addRoute(rio2);
+        lp.addRoute(defaultWithMtu);
+        // Ensure adding the same route with a different MTU replaces the previous route.
+        assertFalse(lp.getRoutes().contains(defaultRoute));
+        assertTrue(lp.getRoutes().contains(defaultWithMtu));
+
+        mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(lp);
+        networkCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mCellNetworkAgent,
+                x -> x.getRoutes().contains(rio2));
+
+        assertRoutesRemoved(netId, rio1);
+        assertRoutesAdded(netId, rio2);
+
+        ArgumentCaptor<RouteInfoParcel> captor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(RouteInfoParcel.class);
+        verify(mMockNetd).networkUpdateRouteParcel(eq(netId), captor.capture());
+        assertRouteInfoParcelMatches(defaultWithMtu, captor.getValue());
+
+
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDumpDoesNotCrash() {
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(DUMP, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        // Filing a couple requests prior to testing the dump.
+        final TestNetworkCallback genericNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final TestNetworkCallback wifiNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest genericRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .clearCapabilities().build();
+        final NetworkRequest wifiRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI).build();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(genericRequest, genericNetworkCallback);
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(wifiRequest, wifiNetworkCallback);
+        final StringWriter stringWriter = new StringWriter();
+
+        mService.dump(new FileDescriptor(), new PrintWriter(stringWriter), new String[0]);
+
+        assertFalse(stringWriter.toString().isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRequestsSortedByIdSortsCorrectly() {
+        final TestNetworkCallback genericNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final TestNetworkCallback wifiNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final TestNetworkCallback cellNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest genericRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .clearCapabilities().build();
+        final NetworkRequest wifiRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI).build();
+        final NetworkRequest cellRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR).build();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(genericRequest, genericNetworkCallback);
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(wifiRequest, wifiNetworkCallback);
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(cellRequest, cellNetworkCallback);
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        final NetworkRequestInfo[] nriOutput = mService.requestsSortedById();
+
+        assertTrue(nriOutput.length > 1);
+        for (int i = 0; i < nriOutput.length - 1; i++) {
+            final boolean isRequestIdInOrder =
+                    nriOutput[i].mRequests.get(0).requestId
+                            < nriOutput[i + 1].mRequests.get(0).requestId;
+            assertTrue(isRequestIdInOrder);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void assertUidRangesUpdatedForMyUid(boolean add) throws Exception {
+        final int uid = Process.myUid();
+        assertVpnUidRangesUpdated(add, uidRangesForUids(uid), uid);
+    }
+
+    private void assertVpnUidRangesUpdated(boolean add, Set<UidRange> vpnRanges, int exemptUid)
+            throws Exception {
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mMockNetd);
+        ArgumentCaptor<int[]> exemptUidCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(int[].class);
+
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).socketDestroy(eq(toUidRangeStableParcels(vpnRanges)),
+                exemptUidCaptor.capture());
+        assertContainsExactly(exemptUidCaptor.getValue(), Process.VPN_UID, exemptUid);
+
+        if (add) {
+            inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddUidRangesParcel(
+                    new NativeUidRangeConfig(mMockVpn.getNetwork().getNetId(),
+                            toUidRangeStableParcels(vpnRanges), PREFERENCE_ORDER_VPN));
+        } else {
+            inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(
+                    new NativeUidRangeConfig(mMockVpn.getNetwork().getNetId(),
+                            toUidRangeStableParcels(vpnRanges), PREFERENCE_ORDER_VPN));
+        }
+
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).socketDestroy(eq(toUidRangeStableParcels(vpnRanges)),
+                exemptUidCaptor.capture());
+        assertContainsExactly(exemptUidCaptor.getValue(), Process.VPN_UID, exemptUid);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testVpnUidRangesUpdate() throws Exception {
+        // Set up a WiFi network without proxy.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        assertNull(mService.getProxyForNetwork(null));
+        assertNull(mCm.getDefaultProxy());
+
+        final ExpectedBroadcast b1 = registerPacProxyBroadcast();
+        final LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.setInterfaceName("tun0");
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet4Address.ANY, 0), null));
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet6Address.ANY, 0), null));
+        final UidRange vpnRange = PRIMARY_UIDRANGE;
+        final Set<UidRange> vpnRanges = Collections.singleton(vpnRange);
+        mMockVpn.establish(lp, VPN_UID, vpnRanges);
+        assertVpnUidRangesUpdated(true, vpnRanges, VPN_UID);
+        // VPN is connected but proxy is not set, so there is no need to send proxy broadcast.
+        b1.expectNoBroadcast(500);
+
+        // Update to new range which is old range minus APP1, i.e. only APP2
+        final ExpectedBroadcast b2 = registerPacProxyBroadcast();
+        final Set<UidRange> newRanges = new HashSet<>(asList(
+                new UidRange(vpnRange.start, APP1_UID - 1),
+                new UidRange(APP1_UID + 1, vpnRange.stop)));
+        mMockVpn.setUids(newRanges);
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        assertVpnUidRangesUpdated(true, newRanges, VPN_UID);
+        assertVpnUidRangesUpdated(false, vpnRanges, VPN_UID);
+
+        // Uid has changed but proxy is not set, so there is no need to send proxy broadcast.
+        b2.expectNoBroadcast(500);
+
+        final ProxyInfo testProxyInfo = ProxyInfo.buildDirectProxy("test", 8888);
+        final ExpectedBroadcast b3 = registerPacProxyBroadcast();
+        lp.setHttpProxy(testProxyInfo);
+        mMockVpn.sendLinkProperties(lp);
+        waitForIdle();
+        // Proxy is set, so send a proxy broadcast.
+        b3.expectBroadcast();
+
+        final ExpectedBroadcast b4 = registerPacProxyBroadcast();
+        mMockVpn.setUids(vpnRanges);
+        waitForIdle();
+        // Uid has changed and proxy is already set, so send a proxy broadcast.
+        b4.expectBroadcast();
+
+        final ExpectedBroadcast b5 = registerPacProxyBroadcast();
+        // Proxy is removed, send a proxy broadcast.
+        lp.setHttpProxy(null);
+        mMockVpn.sendLinkProperties(lp);
+        waitForIdle();
+        b5.expectBroadcast();
+
+        // Proxy is added in WiFi(default network), setDefaultProxy will be called.
+        final LinkProperties wifiLp = mCm.getLinkProperties(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+        assertNotNull(wifiLp);
+        final ExpectedBroadcast b6 = expectProxyChangeAction(testProxyInfo);
+        wifiLp.setHttpProxy(testProxyInfo);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(wifiLp);
+        waitForIdle();
+        b6.expectBroadcast();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testProxyBroadcastWillBeSentWhenVpnHasProxyAndConnects() throws Exception {
+        // Set up a WiFi network without proxy.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        assertNull(mService.getProxyForNetwork(null));
+        assertNull(mCm.getDefaultProxy());
+
+        final LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.setInterfaceName("tun0");
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet4Address.ANY, 0), null));
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet6Address.ANY, 0), null));
+        final ProxyInfo testProxyInfo = ProxyInfo.buildDirectProxy("test", 8888);
+        lp.setHttpProxy(testProxyInfo);
+        final UidRange vpnRange = PRIMARY_UIDRANGE;
+        final Set<UidRange> vpnRanges = Collections.singleton(vpnRange);
+        final ExpectedBroadcast b1 = registerPacProxyBroadcast();
+        mMockVpn.setOwnerAndAdminUid(VPN_UID);
+        mMockVpn.registerAgent(false, vpnRanges, lp);
+        // In any case, the proxy broadcast won't be sent before VPN goes into CONNECTED state.
+        // Otherwise, the app that calls ConnectivityManager#getDefaultProxy() when it receives the
+        // proxy broadcast will get null.
+        b1.expectNoBroadcast(500);
+
+        final ExpectedBroadcast b2 = registerPacProxyBroadcast();
+        mMockVpn.connect(true /* validated */, true /* hasInternet */, false /* isStrictMode */);
+        waitForIdle();
+        assertVpnUidRangesUpdated(true, vpnRanges, VPN_UID);
+        // Vpn is connected with proxy, so the proxy broadcast will be sent to inform the apps to
+        // update their proxy data.
+        b2.expectBroadcast();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testProxyBroadcastWillBeSentWhenTheProxyOfNonDefaultNetworkHasChanged()
+            throws Exception {
+        // Set up a CELLULAR network without proxy.
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        assertNull(mService.getProxyForNetwork(null));
+        assertNull(mCm.getDefaultProxy());
+        // CELLULAR network should be the default network.
+        assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        // Set up a WiFi network without proxy.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        assertNull(mService.getProxyForNetwork(null));
+        assertNull(mCm.getDefaultProxy());
+        // WiFi network should be the default network.
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        // CELLULAR network is not the default network.
+        assertNotEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+
+        // CELLULAR network is not the system default network, but it might be a per-app default
+        // network. The proxy broadcast should be sent once its proxy has changed.
+        final LinkProperties cellularLp = new LinkProperties();
+        cellularLp.setInterfaceName(MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        final ProxyInfo testProxyInfo = ProxyInfo.buildDirectProxy("test", 8888);
+        final ExpectedBroadcast b = registerPacProxyBroadcast();
+        cellularLp.setHttpProxy(testProxyInfo);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(cellularLp);
+        b.expectBroadcast();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInvalidRequestTypes() {
+        final int[] invalidReqTypeInts = new int[]{-1, NetworkRequest.Type.NONE.ordinal(),
+                NetworkRequest.Type.LISTEN.ordinal(), NetworkRequest.Type.values().length};
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities().addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+
+        for (int reqTypeInt : invalidReqTypeInts) {
+            assertThrows("Expect throws for invalid request type " + reqTypeInt,
+                    IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                    () -> mService.requestNetwork(Process.INVALID_UID, nc, reqTypeInt, null, 0,
+                            null, ConnectivityManager.TYPE_NONE, NetworkCallback.FLAG_NONE,
+                            mContext.getPackageName(), getAttributionTag())
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testKeepConnected() throws Exception {
+        setAlwaysOnNetworks(false);
+        registerDefaultNetworkCallbacks();
+        final TestNetworkCallback allNetworksCb = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest allNetworksRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder().clearCapabilities()
+                .build();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(allNetworksRequest, allNetworksCb);
+
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true /* validated */);
+
+        mDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        allNetworksCb.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true /* validated */);
+
+        mDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableDoubleValidatedCallbacks(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        // While the default callback doesn't see the network before it's validated, the listen
+        // sees the network come up and validate later
+        allNetworksCb.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        allNetworksCb.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOSING, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        allNetworksCb.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        allNetworksCb.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent,
+                TEST_LINGER_DELAY_MS * 2);
+
+        // The cell network has disconnected (see LOST above) because it was outscored and
+        // had no requests (see setAlwaysOnNetworks(false) above)
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        final NetworkScore score = new NetworkScore.Builder().setLegacyInt(30).build();
+        mCellNetworkAgent.setScore(score);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(false /* validated */);
+
+        // The cell network gets torn down right away.
+        allNetworksCb.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        allNetworksCb.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent,
+                TEST_NASCENT_DELAY_MS * 2);
+        allNetworksCb.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // Now create a cell network with KEEP_CONNECTED_FOR_HANDOVER and make sure it's
+        // not disconnected immediately when outscored.
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        final NetworkScore scoreKeepup = new NetworkScore.Builder().setLegacyInt(30)
+                .setKeepConnectedReason(KEEP_CONNECTED_FOR_HANDOVER).build();
+        mCellNetworkAgent.setScore(scoreKeepup);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true /* validated */);
+
+        allNetworksCb.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        mDefaultNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+
+        allNetworksCb.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        mDefaultNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        mDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Reconnect a WiFi network and make sure the cell network is still not torn down.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true /* validated */);
+
+        allNetworksCb.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        mDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableDoubleValidatedCallbacks(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Now remove the reason to keep connected and make sure the network lingers and is
+        // torn down.
+        mCellNetworkAgent.setScore(new NetworkScore.Builder().setLegacyInt(30).build());
+        allNetworksCb.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOSING, mCellNetworkAgent,
+                TEST_NASCENT_DELAY_MS * 2);
+        allNetworksCb.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent,
+                TEST_LINGER_DELAY_MS * 2);
+        mDefaultNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(allNetworksCb);
+        // mDefaultNetworkCallback will be unregistered by tearDown()
+    }
+
+    private class QosCallbackMockHelper {
+        @NonNull public final QosFilter mFilter;
+        @NonNull public final IQosCallback mCallback;
+        @NonNull public final TestNetworkAgentWrapper mAgentWrapper;
+        @NonNull private final List<IQosCallback> mCallbacks = new ArrayList();
+
+        QosCallbackMockHelper() throws Exception {
+            Log.d(TAG, "QosCallbackMockHelper: ");
+            mFilter = mock(QosFilter.class);
+
+            // Ensure the network is disconnected before anything else occurs
+            assertNull(mCellNetworkAgent);
+
+            mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+            mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+
+            verifyActiveNetwork(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+            waitForIdle();
+            final Network network = mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork();
+
+            final Pair<IQosCallback, IBinder> pair = createQosCallback();
+            mCallback = pair.first;
+
+            doReturn(network).when(mFilter).getNetwork();
+            doReturn(QosCallbackException.EX_TYPE_FILTER_NONE).when(mFilter).validate();
+            mAgentWrapper = mCellNetworkAgent;
+        }
+
+        void registerQosCallback(@NonNull final QosFilter filter,
+                @NonNull final IQosCallback callback) {
+            mCallbacks.add(callback);
+            final NetworkAgentInfo nai =
+                    mService.getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(filter.getNetwork());
+            mService.registerQosCallbackInternal(filter, callback, nai);
+        }
+
+        void tearDown() {
+            for (int i = 0; i < mCallbacks.size(); i++) {
+                mService.unregisterQosCallback(mCallbacks.get(i));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Pair<IQosCallback, IBinder> createQosCallback() {
+        final IQosCallback callback = mock(IQosCallback.class);
+        final IBinder binder = mock(Binder.class);
+        doReturn(binder).when(callback).asBinder();
+        doReturn(true).when(binder).isBinderAlive();
+        return new Pair<>(callback, binder);
+    }
+
+
+    @Test
+    public void testQosCallbackRegistration() throws Exception {
+        mQosCallbackMockHelper = new QosCallbackMockHelper();
+        final NetworkAgentWrapper wrapper = mQosCallbackMockHelper.mAgentWrapper;
+
+        doReturn(QosCallbackException.EX_TYPE_FILTER_NONE)
+                .when(mQosCallbackMockHelper.mFilter).validate();
+        mQosCallbackMockHelper.registerQosCallback(
+                mQosCallbackMockHelper.mFilter, mQosCallbackMockHelper.mCallback);
+
+        final NetworkAgentWrapper.CallbackType.OnQosCallbackRegister cbRegister1 =
+                (NetworkAgentWrapper.CallbackType.OnQosCallbackRegister)
+                        wrapper.getCallbackHistory().poll(1000, x -> true);
+        assertNotNull(cbRegister1);
+
+        final int registerCallbackId = cbRegister1.mQosCallbackId;
+        mService.unregisterQosCallback(mQosCallbackMockHelper.mCallback);
+        final NetworkAgentWrapper.CallbackType.OnQosCallbackUnregister cbUnregister;
+        cbUnregister = (NetworkAgentWrapper.CallbackType.OnQosCallbackUnregister)
+                wrapper.getCallbackHistory().poll(1000, x -> true);
+        assertNotNull(cbUnregister);
+        assertEquals(registerCallbackId, cbUnregister.mQosCallbackId);
+        assertNull(wrapper.getCallbackHistory().poll(200, x -> true));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testQosCallbackNoRegistrationOnValidationError() throws Exception {
+        mQosCallbackMockHelper = new QosCallbackMockHelper();
+
+        doReturn(QosCallbackException.EX_TYPE_FILTER_NETWORK_RELEASED)
+                .when(mQosCallbackMockHelper.mFilter).validate();
+        mQosCallbackMockHelper.registerQosCallback(
+                mQosCallbackMockHelper.mFilter, mQosCallbackMockHelper.mCallback);
+        waitForIdle();
+        verify(mQosCallbackMockHelper.mCallback)
+                .onError(eq(QosCallbackException.EX_TYPE_FILTER_NETWORK_RELEASED));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testQosCallbackAvailableAndLost() throws Exception {
+        mQosCallbackMockHelper = new QosCallbackMockHelper();
+        final int sessionId = 10;
+        final int qosCallbackId = 1;
+
+        doReturn(QosCallbackException.EX_TYPE_FILTER_NONE)
+                .when(mQosCallbackMockHelper.mFilter).validate();
+        mQosCallbackMockHelper.registerQosCallback(
+                mQosCallbackMockHelper.mFilter, mQosCallbackMockHelper.mCallback);
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        final EpsBearerQosSessionAttributes attributes = new EpsBearerQosSessionAttributes(
+                1, 2, 3, 4, 5, new ArrayList<>());
+        mQosCallbackMockHelper.mAgentWrapper.getNetworkAgent()
+                .sendQosSessionAvailable(qosCallbackId, sessionId, attributes);
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        verify(mQosCallbackMockHelper.mCallback).onQosEpsBearerSessionAvailable(argThat(session ->
+                session.getSessionId() == sessionId
+                        && session.getSessionType() == QosSession.TYPE_EPS_BEARER), eq(attributes));
+
+        mQosCallbackMockHelper.mAgentWrapper.getNetworkAgent()
+                .sendQosSessionLost(qosCallbackId, sessionId, QosSession.TYPE_EPS_BEARER);
+        waitForIdle();
+        verify(mQosCallbackMockHelper.mCallback).onQosSessionLost(argThat(session ->
+                session.getSessionId() == sessionId
+                        && session.getSessionType() == QosSession.TYPE_EPS_BEARER));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNrQosCallbackAvailableAndLost() throws Exception {
+        mQosCallbackMockHelper = new QosCallbackMockHelper();
+        final int sessionId = 10;
+        final int qosCallbackId = 1;
+
+        doReturn(QosCallbackException.EX_TYPE_FILTER_NONE)
+                .when(mQosCallbackMockHelper.mFilter).validate();
+        mQosCallbackMockHelper.registerQosCallback(
+                mQosCallbackMockHelper.mFilter, mQosCallbackMockHelper.mCallback);
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        final NrQosSessionAttributes attributes = new NrQosSessionAttributes(
+                1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, new ArrayList<>());
+        mQosCallbackMockHelper.mAgentWrapper.getNetworkAgent()
+                .sendQosSessionAvailable(qosCallbackId, sessionId, attributes);
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        verify(mQosCallbackMockHelper.mCallback).onNrQosSessionAvailable(argThat(session ->
+                session.getSessionId() == sessionId
+                        && session.getSessionType() == QosSession.TYPE_NR_BEARER), eq(attributes));
+
+        mQosCallbackMockHelper.mAgentWrapper.getNetworkAgent()
+                .sendQosSessionLost(qosCallbackId, sessionId, QosSession.TYPE_NR_BEARER);
+        waitForIdle();
+        verify(mQosCallbackMockHelper.mCallback).onQosSessionLost(argThat(session ->
+                session.getSessionId() == sessionId
+                        && session.getSessionType() == QosSession.TYPE_NR_BEARER));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testQosCallbackTooManyRequests() throws Exception {
+        mQosCallbackMockHelper = new QosCallbackMockHelper();
+
+        doReturn(QosCallbackException.EX_TYPE_FILTER_NONE)
+                .when(mQosCallbackMockHelper.mFilter).validate();
+        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+            final Pair<IQosCallback, IBinder> pair = createQosCallback();
+
+            try {
+                mQosCallbackMockHelper.registerQosCallback(
+                        mQosCallbackMockHelper.mFilter, pair.first);
+            } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
+                assertEquals(e.errorCode, ConnectivityManager.Errors.TOO_MANY_REQUESTS);
+                if (i < 50) {
+                    fail("TOO_MANY_REQUESTS thrown too early, the count is " + i);
+                }
+
+                // As long as there is at least 50 requests, it is safe to assume it works.
+                // Note: The count isn't being tested precisely against 100 because the counter
+                // is shared with request network.
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+        fail("TOO_MANY_REQUESTS never thrown");
+    }
+
+    private void mockGetApplicationInfo(@NonNull final String packageName, final int uid) {
+        mockGetApplicationInfo(packageName, uid, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE);
+    }
+
+    private void mockGetApplicationInfo(@NonNull final String packageName, final int uid,
+            @NonNull final UserHandle user) {
+        final ApplicationInfo applicationInfo = new ApplicationInfo();
+        applicationInfo.uid = uid;
+        try {
+            doReturn(applicationInfo).when(mPackageManager).getApplicationInfoAsUser(
+                    eq(packageName), anyInt(), eq(user));
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            fail(e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void mockGetApplicationInfoThrowsNameNotFound(@NonNull final String packageName,
+            @NonNull final UserHandle user)
+            throws Exception {
+        doThrow(new PackageManager.NameNotFoundException(packageName)).when(
+                mPackageManager).getApplicationInfoAsUser(eq(packageName), anyInt(), eq(user));
+    }
+
+    private void mockHasSystemFeature(@NonNull final String featureName, final boolean hasFeature) {
+        doReturn(hasFeature).when(mPackageManager).hasSystemFeature(eq(featureName));
+    }
+
+    private Range<Integer> getNriFirstUidRange(@NonNull final NetworkRequestInfo nri) {
+        return nri.mRequests.get(0).networkCapabilities.getUids().iterator().next();
+    }
+
+    private OemNetworkPreferences createDefaultOemNetworkPreferences(
+            @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int preference) {
+        // Arrange PackageManager mocks
+        mockGetApplicationInfo(TEST_PACKAGE_NAME, TEST_PACKAGE_UID);
+
+        // Build OemNetworkPreferences object
+        return new OemNetworkPreferences.Builder()
+                .addNetworkPreference(TEST_PACKAGE_NAME, preference)
+                .build();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOemNetworkRequestFactoryPreferenceUninitializedThrowsError() {
+        @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int prefToTest =
+                OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_UNINITIALIZED;
+
+        // Act on OemNetworkRequestFactory.createNrisFromOemNetworkPreferences()
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> mService.new OemNetworkRequestFactory()
+                        .createNrisFromOemNetworkPreferences(
+                                createDefaultOemNetworkPreferences(prefToTest)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOemNetworkRequestFactoryPreferenceOemPaid()
+            throws Exception {
+        // Expectations
+        final int expectedNumOfNris = 1;
+        final int expectedNumOfRequests = 3;
+
+        @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int prefToTest =
+                OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID;
+
+        // Act on OemNetworkRequestFactory.createNrisFromOemNetworkPreferences()
+        final ArraySet<NetworkRequestInfo> nris =
+                mService.new OemNetworkRequestFactory()
+                        .createNrisFromOemNetworkPreferences(
+                                createDefaultOemNetworkPreferences(prefToTest));
+        final NetworkRequestInfo nri = nris.iterator().next();
+        assertEquals(PREFERENCE_ORDER_OEM, nri.mPreferenceOrder);
+        final List<NetworkRequest> mRequests = nri.mRequests;
+        assertEquals(expectedNumOfNris, nris.size());
+        assertEquals(expectedNumOfRequests, mRequests.size());
+        assertTrue(mRequests.get(0).isListen());
+        assertTrue(mRequests.get(0).hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED));
+        assertTrue(mRequests.get(0).hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED));
+        assertTrue(mRequests.get(1).isRequest());
+        assertTrue(mRequests.get(1).hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID));
+        assertEquals(NetworkRequest.Type.TRACK_DEFAULT, mRequests.get(2).type);
+        assertTrue(mService.getDefaultRequest().networkCapabilities.equalsNetCapabilities(
+                mRequests.get(2).networkCapabilities));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOemNetworkRequestFactoryPreferenceOemPaidNoFallback()
+            throws Exception {
+        // Expectations
+        final int expectedNumOfNris = 1;
+        final int expectedNumOfRequests = 2;
+
+        @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int prefToTest =
+                OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID_NO_FALLBACK;
+
+        // Act on OemNetworkRequestFactory.createNrisFromOemNetworkPreferences()
+        final ArraySet<NetworkRequestInfo> nris =
+                mService.new OemNetworkRequestFactory()
+                        .createNrisFromOemNetworkPreferences(
+                                createDefaultOemNetworkPreferences(prefToTest));
+        final NetworkRequestInfo nri = nris.iterator().next();
+        assertEquals(PREFERENCE_ORDER_OEM, nri.mPreferenceOrder);
+        final List<NetworkRequest> mRequests = nri.mRequests;
+        assertEquals(expectedNumOfNris, nris.size());
+        assertEquals(expectedNumOfRequests, mRequests.size());
+        assertTrue(mRequests.get(0).isListen());
+        assertTrue(mRequests.get(0).hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED));
+        assertTrue(mRequests.get(0).hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED));
+        assertTrue(mRequests.get(1).isRequest());
+        assertTrue(mRequests.get(1).hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOemNetworkRequestFactoryPreferenceOemPaidOnly()
+            throws Exception {
+        // Expectations
+        final int expectedNumOfNris = 1;
+        final int expectedNumOfRequests = 1;
+
+        @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int prefToTest =
+                OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID_ONLY;
+
+        // Act on OemNetworkRequestFactory.createNrisFromOemNetworkPreferences()
+        final ArraySet<NetworkRequestInfo> nris =
+                mService.new OemNetworkRequestFactory()
+                        .createNrisFromOemNetworkPreferences(
+                                createDefaultOemNetworkPreferences(prefToTest));
+        final NetworkRequestInfo nri = nris.iterator().next();
+        assertEquals(PREFERENCE_ORDER_OEM, nri.mPreferenceOrder);
+        final List<NetworkRequest> mRequests = nri.mRequests;
+        assertEquals(expectedNumOfNris, nris.size());
+        assertEquals(expectedNumOfRequests, mRequests.size());
+        assertTrue(mRequests.get(0).isRequest());
+        assertTrue(mRequests.get(0).hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOemNetworkRequestFactoryPreferenceOemPrivateOnly()
+            throws Exception {
+        // Expectations
+        final int expectedNumOfNris = 1;
+        final int expectedNumOfRequests = 1;
+
+        @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int prefToTest =
+                OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PRIVATE_ONLY;
+
+        // Act on OemNetworkRequestFactory.createNrisFromOemNetworkPreferences()
+        final ArraySet<NetworkRequestInfo> nris =
+                mService.new OemNetworkRequestFactory()
+                        .createNrisFromOemNetworkPreferences(
+                                createDefaultOemNetworkPreferences(prefToTest));
+        final NetworkRequestInfo nri = nris.iterator().next();
+        assertEquals(PREFERENCE_ORDER_OEM, nri.mPreferenceOrder);
+        final List<NetworkRequest> mRequests = nri.mRequests;
+        assertEquals(expectedNumOfNris, nris.size());
+        assertEquals(expectedNumOfRequests, mRequests.size());
+        assertTrue(mRequests.get(0).isRequest());
+        assertTrue(mRequests.get(0).hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE));
+        assertFalse(mRequests.get(0).hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOemNetworkRequestFactoryCreatesCorrectNumOfNris()
+            throws Exception {
+        // Expectations
+        final int expectedNumOfNris = 2;
+
+        // Arrange PackageManager mocks
+        final String testPackageName2 = "com.google.apps.dialer";
+        mockGetApplicationInfo(TEST_PACKAGE_NAME, TEST_PACKAGE_UID);
+        mockGetApplicationInfo(testPackageName2, TEST_PACKAGE_UID);
+
+        // Build OemNetworkPreferences object
+        final int testOemPref = OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID;
+        final int testOemPref2 = OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID_NO_FALLBACK;
+        final OemNetworkPreferences pref = new OemNetworkPreferences.Builder()
+                .addNetworkPreference(TEST_PACKAGE_NAME, testOemPref)
+                .addNetworkPreference(testPackageName2, testOemPref2)
+                .build();
+
+        // Act on OemNetworkRequestFactory.createNrisFromOemNetworkPreferences()
+        final ArraySet<NetworkRequestInfo> nris =
+                mService.new OemNetworkRequestFactory().createNrisFromOemNetworkPreferences(pref);
+
+        assertNotNull(nris);
+        assertEquals(expectedNumOfNris, nris.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOemNetworkRequestFactoryMultiplePrefsCorrectlySetsUids()
+            throws Exception {
+        // Arrange PackageManager mocks
+        final String testPackageName2 = "com.google.apps.dialer";
+        final int testPackageNameUid2 = 456;
+        mockGetApplicationInfo(TEST_PACKAGE_NAME, TEST_PACKAGE_UID);
+        mockGetApplicationInfo(testPackageName2, testPackageNameUid2);
+
+        // Build OemNetworkPreferences object
+        final int testOemPref = OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID;
+        final int testOemPref2 = OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID_NO_FALLBACK;
+        final OemNetworkPreferences pref = new OemNetworkPreferences.Builder()
+                .addNetworkPreference(TEST_PACKAGE_NAME, testOemPref)
+                .addNetworkPreference(testPackageName2, testOemPref2)
+                .build();
+
+        // Act on OemNetworkRequestFactory.createNrisFromOemNetworkPreferences()
+        final List<NetworkRequestInfo> nris =
+                new ArrayList<>(
+                        mService.new OemNetworkRequestFactory().createNrisFromOemNetworkPreferences(
+                                pref));
+
+        // Sort by uid to access nris by index
+        nris.sort(Comparator.comparingInt(nri -> getNriFirstUidRange(nri).getLower()));
+        assertEquals(TEST_PACKAGE_UID, (int) getNriFirstUidRange(nris.get(0)).getLower());
+        assertEquals(TEST_PACKAGE_UID, (int) getNriFirstUidRange(nris.get(0)).getUpper());
+        assertEquals(testPackageNameUid2, (int) getNriFirstUidRange(nris.get(1)).getLower());
+        assertEquals(testPackageNameUid2, (int) getNriFirstUidRange(nris.get(1)).getUpper());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOemNetworkRequestFactoryMultipleUsersSetsUids()
+            throws Exception {
+        // Arrange users
+        final int secondUserTestPackageUid = UserHandle.getUid(SECONDARY_USER, TEST_PACKAGE_UID);
+        final int thirdUserTestPackageUid = UserHandle.getUid(TERTIARY_USER, TEST_PACKAGE_UID);
+        doReturn(asList(PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE, SECONDARY_USER_HANDLE, TERTIARY_USER_HANDLE))
+                .when(mUserManager).getUserHandles(anyBoolean());
+
+        // Arrange PackageManager mocks testing for users who have and don't have a package.
+        mockGetApplicationInfoThrowsNameNotFound(TEST_PACKAGE_NAME, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE);
+        mockGetApplicationInfo(TEST_PACKAGE_NAME, secondUserTestPackageUid, SECONDARY_USER_HANDLE);
+        mockGetApplicationInfo(TEST_PACKAGE_NAME, thirdUserTestPackageUid, TERTIARY_USER_HANDLE);
+
+        // Build OemNetworkPreferences object
+        final int testOemPref = OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID;
+        final OemNetworkPreferences pref = new OemNetworkPreferences.Builder()
+                .addNetworkPreference(TEST_PACKAGE_NAME, testOemPref)
+                .build();
+
+        // Act on OemNetworkRequestFactory.createNrisFromOemNetworkPreferences()
+        final List<NetworkRequestInfo> nris =
+                new ArrayList<>(
+                        mService.new OemNetworkRequestFactory().createNrisFromOemNetworkPreferences(
+                                pref));
+
+        // UIDs for users with installed packages should be present.
+        // Three users exist, but only two have the test package installed.
+        final int expectedUidSize = 2;
+        final List<Range<Integer>> uids =
+                new ArrayList<>(nris.get(0).mRequests.get(0).networkCapabilities.getUids());
+        assertEquals(expectedUidSize, uids.size());
+
+        // Sort by uid to access nris by index
+        uids.sort(Comparator.comparingInt(uid -> uid.getLower()));
+        assertEquals(secondUserTestPackageUid, (int) uids.get(0).getLower());
+        assertEquals(secondUserTestPackageUid, (int) uids.get(0).getUpper());
+        assertEquals(thirdUserTestPackageUid, (int) uids.get(1).getLower());
+        assertEquals(thirdUserTestPackageUid, (int) uids.get(1).getUpper());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOemNetworkRequestFactoryAddsPackagesToCorrectPreference()
+            throws Exception {
+        // Expectations
+        final int expectedNumOfNris = 1;
+        final int expectedNumOfAppUids = 2;
+
+        // Arrange PackageManager mocks
+        final String testPackageName2 = "com.google.apps.dialer";
+        final int testPackageNameUid2 = 456;
+        mockGetApplicationInfo(TEST_PACKAGE_NAME, TEST_PACKAGE_UID);
+        mockGetApplicationInfo(testPackageName2, testPackageNameUid2);
+
+        // Build OemNetworkPreferences object
+        final int testOemPref = OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID;
+        final OemNetworkPreferences pref = new OemNetworkPreferences.Builder()
+                .addNetworkPreference(TEST_PACKAGE_NAME, testOemPref)
+                .addNetworkPreference(testPackageName2, testOemPref)
+                .build();
+
+        // Act on OemNetworkRequestFactory.createNrisFromOemNetworkPreferences()
+        final ArraySet<NetworkRequestInfo> nris =
+                mService.new OemNetworkRequestFactory().createNrisFromOemNetworkPreferences(pref);
+
+        assertEquals(expectedNumOfNris, nris.size());
+        assertEquals(expectedNumOfAppUids,
+                nris.iterator().next().mRequests.get(0).networkCapabilities.getUids().size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetOemNetworkPreferenceNullListenerAndPrefParamThrowsNpe() {
+        mockHasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_AUTOMOTIVE, true);
+
+        // Act on ConnectivityService.setOemNetworkPreference()
+        assertThrows(NullPointerException.class,
+                () -> mService.setOemNetworkPreference(
+                        null,
+                        null));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetOemNetworkPreferenceFailsForNonAutomotive()
+            throws Exception {
+        mockHasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_AUTOMOTIVE, false);
+        @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int networkPref =
+                OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PRIVATE_ONLY;
+
+        // Act on ConnectivityService.setOemNetworkPreference()
+        assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
+                () -> mService.setOemNetworkPreference(
+                        createDefaultOemNetworkPreferences(networkPref),
+                        null));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetOemNetworkPreferenceFailsForTestRequestWithoutPermission() {
+        // Calling setOemNetworkPreference() with a test pref requires the permission
+        // MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS.
+        mockHasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_AUTOMOTIVE, false);
+        @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int networkPref =
+                OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_TEST;
+
+        // Act on ConnectivityService.setOemNetworkPreference()
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class,
+                () -> mService.setOemNetworkPreference(
+                        createDefaultOemNetworkPreferences(networkPref),
+                        null));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetOemNetworkPreferenceFailsForInvalidTestRequest() {
+        assertSetOemNetworkPreferenceFailsForInvalidTestRequest(OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_TEST);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetOemNetworkPreferenceFailsForInvalidTestOnlyRequest() {
+        assertSetOemNetworkPreferenceFailsForInvalidTestRequest(OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_TEST_ONLY);
+    }
+
+    private void assertSetOemNetworkPreferenceFailsForInvalidTestRequest(
+            @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int oemNetworkPreferenceForTest) {
+        mockHasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_AUTOMOTIVE, true);
+        final String secondPackage = "does.not.matter";
+
+        // A valid test request would only have a single mapping.
+        final OemNetworkPreferences pref = new OemNetworkPreferences.Builder()
+                .addNetworkPreference(TEST_PACKAGE_NAME, oemNetworkPreferenceForTest)
+                .addNetworkPreference(secondPackage, oemNetworkPreferenceForTest)
+                .build();
+
+        // Act on ConnectivityService.setOemNetworkPreference()
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> mService.setOemNetworkPreference(pref, null));
+    }
+
+    private void setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(final int transportType,
+            final boolean connectAgent) throws Exception {
+        switch(transportType) {
+            // Corresponds to a metered cellular network. Will be used for the default network.
+            case TRANSPORT_CELLULAR:
+                if (!connectAgent) {
+                    mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+                    break;
+                }
+                mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+                mCellNetworkAgent.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+                mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+                break;
+            // Corresponds to a restricted ethernet network with OEM_PAID/OEM_PRIVATE.
+            case TRANSPORT_ETHERNET:
+                if (!connectAgent) {
+                    stopOemManagedNetwork();
+                    break;
+                }
+                startOemManagedNetwork(true);
+                break;
+            // Corresponds to unmetered Wi-Fi.
+            case TRANSPORT_WIFI:
+                if (!connectAgent) {
+                    mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+                    break;
+                }
+                mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+                mWiFiNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+                mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new AssertionError("Unsupported transport type passed in.");
+
+        }
+        waitForIdle();
+    }
+
+    private void startOemManagedNetwork(final boolean isOemPaid) throws Exception {
+        mEthernetNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET);
+        mEthernetNetworkAgent.addCapability(
+                isOemPaid ? NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID : NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE);
+        mEthernetNetworkAgent.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED);
+        mEthernetNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+    }
+
+    private void stopOemManagedNetwork() {
+        mEthernetNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        waitForIdle();
+    }
+
+    private void verifyMultipleDefaultNetworksTracksCorrectly(
+            final int expectedOemRequestsSize,
+            @NonNull final Network expectedDefaultNetwork,
+            @NonNull final Network expectedPerAppNetwork) {
+        // The current test setup assumes two tracked default network requests; one for the default
+        // network and the other for the OEM network preference being tested. This will be validated
+        // each time to confirm it doesn't change under test.
+        final int expectedDefaultNetworkRequestsSize = 2;
+        assertEquals(expectedDefaultNetworkRequestsSize, mService.mDefaultNetworkRequests.size());
+        for (final NetworkRequestInfo defaultRequest : mService.mDefaultNetworkRequests) {
+            final Network defaultNetwork = defaultRequest.getSatisfier() == null
+                    ? null : defaultRequest.getSatisfier().network();
+            // If this is the default request.
+            if (defaultRequest == mService.mDefaultRequest) {
+                assertEquals(
+                        expectedDefaultNetwork,
+                        defaultNetwork);
+                // Make sure this value doesn't change.
+                assertEquals(1, defaultRequest.mRequests.size());
+                continue;
+            }
+            assertEquals(expectedPerAppNetwork, defaultNetwork);
+            assertEquals(expectedOemRequestsSize, defaultRequest.mRequests.size());
+        }
+        verifyMultipleDefaultCallbacks(expectedDefaultNetwork, expectedPerAppNetwork);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verify default callbacks for 'available' fire as expected. This will only run if
+     * registerDefaultNetworkCallbacks() was executed prior and will only be different if the
+     * setOemNetworkPreference() per-app API was used for the current process.
+     * @param expectedSystemDefault the expected network for the system default.
+     * @param expectedPerAppDefault the expected network for the current process's default.
+     */
+    private void verifyMultipleDefaultCallbacks(
+            @NonNull final Network expectedSystemDefault,
+            @NonNull final Network expectedPerAppDefault) {
+        if (null != mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback && null != expectedSystemDefault
+                && mService.mNoServiceNetwork.network() != expectedSystemDefault) {
+            // getLastAvailableNetwork() is used as this method can be called successively with
+            // the same network to validate therefore expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks
+            // can't be used.
+            assertEquals(mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(),
+                    expectedSystemDefault);
+        }
+        if (null != mDefaultNetworkCallback && null != expectedPerAppDefault
+                && mService.mNoServiceNetwork.network() != expectedPerAppDefault) {
+            assertEquals(mDefaultNetworkCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(),
+                    expectedPerAppDefault);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void registerDefaultNetworkCallbacks() {
+        if (mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback != null || mDefaultNetworkCallback != null
+                || mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback != null
+                || mProfileDefaultNetworkCallbackAsAppUid2 != null
+                || mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback2 != null
+                || mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback != null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Default network callbacks already registered");
+        }
+
+        // Using Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS for registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback()
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mDefaultNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mProfileDefaultNetworkCallbackAsAppUid2 = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback2 = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback,
+                new Handler(ConnectivityThread.getInstanceLooper()));
+        mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(mDefaultNetworkCallback);
+        registerDefaultNetworkCallbackAsUid(mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback,
+                TEST_WORK_PROFILE_APP_UID);
+        registerDefaultNetworkCallbackAsUid(mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback, TEST_PACKAGE_UID);
+        registerDefaultNetworkCallbackAsUid(mProfileDefaultNetworkCallbackAsAppUid2,
+                TEST_WORK_PROFILE_APP_UID_2);
+        registerDefaultNetworkCallbackAsUid(mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback2,
+                TEST_PACKAGE_UID2);
+        // TODO: test using ConnectivityManager#registerDefaultNetworkCallbackAsUid as well.
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_DENIED);
+    }
+
+    private void unregisterDefaultNetworkCallbacks() {
+        if (null != mDefaultNetworkCallback) {
+            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(mDefaultNetworkCallback);
+        }
+        if (null != mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback) {
+            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback);
+        }
+        if (null != mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback) {
+            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback);
+        }
+        if (null != mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback) {
+            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback);
+        }
+        if (null != mProfileDefaultNetworkCallbackAsAppUid2) {
+            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(mProfileDefaultNetworkCallbackAsAppUid2);
+        }
+        if (null != mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback2) {
+            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback2);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void setupMultipleDefaultNetworksForOemNetworkPreferenceNotCurrentUidTest(
+            @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int networkPrefToSetup)
+            throws Exception {
+        final int testPackageNameUid = TEST_PACKAGE_UID;
+        final String testPackageName = "per.app.defaults.package";
+        setupMultipleDefaultNetworksForOemNetworkPreferenceTest(
+                networkPrefToSetup, testPackageNameUid, testPackageName);
+    }
+
+    private void setupMultipleDefaultNetworksForOemNetworkPreferenceCurrentUidTest(
+            @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int networkPrefToSetup)
+            throws Exception {
+        final int testPackageNameUid = Process.myUid();
+        final String testPackageName = "per.app.defaults.package";
+        setupMultipleDefaultNetworksForOemNetworkPreferenceTest(
+                networkPrefToSetup, testPackageNameUid, testPackageName);
+    }
+
+    private void setupMultipleDefaultNetworksForOemNetworkPreferenceTest(
+            @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int networkPrefToSetup,
+            final int testPackageUid, @NonNull final String testPackageName) throws Exception {
+        // Only the default request should be included at start.
+        assertEquals(1, mService.mDefaultNetworkRequests.size());
+
+        final UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges =
+                toUidRangeStableParcels(uidRangesForUids(testPackageUid));
+        setupSetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreferenceTest(
+                networkPrefToSetup, uidRanges, testPackageName);
+    }
+
+    private void setupSetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreferenceTest(
+            @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int networkPrefToSetup,
+            @NonNull final UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges,
+            @NonNull final String testPackageName) throws Exception {
+        setupSetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreferenceTest(networkPrefToSetup, uidRanges,
+                testPackageName, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE, true /* hasAutomotiveFeature */);
+    }
+
+    private void setupSetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreferenceTest(
+            @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int networkPrefToSetup,
+            @NonNull final UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges,
+            @NonNull final String testPackageName,
+            @NonNull final UserHandle user) throws Exception {
+        setupSetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreferenceTest(networkPrefToSetup, uidRanges,
+                testPackageName, user, true /* hasAutomotiveFeature */);
+    }
+
+    private void setupSetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreferenceTest(
+            @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int networkPrefToSetup,
+            @NonNull final UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges,
+            @NonNull final String testPackageName,
+            @NonNull final UserHandle user,
+            final boolean hasAutomotiveFeature) throws Exception {
+        mockHasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_AUTOMOTIVE, hasAutomotiveFeature);
+
+        // These tests work off a single UID therefore using 'start' is valid.
+        mockGetApplicationInfo(testPackageName, uidRanges[0].start, user);
+
+        setOemNetworkPreference(networkPrefToSetup, testPackageName);
+    }
+
+    private void setOemNetworkPreference(final int networkPrefToSetup,
+            @NonNull final String... testPackageNames)
+            throws Exception {
+        mockHasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_AUTOMOTIVE, true);
+
+        // Build OemNetworkPreferences object
+        final OemNetworkPreferences.Builder builder = new OemNetworkPreferences.Builder();
+        for (final String packageName : testPackageNames) {
+            builder.addNetworkPreference(packageName, networkPrefToSetup);
+        }
+        final OemNetworkPreferences pref = builder.build();
+
+        // Act on ConnectivityService.setOemNetworkPreference()
+        final TestOemListenerCallback oemPrefListener = new TestOemListenerCallback();
+        mService.setOemNetworkPreference(pref, oemPrefListener);
+
+        // Verify call returned successfully
+        oemPrefListener.expectOnComplete();
+    }
+
+    private static class TestOemListenerCallback implements IOnCompleteListener {
+        final CompletableFuture<Object> mDone = new CompletableFuture<>();
+
+        @Override
+        public void onComplete() {
+            mDone.complete(new Object());
+        }
+
+        void expectOnComplete() {
+            try {
+                mDone.get(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+            } catch (TimeoutException e) {
+                fail("Expected onComplete() not received after " + TIMEOUT_MS + " ms");
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                fail(e.getMessage());
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public IBinder asBinder() {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMultiDefaultGetActiveNetworkIsCorrect() throws Exception {
+        @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int networkPref =
+                OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID_ONLY;
+        final int expectedOemPrefRequestSize = 1;
+        registerDefaultNetworkCallbacks();
+
+        // Setup the test process to use networkPref for their default network.
+        setupMultipleDefaultNetworksForOemNetworkPreferenceCurrentUidTest(networkPref);
+
+        // Bring up ethernet with OEM_PAID. This will satisfy NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID.
+        // The active network for the default should be null at this point as this is a retricted
+        // network.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET, true);
+        verifyMultipleDefaultNetworksTracksCorrectly(expectedOemPrefRequestSize,
+                null,
+                mEthernetNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+
+        // Verify that the active network is correct
+        verifyActiveNetwork(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET);
+        // default NCs will be unregistered in tearDown
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMultiDefaultIsActiveNetworkMeteredIsCorrect() throws Exception {
+        @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int networkPref =
+                OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID_ONLY;
+        final int expectedOemPrefRequestSize = 1;
+        registerDefaultNetworkCallbacks();
+
+        // Setup the test process to use networkPref for their default network.
+        setupMultipleDefaultNetworksForOemNetworkPreferenceCurrentUidTest(networkPref);
+
+        // Returns true by default when no network is available.
+        assertTrue(mCm.isActiveNetworkMetered());
+
+        // Connect to an unmetered restricted network that will only be available to the OEM pref.
+        mEthernetNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET);
+        mEthernetNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID);
+        mEthernetNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        mEthernetNetworkAgent.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED);
+        mEthernetNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        verifyMultipleDefaultNetworksTracksCorrectly(expectedOemPrefRequestSize,
+                null,
+                mEthernetNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+
+        assertFalse(mCm.isActiveNetworkMetered());
+        // default NCs will be unregistered in tearDown
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPerAppDefaultRegisterDefaultNetworkCallback() throws Exception {
+        @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int networkPref =
+                OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID_ONLY;
+        final int expectedOemPrefRequestSize = 1;
+        final TestNetworkCallback defaultNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+
+        // Register the default network callback before the pref is already set. This means that
+        // the policy will be applied to the callback on setOemNetworkPreference().
+        mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(defaultNetworkCallback);
+        defaultNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback otherUidDefaultCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        withPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () ->
+                mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID, otherUidDefaultCallback,
+                        new Handler(ConnectivityThread.getInstanceLooper())));
+
+        // Setup the test process to use networkPref for their default network.
+        setupMultipleDefaultNetworksForOemNetworkPreferenceCurrentUidTest(networkPref);
+
+        // Bring up ethernet with OEM_PAID. This will satisfy NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID.
+        // The active nai for the default is null at this point as this is a restricted network.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET, true);
+        verifyMultipleDefaultNetworksTracksCorrectly(expectedOemPrefRequestSize,
+                null,
+                mEthernetNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+
+        // At this point with a restricted network used, the available callback should trigger.
+        defaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mEthernetNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(defaultNetworkCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(),
+                mEthernetNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+        otherUidDefaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // Now bring down the default network which should trigger a LOST callback.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET, false);
+
+        // At this point, with no network is available, the lost callback should trigger
+        defaultNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mEthernetNetworkAgent);
+        otherUidDefaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // Confirm we can unregister without issues.
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(defaultNetworkCallback);
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(otherUidDefaultCallback);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPerAppDefaultRegisterDefaultNetworkCallbackAfterPrefSet() throws Exception {
+        @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int networkPref =
+                OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID_ONLY;
+        final int expectedOemPrefRequestSize = 1;
+        final TestNetworkCallback defaultNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+
+        // Setup the test process to use networkPref for their default network.
+        setupMultipleDefaultNetworksForOemNetworkPreferenceCurrentUidTest(networkPref);
+
+        // Register the default network callback after the pref is already set. This means that
+        // the policy will be applied to the callback on requestNetwork().
+        mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(defaultNetworkCallback);
+        defaultNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback otherUidDefaultCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        withPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () ->
+                mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID, otherUidDefaultCallback,
+                        new Handler(ConnectivityThread.getInstanceLooper())));
+
+        // Bring up ethernet with OEM_PAID. This will satisfy NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID.
+        // The active nai for the default is null at this point as this is a restricted network.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET, true);
+        verifyMultipleDefaultNetworksTracksCorrectly(expectedOemPrefRequestSize,
+                null,
+                mEthernetNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+
+        // At this point with a restricted network used, the available callback should trigger
+        defaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mEthernetNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(defaultNetworkCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(),
+                mEthernetNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+        otherUidDefaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // Now bring down the default network which should trigger a LOST callback.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET, false);
+        otherUidDefaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // At this point, with no network is available, the lost callback should trigger
+        defaultNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mEthernetNetworkAgent);
+        otherUidDefaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // Confirm we can unregister without issues.
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(defaultNetworkCallback);
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(otherUidDefaultCallback);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPerAppDefaultRegisterDefaultNetworkCallbackDoesNotFire() throws Exception {
+        @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int networkPref =
+                OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID_ONLY;
+        final int expectedOemPrefRequestSize = 1;
+        final TestNetworkCallback defaultNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final int userId = UserHandle.getUserId(Process.myUid());
+
+        mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(defaultNetworkCallback);
+        defaultNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback otherUidDefaultCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        withPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () ->
+                mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID, otherUidDefaultCallback,
+                        new Handler(ConnectivityThread.getInstanceLooper())));
+
+        // Setup a process different than the test process to use the default network. This means
+        // that the defaultNetworkCallback won't be tracked by the per-app policy.
+        setupMultipleDefaultNetworksForOemNetworkPreferenceNotCurrentUidTest(networkPref);
+
+        // Bring up ethernet with OEM_PAID. This will satisfy NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID.
+        // The active nai for the default is null at this point as this is a restricted network.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET, true);
+        verifyMultipleDefaultNetworksTracksCorrectly(expectedOemPrefRequestSize,
+                null,
+                mEthernetNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+
+        // As this callback does not have access to the OEM_PAID network, it will not fire.
+        defaultNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        assertDefaultNetworkCapabilities(userId /* no networks */);
+
+        // The other UID does have access, and gets a callback.
+        otherUidDefaultCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mEthernetNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Bring up unrestricted cellular. This should now satisfy the default network.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, true);
+        verifyMultipleDefaultNetworksTracksCorrectly(expectedOemPrefRequestSize,
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(),
+                mEthernetNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+
+        // At this point with an unrestricted network used, the available callback should trigger
+        // The other UID is unaffected and remains on the paid network.
+        defaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(defaultNetworkCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(),
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+        assertDefaultNetworkCapabilities(userId, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        otherUidDefaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // Now bring down the per-app network.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET, false);
+
+        // Since the callback didn't use the per-app network, only the other UID gets a callback.
+        // Because the preference specifies no fallback, it does not switch to cellular.
+        defaultNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        otherUidDefaultCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mEthernetNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Now bring down the default network.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, false);
+
+        // As this callback was tracking the default, this should now trigger.
+        defaultNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        otherUidDefaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // Confirm we can unregister without issues.
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(defaultNetworkCallback);
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(otherUidDefaultCallback);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method assumes that the same uidRanges input will be used to verify that dependencies
+     * are called as expected.
+     */
+    private void verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(
+            @NonNull final UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges,
+            final int addUidRangesNetId,
+            final int addUidRangesTimes,
+            final int removeUidRangesNetId,
+            final int removeUidRangesTimes,
+            final boolean shouldDestroyNetwork) throws RemoteException {
+        verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(uidRanges, uidRanges,
+                addUidRangesNetId, addUidRangesTimes, removeUidRangesNetId, removeUidRangesTimes,
+                shouldDestroyNetwork);
+    }
+
+    private void verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(
+            @NonNull final UidRangeParcel[] addedUidRanges,
+            @NonNull final UidRangeParcel[] removedUidRanges,
+            final int addUidRangesNetId,
+            final int addUidRangesTimes,
+            final int removeUidRangesNetId,
+            final int removeUidRangesTimes,
+            final boolean shouldDestroyNetwork) throws RemoteException {
+        final boolean useAnyIdForAdd = OEM_PREF_ANY_NET_ID == addUidRangesNetId;
+        final boolean useAnyIdForRemove = OEM_PREF_ANY_NET_ID == removeUidRangesNetId;
+
+        // Validate that add/remove uid range (with oem priority) to/from netd.
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(addUidRangesTimes)).networkAddUidRangesParcel(argThat(config ->
+                (useAnyIdForAdd ? true : addUidRangesNetId == config.netId)
+                        && Arrays.equals(addedUidRanges, config.uidRanges)
+                        && PREFERENCE_ORDER_OEM == config.subPriority));
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(removeUidRangesTimes)).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(
+                argThat(config -> (useAnyIdForRemove ? true : removeUidRangesNetId == config.netId)
+                        && Arrays.equals(removedUidRanges, config.uidRanges)
+                        && PREFERENCE_ORDER_OEM == config.subPriority));
+        if (shouldDestroyNetwork) {
+            verify(mMockNetd, times(1))
+                    .networkDestroy((useAnyIdForRemove ? anyInt() : eq(removeUidRangesNetId)));
+        }
+        reset(mMockNetd);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test the tracked default requests allows test requests without standard setup.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSetOemNetworkPreferenceAllowsValidTestRequestWithoutChecks() throws Exception {
+        @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference int networkPref =
+                OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_TEST;
+        validateSetOemNetworkPreferenceAllowsValidTestPrefRequest(networkPref);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test the tracked default requests allows test only requests without standard setup.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSetOemNetworkPreferenceAllowsValidTestOnlyRequestWithoutChecks()
+            throws Exception {
+        @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference int networkPref =
+                OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_TEST_ONLY;
+        validateSetOemNetworkPreferenceAllowsValidTestPrefRequest(networkPref);
+    }
+
+    private void validateSetOemNetworkPreferenceAllowsValidTestPrefRequest(int networkPref)
+            throws Exception {
+        // The caller must have the MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS permission.
+        final int testPackageUid = 123;
+        final String validTestPackageName = "does.not.matter";
+        final UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges =
+                toUidRangeStableParcels(uidRangesForUids(testPackageUid));
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(
+                Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+
+        // Put the system into a state in which setOemNetworkPreference() would normally fail. This
+        // will confirm that a valid test request can bypass these checks.
+        mockHasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_AUTOMOTIVE, false);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(
+                Manifest.permission.CONTROL_OEM_PAID_NETWORK_PREFERENCE, PERMISSION_DENIED);
+
+        // Validate the starting requests only includes the system default request.
+        assertEquals(1, mService.mDefaultNetworkRequests.size());
+
+        // Add an OEM default network request to track.
+        setupSetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreferenceTest(
+                networkPref, uidRanges, validTestPackageName, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE,
+                false /* hasAutomotiveFeature */);
+
+        // Two requests should now exist; the system default and the test request.
+        assertEquals(2, mService.mDefaultNetworkRequests.size());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test the tracked default requests clear previous OEM requests on setOemNetworkPreference().
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSetOemNetworkPreferenceClearPreviousOemValues() throws Exception {
+        @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference int networkPref =
+                OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID;
+        final int testPackageUid = 123;
+        final String testPackageName = "com.google.apps.contacts";
+        final UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges =
+                toUidRangeStableParcels(uidRangesForUids(testPackageUid));
+
+        // Validate the starting requests only includes the system default request.
+        assertEquals(1, mService.mDefaultNetworkRequests.size());
+
+        // Add an OEM default network request to track.
+        setupSetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreferenceTest(networkPref, uidRanges, testPackageName);
+
+        // Two requests should exist, one for the fallback and one for the pref.
+        assertEquals(2, mService.mDefaultNetworkRequests.size());
+
+        networkPref = OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PRIVATE_ONLY;
+        setupSetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreferenceTest(networkPref, uidRanges, testPackageName);
+
+        // Two requests should still exist validating the previous per-app request was replaced.
+        assertEquals(2, mService.mDefaultNetworkRequests.size());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test network priority for preference OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID in the following order:
+     * NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED -> NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID -> fallback
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testMultilayerForPreferenceOemPaidEvaluatesCorrectly()
+            throws Exception {
+        @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int networkPref =
+                OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID;
+
+        // Arrange PackageManager mocks
+        final UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges =
+                toUidRangeStableParcels(uidRangesForUids(TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
+        setupSetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreferenceTest(networkPref, uidRanges, TEST_PACKAGE_NAME);
+
+        // Verify the starting state. No networks should be connected.
+        verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(uidRanges,
+                OEM_PREF_ANY_NET_ID, 0 /* times */,
+                OEM_PREF_ANY_NET_ID, 0 /* times */,
+                false /* shouldDestroyNetwork */);
+
+        // Test lowest to highest priority requests.
+        // Bring up metered cellular. This will satisfy the fallback network.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, true);
+        verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(uidRanges,
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, 1 /* times */,
+                OEM_PREF_ANY_NET_ID, 0 /* times */,
+                false /* shouldDestroyNetwork */);
+
+        // Bring up ethernet with OEM_PAID. This will satisfy NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET, true);
+        verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(uidRanges,
+                mEthernetNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, 1 /* times */,
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, 1 /* times */,
+                false /* shouldDestroyNetwork */);
+
+        // Bring up unmetered Wi-Fi. This will satisfy NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_WIFI, true);
+        verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(uidRanges,
+                mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, 1 /* times */,
+                mEthernetNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, 1 /* times */,
+                false /* shouldDestroyNetwork */);
+
+        // Disconnecting OEM_PAID should have no effect as it is lower in priority then unmetered.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET, false);
+        // netd should not be called as default networks haven't changed.
+        verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(uidRanges,
+                OEM_PREF_ANY_NET_ID, 0 /* times */,
+                OEM_PREF_ANY_NET_ID, 0 /* times */,
+                false /* shouldDestroyNetwork */);
+
+        // Disconnecting unmetered should put PANS on lowest priority fallback request.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_WIFI, false);
+        verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(uidRanges,
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, 1 /* times */,
+                mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, 0 /* times */,
+                true /* shouldDestroyNetwork */);
+
+        // Disconnecting the fallback network should result in no connectivity.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, false);
+        verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(uidRanges,
+                OEM_PREF_ANY_NET_ID, 0 /* times */,
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, 0 /* times */,
+                true /* shouldDestroyNetwork */);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test network priority for OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID_NO_FALLBACK in the following order:
+     * NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED -> NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testMultilayerForPreferenceOemPaidNoFallbackEvaluatesCorrectly()
+            throws Exception {
+        @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int networkPref =
+                OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID_NO_FALLBACK;
+
+        // Arrange PackageManager mocks
+        final UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges =
+                toUidRangeStableParcels(uidRangesForUids(TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
+        setupSetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreferenceTest(networkPref, uidRanges, TEST_PACKAGE_NAME);
+
+        // Verify the starting state. This preference doesn't support using the fallback network
+        // therefore should be on the disconnected network as it has no networks to connect to.
+        verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(uidRanges,
+                mService.mNoServiceNetwork.network.getNetId(), 1 /* times */,
+                OEM_PREF_ANY_NET_ID, 0 /* times */,
+                false /* shouldDestroyNetwork */);
+
+        // Test lowest to highest priority requests.
+        // Bring up metered cellular. This will satisfy the fallback network.
+        // This preference should not use this network as it doesn't support fallback usage.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, true);
+        verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(uidRanges,
+                OEM_PREF_ANY_NET_ID, 0 /* times */,
+                OEM_PREF_ANY_NET_ID, 0 /* times */,
+                false /* shouldDestroyNetwork */);
+
+        // Bring up ethernet with OEM_PAID. This will satisfy NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET, true);
+        verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(uidRanges,
+                mEthernetNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, 1 /* times */,
+                mService.mNoServiceNetwork.network.getNetId(), 1 /* times */,
+                false /* shouldDestroyNetwork */);
+
+        // Bring up unmetered Wi-Fi. This will satisfy NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_WIFI, true);
+        verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(uidRanges,
+                mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, 1 /* times */,
+                mEthernetNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, 1 /* times */,
+                false /* shouldDestroyNetwork */);
+
+        // Disconnecting unmetered should put PANS on OEM_PAID.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_WIFI, false);
+        verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(uidRanges,
+                mEthernetNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, 1 /* times */,
+                mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, 0 /* times */,
+                true /* shouldDestroyNetwork */);
+
+        // Disconnecting OEM_PAID should result in no connectivity.
+        // OEM_PAID_NO_FALLBACK not supporting a fallback now uses the disconnected network.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET, false);
+        verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(uidRanges,
+                mService.mNoServiceNetwork.network.getNetId(), 1 /* times */,
+                mEthernetNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, 0 /* times */,
+                true /* shouldDestroyNetwork */);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test network priority for OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID_ONLY in the following order:
+     * NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID
+     * This preference should only apply to OEM_PAID networks.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testMultilayerForPreferenceOemPaidOnlyEvaluatesCorrectly()
+            throws Exception {
+        @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int networkPref =
+                OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID_ONLY;
+
+        // Arrange PackageManager mocks
+        final UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges =
+                toUidRangeStableParcels(uidRangesForUids(TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
+        setupSetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreferenceTest(networkPref, uidRanges, TEST_PACKAGE_NAME);
+
+        // Verify the starting state. This preference doesn't support using the fallback network
+        // therefore should be on the disconnected network as it has no networks to connect to.
+        verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(uidRanges,
+                mService.mNoServiceNetwork.network.getNetId(), 1 /* times */,
+                OEM_PREF_ANY_NET_ID, 0 /* times */,
+                false /* shouldDestroyNetwork */);
+
+        // Bring up metered cellular. This should not apply to this preference.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, true);
+        verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(uidRanges,
+                OEM_PREF_ANY_NET_ID, 0 /* times */,
+                OEM_PREF_ANY_NET_ID, 0 /* times */,
+                false /* shouldDestroyNetwork */);
+
+        // Bring up unmetered Wi-Fi. This should not apply to this preference.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_WIFI, true);
+        verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(uidRanges,
+                OEM_PREF_ANY_NET_ID, 0 /* times */,
+                OEM_PREF_ANY_NET_ID, 0 /* times */,
+                false /* shouldDestroyNetwork */);
+
+        // Bring up ethernet with OEM_PAID. This will satisfy NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET, true);
+        verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(uidRanges,
+                mEthernetNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, 1 /* times */,
+                mService.mNoServiceNetwork.network.getNetId(), 1 /* times */,
+                false /* shouldDestroyNetwork */);
+
+        // Disconnecting OEM_PAID should result in no connectivity.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET, false);
+        verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(uidRanges,
+                mService.mNoServiceNetwork.network.getNetId(), 1 /* times */,
+                mEthernetNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, 0 /* times */,
+                true /* shouldDestroyNetwork */);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test network priority for OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PRIVATE_ONLY in the following order:
+     * NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE
+     * This preference should only apply to OEM_PRIVATE networks.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testMultilayerForPreferenceOemPrivateOnlyEvaluatesCorrectly()
+            throws Exception {
+        @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int networkPref =
+                OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PRIVATE_ONLY;
+
+        // Arrange PackageManager mocks
+        final UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges =
+                toUidRangeStableParcels(uidRangesForUids(TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
+        setupSetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreferenceTest(networkPref, uidRanges, TEST_PACKAGE_NAME);
+
+        // Verify the starting state. This preference doesn't support using the fallback network
+        // therefore should be on the disconnected network as it has no networks to connect to.
+        verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(uidRanges,
+                mService.mNoServiceNetwork.network.getNetId(), 1 /* times */,
+                OEM_PREF_ANY_NET_ID, 0 /* times */,
+                false /* shouldDestroyNetwork */);
+
+        // Bring up metered cellular. This should not apply to this preference.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, true);
+        verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(uidRanges,
+                OEM_PREF_ANY_NET_ID, 0 /* times */,
+                OEM_PREF_ANY_NET_ID, 0 /* times */,
+                false /* shouldDestroyNetwork */);
+
+        // Bring up unmetered Wi-Fi. This should not apply to this preference.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_WIFI, true);
+        verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(uidRanges,
+                OEM_PREF_ANY_NET_ID, 0 /* times */,
+                OEM_PREF_ANY_NET_ID, 0 /* times */,
+                false /* shouldDestroyNetwork */);
+
+        // Bring up ethernet with OEM_PRIVATE. This will satisfy NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE.
+        startOemManagedNetwork(false);
+        verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(uidRanges,
+                mEthernetNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, 1 /* times */,
+                mService.mNoServiceNetwork.network.getNetId(), 1 /* times */,
+                false /* shouldDestroyNetwork */);
+
+        // Disconnecting OEM_PRIVATE should result in no connectivity.
+        stopOemManagedNetwork();
+        verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(uidRanges,
+                mService.mNoServiceNetwork.network.getNetId(), 1 /* times */,
+                mEthernetNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, 0 /* times */,
+                true /* shouldDestroyNetwork */);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMultilayerForMultipleUsersEvaluatesCorrectly()
+            throws Exception {
+        @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int networkPref =
+                OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID;
+
+        // Arrange users
+        final int secondUser = 10;
+        final UserHandle secondUserHandle = new UserHandle(secondUser);
+        doReturn(asList(PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE, secondUserHandle)).when(mUserManager)
+                .getUserHandles(anyBoolean());
+
+        // Arrange PackageManager mocks
+        final int secondUserTestPackageUid = UserHandle.getUid(secondUser, TEST_PACKAGE_UID);
+        final UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges =
+                toUidRangeStableParcels(
+                        uidRangesForUids(TEST_PACKAGE_UID, secondUserTestPackageUid));
+        mockGetApplicationInfo(TEST_PACKAGE_NAME, secondUserTestPackageUid, secondUserHandle);
+        setupSetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreferenceTest(networkPref, uidRanges, TEST_PACKAGE_NAME);
+
+        // Verify the starting state. No networks should be connected.
+        verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(uidRanges,
+                OEM_PREF_ANY_NET_ID, 0 /* times */,
+                OEM_PREF_ANY_NET_ID, 0 /* times */,
+                false /* shouldDestroyNetwork */);
+
+        // Test that we correctly add the expected values for multiple users.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, true);
+        verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(uidRanges,
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, 1 /* times */,
+                OEM_PREF_ANY_NET_ID, 0 /* times */,
+                false /* shouldDestroyNetwork */);
+
+        // Test that we correctly remove the expected values for multiple users.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, false);
+        verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(uidRanges,
+                OEM_PREF_ANY_NET_ID, 0 /* times */,
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, 0 /* times */,
+                true /* shouldDestroyNetwork */);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMultilayerForBroadcastedUsersEvaluatesCorrectly()
+            throws Exception {
+        @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int networkPref =
+                OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID;
+
+        // Arrange users
+        final int secondUser = 10;
+        final UserHandle secondUserHandle = new UserHandle(secondUser);
+        doReturn(asList(PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)).when(mUserManager).getUserHandles(anyBoolean());
+
+        // Arrange PackageManager mocks
+        final int secondUserTestPackageUid = UserHandle.getUid(secondUser, TEST_PACKAGE_UID);
+        final UidRangeParcel[] uidRangesSingleUser =
+                toUidRangeStableParcels(uidRangesForUids(TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
+        final UidRangeParcel[] uidRangesBothUsers =
+                toUidRangeStableParcels(
+                        uidRangesForUids(TEST_PACKAGE_UID, secondUserTestPackageUid));
+        mockGetApplicationInfo(TEST_PACKAGE_NAME, secondUserTestPackageUid, secondUserHandle);
+        setupSetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreferenceTest(
+                networkPref, uidRangesSingleUser, TEST_PACKAGE_NAME);
+
+        // Verify the starting state. No networks should be connected.
+        verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(uidRangesSingleUser,
+                OEM_PREF_ANY_NET_ID, 0 /* times */,
+                OEM_PREF_ANY_NET_ID, 0 /* times */,
+                false /* shouldDestroyNetwork */);
+
+        // Test that we correctly add the expected values for multiple users.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, true);
+        verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(uidRangesSingleUser,
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, 1 /* times */,
+                OEM_PREF_ANY_NET_ID, 0 /* times */,
+                false /* shouldDestroyNetwork */);
+
+        // Send a broadcast indicating a user was added.
+        doReturn(asList(PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE, secondUserHandle)).when(mUserManager)
+                .getUserHandles(anyBoolean());
+        final Intent addedIntent = new Intent(ACTION_USER_ADDED);
+        addedIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_USER, UserHandle.of(secondUser));
+        processBroadcast(addedIntent);
+
+        // Test that we correctly add values for all users and remove for the single user.
+        verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(uidRangesBothUsers, uidRangesSingleUser,
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, 1 /* times */,
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, 1 /* times */,
+                false /* shouldDestroyNetwork */);
+
+        // Send a broadcast indicating a user was removed.
+        doReturn(asList(PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE)).when(mUserManager).getUserHandles(anyBoolean());
+        final Intent removedIntent = new Intent(ACTION_USER_REMOVED);
+        removedIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_USER, UserHandle.of(secondUser));
+        processBroadcast(removedIntent);
+
+        // Test that we correctly add values for the single user and remove for the all users.
+        verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(uidRangesSingleUser, uidRangesBothUsers,
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, 1 /* times */,
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, 1 /* times */,
+                false /* shouldDestroyNetwork */);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMultilayerForPackageChangesEvaluatesCorrectly()
+            throws Exception {
+        @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int networkPref =
+                OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID;
+        final String packageScheme = "package:";
+
+        // Arrange PackageManager mocks
+        final String packageToInstall = "package.to.install";
+        final int packageToInstallUid = 81387;
+        final UidRangeParcel[] uidRangesSinglePackage =
+                toUidRangeStableParcels(uidRangesForUids(TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
+        mockGetApplicationInfo(TEST_PACKAGE_NAME, TEST_PACKAGE_UID);
+        mockGetApplicationInfoThrowsNameNotFound(packageToInstall, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE);
+        setOemNetworkPreference(networkPref, TEST_PACKAGE_NAME, packageToInstall);
+        grantUsingBackgroundNetworksPermissionForUid(Binder.getCallingUid(), packageToInstall);
+
+        // Verify the starting state. No networks should be connected.
+        verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(uidRangesSinglePackage,
+                OEM_PREF_ANY_NET_ID, 0 /* times */,
+                OEM_PREF_ANY_NET_ID, 0 /* times */,
+                false /* shouldDestroyNetwork */);
+
+        // Test that we correctly add the expected values for installed packages.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, true);
+        verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(uidRangesSinglePackage,
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, 1 /* times */,
+                OEM_PREF_ANY_NET_ID, 0 /* times */,
+                false /* shouldDestroyNetwork */);
+
+        // Set the system to recognize the package to be installed
+        mockGetApplicationInfo(packageToInstall, packageToInstallUid);
+        final UidRangeParcel[] uidRangesAllPackages =
+                toUidRangeStableParcels(uidRangesForUids(TEST_PACKAGE_UID, packageToInstallUid));
+
+        // Send a broadcast indicating a package was installed.
+        final Intent addedIntent = new Intent(ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED);
+        addedIntent.setData(Uri.parse(packageScheme + packageToInstall));
+        processBroadcast(addedIntent);
+
+        // Test the single package is removed and the combined packages are added.
+        verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(uidRangesAllPackages, uidRangesSinglePackage,
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, 1 /* times */,
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, 1 /* times */,
+                false /* shouldDestroyNetwork */);
+
+        // Set the system to no longer recognize the package to be installed
+        mockGetApplicationInfoThrowsNameNotFound(packageToInstall, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE);
+
+        // Send a broadcast indicating a package was removed.
+        final Intent removedIntent = new Intent(ACTION_PACKAGE_REMOVED);
+        removedIntent.setData(Uri.parse(packageScheme + packageToInstall));
+        processBroadcast(removedIntent);
+
+        // Test the combined packages are removed and the single package is added.
+        verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(uidRangesSinglePackage, uidRangesAllPackages,
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, 1 /* times */,
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, 1 /* times */,
+                false /* shouldDestroyNetwork */);
+
+        // Set the system to change the installed package's uid
+        final int replacedTestPackageUid = TEST_PACKAGE_UID + 1;
+        mockGetApplicationInfo(TEST_PACKAGE_NAME, replacedTestPackageUid);
+        final UidRangeParcel[] uidRangesReplacedPackage =
+                toUidRangeStableParcels(uidRangesForUids(replacedTestPackageUid));
+
+        // Send a broadcast indicating a package was replaced.
+        final Intent replacedIntent = new Intent(ACTION_PACKAGE_REPLACED);
+        replacedIntent.setData(Uri.parse(packageScheme + TEST_PACKAGE_NAME));
+        processBroadcast(replacedIntent);
+
+        // Test the original uid is removed and is replaced with the new uid.
+        verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(uidRangesReplacedPackage, uidRangesSinglePackage,
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, 1 /* times */,
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, 1 /* times */,
+                false /* shouldDestroyNetwork */);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test network priority for preference OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID in the following order:
+     * NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED -> NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID -> fallback
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testMultipleDefaultNetworksTracksOemNetworkPreferenceOemPaidCorrectly()
+            throws Exception {
+        @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int networkPref =
+                OemNetworkPreferences.OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID;
+        setupMultipleDefaultNetworksForOemNetworkPreferenceCurrentUidTest(networkPref);
+        final int expectedDefaultRequestSize = 2;
+        final int expectedOemPrefRequestSize = 3;
+        registerDefaultNetworkCallbacks();
+
+        // The fallback as well as the OEM preference should now be tracked.
+        assertEquals(expectedDefaultRequestSize, mService.mDefaultNetworkRequests.size());
+
+        // Test lowest to highest priority requests.
+        // Bring up metered cellular. This will satisfy the fallback network.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, true);
+        verifyMultipleDefaultNetworksTracksCorrectly(expectedOemPrefRequestSize,
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(),
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+
+        // Bring up ethernet with OEM_PAID. This will satisfy NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET, true);
+        verifyMultipleDefaultNetworksTracksCorrectly(expectedOemPrefRequestSize,
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(),
+                mEthernetNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+
+        // Bring up unmetered Wi-Fi. This will satisfy NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_WIFI, true);
+        verifyMultipleDefaultNetworksTracksCorrectly(expectedOemPrefRequestSize,
+                mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(),
+                mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+
+        // Disconnecting unmetered Wi-Fi will put the pref on OEM_PAID and fallback on cellular.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_WIFI, false);
+        verifyMultipleDefaultNetworksTracksCorrectly(expectedOemPrefRequestSize,
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(),
+                mEthernetNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+
+        // Disconnecting cellular should keep OEM network on OEM_PAID and fallback will be null.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, false);
+        verifyMultipleDefaultNetworksTracksCorrectly(expectedOemPrefRequestSize,
+                null,
+                mEthernetNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+
+        // Disconnecting OEM_PAID will put both on null as it is the last network.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET, false);
+        verifyMultipleDefaultNetworksTracksCorrectly(expectedOemPrefRequestSize,
+                null,
+                null);
+
+        // default callbacks will be unregistered in tearDown
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkFactoryRequestsWithMultilayerRequest()
+            throws Exception {
+        // First use OEM_PAID preference to create a multi-layer request : 1. listen for
+        // unmetered, 2. request network with cap OEM_PAID, 3, request the default network for
+        // fallback.
+        @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int networkPref =
+                OemNetworkPreferences.OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID;
+        setupMultipleDefaultNetworksForOemNetworkPreferenceCurrentUidTest(networkPref);
+
+        final HandlerThread handlerThread = new HandlerThread("MockFactory");
+        handlerThread.start();
+        NetworkCapabilities internetFilter = new NetworkCapabilities()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED);
+        final MockNetworkFactory internetFactory = new MockNetworkFactory(handlerThread.getLooper(),
+                mServiceContext, "internetFactory", internetFilter, mCsHandlerThread);
+        internetFactory.setScoreFilter(40);
+        internetFactory.register();
+        // Default internet request only. The unmetered request is never sent to factories (it's a
+        // LISTEN, not requestable). The 3rd (fallback) request in OEM_PAID NRI is TRACK_DEFAULT
+        // which is also not sent to factories. Finally, the OEM_PAID request doesn't match the
+        // internetFactory filter.
+        internetFactory.expectRequestAdds(1);
+        internetFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(1);
+
+        NetworkCapabilities oemPaidFilter = new NetworkCapabilities()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED);
+        final MockNetworkFactory oemPaidFactory = new MockNetworkFactory(handlerThread.getLooper(),
+                mServiceContext, "oemPaidFactory", oemPaidFilter, mCsHandlerThread);
+        oemPaidFactory.setScoreFilter(40);
+        oemPaidFactory.register();
+        oemPaidFactory.expectRequestAdd(); // Because nobody satisfies the request
+
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+
+        // A network connected that satisfies the default internet request. For the OEM_PAID
+        // preference, this is not as good as an OEM_PAID network, so even if the score of
+        // the network is better than the factory announced, it still should try to bring up
+        // the network.
+        expectNoRequestChanged(oemPaidFactory);
+        oemPaidFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(1);
+        // The internet factory however is outscored, and should lose its requests.
+        internetFactory.expectRequestRemove();
+        internetFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(0);
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities oemPaidNc = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        oemPaidNc.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID);
+        oemPaidNc.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED);
+        final TestNetworkAgentWrapper oemPaidAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR,
+                new LinkProperties(), oemPaidNc);
+        oemPaidAgent.connect(true);
+
+        // The oemPaidAgent has score 50/cell transport, so it beats what the oemPaidFactory can
+        // provide, therefore it loses the request.
+        oemPaidFactory.expectRequestRemove();
+        oemPaidFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(0);
+        expectNoRequestChanged(internetFactory);
+        internetFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(0);
+
+        oemPaidAgent.setScore(new NetworkScore.Builder().setLegacyInt(20).setExiting(true).build());
+        // Now the that the agent is weak, the oemPaidFactory can beat the existing network for the
+        // OEM_PAID request. The internet factory however can't beat a network that has OEM_PAID
+        // for the preference request, so it doesn't see the request.
+        oemPaidFactory.expectRequestAdd();
+        oemPaidFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(1);
+        expectNoRequestChanged(internetFactory);
+        internetFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(0);
+
+        mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        // The network satisfying the default internet request has disconnected, so the
+        // internetFactory sees the default request again. However there is a network with OEM_PAID
+        // connected, so the 2nd OEM_PAID req is already satisfied, so the oemPaidFactory doesn't
+        // care about networks that don't have OEM_PAID.
+        expectNoRequestChanged(oemPaidFactory);
+        oemPaidFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(1);
+        internetFactory.expectRequestAdd();
+        internetFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(1);
+
+        // Cell connects again, still with score 50. Back to the previous state.
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        expectNoRequestChanged(oemPaidFactory);
+        oemPaidFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(1);
+        internetFactory.expectRequestRemove();
+        internetFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(0);
+
+        // Create a request that holds the upcoming wifi network.
+        final TestNetworkCallback wifiCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.requestNetwork(new NetworkRequest.Builder().addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI).build(),
+                wifiCallback);
+
+        // Now WiFi connects and it's unmetered, but it's weaker than cell.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setScore(new NetworkScore.Builder().setLegacyInt(30).setExiting(true)
+                .build()); // Not the best Internet network, but unmetered
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+
+        // The OEM_PAID preference prefers an unmetered network to an OEM_PAID network, so
+        // the oemPaidFactory can't beat wifi no matter how high its score.
+        oemPaidFactory.expectRequestRemove();
+        expectNoRequestChanged(internetFactory);
+
+        mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        // Now that the best internet network (cell, with its 50 score compared to 30 for WiFi
+        // at this point), the default internet request is satisfied by a network worse than
+        // the internetFactory announced, so it gets the request. However, there is still an
+        // unmetered network, so the oemPaidNetworkFactory still can't beat this.
+        expectNoRequestChanged(oemPaidFactory);
+        internetFactory.expectRequestAdd();
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(wifiCallback);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test network priority for OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID_NO_FALLBACK in the following order:
+     * NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED -> NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testMultipleDefaultNetworksTracksOemNetworkPreferenceOemPaidNoFallbackCorrectly()
+            throws Exception {
+        @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int networkPref =
+                OemNetworkPreferences.OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID_NO_FALLBACK;
+        setupMultipleDefaultNetworksForOemNetworkPreferenceCurrentUidTest(networkPref);
+        final int expectedDefaultRequestSize = 2;
+        final int expectedOemPrefRequestSize = 2;
+        registerDefaultNetworkCallbacks();
+
+        // The fallback as well as the OEM preference should now be tracked.
+        assertEquals(expectedDefaultRequestSize, mService.mDefaultNetworkRequests.size());
+
+        // Test lowest to highest priority requests.
+        // Bring up metered cellular. This will satisfy the fallback network but not the pref.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, true);
+        verifyMultipleDefaultNetworksTracksCorrectly(expectedOemPrefRequestSize,
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(),
+                mService.mNoServiceNetwork.network());
+
+        // Bring up ethernet with OEM_PAID. This will satisfy NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET, true);
+        verifyMultipleDefaultNetworksTracksCorrectly(expectedOemPrefRequestSize,
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(),
+                mEthernetNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+
+        // Bring up unmetered Wi-Fi. This will satisfy NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_WIFI, true);
+        verifyMultipleDefaultNetworksTracksCorrectly(expectedOemPrefRequestSize,
+                mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(),
+                mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+
+        // Disconnecting unmetered Wi-Fi will put the OEM pref on OEM_PAID and fallback on cellular.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_WIFI, false);
+        verifyMultipleDefaultNetworksTracksCorrectly(expectedOemPrefRequestSize,
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(),
+                mEthernetNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+
+        // Disconnecting cellular should keep OEM network on OEM_PAID and fallback will be null.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, false);
+        verifyMultipleDefaultNetworksTracksCorrectly(expectedOemPrefRequestSize,
+                null,
+                mEthernetNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+
+        // Disconnecting OEM_PAID puts the fallback on null and the pref on the disconnected net.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET, false);
+        verifyMultipleDefaultNetworksTracksCorrectly(expectedOemPrefRequestSize,
+                null,
+                mService.mNoServiceNetwork.network());
+
+        // default callbacks will be unregistered in tearDown
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test network priority for OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID_ONLY in the following order:
+     * NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID
+     * This preference should only apply to OEM_PAID networks.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testMultipleDefaultNetworksTracksOemNetworkPreferenceOemPaidOnlyCorrectly()
+            throws Exception {
+        @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int networkPref =
+                OemNetworkPreferences.OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID_ONLY;
+        setupMultipleDefaultNetworksForOemNetworkPreferenceCurrentUidTest(networkPref);
+        final int expectedDefaultRequestSize = 2;
+        final int expectedOemPrefRequestSize = 1;
+        registerDefaultNetworkCallbacks();
+
+        // The fallback as well as the OEM preference should now be tracked.
+        assertEquals(expectedDefaultRequestSize, mService.mDefaultNetworkRequests.size());
+
+        // Test lowest to highest priority requests.
+        // Bring up metered cellular. This will satisfy the fallback network.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, true);
+        verifyMultipleDefaultNetworksTracksCorrectly(expectedOemPrefRequestSize,
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(),
+                mService.mNoServiceNetwork.network());
+
+        // Bring up ethernet with OEM_PAID. This will satisfy NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET, true);
+        verifyMultipleDefaultNetworksTracksCorrectly(expectedOemPrefRequestSize,
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(),
+                mEthernetNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+
+        // Bring up unmetered Wi-Fi. The OEM network shouldn't change, the fallback will take Wi-Fi.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_WIFI, true);
+        verifyMultipleDefaultNetworksTracksCorrectly(expectedOemPrefRequestSize,
+                mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(),
+                mEthernetNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+
+        // Disconnecting unmetered Wi-Fi shouldn't change the OEM network with fallback on cellular.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_WIFI, false);
+        verifyMultipleDefaultNetworksTracksCorrectly(expectedOemPrefRequestSize,
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(),
+                mEthernetNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+
+        // Disconnecting OEM_PAID will keep the fallback on cellular and nothing for OEM_PAID.
+        // OEM_PAID_ONLY not supporting a fallback now uses the disconnected network.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET, false);
+        verifyMultipleDefaultNetworksTracksCorrectly(expectedOemPrefRequestSize,
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(),
+                mService.mNoServiceNetwork.network());
+
+        // Disconnecting cellular will put the fallback on null and the pref on disconnected.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, false);
+        verifyMultipleDefaultNetworksTracksCorrectly(expectedOemPrefRequestSize,
+                null,
+                mService.mNoServiceNetwork.network());
+
+        // default callbacks will be unregistered in tearDown
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test network priority for OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PRIVATE_ONLY in the following order:
+     * NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE
+     * This preference should only apply to OEM_PRIVATE networks.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testMultipleDefaultNetworksTracksOemNetworkPreferenceOemPrivateOnlyCorrectly()
+            throws Exception {
+        @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int networkPref =
+                OemNetworkPreferences.OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PRIVATE_ONLY;
+        setupMultipleDefaultNetworksForOemNetworkPreferenceCurrentUidTest(networkPref);
+        final int expectedDefaultRequestSize = 2;
+        final int expectedOemPrefRequestSize = 1;
+        registerDefaultNetworkCallbacks();
+
+        // The fallback as well as the OEM preference should now be tracked.
+        assertEquals(expectedDefaultRequestSize, mService.mDefaultNetworkRequests.size());
+
+        // Test lowest to highest priority requests.
+        // Bring up metered cellular. This will satisfy the fallback network.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, true);
+        verifyMultipleDefaultNetworksTracksCorrectly(expectedOemPrefRequestSize,
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(),
+                mService.mNoServiceNetwork.network());
+
+        // Bring up ethernet with OEM_PRIVATE. This will satisfy NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE.
+        startOemManagedNetwork(false);
+        verifyMultipleDefaultNetworksTracksCorrectly(expectedOemPrefRequestSize,
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(),
+                mEthernetNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+
+        // Bring up unmetered Wi-Fi. The OEM network shouldn't change, the fallback will take Wi-Fi.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_WIFI, true);
+        verifyMultipleDefaultNetworksTracksCorrectly(expectedOemPrefRequestSize,
+                mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(),
+                mEthernetNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+
+        // Disconnecting unmetered Wi-Fi shouldn't change the OEM network with fallback on cellular.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_WIFI, false);
+        verifyMultipleDefaultNetworksTracksCorrectly(expectedOemPrefRequestSize,
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(),
+                mEthernetNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+
+        // Disconnecting OEM_PRIVATE will keep the fallback on cellular.
+        // OEM_PRIVATE_ONLY not supporting a fallback now uses to the disconnected network.
+        stopOemManagedNetwork();
+        verifyMultipleDefaultNetworksTracksCorrectly(expectedOemPrefRequestSize,
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(),
+                mService.mNoServiceNetwork.network());
+
+        // Disconnecting cellular will put the fallback on null and pref on disconnected.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, false);
+        verifyMultipleDefaultNetworksTracksCorrectly(expectedOemPrefRequestSize,
+                null,
+                mService.mNoServiceNetwork.network());
+
+        // default callbacks will be unregistered in tearDown
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCapabilityWithOemNetworkPreference() throws Exception {
+        @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int networkPref =
+                OemNetworkPreferences.OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PRIVATE_ONLY;
+        setupMultipleDefaultNetworksForOemNetworkPreferenceNotCurrentUidTest(networkPref);
+        registerDefaultNetworkCallbacks();
+
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, true);
+
+        mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        mDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+
+        mCellNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED);
+        mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesThat(mCellNetworkAgent, nc ->
+                nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED));
+        mDefaultNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesThat(mCellNetworkAgent, nc ->
+                nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED));
+
+        // default callbacks will be unregistered in tearDown
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetOemNetworkPreferenceLogsRequest() throws Exception {
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(DUMP, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int networkPref =
+                OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID;
+        final StringWriter stringWriter = new StringWriter();
+        final String logIdentifier = "UPDATE INITIATED: OemNetworkPreferences";
+        final Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(logIdentifier);
+
+        final int expectedNumLogs = 2;
+        final UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges =
+                toUidRangeStableParcels(uidRangesForUids(TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
+
+        // Call twice to generate two logs.
+        setupSetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreferenceTest(networkPref, uidRanges, TEST_PACKAGE_NAME);
+        setupSetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreferenceTest(networkPref, uidRanges, TEST_PACKAGE_NAME);
+        mService.dump(new FileDescriptor(), new PrintWriter(stringWriter), new String[0]);
+
+        final String dumpOutput = stringWriter.toString();
+        final Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(dumpOutput);
+        int count = 0;
+        while (matcher.find()) {
+            count++;
+        }
+        assertEquals(expectedNumLogs, count);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetAllNetworkStateSnapshots() throws Exception {
+        verifyNoNetwork();
+
+        // Setup test cellular network with specified LinkProperties and NetworkCapabilities,
+        // verify the content of the snapshot matches.
+        final LinkProperties cellLp = new LinkProperties();
+        final LinkAddress myIpv4Addr = new LinkAddress(InetAddress.getByName("192.0.2.129"), 25);
+        final LinkAddress myIpv6Addr = new LinkAddress(InetAddress.getByName("2001:db8::1"), 64);
+        cellLp.setInterfaceName("test01");
+        cellLp.addLinkAddress(myIpv4Addr);
+        cellLp.addLinkAddress(myIpv6Addr);
+        cellLp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(InetAddress.getByName("fe80::1234")));
+        cellLp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(InetAddress.getByName("192.0.2.254")));
+        cellLp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(myIpv4Addr, null));
+        cellLp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(myIpv6Addr, null));
+        final NetworkCapabilities cellNcTemplate = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR).addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_MMS).build();
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback cellCb = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.requestNetwork(new NetworkRequest.Builder().addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_MMS).build(),
+                cellCb);
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, cellLp, cellNcTemplate);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        cellCb.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        List<NetworkStateSnapshot> snapshots = mCm.getAllNetworkStateSnapshots();
+        assertLength(1, snapshots);
+
+        // Compose the expected cellular snapshot for verification.
+        final NetworkCapabilities cellNc =
+                mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+        final NetworkStateSnapshot cellSnapshot = new NetworkStateSnapshot(
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), cellNc, cellLp,
+                null, ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE);
+        assertEquals(cellSnapshot, snapshots.get(0));
+
+        // Connect wifi and verify the snapshots.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        waitForIdle();
+        // Compose the expected wifi snapshot for verification.
+        final NetworkCapabilities wifiNc =
+                mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+        final NetworkStateSnapshot wifiSnapshot = new NetworkStateSnapshot(
+                mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), wifiNc, new LinkProperties(), null,
+                ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI);
+
+        snapshots = mCm.getAllNetworkStateSnapshots();
+        assertLength(2, snapshots);
+        assertContainsAll(snapshots, cellSnapshot, wifiSnapshot);
+
+        // Set cellular as suspended, verify the snapshots will contain suspended networks.
+        mCellNetworkAgent.suspend();
+        waitForIdle();
+        final NetworkCapabilities cellSuspendedNc =
+                mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+        assertFalse(cellSuspendedNc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED));
+        final NetworkStateSnapshot cellSuspendedSnapshot = new NetworkStateSnapshot(
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), cellSuspendedNc, cellLp,
+                null, ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE);
+        snapshots = mCm.getAllNetworkStateSnapshots();
+        assertLength(2, snapshots);
+        assertContainsAll(snapshots, cellSuspendedSnapshot, wifiSnapshot);
+
+        // Disconnect wifi, verify the snapshots contain only cellular.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        waitForIdle();
+        snapshots = mCm.getAllNetworkStateSnapshots();
+        assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        assertLength(1, snapshots);
+        assertEquals(cellSuspendedSnapshot, snapshots.get(0));
+
+        mCellNetworkAgent.resume();
+        waitForIdle();
+        snapshots = mCm.getAllNetworkStateSnapshots();
+        assertLength(1, snapshots);
+        assertEquals(cellSnapshot, snapshots.get(0));
+
+        mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        waitForIdle();
+        verifyNoNetwork();
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cellCb);
+    }
+
+    // Cannot be part of MockNetworkFactory since it requires method of the test.
+    private void expectNoRequestChanged(@NonNull MockNetworkFactory factory) {
+        waitForIdle();
+        factory.assertNoRequestChanged();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRegisterBestMatchingNetworkCallback_noIssueToFactory() throws Exception {
+        // Prepare mock mms factory.
+        final HandlerThread handlerThread = new HandlerThread("MockCellularFactory");
+        handlerThread.start();
+        NetworkCapabilities filter = new NetworkCapabilities()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_MMS);
+        final MockNetworkFactory testFactory = new MockNetworkFactory(handlerThread.getLooper(),
+                mServiceContext, "testFactory", filter, mCsHandlerThread);
+        testFactory.setScoreFilter(40);
+
+        try {
+            // Register the factory. It doesn't see the default request because its filter does
+            // not include INTERNET.
+            testFactory.register();
+            expectNoRequestChanged(testFactory);
+            testFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(0);
+            // The factory won't try to start the network since the default request doesn't
+            // match the filter (no INTERNET capability).
+            assertFalse(testFactory.getMyStartRequested());
+
+            // Register callback for listening best matching network. Verify that the request won't
+            // be sent to factory.
+            final TestNetworkCallback bestMatchingCb = new TestNetworkCallback();
+            mCm.registerBestMatchingNetworkCallback(
+                    new NetworkRequest.Builder().addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_MMS).build(),
+                    bestMatchingCb, mCsHandlerThread.getThreadHandler());
+            bestMatchingCb.assertNoCallback();
+            expectNoRequestChanged(testFactory);
+            testFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(0);
+            assertFalse(testFactory.getMyStartRequested());
+
+            // Fire a normal mms request, verify the factory will only see the request.
+            final TestNetworkCallback mmsNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+            final NetworkRequest mmsRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                    .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_MMS).build();
+            mCm.requestNetwork(mmsRequest, mmsNetworkCallback);
+            testFactory.expectRequestAdd();
+            testFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(1);
+            assertTrue(testFactory.getMyStartRequested());
+
+            // Unregister best matching callback, verify factory see no change.
+            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(bestMatchingCb);
+            expectNoRequestChanged(testFactory);
+            testFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(1);
+            assertTrue(testFactory.getMyStartRequested());
+        } finally {
+            testFactory.terminate();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRegisterBestMatchingNetworkCallback_trackBestNetwork() throws Exception {
+        final TestNetworkCallback bestMatchingCb = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerBestMatchingNetworkCallback(
+                new NetworkRequest.Builder().addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED).build(),
+                bestMatchingCb, mCsHandlerThread.getThreadHandler());
+
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        bestMatchingCb.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        bestMatchingCb.expectAvailableDoubleValidatedCallbacks(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Change something on cellular to trigger capabilities changed, since the callback
+        // only cares about the best network, verify it received nothing from cellular.
+        mCellNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED);
+        bestMatchingCb.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // Make cellular the best network again, verify the callback now tracks cellular.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.adjustScore(-50);
+        bestMatchingCb.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Make cellular temporary non-trusted, which will not satisfying the request.
+        // Verify the callback switch from/to the other network accordingly.
+        mCellNetworkAgent.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED);
+        bestMatchingCb.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED);
+        bestMatchingCb.expectAvailableDoubleValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Verify the callback doesn't care about wifi disconnect.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        bestMatchingCb.assertNoCallback();
+        mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        bestMatchingCb.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+    }
+
+    private UidRangeParcel[] uidRangeFor(final UserHandle handle) {
+        final UidRange range = UidRange.createForUser(handle);
+        return new UidRangeParcel[] { new UidRangeParcel(range.start, range.stop) };
+    }
+
+    private UidRangeParcel[] uidRangeFor(final UserHandle handle,
+            ProfileNetworkPreference profileNetworkPreference) {
+        final Set<UidRange> uidRangeSet;
+        UidRange range = UidRange.createForUser(handle);
+        if (profileNetworkPreference.getIncludedUids().length != 0) {
+            uidRangeSet = UidRangeUtils.convertArrayToUidRange(
+                    profileNetworkPreference.getIncludedUids());
+
+        } else if (profileNetworkPreference.getExcludedUids().length != 0)  {
+            uidRangeSet = UidRangeUtils.removeRangeSetFromUidRange(
+                    range, UidRangeUtils.convertArrayToUidRange(
+                            profileNetworkPreference.getExcludedUids()));
+        } else {
+            uidRangeSet = new ArraySet<>();
+            uidRangeSet.add(range);
+        }
+        UidRangeParcel[] uidRangeParcels = new UidRangeParcel[uidRangeSet.size()];
+        int i = 0;
+        for (UidRange range1 : uidRangeSet) {
+            uidRangeParcels[i] = new UidRangeParcel(range1.start, range1.stop);
+            i++;
+        }
+        return uidRangeParcels;
+    }
+
+    private static class TestOnCompleteListener implements Runnable {
+        final class OnComplete {}
+        final ArrayTrackRecord<OnComplete>.ReadHead mHistory =
+                new ArrayTrackRecord<OnComplete>().newReadHead();
+
+        @Override
+        public void run() {
+            mHistory.add(new OnComplete());
+        }
+
+        public void expectOnComplete() {
+            assertNotNull(mHistory.poll(TIMEOUT_MS, it -> true));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private TestNetworkAgentWrapper makeEnterpriseNetworkAgent() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkCapabilities workNc = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        workNc.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE);
+        workNc.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED);
+        return new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, new LinkProperties(), workNc);
+    }
+
+    private TestNetworkAgentWrapper makeEnterpriseNetworkAgent(int enterpriseId) throws Exception {
+        final NetworkCapabilities workNc = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        workNc.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE);
+        workNc.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED);
+        workNc.addEnterpriseId(enterpriseId);
+        return new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, new LinkProperties(), workNc);
+    }
+
+    private TestNetworkCallback mEnterpriseCallback;
+    private UserHandle setupEnterpriseNetwork() {
+        final UserHandle userHandle = UserHandle.of(TEST_WORK_PROFILE_USER_ID);
+        mServiceContext.setWorkProfile(userHandle, true);
+
+        // File a request to avoid the enterprise network being disconnected as soon as the default
+        // request goes away – it would make impossible to test that networkRemoveUidRanges
+        // is called, as the network would disconnect first for lack of a request.
+        mEnterpriseCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest keepUpRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE)
+                .build();
+        mCm.requestNetwork(keepUpRequest, mEnterpriseCallback);
+        return userHandle;
+    }
+
+    private void maybeTearDownEnterpriseNetwork() {
+        if (null != mEnterpriseCallback) {
+            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(mEnterpriseCallback);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Make sure per profile network preferences behave as expected for a given
+     * profile network preference.
+     */
+    public void testPreferenceForUserNetworkUpDownForGivenPreference(
+            ProfileNetworkPreference profileNetworkPreference,
+            boolean connectWorkProfileAgentAhead,
+            UserHandle testHandle,
+            TestNetworkCallback profileDefaultNetworkCallback,
+            TestNetworkCallback disAllowProfileDefaultNetworkCallback) throws Exception {
+        final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mMockNetd);
+
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+
+        mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        mDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        profileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        if (disAllowProfileDefaultNetworkCallback != null) {
+            disAllowProfileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(
+                    mCellNetworkAgent);
+        }
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkCreate(nativeNetworkConfigPhysical(
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, INetd.PERMISSION_NONE));
+
+        final TestNetworkAgentWrapper workAgent =
+                makeEnterpriseNetworkAgent(profileNetworkPreference.getPreferenceEnterpriseId());
+        if (connectWorkProfileAgentAhead) {
+            workAgent.connect(false);
+        }
+
+        final TestOnCompleteListener listener = new TestOnCompleteListener();
+        mCm.setProfileNetworkPreferences(testHandle, List.of(profileNetworkPreference),
+                r -> r.run(), listener);
+        listener.expectOnComplete();
+        boolean allowFallback = true;
+        if (profileNetworkPreference.getPreference()
+                == PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE_NO_FALLBACK) {
+            allowFallback = false;
+        }
+        if (allowFallback && !connectWorkProfileAgentAhead) {
+            // Setting a network preference for this user will create a new set of routing rules for
+            // the UID range that corresponds to this user, inorder to define the default network
+            // for these apps separately. This is true because the multi-layer request relevant to
+            // this UID range contains a TRACK_DEFAULT, so the range will be moved through
+            // UID-specific rules to the correct network – in this case the system default network.
+            // The case where the default network for the profile happens to be the same as the
+            // system default is not handled specially, the rules are always active as long as
+            // a preference is set.
+            inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkAddUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                    mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId,
+                    uidRangeFor(testHandle, profileNetworkPreference),
+                    PREFERENCE_ORDER_PROFILE));
+        }
+
+        // The enterprise network is not ready yet.
+        assertNoCallbacks(mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback, mDefaultNetworkCallback);
+        if (allowFallback && !connectWorkProfileAgentAhead) {
+            assertNoCallbacks(profileDefaultNetworkCallback);
+        } else if (!connectWorkProfileAgentAhead) {
+            profileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+            if (disAllowProfileDefaultNetworkCallback != null) {
+                assertNoCallbacks(disAllowProfileDefaultNetworkCallback);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!connectWorkProfileAgentAhead) {
+            workAgent.connect(false);
+        }
+
+        profileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(workAgent);
+        if (disAllowProfileDefaultNetworkCallback != null) {
+            disAllowProfileDefaultNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        }
+        mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        mDefaultNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkCreate(
+                nativeNetworkConfigPhysical(workAgent.getNetwork().netId, INetd.PERMISSION_SYSTEM));
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkAddUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                workAgent.getNetwork().netId,
+                uidRangeFor(testHandle, profileNetworkPreference),
+                PREFERENCE_ORDER_PROFILE));
+
+        if (allowFallback && !connectWorkProfileAgentAhead) {
+            inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                    mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId,
+                    uidRangeFor(testHandle, profileNetworkPreference),
+                    PREFERENCE_ORDER_PROFILE));
+        }
+
+        // Make sure changes to the work agent send callbacks to the app in the work profile, but
+        // not to the other apps.
+        workAgent.setNetworkValid(true /* isStrictMode */);
+        workAgent.mNetworkMonitor.forceReevaluation(Process.myUid());
+        profileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesThat(workAgent,
+                nc -> nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED)
+                        && nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE)
+                        && nc.hasEnterpriseId(
+                                profileNetworkPreference.getPreferenceEnterpriseId())
+                        && nc.getEnterpriseIds().length == 1);
+        if (disAllowProfileDefaultNetworkCallback != null) {
+            assertNoCallbacks(disAllowProfileDefaultNetworkCallback);
+        }
+        assertNoCallbacks(mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback, mDefaultNetworkCallback);
+
+        workAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED);
+        profileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesThat(workAgent, nc ->
+                nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED));
+        if (disAllowProfileDefaultNetworkCallback != null) {
+            assertNoCallbacks(disAllowProfileDefaultNetworkCallback);
+        }
+        assertNoCallbacks(mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback, mDefaultNetworkCallback);
+
+        // Conversely, change a capability on the system-wide default network and make sure
+        // that only the apps outside of the work profile receive the callbacks.
+        mCellNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED);
+        mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesThat(mCellNetworkAgent, nc ->
+                nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED));
+        mDefaultNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesThat(mCellNetworkAgent, nc ->
+                nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED));
+        if (disAllowProfileDefaultNetworkCallback != null) {
+            disAllowProfileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesThat(mCellNetworkAgent, nc ->
+                    nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED));
+        }
+        profileDefaultNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // Disconnect and reconnect the system-wide default network and make sure that the
+        // apps on this network see the appropriate callbacks, and the app on the work profile
+        // doesn't because it continues to use the enterprise network.
+        mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        mDefaultNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        if (disAllowProfileDefaultNetworkCallback != null) {
+            disAllowProfileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectCallback(
+                    CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        }
+        profileDefaultNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkDestroy(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId);
+
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        mDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        if (disAllowProfileDefaultNetworkCallback != null) {
+            disAllowProfileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(
+                    mCellNetworkAgent);
+
+        }
+        profileDefaultNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkCreate(nativeNetworkConfigPhysical(
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, INetd.PERMISSION_NONE));
+
+        // When the agent disconnects, test that the app on the work profile falls back to the
+        // default network.
+        workAgent.disconnect();
+        profileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, workAgent);
+        if (allowFallback) {
+            profileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+            if (disAllowProfileDefaultNetworkCallback != null) {
+                assertNoCallbacks(disAllowProfileDefaultNetworkCallback);
+            }
+        }
+        assertNoCallbacks(mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback, mDefaultNetworkCallback);
+        if (allowFallback) {
+            inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkAddUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                    mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId,
+                    uidRangeFor(testHandle, profileNetworkPreference),
+                    PREFERENCE_ORDER_PROFILE));
+        }
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkDestroy(workAgent.getNetwork().netId);
+
+        mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        mDefaultNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        if (disAllowProfileDefaultNetworkCallback != null) {
+            disAllowProfileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectCallback(
+                    CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        }
+        if (allowFallback) {
+            profileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        }
+
+        // Waiting for the handler to be idle before checking for networkDestroy is necessary
+        // here because ConnectivityService calls onLost before the network is fully torn down.
+        waitForIdle();
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkDestroy(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId);
+
+        // If the control comes here, callbacks seem to behave correctly in the presence of
+        // a default network when the enterprise network goes up and down. Now, make sure they
+        // also behave correctly in the absence of a system-wide default network.
+        final TestNetworkAgentWrapper workAgent2 =
+                makeEnterpriseNetworkAgent(profileNetworkPreference.getPreferenceEnterpriseId());
+        workAgent2.connect(false);
+
+        profileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(workAgent2);
+        if (disAllowProfileDefaultNetworkCallback != null) {
+            assertNoCallbacks(disAllowProfileDefaultNetworkCallback);
+        }
+        assertNoCallbacks(mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback, mDefaultNetworkCallback);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkCreate(nativeNetworkConfigPhysical(
+                workAgent2.getNetwork().netId, INetd.PERMISSION_SYSTEM));
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkAddUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                workAgent2.getNetwork().netId,
+                uidRangeFor(testHandle, profileNetworkPreference), PREFERENCE_ORDER_PROFILE));
+
+        workAgent2.setNetworkValid(true /* isStrictMode */);
+        workAgent2.mNetworkMonitor.forceReevaluation(Process.myUid());
+        profileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesThat(workAgent2,
+                nc -> nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE)
+                        && !nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+                        && nc.hasEnterpriseId(
+                        profileNetworkPreference.getPreferenceEnterpriseId())
+                        && nc.getEnterpriseIds().length == 1);
+        if (disAllowProfileDefaultNetworkCallback != null) {
+            assertNoCallbacks(disAllowProfileDefaultNetworkCallback);
+        }
+        assertNoCallbacks(mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback, mDefaultNetworkCallback);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkAddUidRangesParcel(any());
+
+        // When the agent disconnects, test that the app on the work profile fall back to the
+        // default network.
+        workAgent2.disconnect();
+        profileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, workAgent2);
+        if (disAllowProfileDefaultNetworkCallback != null) {
+            assertNoCallbacks(disAllowProfileDefaultNetworkCallback);
+        }
+        assertNoCallbacks(mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback, mDefaultNetworkCallback);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkDestroy(workAgent2.getNetwork().netId);
+
+        assertNoCallbacks(mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback, mDefaultNetworkCallback,
+                profileDefaultNetworkCallback);
+
+        // Callbacks will be unregistered by tearDown()
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Make sure per-profile networking preference behaves as expected when the enterprise network
+     * goes up and down while the preference is active. Make sure they behave as expected whether
+     * there is a general default network or not.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testPreferenceForUserNetworkUpDown() throws Exception {
+        final UserHandle testHandle = setupEnterpriseNetwork();
+        registerDefaultNetworkCallbacks();
+        ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder =
+                new ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder();
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.setPreference(PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE);
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.setPreferenceEnterpriseId(NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1);
+        testPreferenceForUserNetworkUpDownForGivenPreference(
+                profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.build(), false,
+                testHandle, mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Make sure per-profile networking preference behaves as expected when the enterprise network
+     * goes up and down while the preference is active. Make sure they behave as expected whether
+     * there is a general default network or not when configured to not fallback to default network.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testPreferenceForUserNetworkUpDownWithNoFallback() throws Exception {
+        final UserHandle testHandle = setupEnterpriseNetwork();
+        ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder =
+                new ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder();
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.setPreference(
+                PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE_NO_FALLBACK);
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.setPreferenceEnterpriseId(NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1);
+        registerDefaultNetworkCallbacks();
+        testPreferenceForUserNetworkUpDownForGivenPreference(
+                profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.build(), false,
+                testHandle, mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Make sure per-profile networking preference behaves as expected when the enterprise network
+     * goes up and down while the preference is active. Make sure they behave as expected whether
+     * there is a general default network or not when configured to not fallback to default network
+     * along with already connected enterprise work agent
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testPreferenceForUserNetworkUpDownWithNoFallbackWithAlreadyConnectedWorkAgent()
+            throws Exception {
+        final UserHandle testHandle = setupEnterpriseNetwork();
+        ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder =
+                new ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder();
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.setPreference(
+                PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE_NO_FALLBACK);
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.setPreferenceEnterpriseId(NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1);
+        registerDefaultNetworkCallbacks();
+        testPreferenceForUserNetworkUpDownForGivenPreference(
+                profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.build(), true, testHandle,
+                mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Make sure per-profile networking preference for specific uid of test handle
+     * behaves as expected
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testPreferenceForDefaultUidOfTestHandle() throws Exception {
+        final UserHandle testHandle = setupEnterpriseNetwork();
+        ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder =
+                new ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder();
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.setPreference(PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE);
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.setPreferenceEnterpriseId(NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1);
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.setIncludedUids(
+                new int[]{testHandle.getUid(TEST_WORK_PROFILE_APP_UID)});
+        registerDefaultNetworkCallbacks();
+        testPreferenceForUserNetworkUpDownForGivenPreference(
+                profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.build(), false, testHandle,
+                mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Make sure per-profile networking preference for specific uid of test handle
+     * behaves as expected
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testPreferenceForSpecificUidOfOnlyOneApp() throws Exception {
+        final UserHandle testHandle = setupEnterpriseNetwork();
+        ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder =
+                new ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder();
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.setPreference(PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE);
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.setPreferenceEnterpriseId(NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1);
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.setIncludedUids(
+                new int[]{testHandle.getUid(TEST_WORK_PROFILE_APP_UID_2)});
+        registerDefaultNetworkCallbacks();
+        testPreferenceForUserNetworkUpDownForGivenPreference(
+                profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.build(), false,
+                testHandle, mProfileDefaultNetworkCallbackAsAppUid2, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Make sure per-profile networking preference for specific uid of test handle
+     * behaves as expected
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testPreferenceForDisallowSpecificUidOfApp() throws Exception {
+        final UserHandle testHandle = setupEnterpriseNetwork();
+        ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder =
+                new ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder();
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.setPreference(PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE);
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.setPreferenceEnterpriseId(NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1);
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.setExcludedUids(
+                new int[]{testHandle.getUid(TEST_WORK_PROFILE_APP_UID_2)});
+        registerDefaultNetworkCallbacks();
+        testPreferenceForUserNetworkUpDownForGivenPreference(
+                profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.build(), false,
+                testHandle, mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback,
+                mProfileDefaultNetworkCallbackAsAppUid2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Make sure per-profile networking preference for specific uid of test handle
+     * invalid uid inputs
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testPreferenceForInvalidUids() throws Exception {
+        final UserHandle testHandle = setupEnterpriseNetwork();
+        ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder =
+                new ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder();
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.setPreference(PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE);
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.setPreferenceEnterpriseId(NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1);
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.setExcludedUids(
+                new int[]{testHandle.getUid(0) - 1});
+        final TestOnCompleteListener listener = new TestOnCompleteListener();
+        Assert.assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> mCm.setProfileNetworkPreferences(
+                testHandle, List.of(profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.build()),
+                r -> r.run(), listener));
+
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.setPreference(PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE);
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.setIncludedUids(
+                new int[]{testHandle.getUid(0) - 1});
+        Assert.assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> mCm.setProfileNetworkPreferences(
+                        testHandle, List.of(profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.build()),
+                        r -> r.run(), listener));
+
+
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.setPreference(PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE);
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.setIncludedUids(
+                new int[]{testHandle.getUid(0) - 1});
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.setExcludedUids(
+                new int[]{testHandle.getUid(TEST_WORK_PROFILE_APP_UID_2)});
+        Assert.assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> mCm.setProfileNetworkPreferences(
+                        testHandle, List.of(profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.build()),
+                        r -> r.run(), listener));
+
+        ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder2 =
+                new ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder();
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder2.setPreference(PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE);
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder2.setPreferenceEnterpriseId(NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1);
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder2.setIncludedUids(
+                new int[]{testHandle.getUid(TEST_WORK_PROFILE_APP_UID_2)});
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.setIncludedUids(
+                new int[]{testHandle.getUid(TEST_WORK_PROFILE_APP_UID_2)});
+        Assert.assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> mCm.setProfileNetworkPreferences(
+                        testHandle, List.of(profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.build(),
+                                profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder2.build()),
+                        r -> r.run(), listener));
+
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder2.setPreference(PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE);
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder2.setExcludedUids(
+                new int[]{testHandle.getUid(TEST_WORK_PROFILE_APP_UID_2)});
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.setExcludedUids(
+                new int[]{testHandle.getUid(TEST_WORK_PROFILE_APP_UID_2)});
+        Assert.assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> mCm.setProfileNetworkPreferences(
+                        testHandle, List.of(profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.build(),
+                                profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder2.build()),
+                        r -> r.run(), listener));
+
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder2.setPreference(
+                PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE_NO_FALLBACK);
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder2.setExcludedUids(
+                new int[]{testHandle.getUid(TEST_WORK_PROFILE_APP_UID_2)});
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.setExcludedUids(
+                new int[]{testHandle.getUid(TEST_WORK_PROFILE_APP_UID_2)});
+        Assert.assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> mCm.setProfileNetworkPreferences(
+                        testHandle, List.of(profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.build(),
+                                profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder2.build()),
+                        r -> r.run(), listener));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Make sure per-profile networking preference behaves as expected when the enterprise network
+     * goes up and down while the preference is active. Make sure they behave as expected whether
+     * there is a general default network or not when configured to fallback to default network
+     * along with already connected enterprise work agent
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testPreferenceForUserNetworkUpDownWithFallbackWithAlreadyConnectedWorkAgent()
+            throws Exception {
+        final UserHandle testHandle = setupEnterpriseNetwork();
+        ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder =
+                new ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder();
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.setPreference(PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE);
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.setPreferenceEnterpriseId(NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1);
+        registerDefaultNetworkCallbacks();
+        testPreferenceForUserNetworkUpDownForGivenPreference(
+                profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.build(), true,
+                testHandle, mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback,
+                null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Make sure per-profile networking preference behaves as expected when the enterprise network
+     * goes up and down while the preference is active for a given enterprise identifier
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testPreferenceForUserNetworkUpDownWithDefaultEnterpriseId()
+            throws Exception {
+        final UserHandle testHandle = setupEnterpriseNetwork();
+        ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder =
+                new ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder();
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.setPreference(
+                PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE_NO_FALLBACK);
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.setPreferenceEnterpriseId(NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1);
+        registerDefaultNetworkCallbacks();
+        testPreferenceForUserNetworkUpDownForGivenPreference(
+                profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.build(), true,
+                testHandle, mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback,
+                null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Make sure per-profile networking preference behaves as expected when the enterprise network
+     * goes up and down while the preference is active for a given enterprise identifier
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testPreferenceForUserNetworkUpDownWithId2()
+            throws Exception {
+        final UserHandle testHandle = setupEnterpriseNetwork();
+        ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder =
+                new ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder();
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.setPreference(
+                PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE_NO_FALLBACK);
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.setPreferenceEnterpriseId(
+                NetworkCapabilities.NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_2);
+        registerDefaultNetworkCallbacks();
+        testPreferenceForUserNetworkUpDownForGivenPreference(
+                profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.build(), true,
+                testHandle, mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Make sure per-profile networking preference behaves as expected when the enterprise network
+     * goes up and down while the preference is active for a given enterprise identifier
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testPreferenceForUserNetworkUpDownWithInvalidId()
+            throws Exception {
+        ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder =
+                new ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder();
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.setPreference(
+                PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE_NO_FALLBACK);
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.setPreferenceEnterpriseId(0);
+        registerDefaultNetworkCallbacks();
+        assertThrows("Should not be able to set invalid enterprise id",
+                IllegalStateException.class, () -> profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.build());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that, in a given networking context, calling setPreferenceForUser to set per-profile
+     * defaults on then off works as expected.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSetPreferenceForUserOnOff() throws Exception {
+        final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mMockNetd);
+        final UserHandle testHandle = setupEnterpriseNetwork();
+
+        // Connect both a regular cell agent and an enterprise network first.
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+
+        final TestNetworkAgentWrapper workAgent = makeEnterpriseNetworkAgent();
+        workAgent.connect(true);
+
+        final TestOnCompleteListener listener = new TestOnCompleteListener();
+        mCm.setProfileNetworkPreference(testHandle, PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE,
+                r -> r.run(), listener);
+        listener.expectOnComplete();
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkCreate(nativeNetworkConfigPhysical(
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, INetd.PERMISSION_NONE));
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkAddUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                workAgent.getNetwork().netId, uidRangeFor(testHandle), PREFERENCE_ORDER_PROFILE));
+
+        registerDefaultNetworkCallbacks();
+
+        mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        mDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(workAgent);
+
+        mCm.setProfileNetworkPreference(testHandle, PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT,
+                r -> r.run(), listener);
+        listener.expectOnComplete();
+
+        mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        assertNoCallbacks(mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback, mDefaultNetworkCallback);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                workAgent.getNetwork().netId, uidRangeFor(testHandle), PREFERENCE_ORDER_PROFILE));
+
+        workAgent.disconnect();
+        mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+
+        // Callbacks will be unregistered by tearDown()
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test per-profile default networks for two different profiles concurrently.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSetPreferenceForTwoProfiles() throws Exception {
+        final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mMockNetd);
+        final UserHandle testHandle2 = setupEnterpriseNetwork();
+        final UserHandle testHandle4 = UserHandle.of(TEST_WORK_PROFILE_USER_ID + 2);
+        mServiceContext.setWorkProfile(testHandle4, true);
+        registerDefaultNetworkCallbacks();
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback app4Cb = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final int testWorkProfileAppUid4 =
+                UserHandle.getUid(testHandle4.getIdentifier(), TEST_APP_ID);
+        registerDefaultNetworkCallbackAsUid(app4Cb, testWorkProfileAppUid4);
+
+        // Connect both a regular cell agent and an enterprise network first.
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+
+        final TestNetworkAgentWrapper workAgent = makeEnterpriseNetworkAgent();
+        workAgent.connect(true);
+
+        mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        mDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        app4Cb.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkCreate(nativeNetworkConfigPhysical(
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, INetd.PERMISSION_NONE));
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkCreate(nativeNetworkConfigPhysical(
+                workAgent.getNetwork().netId, INetd.PERMISSION_SYSTEM));
+
+        final TestOnCompleteListener listener = new TestOnCompleteListener();
+        mCm.setProfileNetworkPreference(testHandle2, PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE,
+                r -> r.run(), listener);
+        listener.expectOnComplete();
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkAddUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                workAgent.getNetwork().netId, uidRangeFor(testHandle2), PREFERENCE_ORDER_PROFILE));
+
+        mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(workAgent);
+        assertNoCallbacks(mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback, mDefaultNetworkCallback,
+                app4Cb);
+
+        mCm.setProfileNetworkPreference(testHandle4, PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE,
+                r -> r.run(), listener);
+        listener.expectOnComplete();
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkAddUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                workAgent.getNetwork().netId, uidRangeFor(testHandle4), PREFERENCE_ORDER_PROFILE));
+
+        app4Cb.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(workAgent);
+        assertNoCallbacks(mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback, mDefaultNetworkCallback,
+                mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback);
+
+        mCm.setProfileNetworkPreference(testHandle2, PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT,
+                r -> r.run(), listener);
+        listener.expectOnComplete();
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                workAgent.getNetwork().netId, uidRangeFor(testHandle2), PREFERENCE_ORDER_PROFILE));
+
+        mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        assertNoCallbacks(mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback, mDefaultNetworkCallback,
+                app4Cb);
+
+        workAgent.disconnect();
+        mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(app4Cb);
+        // Other callbacks will be unregistered by tearDown()
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testProfilePreferenceRemovedUponUserRemoved() throws Exception {
+        final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mMockNetd);
+        final UserHandle testHandle = setupEnterpriseNetwork();
+
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+
+        final TestOnCompleteListener listener = new TestOnCompleteListener();
+        mCm.setProfileNetworkPreference(testHandle, PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE,
+                r -> r.run(), listener);
+        listener.expectOnComplete();
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkCreate(nativeNetworkConfigPhysical(
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, INetd.PERMISSION_NONE));
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkAddUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, uidRangeFor(testHandle),
+                PREFERENCE_ORDER_PROFILE));
+
+        final Intent removedIntent = new Intent(ACTION_USER_REMOVED);
+        removedIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_USER, testHandle);
+        processBroadcast(removedIntent);
+
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, uidRangeFor(testHandle),
+                PREFERENCE_ORDER_PROFILE));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Make sure wrong preferences for per-profile default networking are rejected.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testProfileNetworkPrefWrongPreference() throws Exception {
+        final UserHandle testHandle = UserHandle.of(TEST_WORK_PROFILE_USER_ID);
+        mServiceContext.setWorkProfile(testHandle, true);
+        ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder =
+                new ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder();
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.setPreference(
+                PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE_NO_FALLBACK + 1);
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.setPreferenceEnterpriseId(NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1);
+        assertThrows("Should not be able to set an illegal preference",
+                IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> mCm.setProfileNetworkPreferences(testHandle,
+                        List.of(profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.build()),
+                        null, null));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Make sure requests for per-profile default networking for a non-work profile are
+     * rejected
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testProfileNetworkPrefWrongProfile() throws Exception {
+        final UserHandle testHandle = UserHandle.of(TEST_WORK_PROFILE_USER_ID);
+        mServiceContext.setWorkProfile(testHandle, false);
+        assertThrows("Should not be able to set a user pref for a non-work profile",
+                IllegalArgumentException.class , () ->
+                        mCm.setProfileNetworkPreference(testHandle,
+                                PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE, null, null));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSubIdsClearedWithoutNetworkFactoryPermission() throws Exception {
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_FACTORY, PERMISSION_DENIED);
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        nc.setSubscriptionIds(Collections.singleton(Process.myUid()));
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities result =
+                mService.networkCapabilitiesRestrictedForCallerPermissions(
+                        nc, Process.myPid(), Process.myUid());
+        assertTrue(result.getSubscriptionIds().isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSubIdsExistWithNetworkFactoryPermission() throws Exception {
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_FACTORY, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+
+        final Set<Integer> subIds = Collections.singleton(Process.myUid());
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        nc.setSubscriptionIds(subIds);
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities result =
+                mService.networkCapabilitiesRestrictedForCallerPermissions(
+                        nc, Process.myPid(), Process.myUid());
+        assertEquals(subIds, result.getSubscriptionIds());
+    }
+
+    private NetworkRequest getRequestWithSubIds() {
+        return new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .setSubscriptionIds(Collections.singleton(Process.myUid()))
+                .build();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkRequestWithSubIdsWithNetworkFactoryPermission() throws Exception {
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_FACTORY, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        final PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(
+                mContext, 0 /* requestCode */, new Intent("a"), FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
+        final NetworkCallback networkCallback1 = new NetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkCallback networkCallback2 = new NetworkCallback();
+
+        mCm.requestNetwork(getRequestWithSubIds(), networkCallback1);
+        mCm.requestNetwork(getRequestWithSubIds(), pendingIntent);
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(getRequestWithSubIds(), networkCallback2);
+
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback1);
+        mCm.releaseNetworkRequest(pendingIntent);
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkRequestWithSubIdsWithoutNetworkFactoryPermission() throws Exception {
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_FACTORY, PERMISSION_DENIED);
+        final PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(
+                mContext, 0 /* requestCode */, new Intent("a"), FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
+
+        final Class<SecurityException> expected = SecurityException.class;
+        assertThrows(
+                expected, () -> mCm.requestNetwork(getRequestWithSubIds(), new NetworkCallback()));
+        assertThrows(expected, () -> mCm.requestNetwork(getRequestWithSubIds(), pendingIntent));
+        assertThrows(
+                expected,
+                () -> mCm.registerNetworkCallback(getRequestWithSubIds(), new NetworkCallback()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAllowedUids() throws Exception {
+        final int preferenceOrder =
+                ConnectivityService.PREFERENCE_ORDER_IRRELEVANT_BECAUSE_NOT_DEFAULT;
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_FACTORY, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        final TestNetworkCallback cb = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.requestNetwork(new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                        .clearCapabilities()
+                        .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                        .build(),
+                cb);
+
+        final ArraySet<Integer> uids = new ArraySet<>();
+        uids.add(200);
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+                .setAllowedUids(uids)
+                .build();
+        final TestNetworkAgentWrapper agent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_TEST,
+                new LinkProperties(), nc);
+        agent.connect(true);
+        cb.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(agent);
+
+        final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mMockNetd);
+        final NativeUidRangeConfig uids200Parcel = new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                agent.getNetwork().getNetId(),
+                intToUidRangeStableParcels(uids),
+                preferenceOrder);
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
+            inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddUidRangesParcel(uids200Parcel);
+        }
+
+        uids.add(300);
+        uids.add(400);
+        nc.setAllowedUids(uids);
+        agent.setNetworkCapabilities(nc, true /* sendToConnectivityService */);
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
+            cb.expectCapabilitiesThat(agent, caps -> caps.getAllowedUids().equals(uids));
+        } else {
+            cb.assertNoCallback();
+        }
+
+        uids.remove(200);
+        final NativeUidRangeConfig uids300400Parcel = new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                agent.getNetwork().getNetId(),
+                intToUidRangeStableParcels(uids),
+                preferenceOrder);
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
+            inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddUidRangesParcel(uids300400Parcel);
+        }
+
+        nc.setAllowedUids(uids);
+        agent.setNetworkCapabilities(nc, true /* sendToConnectivityService */);
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
+            cb.expectCapabilitiesThat(agent, caps -> caps.getAllowedUids().equals(uids));
+            inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(uids200Parcel);
+        } else {
+            cb.assertNoCallback();
+        }
+
+        uids.clear();
+        uids.add(600);
+        nc.setAllowedUids(uids);
+        agent.setNetworkCapabilities(nc, true /* sendToConnectivityService */);
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
+            cb.expectCapabilitiesThat(agent, caps -> caps.getAllowedUids().equals(uids));
+        } else {
+            cb.assertNoCallback();
+        }
+        final NativeUidRangeConfig uids600Parcel = new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                agent.getNetwork().getNetId(),
+                intToUidRangeStableParcels(uids),
+                preferenceOrder);
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
+            inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddUidRangesParcel(uids600Parcel);
+            inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(uids300400Parcel);
+        }
+
+        uids.clear();
+        nc.setAllowedUids(uids);
+        agent.setNetworkCapabilities(nc, true /* sendToConnectivityService */);
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
+            cb.expectCapabilitiesThat(agent, caps -> caps.getAllowedUids().isEmpty());
+            inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(uids600Parcel);
+        } else {
+            cb.assertNoCallback();
+            verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkAddUidRangesParcel(any());
+            verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(any());
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCbsAllowedUids() throws Exception {
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_FACTORY, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+
+        // In this test TEST_PACKAGE_UID will be the UID of the carrier service UID.
+        doReturn(true).when(mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator)
+                .hasCarrierPrivilegeForNetworkCapabilities(eq(TEST_PACKAGE_UID), any());
+
+        final ArraySet<Integer> serviceUidSet = new ArraySet<>();
+        serviceUidSet.add(TEST_PACKAGE_UID);
+        final ArraySet<Integer> nonServiceUidSet = new ArraySet<>();
+        nonServiceUidSet.add(TEST_PACKAGE_UID2);
+        final ArraySet<Integer> serviceUidSetPlus = new ArraySet<>();
+        serviceUidSetPlus.add(TEST_PACKAGE_UID);
+        serviceUidSetPlus.add(TEST_PACKAGE_UID2);
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback cb = new TestNetworkCallback();
+
+        // Simulate a restricted telephony network. The telephony factory is entitled to set
+        // the access UID to the service package on any of its restricted networks.
+        final NetworkCapabilities.Builder ncb = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier(1 /* subid */));
+
+        // Cell gets to set the service UID as access UID
+        mCm.requestNetwork(new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+                .build(), cb);
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR,
+                new LinkProperties(), ncb.build());
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        cb.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        ncb.setAllowedUids(serviceUidSet);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.setNetworkCapabilities(ncb.build(), true /* sendToCS */);
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
+            cb.expectCapabilitiesThat(mCellNetworkAgent,
+                    caps -> caps.getAllowedUids().equals(serviceUidSet));
+        } else {
+            // S must ignore access UIDs.
+            cb.assertNoCallback(TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS);
+        }
+
+        // ...but not to some other UID. Rejection sets UIDs to the empty set
+        ncb.setAllowedUids(nonServiceUidSet);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.setNetworkCapabilities(ncb.build(), true /* sendToCS */);
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
+            cb.expectCapabilitiesThat(mCellNetworkAgent,
+                    caps -> caps.getAllowedUids().isEmpty());
+        } else {
+            // S must ignore access UIDs.
+            cb.assertNoCallback(TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS);
+        }
+
+        // ...and also not to multiple UIDs even including the service UID
+        ncb.setAllowedUids(serviceUidSetPlus);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.setNetworkCapabilities(ncb.build(), true /* sendToCS */);
+        cb.assertNoCallback(TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS);
+
+        mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        cb.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cb);
+
+        // Must be unset before touching the transports, because remove and add transport types
+        // check the specifier on the builder immediately, contradicting normal builder semantics
+        // TODO : fix the builder
+        ncb.setNetworkSpecifier(null);
+        ncb.removeTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        ncb.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        // Wifi does not get to set access UID, even to the correct UID
+        mCm.requestNetwork(new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+                .build(), cb);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI,
+                new LinkProperties(), ncb.build());
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        cb.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        ncb.setAllowedUids(serviceUidSet);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkCapabilities(ncb.build(), true /* sendToCS */);
+        cb.assertNoCallback(TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS);
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cb);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Validate request counts are counted accurately on setProfileNetworkPreference on set/replace.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testProfileNetworkPrefCountsRequestsCorrectlyOnSet() throws Exception {
+        final UserHandle testHandle = setupEnterpriseNetwork();
+        final TestOnCompleteListener listener = new TestOnCompleteListener();
+        // Leave one request available so the profile preference can be set.
+        testRequestCountLimits(1 /* countToLeaveAvailable */, () -> {
+            withPermission(NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+                    Process.myPid(), Process.myUid(), () -> {
+                        // Set initially to test the limit prior to having existing requests.
+                        mCm.setProfileNetworkPreference(testHandle,
+                                PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE,
+                                Runnable::run, listener);
+                    });
+            listener.expectOnComplete();
+
+            // Simulate filing requests as some app on the work profile
+            final int otherAppUid = UserHandle.getUid(TEST_WORK_PROFILE_USER_ID,
+                    UserHandle.getAppId(Process.myUid() + 1));
+            final int remainingCount = ConnectivityService.MAX_NETWORK_REQUESTS_PER_UID
+                    - mService.mNetworkRequestCounter.mUidToNetworkRequestCount.get(otherAppUid)
+                    - 1;
+            final NetworkCallback[] callbacks = new NetworkCallback[remainingCount];
+            doAsUid(otherAppUid, () -> {
+                for (int i = 0; i < remainingCount; ++i) {
+                    callbacks[i] = new TestableNetworkCallback();
+                    mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(callbacks[i]);
+                }
+            });
+
+            withPermission(NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+                    Process.myPid(), Process.myUid(), () -> {
+                        // re-set so as to test the limit as part of replacing existing requests.
+                        mCm.setProfileNetworkPreference(testHandle,
+                                PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE, Runnable::run, listener);
+                    });
+            listener.expectOnComplete();
+
+            doAsUid(otherAppUid, () -> {
+                for (final NetworkCallback callback : callbacks) {
+                    mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
+                }
+            });
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Validate request counts are counted accurately on setOemNetworkPreference on set/replace.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSetOemNetworkPreferenceCountsRequestsCorrectlyOnSet() throws Exception {
+        mockHasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_AUTOMOTIVE, true);
+        @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int networkPref =
+                OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PRIVATE_ONLY;
+        // Leave one request available so the OEM preference can be set.
+        testRequestCountLimits(1 /* countToLeaveAvailable */, () ->
+                withPermission(NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, () -> {
+                    // Set initially to test the limit prior to having existing requests.
+                    final TestOemListenerCallback listener = new TestOemListenerCallback();
+                    mService.setOemNetworkPreference(
+                            createDefaultOemNetworkPreferences(networkPref), listener);
+                    listener.expectOnComplete();
+
+                    // re-set so as to test the limit as part of replacing existing requests.
+                    mService.setOemNetworkPreference(
+                            createDefaultOemNetworkPreferences(networkPref), listener);
+                    listener.expectOnComplete();
+                }));
+    }
+
+    private void testRequestCountLimits(final int countToLeaveAvailable,
+            @NonNull final ExceptionalRunnable r) throws Exception {
+        final ArraySet<TestNetworkCallback> callbacks = new ArraySet<>();
+        try {
+            final int requestCount = mService.mSystemNetworkRequestCounter
+                    .mUidToNetworkRequestCount.get(Process.myUid());
+            // The limit is hit when total requests = limit - 1, and exceeded with a crash when
+            // total requests >= limit.
+            final int countToFile =
+                    MAX_NETWORK_REQUESTS_PER_SYSTEM_UID - requestCount - countToLeaveAvailable;
+            // Need permission so registerDefaultNetworkCallback uses mSystemNetworkRequestCounter
+            withPermission(NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, () -> {
+                for (int i = 1; i < countToFile; i++) {
+                    final TestNetworkCallback cb = new TestNetworkCallback();
+                    mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(cb);
+                    callbacks.add(cb);
+                }
+                assertEquals(MAX_NETWORK_REQUESTS_PER_SYSTEM_UID - 1 - countToLeaveAvailable,
+                        mService.mSystemNetworkRequestCounter
+                              .mUidToNetworkRequestCount.get(Process.myUid()));
+            });
+            // Code to run to check if it triggers a max request count limit error.
+            r.run();
+        } finally {
+            for (final TestNetworkCallback cb : callbacks) {
+                mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cb);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void assertCreateNrisFromMobileDataPreferredUids(Set<Integer> uids) {
+        final Set<NetworkRequestInfo> nris =
+                mService.createNrisFromMobileDataPreferredUids(uids);
+        final NetworkRequestInfo nri = nris.iterator().next();
+        // Verify that one NRI is created with multilayer requests. Because one NRI can contain
+        // multiple uid ranges, so it only need create one NRI here.
+        assertEquals(1, nris.size());
+        assertTrue(nri.isMultilayerRequest());
+        assertEquals(nri.getUids(), uidRangesForUids(uids));
+        assertEquals(PREFERENCE_ORDER_MOBILE_DATA_PREFERERRED, nri.mPreferenceOrder);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test createNrisFromMobileDataPreferredUids returns correct NetworkRequestInfo.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateNrisFromMobileDataPreferredUids() {
+        // Verify that empty uid set should not create any NRI for it.
+        final Set<NetworkRequestInfo> nrisNoUid =
+                mService.createNrisFromMobileDataPreferredUids(new ArraySet<>());
+        assertEquals(0, nrisNoUid.size());
+
+        final int uid1 = PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE.getUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID);
+        final int uid2 = PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE.getUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID2);
+        final int uid3 = SECONDARY_USER_HANDLE.getUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID);
+        assertCreateNrisFromMobileDataPreferredUids(Set.of(uid1));
+        assertCreateNrisFromMobileDataPreferredUids(Set.of(uid1, uid3));
+        assertCreateNrisFromMobileDataPreferredUids(Set.of(uid1, uid2));
+    }
+
+    private void setAndUpdateMobileDataPreferredUids(Set<Integer> uids) {
+        ConnectivitySettingsManager.setMobileDataPreferredUids(mServiceContext, uids);
+        mService.updateMobileDataPreferredUids();
+        waitForIdle();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that MOBILE_DATA_PREFERRED_UIDS changes will send correct net id and uid ranges to netd.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testMobileDataPreferredUidsChanged() throws Exception {
+        final InOrder inorder = inOrder(mMockNetd);
+        registerDefaultNetworkCallbacks();
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        mDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+
+        final int cellNetId = mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId;
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkCreate(nativeNetworkConfigPhysical(
+                cellNetId, INetd.PERMISSION_NONE));
+
+        // Initial mobile data preferred uids status.
+        setAndUpdateMobileDataPreferredUids(Set.of());
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkAddUidRangesParcel(any());
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(any());
+
+        // Set MOBILE_DATA_PREFERRED_UIDS setting and verify that net id and uid ranges send to netd
+        final Set<Integer> uids1 = Set.of(PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE.getUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
+        final UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges1 = toUidRangeStableParcels(uidRangesForUids(uids1));
+        final NativeUidRangeConfig config1 = new NativeUidRangeConfig(cellNetId, uidRanges1,
+                PREFERENCE_ORDER_MOBILE_DATA_PREFERERRED);
+        setAndUpdateMobileDataPreferredUids(uids1);
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddUidRangesParcel(config1);
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(any());
+
+        // Set MOBILE_DATA_PREFERRED_UIDS setting again and verify that old rules are removed and
+        // new rules are added.
+        final Set<Integer> uids2 = Set.of(PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE.getUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID),
+                PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE.getUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID2),
+                SECONDARY_USER_HANDLE.getUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
+        final UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges2 = toUidRangeStableParcels(uidRangesForUids(uids2));
+        final NativeUidRangeConfig config2 = new NativeUidRangeConfig(cellNetId, uidRanges2,
+                PREFERENCE_ORDER_MOBILE_DATA_PREFERERRED);
+        setAndUpdateMobileDataPreferredUids(uids2);
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(config1);
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddUidRangesParcel(config2);
+
+        // Clear MOBILE_DATA_PREFERRED_UIDS setting again and verify that old rules are removed and
+        // new rules are not added.
+        setAndUpdateMobileDataPreferredUids(Set.of());
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(config2);
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkAddUidRangesParcel(any());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Make sure mobile data preferred uids feature behaves as expected when the mobile network
+     * goes up and down while the uids is set. Make sure they behave as expected whether
+     * there is a general default network or not.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testMobileDataPreferenceForMobileNetworkUpDown() throws Exception {
+        final InOrder inorder = inOrder(mMockNetd);
+        // File a request for cell to ensure it doesn't go down.
+        final TestNetworkCallback cellNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest cellRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR).build();
+        mCm.requestNetwork(cellRequest, cellNetworkCallback);
+        cellNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        registerDefaultNetworkCallbacks();
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        mDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
+
+        final int wifiNetId = mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId;
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkCreate(nativeNetworkConfigPhysical(
+                wifiNetId, INetd.PERMISSION_NONE));
+
+        // Initial mobile data preferred uids status.
+        setAndUpdateMobileDataPreferredUids(Set.of());
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkAddUidRangesParcel(any());
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(any());
+
+        // Set MOBILE_DATA_PREFERRED_UIDS setting and verify that wifi net id and uid ranges send to
+        // netd.
+        final Set<Integer> uids = Set.of(PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE.getUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
+        final UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges = toUidRangeStableParcels(uidRangesForUids(uids));
+        final NativeUidRangeConfig wifiConfig = new NativeUidRangeConfig(wifiNetId, uidRanges,
+                PREFERENCE_ORDER_MOBILE_DATA_PREFERERRED);
+        setAndUpdateMobileDataPreferredUids(uids);
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddUidRangesParcel(wifiConfig);
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(any());
+
+        // Cellular network connected. mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback should receive
+        // callback with cellular network and net id and uid ranges should be updated to netd.
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        cellNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        mDefaultNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
+
+        final int cellNetId = mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId;
+        final NativeUidRangeConfig cellConfig = new NativeUidRangeConfig(cellNetId, uidRanges,
+                PREFERENCE_ORDER_MOBILE_DATA_PREFERERRED);
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkCreate(nativeNetworkConfigPhysical(
+                cellNetId, INetd.PERMISSION_NONE));
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddUidRangesParcel(cellConfig);
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(wifiConfig);
+
+        // Cellular network disconnected. mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback should receive
+        // callback with wifi network from fallback request.
+        mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        mDefaultNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        cellNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddUidRangesParcel(wifiConfig);
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(any());
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd).networkDestroy(cellNetId);
+
+        // Cellular network comes back. mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback should receive
+        // callback with cellular network.
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        cellNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        mDefaultNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
+
+        final int cellNetId2 = mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId;
+        final NativeUidRangeConfig cellConfig2 = new NativeUidRangeConfig(cellNetId2, uidRanges,
+                PREFERENCE_ORDER_MOBILE_DATA_PREFERERRED);
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkCreate(nativeNetworkConfigPhysical(
+                cellNetId2, INetd.PERMISSION_NONE));
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddUidRangesParcel(cellConfig2);
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(wifiConfig);
+
+        // Wifi network disconnected. mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback should not receive
+        // any callback.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        mDefaultNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        mDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
+        waitForIdle();
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkAddUidRangesParcel(any());
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(any());
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd).networkDestroy(wifiNetId);
+
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cellNetworkCallback);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMultilayerRequestsOfSetMobileDataPreferredUids() throws Exception {
+        // First set mobile data preferred uid to create a multi-layer requests: 1. request for
+        // cellular, 2. track the default network for fallback.
+        setAndUpdateMobileDataPreferredUids(
+                Set.of(PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE.getUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID)));
+
+        final HandlerThread handlerThread = new HandlerThread("MockFactory");
+        handlerThread.start();
+        final NetworkCapabilities cellFilter = new NetworkCapabilities()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED);
+        final MockNetworkFactory cellFactory = new MockNetworkFactory(handlerThread.getLooper(),
+                mServiceContext, "cellFactory", cellFilter, mCsHandlerThread);
+        cellFactory.setScoreFilter(40);
+
+        try {
+            cellFactory.register();
+            // Default internet request and the mobile data preferred request.
+            cellFactory.expectRequestAdds(2);
+            cellFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(2);
+
+            mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+            mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+
+            // The cellFactory however is outscored, and should lose default internet request.
+            // But it should still see mobile data preferred request.
+            cellFactory.expectRequestRemove();
+            cellFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(1);
+
+            mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+            // The network satisfying the default internet request has disconnected, so the
+            // cellFactory sees the default internet requests again.
+            cellFactory.expectRequestAdd();
+            cellFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(2);
+        } finally {
+            cellFactory.terminate();
+            handlerThread.quitSafely();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Validate request counts are counted accurately on MOBILE_DATA_PREFERRED_UIDS change
+     * on set/replace.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testMobileDataPreferredUidsChangedCountsRequestsCorrectlyOnSet() throws Exception {
+        ConnectivitySettingsManager.setMobileDataPreferredUids(mServiceContext,
+                Set.of(PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE.getUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID)));
+        // Leave one request available so MDO preference set up above can be set.
+        testRequestCountLimits(1 /* countToLeaveAvailable */, () ->
+                withPermission(NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+                        Process.myPid(), Process.myUid(), () -> {
+                            // Set initially to test the limit prior to having existing requests.
+                            mService.updateMobileDataPreferredUids();
+                            waitForIdle();
+
+                            // re-set so as to test the limit as part of replacing existing requests
+                            mService.updateMobileDataPreferredUids();
+                            waitForIdle();
+                        }));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAllNetworkPreferencesCanCoexist()
+            throws Exception {
+        final InOrder inorder = inOrder(mMockNetd);
+        @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int networkPref =
+                OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID;
+        final UserHandle testHandle = setupEnterpriseNetwork();
+
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, true);
+        final int cellNetId = mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId;
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkCreate(nativeNetworkConfigPhysical(
+                cellNetId, INetd.PERMISSION_NONE));
+
+        // Set oem network preference
+        final int[] uids1 = new int[] { PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE.getUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID) };
+        final UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges1 = toUidRangeStableParcels(uidRangesForUids(uids1));
+        final NativeUidRangeConfig config1 = new NativeUidRangeConfig(cellNetId, uidRanges1,
+                PREFERENCE_ORDER_OEM);
+        setupSetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreferenceTest(networkPref, uidRanges1, TEST_PACKAGE_NAME);
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddUidRangesParcel(config1);
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(any());
+
+        // Set user profile network preference
+        final TestNetworkAgentWrapper workAgent = makeEnterpriseNetworkAgent();
+        workAgent.connect(true);
+
+        final TestOnCompleteListener listener = new TestOnCompleteListener();
+        mCm.setProfileNetworkPreference(testHandle, PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE,
+                r -> r.run(), listener);
+        listener.expectOnComplete();
+        final NativeUidRangeConfig config2 = new NativeUidRangeConfig(workAgent.getNetwork().netId,
+                uidRangeFor(testHandle), PREFERENCE_ORDER_PROFILE);
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd).networkCreate(nativeNetworkConfigPhysical(
+                workAgent.getNetwork().netId, INetd.PERMISSION_SYSTEM));
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(any());
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd).networkAddUidRangesParcel(config2);
+
+        // Set MOBILE_DATA_PREFERRED_UIDS setting
+        final Set<Integer> uids2 = Set.of(PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE.getUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID2));
+        final UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges2 = toUidRangeStableParcels(uidRangesForUids(uids2));
+        final NativeUidRangeConfig config3 = new NativeUidRangeConfig(cellNetId, uidRanges2,
+                PREFERENCE_ORDER_MOBILE_DATA_PREFERERRED);
+        setAndUpdateMobileDataPreferredUids(uids2);
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(any());
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddUidRangesParcel(config3);
+
+        // Set oem network preference again with different uid.
+        final Set<Integer> uids3 = Set.of(PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE.getUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID3));
+        final UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges3 = toUidRangeStableParcels(uidRangesForUids(uids3));
+        final NativeUidRangeConfig config4 = new NativeUidRangeConfig(cellNetId, uidRanges3,
+                PREFERENCE_ORDER_OEM);
+        setupSetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreferenceTest(networkPref, uidRanges3, "com.android.test");
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(config1);
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddUidRangesParcel(config4);
+
+        // Remove user profile network preference
+        mCm.setProfileNetworkPreference(testHandle, PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT,
+                r -> r.run(), listener);
+        listener.expectOnComplete();
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(config2);
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkAddUidRangesParcel(any());
+
+        // Set MOBILE_DATA_PREFERRED_UIDS setting again with same uid as oem network preference.
+        final NativeUidRangeConfig config6 = new NativeUidRangeConfig(cellNetId, uidRanges3,
+                PREFERENCE_ORDER_MOBILE_DATA_PREFERERRED);
+        setAndUpdateMobileDataPreferredUids(uids3);
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(config3);
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddUidRangesParcel(config6);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkCallbackAndActiveNetworkForUid_AllNetworkPreferencesEnabled()
+            throws Exception {
+        // File a request for cell to ensure it doesn't go down.
+        final TestNetworkCallback cellNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest cellRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR).build();
+        mCm.requestNetwork(cellRequest, cellNetworkCallback);
+        cellNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // Register callbacks and have wifi network as default network.
+        registerDefaultNetworkCallbacks();
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        mDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(),
+                mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(TEST_WORK_PROFILE_APP_UID));
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
+
+        // Set MOBILE_DATA_PREFERRED_UIDS setting with TEST_WORK_PROFILE_APP_UID and
+        // TEST_PACKAGE_UID. Both mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback and
+        // mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback should receive callback with cell network.
+        setAndUpdateMobileDataPreferredUids(Set.of(TEST_WORK_PROFILE_APP_UID, TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        cellNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        mDefaultNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(),
+                mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(TEST_WORK_PROFILE_APP_UID));
+        assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
+
+        // Set user profile network preference with test profile. mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback
+        // should receive callback with higher priority network preference (enterprise network).
+        // The others should have no callbacks.
+        final UserHandle testHandle = setupEnterpriseNetwork();
+        final TestNetworkAgentWrapper workAgent = makeEnterpriseNetworkAgent();
+        workAgent.connect(true);
+        final TestOnCompleteListener listener = new TestOnCompleteListener();
+        mCm.setProfileNetworkPreference(testHandle, PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE,
+                r -> r.run(), listener);
+        listener.expectOnComplete();
+        assertNoCallbacks(mDefaultNetworkCallback, mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback);
+        mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(workAgent);
+        assertEquals(workAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(TEST_WORK_PROFILE_APP_UID));
+        assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
+
+        // Set oem network preference with TEST_PACKAGE_UID. mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback
+        // should receive callback with higher priority network preference (current default network)
+        // and the others should have no callbacks.
+        @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int networkPref =
+                OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID;
+        final int[] uids1 = new int[] { TEST_PACKAGE_UID };
+        final UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges1 = toUidRangeStableParcels(uidRangesForUids(uids1));
+        setupSetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreferenceTest(networkPref, uidRanges1, TEST_PACKAGE_NAME);
+        assertNoCallbacks(mDefaultNetworkCallback, mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback);
+        mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
+        assertEquals(workAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(TEST_WORK_PROFILE_APP_UID));
+
+        // Set oem network preference with TEST_WORK_PROFILE_APP_UID. Both
+        // mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback and mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback should receive
+        // callback.
+        final int[] uids2 = new int[] { TEST_WORK_PROFILE_APP_UID };
+        final UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges2 = toUidRangeStableParcels(uidRangesForUids(uids2));
+        doReturn(Arrays.asList(testHandle)).when(mUserManager).getUserHandles(anyBoolean());
+        setupSetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreferenceTest(
+                networkPref, uidRanges2, "com.android.test", testHandle);
+        mDefaultNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(),
+                mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(TEST_WORK_PROFILE_APP_UID));
+        assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
+
+        // Remove oem network preference, mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback should receive callback
+        // with current highest priority network preference (enterprise network) and the others
+        // should have no callbacks.
+        final TestOemListenerCallback oemPrefListener = new TestOemListenerCallback();
+        mService.setOemNetworkPreference(
+                new OemNetworkPreferences.Builder().build(), oemPrefListener);
+        oemPrefListener.expectOnComplete();
+        assertNoCallbacks(mDefaultNetworkCallback, mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback);
+        mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(workAgent);
+        assertEquals(workAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(TEST_WORK_PROFILE_APP_UID));
+        assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
+
+        // Remove user profile network preference.
+        mCm.setProfileNetworkPreference(testHandle, PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT,
+                r -> r.run(), listener);
+        listener.expectOnComplete();
+        assertNoCallbacks(mDefaultNetworkCallback, mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback);
+        mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(),
+                mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(TEST_WORK_PROFILE_APP_UID));
+        assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
+
+        // Disconnect wifi
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        assertNoCallbacks(mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback, mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback);
+        mDefaultNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        mDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRequestRouteToHostAddress_PackageDoesNotBelongToCaller() {
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () -> mService.requestRouteToHostAddress(
+                ConnectivityManager.TYPE_NONE, null /* hostAddress */, "com.not.package.owner",
+                null /* callingAttributionTag */));
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2)
+    public void testUpdateRateLimit_EnableDisable() throws Exception {
+        final LinkProperties wifiLp = new LinkProperties();
+        wifiLp.setInterfaceName(WIFI_IFNAME);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI, wifiLp);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+
+        final LinkProperties cellLp = new LinkProperties();
+        cellLp.setInterfaceName(MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, cellLp);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        final ArrayTrackRecord<Pair<String, Long>>.ReadHead readHeadWifi =
+                mDeps.mRateLimitHistory.newReadHead();
+        final ArrayTrackRecord<Pair<String, Long>>.ReadHead readHeadCell =
+                mDeps.mRateLimitHistory.newReadHead();
+
+        // set rate limit to 8MBit/s => 1MB/s
+        final int rateLimitInBytesPerSec = 1 * 1000 * 1000;
+        setIngressRateLimit(rateLimitInBytesPerSec);
+
+        assertNotNull(readHeadWifi.poll(TIMEOUT_MS,
+                it -> it.first == wifiLp.getInterfaceName()
+                        && it.second == rateLimitInBytesPerSec));
+        assertNotNull(readHeadCell.poll(TIMEOUT_MS,
+                it -> it.first == cellLp.getInterfaceName()
+                        && it.second == rateLimitInBytesPerSec));
+
+        // disable rate limiting
+        setIngressRateLimit(-1);
+
+        assertNotNull(readHeadWifi.poll(TIMEOUT_MS,
+                it -> it.first == wifiLp.getInterfaceName() && it.second == -1));
+        assertNotNull(readHeadCell.poll(TIMEOUT_MS,
+                it -> it.first == cellLp.getInterfaceName() && it.second == -1));
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2)
+    public void testUpdateRateLimit_WhenNewNetworkIsAdded() throws Exception {
+        final LinkProperties wifiLp = new LinkProperties();
+        wifiLp.setInterfaceName(WIFI_IFNAME);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI, wifiLp);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        final ArrayTrackRecord<Pair<String, Long>>.ReadHead readHead =
+                mDeps.mRateLimitHistory.newReadHead();
+
+        // set rate limit to 8MBit/s => 1MB/s
+        final int rateLimitInBytesPerSec = 1 * 1000 * 1000;
+        setIngressRateLimit(rateLimitInBytesPerSec);
+        assertNotNull(readHead.poll(TIMEOUT_MS, it -> it.first == wifiLp.getInterfaceName()
+                && it.second == rateLimitInBytesPerSec));
+
+        final LinkProperties cellLp = new LinkProperties();
+        cellLp.setInterfaceName(MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, cellLp);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        assertNotNull(readHead.poll(TIMEOUT_MS, it -> it.first == cellLp.getInterfaceName()
+                && it.second == rateLimitInBytesPerSec));
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2)
+    public void testUpdateRateLimit_OnlyAffectsInternetCapableNetworks() throws Exception {
+        final LinkProperties wifiLp = new LinkProperties();
+        wifiLp.setInterfaceName(WIFI_IFNAME);
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI, wifiLp);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connectWithoutInternet();
+
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        setIngressRateLimit(1000);
+        setIngressRateLimit(-1);
+
+        final ArrayTrackRecord<Pair<String, Long>>.ReadHead readHeadWifi =
+                mDeps.mRateLimitHistory.newReadHead();
+        assertNull(readHeadWifi.poll(TIMEOUT_MS, it -> it.first == wifiLp.getInterfaceName()));
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2)
+    public void testUpdateRateLimit_DisconnectingResetsRateLimit()
+            throws Exception {
+        // Steps:
+        // - connect network
+        // - set rate limit
+        // - disconnect network (interface still exists)
+        // - disable rate limit
+        // - connect network
+        // - ensure network interface is not rate limited
+        final LinkProperties wifiLp = new LinkProperties();
+        wifiLp.setInterfaceName(WIFI_IFNAME);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI, wifiLp);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        final ArrayTrackRecord<Pair<String, Long>>.ReadHead readHeadWifi =
+                mDeps.mRateLimitHistory.newReadHead();
+
+        int rateLimitInBytesPerSec = 1000;
+        setIngressRateLimit(rateLimitInBytesPerSec);
+        assertNotNull(readHeadWifi.poll(TIMEOUT_MS,
+                it -> it.first == wifiLp.getInterfaceName()
+                        && it.second == rateLimitInBytesPerSec));
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        assertNotNull(readHeadWifi.poll(TIMEOUT_MS,
+                it -> it.first == wifiLp.getInterfaceName() && it.second == -1));
+
+        setIngressRateLimit(-1);
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI, wifiLp);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        assertNull(readHeadWifi.poll(TIMEOUT_MS, it -> it.first == wifiLp.getInterfaceName()));
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2)
+    public void testUpdateRateLimit_UpdateExistingRateLimit() throws Exception {
+        final LinkProperties wifiLp = new LinkProperties();
+        wifiLp.setInterfaceName(WIFI_IFNAME);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI, wifiLp);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        final ArrayTrackRecord<Pair<String, Long>>.ReadHead readHeadWifi =
+                mDeps.mRateLimitHistory.newReadHead();
+
+        // update an active ingress rate limit
+        setIngressRateLimit(1000);
+        setIngressRateLimit(2000);
+
+        // verify the following order of execution:
+        // 1. ingress rate limit set to 1000.
+        // 2. ingress rate limit disabled (triggered by updating active rate limit).
+        // 3. ingress rate limit set to 2000.
+        assertNotNull(readHeadWifi.poll(TIMEOUT_MS,
+                it -> it.first == wifiLp.getInterfaceName()
+                        && it.second == 1000));
+        assertNotNull(readHeadWifi.poll(TIMEOUT_MS,
+                it -> it.first == wifiLp.getInterfaceName()
+                        && it.second == -1));
+        assertNotNull(readHeadWifi.poll(TIMEOUT_MS,
+                it -> it.first == wifiLp.getInterfaceName()
+                        && it.second == 2000));
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreAfter(SC_V2)
+    public void testUpdateRateLimit_DoesNothingBeforeT() throws Exception {
+        final LinkProperties wifiLp = new LinkProperties();
+        wifiLp.setInterfaceName(WIFI_IFNAME);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI, wifiLp);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        final ArrayTrackRecord<Pair<String, Long>>.ReadHead readHead =
+                mDeps.mRateLimitHistory.newReadHead();
+
+        setIngressRateLimit(1000);
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        assertNull(readHead.poll(TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS, it -> true));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIgnoreValidationAfterRoamDisabled() throws Exception {
+        assumeFalse(SdkLevel.isAtLeastT());
+        // testIgnoreValidationAfterRoam off
+        doReturn(-1).when(mResources)
+                .getInteger(R.integer.config_validationFailureAfterRoamIgnoreTimeMillis);
+
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        NetworkCapabilities wifiNc1 = new NetworkCapabilities()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                .setTransportInfo(new WifiInfo.Builder().setBssid("AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA").build());
+        NetworkCapabilities wifiNc2 = new NetworkCapabilities()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                .setTransportInfo(new WifiInfo.Builder().setBssid("BB:BB:BB:BB:BB:BB").build());
+        final LinkProperties wifiLp = new LinkProperties();
+        wifiLp.setInterfaceName(WIFI_IFNAME);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI, wifiLp, wifiNc1);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+
+        // The default network will be switching to Wi-Fi Network.
+        final TestNetworkCallback wifiNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest wifiRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI).build();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(wifiRequest, wifiNetworkCallback);
+        wifiNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        registerDefaultNetworkCallbacks();
+        mDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Wi-Fi roaming from wifiNc1 to wifiNc2.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkCapabilities(wifiNc2, true);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkInvalid(false);
+        mCm.reportNetworkConnectivity(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), false);
+        mDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIgnoreValidationAfterRoamEnabled() throws Exception {
+        assumeFalse(SdkLevel.isAtLeastT());
+        // testIgnoreValidationAfterRoam on
+        doReturn(5000).when(mResources)
+                .getInteger(R.integer.config_validationFailureAfterRoamIgnoreTimeMillis);
+
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        NetworkCapabilities wifiNc1 = new NetworkCapabilities()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                .setTransportInfo(new WifiInfo.Builder().setBssid("AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA").build());
+        NetworkCapabilities wifiNc2 = new NetworkCapabilities()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                .setTransportInfo(new WifiInfo.Builder().setBssid("BB:BB:BB:BB:BB:BB").build());
+        final LinkProperties wifiLp = new LinkProperties();
+        wifiLp.setInterfaceName(WIFI_IFNAME);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI, wifiLp, wifiNc1);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+
+        // The default network will be switching to Wi-Fi Network.
+        final TestNetworkCallback wifiNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest wifiRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI).build();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(wifiRequest, wifiNetworkCallback);
+        wifiNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        registerDefaultNetworkCallbacks();
+        mDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Wi-Fi roaming from wifiNc1 to wifiNc2.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkCapabilities(wifiNc2, true);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkInvalid(false);
+        mCm.reportNetworkConnectivity(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), false);
+
+        // Network validation failed, but the result will be ignored.
+        assertTrue(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork()).hasCapability(
+                NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED));
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkValid(false);
+
+        // Behavior of after config_validationFailureAfterRoamIgnoreTimeMillis
+        ConditionVariable waitForValidationBlock = new ConditionVariable();
+        doReturn(50).when(mResources)
+                .getInteger(R.integer.config_validationFailureAfterRoamIgnoreTimeMillis);
+        // Wi-Fi roaming from wifiNc2 to wifiNc1.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkCapabilities(wifiNc1, true);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkInvalid(false);
+        waitForValidationBlock.block(150);
+        mCm.reportNetworkConnectivity(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), false);
+        mDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/IpSecServiceParameterizedTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/IpSecServiceParameterizedTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45f3d3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/IpSecServiceParameterizedTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1014 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server;
+
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
+import static android.net.INetd.IF_STATE_DOWN;
+import static android.net.INetd.IF_STATE_UP;
+import static android.net.IpSecManager.DIRECTION_FWD;
+import static android.net.IpSecManager.DIRECTION_IN;
+import static android.net.IpSecManager.DIRECTION_OUT;
+import static android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET6;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.argThat;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyInt;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyString;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.app.AppOpsManager;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.INetd;
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.net.InterfaceConfigurationParcel;
+import android.net.IpSecAlgorithm;
+import android.net.IpSecConfig;
+import android.net.IpSecManager;
+import android.net.IpSecSpiResponse;
+import android.net.IpSecTransform;
+import android.net.IpSecTransformResponse;
+import android.net.IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse;
+import android.net.IpSecUdpEncapResponse;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.system.Os;
+import android.test.mock.MockContext;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.server.IpSecService.TunnelInterfaceRecord;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
+
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.Socket;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/** Unit tests for {@link IpSecService}. */
+@SmallTest
+@RunWith(Parameterized.class)
+public class IpSecServiceParameterizedTest {
+    @Rule
+    public final DevSdkIgnoreRule mIgnoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule(
+            Build.VERSION_CODES.R /* ignoreClassUpTo */);
+
+    private static final int TEST_SPI = 0xD1201D;
+
+    private final String mSourceAddr;
+    private final String mDestinationAddr;
+    private final LinkAddress mLocalInnerAddress;
+    private final int mFamily;
+
+    private static final int[] ADDRESS_FAMILIES =
+            new int[] {AF_INET, AF_INET6};
+
+    @Parameterized.Parameters
+    public static Collection ipSecConfigs() {
+        return Arrays.asList(
+                new Object[][] {
+                {"1.2.3.4", "8.8.4.4", "10.0.1.1/24", AF_INET},
+                {"2601::2", "2601::10", "2001:db8::1/64", AF_INET6}
+        });
+    }
+
+    private static final byte[] AEAD_KEY = {
+        0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+        0x08, 0x09, 0x0A, 0x0B, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0x0E, 0x0F,
+        0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17,
+        0x18, 0x19, 0x1A, 0x1B, 0x1C, 0x1D, 0x1E, 0x1F,
+        0x73, 0x61, 0x6C, 0x74
+    };
+    private static final byte[] CRYPT_KEY = {
+        0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+        0x08, 0x09, 0x0A, 0x0B, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0x0E, 0x0F,
+        0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17,
+        0x18, 0x19, 0x1A, 0x1B, 0x1C, 0x1D, 0x1E, 0x1F
+    };
+    private static final byte[] AUTH_KEY = {
+        0x7A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7F,
+        0x7A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7F
+    };
+
+    AppOpsManager mMockAppOps = mock(AppOpsManager.class);
+    ConnectivityManager mMockConnectivityMgr = mock(ConnectivityManager.class);
+
+    TestContext mTestContext = new TestContext();
+
+    private class TestContext extends MockContext {
+        private Set<String> mAllowedPermissions = new ArraySet<>(Arrays.asList(
+                android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS,
+                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+                PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK));
+
+        private void setAllowedPermissions(String... permissions) {
+            mAllowedPermissions = new ArraySet<>(permissions);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Object getSystemService(String name) {
+            switch(name) {
+                case Context.APP_OPS_SERVICE:
+                    return mMockAppOps;
+                case Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE:
+                    return mMockConnectivityMgr;
+                default:
+                    return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String getSystemServiceName(Class<?> serviceClass) {
+            if (ConnectivityManager.class == serviceClass) {
+                return Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE;
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public PackageManager getPackageManager() {
+            return mMockPkgMgr;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(String permission, String message) {
+            if (mAllowedPermissions.contains(permission)) {
+                return;
+            } else {
+                throw new SecurityException("Unavailable permission requested");
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int checkCallingOrSelfPermission(String permission) {
+            if (mAllowedPermissions.contains(permission)) {
+                return PERMISSION_GRANTED;
+            } else {
+                return PERMISSION_DENIED;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private IpSecService.Dependencies makeDependencies() throws RemoteException {
+        final IpSecService.Dependencies deps = mock(IpSecService.Dependencies.class);
+        when(deps.getNetdInstance(mTestContext)).thenReturn(mMockNetd);
+        return deps;
+    }
+
+    INetd mMockNetd;
+    PackageManager mMockPkgMgr;
+    IpSecService.Dependencies mDeps;
+    IpSecService mIpSecService;
+    Network fakeNetwork = new Network(0xAB);
+    int mUid = Os.getuid();
+
+    private static final IpSecAlgorithm AUTH_ALGO =
+            new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA256, AUTH_KEY, AUTH_KEY.length * 4);
+    private static final IpSecAlgorithm CRYPT_ALGO =
+            new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+    private static final IpSecAlgorithm AEAD_ALGO =
+            new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, AEAD_KEY, 128);
+    private static final int REMOTE_ENCAP_PORT = 4500;
+
+    private static final String BLESSED_PACKAGE = "blessedPackage";
+    private static final String SYSTEM_PACKAGE = "systemPackage";
+    private static final String BAD_PACKAGE = "badPackage";
+
+    public IpSecServiceParameterizedTest(
+            String sourceAddr, String destAddr, String localInnerAddr, int family) {
+        mSourceAddr = sourceAddr;
+        mDestinationAddr = destAddr;
+        mLocalInnerAddress = new LinkAddress(localInnerAddr);
+        mFamily = family;
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        mMockNetd = mock(INetd.class);
+        mMockPkgMgr = mock(PackageManager.class);
+        mDeps = makeDependencies();
+        mIpSecService = new IpSecService(mTestContext, mDeps);
+
+        // PackageManager should always return true (feature flag tests in IpSecServiceTest)
+        when(mMockPkgMgr.hasSystemFeature(anyString())).thenReturn(true);
+
+        // A package granted the AppOp for MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS will be MODE_ALLOWED.
+        when(mMockAppOps.noteOp(anyInt(), anyInt(), eq(BLESSED_PACKAGE)))
+                .thenReturn(AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED);
+        // A system package will not be granted the app op, so this should fall back to
+        // a permissions check, which should pass.
+        when(mMockAppOps.noteOp(anyInt(), anyInt(), eq(SYSTEM_PACKAGE)))
+                .thenReturn(AppOpsManager.MODE_DEFAULT);
+        // A mismatch between the package name and the UID will return MODE_IGNORED.
+        when(mMockAppOps.noteOp(anyInt(), anyInt(), eq(BAD_PACKAGE)))
+                .thenReturn(AppOpsManager.MODE_IGNORED);
+    }
+
+    //TODO: Add a test to verify SPI.
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIpSecServiceReserveSpi() throws Exception {
+        when(mMockNetd.ipSecAllocateSpi(anyInt(), anyString(), eq(mDestinationAddr), eq(TEST_SPI)))
+                .thenReturn(TEST_SPI);
+
+        IpSecSpiResponse spiResp =
+                mIpSecService.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(
+                        mDestinationAddr, TEST_SPI, new Binder());
+        assertEquals(IpSecManager.Status.OK, spiResp.status);
+        assertEquals(TEST_SPI, spiResp.spi);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReleaseSecurityParameterIndex() throws Exception {
+        when(mMockNetd.ipSecAllocateSpi(anyInt(), anyString(), eq(mDestinationAddr), eq(TEST_SPI)))
+                .thenReturn(TEST_SPI);
+
+        IpSecSpiResponse spiResp =
+                mIpSecService.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(
+                        mDestinationAddr, TEST_SPI, new Binder());
+
+        mIpSecService.releaseSecurityParameterIndex(spiResp.resourceId);
+
+        verify(mMockNetd)
+                .ipSecDeleteSecurityAssociation(
+                        eq(mUid),
+                        anyString(),
+                        anyString(),
+                        eq(TEST_SPI),
+                        anyInt(),
+                        anyInt(),
+                        anyInt());
+
+        // Verify quota and RefcountedResource objects cleaned up
+        IpSecService.UserRecord userRecord = mIpSecService.mUserResourceTracker.getUserRecord(mUid);
+        assertEquals(0, userRecord.mSpiQuotaTracker.mCurrent);
+        try {
+            userRecord.mSpiRecords.getRefcountedResourceOrThrow(spiResp.resourceId);
+            fail("Expected IllegalArgumentException on attempt to access deleted resource");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSecurityParameterIndexBinderDeath() throws Exception {
+        when(mMockNetd.ipSecAllocateSpi(anyInt(), anyString(), eq(mDestinationAddr), eq(TEST_SPI)))
+                .thenReturn(TEST_SPI);
+
+        IpSecSpiResponse spiResp =
+                mIpSecService.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(
+                        mDestinationAddr, TEST_SPI, new Binder());
+
+        IpSecService.UserRecord userRecord = mIpSecService.mUserResourceTracker.getUserRecord(mUid);
+        IpSecService.RefcountedResource refcountedRecord =
+                userRecord.mSpiRecords.getRefcountedResourceOrThrow(spiResp.resourceId);
+
+        refcountedRecord.binderDied();
+
+        verify(mMockNetd)
+                .ipSecDeleteSecurityAssociation(
+                        eq(mUid),
+                        anyString(),
+                        anyString(),
+                        eq(TEST_SPI),
+                        anyInt(),
+                        anyInt(),
+                        anyInt());
+
+        // Verify quota and RefcountedResource objects cleaned up
+        assertEquals(0, userRecord.mSpiQuotaTracker.mCurrent);
+        try {
+            userRecord.mSpiRecords.getRefcountedResourceOrThrow(spiResp.resourceId);
+            fail("Expected IllegalArgumentException on attempt to access deleted resource");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int getNewSpiResourceId(String remoteAddress, int returnSpi) throws Exception {
+        when(mMockNetd.ipSecAllocateSpi(anyInt(), anyString(), anyString(), anyInt()))
+                .thenReturn(returnSpi);
+
+        IpSecSpiResponse spi =
+                mIpSecService.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(
+                        InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(remoteAddress).getHostAddress(),
+                        IpSecManager.INVALID_SECURITY_PARAMETER_INDEX,
+                        new Binder());
+        return spi.resourceId;
+    }
+
+    private void addDefaultSpisAndRemoteAddrToIpSecConfig(IpSecConfig config) throws Exception {
+        config.setSpiResourceId(getNewSpiResourceId(mDestinationAddr, TEST_SPI));
+        config.setSourceAddress(mSourceAddr);
+        config.setDestinationAddress(mDestinationAddr);
+    }
+
+    private void addAuthAndCryptToIpSecConfig(IpSecConfig config) throws Exception {
+        config.setEncryption(CRYPT_ALGO);
+        config.setAuthentication(AUTH_ALGO);
+    }
+
+    private void addEncapSocketToIpSecConfig(int resourceId, IpSecConfig config) throws Exception {
+        config.setEncapType(IpSecTransform.ENCAP_ESPINUDP);
+        config.setEncapSocketResourceId(resourceId);
+        config.setEncapRemotePort(REMOTE_ENCAP_PORT);
+    }
+
+    private void verifyTransformNetdCalledForCreatingSA(
+            IpSecConfig config, IpSecTransformResponse resp) throws Exception {
+        verifyTransformNetdCalledForCreatingSA(config, resp, 0);
+    }
+
+    private void verifyTransformNetdCalledForCreatingSA(
+            IpSecConfig config, IpSecTransformResponse resp, int encapSocketPort) throws Exception {
+        IpSecAlgorithm auth = config.getAuthentication();
+        IpSecAlgorithm crypt = config.getEncryption();
+        IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt = config.getAuthenticatedEncryption();
+
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(1))
+                .ipSecAddSecurityAssociation(
+                        eq(mUid),
+                        eq(config.getMode()),
+                        eq(config.getSourceAddress()),
+                        eq(config.getDestinationAddress()),
+                        eq((config.getNetwork() != null) ? config.getNetwork().netId : 0),
+                        eq(TEST_SPI),
+                        eq(0),
+                        eq(0),
+                        eq((auth != null) ? auth.getName() : ""),
+                        eq((auth != null) ? auth.getKey() : new byte[] {}),
+                        eq((auth != null) ? auth.getTruncationLengthBits() : 0),
+                        eq((crypt != null) ? crypt.getName() : ""),
+                        eq((crypt != null) ? crypt.getKey() : new byte[] {}),
+                        eq((crypt != null) ? crypt.getTruncationLengthBits() : 0),
+                        eq((authCrypt != null) ? authCrypt.getName() : ""),
+                        eq((authCrypt != null) ? authCrypt.getKey() : new byte[] {}),
+                        eq((authCrypt != null) ? authCrypt.getTruncationLengthBits() : 0),
+                        eq(config.getEncapType()),
+                        eq(encapSocketPort),
+                        eq(config.getEncapRemotePort()),
+                        eq(config.getXfrmInterfaceId()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateTransform() throws Exception {
+        IpSecConfig ipSecConfig = new IpSecConfig();
+        addDefaultSpisAndRemoteAddrToIpSecConfig(ipSecConfig);
+        addAuthAndCryptToIpSecConfig(ipSecConfig);
+
+        IpSecTransformResponse createTransformResp =
+                mIpSecService.createTransform(ipSecConfig, new Binder(), BLESSED_PACKAGE);
+        assertEquals(IpSecManager.Status.OK, createTransformResp.status);
+
+        verifyTransformNetdCalledForCreatingSA(ipSecConfig, createTransformResp);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateTransformAead() throws Exception {
+        IpSecConfig ipSecConfig = new IpSecConfig();
+        addDefaultSpisAndRemoteAddrToIpSecConfig(ipSecConfig);
+
+        ipSecConfig.setAuthenticatedEncryption(AEAD_ALGO);
+
+        IpSecTransformResponse createTransformResp =
+                mIpSecService.createTransform(ipSecConfig, new Binder(), BLESSED_PACKAGE);
+        assertEquals(IpSecManager.Status.OK, createTransformResp.status);
+
+        verifyTransformNetdCalledForCreatingSA(ipSecConfig, createTransformResp);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateTransportModeTransformWithEncap() throws Exception {
+        IpSecUdpEncapResponse udpSock = mIpSecService.openUdpEncapsulationSocket(0, new Binder());
+
+        IpSecConfig ipSecConfig = new IpSecConfig();
+        ipSecConfig.setMode(IpSecTransform.MODE_TRANSPORT);
+        addDefaultSpisAndRemoteAddrToIpSecConfig(ipSecConfig);
+        addAuthAndCryptToIpSecConfig(ipSecConfig);
+        addEncapSocketToIpSecConfig(udpSock.resourceId, ipSecConfig);
+
+        if (mFamily == AF_INET) {
+            IpSecTransformResponse createTransformResp =
+                    mIpSecService.createTransform(ipSecConfig, new Binder(), BLESSED_PACKAGE);
+            assertEquals(IpSecManager.Status.OK, createTransformResp.status);
+
+            verifyTransformNetdCalledForCreatingSA(ipSecConfig, createTransformResp, udpSock.port);
+        } else {
+            try {
+                IpSecTransformResponse createTransformResp =
+                        mIpSecService.createTransform(ipSecConfig, new Binder(), BLESSED_PACKAGE);
+                fail("Expected IllegalArgumentException on attempt to use UDP Encap in IPv6");
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateTunnelModeTransformWithEncap() throws Exception {
+        IpSecUdpEncapResponse udpSock = mIpSecService.openUdpEncapsulationSocket(0, new Binder());
+
+        IpSecConfig ipSecConfig = new IpSecConfig();
+        ipSecConfig.setMode(IpSecTransform.MODE_TUNNEL);
+        addDefaultSpisAndRemoteAddrToIpSecConfig(ipSecConfig);
+        addAuthAndCryptToIpSecConfig(ipSecConfig);
+        addEncapSocketToIpSecConfig(udpSock.resourceId, ipSecConfig);
+
+        if (mFamily == AF_INET) {
+            IpSecTransformResponse createTransformResp =
+                    mIpSecService.createTransform(ipSecConfig, new Binder(), BLESSED_PACKAGE);
+            assertEquals(IpSecManager.Status.OK, createTransformResp.status);
+
+            verifyTransformNetdCalledForCreatingSA(ipSecConfig, createTransformResp, udpSock.port);
+        } else {
+            try {
+                IpSecTransformResponse createTransformResp =
+                        mIpSecService.createTransform(ipSecConfig, new Binder(), BLESSED_PACKAGE);
+                fail("Expected IllegalArgumentException on attempt to use UDP Encap in IPv6");
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateTwoTransformsWithSameSpis() throws Exception {
+        IpSecConfig ipSecConfig = new IpSecConfig();
+        addDefaultSpisAndRemoteAddrToIpSecConfig(ipSecConfig);
+        addAuthAndCryptToIpSecConfig(ipSecConfig);
+
+        IpSecTransformResponse createTransformResp =
+                mIpSecService.createTransform(ipSecConfig, new Binder(), BLESSED_PACKAGE);
+        assertEquals(IpSecManager.Status.OK, createTransformResp.status);
+
+        // Attempting to create transform a second time with the same SPIs should throw an error...
+        try {
+            mIpSecService.createTransform(ipSecConfig, new Binder(), BLESSED_PACKAGE);
+                fail("IpSecService should have thrown an error for reuse of SPI");
+        } catch (IllegalStateException expected) {
+        }
+
+        // ... even if the transform is deleted
+        mIpSecService.deleteTransform(createTransformResp.resourceId);
+        try {
+            mIpSecService.createTransform(ipSecConfig, new Binder(), BLESSED_PACKAGE);
+                fail("IpSecService should have thrown an error for reuse of SPI");
+        } catch (IllegalStateException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReleaseOwnedSpi() throws Exception {
+        IpSecConfig ipSecConfig = new IpSecConfig();
+        addDefaultSpisAndRemoteAddrToIpSecConfig(ipSecConfig);
+        addAuthAndCryptToIpSecConfig(ipSecConfig);
+
+        IpSecTransformResponse createTransformResp =
+                mIpSecService.createTransform(ipSecConfig, new Binder(), BLESSED_PACKAGE);
+        IpSecService.UserRecord userRecord = mIpSecService.mUserResourceTracker.getUserRecord(mUid);
+        assertEquals(1, userRecord.mSpiQuotaTracker.mCurrent);
+        mIpSecService.releaseSecurityParameterIndex(ipSecConfig.getSpiResourceId());
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(0))
+                .ipSecDeleteSecurityAssociation(
+                        eq(mUid),
+                        anyString(),
+                        anyString(),
+                        eq(TEST_SPI),
+                        anyInt(),
+                        anyInt(),
+                        anyInt());
+        // quota is not released until the SPI is released by the Transform
+        assertEquals(1, userRecord.mSpiQuotaTracker.mCurrent);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDeleteTransform() throws Exception {
+        IpSecConfig ipSecConfig = new IpSecConfig();
+        addDefaultSpisAndRemoteAddrToIpSecConfig(ipSecConfig);
+        addAuthAndCryptToIpSecConfig(ipSecConfig);
+
+        IpSecTransformResponse createTransformResp =
+                mIpSecService.createTransform(ipSecConfig, new Binder(), BLESSED_PACKAGE);
+        mIpSecService.deleteTransform(createTransformResp.resourceId);
+
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(1))
+                .ipSecDeleteSecurityAssociation(
+                        eq(mUid),
+                        anyString(),
+                        anyString(),
+                        eq(TEST_SPI),
+                        anyInt(),
+                        anyInt(),
+                        anyInt());
+
+        // Verify quota and RefcountedResource objects cleaned up
+        IpSecService.UserRecord userRecord = mIpSecService.mUserResourceTracker.getUserRecord(mUid);
+        assertEquals(0, userRecord.mTransformQuotaTracker.mCurrent);
+        assertEquals(1, userRecord.mSpiQuotaTracker.mCurrent);
+
+        mIpSecService.releaseSecurityParameterIndex(ipSecConfig.getSpiResourceId());
+        // Verify that ipSecDeleteSa was not called when the SPI was released because the
+        // ownedByTransform property should prevent it; (note, the called count is cumulative).
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(1))
+                .ipSecDeleteSecurityAssociation(
+                        anyInt(),
+                        anyString(),
+                        anyString(),
+                        anyInt(),
+                        anyInt(),
+                        anyInt(),
+                        anyInt());
+        assertEquals(0, userRecord.mSpiQuotaTracker.mCurrent);
+
+        try {
+            userRecord.mTransformRecords.getRefcountedResourceOrThrow(
+                    createTransformResp.resourceId);
+            fail("Expected IllegalArgumentException on attempt to access deleted resource");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTransportModeTransformBinderDeath() throws Exception {
+        IpSecConfig ipSecConfig = new IpSecConfig();
+        addDefaultSpisAndRemoteAddrToIpSecConfig(ipSecConfig);
+        addAuthAndCryptToIpSecConfig(ipSecConfig);
+
+        IpSecTransformResponse createTransformResp =
+                mIpSecService.createTransform(ipSecConfig, new Binder(), BLESSED_PACKAGE);
+
+        IpSecService.UserRecord userRecord = mIpSecService.mUserResourceTracker.getUserRecord(mUid);
+        IpSecService.RefcountedResource refcountedRecord =
+                userRecord.mTransformRecords.getRefcountedResourceOrThrow(
+                        createTransformResp.resourceId);
+
+        refcountedRecord.binderDied();
+
+        verify(mMockNetd)
+                .ipSecDeleteSecurityAssociation(
+                        eq(mUid),
+                        anyString(),
+                        anyString(),
+                        eq(TEST_SPI),
+                        anyInt(),
+                        anyInt(),
+                        anyInt());
+
+        // Verify quota and RefcountedResource objects cleaned up
+        assertEquals(0, userRecord.mTransformQuotaTracker.mCurrent);
+        try {
+            userRecord.mTransformRecords.getRefcountedResourceOrThrow(
+                    createTransformResp.resourceId);
+            fail("Expected IllegalArgumentException on attempt to access deleted resource");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testApplyTransportModeTransform() throws Exception {
+        verifyApplyTransportModeTransformCommon(false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testApplyTransportModeTransformReleasedSpi() throws Exception {
+        verifyApplyTransportModeTransformCommon(true);
+    }
+
+    public void verifyApplyTransportModeTransformCommon(
+                boolean closeSpiBeforeApply) throws Exception {
+        IpSecConfig ipSecConfig = new IpSecConfig();
+        addDefaultSpisAndRemoteAddrToIpSecConfig(ipSecConfig);
+        addAuthAndCryptToIpSecConfig(ipSecConfig);
+
+        IpSecTransformResponse createTransformResp =
+                mIpSecService.createTransform(ipSecConfig, new Binder(), BLESSED_PACKAGE);
+
+        if (closeSpiBeforeApply) {
+            mIpSecService.releaseSecurityParameterIndex(ipSecConfig.getSpiResourceId());
+        }
+
+        Socket socket = new Socket();
+        socket.bind(null);
+        ParcelFileDescriptor pfd = ParcelFileDescriptor.fromSocket(socket);
+
+        int resourceId = createTransformResp.resourceId;
+        mIpSecService.applyTransportModeTransform(pfd, IpSecManager.DIRECTION_OUT, resourceId);
+
+        verify(mMockNetd)
+                .ipSecApplyTransportModeTransform(
+                        eq(pfd),
+                        eq(mUid),
+                        eq(IpSecManager.DIRECTION_OUT),
+                        anyString(),
+                        anyString(),
+                        eq(TEST_SPI));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testApplyTransportModeTransformWithClosedSpi() throws Exception {
+        IpSecConfig ipSecConfig = new IpSecConfig();
+        addDefaultSpisAndRemoteAddrToIpSecConfig(ipSecConfig);
+        addAuthAndCryptToIpSecConfig(ipSecConfig);
+
+        IpSecTransformResponse createTransformResp =
+                mIpSecService.createTransform(ipSecConfig, new Binder(), BLESSED_PACKAGE);
+
+        // Close SPI record
+        mIpSecService.releaseSecurityParameterIndex(ipSecConfig.getSpiResourceId());
+
+        Socket socket = new Socket();
+        socket.bind(null);
+        ParcelFileDescriptor pfd = ParcelFileDescriptor.fromSocket(socket);
+
+        int resourceId = createTransformResp.resourceId;
+        mIpSecService.applyTransportModeTransform(pfd, IpSecManager.DIRECTION_OUT, resourceId);
+
+        verify(mMockNetd)
+                .ipSecApplyTransportModeTransform(
+                        eq(pfd),
+                        eq(mUid),
+                        eq(IpSecManager.DIRECTION_OUT),
+                        anyString(),
+                        anyString(),
+                        eq(TEST_SPI));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRemoveTransportModeTransform() throws Exception {
+        Socket socket = new Socket();
+        socket.bind(null);
+        ParcelFileDescriptor pfd = ParcelFileDescriptor.fromSocket(socket);
+        mIpSecService.removeTransportModeTransforms(pfd);
+
+        verify(mMockNetd).ipSecRemoveTransportModeTransform(pfd);
+    }
+
+    private IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse createAndValidateTunnel(
+            String localAddr, String remoteAddr, String pkgName) throws Exception {
+        final InterfaceConfigurationParcel config = new InterfaceConfigurationParcel();
+        config.flags = new String[] {IF_STATE_DOWN};
+        when(mMockNetd.interfaceGetCfg(anyString())).thenReturn(config);
+        IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse createTunnelResp =
+                mIpSecService.createTunnelInterface(
+                        mSourceAddr, mDestinationAddr, fakeNetwork, new Binder(), pkgName);
+
+        assertNotNull(createTunnelResp);
+        assertEquals(IpSecManager.Status.OK, createTunnelResp.status);
+        for (int direction : new int[] {DIRECTION_IN, DIRECTION_OUT, DIRECTION_FWD}) {
+            for (int selAddrFamily : ADDRESS_FAMILIES) {
+                verify(mMockNetd).ipSecAddSecurityPolicy(
+                        eq(mUid),
+                        eq(selAddrFamily),
+                        eq(direction),
+                        anyString(),
+                        anyString(),
+                        eq(0),
+                        anyInt(), // iKey/oKey
+                        anyInt(), // mask
+                        eq(createTunnelResp.resourceId));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return createTunnelResp;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateTunnelInterface() throws Exception {
+        IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse createTunnelResp =
+                createAndValidateTunnel(mSourceAddr, mDestinationAddr, BLESSED_PACKAGE);
+
+        // Check that we have stored the tracking object, and retrieve it
+        IpSecService.UserRecord userRecord = mIpSecService.mUserResourceTracker.getUserRecord(mUid);
+        IpSecService.RefcountedResource refcountedRecord =
+                userRecord.mTunnelInterfaceRecords.getRefcountedResourceOrThrow(
+                        createTunnelResp.resourceId);
+
+        assertEquals(1, userRecord.mTunnelQuotaTracker.mCurrent);
+        verify(mMockNetd)
+                .ipSecAddTunnelInterface(
+                        eq(createTunnelResp.interfaceName),
+                        eq(mSourceAddr),
+                        eq(mDestinationAddr),
+                        anyInt(),
+                        anyInt(),
+                        anyInt());
+        verify(mMockNetd).interfaceSetCfg(argThat(
+                config -> Arrays.asList(config.flags).contains(IF_STATE_UP)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDeleteTunnelInterface() throws Exception {
+        IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse createTunnelResp =
+                createAndValidateTunnel(mSourceAddr, mDestinationAddr, BLESSED_PACKAGE);
+
+        IpSecService.UserRecord userRecord = mIpSecService.mUserResourceTracker.getUserRecord(mUid);
+
+        mIpSecService.deleteTunnelInterface(createTunnelResp.resourceId, BLESSED_PACKAGE);
+
+        // Verify quota and RefcountedResource objects cleaned up
+        assertEquals(0, userRecord.mTunnelQuotaTracker.mCurrent);
+        verify(mMockNetd).ipSecRemoveTunnelInterface(eq(createTunnelResp.interfaceName));
+        try {
+            userRecord.mTunnelInterfaceRecords.getRefcountedResourceOrThrow(
+                    createTunnelResp.resourceId);
+            fail("Expected IllegalArgumentException on attempt to access deleted resource");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Network createFakeUnderlyingNetwork(String interfaceName) {
+        final Network fakeNetwork = new Network(1000);
+        final LinkProperties fakeLp = new LinkProperties();
+        fakeLp.setInterfaceName(interfaceName);
+        when(mMockConnectivityMgr.getLinkProperties(eq(fakeNetwork))).thenReturn(fakeLp);
+        return fakeNetwork;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetNetworkForTunnelInterface() throws Exception {
+        final IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse createTunnelResp =
+                createAndValidateTunnel(mSourceAddr, mDestinationAddr, BLESSED_PACKAGE);
+        final Network newFakeNetwork = createFakeUnderlyingNetwork("newFakeNetworkInterface");
+        final int tunnelIfaceResourceId = createTunnelResp.resourceId;
+        mIpSecService.setNetworkForTunnelInterface(
+                tunnelIfaceResourceId, newFakeNetwork, BLESSED_PACKAGE);
+
+        final IpSecService.UserRecord userRecord =
+                mIpSecService.mUserResourceTracker.getUserRecord(mUid);
+        assertEquals(1, userRecord.mTunnelQuotaTracker.mCurrent);
+
+        final TunnelInterfaceRecord tunnelInterfaceInfo =
+                userRecord.mTunnelInterfaceRecords.getResourceOrThrow(tunnelIfaceResourceId);
+        assertEquals(newFakeNetwork, tunnelInterfaceInfo.getUnderlyingNetwork());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetNetworkForTunnelInterfaceFailsForInvalidResourceId() throws Exception {
+        final IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse createTunnelResp =
+                createAndValidateTunnel(mSourceAddr, mDestinationAddr, BLESSED_PACKAGE);
+        final Network newFakeNetwork = new Network(1000);
+
+        try {
+            mIpSecService.setNetworkForTunnelInterface(
+                    IpSecManager.INVALID_RESOURCE_ID, newFakeNetwork, BLESSED_PACKAGE);
+            fail("Expected an IllegalArgumentException for invalid resource ID.");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetNetworkForTunnelInterfaceFailsWhenSettingTunnelNetwork() throws Exception {
+        final IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse createTunnelResp =
+                createAndValidateTunnel(mSourceAddr, mDestinationAddr, BLESSED_PACKAGE);
+        final int tunnelIfaceResourceId = createTunnelResp.resourceId;
+        final IpSecService.UserRecord userRecord =
+                mIpSecService.mUserResourceTracker.getUserRecord(mUid);
+        final TunnelInterfaceRecord tunnelInterfaceInfo =
+                userRecord.mTunnelInterfaceRecords.getResourceOrThrow(tunnelIfaceResourceId);
+
+        final Network newFakeNetwork =
+                createFakeUnderlyingNetwork(tunnelInterfaceInfo.getInterfaceName());
+
+        try {
+            mIpSecService.setNetworkForTunnelInterface(
+                    tunnelIfaceResourceId, newFakeNetwork, BLESSED_PACKAGE);
+            fail(
+                    "Expected an IllegalArgumentException because the underlying network is the"
+                            + " network being exposed by this tunnel.");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTunnelInterfaceBinderDeath() throws Exception {
+        IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse createTunnelResp =
+                createAndValidateTunnel(mSourceAddr, mDestinationAddr, BLESSED_PACKAGE);
+
+        IpSecService.UserRecord userRecord = mIpSecService.mUserResourceTracker.getUserRecord(mUid);
+        IpSecService.RefcountedResource refcountedRecord =
+                userRecord.mTunnelInterfaceRecords.getRefcountedResourceOrThrow(
+                        createTunnelResp.resourceId);
+
+        refcountedRecord.binderDied();
+
+        // Verify quota and RefcountedResource objects cleaned up
+        assertEquals(0, userRecord.mTunnelQuotaTracker.mCurrent);
+        verify(mMockNetd).ipSecRemoveTunnelInterface(eq(createTunnelResp.interfaceName));
+        try {
+            userRecord.mTunnelInterfaceRecords.getRefcountedResourceOrThrow(
+                    createTunnelResp.resourceId);
+            fail("Expected IllegalArgumentException on attempt to access deleted resource");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testApplyTunnelModeTransformOutbound() throws Exception {
+        verifyApplyTunnelModeTransformCommon(false /* closeSpiBeforeApply */, DIRECTION_OUT);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testApplyTunnelModeTransformOutboundNonNetworkStack() throws Exception {
+        mTestContext.setAllowedPermissions(android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS);
+        verifyApplyTunnelModeTransformCommon(false /* closeSpiBeforeApply */, DIRECTION_OUT);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testApplyTunnelModeTransformOutboundReleasedSpi() throws Exception {
+        verifyApplyTunnelModeTransformCommon(true /* closeSpiBeforeApply */, DIRECTION_OUT);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testApplyTunnelModeTransformInbound() throws Exception {
+        verifyApplyTunnelModeTransformCommon(true /* closeSpiBeforeApply */, DIRECTION_IN);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testApplyTunnelModeTransformInboundNonNetworkStack() throws Exception {
+        mTestContext.setAllowedPermissions(android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS);
+        verifyApplyTunnelModeTransformCommon(true /* closeSpiBeforeApply */, DIRECTION_IN);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testApplyTunnelModeTransformForward() throws Exception {
+        verifyApplyTunnelModeTransformCommon(true /* closeSpiBeforeApply */, DIRECTION_FWD);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testApplyTunnelModeTransformForwardNonNetworkStack() throws Exception {
+        mTestContext.setAllowedPermissions(android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS);
+
+        try {
+            verifyApplyTunnelModeTransformCommon(true /* closeSpiBeforeApply */, DIRECTION_FWD);
+            fail("Expected security exception due to use of forward policies without NETWORK_STACK"
+                     + " or MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK permission");
+        } catch (SecurityException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void verifyApplyTunnelModeTransformCommon(boolean closeSpiBeforeApply, int direction)
+            throws Exception {
+        IpSecConfig ipSecConfig = new IpSecConfig();
+        ipSecConfig.setMode(IpSecTransform.MODE_TUNNEL);
+        addDefaultSpisAndRemoteAddrToIpSecConfig(ipSecConfig);
+        addAuthAndCryptToIpSecConfig(ipSecConfig);
+
+        IpSecTransformResponse createTransformResp =
+                mIpSecService.createTransform(ipSecConfig, new Binder(), BLESSED_PACKAGE);
+        IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse createTunnelResp =
+                createAndValidateTunnel(mSourceAddr, mDestinationAddr, BLESSED_PACKAGE);
+
+        if (closeSpiBeforeApply) {
+            mIpSecService.releaseSecurityParameterIndex(ipSecConfig.getSpiResourceId());
+        }
+
+        int transformResourceId = createTransformResp.resourceId;
+        int tunnelResourceId = createTunnelResp.resourceId;
+        mIpSecService.applyTunnelModeTransform(
+                tunnelResourceId, direction, transformResourceId, BLESSED_PACKAGE);
+
+        for (int selAddrFamily : ADDRESS_FAMILIES) {
+            verify(mMockNetd)
+                    .ipSecUpdateSecurityPolicy(
+                            eq(mUid),
+                            eq(selAddrFamily),
+                            eq(direction),
+                            anyString(),
+                            anyString(),
+                            eq(direction == DIRECTION_OUT ? TEST_SPI : 0),
+                            anyInt(), // iKey/oKey
+                            anyInt(), // mask
+                            eq(tunnelResourceId));
+        }
+
+        ipSecConfig.setXfrmInterfaceId(tunnelResourceId);
+        verifyTransformNetdCalledForCreatingSA(ipSecConfig, createTransformResp);
+    }
+
+
+    @Test
+    public void testApplyTunnelModeTransformWithClosedSpi() throws Exception {
+        IpSecConfig ipSecConfig = new IpSecConfig();
+        ipSecConfig.setMode(IpSecTransform.MODE_TUNNEL);
+        addDefaultSpisAndRemoteAddrToIpSecConfig(ipSecConfig);
+        addAuthAndCryptToIpSecConfig(ipSecConfig);
+
+        IpSecTransformResponse createTransformResp =
+                mIpSecService.createTransform(ipSecConfig, new Binder(), BLESSED_PACKAGE);
+        IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse createTunnelResp =
+                createAndValidateTunnel(mSourceAddr, mDestinationAddr, BLESSED_PACKAGE);
+
+        // Close SPI record
+        mIpSecService.releaseSecurityParameterIndex(ipSecConfig.getSpiResourceId());
+
+        int transformResourceId = createTransformResp.resourceId;
+        int tunnelResourceId = createTunnelResp.resourceId;
+        mIpSecService.applyTunnelModeTransform(
+                tunnelResourceId, IpSecManager.DIRECTION_OUT, transformResourceId, BLESSED_PACKAGE);
+
+        for (int selAddrFamily : ADDRESS_FAMILIES) {
+            verify(mMockNetd)
+                    .ipSecUpdateSecurityPolicy(
+                            eq(mUid),
+                            eq(selAddrFamily),
+                            eq(IpSecManager.DIRECTION_OUT),
+                            anyString(),
+                            anyString(),
+                            eq(TEST_SPI),
+                            anyInt(), // iKey/oKey
+                            anyInt(), // mask
+                            eq(tunnelResourceId));
+        }
+
+        ipSecConfig.setXfrmInterfaceId(tunnelResourceId);
+        verifyTransformNetdCalledForCreatingSA(ipSecConfig, createTransformResp);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAddRemoveAddressFromTunnelInterface() throws Exception {
+        for (String pkgName : new String[] {BLESSED_PACKAGE, SYSTEM_PACKAGE}) {
+            IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse createTunnelResp =
+                    createAndValidateTunnel(mSourceAddr, mDestinationAddr, pkgName);
+            mIpSecService.addAddressToTunnelInterface(
+                    createTunnelResp.resourceId, mLocalInnerAddress, pkgName);
+            verify(mMockNetd, times(1))
+                    .interfaceAddAddress(
+                            eq(createTunnelResp.interfaceName),
+                            eq(mLocalInnerAddress.getAddress().getHostAddress()),
+                            eq(mLocalInnerAddress.getPrefixLength()));
+            mIpSecService.removeAddressFromTunnelInterface(
+                    createTunnelResp.resourceId, mLocalInnerAddress, pkgName);
+            verify(mMockNetd, times(1))
+                    .interfaceDelAddress(
+                            eq(createTunnelResp.interfaceName),
+                            eq(mLocalInnerAddress.getAddress().getHostAddress()),
+                            eq(mLocalInnerAddress.getPrefixLength()));
+            mIpSecService.deleteTunnelInterface(createTunnelResp.resourceId, pkgName);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Ignore
+    @Test
+    public void testAddTunnelFailsForBadPackageName() throws Exception {
+        try {
+            IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse createTunnelResp =
+                    createAndValidateTunnel(mSourceAddr, mDestinationAddr, BAD_PACKAGE);
+            fail("Expected a SecurityException for badPackage.");
+        } catch (SecurityException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFeatureFlagVerification() throws Exception {
+        when(mMockPkgMgr.hasSystemFeature(eq(PackageManager.FEATURE_IPSEC_TUNNELS)))
+                .thenReturn(false);
+
+        try {
+            String addr = Inet4Address.getLoopbackAddress().getHostAddress();
+            mIpSecService.createTunnelInterface(
+                    addr, addr, new Network(0), new Binder(), BLESSED_PACKAGE);
+            fail("Expected UnsupportedOperationException for disabled feature");
+        } catch (UnsupportedOperationException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/IpSecServiceRefcountedResourceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/IpSecServiceRefcountedResourceTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c7ca6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/IpSecServiceRefcountedResourceTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyInt;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyObject;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doThrow;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.spy;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.server.IpSecService.IResource;
+import com.android.server.IpSecService.RefcountedResource;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom;
+
+/** Unit tests for {@link IpSecService.RefcountedResource}. */
+@SmallTest
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class IpSecServiceRefcountedResourceTest {
+    Context mMockContext;
+    IpSecService.Dependencies mMockDeps;
+    IpSecService mIpSecService;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        mMockContext = mock(Context.class);
+        mMockDeps = mock(IpSecService.Dependencies.class);
+        mIpSecService = new IpSecService(mMockContext, mMockDeps);
+    }
+
+    private void assertResourceState(
+            RefcountedResource<IResource> resource,
+            int refCount,
+            int userReleaseCallCount,
+            int releaseReferenceCallCount,
+            int invalidateCallCount,
+            int freeUnderlyingResourcesCallCount)
+            throws RemoteException {
+        // Check refcount on RefcountedResource
+        assertEquals(refCount, resource.mRefCount);
+
+        // Check call count of RefcountedResource
+        verify(resource, times(userReleaseCallCount)).userRelease();
+        verify(resource, times(releaseReferenceCallCount)).releaseReference();
+
+        // Check call count of IResource
+        verify(resource.getResource(), times(invalidateCallCount)).invalidate();
+        verify(resource.getResource(), times(freeUnderlyingResourcesCallCount))
+                .freeUnderlyingResources();
+    }
+
+    /** Adds mockito instrumentation */
+    private RefcountedResource<IResource> getTestRefcountedResource(
+            RefcountedResource... children) {
+        return getTestRefcountedResource(new Binder(), children);
+    }
+
+    /** Adds mockito instrumentation with provided binder */
+    private RefcountedResource<IResource> getTestRefcountedResource(
+            IBinder binder, RefcountedResource... children) {
+        return spy(
+                mIpSecService
+                .new RefcountedResource<IResource>(mock(IResource.class), binder, children));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConstructor() throws RemoteException {
+        IBinder binderMock = mock(IBinder.class);
+        RefcountedResource<IResource> resource = getTestRefcountedResource(binderMock);
+
+        // Verify resource's refcount starts at 1 (for user-reference)
+        assertResourceState(resource, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+
+        // Verify linking to binder death
+        verify(binderMock).linkToDeath(anyObject(), anyInt());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConstructorWithChildren() throws RemoteException {
+        IBinder binderMockChild = mock(IBinder.class);
+        IBinder binderMockParent = mock(IBinder.class);
+        RefcountedResource<IResource> childResource = getTestRefcountedResource(binderMockChild);
+        RefcountedResource<IResource> parentResource =
+                getTestRefcountedResource(binderMockParent, childResource);
+
+        // Verify parent's refcount starts at 1 (for user-reference)
+        assertResourceState(parentResource, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+
+        // Verify child's refcounts were incremented
+        assertResourceState(childResource, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+
+        // Verify linking to binder death
+        verify(binderMockChild).linkToDeath(anyObject(), anyInt());
+        verify(binderMockParent).linkToDeath(anyObject(), anyInt());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFailLinkToDeath() throws RemoteException {
+        IBinder binderMock = mock(IBinder.class);
+        doThrow(new RemoteException()).when(binderMock).linkToDeath(anyObject(), anyInt());
+
+        try {
+            getTestRefcountedResource(binderMock);
+            fail("Expected exception to propogate when binder fails to link to death");
+        } catch (RuntimeException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCleanupAndRelease() throws RemoteException {
+        IBinder binderMock = mock(IBinder.class);
+        RefcountedResource<IResource> refcountedResource = getTestRefcountedResource(binderMock);
+
+        // Verify user-initiated cleanup path decrements refcount and calls full cleanup flow
+        refcountedResource.userRelease();
+        assertResourceState(refcountedResource, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1);
+
+        // Verify user-initated cleanup path unlinks from binder
+        verify(binderMock).unlinkToDeath(eq(refcountedResource), eq(0));
+        assertNull(refcountedResource.mBinder);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMultipleCallsToCleanupAndRelease() throws RemoteException {
+        RefcountedResource<IResource> refcountedResource = getTestRefcountedResource();
+
+        // Verify calling userRelease multiple times does not trigger any other cleanup
+        // methods
+        refcountedResource.userRelease();
+        assertResourceState(refcountedResource, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1);
+
+        refcountedResource.userRelease();
+        refcountedResource.userRelease();
+        assertResourceState(refcountedResource, -1, 3, 1, 1, 1);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBinderDeathAfterCleanupAndReleaseDoesNothing() throws RemoteException {
+        RefcountedResource<IResource> refcountedResource = getTestRefcountedResource();
+
+        refcountedResource.userRelease();
+        assertResourceState(refcountedResource, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1);
+
+        // Verify binder death call does not trigger any other cleanup methods if called after
+        // userRelease()
+        refcountedResource.binderDied();
+        assertResourceState(refcountedResource, -1, 2, 1, 1, 1);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBinderDeath() throws RemoteException {
+        RefcountedResource<IResource> refcountedResource = getTestRefcountedResource();
+
+        // Verify binder death caused cleanup
+        refcountedResource.binderDied();
+        verify(refcountedResource, times(1)).binderDied();
+        assertResourceState(refcountedResource, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1);
+        assertNull(refcountedResource.mBinder);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCleanupParentDecrementsChildRefcount() throws RemoteException {
+        RefcountedResource<IResource> childResource = getTestRefcountedResource();
+        RefcountedResource<IResource> parentResource = getTestRefcountedResource(childResource);
+
+        parentResource.userRelease();
+
+        // Verify parent gets cleaned up properly, and triggers releaseReference on
+        // child
+        assertResourceState(childResource, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0);
+        assertResourceState(parentResource, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCleanupReferencedChildDoesNotTriggerRelease() throws RemoteException {
+        RefcountedResource<IResource> childResource = getTestRefcountedResource();
+        RefcountedResource<IResource> parentResource = getTestRefcountedResource(childResource);
+
+        childResource.userRelease();
+
+        // Verify that child does not clean up kernel resources and quota.
+        assertResourceState(childResource, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0);
+        assertResourceState(parentResource, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTwoParents() throws RemoteException {
+        RefcountedResource<IResource> childResource = getTestRefcountedResource();
+        RefcountedResource<IResource> parentResource1 = getTestRefcountedResource(childResource);
+        RefcountedResource<IResource> parentResource2 = getTestRefcountedResource(childResource);
+
+        // Verify that child does not cleanup kernel resources and quota until all references
+        // have been released. Assumption: parents release correctly based on
+        // testCleanupParentDecrementsChildRefcount()
+        childResource.userRelease();
+        assertResourceState(childResource, 2, 1, 1, 1, 0);
+
+        parentResource1.userRelease();
+        assertResourceState(childResource, 1, 1, 2, 1, 0);
+
+        parentResource2.userRelease();
+        assertResourceState(childResource, -1, 1, 3, 1, 1);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTwoChildren() throws RemoteException {
+        RefcountedResource<IResource> childResource1 = getTestRefcountedResource();
+        RefcountedResource<IResource> childResource2 = getTestRefcountedResource();
+        RefcountedResource<IResource> parentResource =
+                getTestRefcountedResource(childResource1, childResource2);
+
+        childResource1.userRelease();
+        assertResourceState(childResource1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0);
+        assertResourceState(childResource2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+
+        parentResource.userRelease();
+        assertResourceState(childResource1, -1, 1, 2, 1, 1);
+        assertResourceState(childResource2, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0);
+
+        childResource2.userRelease();
+        assertResourceState(childResource1, -1, 1, 2, 1, 1);
+        assertResourceState(childResource2, -1, 1, 2, 1, 1);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSampleUdpEncapTranform() throws RemoteException {
+        RefcountedResource<IResource> spi1 = getTestRefcountedResource();
+        RefcountedResource<IResource> spi2 = getTestRefcountedResource();
+        RefcountedResource<IResource> udpEncapSocket = getTestRefcountedResource();
+        RefcountedResource<IResource> transform =
+                getTestRefcountedResource(spi1, spi2, udpEncapSocket);
+
+        // Pretend one SPI goes out of reference (releaseManagedResource -> userRelease)
+        spi1.userRelease();
+
+        // User called releaseManagedResource on udpEncap socket
+        udpEncapSocket.userRelease();
+
+        // User dies, and binder kills the rest
+        spi2.binderDied();
+        transform.binderDied();
+
+        // Check resource states
+        assertResourceState(spi1, -1, 1, 2, 1, 1);
+        assertResourceState(spi2, -1, 1, 2, 1, 1);
+        assertResourceState(udpEncapSocket, -1, 1, 2, 1, 1);
+        assertResourceState(transform, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSampleDualTransformEncapSocket() throws RemoteException {
+        RefcountedResource<IResource> spi1 = getTestRefcountedResource();
+        RefcountedResource<IResource> spi2 = getTestRefcountedResource();
+        RefcountedResource<IResource> spi3 = getTestRefcountedResource();
+        RefcountedResource<IResource> spi4 = getTestRefcountedResource();
+        RefcountedResource<IResource> udpEncapSocket = getTestRefcountedResource();
+        RefcountedResource<IResource> transform1 =
+                getTestRefcountedResource(spi1, spi2, udpEncapSocket);
+        RefcountedResource<IResource> transform2 =
+                getTestRefcountedResource(spi3, spi4, udpEncapSocket);
+
+        // Pretend one SPIs goes out of reference (releaseManagedResource -> userRelease)
+        spi1.userRelease();
+
+        // User called releaseManagedResource on udpEncap socket and spi4
+        udpEncapSocket.userRelease();
+        spi4.userRelease();
+
+        // User dies, and binder kills the rest
+        spi2.binderDied();
+        spi3.binderDied();
+        transform2.binderDied();
+        transform1.binderDied();
+
+        // Check resource states
+        assertResourceState(spi1, -1, 1, 2, 1, 1);
+        assertResourceState(spi2, -1, 1, 2, 1, 1);
+        assertResourceState(spi3, -1, 1, 2, 1, 1);
+        assertResourceState(spi4, -1, 1, 2, 1, 1);
+        assertResourceState(udpEncapSocket, -1, 1, 3, 1, 1);
+        assertResourceState(transform1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1);
+        assertResourceState(transform2, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void fuzzTest() throws RemoteException {
+        List<RefcountedResource<IResource>> resources = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        // Build a tree of resources
+        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+            // Choose a random number of children from the existing list
+            int numChildren = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(0, resources.size() + 1);
+
+            // Build a (random) list of children
+            Set<RefcountedResource<IResource>> children = new HashSet<>();
+            for (int j = 0; j < numChildren; j++) {
+                int childIndex = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(0, resources.size());
+                children.add(resources.get(childIndex));
+            }
+
+            RefcountedResource<IResource> newRefcountedResource =
+                    getTestRefcountedResource(
+                            children.toArray(new RefcountedResource[children.size()]));
+            resources.add(newRefcountedResource);
+        }
+
+        // Cleanup all resources in a random order
+        List<RefcountedResource<IResource>> clonedResources =
+                new ArrayList<>(resources); // shallow copy
+        while (!clonedResources.isEmpty()) {
+            int index = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(0, clonedResources.size());
+            RefcountedResource<IResource> refcountedResource = clonedResources.get(index);
+            refcountedResource.userRelease();
+            clonedResources.remove(index);
+        }
+
+        // Verify all resources were cleaned up properly
+        for (RefcountedResource<IResource> refcountedResource : resources) {
+            assertEquals(-1, refcountedResource.mRefCount);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/IpSecServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/IpSecServiceTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e6b157
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/IpSecServiceTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,673 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server;
+
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.EADDRINUSE;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_DGRAM;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyInt;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyString;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.argThat;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.INetd;
+import android.net.IpSecAlgorithm;
+import android.net.IpSecConfig;
+import android.net.IpSecManager;
+import android.net.IpSecSpiResponse;
+import android.net.IpSecUdpEncapResponse;
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.os.Process;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.system.Os;
+import android.system.StructStat;
+import android.util.Range;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import dalvik.system.SocketTagger;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatcher;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.ServerSocket;
+import java.net.Socket;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/** Unit tests for {@link IpSecService}. */
+@SmallTest
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class IpSecServiceTest {
+
+    private static final int DROID_SPI = 0xD1201D;
+    private static final int MAX_NUM_ENCAP_SOCKETS = 100;
+    private static final int MAX_NUM_SPIS = 100;
+    private static final int TEST_UDP_ENCAP_INVALID_PORT = 100;
+    private static final int TEST_UDP_ENCAP_PORT_OUT_RANGE = 100000;
+
+    private static final InetAddress INADDR_ANY;
+
+    private static final byte[] AEAD_KEY = {
+        0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+        0x08, 0x09, 0x0A, 0x0B, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0x0E, 0x0F,
+        0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17,
+        0x18, 0x19, 0x1A, 0x1B, 0x1C, 0x1D, 0x1E, 0x1F,
+        0x73, 0x61, 0x6C, 0x74
+    };
+    private static final byte[] CRYPT_KEY = {
+        0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+        0x08, 0x09, 0x0A, 0x0B, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0x0E, 0x0F,
+        0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17,
+        0x18, 0x19, 0x1A, 0x1B, 0x1C, 0x1D, 0x1E, 0x1F
+    };
+    private static final byte[] AUTH_KEY = {
+        0x7A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7F,
+        0x7A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7F
+    };
+
+    private static final IpSecAlgorithm AUTH_ALGO =
+            new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA256, AUTH_KEY, AUTH_KEY.length * 4);
+    private static final IpSecAlgorithm CRYPT_ALGO =
+            new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+    private static final IpSecAlgorithm AEAD_ALGO =
+            new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, AEAD_KEY, 128);
+
+    static {
+        try {
+            INADDR_ANY = InetAddress.getByAddress(new byte[] {0, 0, 0, 0});
+        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    Context mMockContext;
+    INetd mMockNetd;
+    IpSecService.Dependencies mDeps;
+    IpSecService mIpSecService;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        mMockContext = mock(Context.class);
+        mMockNetd = mock(INetd.class);
+        mDeps = makeDependencies();
+        mIpSecService = new IpSecService(mMockContext, mDeps);
+        assertNotNull(mIpSecService);
+    }
+
+    private IpSecService.Dependencies makeDependencies() throws RemoteException {
+        final IpSecService.Dependencies deps = mock(IpSecService.Dependencies.class);
+        when(deps.getNetdInstance(mMockContext)).thenReturn(mMockNetd);
+        return deps;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReleaseInvalidSecurityParameterIndex() throws Exception {
+        try {
+            mIpSecService.releaseSecurityParameterIndex(1);
+            fail("IllegalArgumentException not thrown");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** This function finds an available port */
+    int findUnusedPort() throws Exception {
+        // Get an available port.
+        ServerSocket s = new ServerSocket(0);
+        int port = s.getLocalPort();
+        s.close();
+        return port;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOpenAndCloseUdpEncapsulationSocket() throws Exception {
+        int localport = -1;
+        IpSecUdpEncapResponse udpEncapResp = null;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < IpSecService.MAX_PORT_BIND_ATTEMPTS; i++) {
+            localport = findUnusedPort();
+
+            udpEncapResp = mIpSecService.openUdpEncapsulationSocket(localport, new Binder());
+            assertNotNull(udpEncapResp);
+            if (udpEncapResp.status == IpSecManager.Status.OK) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // Else retry to reduce possibility for port-bind failures.
+        }
+
+        assertNotNull(udpEncapResp);
+        assertEquals(IpSecManager.Status.OK, udpEncapResp.status);
+        assertEquals(localport, udpEncapResp.port);
+
+        mIpSecService.closeUdpEncapsulationSocket(udpEncapResp.resourceId);
+        udpEncapResp.fileDescriptor.close();
+
+        // Verify quota and RefcountedResource objects cleaned up
+        IpSecService.UserRecord userRecord =
+                mIpSecService.mUserResourceTracker.getUserRecord(Os.getuid());
+        assertEquals(0, userRecord.mSocketQuotaTracker.mCurrent);
+        try {
+            userRecord.mEncapSocketRecords.getRefcountedResourceOrThrow(udpEncapResp.resourceId);
+            fail("Expected IllegalArgumentException on attempt to access deleted resource");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUdpEncapsulationSocketBinderDeath() throws Exception {
+        IpSecUdpEncapResponse udpEncapResp =
+                mIpSecService.openUdpEncapsulationSocket(0, new Binder());
+
+        IpSecService.UserRecord userRecord =
+                mIpSecService.mUserResourceTracker.getUserRecord(Os.getuid());
+        IpSecService.RefcountedResource refcountedRecord =
+                userRecord.mEncapSocketRecords.getRefcountedResourceOrThrow(
+                        udpEncapResp.resourceId);
+
+        refcountedRecord.binderDied();
+
+        // Verify quota and RefcountedResource objects cleaned up
+        assertEquals(0, userRecord.mSocketQuotaTracker.mCurrent);
+        try {
+            userRecord.mEncapSocketRecords.getRefcountedResourceOrThrow(udpEncapResp.resourceId);
+            fail("Expected IllegalArgumentException on attempt to access deleted resource");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOpenUdpEncapsulationSocketAfterClose() throws Exception {
+        IpSecUdpEncapResponse udpEncapResp =
+                mIpSecService.openUdpEncapsulationSocket(0, new Binder());
+        assertNotNull(udpEncapResp);
+        assertEquals(IpSecManager.Status.OK, udpEncapResp.status);
+        int localport = udpEncapResp.port;
+
+        mIpSecService.closeUdpEncapsulationSocket(udpEncapResp.resourceId);
+        udpEncapResp.fileDescriptor.close();
+
+        /** Check if localport is available. */
+        FileDescriptor newSocket = Os.socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
+        Os.bind(newSocket, INADDR_ANY, localport);
+        Os.close(newSocket);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This function checks if the IpSecService holds the reserved port. If
+     * closeUdpEncapsulationSocket is not called, the socket cleanup should not be complete.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testUdpEncapPortNotReleased() throws Exception {
+        IpSecUdpEncapResponse udpEncapResp =
+                mIpSecService.openUdpEncapsulationSocket(0, new Binder());
+        assertNotNull(udpEncapResp);
+        assertEquals(IpSecManager.Status.OK, udpEncapResp.status);
+        int localport = udpEncapResp.port;
+
+        udpEncapResp.fileDescriptor.close();
+
+        FileDescriptor newSocket = Os.socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
+        try {
+            Os.bind(newSocket, INADDR_ANY, localport);
+            fail("ErrnoException not thrown");
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            assertEquals(EADDRINUSE, e.errno);
+        }
+        mIpSecService.closeUdpEncapsulationSocket(udpEncapResp.resourceId);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOpenUdpEncapsulationSocketOnRandomPort() throws Exception {
+        IpSecUdpEncapResponse udpEncapResp =
+                mIpSecService.openUdpEncapsulationSocket(0, new Binder());
+        assertNotNull(udpEncapResp);
+        assertEquals(IpSecManager.Status.OK, udpEncapResp.status);
+        assertNotEquals(0, udpEncapResp.port);
+        mIpSecService.closeUdpEncapsulationSocket(udpEncapResp.resourceId);
+        udpEncapResp.fileDescriptor.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOpenUdpEncapsulationSocketPortRange() throws Exception {
+        try {
+            mIpSecService.openUdpEncapsulationSocket(TEST_UDP_ENCAP_INVALID_PORT, new Binder());
+            fail("IllegalArgumentException not thrown");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+        }
+
+        try {
+            mIpSecService.openUdpEncapsulationSocket(TEST_UDP_ENCAP_PORT_OUT_RANGE, new Binder());
+            fail("IllegalArgumentException not thrown");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOpenUdpEncapsulationSocketTwice() throws Exception {
+        IpSecUdpEncapResponse udpEncapResp =
+                mIpSecService.openUdpEncapsulationSocket(0, new Binder());
+        assertNotNull(udpEncapResp);
+        assertEquals(IpSecManager.Status.OK, udpEncapResp.status);
+        int localport = udpEncapResp.port;
+
+        IpSecUdpEncapResponse testUdpEncapResp =
+                mIpSecService.openUdpEncapsulationSocket(localport, new Binder());
+        assertEquals(IpSecManager.Status.RESOURCE_UNAVAILABLE, testUdpEncapResp.status);
+
+        mIpSecService.closeUdpEncapsulationSocket(udpEncapResp.resourceId);
+        udpEncapResp.fileDescriptor.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCloseInvalidUdpEncapsulationSocket() throws Exception {
+        try {
+            mIpSecService.closeUdpEncapsulationSocket(1);
+            fail("IllegalArgumentException not thrown");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testValidateAlgorithmsAuth() {
+        // Validate that correct algorithm type succeeds
+        IpSecConfig config = new IpSecConfig();
+        config.setAuthentication(AUTH_ALGO);
+        mIpSecService.validateAlgorithms(config);
+
+        // Validate that incorrect algorithm types fails
+        for (IpSecAlgorithm algo : new IpSecAlgorithm[] {CRYPT_ALGO, AEAD_ALGO}) {
+            try {
+                config = new IpSecConfig();
+                config.setAuthentication(algo);
+                mIpSecService.validateAlgorithms(config);
+                fail("Did not throw exception on invalid algorithm type");
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testValidateAlgorithmsCrypt() {
+        // Validate that correct algorithm type succeeds
+        IpSecConfig config = new IpSecConfig();
+        config.setEncryption(CRYPT_ALGO);
+        mIpSecService.validateAlgorithms(config);
+
+        // Validate that incorrect algorithm types fails
+        for (IpSecAlgorithm algo : new IpSecAlgorithm[] {AUTH_ALGO, AEAD_ALGO}) {
+            try {
+                config = new IpSecConfig();
+                config.setEncryption(algo);
+                mIpSecService.validateAlgorithms(config);
+                fail("Did not throw exception on invalid algorithm type");
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testValidateAlgorithmsAead() {
+        // Validate that correct algorithm type succeeds
+        IpSecConfig config = new IpSecConfig();
+        config.setAuthenticatedEncryption(AEAD_ALGO);
+        mIpSecService.validateAlgorithms(config);
+
+        // Validate that incorrect algorithm types fails
+        for (IpSecAlgorithm algo : new IpSecAlgorithm[] {AUTH_ALGO, CRYPT_ALGO}) {
+            try {
+                config = new IpSecConfig();
+                config.setAuthenticatedEncryption(algo);
+                mIpSecService.validateAlgorithms(config);
+                fail("Did not throw exception on invalid algorithm type");
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testValidateAlgorithmsAuthCrypt() {
+        // Validate that correct algorithm type succeeds
+        IpSecConfig config = new IpSecConfig();
+        config.setAuthentication(AUTH_ALGO);
+        config.setEncryption(CRYPT_ALGO);
+        mIpSecService.validateAlgorithms(config);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testValidateAlgorithmsNoAlgorithms() {
+        IpSecConfig config = new IpSecConfig();
+        try {
+            mIpSecService.validateAlgorithms(config);
+            fail("Expected exception; no algorithms specified");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testValidateAlgorithmsAeadWithAuth() {
+        IpSecConfig config = new IpSecConfig();
+        config.setAuthenticatedEncryption(AEAD_ALGO);
+        config.setAuthentication(AUTH_ALGO);
+        try {
+            mIpSecService.validateAlgorithms(config);
+            fail("Expected exception; both AEAD and auth algorithm specified");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testValidateAlgorithmsAeadWithCrypt() {
+        IpSecConfig config = new IpSecConfig();
+        config.setAuthenticatedEncryption(AEAD_ALGO);
+        config.setEncryption(CRYPT_ALGO);
+        try {
+            mIpSecService.validateAlgorithms(config);
+            fail("Expected exception; both AEAD and crypt algorithm specified");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testValidateAlgorithmsAeadWithAuthAndCrypt() {
+        IpSecConfig config = new IpSecConfig();
+        config.setAuthenticatedEncryption(AEAD_ALGO);
+        config.setAuthentication(AUTH_ALGO);
+        config.setEncryption(CRYPT_ALGO);
+        try {
+            mIpSecService.validateAlgorithms(config);
+            fail("Expected exception; AEAD, auth and crypt algorithm specified");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDeleteInvalidTransform() throws Exception {
+        try {
+            mIpSecService.deleteTransform(1);
+            fail("IllegalArgumentException not thrown");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRemoveTransportModeTransform() throws Exception {
+        Socket socket = new Socket();
+        socket.bind(null);
+        ParcelFileDescriptor pfd = ParcelFileDescriptor.fromSocket(socket);
+        mIpSecService.removeTransportModeTransforms(pfd);
+
+        verify(mMockNetd).ipSecRemoveTransportModeTransform(pfd);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testValidateIpAddresses() throws Exception {
+        String[] invalidAddresses =
+                new String[] {"www.google.com", "::", "2001::/64", "0.0.0.0", ""};
+        for (String address : invalidAddresses) {
+            try {
+                IpSecSpiResponse spiResp =
+                        mIpSecService.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(
+                                address, DROID_SPI, new Binder());
+                fail("Invalid address was passed through IpSecService validation: " + address);
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                fail(
+                        "Invalid InetAddress was not caught in validation: "
+                                + address
+                                + ", Exception: "
+                                + e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This function checks if the number of encap UDP socket that one UID can reserve has a
+     * reasonable limit.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSocketResourceTrackerLimitation() throws Exception {
+        List<IpSecUdpEncapResponse> openUdpEncapSockets = new ArrayList<IpSecUdpEncapResponse>();
+        // Reserve sockets until it fails.
+        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_NUM_ENCAP_SOCKETS; i++) {
+            IpSecUdpEncapResponse newUdpEncapSocket =
+                    mIpSecService.openUdpEncapsulationSocket(0, new Binder());
+            assertNotNull(newUdpEncapSocket);
+            if (IpSecManager.Status.OK != newUdpEncapSocket.status) {
+                break;
+            }
+            openUdpEncapSockets.add(newUdpEncapSocket);
+        }
+        // Assert that the total sockets quota has a reasonable limit.
+        assertTrue("No UDP encap socket was open", !openUdpEncapSockets.isEmpty());
+        assertTrue(
+                "Number of open UDP encap sockets is out of bound",
+                openUdpEncapSockets.size() < MAX_NUM_ENCAP_SOCKETS);
+
+        // Try to reserve one more UDP encapsulation socket, and should fail.
+        IpSecUdpEncapResponse extraUdpEncapSocket =
+                mIpSecService.openUdpEncapsulationSocket(0, new Binder());
+        assertNotNull(extraUdpEncapSocket);
+        assertEquals(IpSecManager.Status.RESOURCE_UNAVAILABLE, extraUdpEncapSocket.status);
+
+        // Close one of the open UDP encapsulation sockets.
+        mIpSecService.closeUdpEncapsulationSocket(openUdpEncapSockets.get(0).resourceId);
+        openUdpEncapSockets.get(0).fileDescriptor.close();
+        openUdpEncapSockets.remove(0);
+
+        // Try to reserve one more UDP encapsulation socket, and should be successful.
+        extraUdpEncapSocket = mIpSecService.openUdpEncapsulationSocket(0, new Binder());
+        assertNotNull(extraUdpEncapSocket);
+        assertEquals(IpSecManager.Status.OK, extraUdpEncapSocket.status);
+        openUdpEncapSockets.add(extraUdpEncapSocket);
+
+        // Close open UDP sockets.
+        for (IpSecUdpEncapResponse openSocket : openUdpEncapSockets) {
+            mIpSecService.closeUdpEncapsulationSocket(openSocket.resourceId);
+            openSocket.fileDescriptor.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This function checks if the number of SPI that one UID can reserve has a reasonable limit.
+     * This test does not test for both address families or duplicate SPIs because resource tracking
+     * code does not depend on them.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSpiResourceTrackerLimitation() throws Exception {
+        List<IpSecSpiResponse> reservedSpis = new ArrayList<IpSecSpiResponse>();
+        // Return the same SPI for all SPI allocation since IpSecService only
+        // tracks the resource ID.
+        when(mMockNetd.ipSecAllocateSpi(
+                        anyInt(),
+                        anyString(),
+                        eq(InetAddress.getLoopbackAddress().getHostAddress()),
+                        anyInt()))
+                .thenReturn(DROID_SPI);
+        // Reserve spis until it fails.
+        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_NUM_SPIS; i++) {
+            IpSecSpiResponse newSpi =
+                    mIpSecService.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(
+                            InetAddress.getLoopbackAddress().getHostAddress(),
+                            DROID_SPI + i,
+                            new Binder());
+            assertNotNull(newSpi);
+            if (IpSecManager.Status.OK != newSpi.status) {
+                break;
+            }
+            reservedSpis.add(newSpi);
+        }
+        // Assert that the SPI quota has a reasonable limit.
+        assertTrue(reservedSpis.size() > 0 && reservedSpis.size() < MAX_NUM_SPIS);
+
+        // Try to reserve one more SPI, and should fail.
+        IpSecSpiResponse extraSpi =
+                mIpSecService.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(
+                        InetAddress.getLoopbackAddress().getHostAddress(),
+                        DROID_SPI + MAX_NUM_SPIS,
+                        new Binder());
+        assertNotNull(extraSpi);
+        assertEquals(IpSecManager.Status.RESOURCE_UNAVAILABLE, extraSpi.status);
+
+        // Release one reserved spi.
+        mIpSecService.releaseSecurityParameterIndex(reservedSpis.get(0).resourceId);
+        reservedSpis.remove(0);
+
+        // Should successfully reserve one more spi.
+        extraSpi =
+                mIpSecService.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(
+                        InetAddress.getLoopbackAddress().getHostAddress(),
+                        DROID_SPI + MAX_NUM_SPIS,
+                        new Binder());
+        assertNotNull(extraSpi);
+        assertEquals(IpSecManager.Status.OK, extraSpi.status);
+
+        // Release reserved SPIs.
+        for (IpSecSpiResponse spiResp : reservedSpis) {
+            mIpSecService.releaseSecurityParameterIndex(spiResp.resourceId);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUidFdtagger() throws Exception {
+        SocketTagger actualSocketTagger = SocketTagger.get();
+
+        try {
+            FileDescriptor sockFd = Os.socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
+
+            // Has to be done after socket creation because BlockGuardOS calls tag on new sockets
+            SocketTagger mockSocketTagger = mock(SocketTagger.class);
+            SocketTagger.set(mockSocketTagger);
+
+            mIpSecService.mUidFdTagger.tag(sockFd, Process.LAST_APPLICATION_UID);
+            verify(mockSocketTagger).tag(eq(sockFd));
+        } finally {
+            SocketTagger.set(actualSocketTagger);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if two file descriptors point to the same file.
+     *
+     * <p>According to stat.h documentation, the correct way to check for equivalent or duplicated
+     * file descriptors is to check their inode and device. These two entries uniquely identify any
+     * file.
+     */
+    private boolean fileDescriptorsEqual(FileDescriptor fd1, FileDescriptor fd2) {
+        try {
+            StructStat fd1Stat = Os.fstat(fd1);
+            StructStat fd2Stat = Os.fstat(fd2);
+
+            return fd1Stat.st_ino == fd2Stat.st_ino && fd1Stat.st_dev == fd2Stat.st_dev;
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOpenUdpEncapSocketTagsSocket() throws Exception {
+        IpSecService.UidFdTagger mockTagger = mock(IpSecService.UidFdTagger.class);
+        IpSecService testIpSecService = new IpSecService(
+                mMockContext, mDeps, mockTagger);
+
+        IpSecUdpEncapResponse udpEncapResp =
+                testIpSecService.openUdpEncapsulationSocket(0, new Binder());
+        assertNotNull(udpEncapResp);
+        assertEquals(IpSecManager.Status.OK, udpEncapResp.status);
+
+        FileDescriptor sockFd = udpEncapResp.fileDescriptor.getFileDescriptor();
+        ArgumentMatcher<FileDescriptor> fdMatcher =
+                (argFd) -> {
+                    return fileDescriptorsEqual(sockFd, argFd);
+                };
+        verify(mockTagger).tag(argThat(fdMatcher), eq(Os.getuid()));
+
+        testIpSecService.closeUdpEncapsulationSocket(udpEncapResp.resourceId);
+        udpEncapResp.fileDescriptor.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOpenUdpEncapsulationSocketCallsSetEncapSocketOwner() throws Exception {
+        IpSecUdpEncapResponse udpEncapResp =
+                mIpSecService.openUdpEncapsulationSocket(0, new Binder());
+
+        FileDescriptor sockFd = udpEncapResp.fileDescriptor.getFileDescriptor();
+        ArgumentMatcher<ParcelFileDescriptor> fdMatcher = (arg) -> {
+                    try {
+                        StructStat sockStat = Os.fstat(sockFd);
+                        StructStat argStat = Os.fstat(arg.getFileDescriptor());
+
+                        return sockStat.st_ino == argStat.st_ino
+                                && sockStat.st_dev == argStat.st_dev;
+                    } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                };
+
+        verify(mMockNetd).ipSecSetEncapSocketOwner(argThat(fdMatcher), eq(Os.getuid()));
+        mIpSecService.closeUdpEncapsulationSocket(udpEncapResp.resourceId);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReserveNetId() {
+        final Range<Integer> netIdRange = ConnectivityManager.getIpSecNetIdRange();
+        for (int netId = netIdRange.getLower(); netId <= netIdRange.getUpper(); netId++) {
+            assertEquals(netId, mIpSecService.reserveNetId());
+        }
+
+        // Check that resource exhaustion triggers an exception
+        try {
+            mIpSecService.reserveNetId();
+            fail("Did not throw error for all netIds reserved");
+        } catch (IllegalStateException expected) {
+        }
+
+        // Now release one and try again
+        int releasedNetId =
+                netIdRange.getLower() + (netIdRange.getUpper() - netIdRange.getLower()) / 2;
+        mIpSecService.releaseNetId(releasedNetId);
+        assertEquals(releasedNetId, mIpSecService.reserveNetId());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/LegacyTypeTrackerTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/LegacyTypeTrackerTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ed55e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/LegacyTypeTrackerTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// Don't warn about deprecated types anywhere in this test, because LegacyTypeTracker's very reason
+// for existence is to power deprecated APIs. The annotation has to apply to the whole file because
+// otherwise warnings will be generated by the imports of deprecated constants like TYPE_xxx.
+@file:Suppress("DEPRECATION")
+
+package com.android.server
+
+import android.content.Context
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_ETHERNET
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_USB_HOST
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI_DIRECT
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_ETHERNET
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_CBS
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_DUN
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_EMERGENCY
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_FOTA
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_IA
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_IMS
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_MMS
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_VPN
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI_P2P
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIMAX
+import android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState.CONNECTED
+import android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState.DISCONNECTED
+import android.os.Build
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import com.android.server.ConnectivityService.LegacyTypeTracker
+import com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkAgentInfo
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import org.junit.Assert.assertFalse
+import org.junit.Assert.assertNull
+import org.junit.Assert.assertSame
+import org.junit.Assert.assertTrue
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt
+import org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn
+import org.mockito.Mockito.mock
+import org.mockito.Mockito.never
+import org.mockito.Mockito.reset
+import org.mockito.Mockito.verify
+
+const val UNSUPPORTED_TYPE = TYPE_WIMAX
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+class LegacyTypeTrackerTest {
+    private val supportedTypes = arrayOf(TYPE_WIFI, TYPE_WIFI_P2P, TYPE_ETHERNET, TYPE_MOBILE,
+            TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL, TYPE_MOBILE_MMS, TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL, TYPE_MOBILE_DUN, TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI,
+            TYPE_MOBILE_FOTA, TYPE_MOBILE_IMS, TYPE_MOBILE_CBS, TYPE_MOBILE_IA,
+            TYPE_MOBILE_EMERGENCY, TYPE_VPN)
+
+    private val mMockService = mock(ConnectivityService::class.java).apply {
+        doReturn(false).`when`(this).isDefaultNetwork(any())
+    }
+    private val mPm = mock(PackageManager::class.java)
+    private val mContext = mock(Context::class.java).apply {
+        doReturn(true).`when`(mPm).hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI)
+        doReturn(true).`when`(mPm).hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI_DIRECT)
+        doReturn(true).`when`(mPm).hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_ETHERNET)
+        doReturn(mPm).`when`(this).packageManager
+    }
+    private val mTm = mock(TelephonyManager::class.java).apply {
+        doReturn(true).`when`(this).isDataCapable
+    }
+
+    private fun makeTracker() = LegacyTypeTracker(mMockService).apply {
+        loadSupportedTypes(mContext, mTm)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testSupportedTypes() {
+        val tracker = makeTracker()
+        supportedTypes.forEach {
+            assertTrue(tracker.isTypeSupported(it))
+        }
+        assertFalse(tracker.isTypeSupported(UNSUPPORTED_TYPE))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testSupportedTypes_NoEthernet() {
+        doReturn(false).`when`(mPm).hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_ETHERNET)
+        doReturn(false).`when`(mPm).hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_USB_HOST)
+        assertFalse(makeTracker().isTypeSupported(TYPE_ETHERNET))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testSupportedTypes_NoTelephony() {
+        doReturn(false).`when`(mTm).isDataCapable
+        val tracker = makeTracker()
+        val nonMobileTypes = arrayOf(TYPE_WIFI, TYPE_WIFI_P2P, TYPE_ETHERNET, TYPE_VPN)
+        nonMobileTypes.forEach {
+            assertTrue(tracker.isTypeSupported(it))
+        }
+        supportedTypes.toSet().minus(nonMobileTypes).forEach {
+            assertFalse(tracker.isTypeSupported(it))
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testSupportedTypes_NoWifiDirect() {
+        doReturn(false).`when`(mPm).hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI_DIRECT)
+        val tracker = makeTracker()
+        assertFalse(tracker.isTypeSupported(TYPE_WIFI_P2P))
+        supportedTypes.toSet().minus(TYPE_WIFI_P2P).forEach {
+            assertTrue(tracker.isTypeSupported(it))
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testSupl() {
+        val tracker = makeTracker()
+        val mobileNai = mock(NetworkAgentInfo::class.java)
+        tracker.add(TYPE_MOBILE, mobileNai)
+        verify(mMockService).sendLegacyNetworkBroadcast(mobileNai, CONNECTED, TYPE_MOBILE)
+        reset(mMockService)
+        tracker.add(TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL, mobileNai)
+        verify(mMockService).sendLegacyNetworkBroadcast(mobileNai, CONNECTED, TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL)
+        reset(mMockService)
+        tracker.remove(TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL, mobileNai, false /* wasDefault */)
+        verify(mMockService).sendLegacyNetworkBroadcast(mobileNai, DISCONNECTED, TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL)
+        reset(mMockService)
+        tracker.add(TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL, mobileNai)
+        verify(mMockService).sendLegacyNetworkBroadcast(mobileNai, CONNECTED, TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL)
+        reset(mMockService)
+        tracker.remove(mobileNai, false)
+        verify(mMockService).sendLegacyNetworkBroadcast(mobileNai, DISCONNECTED, TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL)
+        verify(mMockService).sendLegacyNetworkBroadcast(mobileNai, DISCONNECTED, TYPE_MOBILE)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testAddNetwork() {
+        val tracker = makeTracker()
+        val mobileNai = mock(NetworkAgentInfo::class.java)
+        val wifiNai = mock(NetworkAgentInfo::class.java)
+        tracker.add(TYPE_MOBILE, mobileNai)
+        tracker.add(TYPE_WIFI, wifiNai)
+        assertSame(tracker.getNetworkForType(TYPE_MOBILE), mobileNai)
+        assertSame(tracker.getNetworkForType(TYPE_WIFI), wifiNai)
+        // Make sure adding a second NAI does not change the results.
+        val secondMobileNai = mock(NetworkAgentInfo::class.java)
+        tracker.add(TYPE_MOBILE, secondMobileNai)
+        assertSame(tracker.getNetworkForType(TYPE_MOBILE), mobileNai)
+        assertSame(tracker.getNetworkForType(TYPE_WIFI), wifiNai)
+        // Make sure removing a network that wasn't added for this type is a no-op.
+        tracker.remove(TYPE_MOBILE, wifiNai, false /* wasDefault */)
+        assertSame(tracker.getNetworkForType(TYPE_MOBILE), mobileNai)
+        assertSame(tracker.getNetworkForType(TYPE_WIFI), wifiNai)
+        // Remove the top network for mobile and make sure the second one becomes the network
+        // of record for this type.
+        tracker.remove(TYPE_MOBILE, mobileNai, false /* wasDefault */)
+        assertSame(tracker.getNetworkForType(TYPE_MOBILE), secondMobileNai)
+        assertSame(tracker.getNetworkForType(TYPE_WIFI), wifiNai)
+        // Make sure adding a network for an unsupported type does not register it.
+        tracker.add(UNSUPPORTED_TYPE, mobileNai)
+        assertNull(tracker.getNetworkForType(UNSUPPORTED_TYPE))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testBroadcastOnDisconnect() {
+        val tracker = makeTracker()
+        val mobileNai1 = mock(NetworkAgentInfo::class.java)
+        val mobileNai2 = mock(NetworkAgentInfo::class.java)
+        doReturn(false).`when`(mMockService).isDefaultNetwork(mobileNai1)
+        tracker.add(TYPE_MOBILE, mobileNai1)
+        verify(mMockService).sendLegacyNetworkBroadcast(mobileNai1, CONNECTED, TYPE_MOBILE)
+        reset(mMockService)
+        doReturn(false).`when`(mMockService).isDefaultNetwork(mobileNai2)
+        tracker.add(TYPE_MOBILE, mobileNai2)
+        verify(mMockService, never()).sendLegacyNetworkBroadcast(any(), any(), anyInt())
+        tracker.remove(TYPE_MOBILE, mobileNai1, false /* wasDefault */)
+        verify(mMockService).sendLegacyNetworkBroadcast(mobileNai1, DISCONNECTED, TYPE_MOBILE)
+        verify(mMockService).sendLegacyNetworkBroadcast(mobileNai2, CONNECTED, TYPE_MOBILE)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/NetIdManagerTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/NetIdManagerTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..811134e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/NetIdManagerTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License
+ */
+
+package com.android.server
+
+import android.os.Build
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import com.android.server.NetIdManager.MIN_NET_ID
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.ExceptionUtils.ThrowingRunnable
+import com.android.testutils.assertThrows
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+class NetIdManagerTest {
+    @Test
+    fun testReserveReleaseNetId() {
+        val manager = NetIdManager(MIN_NET_ID + 4)
+        assertEquals(MIN_NET_ID, manager.reserveNetId())
+        assertEquals(MIN_NET_ID + 1, manager.reserveNetId())
+        assertEquals(MIN_NET_ID + 2, manager.reserveNetId())
+        assertEquals(MIN_NET_ID + 3, manager.reserveNetId())
+
+        manager.releaseNetId(MIN_NET_ID + 1)
+        manager.releaseNetId(MIN_NET_ID + 3)
+        // IDs only loop once there is no higher ID available
+        assertEquals(MIN_NET_ID + 4, manager.reserveNetId())
+        assertEquals(MIN_NET_ID + 1, manager.reserveNetId())
+        assertEquals(MIN_NET_ID + 3, manager.reserveNetId())
+        assertThrows(IllegalStateException::class.java, ThrowingRunnable { manager.reserveNetId() })
+        manager.releaseNetId(MIN_NET_ID + 5)
+        // Still no ID available: MIN_NET_ID + 5 was not reserved
+        assertThrows(IllegalStateException::class.java, ThrowingRunnable { manager.reserveNetId() })
+        manager.releaseNetId(MIN_NET_ID + 2)
+        // Throwing an exception still leaves the manager in a working state
+        assertEquals(MIN_NET_ID + 2, manager.reserveNetId())
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/NetworkManagementServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/NetworkManagementServiceTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7688a6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/NetworkManagementServiceTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server;
+
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOW_POWER_STANDBY;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_POWERSAVE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_RESTRICTED;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_STANDBY;
+import static android.util.DebugUtils.valueToString;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyBoolean;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doNothing;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.timeout;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verifyNoMoreInteractions;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.INetd;
+import android.net.INetdUnsolicitedEventListener;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.NetworkPolicyManager;
+import android.os.BatteryStats;
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.Process;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.test.suitebuilder.annotation.SmallTest;
+import android.util.ArrayMap;
+
+import com.android.internal.app.IBatteryStats;
+import com.android.server.NetworkManagementService.Dependencies;
+import com.android.server.net.BaseNetworkObserver;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.Captor;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+import java.util.function.BiFunction;
+
+/**
+ * Tests for {@link NetworkManagementService}.
+ */
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class NetworkManagementServiceTest {
+    private NetworkManagementService mNMService;
+    @Mock private Context mContext;
+    @Mock private ConnectivityManager mCm;
+    @Mock private IBatteryStats.Stub mBatteryStatsService;
+    @Mock private INetd.Stub mNetdService;
+
+    private static final int TEST_UID = 111;
+
+    @NonNull
+    @Captor
+    private ArgumentCaptor<INetdUnsolicitedEventListener> mUnsolListenerCaptor;
+
+    private final MockDependencies mDeps = new MockDependencies();
+
+    private final class MockDependencies extends Dependencies {
+        @Override
+        public IBinder getService(String name) {
+            switch (name) {
+                case BatteryStats.SERVICE_NAME:
+                    return mBatteryStatsService;
+                default:
+                    throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Unknown service " + name);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void registerLocalService(NetworkManagementInternal nmi) {
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public INetd getNetd() {
+            return mNetdService;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int getCallingUid() {
+            return Process.SYSTEM_UID;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+        doNothing().when(mNetdService)
+                .registerUnsolicitedEventListener(mUnsolListenerCaptor.capture());
+        doReturn(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE).when(mContext).getSystemServiceName(
+                eq(ConnectivityManager.class));
+        doReturn(mCm).when(mContext).getSystemService(eq(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE));
+        // Start the service and wait until it connects to our socket.
+        mNMService = NetworkManagementService.create(mContext, mDeps);
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        mNMService.shutdown();
+    }
+
+    private static <T> T expectSoon(T mock) {
+        return verify(mock, timeout(200));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests that network observers work properly.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkObservers() throws Exception {
+        BaseNetworkObserver observer = mock(BaseNetworkObserver.class);
+        doReturn(new Binder()).when(observer).asBinder();  // Used by registerObserver.
+        mNMService.registerObserver(observer);
+
+        // Forget everything that happened to the mock so far, so we can explicitly verify
+        // everything that happens and does not happen to it from now on.
+
+        INetdUnsolicitedEventListener unsolListener = mUnsolListenerCaptor.getValue();
+        reset(observer);
+        // Now call unsolListener methods and ensure that the observer methods are
+        // called. After every method we expect a callback soon after; to ensure that
+        // invalid messages don't cause any callbacks, we call verifyNoMoreInteractions at the end.
+
+        /**
+         * Interface changes.
+         */
+        unsolListener.onInterfaceAdded("rmnet12");
+        expectSoon(observer).interfaceAdded("rmnet12");
+
+        unsolListener.onInterfaceRemoved("eth1");
+        expectSoon(observer).interfaceRemoved("eth1");
+
+        unsolListener.onInterfaceChanged("clat4", true);
+        expectSoon(observer).interfaceStatusChanged("clat4", true);
+
+        unsolListener.onInterfaceLinkStateChanged("rmnet0", false);
+        expectSoon(observer).interfaceLinkStateChanged("rmnet0", false);
+
+        /**
+         * Bandwidth control events.
+         */
+        unsolListener.onQuotaLimitReached("data", "rmnet_usb0");
+        expectSoon(observer).limitReached("data", "rmnet_usb0");
+
+        /**
+         * Interface class activity.
+         */
+        unsolListener.onInterfaceClassActivityChanged(true, 1, 1234, TEST_UID);
+        expectSoon(observer).interfaceClassDataActivityChanged(1, true, 1234, TEST_UID);
+
+        unsolListener.onInterfaceClassActivityChanged(false, 9, 5678, TEST_UID);
+        expectSoon(observer).interfaceClassDataActivityChanged(9, false, 5678, TEST_UID);
+
+        unsolListener.onInterfaceClassActivityChanged(false, 9, 4321, TEST_UID);
+        expectSoon(observer).interfaceClassDataActivityChanged(9, false, 4321, TEST_UID);
+
+        /**
+         * IP address changes.
+         */
+        unsolListener.onInterfaceAddressUpdated("fe80::1/64", "wlan0", 128, 253);
+        expectSoon(observer).addressUpdated("wlan0", new LinkAddress("fe80::1/64", 128, 253));
+
+        unsolListener.onInterfaceAddressRemoved("fe80::1/64", "wlan0", 128, 253);
+        expectSoon(observer).addressRemoved("wlan0", new LinkAddress("fe80::1/64", 128, 253));
+
+        unsolListener.onInterfaceAddressRemoved("2001:db8::1/64", "wlan0", 1, 0);
+        expectSoon(observer).addressRemoved("wlan0", new LinkAddress("2001:db8::1/64", 1, 0));
+
+        /**
+         * DNS information broadcasts.
+         */
+        unsolListener.onInterfaceDnsServerInfo("rmnet_usb0", 3600, new String[]{"2001:db8::1"});
+        expectSoon(observer).interfaceDnsServerInfo("rmnet_usb0", 3600,
+                new String[]{"2001:db8::1"});
+
+        unsolListener.onInterfaceDnsServerInfo("wlan0", 14400,
+                new String[]{"2001:db8::1", "2001:db8::2"});
+        expectSoon(observer).interfaceDnsServerInfo("wlan0", 14400,
+                new String[]{"2001:db8::1", "2001:db8::2"});
+
+        // We don't check for negative lifetimes, only for parse errors.
+        unsolListener.onInterfaceDnsServerInfo("wlan0", -3600, new String[]{"::1"});
+        expectSoon(observer).interfaceDnsServerInfo("wlan0", -3600,
+                new String[]{"::1"});
+
+        // No syntax checking on the addresses.
+        unsolListener.onInterfaceDnsServerInfo("wlan0", 600,
+                new String[]{"", "::", "", "foo", "::1"});
+        expectSoon(observer).interfaceDnsServerInfo("wlan0", 600,
+                new String[]{"", "::", "", "foo", "::1"});
+
+        // Make sure nothing else was called.
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(observer);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFirewallEnabled() {
+        mNMService.setFirewallEnabled(true);
+        assertTrue(mNMService.isFirewallEnabled());
+
+        mNMService.setFirewallEnabled(false);
+        assertFalse(mNMService.isFirewallEnabled());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkRestrictedDefault() {
+        assertFalse(mNMService.isNetworkRestricted(TEST_UID));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMeteredNetworkRestrictions() throws RemoteException {
+        // Make sure the mocked netd method returns true.
+        doReturn(true).when(mNetdService).bandwidthEnableDataSaver(anyBoolean());
+
+        // Restrict usage of mobile data in background
+        mNMService.setUidOnMeteredNetworkDenylist(TEST_UID, true);
+        assertTrue("Should be true since mobile data usage is restricted",
+                mNMService.isNetworkRestricted(TEST_UID));
+        verify(mCm).addUidToMeteredNetworkDenyList(TEST_UID);
+
+        mNMService.setDataSaverModeEnabled(true);
+        verify(mNetdService).bandwidthEnableDataSaver(true);
+
+        mNMService.setUidOnMeteredNetworkDenylist(TEST_UID, false);
+        assertTrue("Should be true since data saver is on and the uid is not allowlisted",
+                mNMService.isNetworkRestricted(TEST_UID));
+        verify(mCm).removeUidFromMeteredNetworkDenyList(TEST_UID);
+
+        mNMService.setUidOnMeteredNetworkAllowlist(TEST_UID, true);
+        assertFalse("Should be false since data saver is on and the uid is allowlisted",
+                mNMService.isNetworkRestricted(TEST_UID));
+        verify(mCm).addUidToMeteredNetworkAllowList(TEST_UID);
+
+        // remove uid from allowlist and turn datasaver off again
+        mNMService.setUidOnMeteredNetworkAllowlist(TEST_UID, false);
+        verify(mCm).removeUidFromMeteredNetworkAllowList(TEST_UID);
+        mNMService.setDataSaverModeEnabled(false);
+        verify(mNetdService).bandwidthEnableDataSaver(false);
+        assertFalse("Network should not be restricted when data saver is off",
+                mNMService.isNetworkRestricted(TEST_UID));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFirewallChains() {
+        final ArrayMap<Integer, ArrayMap<Integer, Boolean>> expected = new ArrayMap<>();
+        // Dozable chain
+        final ArrayMap<Integer, Boolean> isRestrictedForDozable = new ArrayMap<>();
+        isRestrictedForDozable.put(NetworkPolicyManager.FIREWALL_RULE_DEFAULT, true);
+        isRestrictedForDozable.put(INetd.FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW, false);
+        isRestrictedForDozable.put(INetd.FIREWALL_RULE_DENY, true);
+        expected.put(FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE, isRestrictedForDozable);
+        // Powersaver chain
+        final ArrayMap<Integer, Boolean> isRestrictedForPowerSave = new ArrayMap<>();
+        isRestrictedForPowerSave.put(NetworkPolicyManager.FIREWALL_RULE_DEFAULT, true);
+        isRestrictedForPowerSave.put(INetd.FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW, false);
+        isRestrictedForPowerSave.put(INetd.FIREWALL_RULE_DENY, true);
+        expected.put(FIREWALL_CHAIN_POWERSAVE, isRestrictedForPowerSave);
+        // Standby chain
+        final ArrayMap<Integer, Boolean> isRestrictedForStandby = new ArrayMap<>();
+        isRestrictedForStandby.put(NetworkPolicyManager.FIREWALL_RULE_DEFAULT, false);
+        isRestrictedForStandby.put(INetd.FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW, false);
+        isRestrictedForStandby.put(INetd.FIREWALL_RULE_DENY, true);
+        expected.put(FIREWALL_CHAIN_STANDBY, isRestrictedForStandby);
+        // Restricted mode chain
+        final ArrayMap<Integer, Boolean> isRestrictedForRestrictedMode = new ArrayMap<>();
+        isRestrictedForRestrictedMode.put(NetworkPolicyManager.FIREWALL_RULE_DEFAULT, true);
+        isRestrictedForRestrictedMode.put(INetd.FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW, false);
+        isRestrictedForRestrictedMode.put(INetd.FIREWALL_RULE_DENY, true);
+        expected.put(FIREWALL_CHAIN_RESTRICTED, isRestrictedForRestrictedMode);
+        // Low Power Standby chain
+        final ArrayMap<Integer, Boolean> isRestrictedForLowPowerStandby = new ArrayMap<>();
+        isRestrictedForLowPowerStandby.put(NetworkPolicyManager.FIREWALL_RULE_DEFAULT, true);
+        isRestrictedForLowPowerStandby.put(INetd.FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW, false);
+        isRestrictedForLowPowerStandby.put(INetd.FIREWALL_RULE_DENY, true);
+        expected.put(FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOW_POWER_STANDBY, isRestrictedForLowPowerStandby);
+
+        final int[] chains = {
+                FIREWALL_CHAIN_STANDBY,
+                FIREWALL_CHAIN_POWERSAVE,
+                FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE,
+                FIREWALL_CHAIN_RESTRICTED,
+                FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOW_POWER_STANDBY
+        };
+        final int[] states = {
+                INetd.FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW,
+                INetd.FIREWALL_RULE_DENY,
+                NetworkPolicyManager.FIREWALL_RULE_DEFAULT
+        };
+        BiFunction<Integer, Integer, String> errorMsg = (chain, state) -> {
+            return String.format("Unexpected value for chain: %s and state: %s",
+                    valueToString(INetd.class, "FIREWALL_CHAIN_", chain),
+                    valueToString(INetd.class, "FIREWALL_RULE_", state));
+        };
+        for (int chain : chains) {
+            final ArrayMap<Integer, Boolean> expectedValues = expected.get(chain);
+            mNMService.setFirewallChainEnabled(chain, true);
+            verify(mCm).setFirewallChainEnabled(chain, true /* enabled */);
+            for (int state : states) {
+                mNMService.setFirewallUidRule(chain, TEST_UID, state);
+                assertEquals(errorMsg.apply(chain, state),
+                        expectedValues.get(state), mNMService.isNetworkRestricted(TEST_UID));
+            }
+            mNMService.setFirewallChainEnabled(chain, false);
+            verify(mCm).setFirewallChainEnabled(chain, false /* enabled */);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/NsdServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/NsdServiceTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5086943
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/NsdServiceTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,343 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server;
+
+import static libcore.junit.util.compat.CoreCompatChangeRule.DisableCompatChanges;
+import static libcore.junit.util.compat.CoreCompatChangeRule.EnableCompatChanges;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.timeout;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.compat.testing.PlatformCompatChangeRule;
+import android.content.ContentResolver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.nsd.INsdManagerCallback;
+import android.net.nsd.INsdServiceConnector;
+import android.net.nsd.NsdManager;
+import android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo;
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.HandlerThread;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.Message;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.server.NsdService.DaemonConnection;
+import com.android.server.NsdService.DaemonConnectionSupplier;
+import com.android.server.NsdService.NativeCallbackReceiver;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.rules.TestRule;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.AdditionalAnswers;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+import org.mockito.Spy;
+
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.Queue;
+
+// TODOs:
+//  - test client can send requests and receive replies
+//  - test NSD_ON ENABLE/DISABLED listening
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class NsdServiceTest {
+
+    static final int PROTOCOL = NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD;
+    private static final long CLEANUP_DELAY_MS = 500;
+    private static final long TIMEOUT_MS = 500;
+
+    // Records INsdManagerCallback created when NsdService#connect is called.
+    // Only accessed on the test thread, since NsdService#connect is called by the NsdManager
+    // constructor called on the test thread.
+    private final Queue<INsdManagerCallback> mCreatedCallbacks = new LinkedList<>();
+
+    @Rule
+    public TestRule compatChangeRule = new PlatformCompatChangeRule();
+    @Mock Context mContext;
+    @Mock ContentResolver mResolver;
+    NativeCallbackReceiver mDaemonCallback;
+    @Spy DaemonConnection mDaemon = new DaemonConnection(mDaemonCallback);
+    HandlerThread mThread;
+    TestHandler mHandler;
+
+    private static class LinkToDeathRecorder extends Binder {
+        IBinder.DeathRecipient mDr;
+
+        @Override
+        public void linkToDeath(@NonNull DeathRecipient recipient, int flags) {
+            super.linkToDeath(recipient, flags);
+            mDr = recipient;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+        mThread = new HandlerThread("mock-service-handler");
+        mThread.start();
+        doReturn(true).when(mDaemon).execute(any());
+        mHandler = new TestHandler(mThread.getLooper());
+        when(mContext.getContentResolver()).thenReturn(mResolver);
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        if (mThread != null) {
+            mThread.quit();
+            mThread = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisableCompatChanges(NsdManager.RUN_NATIVE_NSD_ONLY_IF_LEGACY_APPS)
+    public void testPreSClients() throws Exception {
+        NsdService service = makeService();
+
+        // Pre S client connected, the daemon should be started.
+        connectClient(service);
+        waitForIdle();
+        final INsdManagerCallback cb1 = getCallback();
+        final IBinder.DeathRecipient deathRecipient1 = verifyLinkToDeath(cb1);
+        verify(mDaemon, times(1)).maybeStart();
+        verifyDaemonCommands("start-service");
+
+        connectClient(service);
+        waitForIdle();
+        final INsdManagerCallback cb2 = getCallback();
+        final IBinder.DeathRecipient deathRecipient2 = verifyLinkToDeath(cb2);
+        verify(mDaemon, times(1)).maybeStart();
+
+        deathRecipient1.binderDied();
+        // Still 1 client remains, daemon shouldn't be stopped.
+        waitForIdle();
+        verify(mDaemon, never()).maybeStop();
+
+        deathRecipient2.binderDied();
+        // All clients are disconnected, the daemon should be stopped.
+        verifyDelayMaybeStopDaemon(CLEANUP_DELAY_MS);
+        verifyDaemonCommands("stop-service");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @EnableCompatChanges(NsdManager.RUN_NATIVE_NSD_ONLY_IF_LEGACY_APPS)
+    public void testNoDaemonStartedWhenClientsConnect() throws Exception {
+        final NsdService service = makeService();
+
+        // Creating an NsdManager will not cause any cmds executed, which means
+        // no daemon is started.
+        connectClient(service);
+        waitForIdle();
+        verify(mDaemon, never()).execute(any());
+        final INsdManagerCallback cb1 = getCallback();
+        final IBinder.DeathRecipient deathRecipient1 = verifyLinkToDeath(cb1);
+
+        // Creating another NsdManager will not cause any cmds executed.
+        connectClient(service);
+        waitForIdle();
+        verify(mDaemon, never()).execute(any());
+        final INsdManagerCallback cb2 = getCallback();
+        final IBinder.DeathRecipient deathRecipient2 = verifyLinkToDeath(cb2);
+
+        // If there is no active request, try to clean up the daemon
+        // every time the client disconnects.
+        deathRecipient1.binderDied();
+        verifyDelayMaybeStopDaemon(CLEANUP_DELAY_MS);
+        reset(mDaemon);
+        deathRecipient2.binderDied();
+        verifyDelayMaybeStopDaemon(CLEANUP_DELAY_MS);
+    }
+
+    private IBinder.DeathRecipient verifyLinkToDeath(INsdManagerCallback cb)
+            throws Exception {
+        final IBinder.DeathRecipient dr = ((LinkToDeathRecorder) cb.asBinder()).mDr;
+        assertNotNull(dr);
+        return dr;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @EnableCompatChanges(NsdManager.RUN_NATIVE_NSD_ONLY_IF_LEGACY_APPS)
+    public void testClientRequestsAreGCedAtDisconnection() throws Exception {
+        NsdService service = makeService();
+
+        NsdManager client = connectClient(service);
+        waitForIdle();
+        final INsdManagerCallback cb1 = getCallback();
+        final IBinder.DeathRecipient deathRecipient = verifyLinkToDeath(cb1);
+        verify(mDaemon, never()).maybeStart();
+        verify(mDaemon, never()).execute(any());
+
+        NsdServiceInfo request = new NsdServiceInfo("a_name", "a_type");
+        request.setPort(2201);
+
+        // Client registration request
+        NsdManager.RegistrationListener listener1 = mock(NsdManager.RegistrationListener.class);
+        client.registerService(request, PROTOCOL, listener1);
+        waitForIdle();
+        verify(mDaemon, times(1)).maybeStart();
+        verifyDaemonCommands("start-service", "register 2 a_name a_type 2201");
+
+        // Client discovery request
+        NsdManager.DiscoveryListener listener2 = mock(NsdManager.DiscoveryListener.class);
+        client.discoverServices("a_type", PROTOCOL, listener2);
+        waitForIdle();
+        verify(mDaemon, times(1)).maybeStart();
+        verifyDaemonCommand("discover 3 a_type 0");
+
+        // Client resolve request
+        NsdManager.ResolveListener listener3 = mock(NsdManager.ResolveListener.class);
+        client.resolveService(request, listener3);
+        waitForIdle();
+        verify(mDaemon, times(1)).maybeStart();
+        verifyDaemonCommand("resolve 4 a_name a_type local. 0");
+
+        // Client disconnects, stop the daemon after CLEANUP_DELAY_MS.
+        deathRecipient.binderDied();
+        verifyDelayMaybeStopDaemon(CLEANUP_DELAY_MS);
+        // checks that request are cleaned
+        verifyDaemonCommands("stop-register 2", "stop-discover 3",
+                "stop-resolve 4", "stop-service");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @EnableCompatChanges(NsdManager.RUN_NATIVE_NSD_ONLY_IF_LEGACY_APPS)
+    public void testCleanupDelayNoRequestActive() throws Exception {
+        NsdService service = makeService();
+        NsdManager client = connectClient(service);
+
+        NsdServiceInfo request = new NsdServiceInfo("a_name", "a_type");
+        request.setPort(2201);
+        NsdManager.RegistrationListener listener1 = mock(NsdManager.RegistrationListener.class);
+        client.registerService(request, PROTOCOL, listener1);
+        waitForIdle();
+        verify(mDaemon, times(1)).maybeStart();
+        final INsdManagerCallback cb1 = getCallback();
+        final IBinder.DeathRecipient deathRecipient = verifyLinkToDeath(cb1);
+        verifyDaemonCommands("start-service", "register 2 a_name a_type 2201");
+
+        client.unregisterService(listener1);
+        verifyDaemonCommand("stop-register 2");
+
+        verifyDelayMaybeStopDaemon(CLEANUP_DELAY_MS);
+        verifyDaemonCommand("stop-service");
+        reset(mDaemon);
+        deathRecipient.binderDied();
+        // Client disconnects, after CLEANUP_DELAY_MS, maybeStop the daemon.
+        verifyDelayMaybeStopDaemon(CLEANUP_DELAY_MS);
+    }
+
+    private void waitForIdle() {
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandler, TIMEOUT_MS);
+    }
+
+    NsdService makeService() {
+        DaemonConnectionSupplier supplier = (callback) -> {
+            mDaemonCallback = callback;
+            return mDaemon;
+        };
+        final NsdService service = new NsdService(mContext, mHandler, supplier, CLEANUP_DELAY_MS) {
+            @Override
+            public INsdServiceConnector connect(INsdManagerCallback baseCb) {
+                // Wrap the callback in a transparent mock, to mock asBinder returning a
+                // LinkToDeathRecorder. This will allow recording the binder death recipient
+                // registered on the callback. Use a transparent mock and not a spy as the actual
+                // implementation class is not public and cannot be spied on by Mockito.
+                final INsdManagerCallback cb = mock(INsdManagerCallback.class,
+                        AdditionalAnswers.delegatesTo(baseCb));
+                doReturn(new LinkToDeathRecorder()).when(cb).asBinder();
+                mCreatedCallbacks.add(cb);
+                return super.connect(cb);
+            }
+        };
+        verify(mDaemon, never()).execute(any(String.class));
+        return service;
+    }
+
+    private INsdManagerCallback getCallback() {
+        return mCreatedCallbacks.remove();
+    }
+
+    NsdManager connectClient(NsdService service) {
+        return new NsdManager(mContext, service);
+    }
+
+    void verifyDelayMaybeStopDaemon(long cleanupDelayMs) {
+        waitForIdle();
+        // Stop daemon shouldn't be called immediately.
+        verify(mDaemon, never()).maybeStop();
+        // Clean up the daemon after CLEANUP_DELAY_MS.
+        verify(mDaemon, timeout(cleanupDelayMs + TIMEOUT_MS)).maybeStop();
+    }
+
+    void verifyDaemonCommands(String... wants) {
+        verifyDaemonCommand(String.join(" ", wants), wants.length);
+    }
+
+    void verifyDaemonCommand(String want) {
+        verifyDaemonCommand(want, 1);
+    }
+
+    void verifyDaemonCommand(String want, int n) {
+        waitForIdle();
+        final ArgumentCaptor<Object> argumentsCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Object.class);
+        verify(mDaemon, times(n)).execute(argumentsCaptor.capture());
+        String got = "";
+        for (Object o : argumentsCaptor.getAllValues()) {
+            got += o + " ";
+        }
+        assertEquals(want, got.trim());
+        // rearm deamon for next command verification
+        reset(mDaemon);
+        doReturn(true).when(mDaemon).execute(any());
+    }
+
+    public static class TestHandler extends Handler {
+        public Message lastMessage;
+
+        TestHandler(Looper looper) {
+            super(looper);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
+            lastMessage = obtainMessage();
+            lastMessage.copyFrom(msg);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticatorTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticatorTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..553cb83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticatorTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
+import static android.telephony.TelephonyManager.ACTION_MULTI_SIM_CONFIG_CHANGED;
+
+import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt.SC_V2;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.atLeastOnce;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.IntentFilter;
+import android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.net.NetworkSpecifier;
+import android.net.TelephonyNetworkSpecifier;
+import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager;
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
+
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.TelephonyManagerShimImpl;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.TelephonyManagerShim;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.UnsupportedApiLevelException;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * Tests for CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticatorTest.
+ *
+ * Build, install and run with:
+ *  runtest frameworks-net -c com.android.server.connectivity.CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticatorTest
+ */
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2) // TODO: Use to Build.VERSION_CODES.SC_V2 when available
+public class CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticatorTest {
+    // TODO : use ConstantsShim.RECEIVER_NOT_EXPORTED when it's available in tests.
+    private static final int RECEIVER_NOT_EXPORTED = 4;
+    private static final int SUBSCRIPTION_COUNT = 2;
+    private static final int TEST_SUBSCRIPTION_ID = 1;
+
+    @NonNull private final Context mContext;
+    @NonNull private final TelephonyManager mTelephonyManager;
+    @NonNull private final TelephonyManagerShimImpl mTelephonyManagerShim;
+    @NonNull private final PackageManager mPackageManager;
+    @NonNull private TestCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator;
+    private final int mCarrierConfigPkgUid = 12345;
+    private final String mTestPkg = "com.android.server.connectivity.test";
+
+    public class TestCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator extends CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator {
+        TestCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator(@NonNull final Context c,
+                @NonNull final TelephonyManager t) {
+            super(c, t, mTelephonyManagerShim);
+        }
+        @Override
+        protected int getSlotIndex(int subId) {
+            if (SubscriptionManager.DEFAULT_SUBSCRIPTION_ID == subId) return TEST_SUBSCRIPTION_ID;
+            return subId;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticatorTest() {
+        mContext = mock(Context.class);
+        mTelephonyManager = mock(TelephonyManager.class);
+        mTelephonyManagerShim = mock(TelephonyManagerShimImpl.class);
+        mPackageManager = mock(PackageManager.class);
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        doReturn(SUBSCRIPTION_COUNT).when(mTelephonyManager).getActiveModemCount();
+        doReturn(mTestPkg).when(mTelephonyManagerShim)
+                .getCarrierServicePackageNameForLogicalSlot(anyInt());
+        doReturn(mPackageManager).when(mContext).getPackageManager();
+        final ApplicationInfo applicationInfo = new ApplicationInfo();
+        applicationInfo.uid = mCarrierConfigPkgUid;
+        doReturn(applicationInfo).when(mPackageManager)
+                .getApplicationInfo(eq(mTestPkg), anyInt());
+        mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator =
+                new TestCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator(mContext, mTelephonyManager);
+    }
+
+    private IntentFilter getIntentFilter() {
+        final ArgumentCaptor<IntentFilter> captor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(IntentFilter.class);
+        verify(mContext).registerReceiver(any(), captor.capture(), any(), any(), anyInt());
+        return captor.getValue();
+    }
+
+    private List<TelephonyManagerShim.CarrierPrivilegesListenerShim>
+            getCarrierPrivilegesListeners() {
+        final ArgumentCaptor<TelephonyManagerShim.CarrierPrivilegesListenerShim> captor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(TelephonyManagerShim.CarrierPrivilegesListenerShim.class);
+        try {
+            verify(mTelephonyManagerShim, atLeastOnce())
+                    .addCarrierPrivilegesListener(anyInt(), any(), captor.capture());
+        } catch (UnsupportedApiLevelException e) {
+        }
+        return captor.getAllValues();
+    }
+
+    private Intent buildTestMultiSimConfigBroadcastIntent() {
+        final Intent intent = new Intent(ACTION_MULTI_SIM_CONFIG_CHANGED);
+        return intent;
+    }
+    @Test
+    public void testConstructor() throws Exception {
+        verify(mContext).registerReceiver(
+                eq(mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator),
+                any(IntentFilter.class),
+                any(),
+                any(),
+                eq(RECEIVER_NOT_EXPORTED));
+        final IntentFilter filter = getIntentFilter();
+        assertEquals(1, filter.countActions());
+        assertTrue(filter.hasAction(ACTION_MULTI_SIM_CONFIG_CHANGED));
+
+        verify(mTelephonyManagerShim, times(2))
+                .addCarrierPrivilegesListener(anyInt(), any(), any());
+        verify(mTelephonyManagerShim)
+                .addCarrierPrivilegesListener(eq(0), any(), any());
+        verify(mTelephonyManagerShim)
+                .addCarrierPrivilegesListener(eq(1), any(), any());
+        assertEquals(2, getCarrierPrivilegesListeners().size());
+
+        final TelephonyNetworkSpecifier telephonyNetworkSpecifier =
+                new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier(0);
+        final NetworkRequest.Builder networkRequestBuilder = new NetworkRequest.Builder();
+        networkRequestBuilder.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        networkRequestBuilder.setNetworkSpecifier(telephonyNetworkSpecifier);
+
+        assertTrue(mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.hasCarrierPrivilegeForNetworkCapabilities(
+                mCarrierConfigPkgUid, networkRequestBuilder.build().networkCapabilities));
+        assertFalse(mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.hasCarrierPrivilegeForNetworkCapabilities(
+                mCarrierConfigPkgUid + 1, networkRequestBuilder.build().networkCapabilities));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMultiSimConfigChanged() throws Exception {
+        doReturn(1).when(mTelephonyManager).getActiveModemCount();
+        final List<TelephonyManagerShim.CarrierPrivilegesListenerShim> carrierPrivilegesListeners =
+                getCarrierPrivilegesListeners();
+
+        mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.onReceive(
+                mContext, buildTestMultiSimConfigBroadcastIntent());
+        for (TelephonyManagerShim.CarrierPrivilegesListenerShim carrierPrivilegesListener
+                : carrierPrivilegesListeners) {
+            verify(mTelephonyManagerShim)
+                    .removeCarrierPrivilegesListener(eq(carrierPrivilegesListener));
+        }
+
+        // Expect a new CarrierPrivilegesListener to have been registered for slot 0, and none other
+        // (2 previously registered during startup, for slots 0 & 1)
+        verify(mTelephonyManagerShim, times(3))
+                .addCarrierPrivilegesListener(anyInt(), any(), any());
+        verify(mTelephonyManagerShim, times(2))
+                .addCarrierPrivilegesListener(eq(0), any(), any());
+
+        final TelephonyNetworkSpecifier telephonyNetworkSpecifier =
+                new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier(0);
+        final NetworkRequest.Builder networkRequestBuilder = new NetworkRequest.Builder();
+        networkRequestBuilder.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        networkRequestBuilder.setNetworkSpecifier(telephonyNetworkSpecifier);
+        assertTrue(mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.hasCarrierPrivilegeForNetworkCapabilities(
+                mCarrierConfigPkgUid, networkRequestBuilder.build().networkCapabilities));
+        assertFalse(mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.hasCarrierPrivilegeForNetworkCapabilities(
+                mCarrierConfigPkgUid + 1, networkRequestBuilder.build().networkCapabilities));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOnCarrierPrivilegesChanged() throws Exception {
+        final TelephonyManagerShim.CarrierPrivilegesListenerShim listener =
+                getCarrierPrivilegesListeners().get(0);
+
+        final TelephonyNetworkSpecifier telephonyNetworkSpecifier =
+                new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier(0);
+        final NetworkRequest.Builder networkRequestBuilder = new NetworkRequest.Builder();
+        networkRequestBuilder.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        networkRequestBuilder.setNetworkSpecifier(telephonyNetworkSpecifier);
+
+        final ApplicationInfo applicationInfo = new ApplicationInfo();
+        applicationInfo.uid = mCarrierConfigPkgUid + 1;
+        doReturn(applicationInfo).when(mPackageManager)
+                .getApplicationInfo(eq(mTestPkg), anyInt());
+        listener.onCarrierPrivilegesChanged(Collections.emptyList(), new int[] {});
+
+        assertFalse(mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.hasCarrierPrivilegeForNetworkCapabilities(
+                mCarrierConfigPkgUid, networkRequestBuilder.build().networkCapabilities));
+        assertTrue(mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.hasCarrierPrivilegeForNetworkCapabilities(
+                mCarrierConfigPkgUid + 1, networkRequestBuilder.build().networkCapabilities));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDefaultSubscription() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkRequest.Builder networkRequestBuilder = new NetworkRequest.Builder();
+        networkRequestBuilder.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        assertFalse(mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.hasCarrierPrivilegeForNetworkCapabilities(
+                mCarrierConfigPkgUid, networkRequestBuilder.build().networkCapabilities));
+
+        networkRequestBuilder.setNetworkSpecifier(new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier(0));
+        assertTrue(mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.hasCarrierPrivilegeForNetworkCapabilities(
+                mCarrierConfigPkgUid, networkRequestBuilder.build().networkCapabilities));
+
+        // The builder for NetworkRequest doesn't allow removing the transport as long as a
+        // specifier is set, so unset it first. TODO : fix the builder
+        networkRequestBuilder.setNetworkSpecifier((NetworkSpecifier) null);
+        networkRequestBuilder.removeTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        networkRequestBuilder.addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        networkRequestBuilder.setNetworkSpecifier(new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier(0));
+        assertFalse(mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.hasCarrierPrivilegeForNetworkCapabilities(
+                mCarrierConfigPkgUid, networkRequestBuilder.build().networkCapabilities));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/ClatCoordinatorTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/ClatCoordinatorTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a2cfc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/ClatCoordinatorTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,407 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import static android.net.INetd.IF_STATE_UP;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_MTU;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.ClatCoordinator.CLAT_MAX_MTU;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.ClatCoordinator.INIT_V4ADDR_PREFIX_LEN;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.ClatCoordinator.INIT_V4ADDR_STRING;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertThrows;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.argThat;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.clearInvocations;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.net.INetd;
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.InOrder;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+import org.mockito.Spy;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class ClatCoordinatorTest {
+    private static final String BASE_IFACE = "test0";
+    private static final String STACKED_IFACE = "v4-test0";
+    private static final int BASE_IFINDEX = 1000;
+
+    private static final IpPrefix NAT64_IP_PREFIX = new IpPrefix("64:ff9b::/96");
+    private static final String NAT64_PREFIX_STRING = "64:ff9b::";
+    private static final int GOOGLE_DNS_4 = 0x08080808;  // 8.8.8.8
+    private static final int NETID = 42;
+
+    // The test fwmark means: PERMISSION_SYSTEM (0x2), protectedFromVpn: true,
+    // explicitlySelected: true, netid: 42. For bit field structure definition, see union Fwmark in
+    // system/netd/include/Fwmark.h
+    private static final int MARK = 0xb002a;
+
+    private static final String XLAT_LOCAL_IPV4ADDR_STRING = "192.0.0.46";
+    private static final String XLAT_LOCAL_IPV6ADDR_STRING = "2001:db8:0:b11::464";
+    private static final int CLATD_PID = 10483;
+
+    private static final int TUN_FD = 534;
+    private static final int RAW_SOCK_FD = 535;
+    private static final int PACKET_SOCK_FD = 536;
+    private static final long RAW_SOCK_COOKIE = 27149;
+    private static final ParcelFileDescriptor TUN_PFD = new ParcelFileDescriptor(
+            new FileDescriptor());
+    private static final ParcelFileDescriptor RAW_SOCK_PFD = new ParcelFileDescriptor(
+            new FileDescriptor());
+    private static final ParcelFileDescriptor PACKET_SOCK_PFD = new ParcelFileDescriptor(
+            new FileDescriptor());
+
+    @Mock private INetd mNetd;
+    @Spy private TestDependencies mDeps = new TestDependencies();
+
+    /**
+      * The dependency injection class is used to mock the JNI functions and system functions
+      * for clatd coordinator control plane. Note that any testing used JNI functions need to
+      * be overridden to avoid calling native methods.
+      */
+    protected class TestDependencies extends ClatCoordinator.Dependencies {
+        /**
+          * Get netd.
+          */
+        @Override
+        public INetd getNetd() {
+            return mNetd;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @see ParcelFileDescriptor#adoptFd(int).
+         */
+        @Override
+        public ParcelFileDescriptor adoptFd(int fd) {
+            switch (fd) {
+                case TUN_FD:
+                    return TUN_PFD;
+                case RAW_SOCK_FD:
+                    return RAW_SOCK_PFD;
+                case PACKET_SOCK_FD:
+                    return PACKET_SOCK_PFD;
+                default:
+                    fail("unsupported arg: " + fd);
+                    return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Get interface index for a given interface.
+         */
+        @Override
+        public int getInterfaceIndex(String ifName) {
+            if (BASE_IFACE.equals(ifName)) {
+                return BASE_IFINDEX;
+            }
+            fail("unsupported arg: " + ifName);
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Create tun interface for a given interface name.
+         */
+        @Override
+        public int createTunInterface(@NonNull String tuniface) throws IOException {
+            if (STACKED_IFACE.equals(tuniface)) {
+                return TUN_FD;
+            }
+            fail("unsupported arg: " + tuniface);
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Pick an IPv4 address for clat.
+         */
+        @Override
+        public String selectIpv4Address(@NonNull String v4addr, int prefixlen)
+                throws IOException {
+            if (INIT_V4ADDR_STRING.equals(v4addr) && INIT_V4ADDR_PREFIX_LEN == prefixlen) {
+                return XLAT_LOCAL_IPV4ADDR_STRING;
+            }
+            fail("unsupported args: " + v4addr + ", " + prefixlen);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Generate a checksum-neutral IID.
+         */
+        @Override
+        public String generateIpv6Address(@NonNull String iface, @NonNull String v4,
+                @NonNull String prefix64) throws IOException {
+            if (BASE_IFACE.equals(iface) && XLAT_LOCAL_IPV4ADDR_STRING.equals(v4)
+                    && NAT64_PREFIX_STRING.equals(prefix64)) {
+                return XLAT_LOCAL_IPV6ADDR_STRING;
+            }
+            fail("unsupported args: " + iface + ", " + v4 + ", " + prefix64);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Detect MTU.
+         */
+        @Override
+        public int detectMtu(@NonNull String platSubnet, int platSuffix, int mark)
+                throws IOException {
+            if (NAT64_PREFIX_STRING.equals(platSubnet) && GOOGLE_DNS_4 == platSuffix
+                    && MARK == mark) {
+                return ETHER_MTU;
+            }
+            fail("unsupported args: " + platSubnet + ", " + platSuffix + ", " + mark);
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Open IPv6 raw socket and set SO_MARK.
+         */
+        @Override
+        public int openRawSocket6(int mark) throws IOException {
+            if (mark == MARK) {
+                return RAW_SOCK_FD;
+            }
+            fail("unsupported arg: " + mark);
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Open packet socket.
+         */
+        @Override
+        public int openPacketSocket() throws IOException {
+            // assume that open socket always successfully because there is no argument to check.
+            return PACKET_SOCK_FD;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Add anycast setsockopt.
+         */
+        @Override
+        public void addAnycastSetsockopt(@NonNull FileDescriptor sock, String v6, int ifindex)
+                throws IOException {
+            if (Objects.equals(RAW_SOCK_PFD.getFileDescriptor(), sock)
+                    && XLAT_LOCAL_IPV6ADDR_STRING.equals(v6)
+                    && BASE_IFINDEX == ifindex) return;
+            fail("unsupported args: " + sock + ", " + v6 + ", " + ifindex);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Configure packet socket.
+         */
+        @Override
+        public void configurePacketSocket(@NonNull FileDescriptor sock, String v6, int ifindex)
+                throws IOException {
+            if (Objects.equals(PACKET_SOCK_PFD.getFileDescriptor(), sock)
+                    && XLAT_LOCAL_IPV6ADDR_STRING.equals(v6)
+                    && BASE_IFINDEX == ifindex) return;
+            fail("unsupported args: " + sock + ", " + v6 + ", " + ifindex);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Start clatd.
+         */
+        @Override
+        public int startClatd(@NonNull FileDescriptor tunfd, @NonNull FileDescriptor readsock6,
+                @NonNull FileDescriptor writesock6, @NonNull String iface, @NonNull String pfx96,
+                @NonNull String v4, @NonNull String v6) throws IOException {
+            if (Objects.equals(TUN_PFD.getFileDescriptor(), tunfd)
+                    && Objects.equals(PACKET_SOCK_PFD.getFileDescriptor(), readsock6)
+                    && Objects.equals(RAW_SOCK_PFD.getFileDescriptor(), writesock6)
+                    && BASE_IFACE.equals(iface)
+                    && NAT64_PREFIX_STRING.equals(pfx96)
+                    && XLAT_LOCAL_IPV4ADDR_STRING.equals(v4)
+                    && XLAT_LOCAL_IPV6ADDR_STRING.equals(v6)) {
+                return CLATD_PID;
+            }
+            fail("unsupported args: " + tunfd + ", " + readsock6 + ", " + writesock6 + ", "
+                    + ", " + iface + ", " + v4 + ", " + v6);
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Stop clatd.
+         */
+        @Override
+        public void stopClatd(@NonNull String iface, @NonNull String pfx96, @NonNull String v4,
+                @NonNull String v6, int pid) throws IOException {
+            if (pid == -1) {
+                fail("unsupported arg: " + pid);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Tag socket as clat.
+         */
+        @Override
+        public long tagSocketAsClat(@NonNull FileDescriptor sock) throws IOException {
+            if (Objects.equals(RAW_SOCK_PFD.getFileDescriptor(), sock)) {
+                return RAW_SOCK_COOKIE;
+            }
+            fail("unsupported arg: " + sock);
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Untag socket.
+         */
+        @Override
+        public void untagSocket(long cookie) throws IOException {
+            if (cookie != RAW_SOCK_COOKIE) {
+                fail("unsupported arg: " + cookie);
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    @NonNull
+    private ClatCoordinator makeClatCoordinator() throws Exception {
+        final ClatCoordinator coordinator = new ClatCoordinator(mDeps);
+        return coordinator;
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+    }
+
+    private boolean assertContainsFlag(String[] flags, String match) {
+        for (String flag : flags) {
+            if (flag.equals(match)) return true;
+        }
+        fail("Missing flag: " + match);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartStopClatd() throws Exception {
+        final ClatCoordinator coordinator = makeClatCoordinator();
+        final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mNetd, mDeps);
+        clearInvocations(mNetd, mDeps);
+
+        // [1] Start clatd.
+        final String addr6For464xlat = coordinator.clatStart(BASE_IFACE, NETID, NAT64_IP_PREFIX);
+        assertEquals(XLAT_LOCAL_IPV6ADDR_STRING, addr6For464xlat);
+
+        // Pick an IPv4 address.
+        inOrder.verify(mDeps).selectIpv4Address(eq(INIT_V4ADDR_STRING),
+                eq(INIT_V4ADDR_PREFIX_LEN));
+
+        // Generate a checksum-neutral IID.
+        inOrder.verify(mDeps).generateIpv6Address(eq(BASE_IFACE),
+                eq(XLAT_LOCAL_IPV4ADDR_STRING), eq(NAT64_PREFIX_STRING));
+
+        // Open, configure and bring up the tun interface.
+        inOrder.verify(mDeps).createTunInterface(eq(STACKED_IFACE));
+        inOrder.verify(mDeps).adoptFd(eq(TUN_FD));
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).interfaceSetEnableIPv6(eq(STACKED_IFACE), eq(false /* enable */));
+        inOrder.verify(mDeps).detectMtu(eq(NAT64_PREFIX_STRING), eq(GOOGLE_DNS_4), eq(MARK));
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).interfaceSetMtu(eq(STACKED_IFACE),
+                eq(1472 /* ETHER_MTU(1500) - MTU_DELTA(28) */));
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).interfaceSetCfg(argThat(cfg ->
+                STACKED_IFACE.equals(cfg.ifName)
+                && XLAT_LOCAL_IPV4ADDR_STRING.equals(cfg.ipv4Addr)
+                && (32 == cfg.prefixLength)
+                && "".equals(cfg.hwAddr)
+                && assertContainsFlag(cfg.flags, IF_STATE_UP)));
+
+        // Open and configure 464xlat read/write sockets.
+        inOrder.verify(mDeps).openPacketSocket();
+        inOrder.verify(mDeps).adoptFd(eq(PACKET_SOCK_FD));
+        inOrder.verify(mDeps).openRawSocket6(eq(MARK));
+        inOrder.verify(mDeps).adoptFd(eq(RAW_SOCK_FD));
+        inOrder.verify(mDeps).getInterfaceIndex(eq(BASE_IFACE));
+        inOrder.verify(mDeps).addAnycastSetsockopt(
+                argThat(fd -> Objects.equals(RAW_SOCK_PFD.getFileDescriptor(), fd)),
+                eq(XLAT_LOCAL_IPV6ADDR_STRING), eq(BASE_IFINDEX));
+        inOrder.verify(mDeps).tagSocketAsClat(
+                argThat(fd -> Objects.equals(RAW_SOCK_PFD.getFileDescriptor(), fd)));
+        inOrder.verify(mDeps).configurePacketSocket(
+                argThat(fd -> Objects.equals(PACKET_SOCK_PFD.getFileDescriptor(), fd)),
+                eq(XLAT_LOCAL_IPV6ADDR_STRING), eq(BASE_IFINDEX));
+
+        // Start clatd.
+        inOrder.verify(mDeps).startClatd(
+                argThat(fd -> Objects.equals(TUN_PFD.getFileDescriptor(), fd)),
+                argThat(fd -> Objects.equals(PACKET_SOCK_PFD.getFileDescriptor(), fd)),
+                argThat(fd -> Objects.equals(RAW_SOCK_PFD.getFileDescriptor(), fd)),
+                eq(BASE_IFACE), eq(NAT64_PREFIX_STRING),
+                eq(XLAT_LOCAL_IPV4ADDR_STRING), eq(XLAT_LOCAL_IPV6ADDR_STRING));
+        inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
+
+        // [2] Start clatd again failed.
+        assertThrows("java.io.IOException: Clatd is already running on test0 (pid 10483)",
+                IOException.class,
+                () -> coordinator.clatStart(BASE_IFACE, NETID, NAT64_IP_PREFIX));
+
+        // [3] Expect clatd to stop successfully.
+        coordinator.clatStop();
+        inOrder.verify(mDeps).stopClatd(eq(BASE_IFACE), eq(NAT64_PREFIX_STRING),
+                eq(XLAT_LOCAL_IPV4ADDR_STRING), eq(XLAT_LOCAL_IPV6ADDR_STRING), eq(CLATD_PID));
+        inOrder.verify(mDeps).untagSocket(eq(RAW_SOCK_COOKIE));
+        inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
+
+        // [4] Expect an IO exception while stopping a clatd that doesn't exist.
+        assertThrows("java.io.IOException: Clatd has not started", IOException.class,
+                () -> coordinator.clatStop());
+        inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetFwmark() throws Exception {
+        assertEquals(0xb0064, ClatCoordinator.getFwmark(100));
+        assertEquals(0xb03e8, ClatCoordinator.getFwmark(1000));
+        assertEquals(0xb2710, ClatCoordinator.getFwmark(10000));
+        assertEquals(0xbffff, ClatCoordinator.getFwmark(65535));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAdjustMtu() throws Exception {
+        // Expected mtu is that IPV6_MIN_MTU(1280) minus MTU_DELTA(28).
+        assertEquals(1252, ClatCoordinator.adjustMtu(-1 /* detect mtu failed */));
+        assertEquals(1252, ClatCoordinator.adjustMtu(500));
+        assertEquals(1252, ClatCoordinator.adjustMtu(1000));
+        assertEquals(1252, ClatCoordinator.adjustMtu(1280));
+
+        // Expected mtu is that the detected mtu minus MTU_DELTA(28).
+        assertEquals(1372, ClatCoordinator.adjustMtu(1400));
+        assertEquals(1472, ClatCoordinator.adjustMtu(ETHER_MTU));
+        assertEquals(65508, ClatCoordinator.adjustMtu(CLAT_MAX_MTU));
+
+        // Expected mtu is that CLAT_MAX_MTU(65536) minus MTU_DELTA(28).
+        assertEquals(65508, ClatCoordinator.adjustMtu(CLAT_MAX_MTU + 1 /* over maximum mtu */));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/DnsManagerTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/DnsManagerTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..24aecdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/DnsManagerTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,443 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.PRIVATE_DNS_DEFAULT_MODE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OFF;
+import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_PROVIDER_HOSTNAME;
+import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.PRIVATE_DNS_SPECIFIER;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.MAX_TRANSPORT;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.MIN_TRANSPORT;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
+import static android.net.resolv.aidl.IDnsResolverUnsolicitedEventListener.VALIDATION_RESULT_FAILURE;
+import static android.net.resolv.aidl.IDnsResolverUnsolicitedEventListener.VALIDATION_RESULT_SUCCESS;
+
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertContainsExactly;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertContainsStringsExactly;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertFieldCountEquals;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager;
+import android.net.IDnsResolver;
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.ResolverOptionsParcel;
+import android.net.ResolverParamsParcel;
+import android.net.RouteInfo;
+import android.net.shared.PrivateDnsConfig;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.provider.Settings;
+import android.test.mock.MockContentResolver;
+import android.util.SparseArray;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.internal.util.MessageUtils;
+import com.android.internal.util.test.FakeSettingsProvider;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import libcore.net.InetAddressUtils;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+/**
+ * Tests for {@link DnsManager}.
+ *
+ * Build, install and run with:
+ *  runtest frameworks-net -c com.android.server.connectivity.DnsManagerTest
+ */
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class DnsManagerTest {
+    static final String TEST_IFACENAME = "test_wlan0";
+    static final int TEST_NETID = 100;
+    static final int TEST_NETID_ALTERNATE = 101;
+    static final int TEST_NETID_UNTRACKED = 102;
+    static final int TEST_DEFAULT_SAMPLE_VALIDITY_SECONDS = 1800;
+    static final int TEST_DEFAULT_SUCCESS_THRESHOLD_PERCENT = 25;
+    static final int TEST_DEFAULT_MIN_SAMPLES = 8;
+    static final int TEST_DEFAULT_MAX_SAMPLES = 64;
+    static final int[] TEST_TRANSPORT_TYPES = {TRANSPORT_WIFI, TRANSPORT_VPN};
+
+    DnsManager mDnsManager;
+    MockContentResolver mContentResolver;
+
+    @Mock Context mCtx;
+    @Mock IDnsResolver mMockDnsResolver;
+
+    private void assertResolverOptionsEquals(
+            @Nullable ResolverOptionsParcel actual,
+            @Nullable ResolverOptionsParcel expected) {
+        if (actual == null) {
+            assertNull(expected);
+            return;
+        } else {
+            assertNotNull(expected);
+        }
+        assertEquals(actual.hosts, expected.hosts);
+        assertEquals(actual.tcMode, expected.tcMode);
+        assertEquals(actual.enforceDnsUid, expected.enforceDnsUid);
+        assertFieldCountEquals(3, ResolverOptionsParcel.class);
+    }
+
+    private void assertResolverParamsEquals(@NonNull ResolverParamsParcel actual,
+            @NonNull ResolverParamsParcel expected) {
+        assertEquals(actual.netId, expected.netId);
+        assertEquals(actual.sampleValiditySeconds, expected.sampleValiditySeconds);
+        assertEquals(actual.successThreshold, expected.successThreshold);
+        assertEquals(actual.minSamples, expected.minSamples);
+        assertEquals(actual.maxSamples, expected.maxSamples);
+        assertEquals(actual.baseTimeoutMsec, expected.baseTimeoutMsec);
+        assertEquals(actual.retryCount, expected.retryCount);
+        assertContainsStringsExactly(actual.servers, expected.servers);
+        assertContainsStringsExactly(actual.domains, expected.domains);
+        assertEquals(actual.tlsName, expected.tlsName);
+        assertContainsStringsExactly(actual.tlsServers, expected.tlsServers);
+        assertContainsStringsExactly(actual.tlsFingerprints, expected.tlsFingerprints);
+        assertEquals(actual.caCertificate, expected.caCertificate);
+        assertEquals(actual.tlsConnectTimeoutMs, expected.tlsConnectTimeoutMs);
+        assertResolverOptionsEquals(actual.resolverOptions, expected.resolverOptions);
+        assertContainsExactly(actual.transportTypes, expected.transportTypes);
+        assertFieldCountEquals(16, ResolverParamsParcel.class);
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+        mContentResolver = new MockContentResolver();
+        mContentResolver.addProvider(Settings.AUTHORITY,
+                new FakeSettingsProvider());
+        when(mCtx.getContentResolver()).thenReturn(mContentResolver);
+        mDnsManager = new DnsManager(mCtx, mMockDnsResolver);
+
+        // Clear the private DNS settings
+        Settings.Global.putString(mContentResolver, PRIVATE_DNS_DEFAULT_MODE, "");
+        Settings.Global.putString(mContentResolver, PRIVATE_DNS_MODE, "");
+        Settings.Global.putString(mContentResolver, PRIVATE_DNS_SPECIFIER, "");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTrackedValidationUpdates() throws Exception {
+        mDnsManager.updatePrivateDns(new Network(TEST_NETID),
+                mDnsManager.getPrivateDnsConfig());
+        mDnsManager.updatePrivateDns(new Network(TEST_NETID_ALTERNATE),
+                mDnsManager.getPrivateDnsConfig());
+        LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.setInterfaceName(TEST_IFACENAME);
+        lp.addDnsServer(InetAddress.getByName("3.3.3.3"));
+        lp.addDnsServer(InetAddress.getByName("4.4.4.4"));
+
+        // Send a validation event that is tracked on the alternate netId
+        mDnsManager.updateTransportsForNetwork(TEST_NETID, TEST_TRANSPORT_TYPES);
+        mDnsManager.noteDnsServersForNetwork(TEST_NETID, lp);
+        mDnsManager.flushVmDnsCache();
+        mDnsManager.updateTransportsForNetwork(TEST_NETID_ALTERNATE, TEST_TRANSPORT_TYPES);
+        mDnsManager.noteDnsServersForNetwork(TEST_NETID_ALTERNATE, lp);
+        mDnsManager.flushVmDnsCache();
+        mDnsManager.updatePrivateDnsValidation(
+                new DnsManager.PrivateDnsValidationUpdate(TEST_NETID_ALTERNATE,
+                        InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("4.4.4.4"), "",
+                        VALIDATION_RESULT_SUCCESS));
+        LinkProperties fixedLp = new LinkProperties(lp);
+        mDnsManager.updatePrivateDnsStatus(TEST_NETID, fixedLp);
+        assertFalse(fixedLp.isPrivateDnsActive());
+        assertNull(fixedLp.getPrivateDnsServerName());
+        fixedLp = new LinkProperties(lp);
+        mDnsManager.updatePrivateDnsStatus(TEST_NETID_ALTERNATE, fixedLp);
+        assertTrue(fixedLp.isPrivateDnsActive());
+        assertNull(fixedLp.getPrivateDnsServerName());
+        assertEquals(Arrays.asList(InetAddress.getByName("4.4.4.4")),
+                fixedLp.getValidatedPrivateDnsServers());
+
+        // Set up addresses for strict mode and switch to it.
+        lp.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("192.0.2.4/24"));
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo((IpPrefix) null, InetAddress.getByName("192.0.2.4"),
+                TEST_IFACENAME));
+        lp.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("2001:db8:1::1/64"));
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo((IpPrefix) null, InetAddress.getByName("2001:db8:1::1"),
+                TEST_IFACENAME));
+
+        ConnectivitySettingsManager.setPrivateDnsMode(mCtx, PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_PROVIDER_HOSTNAME);
+        ConnectivitySettingsManager.setPrivateDnsHostname(mCtx, "strictmode.com");
+        mDnsManager.updatePrivateDns(new Network(TEST_NETID),
+                new PrivateDnsConfig("strictmode.com", new InetAddress[] {
+                    InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("6.6.6.6"),
+                    InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8:66:66::1")
+                    }));
+        mDnsManager.updateTransportsForNetwork(TEST_NETID, TEST_TRANSPORT_TYPES);
+        mDnsManager.noteDnsServersForNetwork(TEST_NETID, lp);
+        mDnsManager.flushVmDnsCache();
+        fixedLp = new LinkProperties(lp);
+        mDnsManager.updatePrivateDnsStatus(TEST_NETID, fixedLp);
+        assertTrue(fixedLp.isPrivateDnsActive());
+        assertEquals("strictmode.com", fixedLp.getPrivateDnsServerName());
+        // No validation events yet.
+        assertEquals(Arrays.asList(new InetAddress[0]), fixedLp.getValidatedPrivateDnsServers());
+        // Validate one.
+        mDnsManager.updatePrivateDnsValidation(
+                new DnsManager.PrivateDnsValidationUpdate(TEST_NETID,
+                        InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("6.6.6.6"), "strictmode.com",
+                        VALIDATION_RESULT_SUCCESS));
+        fixedLp = new LinkProperties(lp);
+        mDnsManager.updatePrivateDnsStatus(TEST_NETID, fixedLp);
+        assertEquals(Arrays.asList(InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("6.6.6.6")),
+                fixedLp.getValidatedPrivateDnsServers());
+        // Validate the 2nd one.
+        mDnsManager.updatePrivateDnsValidation(
+                new DnsManager.PrivateDnsValidationUpdate(TEST_NETID,
+                        InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8:66:66::1"), "strictmode.com",
+                        VALIDATION_RESULT_SUCCESS));
+        fixedLp = new LinkProperties(lp);
+        mDnsManager.updatePrivateDnsStatus(TEST_NETID, fixedLp);
+        assertEquals(Arrays.asList(
+                        InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8:66:66::1"),
+                        InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("6.6.6.6")),
+                fixedLp.getValidatedPrivateDnsServers());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIgnoreUntrackedValidationUpdates() throws Exception {
+        // The PrivateDnsConfig map is empty, so no validation events will
+        // be tracked.
+        LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.addDnsServer(InetAddress.getByName("3.3.3.3"));
+        mDnsManager.updateTransportsForNetwork(TEST_NETID, TEST_TRANSPORT_TYPES);
+        mDnsManager.noteDnsServersForNetwork(TEST_NETID, lp);
+        mDnsManager.flushVmDnsCache();
+        mDnsManager.updatePrivateDnsValidation(
+                new DnsManager.PrivateDnsValidationUpdate(TEST_NETID,
+                        InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("3.3.3.3"), "",
+                        VALIDATION_RESULT_SUCCESS));
+        mDnsManager.updatePrivateDnsStatus(TEST_NETID, lp);
+        assertFalse(lp.isPrivateDnsActive());
+        assertNull(lp.getPrivateDnsServerName());
+
+        // Validation event has untracked netId
+        mDnsManager.updatePrivateDns(new Network(TEST_NETID),
+                mDnsManager.getPrivateDnsConfig());
+        mDnsManager.updateTransportsForNetwork(TEST_NETID, TEST_TRANSPORT_TYPES);
+        mDnsManager.noteDnsServersForNetwork(TEST_NETID, lp);
+        mDnsManager.flushVmDnsCache();
+        mDnsManager.updatePrivateDnsValidation(
+                new DnsManager.PrivateDnsValidationUpdate(TEST_NETID_UNTRACKED,
+                        InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("3.3.3.3"), "",
+                        VALIDATION_RESULT_SUCCESS));
+        mDnsManager.updatePrivateDnsStatus(TEST_NETID, lp);
+        assertFalse(lp.isPrivateDnsActive());
+        assertNull(lp.getPrivateDnsServerName());
+
+        // Validation event has untracked ipAddress
+        mDnsManager.updatePrivateDnsValidation(
+                new DnsManager.PrivateDnsValidationUpdate(TEST_NETID,
+                        InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("4.4.4.4"), "",
+                        VALIDATION_RESULT_SUCCESS));
+        mDnsManager.updatePrivateDnsStatus(TEST_NETID, lp);
+        assertFalse(lp.isPrivateDnsActive());
+        assertNull(lp.getPrivateDnsServerName());
+
+        // Validation event has untracked hostname
+        mDnsManager.updatePrivateDnsValidation(
+                new DnsManager.PrivateDnsValidationUpdate(TEST_NETID,
+                        InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("3.3.3.3"), "hostname",
+                        VALIDATION_RESULT_SUCCESS));
+        mDnsManager.updatePrivateDnsStatus(TEST_NETID, lp);
+        assertFalse(lp.isPrivateDnsActive());
+        assertNull(lp.getPrivateDnsServerName());
+
+        // Validation event failed
+        mDnsManager.updatePrivateDnsValidation(
+                new DnsManager.PrivateDnsValidationUpdate(TEST_NETID,
+                        InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("3.3.3.3"), "",
+                        VALIDATION_RESULT_FAILURE));
+        mDnsManager.updatePrivateDnsStatus(TEST_NETID, lp);
+        assertFalse(lp.isPrivateDnsActive());
+        assertNull(lp.getPrivateDnsServerName());
+
+        // Network removed
+        mDnsManager.removeNetwork(new Network(TEST_NETID));
+        mDnsManager.updatePrivateDnsValidation(
+                new DnsManager.PrivateDnsValidationUpdate(TEST_NETID,
+                        InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("3.3.3.3"), "", VALIDATION_RESULT_SUCCESS));
+        mDnsManager.updatePrivateDnsStatus(TEST_NETID, lp);
+        assertFalse(lp.isPrivateDnsActive());
+        assertNull(lp.getPrivateDnsServerName());
+
+        // Turn private DNS mode off
+        ConnectivitySettingsManager.setPrivateDnsMode(mCtx, PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OFF);
+        mDnsManager.updatePrivateDns(new Network(TEST_NETID),
+                mDnsManager.getPrivateDnsConfig());
+        mDnsManager.updateTransportsForNetwork(TEST_NETID, TEST_TRANSPORT_TYPES);
+        mDnsManager.noteDnsServersForNetwork(TEST_NETID, lp);
+        mDnsManager.flushVmDnsCache();
+        mDnsManager.updatePrivateDnsValidation(
+                new DnsManager.PrivateDnsValidationUpdate(TEST_NETID,
+                        InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("3.3.3.3"), "",
+                        VALIDATION_RESULT_SUCCESS));
+        mDnsManager.updatePrivateDnsStatus(TEST_NETID, lp);
+        assertFalse(lp.isPrivateDnsActive());
+        assertNull(lp.getPrivateDnsServerName());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOverrideDefaultMode() throws Exception {
+        // Hard-coded default is opportunistic mode.
+        final PrivateDnsConfig cfgAuto = DnsManager.getPrivateDnsConfig(mCtx);
+        assertTrue(cfgAuto.useTls);
+        assertEquals("", cfgAuto.hostname);
+        assertEquals(new InetAddress[0], cfgAuto.ips);
+
+        // Pretend a gservices push sets the default to "off".
+        ConnectivitySettingsManager.setPrivateDnsDefaultMode(mCtx, PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OFF);
+        final PrivateDnsConfig cfgOff = DnsManager.getPrivateDnsConfig(mCtx);
+        assertFalse(cfgOff.useTls);
+        assertEquals("", cfgOff.hostname);
+        assertEquals(new InetAddress[0], cfgOff.ips);
+
+        // Strict mode still works.
+        ConnectivitySettingsManager.setPrivateDnsMode(mCtx, PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_PROVIDER_HOSTNAME);
+        ConnectivitySettingsManager.setPrivateDnsHostname(mCtx, "strictmode.com");
+        final PrivateDnsConfig cfgStrict = DnsManager.getPrivateDnsConfig(mCtx);
+        assertTrue(cfgStrict.useTls);
+        assertEquals("strictmode.com", cfgStrict.hostname);
+        assertEquals(new InetAddress[0], cfgStrict.ips);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSendDnsConfiguration() throws Exception {
+        reset(mMockDnsResolver);
+        mDnsManager.updatePrivateDns(new Network(TEST_NETID),
+                mDnsManager.getPrivateDnsConfig());
+        final LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.setInterfaceName(TEST_IFACENAME);
+        lp.addDnsServer(InetAddress.getByName("3.3.3.3"));
+        lp.addDnsServer(InetAddress.getByName("4.4.4.4"));
+        mDnsManager.updateTransportsForNetwork(TEST_NETID, TEST_TRANSPORT_TYPES);
+        mDnsManager.noteDnsServersForNetwork(TEST_NETID, lp);
+        mDnsManager.flushVmDnsCache();
+
+        final ArgumentCaptor<ResolverParamsParcel> resolverParamsParcelCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(ResolverParamsParcel.class);
+        verify(mMockDnsResolver, times(1)).setResolverConfiguration(
+                resolverParamsParcelCaptor.capture());
+        final ResolverParamsParcel actualParams = resolverParamsParcelCaptor.getValue();
+        final ResolverParamsParcel expectedParams = new ResolverParamsParcel();
+        expectedParams.netId = TEST_NETID;
+        expectedParams.sampleValiditySeconds = TEST_DEFAULT_SAMPLE_VALIDITY_SECONDS;
+        expectedParams.successThreshold = TEST_DEFAULT_SUCCESS_THRESHOLD_PERCENT;
+        expectedParams.minSamples = TEST_DEFAULT_MIN_SAMPLES;
+        expectedParams.maxSamples = TEST_DEFAULT_MAX_SAMPLES;
+        expectedParams.servers = new String[]{"3.3.3.3", "4.4.4.4"};
+        expectedParams.domains = new String[]{};
+        expectedParams.tlsName = "";
+        expectedParams.tlsServers = new String[]{"3.3.3.3", "4.4.4.4"};
+        expectedParams.transportTypes = TEST_TRANSPORT_TYPES;
+        expectedParams.resolverOptions = null;
+        assertResolverParamsEquals(actualParams, expectedParams);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTransportTypesEqual() throws Exception {
+        SparseArray<String> ncTransTypes = MessageUtils.findMessageNames(
+                new Class[] { NetworkCapabilities.class }, new String[]{ "TRANSPORT_" });
+        SparseArray<String> dnsTransTypes = MessageUtils.findMessageNames(
+                new Class[] { IDnsResolver.class }, new String[]{ "TRANSPORT_" });
+        assertEquals(0, MIN_TRANSPORT);
+        assertEquals(MAX_TRANSPORT + 1, ncTransTypes.size());
+        // TRANSPORT_UNKNOWN in IDnsResolver is defined to -1 and only for resolver.
+        assertEquals("TRANSPORT_UNKNOWN", dnsTransTypes.get(-1));
+        assertEquals(ncTransTypes.size(), dnsTransTypes.size() - 1);
+        for (int i = MIN_TRANSPORT; i < MAX_TRANSPORT; i++) {
+            String name = ncTransTypes.get(i, null);
+            assertNotNull("Could not find NetworkCapabilies.TRANSPORT_* constant equal to "
+                    + i, name);
+            assertEquals(name, dnsTransTypes.get(i));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetPrivateDnsConfigForNetwork() throws Exception {
+        final Network network = new Network(TEST_NETID);
+        final InetAddress dnsAddr = InetAddressUtils.parseNumericAddress("3.3.3.3");
+        final InetAddress[] tlsAddrs = new InetAddress[]{
+            InetAddressUtils.parseNumericAddress("6.6.6.6"),
+            InetAddressUtils.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8:66:66::1")
+        };
+        final String tlsName = "strictmode.com";
+        LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.addDnsServer(dnsAddr);
+
+        // The PrivateDnsConfig map is empty, so the default PRIVATE_DNS_OFF is returned.
+        PrivateDnsConfig privateDnsCfg = mDnsManager.getPrivateDnsConfig(network);
+        assertFalse(privateDnsCfg.useTls);
+        assertEquals("", privateDnsCfg.hostname);
+        assertEquals(new InetAddress[0], privateDnsCfg.ips);
+
+        // An entry with default PrivateDnsConfig is added to the PrivateDnsConfig map.
+        mDnsManager.updatePrivateDns(network, mDnsManager.getPrivateDnsConfig());
+        mDnsManager.noteDnsServersForNetwork(TEST_NETID, lp);
+        mDnsManager.updatePrivateDnsValidation(
+                new DnsManager.PrivateDnsValidationUpdate(TEST_NETID, dnsAddr, "",
+                        VALIDATION_RESULT_SUCCESS));
+        mDnsManager.updatePrivateDnsStatus(TEST_NETID, lp);
+        privateDnsCfg = mDnsManager.getPrivateDnsConfig(network);
+        assertTrue(privateDnsCfg.useTls);
+        assertEquals("", privateDnsCfg.hostname);
+        assertEquals(new InetAddress[0], privateDnsCfg.ips);
+
+        // The original entry is overwritten by a new PrivateDnsConfig.
+        mDnsManager.updatePrivateDns(network, new PrivateDnsConfig(tlsName, tlsAddrs));
+        mDnsManager.updatePrivateDnsStatus(TEST_NETID, lp);
+        privateDnsCfg = mDnsManager.getPrivateDnsConfig(network);
+        assertTrue(privateDnsCfg.useTls);
+        assertEquals(tlsName, privateDnsCfg.hostname);
+        assertEquals(tlsAddrs, privateDnsCfg.ips);
+
+        // The network is removed, so the PrivateDnsConfig map becomes empty again.
+        mDnsManager.removeNetwork(network);
+        privateDnsCfg = mDnsManager.getPrivateDnsConfig(network);
+        assertFalse(privateDnsCfg.useTls);
+        assertEquals("", privateDnsCfg.hostname);
+        assertEquals(new InetAddress[0], privateDnsCfg.ips);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScoreTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScoreTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e7f6245
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScoreTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity
+
+import android.net.NetworkAgentConfig
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
+import android.net.NetworkScore.KEEP_CONNECTED_NONE
+import android.os.Build
+import android.text.TextUtils
+import android.util.ArraySet
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.MAX_CS_MANAGED_POLICY
+import com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_ACCEPT_UNVALIDATED
+import com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_EVER_USER_SELECTED
+import com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_IS_DESTROYED
+import com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_IS_UNMETERED
+import com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_IS_VALIDATED
+import com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_IS_VPN
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import kotlin.reflect.full.staticProperties
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith
+import kotlin.test.assertFalse
+import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+class FullScoreTest {
+    // Convenience methods
+    fun FullScore.withPolicies(
+        validated: Boolean = false,
+        vpn: Boolean = false,
+        onceChosen: Boolean = false,
+        acceptUnvalidated: Boolean = false,
+        destroyed: Boolean = false
+    ): FullScore {
+        val nac = NetworkAgentConfig.Builder().apply {
+            setUnvalidatedConnectivityAcceptable(acceptUnvalidated)
+            setExplicitlySelected(onceChosen)
+        }.build()
+        val nc = NetworkCapabilities.Builder().apply {
+            if (vpn) addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN)
+            if (validated) addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED)
+        }.build()
+        return mixInScore(nc, nac, validated, false /* yieldToBadWifi */, destroyed)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetLegacyInt() {
+        val ns = FullScore(50, 0L /* policy */, KEEP_CONNECTED_NONE)
+        assertEquals(10, ns.legacyInt) // -40 penalty for not being validated
+        assertEquals(50, ns.legacyIntAsValidated)
+
+        val vpnNs = FullScore(101, 0L /* policy */, KEEP_CONNECTED_NONE).withPolicies(vpn = true)
+        assertEquals(101, vpnNs.legacyInt) // VPNs are not subject to unvalidation penalty
+        assertEquals(101, vpnNs.legacyIntAsValidated)
+        assertEquals(101, vpnNs.withPolicies(validated = true).legacyInt)
+        assertEquals(101, vpnNs.withPolicies(validated = true).legacyIntAsValidated)
+
+        val validatedNs = ns.withPolicies(validated = true)
+        assertEquals(50, validatedNs.legacyInt) // No penalty, this is validated
+        assertEquals(50, validatedNs.legacyIntAsValidated)
+
+        val chosenNs = ns.withPolicies(onceChosen = true)
+        assertEquals(10, chosenNs.legacyInt)
+        assertEquals(100, chosenNs.legacyIntAsValidated)
+        assertEquals(10, chosenNs.withPolicies(acceptUnvalidated = true).legacyInt)
+        assertEquals(50, chosenNs.withPolicies(acceptUnvalidated = true).legacyIntAsValidated)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testToString() {
+        val string = FullScore(10, 0L /* policy */, KEEP_CONNECTED_NONE)
+                .withPolicies(vpn = true, acceptUnvalidated = true).toString()
+        assertTrue(string.contains("Score(10"), string)
+        assertTrue(string.contains("ACCEPT_UNVALIDATED"), string)
+        assertTrue(string.contains("IS_VPN"), string)
+        assertFalse(string.contains("IS_VALIDATED"), string)
+        val foundNames = ArraySet<String>()
+        getAllPolicies().forEach {
+            val name = FullScore.policyNameOf(it.get() as Int)
+            assertFalse(TextUtils.isEmpty(name))
+            assertFalse(foundNames.contains(name))
+            foundNames.add(name)
+        }
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
+            FullScore.policyNameOf(MAX_CS_MANAGED_POLICY + 1)
+        }
+        assertEquals("IS_UNMETERED", FullScore.policyNameOf(POLICY_IS_UNMETERED))
+    }
+
+    fun getAllPolicies() = Regex("POLICY_.*").let { nameRegex ->
+        FullScore::class.staticProperties.filter { it.name.matches(nameRegex) }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testHasPolicy() {
+        val ns = FullScore(50, 0L /* policy */, KEEP_CONNECTED_NONE)
+        assertFalse(ns.hasPolicy(POLICY_IS_VALIDATED))
+        assertFalse(ns.hasPolicy(POLICY_IS_VPN))
+        assertFalse(ns.hasPolicy(POLICY_EVER_USER_SELECTED))
+        assertFalse(ns.hasPolicy(POLICY_ACCEPT_UNVALIDATED))
+        assertTrue(ns.withPolicies(validated = true).hasPolicy(POLICY_IS_VALIDATED))
+        assertTrue(ns.withPolicies(vpn = true).hasPolicy(POLICY_IS_VPN))
+        assertTrue(ns.withPolicies(onceChosen = true).hasPolicy(POLICY_EVER_USER_SELECTED))
+        assertTrue(ns.withPolicies(acceptUnvalidated = true).hasPolicy(POLICY_ACCEPT_UNVALIDATED))
+        assertTrue(ns.withPolicies(destroyed = true).hasPolicy(POLICY_IS_DESTROYED))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMinMaxPolicyConstants() {
+        val policies = getAllPolicies()
+
+        policies.forEach { policy ->
+            assertTrue(policy.get() as Int >= FullScore.MIN_CS_MANAGED_POLICY)
+            assertTrue(policy.get() as Int <= FullScore.MAX_CS_MANAGED_POLICY)
+        }
+        assertEquals(FullScore.MIN_CS_MANAGED_POLICY,
+                policies.minOfOrNull { it.get() as Int })
+        assertEquals(FullScore.MAX_CS_MANAGED_POLICY,
+                policies.maxOfOrNull { it.get() as Int })
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/IpConnectivityEventBuilderTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/IpConnectivityEventBuilderTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..52b05aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/IpConnectivityEventBuilderTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,563 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.MetricsTestUtil.aLong;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.MetricsTestUtil.aString;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.MetricsTestUtil.aType;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.MetricsTestUtil.anInt;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.MetricsTestUtil.describeIpEvent;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.metrics.nano.IpConnectivityLogClass.BLUETOOTH;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.metrics.nano.IpConnectivityLogClass.CELLULAR;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.metrics.nano.IpConnectivityLogClass.IpConnectivityLog;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.metrics.nano.IpConnectivityLogClass.MULTIPLE;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.metrics.nano.IpConnectivityLogClass.WIFI;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import android.net.ConnectivityMetricsEvent;
+import android.net.metrics.ApfProgramEvent;
+import android.net.metrics.ApfStats;
+import android.net.metrics.DefaultNetworkEvent;
+import android.net.metrics.DhcpClientEvent;
+import android.net.metrics.DhcpErrorEvent;
+import android.net.metrics.IpManagerEvent;
+import android.net.metrics.IpReachabilityEvent;
+import android.net.metrics.NetworkEvent;
+import android.net.metrics.RaEvent;
+import android.net.metrics.ValidationProbeEvent;
+import android.net.metrics.WakeupStats;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.test.suitebuilder.annotation.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.server.connectivity.metrics.nano.IpConnectivityLogClass.IpConnectivityEvent;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+// TODO: instead of comparing textpb to textpb, parse textpb and compare proto to proto.
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class IpConnectivityEventBuilderTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLinkLayerInferrence() {
+        ConnectivityMetricsEvent ev = describeIpEvent(
+                aType(IpReachabilityEvent.class),
+                anInt(IpReachabilityEvent.NUD_FAILED));
+
+        String want = String.join("\n",
+                "dropped_events: 0",
+                "events <",
+                "  if_name: \"\"",
+                "  link_layer: 0",
+                "  network_id: 0",
+                "  time_ms: 1",
+                "  transports: 0",
+                "  ip_reachability_event <",
+                "    event_type: 512",
+                "    if_name: \"\"",
+                "  >",
+                ">",
+                "version: 2\n");
+        verifySerialization(want, ev);
+
+        ev.netId = 123;
+        ev.transports = 3; // transports have priority for inferrence of link layer
+        ev.ifname = "wlan0";
+        want = String.join("\n",
+                "dropped_events: 0",
+                "events <",
+                "  if_name: \"\"",
+                String.format("  link_layer: %d", MULTIPLE),
+                "  network_id: 123",
+                "  time_ms: 1",
+                "  transports: 3",
+                "  ip_reachability_event <",
+                "    event_type: 512",
+                "    if_name: \"\"",
+                "  >",
+                ">",
+                "version: 2\n");
+        verifySerialization(want, ev);
+
+        ev.transports = 1;
+        ev.ifname = null;
+        want = String.join("\n",
+                "dropped_events: 0",
+                "events <",
+                "  if_name: \"\"",
+                String.format("  link_layer: %d", CELLULAR),
+                "  network_id: 123",
+                "  time_ms: 1",
+                "  transports: 1",
+                "  ip_reachability_event <",
+                "    event_type: 512",
+                "    if_name: \"\"",
+                "  >",
+                ">",
+                "version: 2\n");
+        verifySerialization(want, ev);
+
+        ev.transports = 0;
+        ev.ifname = "not_inferred";
+        want = String.join("\n",
+                "dropped_events: 0",
+                "events <",
+                "  if_name: \"not_inferred\"",
+                "  link_layer: 0",
+                "  network_id: 123",
+                "  time_ms: 1",
+                "  transports: 0",
+                "  ip_reachability_event <",
+                "    event_type: 512",
+                "    if_name: \"\"",
+                "  >",
+                ">",
+                "version: 2\n");
+        verifySerialization(want, ev);
+
+        ev.ifname = "bt-pan";
+        want = String.join("\n",
+                "dropped_events: 0",
+                "events <",
+                "  if_name: \"\"",
+                String.format("  link_layer: %d", BLUETOOTH),
+                "  network_id: 123",
+                "  time_ms: 1",
+                "  transports: 0",
+                "  ip_reachability_event <",
+                "    event_type: 512",
+                "    if_name: \"\"",
+                "  >",
+                ">",
+                "version: 2\n");
+        verifySerialization(want, ev);
+
+        ev.ifname = "rmnet_ipa0";
+        want = String.join("\n",
+                "dropped_events: 0",
+                "events <",
+                "  if_name: \"\"",
+                String.format("  link_layer: %d", CELLULAR),
+                "  network_id: 123",
+                "  time_ms: 1",
+                "  transports: 0",
+                "  ip_reachability_event <",
+                "    event_type: 512",
+                "    if_name: \"\"",
+                "  >",
+                ">",
+                "version: 2\n");
+        verifySerialization(want, ev);
+
+        ev.ifname = "wlan0";
+        want = String.join("\n",
+                "dropped_events: 0",
+                "events <",
+                "  if_name: \"\"",
+                String.format("  link_layer: %d", WIFI),
+                "  network_id: 123",
+                "  time_ms: 1",
+                "  transports: 0",
+                "  ip_reachability_event <",
+                "    event_type: 512",
+                "    if_name: \"\"",
+                "  >",
+                ">",
+                "version: 2\n");
+        verifySerialization(want, ev);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDefaultNetworkEventSerialization() {
+        DefaultNetworkEvent ev = new DefaultNetworkEvent(1001);
+        ev.netId = 102;
+        ev.transports = 2;
+        ev.previousTransports = 4;
+        ev.ipv4 = true;
+        ev.initialScore = 20;
+        ev.finalScore = 60;
+        ev.durationMs = 54;
+        ev.validatedMs = 27;
+
+        String want = String.join("\n",
+                "dropped_events: 0",
+                "events <",
+                "  if_name: \"\"",
+                "  link_layer: 4",
+                "  network_id: 102",
+                "  time_ms: 0",
+                "  transports: 2",
+                "  default_network_event <",
+                "    default_network_duration_ms: 54",
+                "    final_score: 60",
+                "    initial_score: 20",
+                "    ip_support: 1",
+                "    no_default_network_duration_ms: 0",
+                "    previous_default_network_link_layer: 1",
+                "    previous_network_ip_support: 0",
+                "    validation_duration_ms: 27",
+                "  >",
+                ">",
+                "version: 2\n");
+
+        verifySerialization(want, IpConnectivityEventBuilder.toProto(ev));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDhcpClientEventSerialization() {
+        ConnectivityMetricsEvent ev = describeIpEvent(
+                aType(DhcpClientEvent.class),
+                aString("SomeState"),
+                anInt(192));
+
+        String want = String.join("\n",
+                "dropped_events: 0",
+                "events <",
+                "  if_name: \"\"",
+                "  link_layer: 0",
+                "  network_id: 0",
+                "  time_ms: 1",
+                "  transports: 0",
+                "  dhcp_event <",
+                "    duration_ms: 192",
+                "    if_name: \"\"",
+                "    state_transition: \"SomeState\"",
+                "  >",
+                ">",
+                "version: 2\n");
+
+        verifySerialization(want, ev);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDhcpErrorEventSerialization() {
+        ConnectivityMetricsEvent ev = describeIpEvent(
+                aType(DhcpErrorEvent.class),
+                anInt(DhcpErrorEvent.L4_NOT_UDP));
+
+        String want = String.join("\n",
+                "dropped_events: 0",
+                "events <",
+                "  if_name: \"\"",
+                "  link_layer: 0",
+                "  network_id: 0",
+                "  time_ms: 1",
+                "  transports: 0",
+                "  dhcp_event <",
+                "    duration_ms: 0",
+                "    if_name: \"\"",
+                "    error_code: 50397184",
+                "  >",
+                ">",
+                "version: 2\n");
+
+        verifySerialization(want, ev);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIpManagerEventSerialization() {
+        ConnectivityMetricsEvent ev = describeIpEvent(
+                aType(IpManagerEvent.class),
+                anInt(IpManagerEvent.PROVISIONING_OK),
+                aLong(5678));
+
+        String want = String.join("\n",
+                "dropped_events: 0",
+                "events <",
+                "  if_name: \"\"",
+                "  link_layer: 0",
+                "  network_id: 0",
+                "  time_ms: 1",
+                "  transports: 0",
+                "  ip_provisioning_event <",
+                "    event_type: 1",
+                "    if_name: \"\"",
+                "    latency_ms: 5678",
+                "  >",
+                ">",
+                "version: 2\n");
+
+        verifySerialization(want, ev);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIpReachabilityEventSerialization() {
+        ConnectivityMetricsEvent ev = describeIpEvent(
+                aType(IpReachabilityEvent.class),
+                anInt(IpReachabilityEvent.NUD_FAILED));
+
+        String want = String.join("\n",
+                "dropped_events: 0",
+                "events <",
+                "  if_name: \"\"",
+                "  link_layer: 0",
+                "  network_id: 0",
+                "  time_ms: 1",
+                "  transports: 0",
+                "  ip_reachability_event <",
+                "    event_type: 512",
+                "    if_name: \"\"",
+                "  >",
+                ">",
+                "version: 2\n");
+
+        verifySerialization(want, ev);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkEventSerialization() {
+        ConnectivityMetricsEvent ev = describeIpEvent(
+                aType(NetworkEvent.class),
+                anInt(5),
+                aLong(20410));
+
+        String want = String.join("\n",
+                "dropped_events: 0",
+                "events <",
+                "  if_name: \"\"",
+                "  link_layer: 0",
+                "  network_id: 0",
+                "  time_ms: 1",
+                "  transports: 0",
+                "  network_event <",
+                "    event_type: 5",
+                "    latency_ms: 20410",
+                "  >",
+                ">",
+                "version: 2\n");
+
+        verifySerialization(want, ev);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testValidationProbeEventSerialization() {
+        ConnectivityMetricsEvent ev = describeIpEvent(
+                aType(ValidationProbeEvent.class),
+                aLong(40730),
+                anInt(ValidationProbeEvent.PROBE_HTTP),
+                anInt(204));
+
+        String want = String.join("\n",
+                "dropped_events: 0",
+                "events <",
+                "  if_name: \"\"",
+                "  link_layer: 0",
+                "  network_id: 0",
+                "  time_ms: 1",
+                "  transports: 0",
+                "  validation_probe_event <",
+                "    latency_ms: 40730",
+                "    probe_result: 204",
+                "    probe_type: 1",
+                "  >",
+                ">",
+                "version: 2\n");
+
+        verifySerialization(want, ev);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testApfProgramEventSerialization() {
+        ConnectivityMetricsEvent ev = describeIpEvent(
+                aType(ApfProgramEvent.class),
+                aLong(200),
+                aLong(18),
+                anInt(7),
+                anInt(9),
+                anInt(2048),
+                anInt(3));
+
+        String want = String.join("\n",
+                "dropped_events: 0",
+                "events <",
+                "  if_name: \"\"",
+                "  link_layer: 0",
+                "  network_id: 0",
+                "  time_ms: 1",
+                "  transports: 0",
+                "  apf_program_event <",
+                "    current_ras: 9",
+                "    drop_multicast: true",
+                "    effective_lifetime: 18",
+                "    filtered_ras: 7",
+                "    has_ipv4_addr: true",
+                "    lifetime: 200",
+                "    program_length: 2048",
+                "  >",
+                ">",
+                "version: 2\n");
+
+        verifySerialization(want, ev);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testApfStatsSerialization() {
+        ConnectivityMetricsEvent ev = describeIpEvent(
+                aType(ApfStats.class),
+                aLong(45000),
+                anInt(10),
+                anInt(2),
+                anInt(2),
+                anInt(1),
+                anInt(2),
+                anInt(4),
+                anInt(7),
+                anInt(3),
+                anInt(2048));
+
+        String want = String.join("\n",
+                "dropped_events: 0",
+                "events <",
+                "  if_name: \"\"",
+                "  link_layer: 0",
+                "  network_id: 0",
+                "  time_ms: 1",
+                "  transports: 0",
+                "  apf_statistics <",
+                "    dropped_ras: 2",
+                "    duration_ms: 45000",
+                "    matching_ras: 2",
+                "    max_program_size: 2048",
+                "    parse_errors: 2",
+                "    program_updates: 4",
+                "    program_updates_all: 7",
+                "    program_updates_allowing_multicast: 3",
+                "    received_ras: 10",
+                "    total_packet_dropped: 0",
+                "    total_packet_processed: 0",
+                "    zero_lifetime_ras: 1",
+                "  >",
+                ">",
+                "version: 2\n");
+
+        verifySerialization(want, ev);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRaEventSerialization() {
+        ConnectivityMetricsEvent ev = describeIpEvent(
+                aType(RaEvent.class),
+                aLong(2000),
+                aLong(400),
+                aLong(300),
+                aLong(-1),
+                aLong(1000),
+                aLong(-1));
+
+        String want = String.join("\n",
+                "dropped_events: 0",
+                "events <",
+                "  if_name: \"\"",
+                "  link_layer: 0",
+                "  network_id: 0",
+                "  time_ms: 1",
+                "  transports: 0",
+                "  ra_event <",
+                "    dnssl_lifetime: -1",
+                "    prefix_preferred_lifetime: 300",
+                "    prefix_valid_lifetime: 400",
+                "    rdnss_lifetime: 1000",
+                "    route_info_lifetime: -1",
+                "    router_lifetime: 2000",
+                "  >",
+                ">",
+                "version: 2\n");
+
+        verifySerialization(want, ev);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testWakeupStatsSerialization() {
+        WakeupStats stats = new WakeupStats("wlan0");
+        stats.totalWakeups = 14;
+        stats.applicationWakeups = 5;
+        stats.nonApplicationWakeups = 1;
+        stats.rootWakeups = 2;
+        stats.systemWakeups = 3;
+        stats.noUidWakeups = 3;
+        stats.l2UnicastCount = 5;
+        stats.l2MulticastCount = 1;
+        stats.l2BroadcastCount = 2;
+        stats.ethertypes.put(0x800, 3);
+        stats.ethertypes.put(0x86dd, 3);
+        stats.ipNextHeaders.put(6, 5);
+
+
+        IpConnectivityEvent got = IpConnectivityEventBuilder.toProto(stats);
+        String want = String.join("\n",
+                "dropped_events: 0",
+                "events <",
+                "  if_name: \"\"",
+                "  link_layer: 4",
+                "  network_id: 0",
+                "  time_ms: 0",
+                "  transports: 0",
+                "  wakeup_stats <",
+                "    application_wakeups: 5",
+                "    duration_sec: 0",
+                "    ethertype_counts <",
+                "      key: 2048",
+                "      value: 3",
+                "    >",
+                "    ethertype_counts <",
+                "      key: 34525",
+                "      value: 3",
+                "    >",
+                "    ip_next_header_counts <",
+                "      key: 6",
+                "      value: 5",
+                "    >",
+                "    l2_broadcast_count: 2",
+                "    l2_multicast_count: 1",
+                "    l2_unicast_count: 5",
+                "    no_uid_wakeups: 3",
+                "    non_application_wakeups: 1",
+                "    root_wakeups: 2",
+                "    system_wakeups: 3",
+                "    total_wakeups: 14",
+                "  >",
+                ">",
+                "version: 2\n");
+
+        verifySerialization(want, got);
+    }
+
+    static void verifySerialization(String want, ConnectivityMetricsEvent... input) {
+        List<IpConnectivityEvent> protoInput =
+                IpConnectivityEventBuilder.toProto(Arrays.asList(input));
+        verifySerialization(want, protoInput.toArray(new IpConnectivityEvent[0]));
+    }
+
+    static void verifySerialization(String want, IpConnectivityEvent... input) {
+        try {
+            byte[] got = IpConnectivityEventBuilder.serialize(0, Arrays.asList(input));
+            IpConnectivityLog log = IpConnectivityLog.parseFrom(got);
+            assertEquals(want, log.toString());
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            fail(e.toString());
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/IpConnectivityMetricsTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/IpConnectivityMetricsTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..063ccd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/IpConnectivityMetricsTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,647 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import static android.net.metrics.INetdEventListener.EVENT_GETADDRINFO;
+import static android.net.metrics.INetdEventListener.EVENT_GETHOSTBYNAME;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.ConnectivityMetricsEvent;
+import android.net.IIpConnectivityMetrics;
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.RouteInfo;
+import android.net.metrics.ApfProgramEvent;
+import android.net.metrics.ApfStats;
+import android.net.metrics.DhcpClientEvent;
+import android.net.metrics.IpConnectivityLog;
+import android.net.metrics.IpManagerEvent;
+import android.net.metrics.IpReachabilityEvent;
+import android.net.metrics.RaEvent;
+import android.net.metrics.ValidationProbeEvent;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+import android.system.OsConstants;
+import android.test.suitebuilder.annotation.SmallTest;
+import android.util.Base64;
+
+import com.android.internal.util.BitUtils;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.metrics.nano.IpConnectivityLogClass;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.io.StringWriter;
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class IpConnectivityMetricsTest {
+    static final IpReachabilityEvent FAKE_EV =
+            new IpReachabilityEvent(IpReachabilityEvent.NUD_FAILED);
+
+    private static final String EXAMPLE_IPV4 = "192.0.2.1";
+    private static final String EXAMPLE_IPV6 = "2001:db8:1200::2:1";
+
+    private static final byte[] MAC_ADDR =
+            {(byte)0x84, (byte)0xc9, (byte)0xb2, (byte)0x6a, (byte)0xed, (byte)0x4b};
+
+    @Mock Context mCtx;
+    @Mock IIpConnectivityMetrics mMockService;
+    @Mock ConnectivityManager mCm;
+
+    IpConnectivityMetrics mService;
+    NetdEventListenerService mNetdListener;
+    private static final NetworkCapabilities CAPABILITIES_WIFI = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+            .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+            .build();
+    private static final NetworkCapabilities CAPABILITIES_CELL = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+            .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+            .build();
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+        mService = new IpConnectivityMetrics(mCtx, (ctx) -> 2000);
+        mNetdListener = new NetdEventListenerService(mCm);
+        mService.mNetdListener = mNetdListener;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBufferFlushing() {
+        String output1 = getdump("flush");
+        assertEquals("", output1);
+
+        new IpConnectivityLog(mService.impl).log(1, FAKE_EV);
+        String output2 = getdump("flush");
+        assertFalse("".equals(output2));
+
+        String output3 = getdump("flush");
+        assertEquals("", output3);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRateLimiting() {
+        final IpConnectivityLog logger = new IpConnectivityLog(mService.impl);
+        final ApfProgramEvent ev = new ApfProgramEvent.Builder().build();
+        final long fakeTimestamp = 1;
+
+        int attempt = 100; // More than burst quota, but less than buffer size.
+        for (int i = 0; i < attempt; i++) {
+            logger.log(ev);
+        }
+
+        String output1 = getdump("flush");
+        assertFalse("".equals(output1));
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < attempt; i++) {
+            assertFalse("expected event to be dropped", logger.log(fakeTimestamp, ev));
+        }
+
+        String output2 = getdump("flush");
+        assertEquals("", output2);
+    }
+
+    private void logDefaultNetworkEvent(long timeMs, NetworkAgentInfo nai,
+            NetworkAgentInfo oldNai) {
+        final Network network = (nai != null) ? nai.network() : null;
+        final int score = (nai != null) ? nai.getCurrentScore() : 0;
+        final boolean validated = (nai != null) ? nai.lastValidated : false;
+        final LinkProperties lp = (nai != null) ? nai.linkProperties : null;
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = (nai != null) ? nai.networkCapabilities : null;
+
+        final Network prevNetwork = (oldNai != null) ? oldNai.network() : null;
+        final int prevScore = (oldNai != null) ? oldNai.getCurrentScore() : 0;
+        final LinkProperties prevLp = (oldNai != null) ? oldNai.linkProperties : null;
+        final NetworkCapabilities prevNc = (oldNai != null) ? oldNai.networkCapabilities : null;
+
+        mService.mDefaultNetworkMetrics.logDefaultNetworkEvent(timeMs, network, score, validated,
+                lp, nc, prevNetwork, prevScore, prevLp, prevNc);
+    }
+    @Test
+    public void testDefaultNetworkEvents() throws Exception {
+        final long cell = BitUtils.packBits(new int[]{NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR});
+        final long wifi = BitUtils.packBits(new int[]{NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI});
+
+        NetworkAgentInfo[][] defaultNetworks = {
+            // nothing -> cell
+            {null, makeNai(100, 10, false, true, cell)},
+            // cell -> wifi
+            {makeNai(100, 50, true, true, cell), makeNai(101, 20, true, false, wifi)},
+            // wifi -> nothing
+            {makeNai(101, 60, true, false, wifi), null},
+            // nothing -> cell
+            {null, makeNai(102, 10, true, true, cell)},
+            // cell -> wifi
+            {makeNai(102, 50, true, true, cell), makeNai(103, 20, true, false, wifi)},
+        };
+
+        long timeMs = mService.mDefaultNetworkMetrics.creationTimeMs;
+        long durationMs = 1001;
+        for (NetworkAgentInfo[] pair : defaultNetworks) {
+            timeMs += durationMs;
+            durationMs += durationMs;
+            logDefaultNetworkEvent(timeMs, pair[1], pair[0]);
+        }
+
+        String want = String.join("\n",
+                "dropped_events: 0",
+                "events <",
+                "  if_name: \"\"",
+                "  link_layer: 5",
+                "  network_id: 0",
+                "  time_ms: 0",
+                "  transports: 0",
+                "  default_network_event <",
+                "    default_network_duration_ms: 1001",
+                "    final_score: 0",
+                "    initial_score: 0",
+                "    ip_support: 0",
+                "    no_default_network_duration_ms: 0",
+                "    previous_default_network_link_layer: 0",
+                "    previous_network_ip_support: 0",
+                "    validation_duration_ms: 0",
+                "  >",
+                ">",
+                "events <",
+                "  if_name: \"\"",
+                "  link_layer: 2",
+                "  network_id: 100",
+                "  time_ms: 0",
+                "  transports: 1",
+                "  default_network_event <",
+                "    default_network_duration_ms: 2002",
+                "    final_score: 50",
+                "    initial_score: 10",
+                "    ip_support: 3",
+                "    no_default_network_duration_ms: 0",
+                "    previous_default_network_link_layer: 0",
+                "    previous_network_ip_support: 0",
+                "    validation_duration_ms: 2002",
+                "  >",
+                ">",
+                "events <",
+                "  if_name: \"\"",
+                "  link_layer: 4",
+                "  network_id: 101",
+                "  time_ms: 0",
+                "  transports: 2",
+                "  default_network_event <",
+                "    default_network_duration_ms: 4004",
+                "    final_score: 60",
+                "    initial_score: 20",
+                "    ip_support: 1",
+                "    no_default_network_duration_ms: 0",
+                "    previous_default_network_link_layer: 2",
+                "    previous_network_ip_support: 0",
+                "    validation_duration_ms: 4004",
+                "  >",
+                ">",
+                "events <",
+                "  if_name: \"\"",
+                "  link_layer: 5",
+                "  network_id: 0",
+                "  time_ms: 0",
+                "  transports: 0",
+                "  default_network_event <",
+                "    default_network_duration_ms: 8008",
+                "    final_score: 0",
+                "    initial_score: 0",
+                "    ip_support: 0",
+                "    no_default_network_duration_ms: 0",
+                "    previous_default_network_link_layer: 4",
+                "    previous_network_ip_support: 0",
+                "    validation_duration_ms: 0",
+                "  >",
+                ">",
+                "events <",
+                "  if_name: \"\"",
+                "  link_layer: 2",
+                "  network_id: 102",
+                "  time_ms: 0",
+                "  transports: 1",
+                "  default_network_event <",
+                "    default_network_duration_ms: 16016",
+                "    final_score: 50",
+                "    initial_score: 10",
+                "    ip_support: 3",
+                "    no_default_network_duration_ms: 0",
+                "    previous_default_network_link_layer: 4",
+                "    previous_network_ip_support: 0",
+                "    validation_duration_ms: 16016",
+                "  >",
+                ">",
+                "version: 2\n");
+
+        verifySerialization(want, getdump("flush"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEndToEndLogging() throws Exception {
+        // TODO: instead of comparing textpb to textpb, parse textpb and compare proto to proto.
+        IpConnectivityLog logger = new IpConnectivityLog(mService.impl);
+
+        ApfStats apfStats = new ApfStats.Builder()
+                .setDurationMs(45000)
+                .setReceivedRas(10)
+                .setMatchingRas(2)
+                .setDroppedRas(2)
+                .setParseErrors(2)
+                .setZeroLifetimeRas(1)
+                .setProgramUpdates(4)
+                .setProgramUpdatesAll(7)
+                .setProgramUpdatesAllowingMulticast(3)
+                .setMaxProgramSize(2048)
+                .build();
+
+        final ValidationProbeEvent validationEv = new ValidationProbeEvent.Builder()
+                .setDurationMs(40730)
+                .setProbeType(ValidationProbeEvent.PROBE_HTTP, true)
+                .setReturnCode(204)
+                .build();
+
+        final DhcpClientEvent event = new DhcpClientEvent.Builder()
+                .setMsg("SomeState")
+                .setDurationMs(192)
+                .build();
+        Parcelable[] events = {
+            new IpReachabilityEvent(IpReachabilityEvent.NUD_FAILED), event,
+            new IpManagerEvent(IpManagerEvent.PROVISIONING_OK, 5678),
+            validationEv,
+            apfStats,
+            new RaEvent(2000, 400, 300, -1, 1000, -1)
+        };
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < events.length; i++) {
+            ConnectivityMetricsEvent ev = new ConnectivityMetricsEvent();
+            ev.timestamp = 100 * (i + 1);
+            ev.ifname = "wlan0";
+            ev.data = events[i];
+            logger.log(ev);
+        }
+
+        // netId, errno, latency, destination
+        connectEvent(100, OsConstants.EALREADY, 0, EXAMPLE_IPV4);
+        connectEvent(100, OsConstants.EINPROGRESS, 0, EXAMPLE_IPV6);
+        connectEvent(100, 0, 110, EXAMPLE_IPV4);
+        connectEvent(101, 0, 23, EXAMPLE_IPV4);
+        connectEvent(101, 0, 45, EXAMPLE_IPV6);
+        connectEvent(100, OsConstants.EAGAIN, 0, EXAMPLE_IPV4);
+
+        // netId, type, return code, latency
+        dnsEvent(100, EVENT_GETADDRINFO, 0, 3456);
+        dnsEvent(100, EVENT_GETADDRINFO, 3, 45);
+        dnsEvent(100, EVENT_GETHOSTBYNAME, 0, 638);
+        dnsEvent(101, EVENT_GETADDRINFO, 0, 56);
+        dnsEvent(101, EVENT_GETHOSTBYNAME, 0, 34);
+
+        // iface, uid
+        final byte[] mac = {0x48, 0x7c, 0x2b, 0x6a, 0x3e, 0x4b};
+        final String srcIp = "192.168.2.1";
+        final String dstIp = "192.168.2.23";
+        final int sport = 2356;
+        final int dport = 13489;
+        final long now = 1001L;
+        final int v4 = 0x800;
+        final int tcp = 6;
+        final int udp = 17;
+        wakeupEvent("wlan0", 1000, v4, tcp, mac, srcIp, dstIp, sport, dport, 1001L);
+        wakeupEvent("wlan0", 10123, v4, tcp, mac, srcIp, dstIp, sport, dport, 1001L);
+        wakeupEvent("wlan0", 1000, v4, udp, mac, srcIp, dstIp, sport, dport, 1001L);
+        wakeupEvent("wlan0", 10008, v4, udp, mac, srcIp, dstIp, sport, dport, 1001L);
+        wakeupEvent("wlan0", -1, v4, udp, mac, srcIp, dstIp, sport, dport, 1001L);
+        wakeupEvent("wlan0", 10008, v4, tcp, mac, srcIp, dstIp, sport, dport, 1001L);
+
+        long timeMs = mService.mDefaultNetworkMetrics.creationTimeMs;
+        final long cell = BitUtils.packBits(new int[]{NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR});
+        final long wifi = BitUtils.packBits(new int[]{NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI});
+        NetworkAgentInfo cellNai = makeNai(100, 50, false, true, cell);
+        NetworkAgentInfo wifiNai = makeNai(101, 60, true, false, wifi);
+        logDefaultNetworkEvent(timeMs + 200L, cellNai, null);
+        logDefaultNetworkEvent(timeMs + 300L, wifiNai, cellNai);
+
+        String want = String.join("\n",
+                "dropped_events: 0",
+                "events <",
+                "  if_name: \"\"",
+                "  link_layer: 4",
+                "  network_id: 0",
+                "  time_ms: 100",
+                "  transports: 0",
+                "  ip_reachability_event <",
+                "    event_type: 512",
+                "    if_name: \"\"",
+                "  >",
+                ">",
+                "events <",
+                "  if_name: \"\"",
+                "  link_layer: 4",
+                "  network_id: 0",
+                "  time_ms: 200",
+                "  transports: 0",
+                "  dhcp_event <",
+                "    duration_ms: 192",
+                "    if_name: \"\"",
+                "    state_transition: \"SomeState\"",
+                "  >",
+                ">",
+                "events <",
+                "  if_name: \"\"",
+                "  link_layer: 4",
+                "  network_id: 0",
+                "  time_ms: 300",
+                "  transports: 0",
+                "  ip_provisioning_event <",
+                "    event_type: 1",
+                "    if_name: \"\"",
+                "    latency_ms: 5678",
+                "  >",
+                ">",
+                "events <",
+                "  if_name: \"\"",
+                "  link_layer: 4",
+                "  network_id: 0",
+                "  time_ms: 400",
+                "  transports: 0",
+                "  validation_probe_event <",
+                "    latency_ms: 40730",
+                "    probe_result: 204",
+                "    probe_type: 257",
+                "  >",
+                ">",
+                "events <",
+                "  if_name: \"\"",
+                "  link_layer: 4",
+                "  network_id: 0",
+                "  time_ms: 500",
+                "  transports: 0",
+                "  apf_statistics <",
+                "    dropped_ras: 2",
+                "    duration_ms: 45000",
+                "    matching_ras: 2",
+                "    max_program_size: 2048",
+                "    parse_errors: 2",
+                "    program_updates: 4",
+                "    program_updates_all: 7",
+                "    program_updates_allowing_multicast: 3",
+                "    received_ras: 10",
+                "    total_packet_dropped: 0",
+                "    total_packet_processed: 0",
+                "    zero_lifetime_ras: 1",
+                "  >",
+                ">",
+                "events <",
+                "  if_name: \"\"",
+                "  link_layer: 4",
+                "  network_id: 0",
+                "  time_ms: 600",
+                "  transports: 0",
+                "  ra_event <",
+                "    dnssl_lifetime: -1",
+                "    prefix_preferred_lifetime: 300",
+                "    prefix_valid_lifetime: 400",
+                "    rdnss_lifetime: 1000",
+                "    route_info_lifetime: -1",
+                "    router_lifetime: 2000",
+                "  >",
+                ">",
+                "events <",
+                "  if_name: \"\"",
+                "  link_layer: 5",
+                "  network_id: 0",
+                "  time_ms: 0",
+                "  transports: 0",
+                "  default_network_event <",
+                "    default_network_duration_ms: 200",
+                "    final_score: 0",
+                "    initial_score: 0",
+                "    ip_support: 0",
+                "    no_default_network_duration_ms: 0",
+                "    previous_default_network_link_layer: 0",
+                "    previous_network_ip_support: 0",
+                "    validation_duration_ms: 0",
+                "  >",
+                ">",
+                "events <",
+                "  if_name: \"\"",
+                "  link_layer: 2",
+                "  network_id: 100",
+                "  time_ms: 0",
+                "  transports: 1",
+                "  default_network_event <",
+                "    default_network_duration_ms: 100",
+                "    final_score: 50",
+                "    initial_score: 50",
+                "    ip_support: 2",
+                "    no_default_network_duration_ms: 0",
+                "    previous_default_network_link_layer: 0",
+                "    previous_network_ip_support: 0",
+                "    validation_duration_ms: 100",
+                "  >",
+                ">",
+                "events <",
+                "  if_name: \"\"",
+                "  link_layer: 4",
+                "  network_id: 100",
+                "  time_ms: 0",
+                "  transports: 2",
+                "  connect_statistics <",
+                "    connect_blocking_count: 1",
+                "    connect_count: 3",
+                "    errnos_counters <",
+                "      key: 11",
+                "      value: 1",
+                "    >",
+                "    ipv6_addr_count: 1",
+                "    latencies_ms: 110",
+                "  >",
+                ">",
+                "events <",
+                "  if_name: \"\"",
+                "  link_layer: 2",
+                "  network_id: 101",
+                "  time_ms: 0",
+                "  transports: 1",
+                "  connect_statistics <",
+                "    connect_blocking_count: 2",
+                "    connect_count: 2",
+                "    ipv6_addr_count: 1",
+                "    latencies_ms: 23",
+                "    latencies_ms: 45",
+                "  >",
+                ">",
+                "events <",
+                "  if_name: \"\"",
+                "  link_layer: 4",
+                "  network_id: 100",
+                "  time_ms: 0",
+                "  transports: 2",
+                "  dns_lookup_batch <",
+                "    event_types: 1",
+                "    event_types: 1",
+                "    event_types: 2",
+                "    getaddrinfo_error_count: 0",
+                "    getaddrinfo_query_count: 0",
+                "    gethostbyname_error_count: 0",
+                "    gethostbyname_query_count: 0",
+                "    latencies_ms: 3456",
+                "    latencies_ms: 45",
+                "    latencies_ms: 638",
+                "    return_codes: 0",
+                "    return_codes: 3",
+                "    return_codes: 0",
+                "  >",
+                ">",
+                "events <",
+                "  if_name: \"\"",
+                "  link_layer: 2",
+                "  network_id: 101",
+                "  time_ms: 0",
+                "  transports: 1",
+                "  dns_lookup_batch <",
+                "    event_types: 1",
+                "    event_types: 2",
+                "    getaddrinfo_error_count: 0",
+                "    getaddrinfo_query_count: 0",
+                "    gethostbyname_error_count: 0",
+                "    gethostbyname_query_count: 0",
+                "    latencies_ms: 56",
+                "    latencies_ms: 34",
+                "    return_codes: 0",
+                "    return_codes: 0",
+                "  >",
+                ">",
+                "events <",
+                "  if_name: \"\"",
+                "  link_layer: 4",
+                "  network_id: 0",
+                "  time_ms: 0",
+                "  transports: 0",
+                "  wakeup_stats <",
+                "    application_wakeups: 3",
+                "    duration_sec: 0",
+                "    ethertype_counts <",
+                "      key: 2048",
+                "      value: 6",
+                "    >",
+                "    ip_next_header_counts <",
+                "      key: 6",
+                "      value: 3",
+                "    >",
+                "    ip_next_header_counts <",
+                "      key: 17",
+                "      value: 3",
+                "    >",
+                "    l2_broadcast_count: 0",
+                "    l2_multicast_count: 0",
+                "    l2_unicast_count: 6",
+                "    no_uid_wakeups: 1",
+                "    non_application_wakeups: 0",
+                "    root_wakeups: 0",
+                "    system_wakeups: 2",
+                "    total_wakeups: 6",
+                "  >",
+                ">",
+                "version: 2\n");
+
+        verifySerialization(want, getdump("flush"));
+    }
+
+    String getdump(String ... command) {
+        StringWriter buffer = new StringWriter();
+        PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(buffer);
+        mService.impl.dump(null, writer, command);
+        return buffer.toString();
+    }
+
+    private void setCapabilities(int netId) {
+        final ArgumentCaptor<ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback> networkCallback =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback.class);
+        verify(mCm).registerNetworkCallback(any(), networkCallback.capture());
+        networkCallback.getValue().onCapabilitiesChanged(new Network(netId),
+                netId == 100 ? CAPABILITIES_WIFI : CAPABILITIES_CELL);
+    }
+
+    void connectEvent(int netId, int error, int latencyMs, String ipAddr) throws Exception {
+        setCapabilities(netId);
+        mNetdListener.onConnectEvent(netId, error, latencyMs, ipAddr, 80, 1);
+    }
+
+    void dnsEvent(int netId, int type, int result, int latency) throws Exception {
+        setCapabilities(netId);
+        mNetdListener.onDnsEvent(netId, type, result, latency, "", null, 0, 0);
+    }
+
+    void wakeupEvent(String iface, int uid, int ether, int ip, byte[] mac, String srcIp,
+            String dstIp, int sport, int dport, long now) throws Exception {
+        String prefix = NetdEventListenerService.WAKEUP_EVENT_IFACE_PREFIX + iface;
+        mNetdListener.onWakeupEvent(prefix, uid, ether, ip, mac, srcIp, dstIp, sport, dport, now);
+    }
+
+    NetworkAgentInfo makeNai(int netId, int score, boolean ipv4, boolean ipv6, long transports) {
+        NetworkAgentInfo nai = mock(NetworkAgentInfo.class);
+        when(nai.network()).thenReturn(new Network(netId));
+        when(nai.getCurrentScore()).thenReturn(score);
+        nai.linkProperties = new LinkProperties();
+        nai.networkCapabilities = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        nai.lastValidated = true;
+        for (int t : BitUtils.unpackBits(transports)) {
+            nai.networkCapabilities.addTransportType(t);
+        }
+        if (ipv4) {
+            nai.linkProperties.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("192.0.2.12/24"));
+            nai.linkProperties.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix("0.0.0.0/0")));
+        }
+        if (ipv6) {
+            nai.linkProperties.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("2001:db8:dead:beef:f00::a0/64"));
+            nai.linkProperties.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix("::/0")));
+        }
+        return nai;
+    }
+
+
+
+    static void verifySerialization(String want, String output) {
+        try {
+            byte[] got = Base64.decode(output, Base64.DEFAULT);
+            IpConnectivityLogClass.IpConnectivityLog log =
+                    IpConnectivityLogClass.IpConnectivityLog.parseFrom(got);
+            assertEquals(want, log.toString());
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            fail(e.toString());
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/LingerMonitorTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/LingerMonitorTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..58a7c89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/LingerMonitorTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,398 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.anyBoolean;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.anyInt;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.app.PendingIntent;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.res.Resources;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.ConnectivityResources;
+import android.net.IDnsResolver;
+import android.net.INetd;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkAgentConfig;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkInfo;
+import android.net.NetworkProvider;
+import android.net.NetworkScore;
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.text.format.DateUtils;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.connectivity.resources.R;
+import com.android.server.ConnectivityService;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkNotificationManager.NotificationType;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class LingerMonitorTest {
+    static final String CELLULAR = "CELLULAR";
+    static final String WIFI     = "WIFI";
+
+    static final long LOW_RATE_LIMIT = DateUtils.MINUTE_IN_MILLIS;
+    static final long HIGH_RATE_LIMIT = 0;
+
+    static final int LOW_DAILY_LIMIT = 2;
+    static final int HIGH_DAILY_LIMIT = 1000;
+
+    private static final int TEST_LINGER_DELAY_MS = 400;
+
+    LingerMonitor mMonitor;
+
+    @Mock ConnectivityService mConnService;
+    @Mock IDnsResolver mDnsResolver;
+    @Mock INetd mNetd;
+    @Mock Context mCtx;
+    @Mock NetworkNotificationManager mNotifier;
+    @Mock Resources mResources;
+    @Mock QosCallbackTracker mQosCallbackTracker;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+        when(mCtx.getResources()).thenReturn(mResources);
+        when(mCtx.getPackageName()).thenReturn("com.android.server.connectivity");
+        ConnectivityResources.setResourcesContextForTest(mCtx);
+
+        mMonitor = new TestableLingerMonitor(mCtx, mNotifier, HIGH_DAILY_LIMIT, HIGH_RATE_LIMIT);
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() {
+        ConnectivityResources.setResourcesContextForTest(null);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTransitions() {
+        setNotificationSwitch(transition(WIFI, CELLULAR));
+        NetworkAgentInfo nai1 = wifiNai(100);
+        NetworkAgentInfo nai2 = cellNai(101);
+
+        assertTrue(mMonitor.isNotificationEnabled(nai1, nai2));
+        assertFalse(mMonitor.isNotificationEnabled(nai2, nai1));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNotificationOnLinger() {
+        setNotificationSwitch(transition(WIFI, CELLULAR));
+        setNotificationType(LingerMonitor.NOTIFY_TYPE_NOTIFICATION);
+        NetworkAgentInfo from = wifiNai(100);
+        NetworkAgentInfo to = cellNai(101);
+
+        mMonitor.noteLingerDefaultNetwork(from, to);
+        verifyNotification(from, to);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testToastOnLinger() {
+        setNotificationSwitch(transition(WIFI, CELLULAR));
+        setNotificationType(LingerMonitor.NOTIFY_TYPE_TOAST);
+        NetworkAgentInfo from = wifiNai(100);
+        NetworkAgentInfo to = cellNai(101);
+
+        mMonitor.noteLingerDefaultNetwork(from, to);
+        verifyToast(from, to);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNotificationClearedAfterDisconnect() {
+        setNotificationSwitch(transition(WIFI, CELLULAR));
+        setNotificationType(LingerMonitor.NOTIFY_TYPE_NOTIFICATION);
+        NetworkAgentInfo from = wifiNai(100);
+        NetworkAgentInfo to = cellNai(101);
+
+        mMonitor.noteLingerDefaultNetwork(from, to);
+        verifyNotification(from, to);
+
+        mMonitor.noteDisconnect(to);
+        verify(mNotifier, times(1)).clearNotification(100);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNotificationClearedAfterSwitchingBack() {
+        setNotificationSwitch(transition(WIFI, CELLULAR));
+        setNotificationType(LingerMonitor.NOTIFY_TYPE_NOTIFICATION);
+        NetworkAgentInfo from = wifiNai(100);
+        NetworkAgentInfo to = cellNai(101);
+
+        mMonitor.noteLingerDefaultNetwork(from, to);
+        verifyNotification(from, to);
+
+        mMonitor.noteLingerDefaultNetwork(to, from);
+        verify(mNotifier, times(1)).clearNotification(100);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUniqueToast() {
+        setNotificationSwitch(transition(WIFI, CELLULAR));
+        setNotificationType(LingerMonitor.NOTIFY_TYPE_TOAST);
+        NetworkAgentInfo from = wifiNai(100);
+        NetworkAgentInfo to = cellNai(101);
+
+        mMonitor.noteLingerDefaultNetwork(from, to);
+        verifyToast(from, to);
+
+        mMonitor.noteLingerDefaultNetwork(to, from);
+        verify(mNotifier, times(1)).clearNotification(100);
+
+        reset(mNotifier);
+        mMonitor.noteLingerDefaultNetwork(from, to);
+        verifyNoNotifications();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMultipleNotifications() {
+        setNotificationSwitch(transition(WIFI, CELLULAR));
+        setNotificationType(LingerMonitor.NOTIFY_TYPE_NOTIFICATION);
+        NetworkAgentInfo wifi1 = wifiNai(100);
+        NetworkAgentInfo wifi2 = wifiNai(101);
+        NetworkAgentInfo cell = cellNai(102);
+
+        mMonitor.noteLingerDefaultNetwork(wifi1, cell);
+        verifyNotification(wifi1, cell);
+
+        mMonitor.noteLingerDefaultNetwork(cell, wifi2);
+        verify(mNotifier, times(1)).clearNotification(100);
+
+        reset(mNotifier);
+        mMonitor.noteLingerDefaultNetwork(wifi2, cell);
+        verifyNotification(wifi2, cell);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRateLimiting() throws InterruptedException {
+        mMonitor = new TestableLingerMonitor(mCtx, mNotifier, HIGH_DAILY_LIMIT, LOW_RATE_LIMIT);
+
+        setNotificationSwitch(transition(WIFI, CELLULAR));
+        setNotificationType(LingerMonitor.NOTIFY_TYPE_NOTIFICATION);
+        NetworkAgentInfo wifi1 = wifiNai(100);
+        NetworkAgentInfo wifi2 = wifiNai(101);
+        NetworkAgentInfo wifi3 = wifiNai(102);
+        NetworkAgentInfo cell = cellNai(103);
+
+        mMonitor.noteLingerDefaultNetwork(wifi1, cell);
+        verifyNotification(wifi1, cell);
+        reset(mNotifier);
+
+        Thread.sleep(50);
+        mMonitor.noteLingerDefaultNetwork(cell, wifi2);
+        mMonitor.noteLingerDefaultNetwork(wifi2, cell);
+        verifyNoNotifications();
+
+        Thread.sleep(50);
+        mMonitor.noteLingerDefaultNetwork(cell, wifi3);
+        mMonitor.noteLingerDefaultNetwork(wifi3, cell);
+        verifyNoNotifications();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDailyLimiting() throws InterruptedException {
+        mMonitor = new TestableLingerMonitor(mCtx, mNotifier, LOW_DAILY_LIMIT, HIGH_RATE_LIMIT);
+
+        setNotificationSwitch(transition(WIFI, CELLULAR));
+        setNotificationType(LingerMonitor.NOTIFY_TYPE_NOTIFICATION);
+        NetworkAgentInfo wifi1 = wifiNai(100);
+        NetworkAgentInfo wifi2 = wifiNai(101);
+        NetworkAgentInfo wifi3 = wifiNai(102);
+        NetworkAgentInfo cell = cellNai(103);
+
+        mMonitor.noteLingerDefaultNetwork(wifi1, cell);
+        verifyNotification(wifi1, cell);
+        reset(mNotifier);
+
+        Thread.sleep(50);
+        mMonitor.noteLingerDefaultNetwork(cell, wifi2);
+        mMonitor.noteLingerDefaultNetwork(wifi2, cell);
+        verifyNotification(wifi2, cell);
+        reset(mNotifier);
+
+        Thread.sleep(50);
+        mMonitor.noteLingerDefaultNetwork(cell, wifi3);
+        mMonitor.noteLingerDefaultNetwork(wifi3, cell);
+        verifyNoNotifications();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUniqueNotification() {
+        setNotificationSwitch(transition(WIFI, CELLULAR));
+        setNotificationType(LingerMonitor.NOTIFY_TYPE_NOTIFICATION);
+        NetworkAgentInfo from = wifiNai(100);
+        NetworkAgentInfo to = cellNai(101);
+
+        mMonitor.noteLingerDefaultNetwork(from, to);
+        verifyNotification(from, to);
+
+        mMonitor.noteLingerDefaultNetwork(to, from);
+        verify(mNotifier, times(1)).clearNotification(100);
+
+        mMonitor.noteLingerDefaultNetwork(from, to);
+        verifyNotification(from, to);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIgnoreNeverValidatedNetworks() {
+        setNotificationType(LingerMonitor.NOTIFY_TYPE_TOAST);
+        setNotificationSwitch(transition(WIFI, CELLULAR));
+        NetworkAgentInfo from = wifiNai(100);
+        NetworkAgentInfo to = cellNai(101);
+        from.everValidated = false;
+
+        mMonitor.noteLingerDefaultNetwork(from, to);
+        verifyNoNotifications();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIgnoreCurrentlyValidatedNetworks() {
+        setNotificationType(LingerMonitor.NOTIFY_TYPE_TOAST);
+        setNotificationSwitch(transition(WIFI, CELLULAR));
+        NetworkAgentInfo from = wifiNai(100);
+        NetworkAgentInfo to = cellNai(101);
+        from.lastValidated = true;
+
+        mMonitor.noteLingerDefaultNetwork(from, to);
+        verifyNoNotifications();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNoNotificationType() {
+        setNotificationType(LingerMonitor.NOTIFY_TYPE_TOAST);
+        setNotificationSwitch();
+        NetworkAgentInfo from = wifiNai(100);
+        NetworkAgentInfo to = cellNai(101);
+
+        mMonitor.noteLingerDefaultNetwork(from, to);
+        verifyNoNotifications();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNoTransitionToNotify() {
+        setNotificationType(LingerMonitor.NOTIFY_TYPE_NONE);
+        setNotificationSwitch(transition(WIFI, CELLULAR));
+        NetworkAgentInfo from = wifiNai(100);
+        NetworkAgentInfo to = cellNai(101);
+
+        mMonitor.noteLingerDefaultNetwork(from, to);
+        verifyNoNotifications();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDifferentTransitionToNotify() {
+        setNotificationType(LingerMonitor.NOTIFY_TYPE_TOAST);
+        setNotificationSwitch(transition(CELLULAR, WIFI));
+        NetworkAgentInfo from = wifiNai(100);
+        NetworkAgentInfo to = cellNai(101);
+
+        mMonitor.noteLingerDefaultNetwork(from, to);
+        verifyNoNotifications();
+    }
+
+    void setNotificationSwitch(String... transitions) {
+        when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_networkNotifySwitches))
+                .thenReturn(transitions);
+    }
+
+    String transition(String from, String to) {
+        return from + "-" + to;
+    }
+
+    void setNotificationType(int type) {
+        when(mResources.getInteger(R.integer.config_networkNotifySwitchType)).thenReturn(type);
+    }
+
+    void verifyNoToast() {
+        verify(mNotifier, never()).showToast(any(), any());
+    }
+
+    void verifyNoNotification() {
+        verify(mNotifier, never())
+                .showNotification(anyInt(), any(), any(), any(), any(), anyBoolean());
+    }
+
+    void verifyNoNotifications() {
+        verifyNoToast();
+        verifyNoNotification();
+    }
+
+    void verifyToast(NetworkAgentInfo from, NetworkAgentInfo to) {
+        verifyNoNotification();
+        verify(mNotifier, times(1)).showToast(from, to);
+    }
+
+    void verifyNotification(NetworkAgentInfo from, NetworkAgentInfo to) {
+        verifyNoToast();
+        verify(mNotifier, times(1)).showNotification(eq(from.network.netId),
+                eq(NotificationType.NETWORK_SWITCH), eq(from), eq(to), any(), eq(true));
+    }
+
+    NetworkAgentInfo nai(int netId, int transport, int networkType, String networkTypeName) {
+        NetworkInfo info = new NetworkInfo(networkType, 0, networkTypeName, "");
+        NetworkCapabilities caps = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        caps.addCapability(0);
+        caps.addTransportType(transport);
+        NetworkAgentInfo nai = new NetworkAgentInfo(null, new Network(netId), info,
+                new LinkProperties(), caps, new NetworkScore.Builder().setLegacyInt(50).build(),
+                mCtx, null, new NetworkAgentConfig.Builder().build(), mConnService, mNetd,
+                mDnsResolver, NetworkProvider.ID_NONE, Binder.getCallingUid(), TEST_LINGER_DELAY_MS,
+                mQosCallbackTracker, new ConnectivityService.Dependencies());
+        nai.everValidated = true;
+        return nai;
+    }
+
+    NetworkAgentInfo wifiNai(int netId) {
+        return nai(netId, NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI,
+                ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI, WIFI);
+    }
+
+    NetworkAgentInfo cellNai(int netId) {
+        return nai(netId, NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR,
+                ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE, CELLULAR);
+    }
+
+    public static class TestableLingerMonitor extends LingerMonitor {
+        public TestableLingerMonitor(Context c, NetworkNotificationManager n, int l, long r) {
+            super(c, n, l, r);
+        }
+        @Override protected PendingIntent createNotificationIntent() {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/MetricsTestUtil.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/MetricsTestUtil.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5064b9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/MetricsTestUtil.java
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import android.net.ConnectivityMetricsEvent;
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+
+abstract public class MetricsTestUtil {
+    private MetricsTestUtil() {
+    }
+
+    static ConnectivityMetricsEvent ev(Parcelable p) {
+        ConnectivityMetricsEvent ev = new ConnectivityMetricsEvent();
+        ev.timestamp = 1L;
+        ev.data = p;
+        return ev;
+    }
+
+    static ConnectivityMetricsEvent describeIpEvent(Consumer<Parcel>... fs) {
+        Parcel p = Parcel.obtain();
+        for (Consumer<Parcel> f : fs) {
+            f.accept(p);
+        }
+        p.setDataPosition(0);
+        return ev(p.readParcelable(ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader()));
+    }
+
+    static Consumer<Parcel> aType(Class<?> c) {
+        return aString(c.getName());
+    }
+
+    static Consumer<Parcel> aBool(boolean b) {
+        return aByte((byte) (b ? 1 : 0));
+    }
+
+    static Consumer<Parcel> aByte(byte b) {
+        return (p) -> p.writeByte(b);
+    }
+
+    static Consumer<Parcel> anInt(int i) {
+        return (p) -> p.writeInt(i);
+    }
+
+    static Consumer<Parcel> aLong(long l) {
+        return (p) -> p.writeLong(l);
+    }
+
+    static Consumer<Parcel> aString(String s) {
+        return (p) -> p.writeString(s);
+    }
+
+    static Consumer<Parcel> aByteArray(byte... ary) {
+        return (p) -> p.writeByteArray(ary);
+    }
+
+    static Consumer<Parcel> anIntArray(int... ary) {
+        return (p) -> p.writeIntArray(ary);
+    }
+
+    static byte b(int i) {
+        return (byte) i;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/MultipathPolicyTrackerTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/MultipathPolicyTrackerTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec51537
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/MultipathPolicyTrackerTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,407 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import static android.content.Intent.ACTION_CONFIGURATION_CHANGED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
+import static android.net.NetworkPolicy.LIMIT_DISABLED;
+import static android.net.NetworkPolicy.SNOOZE_NEVER;
+import static android.net.NetworkPolicy.WARNING_DISABLED;
+import static android.provider.Settings.Global.NETWORK_DEFAULT_DAILY_MULTIPATH_QUOTA_BYTES;
+
+import static com.android.server.net.NetworkPolicyManagerInternal.QUOTA_TYPE_MULTIPATH;
+import static com.android.server.net.NetworkPolicyManagerService.OPPORTUNISTIC_QUOTA_UNKNOWN;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.argThat;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doCallRealMethod;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.app.usage.NetworkStats;
+import android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager;
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo;
+import android.content.res.Resources;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.EthernetNetworkSpecifier;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkPolicy;
+import android.net.NetworkPolicyManager;
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate;
+import android.net.TelephonyNetworkSpecifier;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
+import android.provider.Settings;
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
+import android.test.mock.MockContentResolver;
+import android.util.DataUnit;
+import android.util.Range;
+import android.util.RecurrenceRule;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.internal.R;
+import com.android.internal.util.test.FakeSettingsProvider;
+import com.android.server.LocalServices;
+import com.android.server.net.NetworkPolicyManagerInternal;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.Mockito;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+import java.time.Clock;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.time.Period;
+import java.time.ZoneId;
+import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
+import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class MultipathPolicyTrackerTest {
+    private static final Network TEST_NETWORK = new Network(123);
+    private static final int POLICY_SNOOZED = -100;
+    private static final String TEST_IMSI1 = "TEST_IMSI1";
+
+    @Mock private Context mContext;
+    @Mock private Context mUserAllContext;
+    @Mock private Resources mResources;
+    @Mock private Handler mHandler;
+    @Mock private MultipathPolicyTracker.Dependencies mDeps;
+    @Mock private Clock mClock;
+    @Mock private ConnectivityManager mCM;
+    @Mock private NetworkPolicyManager mNPM;
+    @Mock private NetworkStatsManager mStatsManager;
+    @Mock private NetworkPolicyManagerInternal mNPMI;
+    @Mock private TelephonyManager mTelephonyManager;
+    private MockContentResolver mContentResolver;
+
+    private ArgumentCaptor<BroadcastReceiver> mConfigChangeReceiverCaptor;
+
+    private MultipathPolicyTracker mTracker;
+
+    private Clock mPreviousRecurrenceRuleClock;
+    private boolean mRecurrenceRuleClockMocked;
+
+    private <T> void mockService(String serviceName, Class<T> serviceClass, T service) {
+        doReturn(serviceName).when(mContext).getSystemServiceName(serviceClass);
+        doReturn(service).when(mContext).getSystemService(serviceName);
+        if (mContext.getSystemService(serviceClass) == null) {
+            // Test is using mockito-extended
+            doCallRealMethod().when(mContext).getSystemService(serviceClass);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+
+        mPreviousRecurrenceRuleClock = RecurrenceRule.sClock;
+        RecurrenceRule.sClock = mClock;
+        mRecurrenceRuleClockMocked = true;
+
+        mConfigChangeReceiverCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(BroadcastReceiver.class);
+
+        when(mContext.getResources()).thenReturn(mResources);
+        when(mContext.getApplicationInfo()).thenReturn(new ApplicationInfo());
+        // Mock user id to all users that Context#registerReceiver will register with all users too.
+        doReturn(UserHandle.ALL.getIdentifier()).when(mUserAllContext).getUserId();
+        when(mContext.createContextAsUser(eq(UserHandle.ALL), anyInt()))
+                .thenReturn(mUserAllContext);
+        when(mUserAllContext.registerReceiver(mConfigChangeReceiverCaptor.capture(),
+                argThat(f -> f.hasAction(ACTION_CONFIGURATION_CHANGED)), any(), any()))
+                .thenReturn(null);
+
+        when(mDeps.getClock()).thenReturn(mClock);
+
+        when(mTelephonyManager.createForSubscriptionId(anyInt())).thenReturn(mTelephonyManager);
+        when(mTelephonyManager.getSubscriberId()).thenReturn(TEST_IMSI1);
+
+        mContentResolver = Mockito.spy(new MockContentResolver(mContext));
+        mContentResolver.addProvider(Settings.AUTHORITY, new FakeSettingsProvider());
+        Settings.Global.clearProviderForTest();
+        when(mContext.getContentResolver()).thenReturn(mContentResolver);
+
+        mockService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE, ConnectivityManager.class, mCM);
+        mockService(Context.NETWORK_POLICY_SERVICE, NetworkPolicyManager.class, mNPM);
+        mockService(Context.NETWORK_STATS_SERVICE, NetworkStatsManager.class, mStatsManager);
+        mockService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE, TelephonyManager.class, mTelephonyManager);
+
+        LocalServices.removeServiceForTest(NetworkPolicyManagerInternal.class);
+        LocalServices.addService(NetworkPolicyManagerInternal.class, mNPMI);
+
+        mTracker = new MultipathPolicyTracker(mContext, mHandler, mDeps);
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() {
+        // Avoid setting static clock to null (which should normally not be the case)
+        // if MockitoAnnotations.initMocks threw an exception
+        if (mRecurrenceRuleClockMocked) {
+            RecurrenceRule.sClock = mPreviousRecurrenceRuleClock;
+        }
+        mRecurrenceRuleClockMocked = false;
+    }
+
+    private void setDefaultQuotaGlobalSetting(long setting) {
+        Settings.Global.putInt(mContentResolver, NETWORK_DEFAULT_DAILY_MULTIPATH_QUOTA_BYTES,
+                (int) setting);
+    }
+
+    private void testGetMultipathPreference(
+            long usedBytesToday, long subscriptionQuota, long policyWarning, long policyLimit,
+            long defaultGlobalSetting, long defaultResSetting, boolean roaming) {
+
+        // TODO: tests should not use ZoneId.systemDefault() once code handles TZ correctly.
+        final ZonedDateTime now = ZonedDateTime.ofInstant(
+                Instant.parse("2017-04-02T10:11:12Z"), ZoneId.systemDefault());
+        final ZonedDateTime startOfDay = now.truncatedTo(ChronoUnit.DAYS);
+        when(mClock.millis()).thenReturn(now.toInstant().toEpochMilli());
+        when(mClock.instant()).thenReturn(now.toInstant());
+        when(mClock.getZone()).thenReturn(ZoneId.systemDefault());
+
+        // Setup plan quota
+        when(mNPMI.getSubscriptionOpportunisticQuota(TEST_NETWORK, QUOTA_TYPE_MULTIPATH))
+                .thenReturn(subscriptionQuota);
+
+        // Prepare stats to be mocked.
+        final NetworkStats.Bucket mockedStatsBucket = mock(NetworkStats.Bucket.class);
+        when(mockedStatsBucket.getTxBytes()).thenReturn(usedBytesToday / 3);
+        when(mockedStatsBucket.getRxBytes()).thenReturn(usedBytesToday - usedBytesToday / 3);
+
+        // Setup user policy warning / limit
+        if (policyWarning != WARNING_DISABLED || policyLimit != LIMIT_DISABLED) {
+            final Instant recurrenceStart = Instant.parse("2017-04-01T00:00:00Z");
+            final RecurrenceRule recurrenceRule = new RecurrenceRule(
+                    ZonedDateTime.ofInstant(
+                            recurrenceStart,
+                            ZoneId.systemDefault()),
+                    null /* end */,
+                    Period.ofMonths(1));
+            final boolean snoozeWarning = policyWarning == POLICY_SNOOZED;
+            final boolean snoozeLimit = policyLimit == POLICY_SNOOZED;
+            when(mNPM.getNetworkPolicies()).thenReturn(new NetworkPolicy[] {
+                    new NetworkPolicy(
+                            new NetworkTemplate.Builder(NetworkTemplate.MATCH_MOBILE)
+                                    .setSubscriberIds(Set.of(TEST_IMSI1))
+                                    .setMeteredness(android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_YES).build(),
+                            recurrenceRule,
+                            snoozeWarning ? 0 : policyWarning,
+                            snoozeLimit ? 0 : policyLimit,
+                            snoozeWarning ? recurrenceStart.toEpochMilli() + 1 : SNOOZE_NEVER,
+                            snoozeLimit ? recurrenceStart.toEpochMilli() + 1 : SNOOZE_NEVER,
+                            SNOOZE_NEVER,
+                            true /* metered */,
+                            false /* inferred */)
+            });
+
+            // Mock stats for this month.
+            final Range<ZonedDateTime> cycleOfTheMonth = recurrenceRule.cycleIterator().next();
+            when(mStatsManager.querySummaryForDevice(any(),
+                    eq(cycleOfTheMonth.getLower().toInstant().toEpochMilli()),
+                    eq(cycleOfTheMonth.getUpper().toInstant().toEpochMilli())))
+                    .thenReturn(mockedStatsBucket);
+        } else {
+            when(mNPM.getNetworkPolicies()).thenReturn(new NetworkPolicy[0]);
+        }
+
+        // Setup default quota in settings and resources
+        if (defaultGlobalSetting > 0) {
+            setDefaultQuotaGlobalSetting(defaultGlobalSetting);
+        }
+        when(mResources.getInteger(R.integer.config_networkDefaultDailyMultipathQuotaBytes))
+                .thenReturn((int) defaultResSetting);
+
+        // Mock stats for today.
+        when(mStatsManager.querySummaryForDevice(any(),
+                eq(startOfDay.toInstant().toEpochMilli()),
+                eq(now.toInstant().toEpochMilli()))).thenReturn(mockedStatsBucket);
+
+        ArgumentCaptor<ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback> networkCallback =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback.class);
+        mTracker.start();
+        verify(mCM).registerNetworkCallback(any(), networkCallback.capture(), any());
+
+        // Simulate callback after capability changes
+        NetworkCapabilities capabilities = new NetworkCapabilities()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(new EthernetNetworkSpecifier("eth234"));
+        if (!roaming) {
+            capabilities.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING);
+        }
+        networkCallback.getValue().onCapabilitiesChanged(
+                TEST_NETWORK,
+                capabilities);
+
+        // make sure it also works with the new introduced  TelephonyNetworkSpecifier
+        capabilities = new NetworkCapabilities()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier.Builder()
+                        .setSubscriptionId(234).build());
+        if (!roaming) {
+            capabilities.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING);
+        }
+        networkCallback.getValue().onCapabilitiesChanged(
+                TEST_NETWORK,
+                capabilities);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetMultipathPreference_SubscriptionQuota() {
+        testGetMultipathPreference(
+                DataUnit.MEGABYTES.toBytes(2) /* usedBytesToday */,
+                DataUnit.MEGABYTES.toBytes(14) /* subscriptionQuota */,
+                DataUnit.MEGABYTES.toBytes(100) /* policyWarning */,
+                LIMIT_DISABLED,
+                DataUnit.MEGABYTES.toBytes(12) /* defaultGlobalSetting */,
+                2_500_000 /* defaultResSetting */,
+                false /* roaming */);
+
+        verify(mStatsManager, times(1)).registerUsageCallback(
+                any(), eq(DataUnit.MEGABYTES.toBytes(12)), any(), any());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetMultipathPreference_UserWarningQuota() {
+        testGetMultipathPreference(
+                DataUnit.MEGABYTES.toBytes(7) /* usedBytesToday */,
+                OPPORTUNISTIC_QUOTA_UNKNOWN,
+                // Remaining days are 29 days from Apr. 2nd to May 1st.
+                // Set limit so that 15MB * remaining days will be 5% of the remaining limit,
+                // so it will be 15 * 29 / 0.05 + used bytes.
+                DataUnit.MEGABYTES.toBytes(15 * 29 * 20 + 7) /* policyWarning */,
+                LIMIT_DISABLED,
+                DataUnit.MEGABYTES.toBytes(12) /* defaultGlobalSetting */,
+                2_500_000 /* defaultResSetting */,
+                false /* roaming */);
+
+        // Daily budget should be 15MB (5% of daily quota), 7MB used today: callback set for 8MB
+        verify(mStatsManager, times(1)).registerUsageCallback(
+                any(), eq(DataUnit.MEGABYTES.toBytes(8)), any(), any());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetMultipathPreference_SnoozedWarningQuota() {
+        testGetMultipathPreference(
+                DataUnit.MEGABYTES.toBytes(7) /* usedBytesToday */,
+                OPPORTUNISTIC_QUOTA_UNKNOWN,
+                POLICY_SNOOZED /* policyWarning */,
+                // Remaining days are 29 days from Apr. 2nd to May 1st.
+                // Set limit so that 15MB * remaining days will be 5% of the remaining limit,
+                // so it will be 15 * 29 / 0.05 + used bytes.
+                DataUnit.MEGABYTES.toBytes(15 * 29 * 20 + 7) /* policyLimit */,
+                DataUnit.MEGABYTES.toBytes(12) /* defaultGlobalSetting */,
+                2_500_000 /* defaultResSetting */,
+                false /* roaming */);
+
+        // Daily budget should be 15MB (5% of daily quota), 7MB used today: callback set for 8MB
+        verify(mStatsManager, times(1)).registerUsageCallback(
+                any(), eq(DataUnit.MEGABYTES.toBytes(8)), any(), any());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetMultipathPreference_SnoozedBothQuota() {
+        testGetMultipathPreference(
+                DataUnit.MEGABYTES.toBytes(7) /* usedBytesToday */,
+                OPPORTUNISTIC_QUOTA_UNKNOWN,
+                // 29 days from Apr. 2nd to May 1st
+                POLICY_SNOOZED /* policyWarning */,
+                POLICY_SNOOZED /* policyLimit */,
+                DataUnit.MEGABYTES.toBytes(12) /* defaultGlobalSetting */,
+                2_500_000 /* defaultResSetting */,
+                false /* roaming */);
+
+        // Default global setting should be used: 12 - 7 = 5
+        verify(mStatsManager, times(1)).registerUsageCallback(
+                any(), eq(DataUnit.MEGABYTES.toBytes(5)), any(), any());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetMultipathPreference_SettingChanged() {
+        testGetMultipathPreference(
+                DataUnit.MEGABYTES.toBytes(2) /* usedBytesToday */,
+                OPPORTUNISTIC_QUOTA_UNKNOWN,
+                WARNING_DISABLED,
+                LIMIT_DISABLED,
+                -1 /* defaultGlobalSetting */,
+                DataUnit.MEGABYTES.toBytes(10) /* defaultResSetting */,
+                false /* roaming */);
+
+        verify(mStatsManager, times(1)).registerUsageCallback(
+                any(), eq(DataUnit.MEGABYTES.toBytes(8)), any(), any());
+
+        // Update setting
+        setDefaultQuotaGlobalSetting(DataUnit.MEGABYTES.toBytes(14));
+        mTracker.mSettingsObserver.onChange(
+                false, Settings.Global.getUriFor(NETWORK_DEFAULT_DAILY_MULTIPATH_QUOTA_BYTES));
+
+        // Callback must have been re-registered with new setting
+        verify(mStatsManager, times(1)).unregisterUsageCallback(any());
+        verify(mStatsManager, times(1)).registerUsageCallback(
+                any(), eq(DataUnit.MEGABYTES.toBytes(12)), any(), any());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetMultipathPreference_ResourceChanged() {
+        testGetMultipathPreference(
+                DataUnit.MEGABYTES.toBytes(2) /* usedBytesToday */,
+                OPPORTUNISTIC_QUOTA_UNKNOWN,
+                WARNING_DISABLED,
+                LIMIT_DISABLED,
+                -1 /* defaultGlobalSetting */,
+                DataUnit.MEGABYTES.toBytes(14) /* defaultResSetting */,
+                false /* roaming */);
+
+        verify(mStatsManager, times(1)).registerUsageCallback(
+                any(), eq(DataUnit.MEGABYTES.toBytes(12)), any(), any());
+
+        when(mResources.getInteger(R.integer.config_networkDefaultDailyMultipathQuotaBytes))
+                .thenReturn((int) DataUnit.MEGABYTES.toBytes(16));
+
+        final BroadcastReceiver configChangeReceiver = mConfigChangeReceiverCaptor.getValue();
+        assertNotNull(configChangeReceiver);
+        configChangeReceiver.onReceive(mContext, new Intent());
+
+        // Uses the new setting (16 - 2 = 14MB)
+        verify(mStatsManager, times(1)).registerUsageCallback(
+                any(), eq(DataUnit.MEGABYTES.toBytes(14)), any(), any());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/Nat464XlatTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/Nat464XlatTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa4c4e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/Nat464XlatTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,558 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.anyString;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verifyNoMoreInteractions;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.IDnsResolver;
+import android.net.INetd;
+import android.net.InterfaceConfigurationParcel;
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.NetworkAgentConfig;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkInfo;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.test.TestLooper;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.server.ConnectivityService;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.InOrder;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class Nat464XlatTest {
+
+    static final String BASE_IFACE = "test0";
+    static final String STACKED_IFACE = "v4-test0";
+    static final LinkAddress V6ADDR = new LinkAddress("2001:db8:1::f00/64");
+    static final LinkAddress ADDR = new LinkAddress("192.0.2.5/29");
+    static final String NAT64_PREFIX = "64:ff9b::/96";
+    static final String OTHER_NAT64_PREFIX = "2001:db8:0:64::/96";
+    static final int NETID = 42;
+
+    @Mock ConnectivityService mConnectivity;
+    @Mock IDnsResolver mDnsResolver;
+    @Mock INetd mNetd;
+    @Mock NetworkAgentInfo mNai;
+
+    TestLooper mLooper;
+    Handler mHandler;
+    NetworkAgentConfig mAgentConfig = new NetworkAgentConfig();
+
+    Nat464Xlat makeNat464Xlat(boolean isCellular464XlatEnabled) {
+        return new Nat464Xlat(mNai, mNetd, mDnsResolver, new ConnectivityService.Dependencies()) {
+            @Override protected int getNetId() {
+                return NETID;
+            }
+
+            @Override protected boolean isCellular464XlatEnabled() {
+                return isCellular464XlatEnabled;
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    private void markNetworkConnected() {
+        mNai.networkInfo.setDetailedState(NetworkInfo.DetailedState.CONNECTED, "", "");
+    }
+
+    private void markNetworkDisconnected() {
+        mNai.networkInfo.setDetailedState(NetworkInfo.DetailedState.DISCONNECTED, "", "");
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        mLooper = new TestLooper();
+        mHandler = new Handler(mLooper.getLooper());
+
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+
+        mNai.linkProperties = new LinkProperties();
+        mNai.linkProperties.setInterfaceName(BASE_IFACE);
+        mNai.networkInfo = new NetworkInfo(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI, 0 /* subtype */,
+                null /* typeName */, null /* subtypeName */);
+        mNai.networkCapabilities = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        markNetworkConnected();
+        when(mNai.connService()).thenReturn(mConnectivity);
+        when(mNai.netAgentConfig()).thenReturn(mAgentConfig);
+        when(mNai.handler()).thenReturn(mHandler);
+        final InterfaceConfigurationParcel mConfig = new InterfaceConfigurationParcel();
+        when(mNetd.interfaceGetCfg(eq(STACKED_IFACE))).thenReturn(mConfig);
+        mConfig.ipv4Addr = ADDR.getAddress().getHostAddress();
+        mConfig.prefixLength =  ADDR.getPrefixLength();
+    }
+
+    private void assertRequiresClat(boolean expected, NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        Nat464Xlat nat = makeNat464Xlat(true);
+        String msg = String.format("requiresClat expected %b for type=%d state=%s skip=%b "
+                + "nat64Prefix=%s addresses=%s", expected, nai.networkInfo.getType(),
+                nai.networkInfo.getDetailedState(),
+                mAgentConfig.skip464xlat, nai.linkProperties.getNat64Prefix(),
+                nai.linkProperties.getLinkAddresses());
+        assertEquals(msg, expected, nat.requiresClat(nai));
+    }
+
+    private void assertShouldStartClat(boolean expected, NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+        Nat464Xlat nat = makeNat464Xlat(true);
+        String msg = String.format("shouldStartClat expected %b for type=%d state=%s skip=%b "
+                + "nat64Prefix=%s addresses=%s", expected, nai.networkInfo.getType(),
+                nai.networkInfo.getDetailedState(),
+                mAgentConfig.skip464xlat, nai.linkProperties.getNat64Prefix(),
+                nai.linkProperties.getLinkAddresses());
+        assertEquals(msg, expected, nat.shouldStartClat(nai));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRequiresClat() throws Exception {
+        final int[] supportedTypes = {
+            ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE,
+            ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI,
+            ConnectivityManager.TYPE_ETHERNET,
+        };
+
+        // NetworkInfo doesn't allow setting the State directly, but rather
+        // requires setting DetailedState in order set State as a side-effect.
+        final NetworkInfo.DetailedState[] supportedDetailedStates = {
+            NetworkInfo.DetailedState.CONNECTED,
+            NetworkInfo.DetailedState.SUSPENDED,
+        };
+
+        LinkProperties oldLp = new LinkProperties(mNai.linkProperties);
+        for (int type : supportedTypes) {
+            mNai.networkInfo.setType(type);
+            for (NetworkInfo.DetailedState state : supportedDetailedStates) {
+                mNai.networkInfo.setDetailedState(state, "reason", "extraInfo");
+
+                mNai.linkProperties.setNat64Prefix(new IpPrefix(OTHER_NAT64_PREFIX));
+                assertRequiresClat(false, mNai);
+                assertShouldStartClat(false, mNai);
+
+                mNai.linkProperties.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("fc00::1/64"));
+                assertRequiresClat(false, mNai);
+                assertShouldStartClat(false, mNai);
+
+                mNai.linkProperties.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("2001:db8::1/64"));
+                assertRequiresClat(true, mNai);
+                assertShouldStartClat(true, mNai);
+
+                mAgentConfig.skip464xlat = true;
+                assertRequiresClat(false, mNai);
+                assertShouldStartClat(false, mNai);
+
+                mAgentConfig.skip464xlat = false;
+                assertRequiresClat(true, mNai);
+                assertShouldStartClat(true, mNai);
+
+                mNai.linkProperties.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("192.0.2.2/24"));
+                assertRequiresClat(false, mNai);
+                assertShouldStartClat(false, mNai);
+
+                mNai.linkProperties.removeLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("192.0.2.2/24"));
+                assertRequiresClat(true, mNai);
+                assertShouldStartClat(true, mNai);
+
+                mNai.linkProperties.setNat64Prefix(null);
+                assertRequiresClat(true, mNai);
+                assertShouldStartClat(false, mNai);
+
+                mNai.linkProperties = new LinkProperties(oldLp);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void makeClatUnnecessary(boolean dueToDisconnect) {
+        if (dueToDisconnect) {
+            markNetworkDisconnected();
+        } else {
+            mNai.linkProperties.addLinkAddress(ADDR);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void checkNormalStartAndStop(boolean dueToDisconnect) throws Exception {
+        Nat464Xlat nat = makeNat464Xlat(true);
+        ArgumentCaptor<LinkProperties> c = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(LinkProperties.class);
+
+        mNai.linkProperties.addLinkAddress(V6ADDR);
+
+        nat.setNat64PrefixFromDns(new IpPrefix(NAT64_PREFIX));
+
+        // Start clat.
+        nat.start();
+
+        verify(mNetd).clatdStart(eq(BASE_IFACE), eq(NAT64_PREFIX));
+
+        // Stacked interface up notification arrives.
+        nat.interfaceLinkStateChanged(STACKED_IFACE, true);
+        mLooper.dispatchNext();
+
+        verify(mNetd).interfaceGetCfg(eq(STACKED_IFACE));
+        verify(mConnectivity).handleUpdateLinkProperties(eq(mNai), c.capture());
+        assertFalse(c.getValue().getStackedLinks().isEmpty());
+        assertTrue(c.getValue().getAllInterfaceNames().contains(STACKED_IFACE));
+        assertRunning(nat);
+
+        // Stop clat (Network disconnects, IPv4 addr appears, ...).
+        makeClatUnnecessary(dueToDisconnect);
+        nat.stop();
+
+        verify(mNetd).clatdStop(eq(BASE_IFACE));
+        verify(mConnectivity, times(2)).handleUpdateLinkProperties(eq(mNai), c.capture());
+        assertTrue(c.getValue().getStackedLinks().isEmpty());
+        assertFalse(c.getValue().getAllInterfaceNames().contains(STACKED_IFACE));
+        verify(mDnsResolver).stopPrefix64Discovery(eq(NETID));
+        assertIdle(nat);
+
+        // Stacked interface removed notification arrives and is ignored.
+        nat.interfaceRemoved(STACKED_IFACE);
+        mLooper.dispatchNext();
+
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd, mConnectivity);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNormalStartAndStopDueToDisconnect() throws Exception {
+        checkNormalStartAndStop(true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNormalStartAndStopDueToIpv4Addr() throws Exception {
+        checkNormalStartAndStop(false);
+    }
+
+    private void checkStartStopStart(boolean interfaceRemovedFirst) throws Exception {
+        Nat464Xlat nat = makeNat464Xlat(true);
+        ArgumentCaptor<LinkProperties> c = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(LinkProperties.class);
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mNetd, mConnectivity);
+
+        mNai.linkProperties.addLinkAddress(V6ADDR);
+
+        nat.setNat64PrefixFromDns(new IpPrefix(NAT64_PREFIX));
+
+        nat.start();
+
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).clatdStart(eq(BASE_IFACE), eq(NAT64_PREFIX));
+
+        // Stacked interface up notification arrives.
+        nat.interfaceLinkStateChanged(STACKED_IFACE, true);
+        mLooper.dispatchNext();
+
+        inOrder.verify(mConnectivity).handleUpdateLinkProperties(eq(mNai), c.capture());
+        assertFalse(c.getValue().getStackedLinks().isEmpty());
+        assertTrue(c.getValue().getAllInterfaceNames().contains(STACKED_IFACE));
+        assertRunning(nat);
+
+        // ConnectivityService stops clat (Network disconnects, IPv4 addr appears, ...).
+        nat.stop();
+
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).clatdStop(eq(BASE_IFACE));
+
+        inOrder.verify(mConnectivity, times(1)).handleUpdateLinkProperties(eq(mNai), c.capture());
+        assertTrue(c.getValue().getStackedLinks().isEmpty());
+        assertFalse(c.getValue().getAllInterfaceNames().contains(STACKED_IFACE));
+        assertIdle(nat);
+
+        if (interfaceRemovedFirst) {
+            // Stacked interface removed notification arrives and is ignored.
+            nat.interfaceRemoved(STACKED_IFACE);
+            mLooper.dispatchNext();
+            nat.interfaceLinkStateChanged(STACKED_IFACE, false);
+            mLooper.dispatchNext();
+        }
+
+        assertTrue(c.getValue().getStackedLinks().isEmpty());
+        assertFalse(c.getValue().getAllInterfaceNames().contains(STACKED_IFACE));
+        assertIdle(nat);
+        inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
+
+        nat.start();
+
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).clatdStart(eq(BASE_IFACE), eq(NAT64_PREFIX));
+
+        if (!interfaceRemovedFirst) {
+            // Stacked interface removed notification arrives and is ignored.
+            nat.interfaceRemoved(STACKED_IFACE);
+            mLooper.dispatchNext();
+            nat.interfaceLinkStateChanged(STACKED_IFACE, false);
+            mLooper.dispatchNext();
+        }
+
+        // Stacked interface up notification arrives.
+        nat.interfaceLinkStateChanged(STACKED_IFACE, true);
+        mLooper.dispatchNext();
+
+        inOrder.verify(mConnectivity).handleUpdateLinkProperties(eq(mNai), c.capture());
+        assertFalse(c.getValue().getStackedLinks().isEmpty());
+        assertTrue(c.getValue().getAllInterfaceNames().contains(STACKED_IFACE));
+        assertRunning(nat);
+
+        // ConnectivityService stops clat again.
+        nat.stop();
+
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).clatdStop(eq(BASE_IFACE));
+
+        inOrder.verify(mConnectivity, times(1)).handleUpdateLinkProperties(eq(mNai), c.capture());
+        assertTrue(c.getValue().getStackedLinks().isEmpty());
+        assertFalse(c.getValue().getAllInterfaceNames().contains(STACKED_IFACE));
+        assertIdle(nat);
+
+        inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartStopStart() throws Exception {
+        checkStartStopStart(true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartStopStartBeforeInterfaceRemoved() throws Exception {
+        checkStartStopStart(false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testClatdCrashWhileRunning() throws Exception {
+        Nat464Xlat nat = makeNat464Xlat(true);
+        ArgumentCaptor<LinkProperties> c = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(LinkProperties.class);
+
+        nat.setNat64PrefixFromDns(new IpPrefix(NAT64_PREFIX));
+
+        nat.start();
+
+        verify(mNetd).clatdStart(eq(BASE_IFACE), eq(NAT64_PREFIX));
+
+        // Stacked interface up notification arrives.
+        nat.interfaceLinkStateChanged(STACKED_IFACE, true);
+        mLooper.dispatchNext();
+
+        verify(mNetd).interfaceGetCfg(eq(STACKED_IFACE));
+        verify(mConnectivity, times(1)).handleUpdateLinkProperties(eq(mNai), c.capture());
+        assertFalse(c.getValue().getStackedLinks().isEmpty());
+        assertTrue(c.getValue().getAllInterfaceNames().contains(STACKED_IFACE));
+        assertRunning(nat);
+
+        // Stacked interface removed notification arrives (clatd crashed, ...).
+        nat.interfaceRemoved(STACKED_IFACE);
+        mLooper.dispatchNext();
+
+        verify(mNetd).clatdStop(eq(BASE_IFACE));
+        verify(mConnectivity, times(2)).handleUpdateLinkProperties(eq(mNai), c.capture());
+        verify(mDnsResolver).stopPrefix64Discovery(eq(NETID));
+        assertTrue(c.getValue().getStackedLinks().isEmpty());
+        assertFalse(c.getValue().getAllInterfaceNames().contains(STACKED_IFACE));
+        assertIdle(nat);
+
+        // ConnectivityService stops clat: no-op.
+        nat.stop();
+
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd, mConnectivity);
+    }
+
+    private void checkStopBeforeClatdStarts(boolean dueToDisconnect) throws Exception {
+        Nat464Xlat nat = makeNat464Xlat(true);
+
+        mNai.linkProperties.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("2001:db8::1/64"));
+
+        nat.setNat64PrefixFromDns(new IpPrefix(NAT64_PREFIX));
+
+        nat.start();
+
+        verify(mNetd).clatdStart(eq(BASE_IFACE), eq(NAT64_PREFIX));
+
+        // ConnectivityService immediately stops clat (Network disconnects, IPv4 addr appears, ...)
+        makeClatUnnecessary(dueToDisconnect);
+        nat.stop();
+
+        verify(mNetd).clatdStop(eq(BASE_IFACE));
+        verify(mDnsResolver).stopPrefix64Discovery(eq(NETID));
+        assertIdle(nat);
+
+        // In-flight interface up notification arrives: no-op
+        nat.interfaceLinkStateChanged(STACKED_IFACE, true);
+        mLooper.dispatchNext();
+
+        // Interface removed notification arrives after stopClatd() takes effect: no-op.
+        nat.interfaceRemoved(STACKED_IFACE);
+        mLooper.dispatchNext();
+
+        assertIdle(nat);
+
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd, mConnectivity);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStopDueToDisconnectBeforeClatdStarts() throws Exception {
+        checkStopBeforeClatdStarts(true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStopDueToIpv4AddrBeforeClatdStarts() throws Exception {
+        checkStopBeforeClatdStarts(false);
+    }
+
+    private void checkStopAndClatdNeverStarts(boolean dueToDisconnect) throws Exception {
+        Nat464Xlat nat = makeNat464Xlat(true);
+
+        mNai.linkProperties.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("2001:db8::1/64"));
+
+        nat.setNat64PrefixFromDns(new IpPrefix(NAT64_PREFIX));
+
+        nat.start();
+
+        verify(mNetd).clatdStart(eq(BASE_IFACE), eq(NAT64_PREFIX));
+
+        // ConnectivityService immediately stops clat (Network disconnects, IPv4 addr appears, ...)
+        makeClatUnnecessary(dueToDisconnect);
+        nat.stop();
+
+        verify(mNetd).clatdStop(eq(BASE_IFACE));
+        verify(mDnsResolver).stopPrefix64Discovery(eq(NETID));
+        assertIdle(nat);
+
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd, mConnectivity);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStopDueToDisconnectAndClatdNeverStarts() throws Exception {
+        checkStopAndClatdNeverStarts(true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStopDueToIpv4AddressAndClatdNeverStarts() throws Exception {
+        checkStopAndClatdNeverStarts(false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNat64PrefixPreference() throws Exception {
+        final IpPrefix prefixFromDns = new IpPrefix(NAT64_PREFIX);
+        final IpPrefix prefixFromRa = new IpPrefix(OTHER_NAT64_PREFIX);
+
+        Nat464Xlat nat = makeNat464Xlat(true);
+
+        final LinkProperties emptyLp = new LinkProperties();
+        LinkProperties fixedupLp;
+
+        fixedupLp = new LinkProperties();
+        nat.setNat64PrefixFromDns(prefixFromDns);
+        nat.fixupLinkProperties(emptyLp, fixedupLp);
+        assertEquals(prefixFromDns, fixedupLp.getNat64Prefix());
+
+        fixedupLp = new LinkProperties();
+        nat.setNat64PrefixFromRa(prefixFromRa);
+        nat.fixupLinkProperties(emptyLp, fixedupLp);
+        assertEquals(prefixFromRa, fixedupLp.getNat64Prefix());
+
+        fixedupLp = new LinkProperties();
+        nat.setNat64PrefixFromRa(null);
+        nat.fixupLinkProperties(emptyLp, fixedupLp);
+        assertEquals(prefixFromDns, fixedupLp.getNat64Prefix());
+
+        fixedupLp = new LinkProperties();
+        nat.setNat64PrefixFromRa(prefixFromRa);
+        nat.fixupLinkProperties(emptyLp, fixedupLp);
+        assertEquals(prefixFromRa, fixedupLp.getNat64Prefix());
+
+        fixedupLp = new LinkProperties();
+        nat.setNat64PrefixFromDns(null);
+        nat.fixupLinkProperties(emptyLp, fixedupLp);
+        assertEquals(prefixFromRa, fixedupLp.getNat64Prefix());
+
+        fixedupLp = new LinkProperties();
+        nat.setNat64PrefixFromRa(null);
+        nat.fixupLinkProperties(emptyLp, fixedupLp);
+        assertEquals(null, fixedupLp.getNat64Prefix());
+    }
+
+    private void checkClatDisabledOnCellular(boolean onCellular) throws Exception {
+        // Disable 464xlat on cellular networks.
+        Nat464Xlat nat = makeNat464Xlat(false);
+        mNai.linkProperties.addLinkAddress(V6ADDR);
+        mNai.networkCapabilities.setTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, onCellular);
+        nat.update();
+
+        final IpPrefix nat64Prefix = new IpPrefix(NAT64_PREFIX);
+        if (onCellular) {
+            // Prefix discovery is never started.
+            verify(mDnsResolver, never()).startPrefix64Discovery(eq(NETID));
+            assertIdle(nat);
+
+            // If a NAT64 prefix comes in from an RA, clat is not started either.
+            mNai.linkProperties.setNat64Prefix(nat64Prefix);
+            nat.setNat64PrefixFromRa(nat64Prefix);
+            nat.update();
+            verify(mNetd, never()).clatdStart(anyString(), anyString());
+            assertIdle(nat);
+        } else {
+            // Prefix discovery is started.
+            verify(mDnsResolver).startPrefix64Discovery(eq(NETID));
+            assertIdle(nat);
+
+            // If a NAT64 prefix comes in from an RA, clat is started.
+            mNai.linkProperties.setNat64Prefix(nat64Prefix);
+            nat.setNat64PrefixFromRa(nat64Prefix);
+            nat.update();
+            verify(mNetd).clatdStart(BASE_IFACE, NAT64_PREFIX);
+            assertStarting(nat);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testClatDisabledOnCellular() throws Exception {
+        checkClatDisabledOnCellular(true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testClatDisabledOnNonCellular() throws Exception {
+        checkClatDisabledOnCellular(false);
+    }
+
+    static void assertIdle(Nat464Xlat nat) {
+        assertTrue("Nat464Xlat was not IDLE", !nat.isStarted());
+    }
+
+    static void assertStarting(Nat464Xlat nat) {
+        assertTrue("Nat464Xlat was not STARTING", nat.isStarting());
+    }
+
+    static void assertRunning(Nat464Xlat nat) {
+        assertTrue("Nat464Xlat was not RUNNING", nat.isRunning());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetdEventListenerServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetdEventListenerServiceTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d6c3ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetdEventListenerServiceTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,556 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import static android.net.metrics.INetdEventListener.EVENT_GETADDRINFO;
+import static android.net.metrics.INetdEventListener.EVENT_GETHOSTBYNAME;
+
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertStringContains;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.system.OsConstants;
+import android.test.suitebuilder.annotation.SmallTest;
+import android.util.Base64;
+
+import com.android.server.connectivity.metrics.nano.IpConnectivityLogClass.IpConnectivityEvent;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.metrics.nano.IpConnectivityLogClass.IpConnectivityLog;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.io.StringWriter;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.List;
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class NetdEventListenerServiceTest {
+    private static final String EXAMPLE_IPV4 = "192.0.2.1";
+    private static final String EXAMPLE_IPV6 = "2001:db8:1200::2:1";
+
+    private static final byte[] MAC_ADDR =
+            {(byte)0x84, (byte)0xc9, (byte)0xb2, (byte)0x6a, (byte)0xed, (byte)0x4b};
+
+    NetdEventListenerService mService;
+    ConnectivityManager mCm;
+    private static final NetworkCapabilities CAPABILITIES_WIFI = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+            .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+            .build();
+    private static final NetworkCapabilities CAPABILITIES_CELL = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+            .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+            .build();
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() {
+        mCm = mock(ConnectivityManager.class);
+        mService = new NetdEventListenerService(mCm);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testWakeupEventLogging() throws Exception {
+        final int BUFFER_LENGTH = NetdEventListenerService.WAKEUP_EVENT_BUFFER_LENGTH;
+        final long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        final String iface = "wlan0";
+        final byte[] mac = MAC_ADDR;
+        final String srcIp = "192.168.2.1";
+        final String dstIp = "192.168.2.23";
+        final String srcIp6 = "2001:db8:4:fd00:a585:13d1:6a23:4fb4";
+        final String dstIp6 = "2001:db8:4006:807::200a";
+        final int sport = 2356;
+        final int dport = 13489;
+
+        final int v4 = 0x800;
+        final int v6 = 0x86dd;
+        final int tcp = 6;
+        final int udp = 17;
+        final int icmp6 = 58;
+
+        // Baseline without any event
+        String[] baseline = listNetdEvent();
+
+        int[] uids = {10001, 10002, 10004, 1000, 10052, 10023, 10002, 10123, 10004};
+        wakeupEvent(iface, uids[0], v4, tcp, mac, srcIp, dstIp, sport, dport, now);
+        wakeupEvent(iface, uids[1], v6, udp, mac, srcIp6, dstIp6, sport, dport, now);
+        wakeupEvent(iface, uids[2], v6, udp, mac, srcIp6, dstIp6, sport, dport, now);
+        wakeupEvent(iface, uids[3], v4, icmp6, mac, srcIp, dstIp, sport, dport, now);
+        wakeupEvent(iface, uids[4], v6, tcp, mac, srcIp6, dstIp6, sport, dport, now);
+        wakeupEvent(iface, uids[5], v4, tcp, mac, srcIp, dstIp, sport, dport, now);
+        wakeupEvent(iface, uids[6], v6, udp, mac, srcIp6, dstIp6, sport, dport, now);
+        wakeupEvent(iface, uids[7], v6, tcp, mac, srcIp6, dstIp6, sport, dport, now);
+        wakeupEvent(iface, uids[8], v6, udp, mac, srcIp6, dstIp6, sport, dport, now);
+
+        String[] events2 = remove(listNetdEvent(), baseline);
+        int expectedLength2 = uids.length + 1; // +1 for the WakeupStats line
+        assertEquals(expectedLength2, events2.length);
+        assertStringContains(events2[0], "WakeupStats");
+        assertStringContains(events2[0], "wlan0");
+        assertStringContains(events2[0], "0x800");
+        assertStringContains(events2[0], "0x86dd");
+        for (int i = 0; i < uids.length; i++) {
+            String got = events2[i+1];
+            assertStringContains(got, "WakeupEvent");
+            assertStringContains(got, "wlan0");
+            assertStringContains(got, "uid: " + uids[i]);
+        }
+
+        int uid = 20000;
+        for (int i = 0; i < BUFFER_LENGTH * 2; i++) {
+            long ts = now + 10;
+            wakeupEvent(iface, uid, 0x800, 6, mac, srcIp, dstIp, 23, 24, ts);
+        }
+
+        String[] events3 = remove(listNetdEvent(), baseline);
+        int expectedLength3 = BUFFER_LENGTH + 1; // +1 for the WakeupStats line
+        assertEquals(expectedLength3, events3.length);
+        assertStringContains(events2[0], "WakeupStats");
+        assertStringContains(events2[0], "wlan0");
+        for (int i = 1; i < expectedLength3; i++) {
+            String got = events3[i];
+            assertStringContains(got, "WakeupEvent");
+            assertStringContains(got, "wlan0");
+            assertStringContains(got, "uid: " + uid);
+        }
+
+        uid = 45678;
+        wakeupEvent(iface, uid, 0x800, 6, mac, srcIp, dstIp, 23, 24, now);
+
+        String[] events4 = remove(listNetdEvent(), baseline);
+        String lastEvent = events4[events4.length - 1];
+        assertStringContains(lastEvent, "WakeupEvent");
+        assertStringContains(lastEvent, "wlan0");
+        assertStringContains(lastEvent, "uid: " + uid);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testWakeupStatsLogging() throws Exception {
+        final byte[] mac = MAC_ADDR;
+        final String srcIp = "192.168.2.1";
+        final String dstIp = "192.168.2.23";
+        final String srcIp6 = "2401:fa00:4:fd00:a585:13d1:6a23:4fb4";
+        final String dstIp6 = "2404:6800:4006:807::200a";
+        final int sport = 2356;
+        final int dport = 13489;
+        final long now = 1001L;
+
+        final int v4 = 0x800;
+        final int v6 = 0x86dd;
+        final int tcp = 6;
+        final int udp = 17;
+        final int icmp6 = 58;
+
+        wakeupEvent("wlan0", 1000, v4, tcp, mac, srcIp, dstIp, sport, dport, now);
+        wakeupEvent("rmnet0", 10123, v4, tcp, mac, srcIp, dstIp, sport, dport, now);
+        wakeupEvent("wlan0", 1000, v4, udp, mac, srcIp, dstIp, sport, dport, now);
+        wakeupEvent("rmnet0", 10008, v4, tcp, mac, srcIp, dstIp, sport, dport, now);
+        wakeupEvent("wlan0", -1, v6, icmp6, mac, srcIp6, dstIp6, sport, dport, now);
+        wakeupEvent("wlan0", 10008, v4, tcp, mac, srcIp, dstIp, sport, dport, now);
+        wakeupEvent("rmnet0", 1000, v4, tcp, mac, srcIp, dstIp, sport, dport, now);
+        wakeupEvent("wlan0", 10004, v4, udp, mac, srcIp, dstIp, sport, dport, now);
+        wakeupEvent("wlan0", 1000, v6, tcp, mac, srcIp6, dstIp6, sport, dport, now);
+        wakeupEvent("wlan0", 0, v6, udp, mac, srcIp6, dstIp6, sport, dport, now);
+        wakeupEvent("wlan0", -1, v6, icmp6, mac, srcIp6, dstIp6, sport, dport, now);
+        wakeupEvent("rmnet0", 10052, v4, tcp, mac, srcIp, dstIp, sport, dport, now);
+        wakeupEvent("wlan0", 0, v6, udp, mac, srcIp6, dstIp6, sport, dport, now);
+        wakeupEvent("rmnet0", 1000, v6, tcp, mac, srcIp6, dstIp6, sport, dport, now);
+        wakeupEvent("wlan0", 1010, v4, udp, mac, srcIp, dstIp, sport, dport, now);
+
+        String got = flushStatistics();
+        String want = String.join("\n",
+                "dropped_events: 0",
+                "events <",
+                "  if_name: \"\"",
+                "  link_layer: 2",
+                "  network_id: 0",
+                "  time_ms: 0",
+                "  transports: 0",
+                "  wakeup_stats <",
+                "    application_wakeups: 3",
+                "    duration_sec: 0",
+                "    ethertype_counts <",
+                "      key: 2048",
+                "      value: 4",
+                "    >",
+                "    ethertype_counts <",
+                "      key: 34525",
+                "      value: 1",
+                "    >",
+                "    ip_next_header_counts <",
+                "      key: 6",
+                "      value: 5",
+                "    >",
+                "    l2_broadcast_count: 0",
+                "    l2_multicast_count: 0",
+                "    l2_unicast_count: 5",
+                "    no_uid_wakeups: 0",
+                "    non_application_wakeups: 0",
+                "    root_wakeups: 0",
+                "    system_wakeups: 2",
+                "    total_wakeups: 5",
+                "  >",
+                ">",
+                "events <",
+                "  if_name: \"\"",
+                "  link_layer: 4",
+                "  network_id: 0",
+                "  time_ms: 0",
+                "  transports: 0",
+                "  wakeup_stats <",
+                "    application_wakeups: 2",
+                "    duration_sec: 0",
+                "    ethertype_counts <",
+                "      key: 2048",
+                "      value: 5",
+                "    >",
+                "    ethertype_counts <",
+                "      key: 34525",
+                "      value: 5",
+                "    >",
+                "    ip_next_header_counts <",
+                "      key: 6",
+                "      value: 3",
+                "    >",
+                "    ip_next_header_counts <",
+                "      key: 17",
+                "      value: 5",
+                "    >",
+                "    ip_next_header_counts <",
+                "      key: 58",
+                "      value: 2",
+                "    >",
+                "    l2_broadcast_count: 0",
+                "    l2_multicast_count: 0",
+                "    l2_unicast_count: 10",
+                "    no_uid_wakeups: 2",
+                "    non_application_wakeups: 1",
+                "    root_wakeups: 2",
+                "    system_wakeups: 3",
+                "    total_wakeups: 10",
+                "  >",
+                ">",
+                "version: 2\n");
+        assertEquals(want, got);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDnsLogging() throws Exception {
+        asyncDump(100);
+
+        dnsEvent(100, EVENT_GETADDRINFO, 0, 3456);
+        dnsEvent(100, EVENT_GETADDRINFO, 0, 267);
+        dnsEvent(100, EVENT_GETHOSTBYNAME, 22, 1230);
+        dnsEvent(100, EVENT_GETADDRINFO, 3, 45);
+        dnsEvent(100, EVENT_GETADDRINFO, 1, 2111);
+        dnsEvent(100, EVENT_GETADDRINFO, 0, 450);
+        dnsEvent(100, EVENT_GETHOSTBYNAME, 200, 638);
+        dnsEvent(100, EVENT_GETHOSTBYNAME, 178, 1300);
+        dnsEvent(101, EVENT_GETADDRINFO, 0, 56);
+        dnsEvent(101, EVENT_GETADDRINFO, 0, 78);
+        dnsEvent(101, EVENT_GETADDRINFO, 0, 14);
+        dnsEvent(101, EVENT_GETHOSTBYNAME, 0, 56);
+        dnsEvent(101, EVENT_GETADDRINFO, 0, 78);
+        dnsEvent(101, EVENT_GETADDRINFO, 0, 14);
+
+        String got = flushStatistics();
+        String want = String.join("\n",
+                "dropped_events: 0",
+                "events <",
+                "  if_name: \"\"",
+                "  link_layer: 4",
+                "  network_id: 100",
+                "  time_ms: 0",
+                "  transports: 2",
+                "  dns_lookup_batch <",
+                "    event_types: 1",
+                "    event_types: 1",
+                "    event_types: 2",
+                "    event_types: 1",
+                "    event_types: 1",
+                "    event_types: 1",
+                "    event_types: 2",
+                "    event_types: 2",
+                "    getaddrinfo_error_count: 0",
+                "    getaddrinfo_query_count: 0",
+                "    gethostbyname_error_count: 0",
+                "    gethostbyname_query_count: 0",
+                "    latencies_ms: 3456",
+                "    latencies_ms: 267",
+                "    latencies_ms: 1230",
+                "    latencies_ms: 45",
+                "    latencies_ms: 2111",
+                "    latencies_ms: 450",
+                "    latencies_ms: 638",
+                "    latencies_ms: 1300",
+                "    return_codes: 0",
+                "    return_codes: 0",
+                "    return_codes: 22",
+                "    return_codes: 3",
+                "    return_codes: 1",
+                "    return_codes: 0",
+                "    return_codes: 200",
+                "    return_codes: 178",
+                "  >",
+                ">",
+                "events <",
+                "  if_name: \"\"",
+                "  link_layer: 2",
+                "  network_id: 101",
+                "  time_ms: 0",
+                "  transports: 1",
+                "  dns_lookup_batch <",
+                "    event_types: 1",
+                "    event_types: 1",
+                "    event_types: 1",
+                "    event_types: 2",
+                "    event_types: 1",
+                "    event_types: 1",
+                "    getaddrinfo_error_count: 0",
+                "    getaddrinfo_query_count: 0",
+                "    gethostbyname_error_count: 0",
+                "    gethostbyname_query_count: 0",
+                "    latencies_ms: 56",
+                "    latencies_ms: 78",
+                "    latencies_ms: 14",
+                "    latencies_ms: 56",
+                "    latencies_ms: 78",
+                "    latencies_ms: 14",
+                "    return_codes: 0",
+                "    return_codes: 0",
+                "    return_codes: 0",
+                "    return_codes: 0",
+                "    return_codes: 0",
+                "    return_codes: 0",
+                "  >",
+                ">",
+                "version: 2\n");
+        assertEquals(want, got);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConnectLogging() throws Exception {
+        asyncDump(100);
+
+        final int OK = 0;
+        Thread[] logActions = {
+            // ignored
+            connectEventAction(100, OsConstants.EALREADY, 0, EXAMPLE_IPV4),
+            connectEventAction(100, OsConstants.EALREADY, 0, EXAMPLE_IPV6),
+            connectEventAction(100, OsConstants.EINPROGRESS, 0, EXAMPLE_IPV4),
+            connectEventAction(101, OsConstants.EINPROGRESS, 0, EXAMPLE_IPV6),
+            connectEventAction(101, OsConstants.EINPROGRESS, 0, EXAMPLE_IPV6),
+            // valid latencies
+            connectEventAction(100, OK, 110, EXAMPLE_IPV4),
+            connectEventAction(100, OK, 23, EXAMPLE_IPV4),
+            connectEventAction(100, OK, 45, EXAMPLE_IPV4),
+            connectEventAction(101, OK, 56, EXAMPLE_IPV4),
+            connectEventAction(101, OK, 523, EXAMPLE_IPV6),
+            connectEventAction(101, OK, 214, EXAMPLE_IPV6),
+            connectEventAction(101, OK, 67, EXAMPLE_IPV6),
+            // errors
+            connectEventAction(100, OsConstants.EPERM, 0, EXAMPLE_IPV4),
+            connectEventAction(101, OsConstants.EPERM, 0, EXAMPLE_IPV4),
+            connectEventAction(100, OsConstants.EAGAIN, 0, EXAMPLE_IPV4),
+            connectEventAction(100, OsConstants.EACCES, 0, EXAMPLE_IPV4),
+            connectEventAction(101, OsConstants.EACCES, 0, EXAMPLE_IPV4),
+            connectEventAction(101, OsConstants.EACCES, 0, EXAMPLE_IPV6),
+            connectEventAction(100, OsConstants.EADDRINUSE, 0, EXAMPLE_IPV4),
+            connectEventAction(101, OsConstants.ETIMEDOUT, 0, EXAMPLE_IPV4),
+            connectEventAction(100, OsConstants.ETIMEDOUT, 0, EXAMPLE_IPV6),
+            connectEventAction(100, OsConstants.ETIMEDOUT, 0, EXAMPLE_IPV6),
+            connectEventAction(101, OsConstants.ECONNREFUSED, 0, EXAMPLE_IPV4),
+        };
+
+        for (Thread t : logActions) {
+            t.start();
+        }
+        for (Thread t : logActions) {
+            t.join();
+        }
+
+        String got = flushStatistics();
+        String want = String.join("\n",
+                "dropped_events: 0",
+                "events <",
+                "  if_name: \"\"",
+                "  link_layer: 4",
+                "  network_id: 100",
+                "  time_ms: 0",
+                "  transports: 2",
+                "  connect_statistics <",
+                "    connect_blocking_count: 3",
+                "    connect_count: 6",
+                "    errnos_counters <",
+                "      key: 1",
+                "      value: 1",
+                "    >",
+                "    errnos_counters <",
+                "      key: 11",
+                "      value: 1",
+                "    >",
+                "    errnos_counters <",
+                "      key: 13",
+                "      value: 1",
+                "    >",
+                "    errnos_counters <",
+                "      key: 98",
+                "      value: 1",
+                "    >",
+                "    errnos_counters <",
+                "      key: 110",
+                "      value: 2",
+                "    >",
+                "    ipv6_addr_count: 1",
+                "    latencies_ms: 23",
+                "    latencies_ms: 45",
+                "    latencies_ms: 110",
+                "  >",
+                ">",
+                "events <",
+                "  if_name: \"\"",
+                "  link_layer: 2",
+                "  network_id: 101",
+                "  time_ms: 0",
+                "  transports: 1",
+                "  connect_statistics <",
+                "    connect_blocking_count: 4",
+                "    connect_count: 6",
+                "    errnos_counters <",
+                "      key: 1",
+                "      value: 1",
+                "    >",
+                "    errnos_counters <",
+                "      key: 13",
+                "      value: 2",
+                "    >",
+                "    errnos_counters <",
+                "      key: 110",
+                "      value: 1",
+                "    >",
+                "    errnos_counters <",
+                "      key: 111",
+                "      value: 1",
+                "    >",
+                "    ipv6_addr_count: 5",
+                "    latencies_ms: 56",
+                "    latencies_ms: 67",
+                "    latencies_ms: 214",
+                "    latencies_ms: 523",
+                "  >",
+                ">",
+                "version: 2\n");
+        assertEquals(want, got);
+    }
+
+    private void setCapabilities(int netId) {
+        final ArgumentCaptor<ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback> networkCallback =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback.class);
+        verify(mCm).registerNetworkCallback(any(), networkCallback.capture());
+        networkCallback.getValue().onCapabilitiesChanged(new Network(netId),
+                netId == 100 ? CAPABILITIES_WIFI : CAPABILITIES_CELL);
+    }
+
+    Thread connectEventAction(int netId, int error, int latencyMs, String ipAddr) {
+        setCapabilities(netId);
+        return new Thread(() -> {
+            try {
+                mService.onConnectEvent(netId, error, latencyMs, ipAddr, 80, 1);
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                fail(e.toString());
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    void dnsEvent(int netId, int type, int result, int latency) throws Exception {
+        setCapabilities(netId);
+        mService.onDnsEvent(netId, type, result, latency, "", null, 0, 0);
+    }
+
+    void wakeupEvent(String iface, int uid, int ether, int ip, byte[] mac, String srcIp,
+            String dstIp, int sport, int dport, long now) throws Exception {
+        String prefix = NetdEventListenerService.WAKEUP_EVENT_IFACE_PREFIX + iface;
+        mService.onWakeupEvent(prefix, uid, ether, ip, mac, srcIp, dstIp, sport, dport, now);
+    }
+
+    void asyncDump(long durationMs) throws Exception {
+        final long stop = System.currentTimeMillis() + durationMs;
+        final PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(new FileOutputStream("/dev/null"));
+        new Thread(() -> {
+            while (System.currentTimeMillis() < stop) {
+                mService.list(pw);
+            }
+        }).start();
+    }
+
+    // TODO: instead of comparing textpb to textpb, parse textpb and compare proto to proto.
+    String flushStatistics() throws Exception {
+        IpConnectivityMetrics metricsService =
+                new IpConnectivityMetrics(mock(Context.class), (ctx) -> 2000);
+        metricsService.mNetdListener = mService;
+
+        StringWriter buffer = new StringWriter();
+        PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(buffer);
+        metricsService.impl.dump(null, writer, new String[]{"flush"});
+        byte[] bytes = Base64.decode(buffer.toString(), Base64.DEFAULT);
+        IpConnectivityLog log = IpConnectivityLog.parseFrom(bytes);
+        for (IpConnectivityEvent ev : log.events) {
+            if (ev.getConnectStatistics() == null) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            // Sort repeated fields of connect() events arriving in non-deterministic order.
+            Arrays.sort(ev.getConnectStatistics().latenciesMs);
+            Arrays.sort(ev.getConnectStatistics().errnosCounters,
+                    Comparator.comparingInt((p) -> p.key));
+        }
+        return log.toString();
+    }
+
+    String[] listNetdEvent() throws Exception {
+        StringWriter buffer = new StringWriter();
+        PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(buffer);
+        mService.list(writer);
+        return buffer.toString().split("\\n");
+    }
+
+    static <T> T[] remove(T[] array, T[] filtered) {
+        List<T> c = Arrays.asList(filtered);
+        int next = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
+            if (c.contains(array[i])) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            array[next++] = array[i];
+        }
+        return Arrays.copyOf(array, next);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManagerTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManagerTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2cf5d8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManagerTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,460 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import static android.app.Notification.FLAG_AUTO_CANCEL;
+import static android.app.Notification.FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT;
+
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkNotificationManager.NotificationType.LOST_INTERNET;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkNotificationManager.NotificationType.NETWORK_SWITCH;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkNotificationManager.NotificationType.NO_INTERNET;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkNotificationManager.NotificationType.PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkNotificationManager.NotificationType.PRIVATE_DNS_BROKEN;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkNotificationManager.NotificationType.SIGN_IN;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.anyInt;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.clearInvocations;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.app.Activity;
+import android.app.Instrumentation;
+import android.app.KeyguardManager;
+import android.app.Notification;
+import android.app.NotificationManager;
+import android.app.PendingIntent;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.content.res.Resources;
+import android.net.ConnectivityResources;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkInfo;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
+import android.util.DisplayMetrics;
+import android.widget.TextView;
+
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+import androidx.annotation.StringRes;
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry;
+import androidx.test.uiautomator.UiDevice;
+import androidx.test.uiautomator.UiObject;
+import androidx.test.uiautomator.UiSelector;
+
+import com.android.connectivity.resources.R;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkNotificationManager.NotificationType;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.AdditionalAnswers;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class NetworkNotificationManagerTest {
+
+    private static final String TEST_SSID = "Test SSID";
+    private static final String TEST_EXTRA_INFO = "extra";
+    private static final int TEST_NOTIF_ID = 101;
+    private static final String TEST_NOTIF_TAG = NetworkNotificationManager.tagFor(TEST_NOTIF_ID);
+    private static final long TEST_TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000L;
+    static final NetworkCapabilities CELL_CAPABILITIES = new NetworkCapabilities();
+    static final NetworkCapabilities WIFI_CAPABILITIES = new NetworkCapabilities();
+    static final NetworkCapabilities VPN_CAPABILITIES = new NetworkCapabilities();
+    static {
+        CELL_CAPABILITIES.addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        CELL_CAPABILITIES.addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
+
+        WIFI_CAPABILITIES.addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        WIFI_CAPABILITIES.addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
+        WIFI_CAPABILITIES.setSSID(TEST_SSID);
+
+        // Set the underyling network to wifi.
+        VPN_CAPABILITIES.addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        VPN_CAPABILITIES.addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN);
+        VPN_CAPABILITIES.addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
+        VPN_CAPABILITIES.removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test activity that shows the action it was started with on screen, and dismisses when the
+     * text is tapped.
+     */
+    public static class TestDialogActivity extends Activity {
+        @Override
+        protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
+            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
+            setTurnScreenOn(true);
+            getSystemService(KeyguardManager.class).requestDismissKeyguard(
+                    this, null /* callback */);
+
+            final TextView txt = new TextView(this);
+            txt.setText(getIntent().getAction());
+            txt.setOnClickListener(e -> finish());
+            setContentView(txt);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Mock Context mCtx;
+    @Mock Resources mResources;
+    @Mock DisplayMetrics mDisplayMetrics;
+    @Mock PackageManager mPm;
+    @Mock TelephonyManager mTelephonyManager;
+    @Mock NotificationManager mNotificationManager;
+    @Mock NetworkAgentInfo mWifiNai;
+    @Mock NetworkAgentInfo mCellNai;
+    @Mock NetworkAgentInfo mVpnNai;
+    @Mock NetworkInfo mNetworkInfo;
+    ArgumentCaptor<Notification> mCaptor;
+
+    NetworkNotificationManager mManager;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+        mCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Notification.class);
+        mWifiNai.networkCapabilities = WIFI_CAPABILITIES;
+        mWifiNai.networkInfo = mNetworkInfo;
+        mCellNai.networkCapabilities = CELL_CAPABILITIES;
+        mCellNai.networkInfo = mNetworkInfo;
+        mVpnNai.networkCapabilities = VPN_CAPABILITIES;
+        mVpnNai.networkInfo = mNetworkInfo;
+        mDisplayMetrics.density = 2.275f;
+        doReturn(true).when(mVpnNai).isVPN();
+        when(mCtx.getResources()).thenReturn(mResources);
+        when(mCtx.getPackageManager()).thenReturn(mPm);
+        when(mCtx.getApplicationInfo()).thenReturn(new ApplicationInfo());
+        final Context asUserCtx = mock(Context.class, AdditionalAnswers.delegatesTo(mCtx));
+        doReturn(UserHandle.ALL).when(asUserCtx).getUser();
+        when(mCtx.createContextAsUser(eq(UserHandle.ALL), anyInt())).thenReturn(asUserCtx);
+        when(mCtx.getSystemService(eq(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE)))
+                .thenReturn(mNotificationManager);
+        when(mNetworkInfo.getExtraInfo()).thenReturn(TEST_EXTRA_INFO);
+        ConnectivityResources.setResourcesContextForTest(mCtx);
+        when(mResources.getColor(anyInt(), any())).thenReturn(0xFF607D8B);
+        when(mResources.getDisplayMetrics()).thenReturn(mDisplayMetrics);
+
+        // Come up with some credible-looking transport names. The actual values do not matter.
+        String[] transportNames = new String[NetworkCapabilities.MAX_TRANSPORT + 1];
+        for (int transport = 0; transport <= NetworkCapabilities.MAX_TRANSPORT; transport++) {
+            transportNames[transport] = NetworkCapabilities.transportNameOf(transport);
+        }
+        when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.network_switch_type_name))
+            .thenReturn(transportNames);
+        when(mResources.getBoolean(R.bool.config_autoCancelNetworkNotifications)).thenReturn(true);
+
+        mManager = new NetworkNotificationManager(mCtx, mTelephonyManager);
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() {
+        ConnectivityResources.setResourcesContextForTest(null);
+    }
+
+    private void verifyTitleByNetwork(final int id, final NetworkAgentInfo nai, final int title) {
+        final String tag = NetworkNotificationManager.tagFor(id);
+        mManager.showNotification(id, PRIVATE_DNS_BROKEN, nai, null, null, true);
+        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1))
+                .notify(eq(tag), eq(PRIVATE_DNS_BROKEN.eventId), any());
+        final int transportType = NetworkNotificationManager.approximateTransportType(nai);
+        if (transportType == NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI) {
+            verify(mResources, times(1)).getString(eq(title), eq(TEST_EXTRA_INFO));
+        } else {
+            verify(mResources, times(1)).getString(title);
+        }
+        verify(mResources, times(1)).getString(eq(R.string.private_dns_broken_detailed));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTitleOfPrivateDnsBroken() {
+        // Test the title of mobile data.
+        verifyTitleByNetwork(100, mCellNai, R.string.mobile_no_internet);
+        clearInvocations(mResources);
+
+        // Test the title of wifi.
+        verifyTitleByNetwork(101, mWifiNai, R.string.wifi_no_internet);
+        clearInvocations(mResources);
+
+        // Test the title of other networks.
+        verifyTitleByNetwork(102, mVpnNai, R.string.other_networks_no_internet);
+        clearInvocations(mResources);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNotificationsShownAndCleared() {
+        final int NETWORK_ID_BASE = 100;
+        List<NotificationType> types = Arrays.asList(NotificationType.values());
+        List<Integer> ids = new ArrayList<>(types.size());
+        for (int i = 0; i < types.size(); i++) {
+            ids.add(NETWORK_ID_BASE + i);
+        }
+        Collections.shuffle(ids);
+        Collections.shuffle(types);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < ids.size(); i++) {
+            mManager.showNotification(ids.get(i), types.get(i), mWifiNai, mCellNai, null, false);
+        }
+
+        List<Integer> idsToClear = new ArrayList<>(ids);
+        Collections.shuffle(idsToClear);
+        for (int i = 0; i < ids.size(); i++) {
+            mManager.clearNotification(idsToClear.get(i));
+        }
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < ids.size(); i++) {
+            final int id = ids.get(i);
+            final int eventId = types.get(i).eventId;
+            final String tag = NetworkNotificationManager.tagFor(id);
+            verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).notify(eq(tag), eq(eventId), any());
+            verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).cancel(eq(tag), eq(eventId));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Ignore
+    // Ignored because the code under test calls Log.wtf, which crashes the tests on eng builds.
+    // TODO: re-enable after fixing this (e.g., turn Log.wtf into exceptions that this test catches)
+    public void testNoInternetNotificationsNotShownForCellular() {
+        mManager.showNotification(100, NO_INTERNET, mCellNai, mWifiNai, null, false);
+        mManager.showNotification(101, LOST_INTERNET, mCellNai, mWifiNai, null, false);
+
+        verify(mNotificationManager, never()).notify(any(), anyInt(), any());
+
+        mManager.showNotification(102, NO_INTERNET, mWifiNai, mCellNai, null, false);
+
+        final int eventId = NO_INTERNET.eventId;
+        final String tag = NetworkNotificationManager.tagFor(102);
+        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).notify(eq(tag), eq(eventId), any());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNotificationsNotShownIfNoInternetCapability() {
+        mWifiNai.networkCapabilities = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        mWifiNai.networkCapabilities .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mManager.showNotification(102, NO_INTERNET, mWifiNai, mCellNai, null, false);
+        mManager.showNotification(103, LOST_INTERNET, mWifiNai, mCellNai, null, false);
+        mManager.showNotification(104, NETWORK_SWITCH, mWifiNai, mCellNai, null, false);
+
+        verify(mNotificationManager, never()).notify(any(), anyInt(), any());
+    }
+
+    private void assertNotification(NotificationType type, boolean ongoing, boolean autoCancel) {
+        final ArgumentCaptor<Notification> noteCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Notification.class);
+        mManager.showNotification(TEST_NOTIF_ID, type, mWifiNai, mCellNai, null, false);
+        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).notify(eq(TEST_NOTIF_TAG), eq(type.eventId),
+                noteCaptor.capture());
+
+        assertEquals("Notification ongoing flag should be " + (ongoing ? "set" : "unset"),
+                ongoing, (noteCaptor.getValue().flags & FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT) != 0);
+        assertEquals("Notification autocancel flag should be " + (autoCancel ? "set" : "unset"),
+                autoCancel, (noteCaptor.getValue().flags & FLAG_AUTO_CANCEL) != 0);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDuplicatedNotificationsNoInternetThenSignIn() {
+        // Show first NO_INTERNET
+        assertNotification(NO_INTERNET, false /* ongoing */, true /* autoCancel */);
+
+        // Captive portal detection triggers SIGN_IN a bit later, clearing the previous NO_INTERNET
+        assertNotification(SIGN_IN, false /* ongoing */, true /* autoCancel */);
+        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).cancel(eq(TEST_NOTIF_TAG), eq(NO_INTERNET.eventId));
+
+        // Network disconnects
+        mManager.clearNotification(TEST_NOTIF_ID);
+        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).cancel(eq(TEST_NOTIF_TAG), eq(SIGN_IN.eventId));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOngoingSignInNotification() {
+        doReturn(true).when(mResources).getBoolean(R.bool.config_ongoingSignInNotification);
+
+        // Show first NO_INTERNET
+        assertNotification(NO_INTERNET, false /* ongoing */, true /* autoCancel */);
+
+        // Captive portal detection triggers SIGN_IN a bit later, clearing the previous NO_INTERNET
+        assertNotification(SIGN_IN, true /* ongoing */, true /* autoCancel */);
+        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).cancel(eq(TEST_NOTIF_TAG), eq(NO_INTERNET.eventId));
+
+        // Network disconnects
+        mManager.clearNotification(TEST_NOTIF_ID);
+        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).cancel(eq(TEST_NOTIF_TAG), eq(SIGN_IN.eventId));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNoAutoCancelNotification() {
+        doReturn(false).when(mResources).getBoolean(R.bool.config_autoCancelNetworkNotifications);
+
+        // Show NO_INTERNET, then SIGN_IN
+        assertNotification(NO_INTERNET, false /* ongoing */, false /* autoCancel */);
+        assertNotification(SIGN_IN, false /* ongoing */, false /* autoCancel */);
+        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).cancel(eq(TEST_NOTIF_TAG), eq(NO_INTERNET.eventId));
+
+        mManager.clearNotification(TEST_NOTIF_ID);
+        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).cancel(eq(TEST_NOTIF_TAG), eq(SIGN_IN.eventId));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDuplicatedNotificationsSignInThenNoInternet() {
+        final int id = TEST_NOTIF_ID;
+        final String tag = TEST_NOTIF_TAG;
+
+        // Show first SIGN_IN
+        mManager.showNotification(id, SIGN_IN, mWifiNai, mCellNai, null, false);
+        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).notify(eq(tag), eq(SIGN_IN.eventId), any());
+        reset(mNotificationManager);
+
+        // NO_INTERNET arrives after, but is ignored.
+        mManager.showNotification(id, NO_INTERNET, mWifiNai, mCellNai, null, false);
+        verify(mNotificationManager, never()).cancel(any(), anyInt());
+        verify(mNotificationManager, never()).notify(any(), anyInt(), any());
+
+        // Network disconnects
+        mManager.clearNotification(id);
+        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).cancel(eq(tag), eq(SIGN_IN.eventId));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testClearNotificationByType() {
+        final int id = TEST_NOTIF_ID;
+        final String tag = TEST_NOTIF_TAG;
+
+        // clearNotification(int id, NotificationType notifyType) will check if given type is equal
+        // to previous type or not. If they are equal then clear the notification; if they are not
+        // equal then return.
+        mManager.showNotification(id, NO_INTERNET, mWifiNai, mCellNai, null, false);
+        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).notify(eq(tag), eq(NO_INTERNET.eventId), any());
+
+        // Previous notification is NO_INTERNET and given type is NO_INTERNET too. The notification
+        // should be cleared.
+        mManager.clearNotification(id, NO_INTERNET);
+        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).cancel(eq(tag), eq(NO_INTERNET.eventId));
+
+        // SIGN_IN is popped-up.
+        mManager.showNotification(id, SIGN_IN, mWifiNai, mCellNai, null, false);
+        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).notify(eq(tag), eq(SIGN_IN.eventId), any());
+
+        // The notification type is not matching previous one, PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY won't be
+        // cleared.
+        mManager.clearNotification(id, PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY);
+        verify(mNotificationManager, never()).cancel(eq(tag), eq(PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY.eventId));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNotifyNoInternetAsDialogWhenHighPriority() throws Exception {
+        doReturn(true).when(mResources).getBoolean(
+                R.bool.config_notifyNoInternetAsDialogWhenHighPriority);
+
+        mManager.showNotification(TEST_NOTIF_ID, NETWORK_SWITCH, mWifiNai, mCellNai, null, false);
+        // Non-"no internet" notifications are not affected
+        verify(mNotificationManager).notify(eq(TEST_NOTIF_TAG), eq(NETWORK_SWITCH.eventId), any());
+
+        final Instrumentation instr = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation();
+        final Context ctx = instr.getContext();
+        final String testAction = "com.android.connectivity.coverage.TEST_DIALOG";
+        final Intent intent = new Intent(testAction)
+                .addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK)
+                .setClassName(ctx.getPackageName(), TestDialogActivity.class.getName());
+        final PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(ctx, 0 /* requestCode */,
+                intent, PendingIntent.FLAG_CANCEL_CURRENT | PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
+
+        mManager.showNotification(TEST_NOTIF_ID, NO_INTERNET, mWifiNai, null /* switchToNai */,
+                pendingIntent, true /* highPriority */);
+
+        // Previous notifications are still dismissed
+        verify(mNotificationManager).cancel(TEST_NOTIF_TAG, NETWORK_SWITCH.eventId);
+
+        // Verify that the activity is shown (the activity shows the action on screen)
+        final UiObject actionText = UiDevice.getInstance(instr).findObject(
+                new UiSelector().text(testAction));
+        assertTrue("Activity not shown", actionText.waitForExists(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS));
+
+        // Tapping the text should dismiss the dialog
+        actionText.click();
+        assertTrue("Activity not dismissed", actionText.waitUntilGone(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS));
+
+        // Verify no NO_INTERNET notification was posted
+        verify(mNotificationManager, never()).notify(any(), eq(NO_INTERNET.eventId), any());
+    }
+
+    private void doNotificationTextTest(NotificationType type, @StringRes int expectedTitleRes,
+            String expectedTitleArg, @StringRes int expectedContentRes) {
+        final String expectedTitle = "title " + expectedTitleArg;
+        final String expectedContent = "expected content";
+        doReturn(expectedTitle).when(mResources).getString(expectedTitleRes, expectedTitleArg);
+        doReturn(expectedContent).when(mResources).getString(expectedContentRes);
+
+        mManager.showNotification(TEST_NOTIF_ID, type, mWifiNai, mCellNai, null, false);
+        final ArgumentCaptor<Notification> notifCap = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Notification.class);
+
+        verify(mNotificationManager).notify(eq(TEST_NOTIF_TAG), eq(type.eventId),
+                notifCap.capture());
+        final Notification notif = notifCap.getValue();
+
+        assertEquals(expectedTitle, notif.extras.getString(Notification.EXTRA_TITLE));
+        assertEquals(expectedContent, notif.extras.getString(Notification.EXTRA_TEXT));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNotificationText_NoInternet() {
+        doNotificationTextTest(NO_INTERNET,
+                R.string.wifi_no_internet, TEST_EXTRA_INFO,
+                R.string.wifi_no_internet_detailed);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNotificationText_Partial() {
+        doNotificationTextTest(PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY,
+                R.string.network_partial_connectivity, TEST_EXTRA_INFO,
+                R.string.network_partial_connectivity_detailed);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNotificationText_PartialAsNoInternet() {
+        doReturn(true).when(mResources).getBoolean(
+                R.bool.config_partialConnectivityNotifiedAsNoInternet);
+        doNotificationTextTest(PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY,
+                R.string.wifi_no_internet, TEST_EXTRA_INFO,
+                R.string.wifi_no_internet_detailed);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkOfferTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkOfferTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d03c567
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkOfferTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity
+
+import android.net.INetworkOfferCallback
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
+import android.net.NetworkRequest
+import android.net.NetworkScore.KEEP_CONNECTED_NONE
+import android.os.Build
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq
+import org.mockito.Mockito.mock
+import org.mockito.Mockito.verify
+import kotlin.test.assertFalse
+import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+
+const val POLICY_NONE = 0L
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+class NetworkOfferTest {
+    val mockCallback = mock(INetworkOfferCallback::class.java)
+
+    @Test
+    fun testOfferNeededUnneeded() {
+        val score = FullScore(50, POLICY_NONE, KEEP_CONNECTED_NONE)
+        val offer = NetworkOffer(score, NetworkCapabilities.Builder().build(), mockCallback,
+                1 /* providerId */)
+        val request1 = mock(NetworkRequest::class.java)
+        val request2 = mock(NetworkRequest::class.java)
+        offer.onNetworkNeeded(request1)
+        verify(mockCallback).onNetworkNeeded(eq(request1))
+        assertTrue(offer.neededFor(request1))
+        assertFalse(offer.neededFor(request2))
+
+        offer.onNetworkNeeded(request2)
+        verify(mockCallback).onNetworkNeeded(eq(request2))
+        assertTrue(offer.neededFor(request1))
+        assertTrue(offer.neededFor(request2))
+
+        // Note that the framework never calls onNetworkNeeded multiple times with the same
+        // request without calling onNetworkUnneeded first. It would be incorrect usage and the
+        // behavior would be undefined, so there is nothing to test.
+
+        offer.onNetworkUnneeded(request1)
+        verify(mockCallback).onNetworkUnneeded(eq(request1))
+        assertFalse(offer.neededFor(request1))
+        assertTrue(offer.neededFor(request2))
+
+        offer.onNetworkUnneeded(request2)
+        verify(mockCallback).onNetworkUnneeded(eq(request2))
+        assertFalse(offer.neededFor(request1))
+        assertFalse(offer.neededFor(request2))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRankerTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRankerTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4408958
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRankerTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity
+
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI
+import android.net.NetworkScore.KEEP_CONNECTED_NONE
+import android.net.NetworkScore.POLICY_EXITING
+import android.net.NetworkScore.POLICY_TRANSPORT_PRIMARY
+import android.net.NetworkScore.POLICY_YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI
+import android.os.Build
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_EVER_VALIDATED_NOT_AVOIDED_WHEN_BAD
+import com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_IS_VALIDATED
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+
+private fun score(vararg policies: Int) = FullScore(0,
+        policies.fold(0L) { acc, e -> acc or (1L shl e) }, KEEP_CONNECTED_NONE)
+private fun caps(transport: Int) = NetworkCapabilities.Builder().addTransportType(transport).build()
+
+@SmallTest
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+class NetworkRankerTest {
+    private val mRanker = NetworkRanker()
+
+    private class TestScore(private val sc: FullScore, private val nc: NetworkCapabilities)
+            : NetworkRanker.Scoreable {
+        override fun getScore() = sc
+        override fun getCapsNoCopy(): NetworkCapabilities = nc
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testYieldToBadWiFiOneCell() {
+        // Only cell, it wins
+        val winner = TestScore(score(POLICY_YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI, POLICY_IS_VALIDATED),
+                caps(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR))
+        val scores = listOf(winner)
+        assertEquals(winner, mRanker.getBestNetworkByPolicy(scores, null))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testYieldToBadWiFiOneCellOneBadWiFi() {
+        // Bad wifi wins against yielding validated cell
+        val winner = TestScore(score(POLICY_EVER_VALIDATED_NOT_AVOIDED_WHEN_BAD),
+                caps(TRANSPORT_WIFI))
+        val scores = listOf(
+                winner,
+                TestScore(score(POLICY_YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI, POLICY_IS_VALIDATED),
+                        caps(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR))
+        )
+        assertEquals(winner, mRanker.getBestNetworkByPolicy(scores, null))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testYieldToBadWiFiOneCellTwoBadWiFi() {
+        // Bad wifi wins against yielding validated cell. Prefer the one that's primary.
+        val winner = TestScore(score(POLICY_EVER_VALIDATED_NOT_AVOIDED_WHEN_BAD,
+                POLICY_TRANSPORT_PRIMARY), caps(TRANSPORT_WIFI))
+        val scores = listOf(
+                winner,
+                TestScore(score(POLICY_EVER_VALIDATED_NOT_AVOIDED_WHEN_BAD),
+                        caps(TRANSPORT_WIFI)),
+                TestScore(score(POLICY_YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI, POLICY_IS_VALIDATED),
+                        caps(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR))
+        )
+        assertEquals(winner, mRanker.getBestNetworkByPolicy(scores, null))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testYieldToBadWiFiOneCellTwoBadWiFiOneNotAvoided() {
+        // Bad wifi ever validated wins against bad wifi that never was validated (or was
+        // avoided when bad).
+        val winner = TestScore(score(POLICY_EVER_VALIDATED_NOT_AVOIDED_WHEN_BAD),
+                caps(TRANSPORT_WIFI))
+        val scores = listOf(
+                winner,
+                TestScore(score(), caps(TRANSPORT_WIFI)),
+                TestScore(score(POLICY_YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI, POLICY_IS_VALIDATED),
+                        caps(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR))
+        )
+        assertEquals(winner, mRanker.getBestNetworkByPolicy(scores, null))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testYieldToBadWiFiOneCellOneBadWiFiOneGoodWiFi() {
+        // Good wifi wins
+        val winner = TestScore(score(POLICY_EVER_VALIDATED_NOT_AVOIDED_WHEN_BAD,
+                POLICY_IS_VALIDATED), caps(TRANSPORT_WIFI))
+        val scores = listOf(
+                winner,
+                TestScore(score(POLICY_EVER_VALIDATED_NOT_AVOIDED_WHEN_BAD,
+                        POLICY_TRANSPORT_PRIMARY), caps(TRANSPORT_WIFI)),
+                TestScore(score(POLICY_YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI, POLICY_IS_VALIDATED),
+                        caps(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR))
+        )
+        assertEquals(winner, mRanker.getBestNetworkByPolicy(scores, null))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testYieldToBadWiFiTwoCellsOneBadWiFi() {
+        // Cell that doesn't yield wins over cell that yields and bad wifi
+        val winner = TestScore(score(POLICY_IS_VALIDATED), caps(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR))
+        val scores = listOf(
+                winner,
+                TestScore(score(POLICY_EVER_VALIDATED_NOT_AVOIDED_WHEN_BAD,
+                        POLICY_TRANSPORT_PRIMARY), caps(TRANSPORT_WIFI)),
+                TestScore(score(POLICY_YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI, POLICY_IS_VALIDATED),
+                        caps(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR))
+        )
+        assertEquals(winner, mRanker.getBestNetworkByPolicy(scores, null))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testYieldToBadWiFiTwoCellsOneBadWiFiOneGoodWiFi() {
+        // Good wifi wins over cell that doesn't yield and cell that yields
+        val winner = TestScore(score(POLICY_IS_VALIDATED), caps(TRANSPORT_WIFI))
+        val scores = listOf(
+                winner,
+                TestScore(score(POLICY_EVER_VALIDATED_NOT_AVOIDED_WHEN_BAD,
+                        POLICY_TRANSPORT_PRIMARY), caps(TRANSPORT_WIFI)),
+                TestScore(score(POLICY_IS_VALIDATED), caps(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)),
+                TestScore(score(POLICY_YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI, POLICY_IS_VALIDATED),
+                        caps(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR))
+        )
+        assertEquals(winner, mRanker.getBestNetworkByPolicy(scores, null))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testYieldToBadWiFiOneExitingGoodWiFi() {
+        // Yielding cell wins over good exiting wifi
+        val winner = TestScore(score(POLICY_YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI, POLICY_IS_VALIDATED),
+                caps(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR))
+        val scores = listOf(
+                winner,
+                TestScore(score(POLICY_IS_VALIDATED, POLICY_EXITING), caps(TRANSPORT_WIFI))
+        )
+        assertEquals(winner, mRanker.getBestNetworkByPolicy(scores, null))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testYieldToBadWiFiOneExitingBadWiFi() {
+        // Yielding cell wins over bad exiting wifi
+        val winner = TestScore(score(POLICY_YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI, POLICY_IS_VALIDATED),
+                caps(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR))
+        val scores = listOf(
+                winner,
+                TestScore(score(POLICY_EVER_VALIDATED_NOT_AVOIDED_WHEN_BAD,
+                        POLICY_EXITING), caps(TRANSPORT_WIFI))
+        )
+        assertEquals(winner, mRanker.getBestNetworkByPolicy(scores, null))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitorTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitorTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b379e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitorTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1252 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import static android.Manifest.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.INTERNET;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS;
+import static android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo.PRIVATE_FLAG_OEM;
+import static android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo.PRIVATE_FLAG_PRODUCT;
+import static android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo.PRIVATE_FLAG_VENDOR;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageInfo.REQUESTED_PERMISSION_GRANTED;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageInfo.REQUESTED_PERMISSION_REQUIRED;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.GET_PERMISSIONS;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.MATCH_ANY_USER;
+import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.UIDS_ALLOWED_ON_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS;
+import static android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_INTERNET;
+import static android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_NETWORK;
+import static android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_NONE;
+import static android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_SYSTEM;
+import static android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED;
+import static android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS;
+import static android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK;
+import static android.os.Process.SYSTEM_UID;
+
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.PermissionMonitor.isHigherNetworkPermission;
+
+import static junit.framework.Assert.fail;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.mockito.AdditionalMatchers.aryEq;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyBoolean;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.argThat;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.intThat;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doCallRealMethod;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo;
+import android.content.pm.PackageInfo;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.database.ContentObserver;
+import android.net.INetd;
+import android.net.UidRange;
+import android.net.Uri;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Process;
+import android.os.SystemConfigManager;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
+import android.os.UserManager;
+import android.provider.Settings;
+import android.util.SparseIntArray;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.ProcessShimImpl;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.ProcessShim;
+import com.android.server.BpfNetMaps;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.AdditionalAnswers;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+import org.mockito.invocation.InvocationOnMock;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Array;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class PermissionMonitorTest {
+    private static final int MOCK_USER_ID1 = 0;
+    private static final int MOCK_USER_ID2 = 1;
+    private static final UserHandle MOCK_USER1 = UserHandle.of(MOCK_USER_ID1);
+    private static final UserHandle MOCK_USER2 = UserHandle.of(MOCK_USER_ID2);
+    private static final int MOCK_APPID1 = 10001;
+    private static final int MOCK_APPID2 = 10086;
+    private static final int SYSTEM_APPID1 = 1100;
+    private static final int SYSTEM_APPID2 = 1108;
+    private static final int VPN_APPID = 10002;
+    private static final int MOCK_UID11 = MOCK_USER1.getUid(MOCK_APPID1);
+    private static final int MOCK_UID12 = MOCK_USER1.getUid(MOCK_APPID2);
+    private static final int SYSTEM_APP_UID11 = MOCK_USER1.getUid(SYSTEM_APPID1);
+    private static final int VPN_UID = MOCK_USER1.getUid(VPN_APPID);
+    private static final int MOCK_UID21 = MOCK_USER2.getUid(MOCK_APPID1);
+    private static final int MOCK_UID22 = MOCK_USER2.getUid(MOCK_APPID2);
+    private static final int SYSTEM_APP_UID21 = MOCK_USER2.getUid(SYSTEM_APPID1);
+    private static final String REAL_SYSTEM_PACKAGE_NAME = "android";
+    private static final String MOCK_PACKAGE1 = "appName1";
+    private static final String MOCK_PACKAGE2 = "appName2";
+    private static final String SYSTEM_PACKAGE1 = "sysName1";
+    private static final String SYSTEM_PACKAGE2 = "sysName2";
+    private static final String PARTITION_SYSTEM = "system";
+    private static final String PARTITION_OEM = "oem";
+    private static final String PARTITION_PRODUCT = "product";
+    private static final String PARTITION_VENDOR = "vendor";
+    private static final int VERSION_P = Build.VERSION_CODES.P;
+    private static final int VERSION_Q = Build.VERSION_CODES.Q;
+    private static final int PERMISSION_TRAFFIC_ALL =
+            PERMISSION_INTERNET | PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS;
+
+    @Mock private Context mContext;
+    @Mock private PackageManager mPackageManager;
+    @Mock private INetd mNetdService;
+    @Mock private UserManager mUserManager;
+    @Mock private PermissionMonitor.Dependencies mDeps;
+    @Mock private SystemConfigManager mSystemConfigManager;
+    @Mock private BpfNetMaps mBpfNetMaps;
+
+    private PermissionMonitor mPermissionMonitor;
+    private NetdMonitor mNetdMonitor;
+    private BpfMapMonitor mBpfMapMonitor;
+
+    private ProcessShim mProcessShim = ProcessShimImpl.newInstance();
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+        when(mContext.getPackageManager()).thenReturn(mPackageManager);
+        when(mContext.getSystemService(eq(Context.USER_SERVICE))).thenReturn(mUserManager);
+        doReturn(List.of(MOCK_USER1)).when(mUserManager).getUserHandles(eq(true));
+        when(mContext.getSystemServiceName(SystemConfigManager.class))
+                .thenReturn(Context.SYSTEM_CONFIG_SERVICE);
+        when(mContext.getSystemService(Context.SYSTEM_CONFIG_SERVICE))
+                .thenReturn(mSystemConfigManager);
+        if (mContext.getSystemService(SystemConfigManager.class) == null) {
+            // Test is using mockito-extended
+            doCallRealMethod().when(mContext).getSystemService(SystemConfigManager.class);
+        }
+        when(mSystemConfigManager.getSystemPermissionUids(anyString())).thenReturn(new int[0]);
+        doAnswer(invocation -> {
+            final Object[] args = invocation.getArguments();
+            final Context asUserCtx = mock(Context.class, AdditionalAnswers.delegatesTo(mContext));
+            final UserHandle user = (UserHandle) args[0];
+            doReturn(user).when(asUserCtx).getUser();
+            return asUserCtx;
+        }).when(mContext).createContextAsUser(any(), anyInt());
+        when(mDeps.getUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(any())).thenReturn(Set.of());
+        // Set DEVICE_INITIAL_SDK_INT to Q that SYSTEM_UID won't have restricted network permission
+        // by default.
+        doReturn(VERSION_Q).when(mDeps).getDeviceFirstSdkInt();
+
+        mPermissionMonitor = new PermissionMonitor(mContext, mNetdService, mBpfNetMaps, mDeps);
+        mNetdMonitor = new NetdMonitor(mNetdService);
+        mBpfMapMonitor = new BpfMapMonitor(mBpfNetMaps);
+
+        doReturn(List.of()).when(mPackageManager).getInstalledPackagesAsUser(anyInt(), anyInt());
+    }
+
+    private boolean hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(String partition, int targetSdkVersion,
+            String packageName, int uid, String... permissions) {
+        final PackageInfo packageInfo =
+                packageInfoWithPermissions(REQUESTED_PERMISSION_GRANTED, permissions, partition);
+        packageInfo.packageName = packageName;
+        packageInfo.applicationInfo.targetSdkVersion = targetSdkVersion;
+        packageInfo.applicationInfo.uid = uid;
+        return mPermissionMonitor.hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(packageInfo);
+    }
+
+    private boolean hasSdkSandbox(final int uid) {
+        return SdkLevel.isAtLeastT() && Process.isApplicationUid(uid);
+    }
+
+    private static PackageInfo systemPackageInfoWithPermissions(String... permissions) {
+        return packageInfoWithPermissions(
+                REQUESTED_PERMISSION_GRANTED, permissions, PARTITION_SYSTEM);
+    }
+
+    private static PackageInfo vendorPackageInfoWithPermissions(String... permissions) {
+        return packageInfoWithPermissions(
+                REQUESTED_PERMISSION_GRANTED, permissions, PARTITION_VENDOR);
+    }
+
+    private static PackageInfo packageInfoWithPermissions(int permissionsFlags,
+            String[] permissions, String partition) {
+        int[] requestedPermissionsFlags = new int[permissions.length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < permissions.length; i++) {
+            requestedPermissionsFlags[i] = permissionsFlags;
+        }
+        final PackageInfo packageInfo = new PackageInfo();
+        packageInfo.requestedPermissions = permissions;
+        packageInfo.applicationInfo = new ApplicationInfo();
+        packageInfo.requestedPermissionsFlags = requestedPermissionsFlags;
+        int privateFlags = 0;
+        switch (partition) {
+            case PARTITION_OEM:
+                privateFlags = PRIVATE_FLAG_OEM;
+                break;
+            case PARTITION_PRODUCT:
+                privateFlags = PRIVATE_FLAG_PRODUCT;
+                break;
+            case PARTITION_VENDOR:
+                privateFlags = PRIVATE_FLAG_VENDOR;
+                break;
+        }
+        packageInfo.applicationInfo.privateFlags = privateFlags;
+        return packageInfo;
+    }
+
+    private static PackageInfo buildPackageInfo(String packageName, int uid,
+            String... permissions) {
+        final PackageInfo pkgInfo = systemPackageInfoWithPermissions(permissions);
+        pkgInfo.packageName = packageName;
+        pkgInfo.applicationInfo.uid = uid;
+        return pkgInfo;
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Move this method to static lib.
+    private static @NonNull <T> T[] appendElement(Class<T> kind, @Nullable T[] array, T element) {
+        final T[] result;
+        if (array != null) {
+            result = Arrays.copyOf(array, array.length + 1);
+        } else {
+            result = (T[]) Array.newInstance(kind, 1);
+        }
+        result[result.length - 1] = element;
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    private void buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(String packageName, int uid,
+            String... permissions) throws Exception {
+        final PackageInfo packageInfo = buildPackageInfo(packageName, uid, permissions);
+        // This will return the wrong UID for the package when queried with other users.
+        doReturn(packageInfo).when(mPackageManager)
+                .getPackageInfo(eq(packageName), anyInt() /* flag */);
+        final String[] oldPackages = mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(uid);
+        // If it's duplicated package, no need to set it again.
+        if (CollectionUtils.contains(oldPackages, packageName)) return;
+
+        // Combine the package if this uid is shared with other packages.
+        final String[] newPackages = appendElement(String.class, oldPackages, packageName);
+        doReturn(newPackages).when(mPackageManager).getPackagesForUid(eq(uid));
+    }
+
+    private void addPackage(String packageName, int uid, String... permissions) throws Exception {
+        buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(packageName, uid, permissions);
+        mPermissionMonitor.onPackageAdded(packageName, uid);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHasPermission() {
+        PackageInfo app = systemPackageInfoWithPermissions();
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(app, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE));
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(app, NETWORK_STACK));
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(app, CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS));
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(app, CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL));
+
+        app = systemPackageInfoWithPermissions(CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE, NETWORK_STACK);
+        assertTrue(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(app, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE));
+        assertTrue(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(app, NETWORK_STACK));
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(app, CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS));
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(app, CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL));
+
+        app = systemPackageInfoWithPermissions(
+                CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS, CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL);
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(app, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE));
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(app, NETWORK_STACK));
+        assertTrue(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(app, CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS));
+        assertTrue(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(app, CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL));
+
+        app = packageInfoWithPermissions(REQUESTED_PERMISSION_REQUIRED, new String[] {
+                CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS, CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL, NETWORK_STACK },
+                PARTITION_SYSTEM);
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(app, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE));
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(app, NETWORK_STACK));
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(app, CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS));
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(app, CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL));
+
+        app = systemPackageInfoWithPermissions(CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE);
+        app.requestedPermissions = null;
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(app, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE));
+
+        app = systemPackageInfoWithPermissions(CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE);
+        app.requestedPermissionsFlags = null;
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(app, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIsVendorApp() {
+        PackageInfo app = systemPackageInfoWithPermissions();
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.isVendorApp(app.applicationInfo));
+        app = packageInfoWithPermissions(REQUESTED_PERMISSION_GRANTED,
+                new String[] {}, PARTITION_OEM);
+        assertTrue(mPermissionMonitor.isVendorApp(app.applicationInfo));
+        app = packageInfoWithPermissions(REQUESTED_PERMISSION_GRANTED,
+                new String[] {}, PARTITION_PRODUCT);
+        assertTrue(mPermissionMonitor.isVendorApp(app.applicationInfo));
+        app = vendorPackageInfoWithPermissions();
+        assertTrue(mPermissionMonitor.isVendorApp(app.applicationInfo));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHasNetworkPermission() {
+        PackageInfo app = systemPackageInfoWithPermissions();
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasNetworkPermission(app));
+        app = systemPackageInfoWithPermissions(CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE);
+        assertTrue(mPermissionMonitor.hasNetworkPermission(app));
+        app = systemPackageInfoWithPermissions(NETWORK_STACK);
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasNetworkPermission(app));
+        app = systemPackageInfoWithPermissions(CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS);
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasNetworkPermission(app));
+        app = systemPackageInfoWithPermissions(CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL);
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasNetworkPermission(app));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHasRestrictedNetworkPermission() {
+        assertFalse(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_P, MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11));
+        assertFalse(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_P, MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE));
+        assertTrue(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_P, MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11, NETWORK_STACK));
+        assertFalse(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_P, MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11, CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL));
+        assertTrue(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_P, MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11,
+                CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS));
+        assertFalse(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_P, MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11, CHANGE_WIFI_STATE));
+        assertTrue(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_P, MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11,
+                PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK));
+
+        assertFalse(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_Q, MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11));
+        assertFalse(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_Q, MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11, CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHasRestrictedNetworkPermissionSystemUid() {
+        doReturn(VERSION_P).when(mDeps).getDeviceFirstSdkInt();
+        assertTrue(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_P, SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_UID));
+        assertTrue(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_P, SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_UID, CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL));
+        assertTrue(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_P, SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_UID,
+                CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS));
+
+        doReturn(VERSION_Q).when(mDeps).getDeviceFirstSdkInt();
+        assertFalse(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_Q, SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_UID));
+        assertFalse(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_Q, SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_UID, CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL));
+        assertTrue(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_Q, SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_UID,
+                CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHasRestrictedNetworkPermissionVendorApp() {
+        assertTrue(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_VENDOR, VERSION_P, MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11));
+        assertTrue(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_VENDOR, VERSION_P, MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE));
+        assertTrue(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_VENDOR, VERSION_P, MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11, NETWORK_STACK));
+        assertTrue(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_VENDOR, VERSION_P, MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11, CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL));
+        assertTrue(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_VENDOR, VERSION_P, MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11,
+                CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS));
+        assertTrue(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_VENDOR, VERSION_P, MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11, CHANGE_WIFI_STATE));
+
+        assertFalse(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_VENDOR, VERSION_Q, MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11));
+        assertFalse(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_VENDOR, VERSION_Q, MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11, CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL));
+        assertFalse(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_VENDOR, VERSION_Q, MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHasRestrictedNetworkPermissionUidAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks() {
+        mPermissionMonitor.updateUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(Set.of(MOCK_UID11));
+        assertTrue(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_VENDOR, VERSION_Q, MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11));
+        assertTrue(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_VENDOR, VERSION_Q, MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE));
+        assertTrue(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_VENDOR, VERSION_Q, MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11, CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL));
+
+        assertFalse(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_VENDOR, VERSION_Q, MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID12));
+        assertFalse(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_VENDOR, VERSION_Q, MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID12, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE));
+        assertFalse(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_VENDOR, VERSION_Q, MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID12, CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL));
+
+    }
+
+    private boolean wouldBeCarryoverPackage(String partition, int targetSdkVersion, int uid) {
+        final PackageInfo packageInfo = packageInfoWithPermissions(
+                REQUESTED_PERMISSION_GRANTED, new String[] {}, partition);
+        packageInfo.applicationInfo.targetSdkVersion = targetSdkVersion;
+        packageInfo.applicationInfo.uid = uid;
+        return mPermissionMonitor.isCarryoverPackage(packageInfo.applicationInfo);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIsCarryoverPackage() {
+        doReturn(VERSION_P).when(mDeps).getDeviceFirstSdkInt();
+        assertTrue(wouldBeCarryoverPackage(PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_P, SYSTEM_UID));
+        assertTrue(wouldBeCarryoverPackage(PARTITION_VENDOR, VERSION_P, SYSTEM_UID));
+        assertFalse(wouldBeCarryoverPackage(PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_P, MOCK_UID11));
+        assertTrue(wouldBeCarryoverPackage(PARTITION_VENDOR, VERSION_P, MOCK_UID11));
+        assertTrue(wouldBeCarryoverPackage(PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_Q, SYSTEM_UID));
+        assertTrue(wouldBeCarryoverPackage(PARTITION_VENDOR, VERSION_Q, SYSTEM_UID));
+        assertFalse(wouldBeCarryoverPackage(PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_Q, MOCK_UID11));
+        assertFalse(wouldBeCarryoverPackage(PARTITION_VENDOR, VERSION_Q, MOCK_UID11));
+
+        doReturn(VERSION_Q).when(mDeps).getDeviceFirstSdkInt();
+        assertFalse(wouldBeCarryoverPackage(PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_P, SYSTEM_UID));
+        assertTrue(wouldBeCarryoverPackage(PARTITION_VENDOR, VERSION_P, SYSTEM_UID));
+        assertFalse(wouldBeCarryoverPackage(PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_P, MOCK_UID11));
+        assertTrue(wouldBeCarryoverPackage(PARTITION_VENDOR, VERSION_P, MOCK_UID11));
+        assertFalse(wouldBeCarryoverPackage(PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_Q, SYSTEM_UID));
+        assertFalse(wouldBeCarryoverPackage(PARTITION_VENDOR, VERSION_Q, SYSTEM_UID));
+        assertFalse(wouldBeCarryoverPackage(PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_Q, MOCK_UID11));
+        assertFalse(wouldBeCarryoverPackage(PARTITION_VENDOR, VERSION_Q, MOCK_UID11));
+
+        assertFalse(wouldBeCarryoverPackage(PARTITION_OEM, VERSION_Q, SYSTEM_UID));
+        assertFalse(wouldBeCarryoverPackage(PARTITION_PRODUCT, VERSION_Q, SYSTEM_UID));
+        assertFalse(wouldBeCarryoverPackage(PARTITION_OEM, VERSION_Q, MOCK_UID11));
+        assertFalse(wouldBeCarryoverPackage(PARTITION_PRODUCT, VERSION_Q, MOCK_UID11));
+    }
+
+    private boolean wouldBeUidAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(int uid) {
+        final ApplicationInfo applicationInfo = new ApplicationInfo();
+        applicationInfo.uid = uid;
+        return mPermissionMonitor.isUidAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(applicationInfo);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIsAppAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks() {
+        mPermissionMonitor.updateUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(Set.of());
+        assertFalse(wouldBeUidAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(MOCK_UID11));
+        assertFalse(wouldBeUidAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(MOCK_UID12));
+
+        mPermissionMonitor.updateUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(Set.of(MOCK_UID11));
+        assertTrue(wouldBeUidAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(MOCK_UID11));
+        assertFalse(wouldBeUidAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(MOCK_UID12));
+
+        mPermissionMonitor.updateUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(Set.of(MOCK_UID12));
+        assertFalse(wouldBeUidAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(MOCK_UID11));
+        assertTrue(wouldBeUidAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(MOCK_UID12));
+
+        mPermissionMonitor.updateUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(Set.of(123));
+        assertFalse(wouldBeUidAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(MOCK_UID11));
+        assertFalse(wouldBeUidAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(MOCK_UID12));
+    }
+
+    private void assertBackgroundPermission(boolean hasPermission, String name, int uid,
+            String... permissions) throws Exception {
+        addPackage(name, uid, permissions);
+        assertEquals(hasPermission, mPermissionMonitor.hasUseBackgroundNetworksPermission(uid));
+        if (hasSdkSandbox(uid)) {
+            final int sdkSandboxUid = mProcessShim.toSdkSandboxUid(uid);
+            assertEquals(hasPermission,
+                    mPermissionMonitor.hasUseBackgroundNetworksPermission(sdkSandboxUid));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHasUseBackgroundNetworksPermission() throws Exception {
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasUseBackgroundNetworksPermission(SYSTEM_UID));
+        assertBackgroundPermission(false, SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_UID);
+        assertBackgroundPermission(false, SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_UID, CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL);
+        assertBackgroundPermission(true, SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_UID, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE);
+        assertBackgroundPermission(true, SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_UID, NETWORK_STACK);
+
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasUseBackgroundNetworksPermission(MOCK_UID11));
+        assertBackgroundPermission(false, MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11);
+        assertBackgroundPermission(true, MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11,
+                CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS);
+
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasUseBackgroundNetworksPermission(MOCK_UID12));
+        assertBackgroundPermission(false, MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID12);
+        assertBackgroundPermission(false, MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID12,
+                CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL);
+        assertBackgroundPermission(true, MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID12, NETWORK_STACK);
+    }
+
+    private class BpfMapMonitor {
+        private final SparseIntArray mAppIdsTrafficPermission = new SparseIntArray();
+        private static final int DOES_NOT_EXIST = -2;
+
+        BpfMapMonitor(BpfNetMaps mockBpfmap) throws Exception {
+            // Add hook to verify and track result of trafficSetNetPerm.
+            doAnswer((InvocationOnMock invocation) -> {
+                final Object[] args = invocation.getArguments();
+                final int permission = (int) args[0];
+                for (final int appId : (int[]) args[1]) {
+                    mAppIdsTrafficPermission.put(appId, permission);
+                }
+                return null;
+            }).when(mockBpfmap).setNetPermForUids(anyInt(), any(int[].class));
+        }
+
+        public void expectTrafficPerm(int permission, Integer... appIds) {
+            for (final int appId : appIds) {
+                if (mAppIdsTrafficPermission.get(appId, DOES_NOT_EXIST) == DOES_NOT_EXIST) {
+                    fail("appId " + appId + " does not exist.");
+                }
+                if (mAppIdsTrafficPermission.get(appId) != permission) {
+                    fail("appId " + appId + " has wrong permission: "
+                            + mAppIdsTrafficPermission.get(appId));
+                }
+                if (hasSdkSandbox(appId)) {
+                    int sdkSandboxAppId = mProcessShim.toSdkSandboxUid(appId);
+                    if (mAppIdsTrafficPermission.get(sdkSandboxAppId, DOES_NOT_EXIST)
+                            == DOES_NOT_EXIST) {
+                        fail("SDK sandbox appId " + sdkSandboxAppId + " does not exist.");
+                    }
+                    if (mAppIdsTrafficPermission.get(sdkSandboxAppId) != permission) {
+                        fail("SDK sandbox appId " + sdkSandboxAppId + " has wrong permission: "
+                                + mAppIdsTrafficPermission.get(sdkSandboxAppId));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class NetdMonitor {
+        private final SparseIntArray mUidsNetworkPermission = new SparseIntArray();
+        private static final int DOES_NOT_EXIST = -2;
+
+        NetdMonitor(INetd mockNetd) throws Exception {
+            // Add hook to verify and track result of networkSetPermission.
+            doAnswer((InvocationOnMock invocation) -> {
+                final Object[] args = invocation.getArguments();
+                final int permission = (int) args[0];
+                for (final int uid : (int[]) args[1]) {
+                    // TODO: Currently, permission monitor will send duplicate commands for each uid
+                    // corresponding to each user. Need to fix that and uncomment below test.
+                    // if (mApps.containsKey(uid) && mApps.get(uid) == isSystem) {
+                    //     fail("uid " + uid + " is already set to " + isSystem);
+                    // }
+                    mUidsNetworkPermission.put(uid, permission);
+                }
+                return null;
+            }).when(mockNetd).networkSetPermissionForUser(anyInt(), any(int[].class));
+
+            // Add hook to verify and track result of networkClearPermission.
+            doAnswer((InvocationOnMock invocation) -> {
+                final Object[] args = invocation.getArguments();
+                for (final int uid : (int[]) args[0]) {
+                    // TODO: Currently, permission monitor will send duplicate commands for each uid
+                    // corresponding to each user. Need to fix that and uncomment below test.
+                    // if (!mApps.containsKey(uid)) {
+                    //     fail("uid " + uid + " does not exist.");
+                    // }
+                    mUidsNetworkPermission.delete(uid);
+                }
+                return null;
+            }).when(mockNetd).networkClearPermissionForUser(any(int[].class));
+        }
+
+        public void expectNetworkPerm(int permission, UserHandle[] users, int... appIds) {
+            for (final UserHandle user : users) {
+                for (final int appId : appIds) {
+                    final int uid = user.getUid(appId);
+                    if (mUidsNetworkPermission.get(uid, DOES_NOT_EXIST) == DOES_NOT_EXIST) {
+                        fail("uid " + uid + " does not exist.");
+                    }
+                    if (mUidsNetworkPermission.get(uid) != permission) {
+                        fail("uid " + uid + " has wrong permission: " +  permission);
+                    }
+                    if (hasSdkSandbox(uid)) {
+                        int sdkSandboxUid = mProcessShim.toSdkSandboxUid(uid);
+                        if (mUidsNetworkPermission.get(sdkSandboxUid, DOES_NOT_EXIST)
+                                == DOES_NOT_EXIST) {
+                            fail("SDK sandbox uid " + uid + " does not exist.");
+                        }
+                        if (mUidsNetworkPermission.get(sdkSandboxUid) != permission) {
+                            fail("SDK sandbox uid " + uid + " has wrong permission: "
+                                    + permission);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void expectNoNetworkPerm(UserHandle[] users, int... appIds) {
+            for (final UserHandle user : users) {
+                for (final int appId : appIds) {
+                    final int uid = user.getUid(appId);
+                    if (mUidsNetworkPermission.get(uid, DOES_NOT_EXIST) != DOES_NOT_EXIST) {
+                        fail("uid " + uid + " has listed permissions, expected none.");
+                    }
+                    if (hasSdkSandbox(uid)) {
+                        int sdkSandboxUid = mProcessShim.toSdkSandboxUid(uid);
+                        if (mUidsNetworkPermission.get(sdkSandboxUid, DOES_NOT_EXIST)
+                                != DOES_NOT_EXIST) {
+                            fail("SDK sandbox uid " + sdkSandboxUid
+                                    + " has listed permissions, expected none.");
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUserAndPackageAddRemove() throws Exception {
+        // MOCK_UID11: MOCK_PACKAGE1 only has network permission.
+        // SYSTEM_APP_UID11: SYSTEM_PACKAGE1 has system permission.
+        // SYSTEM_APP_UID11: SYSTEM_PACKAGE2 only has network permission.
+        buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE);
+        buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_APP_UID11,
+                CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS);
+        buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(SYSTEM_PACKAGE2, SYSTEM_APP_UID11,
+                CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE);
+
+        // Add user MOCK_USER1.
+        mPermissionMonitor.onUserAdded(MOCK_USER1);
+        // Add SYSTEM_PACKAGE2, expect only have network permission.
+        addPackageForUsers(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, SYSTEM_PACKAGE2, SYSTEM_APPID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(PERMISSION_NETWORK, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1},
+                SYSTEM_APPID1);
+
+        // Add SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, expect permission upgrade.
+        addPackageForUsers(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_APPID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(PERMISSION_SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1},
+                SYSTEM_APPID1);
+
+        final List<PackageInfo> pkgs = List.of(buildPackageInfo(SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_APP_UID21,
+                        CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS),
+                buildPackageInfo(SYSTEM_PACKAGE2, SYSTEM_APP_UID21, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE));
+        doReturn(pkgs).when(mPackageManager).getInstalledPackagesAsUser(eq(GET_PERMISSIONS),
+                eq(MOCK_USER_ID2));
+        // Add user MOCK_USER2.
+        mPermissionMonitor.onUserAdded(MOCK_USER2);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(PERMISSION_SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2},
+                SYSTEM_APPID1);
+
+        // Remove SYSTEM_PACKAGE2, expect keep system permission.
+        doReturn(new String[]{SYSTEM_PACKAGE1}).when(mPackageManager)
+                .getPackagesForUid(intThat(uid -> UserHandle.getAppId(uid) == SYSTEM_APPID1));
+        removePackageForUsers(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2},
+                SYSTEM_PACKAGE2, SYSTEM_APPID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(PERMISSION_SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2},
+                SYSTEM_APPID1);
+
+        // Add SYSTEM_PACKAGE2, expect keep system permission.
+        addPackageForUsers(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2}, SYSTEM_PACKAGE2,
+                SYSTEM_APPID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(PERMISSION_SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2},
+                SYSTEM_APPID1);
+
+        // Add MOCK_PACKAGE1
+        buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID21, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE);
+        addPackageForUsers(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2}, MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_APPID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(PERMISSION_SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2},
+                SYSTEM_APPID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(PERMISSION_NETWORK, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2},
+                MOCK_APPID1);
+
+        // Remove MOCK_PACKAGE1, expect no permission left for all user.
+        doReturn(new String[]{}).when(mPackageManager)
+                .getPackagesForUid(intThat(uid -> UserHandle.getAppId(uid) == MOCK_APPID1));
+        removePackageForUsers(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2}, MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_APPID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2}, MOCK_APPID1);
+
+        // Remove SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, expect permission downgrade.
+        when(mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(
+                intThat(uid -> UserHandle.getAppId(uid) == SYSTEM_APPID1)))
+                .thenReturn(new String[]{SYSTEM_PACKAGE2});
+        removePackageForUsers(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2},
+                SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_APPID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(PERMISSION_NETWORK, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2},
+                SYSTEM_APPID1);
+
+        mPermissionMonitor.onUserRemoved(MOCK_USER1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(PERMISSION_NETWORK, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER2},
+                SYSTEM_APPID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, SYSTEM_APPID1);
+
+        // Remove all packages, expect no permission left.
+        when(mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(
+                intThat(uid -> UserHandle.getAppId(uid) == SYSTEM_APPID1)))
+                .thenReturn(new String[]{});
+        removePackageForUsers(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER2}, SYSTEM_PACKAGE2, SYSTEM_APPID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2}, SYSTEM_APPID1,
+                MOCK_APPID1);
+
+        // Remove last user, expect no permission change.
+        mPermissionMonitor.onUserRemoved(MOCK_USER2);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2}, SYSTEM_APPID1,
+                MOCK_APPID1);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUidFilteringDuringVpnConnectDisconnectAndUidUpdates() throws Exception {
+        doReturn(List.of(buildPackageInfo(SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_APP_UID11, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE,
+                        CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS),
+                buildPackageInfo(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11),
+                buildPackageInfo(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID12),
+                buildPackageInfo(SYSTEM_PACKAGE2, VPN_UID)))
+                .when(mPackageManager).getInstalledPackagesAsUser(eq(GET_PERMISSIONS), anyInt());
+        buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11);
+        mPermissionMonitor.startMonitoring();
+        // Every app on user 0 except MOCK_UID12 are under VPN.
+        final Set<UidRange> vpnRange1 = Set.of(
+                new UidRange(0, MOCK_UID12 - 1),
+                new UidRange(MOCK_UID12 + 1, UserHandle.PER_USER_RANGE - 1));
+        final Set<UidRange> vpnRange2 = Set.of(new UidRange(MOCK_UID12, MOCK_UID12));
+
+        // When VPN is connected, expect a rule to be set up for user app MOCK_UID11
+        mPermissionMonitor.onVpnUidRangesAdded("tun0", vpnRange1, VPN_UID);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps).addUidInterfaceRules(eq("tun0"), aryEq(new int[]{MOCK_UID11}));
+
+        reset(mBpfNetMaps);
+
+        // When MOCK_UID11 package is uninstalled and reinstalled, expect Netd to be updated
+        mPermissionMonitor.onPackageRemoved(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps).removeUidInterfaceRules(aryEq(new int[]{MOCK_UID11}));
+        mPermissionMonitor.onPackageAdded(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps).addUidInterfaceRules(eq("tun0"), aryEq(new int[]{MOCK_UID11}));
+
+        reset(mBpfNetMaps);
+
+        // During VPN uid update (vpnRange1 -> vpnRange2), ConnectivityService first deletes the
+        // old UID rules then adds the new ones. Expect netd to be updated
+        mPermissionMonitor.onVpnUidRangesRemoved("tun0", vpnRange1, VPN_UID);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps).removeUidInterfaceRules(aryEq(new int[] {MOCK_UID11}));
+        mPermissionMonitor.onVpnUidRangesAdded("tun0", vpnRange2, VPN_UID);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps).addUidInterfaceRules(eq("tun0"), aryEq(new int[]{MOCK_UID12}));
+
+        reset(mBpfNetMaps);
+
+        // When VPN is disconnected, expect rules to be torn down
+        mPermissionMonitor.onVpnUidRangesRemoved("tun0", vpnRange2, VPN_UID);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps).removeUidInterfaceRules(aryEq(new int[] {MOCK_UID12}));
+        assertNull(mPermissionMonitor.getVpnUidRanges("tun0"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUidFilteringDuringPackageInstallAndUninstall() throws Exception {
+        doReturn(List.of(buildPackageInfo(SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_APP_UID11, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE,
+                        NETWORK_STACK, CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS),
+                buildPackageInfo(SYSTEM_PACKAGE2, VPN_UID)))
+                .when(mPackageManager).getInstalledPackagesAsUser(eq(GET_PERMISSIONS), anyInt());
+        buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11);
+
+        mPermissionMonitor.startMonitoring();
+        final Set<UidRange> vpnRange = Set.of(UidRange.createForUser(MOCK_USER1),
+                UidRange.createForUser(MOCK_USER2));
+        mPermissionMonitor.onVpnUidRangesAdded("tun0", vpnRange, VPN_UID);
+
+        // Newly-installed package should have uid rules added
+        addPackageForUsers(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2}, MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_APPID1);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps).addUidInterfaceRules(eq("tun0"), aryEq(new int[]{MOCK_UID11}));
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps).addUidInterfaceRules(eq("tun0"), aryEq(new int[]{MOCK_UID21}));
+
+        // Removed package should have its uid rules removed
+        mPermissionMonitor.onPackageRemoved(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps).removeUidInterfaceRules(aryEq(new int[]{MOCK_UID11}));
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps, never()).removeUidInterfaceRules(aryEq(new int[]{MOCK_UID21}));
+    }
+
+
+    // Normal package add/remove operations will trigger multiple intent for uids corresponding to
+    // each user. To simulate generic package operations, the onPackageAdded/Removed will need to be
+    // called multiple times with the uid corresponding to each user.
+    private void addPackageForUsers(UserHandle[] users, String packageName, int appId) {
+        for (final UserHandle user : users) {
+            mPermissionMonitor.onPackageAdded(packageName, user.getUid(appId));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void removePackageForUsers(UserHandle[] users, String packageName, int appId) {
+        for (final UserHandle user : users) {
+            mPermissionMonitor.onPackageRemoved(packageName, user.getUid(appId));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPackagePermissionUpdate() throws Exception {
+        // MOCK_APPID1: MOCK_PACKAGE1 only has internet permission.
+        // MOCK_APPID2: MOCK_PACKAGE2 does not have any permission.
+        // SYSTEM_APPID1: SYSTEM_PACKAGE1 has internet permission and update device stats permission
+        // SYSTEM_APPID2: SYSTEM_PACKAGE2 has only update device stats permission.
+        // The SDK sandbox APPIDs must have permissions mirroring the app
+        SparseIntArray netdPermissionsAppIds = new SparseIntArray();
+        netdPermissionsAppIds.put(MOCK_APPID1, PERMISSION_INTERNET);
+        if (hasSdkSandbox(MOCK_APPID1)) {
+            netdPermissionsAppIds.put(mProcessShim.toSdkSandboxUid(MOCK_APPID1),
+                    PERMISSION_INTERNET);
+        }
+        netdPermissionsAppIds.put(MOCK_APPID2, PERMISSION_NONE);
+        if (hasSdkSandbox(MOCK_APPID2)) {
+            netdPermissionsAppIds.put(mProcessShim.toSdkSandboxUid(MOCK_APPID2),
+                    PERMISSION_NONE);
+        }
+        netdPermissionsAppIds.put(SYSTEM_APPID1, PERMISSION_TRAFFIC_ALL);
+        netdPermissionsAppIds.put(SYSTEM_APPID2, PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS);
+
+        // Send the permission information to netd, expect permission updated.
+        mPermissionMonitor.sendAppIdsTrafficPermission(netdPermissionsAppIds);
+
+        mBpfMapMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_INTERNET, MOCK_APPID1);
+        mBpfMapMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_NONE, MOCK_APPID2);
+        mBpfMapMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_TRAFFIC_ALL, SYSTEM_APPID1);
+        mBpfMapMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS, SYSTEM_APPID2);
+
+        // Update permission of MOCK_APPID1, expect new permission show up.
+        mPermissionMonitor.sendPackagePermissionsForAppId(MOCK_APPID1, PERMISSION_TRAFFIC_ALL);
+        mBpfMapMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_TRAFFIC_ALL, MOCK_APPID1);
+
+        // Change permissions of SYSTEM_APPID2, expect new permission show up and old permission
+        // revoked.
+        mPermissionMonitor.sendPackagePermissionsForAppId(SYSTEM_APPID2, PERMISSION_INTERNET);
+        mBpfMapMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_INTERNET, SYSTEM_APPID2);
+
+        // Revoke permission from SYSTEM_APPID1, expect no permission stored.
+        mPermissionMonitor.sendPackagePermissionsForAppId(SYSTEM_APPID1, PERMISSION_NONE);
+        mBpfMapMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_NONE, SYSTEM_APPID1);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPackageInstall() throws Exception {
+        addPackage(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11, INTERNET, UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS);
+        mBpfMapMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_TRAFFIC_ALL, MOCK_APPID1);
+
+        addPackage(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID12, INTERNET);
+        mBpfMapMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_INTERNET, MOCK_APPID2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPackageInstallSharedUid() throws Exception {
+        addPackage(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11, INTERNET, UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS);
+        mBpfMapMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_TRAFFIC_ALL, MOCK_APPID1);
+
+        // Install another package with the same uid and no permissions should not cause the app id
+        // to lose permissions.
+        addPackage(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID11);
+        mBpfMapMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_TRAFFIC_ALL, MOCK_APPID1);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPackageUninstallBasic() throws Exception {
+        addPackage(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11, INTERNET, UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS);
+        mBpfMapMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_TRAFFIC_ALL, MOCK_APPID1);
+
+        when(mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(MOCK_UID11)).thenReturn(new String[]{});
+        mPermissionMonitor.onPackageRemoved(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11);
+        mBpfMapMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED, MOCK_APPID1);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPackageRemoveThenAdd() throws Exception {
+        addPackage(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11, INTERNET, UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS);
+        mBpfMapMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_TRAFFIC_ALL, MOCK_APPID1);
+
+        when(mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(MOCK_UID11)).thenReturn(new String[]{});
+        mPermissionMonitor.onPackageRemoved(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11);
+        mBpfMapMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED, MOCK_APPID1);
+
+        addPackage(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11, INTERNET);
+        mBpfMapMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_INTERNET, MOCK_APPID1);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPackageUpdate() throws Exception {
+        addPackage(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11);
+        mBpfMapMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_NONE, MOCK_APPID1);
+
+        addPackage(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11, INTERNET);
+        mBpfMapMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_INTERNET, MOCK_APPID1);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPackageUninstallWithMultiplePackages() throws Exception {
+        addPackage(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11, INTERNET, UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS);
+        mBpfMapMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_TRAFFIC_ALL, MOCK_APPID1);
+
+        // Install another package with the same uid but different permissions.
+        addPackage(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID11, INTERNET);
+        mBpfMapMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_TRAFFIC_ALL, MOCK_UID11);
+
+        // Uninstall MOCK_PACKAGE1 and expect only INTERNET permission left.
+        when(mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(eq(MOCK_UID11)))
+                .thenReturn(new String[]{MOCK_PACKAGE2});
+        mPermissionMonitor.onPackageRemoved(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11);
+        mBpfMapMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_INTERNET, MOCK_APPID1);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRealSystemPermission() throws Exception {
+        // Use the real context as this test must ensure the *real* system package holds the
+        // necessary permission.
+        final Context realContext = InstrumentationRegistry.getContext();
+        final PermissionMonitor monitor = new PermissionMonitor(realContext, mNetdService,
+                mBpfNetMaps);
+        final PackageManager manager = realContext.getPackageManager();
+        final PackageInfo systemInfo = manager.getPackageInfo(REAL_SYSTEM_PACKAGE_NAME,
+                GET_PERMISSIONS | MATCH_ANY_USER);
+        assertTrue(monitor.hasPermission(systemInfo, CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateUidPermissionsFromSystemConfig() throws Exception {
+        when(mSystemConfigManager.getSystemPermissionUids(eq(INTERNET)))
+                .thenReturn(new int[]{ MOCK_UID11, MOCK_UID12 });
+        when(mSystemConfigManager.getSystemPermissionUids(eq(UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS)))
+                .thenReturn(new int[]{ MOCK_UID12 });
+
+        mPermissionMonitor.startMonitoring();
+        mBpfMapMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_INTERNET, MOCK_APPID1);
+        mBpfMapMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_TRAFFIC_ALL, MOCK_APPID2);
+    }
+
+    private BroadcastReceiver expectBroadcastReceiver(String... actions) {
+        final ArgumentCaptor<BroadcastReceiver> receiverCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(BroadcastReceiver.class);
+        verify(mContext, times(1)).registerReceiver(receiverCaptor.capture(),
+                argThat(filter -> {
+                    for (String action : actions) {
+                        if (!filter.hasAction(action)) {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    return true;
+                }), any(), any());
+        return receiverCaptor.getValue();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIntentReceiver() throws Exception {
+        mPermissionMonitor.startMonitoring();
+        final BroadcastReceiver receiver = expectBroadcastReceiver(
+                Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED, Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_REMOVED);
+
+        // Verify receiving PACKAGE_ADDED intent.
+        final Intent addedIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED,
+                Uri.fromParts("package", MOCK_PACKAGE1, null /* fragment */));
+        addedIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_UID, MOCK_UID11);
+        buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11, INTERNET,
+                UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS);
+        receiver.onReceive(mContext, addedIntent);
+        mBpfMapMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_TRAFFIC_ALL, MOCK_APPID1);
+
+        // Verify receiving PACKAGE_REMOVED intent.
+        when(mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(MOCK_UID11)).thenReturn(new String[]{});
+        final Intent removedIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_REMOVED,
+                Uri.fromParts("package", MOCK_PACKAGE1, null /* fragment */));
+        removedIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_UID, MOCK_UID11);
+        receiver.onReceive(mContext, removedIntent);
+        mBpfMapMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED, MOCK_APPID1);
+    }
+
+    private ContentObserver expectRegisterContentObserver(Uri expectedUri) {
+        final ArgumentCaptor<ContentObserver> captor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(ContentObserver.class);
+        verify(mDeps).registerContentObserver(any(),
+                argThat(uri -> uri.equals(expectedUri)), anyBoolean(), captor.capture());
+        return captor.getValue();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworksChanged() throws Exception {
+        mPermissionMonitor.startMonitoring();
+        final ContentObserver contentObserver = expectRegisterContentObserver(
+                Settings.Global.getUriFor(UIDS_ALLOWED_ON_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS));
+
+        // Prepare PackageInfo for MOCK_PACKAGE1 and MOCK_PACKAGE2
+        buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11);
+        buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID12);
+
+        // MOCK_UID11 is listed in setting that allow to use restricted networks, MOCK_UID11
+        // should have SYSTEM permission.
+        when(mDeps.getUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(any())).thenReturn(Set.of(MOCK_UID11));
+        contentObserver.onChange(true /* selfChange */);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(PERMISSION_SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1},
+                MOCK_APPID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_APPID2);
+
+        // MOCK_UID12 is listed in setting that allow to use restricted networks, MOCK_UID12
+        // should have SYSTEM permission but MOCK_UID11 should revoke permission.
+        when(mDeps.getUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(any())).thenReturn(Set.of(MOCK_UID12));
+        contentObserver.onChange(true /* selfChange */);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(PERMISSION_SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1},
+                MOCK_APPID2);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_APPID1);
+
+        // No uid lists in setting, should revoke permission from all uids.
+        when(mDeps.getUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(any())).thenReturn(Set.of());
+        contentObserver.onChange(true /* selfChange */);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_APPID1, MOCK_APPID2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworksChangedWithSharedUid() throws Exception {
+        mPermissionMonitor.startMonitoring();
+        final ContentObserver contentObserver = expectRegisterContentObserver(
+                Settings.Global.getUriFor(UIDS_ALLOWED_ON_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS));
+
+        buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE);
+        buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID11);
+
+        // MOCK_PACKAGE1 have CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE, MOCK_UID11 should have NETWORK permission.
+        addPackageForUsers(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_APPID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(PERMISSION_NETWORK, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1},
+                MOCK_APPID1);
+
+        // MOCK_UID11 is listed in setting that allow to use restricted networks, MOCK_UID11
+        // should upgrade to SYSTEM permission.
+        when(mDeps.getUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(any())).thenReturn(Set.of(MOCK_UID11));
+        contentObserver.onChange(true /* selfChange */);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(PERMISSION_SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1},
+                MOCK_APPID1);
+
+        // No app lists in setting, MOCK_UID11 should downgrade to NETWORK permission.
+        when(mDeps.getUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(any())).thenReturn(Set.of());
+        contentObserver.onChange(true /* selfChange */);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(PERMISSION_NETWORK, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1},
+                MOCK_APPID1);
+
+        // MOCK_PACKAGE1 removed, should revoke permission from MOCK_UID11.
+        when(mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(MOCK_UID11)).thenReturn(new String[]{MOCK_PACKAGE2});
+        removePackageForUsers(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_APPID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_APPID1);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworksChangedWithMultipleUsers() throws Exception {
+        mPermissionMonitor.startMonitoring();
+        final ContentObserver contentObserver = expectRegisterContentObserver(
+                Settings.Global.getUriFor(UIDS_ALLOWED_ON_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS));
+
+        // Prepare PackageInfo for MOCK_APPID1 and MOCK_APPID2 in MOCK_USER1.
+        buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11);
+        buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID12);
+
+        // MOCK_UID11 is listed in setting that allow to use restricted networks, MOCK_UID11 should
+        // have SYSTEM permission and MOCK_UID12 has no permissions.
+        when(mDeps.getUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(any())).thenReturn(Set.of(MOCK_UID11));
+        contentObserver.onChange(true /* selfChange */);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(PERMISSION_SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1},
+                MOCK_APPID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_APPID2);
+
+        // Add user MOCK_USER2.
+        final List<PackageInfo> pkgs = List.of(buildPackageInfo(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID21));
+        buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID22);
+        doReturn(pkgs).when(mPackageManager)
+                .getInstalledPackagesAsUser(eq(GET_PERMISSIONS), eq(MOCK_USER_ID2));
+        mPermissionMonitor.onUserAdded(MOCK_USER2);
+        // MOCK_APPID1 in MOCK_USER1 should have SYSTEM permission but in MOCK_USER2 should have no
+        // permissions. And MOCK_APPID2 has no permissions in either users.
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(PERMISSION_SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1},
+                MOCK_APPID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER2}, MOCK_APPID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2}, MOCK_APPID2);
+
+        // MOCK_UID22 is listed in setting that allow to use restricted networks,
+        // MOCK_APPID2 in MOCK_USER2 should have SYSTEM permission but in MOCK_USER1 should have no
+        // permissions. And MOCK_APPID1 has no permissions in either users.
+        doReturn(Set.of(MOCK_UID22)).when(mDeps).getUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(any());
+        contentObserver.onChange(true /* selfChange */);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(PERMISSION_SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER2},
+                MOCK_APPID2);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_APPID2);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2}, MOCK_APPID1);
+
+        // Remove user MOCK_USER1
+        mPermissionMonitor.onUserRemoved(MOCK_USER1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(PERMISSION_SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER2},
+                MOCK_APPID2);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER2}, MOCK_APPID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_APPID2);
+
+        // No uid lists in setting, should revoke permission from all uids.
+        when(mDeps.getUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(any())).thenReturn(Set.of());
+        contentObserver.onChange(true /* selfChange */);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER2}, MOCK_APPID1, MOCK_APPID2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOnExternalApplicationsAvailable() throws Exception {
+        // Initial the permission state. MOCK_PACKAGE1 and MOCK_PACKAGE2 are installed on external
+        // and have different uids. There has no permission for both uids.
+        doReturn(List.of(buildPackageInfo(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11),
+                buildPackageInfo(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID12)))
+                .when(mPackageManager).getInstalledPackagesAsUser(eq(GET_PERMISSIONS), anyInt());
+        mPermissionMonitor.startMonitoring();
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_APPID1, MOCK_APPID2);
+        mBpfMapMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_NONE, MOCK_APPID1, MOCK_APPID2);
+
+        final BroadcastReceiver receiver = expectBroadcastReceiver(
+                Intent.ACTION_EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_AVAILABLE);
+        // Verify receiving EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_AVAILABLE intent and update permission to netd.
+        final Intent externalIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_AVAILABLE);
+        externalIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_CHANGED_PACKAGE_LIST,
+                new String[] { MOCK_PACKAGE1 , MOCK_PACKAGE2});
+        buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11,
+                CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS, INTERNET);
+        buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID12, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE,
+                UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS);
+        receiver.onReceive(mContext, externalIntent);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(PERMISSION_SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1},
+                MOCK_APPID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(PERMISSION_NETWORK, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1},
+                MOCK_APPID2);
+        mBpfMapMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_INTERNET, MOCK_APPID1);
+        mBpfMapMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS, MOCK_APPID2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOnExternalApplicationsAvailable_AppsNotRegisteredOnStartMonitoring()
+            throws Exception {
+        mPermissionMonitor.startMonitoring();
+        final BroadcastReceiver receiver = expectBroadcastReceiver(
+                Intent.ACTION_EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_AVAILABLE);
+
+        // Initial the permission state. MOCK_PACKAGE1 and MOCK_PACKAGE2 are installed on external
+        // and have different uids. There has no permission for both uids.
+        buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11,
+                CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS, INTERNET);
+        buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID12, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE,
+                UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS);
+
+        // Verify receiving EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_AVAILABLE intent and update permission to netd.
+        final Intent externalIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_AVAILABLE);
+        externalIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_CHANGED_PACKAGE_LIST,
+                new String[] { MOCK_PACKAGE1 , MOCK_PACKAGE2});
+        receiver.onReceive(mContext, externalIntent);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(PERMISSION_SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1},
+                MOCK_APPID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(PERMISSION_NETWORK, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1},
+                MOCK_APPID2);
+        mBpfMapMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_INTERNET, MOCK_APPID1);
+        mBpfMapMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS, MOCK_APPID2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOnExternalApplicationsAvailableWithSharedUid()
+            throws Exception {
+        // Initial the permission state. MOCK_PACKAGE1 and MOCK_PACKAGE2 are installed on external
+        // storage and shared on MOCK_UID11. There has no permission for MOCK_UID11.
+        doReturn(List.of(buildPackageInfo(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11),
+                buildPackageInfo(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID11)))
+                .when(mPackageManager).getInstalledPackagesAsUser(eq(GET_PERMISSIONS), anyInt());
+        mPermissionMonitor.startMonitoring();
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_APPID1);
+        mBpfMapMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_NONE, MOCK_APPID1);
+
+        final BroadcastReceiver receiver = expectBroadcastReceiver(
+                Intent.ACTION_EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_AVAILABLE);
+        // Verify receiving EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_AVAILABLE intent and update permission to netd.
+        final Intent externalIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_AVAILABLE);
+        externalIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_CHANGED_PACKAGE_LIST, new String[] {MOCK_PACKAGE1});
+        buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE);
+        buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID11, UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS);
+        receiver.onReceive(mContext, externalIntent);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(PERMISSION_NETWORK, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1},
+                MOCK_APPID1);
+        mBpfMapMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS, MOCK_APPID1);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOnExternalApplicationsAvailableWithSharedUid_DifferentStorage()
+            throws Exception {
+        // Initial the permission state. MOCK_PACKAGE1 is installed on external storage and
+        // MOCK_PACKAGE2 is installed on device. These two packages are shared on MOCK_UID11.
+        // MOCK_UID11 has NETWORK and INTERNET permissions.
+        doReturn(List.of(buildPackageInfo(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11),
+                buildPackageInfo(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID11, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE, INTERNET)))
+                .when(mPackageManager).getInstalledPackagesAsUser(eq(GET_PERMISSIONS), anyInt());
+        mPermissionMonitor.startMonitoring();
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(PERMISSION_NETWORK, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1},
+                MOCK_APPID1);
+        mBpfMapMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_INTERNET, MOCK_APPID1);
+
+        final BroadcastReceiver receiver = expectBroadcastReceiver(
+                Intent.ACTION_EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_AVAILABLE);
+        // Verify receiving EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_AVAILABLE intent and update permission to netd.
+        final Intent externalIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_AVAILABLE);
+        externalIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_CHANGED_PACKAGE_LIST, new String[] {MOCK_PACKAGE1});
+        buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11,
+                CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS, UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS);
+        buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID11, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE,
+                INTERNET);
+        receiver.onReceive(mContext, externalIntent);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(PERMISSION_SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1},
+                MOCK_APPID1);
+        mBpfMapMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_TRAFFIC_ALL, MOCK_APPID1);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIsHigherNetworkPermission() {
+        assertFalse(isHigherNetworkPermission(PERMISSION_NONE, PERMISSION_NONE));
+        assertFalse(isHigherNetworkPermission(PERMISSION_NONE, PERMISSION_NETWORK));
+        assertFalse(isHigherNetworkPermission(PERMISSION_NONE, PERMISSION_SYSTEM));
+        assertTrue(isHigherNetworkPermission(PERMISSION_NETWORK, PERMISSION_NONE));
+        assertFalse(isHigherNetworkPermission(PERMISSION_NETWORK, PERMISSION_NETWORK));
+        assertFalse(isHigherNetworkPermission(PERMISSION_NETWORK, PERMISSION_SYSTEM));
+        assertTrue(isHigherNetworkPermission(PERMISSION_SYSTEM, PERMISSION_NONE));
+        assertTrue(isHigherNetworkPermission(PERMISSION_SYSTEM, PERMISSION_NETWORK));
+        assertFalse(isHigherNetworkPermission(PERMISSION_SYSTEM, PERMISSION_SYSTEM));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/UidRangeUtilsTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/UidRangeUtilsTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b8c552e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/UidRangeUtilsTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,405 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.net.UidRange;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * Tests for UidRangeUtils.
+ *
+ * Build, install and run with:
+ *  runtest frameworks-net -c com.android.server.connectivity.UidRangeUtilsTest
+ */
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class UidRangeUtilsTest {
+    private static void assertInSameRange(@NonNull final String msg,
+            @Nullable final UidRange r1,
+            @Nullable final Set<UidRange> s2) {
+        assertTrue(msg + " : " + s2 + " unexpectedly is not in range of " + r1,
+                UidRangeUtils.isRangeSetInUidRange(r1, s2));
+    }
+
+    private static void assertNotInSameRange(@NonNull final String msg,
+            @Nullable final UidRange r1, @Nullable final Set<UidRange> s2) {
+        assertFalse(msg + " : " + s2 + " unexpectedly is in range of " + r1,
+                UidRangeUtils.isRangeSetInUidRange(r1, s2));
+    }
+
+    @Test @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testRangeSetInUidRange() {
+        final UidRange uids1 = new UidRange(1, 100);
+        final UidRange uids2 = new UidRange(3, 300);
+        final UidRange uids3 = new UidRange(1, 1000);
+        final UidRange uids4 = new UidRange(1, 100);
+        final UidRange uids5 = new UidRange(2, 20);
+        final UidRange uids6 = new UidRange(3, 30);
+
+        assertThrows(NullPointerException.class,
+                () -> UidRangeUtils.isRangeSetInUidRange(null, null));
+        assertThrows(NullPointerException.class,
+                () -> UidRangeUtils.isRangeSetInUidRange(uids1, null));
+
+        final ArraySet<UidRange> set1 = new ArraySet<>();
+        final ArraySet<UidRange> set2 = new ArraySet<>();
+
+        assertThrows(NullPointerException.class,
+                () -> UidRangeUtils.isRangeSetInUidRange(null, set1));
+        assertInSameRange("uids1 <=> empty", uids1, set2);
+
+        set2.add(uids1);
+        assertInSameRange("uids1 <=> uids1", uids1, set2);
+
+        set2.clear();
+        set2.add(uids2);
+        assertNotInSameRange("uids1 <=> uids2", uids1, set2);
+        set2.clear();
+        set2.add(uids3);
+        assertNotInSameRange("uids1 <=> uids3", uids1, set2);
+        set2.clear();
+        set2.add(uids4);
+        assertInSameRange("uids1 <=> uids4", uids1, set2);
+
+        set2.clear();
+        set2.add(uids5);
+        set2.add(uids6);
+        assertInSameRange("uids1 <=> uids5, 6", uids1, set2);
+
+        set2.clear();
+        set2.add(uids2);
+        set2.add(uids6);
+        assertNotInSameRange("uids1 <=> uids2, 6", uids1, set2);
+    }
+
+    @Test @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testRemoveRangeSetFromUidRange() {
+        final UidRange uids1 = new UidRange(1, 100);
+        final UidRange uids2 = new UidRange(3, 300);
+        final UidRange uids3 = new UidRange(1, 1000);
+        final UidRange uids4 = new UidRange(1, 100);
+        final UidRange uids5 = new UidRange(2, 20);
+        final UidRange uids6 = new UidRange(3, 30);
+        final UidRange uids7 = new UidRange(30, 39);
+
+        final UidRange uids8 = new UidRange(1, 1);
+        final UidRange uids9 = new UidRange(21, 100);
+        final UidRange uids10 = new UidRange(1, 2);
+        final UidRange uids11 = new UidRange(31, 100);
+
+        final UidRange uids12 = new UidRange(1, 1);
+        final UidRange uids13 = new UidRange(21, 29);
+        final UidRange uids14 = new UidRange(40, 100);
+
+        final UidRange uids15 = new UidRange(3, 30);
+        final UidRange uids16 = new UidRange(31, 39);
+
+        assertThrows(NullPointerException.class,
+                () -> UidRangeUtils.removeRangeSetFromUidRange(null, null));
+        Set<UidRange> expected = new ArraySet<>();
+        expected.add(uids1);
+        assertThrows(NullPointerException.class,
+                () -> UidRangeUtils.removeRangeSetFromUidRange(uids1, null));
+        assertEquals(expected, UidRangeUtils.removeRangeSetFromUidRange(uids1, new ArraySet<>()));
+
+        expected.clear();
+        final ArraySet<UidRange> set2 = new ArraySet<>();
+        set2.add(uids1);
+        assertEquals(expected, UidRangeUtils.removeRangeSetFromUidRange(uids1, set2));
+        set2.clear();
+        set2.add(uids4);
+        assertEquals(expected, UidRangeUtils.removeRangeSetFromUidRange(uids1, set2));
+
+        expected.add(uids10);
+        set2.clear();
+        set2.add(uids2);
+        assertEquals(expected, UidRangeUtils.removeRangeSetFromUidRange(uids1, set2));
+
+        expected.clear();
+        set2.clear();
+        set2.add(uids3);
+        assertEquals(expected, UidRangeUtils.removeRangeSetFromUidRange(uids1, set2));
+
+        set2.clear();
+        set2.add(uids3);
+        set2.add(uids6);
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> UidRangeUtils.removeRangeSetFromUidRange(uids1, set2));
+
+        expected.clear();
+        expected.add(uids8);
+        expected.add(uids9);
+        set2.clear();
+        set2.add(uids5);
+        assertEquals(expected, UidRangeUtils.removeRangeSetFromUidRange(uids1, set2));
+
+        expected.clear();
+        expected.add(uids10);
+        expected.add(uids11);
+        set2.clear();
+        set2.add(uids6);
+        assertEquals(expected, UidRangeUtils.removeRangeSetFromUidRange(uids1, set2));
+
+        expected.clear();
+        expected.add(uids12);
+        expected.add(uids13);
+        expected.add(uids14);
+        set2.clear();
+        set2.add(uids5);
+        set2.add(uids7);
+        assertEquals(expected, UidRangeUtils.removeRangeSetFromUidRange(uids1, set2));
+
+        expected.clear();
+        expected.add(uids10);
+        expected.add(uids14);
+        set2.clear();
+        set2.add(uids15);
+        set2.add(uids16);
+        assertEquals(expected, UidRangeUtils.removeRangeSetFromUidRange(uids1, set2));
+    }
+
+    private static void assertRangeOverlaps(@NonNull final String msg,
+            @Nullable final Set<UidRange> s1,
+            @Nullable final Set<UidRange> s2) {
+        assertTrue(msg + " : " + s2 + " unexpectedly does not overlap with " + s1,
+                UidRangeUtils.doesRangeSetOverlap(s1, s2));
+    }
+
+    private static void assertRangeDoesNotOverlap(@NonNull final String msg,
+            @Nullable final Set<UidRange> s1, @Nullable final Set<UidRange> s2) {
+        assertFalse(msg + " : " + s2 + " unexpectedly ovelaps with " + s1,
+                UidRangeUtils.doesRangeSetOverlap(s1, s2));
+    }
+
+    @Test @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testRangeSetOverlap() {
+        final UidRange uids1 = new UidRange(1, 100);
+        final UidRange uids2 = new UidRange(3, 300);
+        final UidRange uids3 = new UidRange(1, 1000);
+        final UidRange uids4 = new UidRange(1, 100);
+        final UidRange uids5 = new UidRange(2, 20);
+        final UidRange uids6 = new UidRange(3, 30);
+        final UidRange uids7 = new UidRange(0, 0);
+        final UidRange uids8 = new UidRange(1, 500);
+        final UidRange uids9 = new UidRange(101, 200);
+
+        assertThrows(NullPointerException.class,
+                () -> UidRangeUtils.doesRangeSetOverlap(null, null));
+
+        final ArraySet<UidRange> set1 = new ArraySet<>();
+        final ArraySet<UidRange> set2 = new ArraySet<>();
+        assertThrows(NullPointerException.class,
+                () -> UidRangeUtils.doesRangeSetOverlap(set1, null));
+        assertThrows(NullPointerException.class,
+                () -> UidRangeUtils.doesRangeSetOverlap(null, set2));
+        assertRangeDoesNotOverlap("empty <=> null", set1, set2);
+
+        set2.add(uids1);
+        set1.add(uids1);
+        assertRangeOverlaps("uids1 <=> uids1", set1, set2);
+
+        set1.clear();
+        set1.add(uids1);
+        set2.clear();
+        set2.add(uids2);
+        assertRangeOverlaps("uids1 <=> uids2", set1, set2);
+
+        set1.clear();
+        set1.add(uids1);
+        set2.clear();
+        set2.add(uids3);
+        assertRangeOverlaps("uids1 <=> uids3", set1, set2);
+
+        set1.clear();
+        set1.add(uids1);
+        set2.clear();
+        set2.add(uids4);
+        assertRangeOverlaps("uids1 <=> uids4", set1, set2);
+
+        set1.clear();
+        set1.add(uids1);
+        set2.clear();
+        set2.add(uids5);
+        set2.add(uids6);
+        assertRangeOverlaps("uids1 <=> uids5,6", set1, set2);
+
+        set1.clear();
+        set1.add(uids1);
+        set2.clear();
+        set2.add(uids7);
+        assertRangeDoesNotOverlap("uids1 <=> uids7", set1, set2);
+
+        set1.clear();
+        set1.add(uids1);
+        set2.clear();
+        set2.add(uids9);
+        assertRangeDoesNotOverlap("uids1 <=> uids9", set1, set2);
+
+        set1.clear();
+        set1.add(uids1);
+        set2.clear();
+        set2.add(uids8);
+        assertRangeOverlaps("uids1 <=> uids8", set1, set2);
+
+
+        set1.clear();
+        set1.add(uids1);
+        set2.clear();
+        set2.add(uids8);
+        set2.add(uids7);
+        assertRangeOverlaps("uids1 <=> uids7, 8", set1, set2);
+    }
+
+    @Test @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testConvertListToUidRange() {
+        final UidRange uids1 = new UidRange(1, 1);
+        final UidRange uids2 = new UidRange(1, 2);
+        final UidRange uids3 = new UidRange(100, 100);
+        final UidRange uids4 = new UidRange(10, 10);
+
+        final UidRange uids5 = new UidRange(10, 14);
+        final UidRange uids6 = new UidRange(20, 24);
+
+        final Set<UidRange> expected = new ArraySet<>();
+        final List<Integer> input = new ArrayList<Integer>();
+
+        assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> UidRangeUtils.convertListToUidRange(null));
+        assertEquals(expected, UidRangeUtils.convertListToUidRange(input));
+
+        input.add(1);
+        expected.add(uids1);
+        assertEquals(expected, UidRangeUtils.convertListToUidRange(input));
+
+        input.add(2);
+        expected.clear();
+        expected.add(uids2);
+        assertEquals(expected, UidRangeUtils.convertListToUidRange(input));
+
+        input.clear();
+        input.add(1);
+        input.add(100);
+        expected.clear();
+        expected.add(uids1);
+        expected.add(uids3);
+        assertEquals(expected, UidRangeUtils.convertListToUidRange(input));
+
+        input.clear();
+        input.add(100);
+        input.add(1);
+        expected.clear();
+        expected.add(uids1);
+        expected.add(uids3);
+        assertEquals(expected, UidRangeUtils.convertListToUidRange(input));
+
+        input.clear();
+        input.add(100);
+        input.add(1);
+        input.add(2);
+        input.add(1);
+        input.add(10);
+        expected.clear();
+        expected.add(uids2);
+        expected.add(uids4);
+        expected.add(uids3);
+        assertEquals(expected, UidRangeUtils.convertListToUidRange(input));
+
+        input.clear();
+        input.add(10);
+        input.add(11);
+        input.add(12);
+        input.add(13);
+        input.add(14);
+        input.add(20);
+        input.add(21);
+        input.add(22);
+        input.add(23);
+        input.add(24);
+        expected.clear();
+        expected.add(uids5);
+        expected.add(uids6);
+        assertEquals(expected, UidRangeUtils.convertListToUidRange(input));
+    }
+
+    @Test @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testConvertArrayToUidRange() {
+        final UidRange uids1_1 = new UidRange(1, 1);
+        final UidRange uids1_2 = new UidRange(1, 2);
+        final UidRange uids100_100 = new UidRange(100, 100);
+        final UidRange uids10_10 = new UidRange(10, 10);
+
+        final UidRange uids10_14 = new UidRange(10, 14);
+        final UidRange uids20_24 = new UidRange(20, 24);
+
+        final Set<UidRange> expected = new ArraySet<>();
+        int[] input = new int[0];
+
+        assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> UidRangeUtils.convertArrayToUidRange(null));
+        assertEquals(expected, UidRangeUtils.convertArrayToUidRange(input));
+
+        input = new int[] {1};
+        expected.add(uids1_1);
+        assertEquals(expected, UidRangeUtils.convertArrayToUidRange(input));
+
+        input = new int[]{1, 2};
+        expected.clear();
+        expected.add(uids1_2);
+        assertEquals(expected, UidRangeUtils.convertArrayToUidRange(input));
+
+        input = new int[]{1, 100};
+        expected.clear();
+        expected.add(uids1_1);
+        expected.add(uids100_100);
+        assertEquals(expected, UidRangeUtils.convertArrayToUidRange(input));
+
+        input = new int[]{100, 1};
+        expected.clear();
+        expected.add(uids1_1);
+        expected.add(uids100_100);
+        assertEquals(expected, UidRangeUtils.convertArrayToUidRange(input));
+
+        input = new int[]{100, 1, 2, 1, 10};
+        expected.clear();
+        expected.add(uids1_2);
+        expected.add(uids10_10);
+        expected.add(uids100_100);
+        assertEquals(expected, UidRangeUtils.convertArrayToUidRange(input));
+
+        input = new int[]{10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24};
+        expected.clear();
+        expected.add(uids10_14);
+        expected.add(uids20_24);
+        assertEquals(expected, UidRangeUtils.convertArrayToUidRange(input));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33c0868
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1428 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity;
+
+import static android.Manifest.permission.BIND_VPN_SERVICE;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.CONTROL_VPN;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
+import static android.content.pm.UserInfo.FLAG_ADMIN;
+import static android.content.pm.UserInfo.FLAG_MANAGED_PROFILE;
+import static android.content.pm.UserInfo.FLAG_PRIMARY;
+import static android.content.pm.UserInfo.FLAG_RESTRICTED;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback;
+import static android.net.INetd.IF_STATE_DOWN;
+import static android.net.INetd.IF_STATE_UP;
+import static android.os.UserHandle.PER_USER_RANGE;
+
+import static com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel.isAtLeastT;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertThrows;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyBoolean;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.argThat;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.after;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.atLeastOnce;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doCallRealMethod;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doNothing;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.timeout;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.UserIdInt;
+import android.app.AppOpsManager;
+import android.app.NotificationManager;
+import android.app.PendingIntent;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.content.pm.ResolveInfo;
+import android.content.pm.ServiceInfo;
+import android.content.pm.UserInfo;
+import android.content.res.Resources;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.INetd;
+import android.net.Ikev2VpnProfile;
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.net.InterfaceConfigurationParcel;
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.net.IpSecManager;
+import android.net.IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.LocalSocket;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState;
+import android.net.RouteInfo;
+import android.net.UidRangeParcel;
+import android.net.VpnManager;
+import android.net.VpnService;
+import android.net.VpnTransportInfo;
+import android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeSessionCallback;
+import android.net.ipsec.ike.exceptions.IkeProtocolException;
+import android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES;
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.os.ConditionVariable;
+import android.os.INetworkManagementService;
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.os.Process;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
+import android.os.UserManager;
+import android.os.test.TestLooper;
+import android.provider.Settings;
+import android.security.Credentials;
+import android.util.ArrayMap;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
+import android.util.Range;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.internal.R;
+import com.android.internal.net.LegacyVpnInfo;
+import com.android.internal.net.VpnConfig;
+import com.android.internal.net.VpnProfile;
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+import com.android.server.IpSecService;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.AdditionalAnswers;
+import org.mockito.Answers;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.InOrder;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+import java.io.BufferedWriter;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.FileWriter;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+/**
+ * Tests for {@link Vpn}.
+ *
+ * Build, install and run with:
+ *  runtest frameworks-net -c com.android.server.connectivity.VpnTest
+ */
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class VpnTest {
+    private static final String TAG = "VpnTest";
+
+    // Mock users
+    static final UserInfo primaryUser = new UserInfo(27, "Primary", FLAG_ADMIN | FLAG_PRIMARY);
+    static final UserInfo secondaryUser = new UserInfo(15, "Secondary", FLAG_ADMIN);
+    static final UserInfo restrictedProfileA = new UserInfo(40, "RestrictedA", FLAG_RESTRICTED);
+    static final UserInfo restrictedProfileB = new UserInfo(42, "RestrictedB", FLAG_RESTRICTED);
+    static final UserInfo managedProfileA = new UserInfo(45, "ManagedA", FLAG_MANAGED_PROFILE);
+    static {
+        restrictedProfileA.restrictedProfileParentId = primaryUser.id;
+        restrictedProfileB.restrictedProfileParentId = secondaryUser.id;
+        managedProfileA.profileGroupId = primaryUser.id;
+    }
+
+    static final Network EGRESS_NETWORK = new Network(101);
+    static final String EGRESS_IFACE = "wlan0";
+    static final String TEST_VPN_PKG = "com.testvpn.vpn";
+    private static final String TEST_VPN_SERVER = "1.2.3.4";
+    private static final String TEST_VPN_IDENTITY = "identity";
+    private static final byte[] TEST_VPN_PSK = "psk".getBytes();
+
+    private static final Network TEST_NETWORK = new Network(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
+    private static final String TEST_IFACE_NAME = "TEST_IFACE";
+    private static final int TEST_TUNNEL_RESOURCE_ID = 0x2345;
+    private static final long TEST_TIMEOUT_MS = 500L;
+
+    /**
+     * Names and UIDs for some fake packages. Important points:
+     *  - UID is ordered increasing.
+     *  - One pair of packages have consecutive UIDs.
+     */
+    static final String[] PKGS = {"com.example", "org.example", "net.example", "web.vpn"};
+    static final int[] PKG_UIDS = {66, 77, 78, 400};
+
+    // Mock packages
+    static final Map<String, Integer> mPackages = new ArrayMap<>();
+    static {
+        for (int i = 0; i < PKGS.length; i++) {
+            mPackages.put(PKGS[i], PKG_UIDS[i]);
+        }
+    }
+    private static final Range<Integer> PRI_USER_RANGE = uidRangeForUser(primaryUser.id);
+
+    @Mock(answer = Answers.RETURNS_DEEP_STUBS) private Context mContext;
+    @Mock private UserManager mUserManager;
+    @Mock private PackageManager mPackageManager;
+    @Mock private INetworkManagementService mNetService;
+    @Mock private INetd mNetd;
+    @Mock private AppOpsManager mAppOps;
+    @Mock private NotificationManager mNotificationManager;
+    @Mock private Vpn.SystemServices mSystemServices;
+    @Mock private Vpn.Ikev2SessionCreator mIkev2SessionCreator;
+    @Mock private ConnectivityManager mConnectivityManager;
+    @Mock private IpSecService mIpSecService;
+    @Mock private VpnProfileStore mVpnProfileStore;
+    private final VpnProfile mVpnProfile;
+
+    private IpSecManager mIpSecManager;
+
+    public VpnTest() throws Exception {
+        // Build an actual VPN profile that is capable of being converted to and from an
+        // Ikev2VpnProfile
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder =
+                new Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder(TEST_VPN_SERVER, TEST_VPN_IDENTITY);
+        builder.setAuthPsk(TEST_VPN_PSK);
+        mVpnProfile = builder.build().toVpnProfile();
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+
+        mIpSecManager = new IpSecManager(mContext, mIpSecService);
+
+        when(mContext.getPackageManager()).thenReturn(mPackageManager);
+        setMockedPackages(mPackages);
+
+        when(mContext.getPackageName()).thenReturn(TEST_VPN_PKG);
+        when(mContext.getOpPackageName()).thenReturn(TEST_VPN_PKG);
+        mockService(UserManager.class, Context.USER_SERVICE, mUserManager);
+        mockService(AppOpsManager.class, Context.APP_OPS_SERVICE, mAppOps);
+        mockService(NotificationManager.class, Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE, mNotificationManager);
+        mockService(ConnectivityManager.class, Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE, mConnectivityManager);
+        mockService(IpSecManager.class, Context.IPSEC_SERVICE, mIpSecManager);
+        when(mContext.getString(R.string.config_customVpnAlwaysOnDisconnectedDialogComponent))
+                .thenReturn(Resources.getSystem().getString(
+                        R.string.config_customVpnAlwaysOnDisconnectedDialogComponent));
+        when(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_IPSEC_TUNNELS))
+                .thenReturn(true);
+
+        // Used by {@link Notification.Builder}
+        ApplicationInfo applicationInfo = new ApplicationInfo();
+        applicationInfo.targetSdkVersion = VERSION_CODES.CUR_DEVELOPMENT;
+        when(mContext.getApplicationInfo()).thenReturn(applicationInfo);
+        when(mPackageManager.getApplicationInfoAsUser(anyString(), anyInt(), anyInt()))
+                .thenReturn(applicationInfo);
+
+        doNothing().when(mNetService).registerObserver(any());
+
+        // Deny all appops by default.
+        when(mAppOps.noteOpNoThrow(anyString(), anyInt(), anyString(), any(), any()))
+                .thenReturn(AppOpsManager.MODE_IGNORED);
+
+        // Setup IpSecService
+        final IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse tunnelResp =
+                new IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse(
+                        IpSecManager.Status.OK, TEST_TUNNEL_RESOURCE_ID, TEST_IFACE_NAME);
+        when(mIpSecService.createTunnelInterface(any(), any(), any(), any(), any()))
+                .thenReturn(tunnelResp);
+        // The unit test should know what kind of permission it needs and set the permission by
+        // itself, so set the default value of Context#checkCallingOrSelfPermission to
+        // PERMISSION_DENIED.
+        doReturn(PERMISSION_DENIED).when(mContext).checkCallingOrSelfPermission(any());
+    }
+
+    private <T> void mockService(Class<T> clazz, String name, T service) {
+        doReturn(service).when(mContext).getSystemService(name);
+        doReturn(name).when(mContext).getSystemServiceName(clazz);
+        if (mContext.getSystemService(clazz).getClass().equals(Object.class)) {
+            // Test is using mockito-extended (mContext uses Answers.RETURNS_DEEP_STUBS and returned
+            // a mock object on a final method)
+            doCallRealMethod().when(mContext).getSystemService(clazz);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Set<Range<Integer>> rangeSet(Range<Integer> ... ranges) {
+        final Set<Range<Integer>> range = new ArraySet<>();
+        for (Range<Integer> r : ranges) range.add(r);
+
+        return range;
+    }
+
+    private static Range<Integer> uidRangeForUser(int userId) {
+        return new Range<Integer>(userId * PER_USER_RANGE, (userId + 1) * PER_USER_RANGE - 1);
+    }
+
+    private Range<Integer> uidRange(int start, int stop) {
+        return new Range<Integer>(start, stop);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRestrictedProfilesAreAddedToVpn() {
+        setMockedUsers(primaryUser, secondaryUser, restrictedProfileA, restrictedProfileB);
+
+        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(primaryUser.id);
+
+        // Assume the user can have restricted profiles.
+        doReturn(true).when(mUserManager).canHaveRestrictedProfile();
+        final Set<Range<Integer>> ranges =
+                vpn.createUserAndRestrictedProfilesRanges(primaryUser.id, null, null);
+
+        assertEquals(rangeSet(PRI_USER_RANGE, uidRangeForUser(restrictedProfileA.id)), ranges);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testManagedProfilesAreNotAddedToVpn() {
+        setMockedUsers(primaryUser, managedProfileA);
+
+        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(primaryUser.id);
+        final Set<Range<Integer>> ranges = vpn.createUserAndRestrictedProfilesRanges(primaryUser.id,
+                null, null);
+
+        assertEquals(rangeSet(PRI_USER_RANGE), ranges);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAddUserToVpnOnlyAddsOneUser() {
+        setMockedUsers(primaryUser, restrictedProfileA, managedProfileA);
+
+        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(primaryUser.id);
+        final Set<Range<Integer>> ranges = new ArraySet<>();
+        vpn.addUserToRanges(ranges, primaryUser.id, null, null);
+
+        assertEquals(rangeSet(PRI_USER_RANGE), ranges);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUidAllowAndDenylist() throws Exception {
+        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(primaryUser.id);
+        final Range<Integer> user = PRI_USER_RANGE;
+        final int userStart = user.getLower();
+        final int userStop = user.getUpper();
+        final String[] packages = {PKGS[0], PKGS[1], PKGS[2]};
+
+        // Allowed list
+        final Set<Range<Integer>> allow = vpn.createUserAndRestrictedProfilesRanges(primaryUser.id,
+                Arrays.asList(packages), null /* disallowedApplications */);
+        assertEquals(rangeSet(
+                uidRange(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0], userStart + PKG_UIDS[0]),
+                uidRange(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1], userStart + PKG_UIDS[2])),
+                allow);
+
+        // Denied list
+        final Set<Range<Integer>> disallow =
+                vpn.createUserAndRestrictedProfilesRanges(primaryUser.id,
+                        null /* allowedApplications */, Arrays.asList(packages));
+        assertEquals(rangeSet(
+                uidRange(userStart, userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] - 1),
+                uidRange(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
+                /* Empty range between UIDS[1] and UIDS[2], should be excluded, */
+                uidRange(userStart + PKG_UIDS[2] + 1, userStop)),
+                disallow);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetAlwaysAndOnGetLockDown() throws Exception {
+        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(primaryUser.id);
+
+        // Default state.
+        assertFalse(vpn.getAlwaysOn());
+        assertFalse(vpn.getLockdown());
+
+        // Set always-on without lockdown.
+        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], false, Collections.emptyList()));
+        assertTrue(vpn.getAlwaysOn());
+        assertFalse(vpn.getLockdown());
+
+        // Set always-on with lockdown.
+        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], true, Collections.emptyList()));
+        assertTrue(vpn.getAlwaysOn());
+        assertTrue(vpn.getLockdown());
+
+        // Remove always-on configuration.
+        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(null, false, Collections.emptyList()));
+        assertFalse(vpn.getAlwaysOn());
+        assertFalse(vpn.getLockdown());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLockdownChangingPackage() throws Exception {
+        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(primaryUser.id);
+        final Range<Integer> user = PRI_USER_RANGE;
+        final int userStart = user.getLower();
+        final int userStop = user.getUpper();
+        // Set always-on without lockdown.
+        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], false, null));
+
+        // Set always-on with lockdown.
+        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], true, null));
+        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart, userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1, userStop)
+        }));
+
+        // Switch to another app.
+        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[3], true, null));
+        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(false, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart, userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1, userStop)
+        }));
+        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart, userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1),
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] + 1, userStop)
+        }));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLockdownAllowlist() throws Exception {
+        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(primaryUser.id);
+        final Range<Integer> user = PRI_USER_RANGE;
+        final int userStart = user.getLower();
+        final int userStop = user.getUpper();
+        // Set always-on with lockdown and allow app PKGS[2] from lockdown.
+        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
+                PKGS[1], true, Collections.singletonList(PKGS[2])));
+        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[]  {
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart, userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[2] + 1, userStop)
+        }));
+        // Change allowed app list to PKGS[3].
+        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
+                PKGS[1], true, Collections.singletonList(PKGS[3])));
+        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(false, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[2] + 1, userStop)
+        }));
+        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1, userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1),
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] + 1, userStop)
+        }));
+
+        // Change the VPN app.
+        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
+                PKGS[0], true, Collections.singletonList(PKGS[3])));
+        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(false, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart, userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1, userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1)
+        }));
+        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart, userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] - 1),
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1)
+        }));
+
+        // Remove the list of allowed packages.
+        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[0], true, null));
+        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(false, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1),
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] + 1, userStop)
+        }));
+        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, userStop),
+        }));
+
+        // Add the list of allowed packages.
+        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
+                PKGS[0], true, Collections.singletonList(PKGS[1])));
+        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(false, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, userStop)
+        }));
+        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1, userStop)
+        }));
+
+        // Try allowing a package with a comma, should be rejected.
+        assertFalse(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
+                PKGS[0], true, Collections.singletonList("a.b,c.d")));
+
+        // Pass a non-existent packages in the allowlist, they (and only they) should be ignored.
+        // allowed package should change from PGKS[1] to PKGS[2].
+        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
+                PKGS[0], true, Arrays.asList("com.foo.app", PKGS[2], "com.bar.app")));
+        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(false, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1, userStop)
+        }));
+        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, userStart + PKG_UIDS[2] - 1),
+                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[2] + 1, userStop)
+        }));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLockdownRuleRepeatability() throws Exception {
+        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(primaryUser.id);
+        final UidRangeParcel[] primaryUserRangeParcel = new UidRangeParcel[] {
+                new UidRangeParcel(PRI_USER_RANGE.getLower(), PRI_USER_RANGE.getUpper())};
+        // Given legacy lockdown is already enabled,
+        vpn.setLockdown(true);
+        verify(mConnectivityManager, times(1)).setRequireVpnForUids(true,
+                toRanges(primaryUserRangeParcel));
+
+        // Enabling legacy lockdown twice should do nothing.
+        vpn.setLockdown(true);
+        verify(mConnectivityManager, times(1)).setRequireVpnForUids(anyBoolean(), any());
+
+        // And disabling should remove the rules exactly once.
+        vpn.setLockdown(false);
+        verify(mConnectivityManager, times(1)).setRequireVpnForUids(false,
+                toRanges(primaryUserRangeParcel));
+
+        // Removing the lockdown again should have no effect.
+        vpn.setLockdown(false);
+        verify(mConnectivityManager, times(2)).setRequireVpnForUids(anyBoolean(), any());
+    }
+
+    private ArrayList<Range<Integer>> toRanges(UidRangeParcel[] ranges) {
+        ArrayList<Range<Integer>> rangesArray = new ArrayList<>(ranges.length);
+        for (int i = 0; i < ranges.length; i++) {
+            rangesArray.add(new Range<>(ranges[i].start, ranges[i].stop));
+        }
+        return rangesArray;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLockdownRuleReversibility() throws Exception {
+        doReturn(PERMISSION_GRANTED).when(mContext).checkCallingOrSelfPermission(CONTROL_VPN);
+        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(primaryUser.id);
+        final UidRangeParcel[] entireUser = {
+            new UidRangeParcel(PRI_USER_RANGE.getLower(), PRI_USER_RANGE.getUpper())
+        };
+        final UidRangeParcel[] exceptPkg0 = {
+            new UidRangeParcel(entireUser[0].start, entireUser[0].start + PKG_UIDS[0] - 1),
+            new UidRangeParcel(entireUser[0].start + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, entireUser[0].stop)
+        };
+
+        final InOrder order = inOrder(mConnectivityManager);
+
+        // Given lockdown is enabled with no package (legacy VPN),
+        vpn.setLockdown(true);
+        order.verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(entireUser));
+
+        // When a new VPN package is set the rules should change to cover that package.
+        vpn.prepare(null, PKGS[0], VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE);
+        order.verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(false, toRanges(entireUser));
+        order.verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(exceptPkg0));
+
+        // When that VPN package is unset, everything should be undone again in reverse.
+        vpn.prepare(null, VpnConfig.LEGACY_VPN, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE);
+        order.verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(false, toRanges(exceptPkg0));
+        order.verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(entireUser));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrepare_throwSecurityExceptionWhenGivenPackageDoesNotBelongToTheCaller()
+            throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(isAtLeastT());
+        final Vpn vpn = createVpnAndSetupUidChecks();
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class,
+                () -> vpn.prepare("com.not.vpn.owner", null, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE));
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class,
+                () -> vpn.prepare(null, "com.not.vpn.owner", VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE));
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class,
+                () -> vpn.prepare("com.not.vpn.owner1", "com.not.vpn.owner2",
+                        VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrepare_bothOldPackageAndNewPackageAreNull() throws Exception {
+        final Vpn vpn = createVpnAndSetupUidChecks();
+        assertTrue(vpn.prepare(null, null, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE));
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIsAlwaysOnPackageSupported() throws Exception {
+        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(primaryUser.id);
+
+        ApplicationInfo appInfo = new ApplicationInfo();
+        when(mPackageManager.getApplicationInfoAsUser(eq(PKGS[0]), anyInt(), eq(primaryUser.id)))
+                .thenReturn(appInfo);
+
+        ServiceInfo svcInfo = new ServiceInfo();
+        ResolveInfo resInfo = new ResolveInfo();
+        resInfo.serviceInfo = svcInfo;
+        when(mPackageManager.queryIntentServicesAsUser(any(), eq(PackageManager.GET_META_DATA),
+                eq(primaryUser.id)))
+                .thenReturn(Collections.singletonList(resInfo));
+
+        // null package name should return false
+        assertFalse(vpn.isAlwaysOnPackageSupported(null));
+
+        // Pre-N apps are not supported
+        appInfo.targetSdkVersion = VERSION_CODES.M;
+        assertFalse(vpn.isAlwaysOnPackageSupported(PKGS[0]));
+
+        // N+ apps are supported by default
+        appInfo.targetSdkVersion = VERSION_CODES.N;
+        assertTrue(vpn.isAlwaysOnPackageSupported(PKGS[0]));
+
+        // Apps that opt out explicitly are not supported
+        appInfo.targetSdkVersion = VERSION_CODES.CUR_DEVELOPMENT;
+        Bundle metaData = new Bundle();
+        metaData.putBoolean(VpnService.SERVICE_META_DATA_SUPPORTS_ALWAYS_ON, false);
+        svcInfo.metaData = metaData;
+        assertFalse(vpn.isAlwaysOnPackageSupported(PKGS[0]));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNotificationShownForAlwaysOnApp() throws Exception {
+        final UserHandle userHandle = UserHandle.of(primaryUser.id);
+        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(primaryUser.id);
+        setMockedUsers(primaryUser);
+
+        final InOrder order = inOrder(mNotificationManager);
+
+        // Don't show a notification for regular disconnected states.
+        vpn.updateState(DetailedState.DISCONNECTED, TAG);
+        order.verify(mNotificationManager, atLeastOnce()).cancel(anyString(), anyInt());
+
+        // Start showing a notification for disconnected once always-on.
+        vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[0], false, null);
+        order.verify(mNotificationManager).notify(anyString(), anyInt(), any());
+
+        // Stop showing the notification once connected.
+        vpn.updateState(DetailedState.CONNECTED, TAG);
+        order.verify(mNotificationManager).cancel(anyString(), anyInt());
+
+        // Show the notification if we disconnect again.
+        vpn.updateState(DetailedState.DISCONNECTED, TAG);
+        order.verify(mNotificationManager).notify(anyString(), anyInt(), any());
+
+        // Notification should be cleared after unsetting always-on package.
+        vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(null, false, null);
+        order.verify(mNotificationManager).cancel(anyString(), anyInt());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The profile name should NOT change between releases for backwards compatibility
+     *
+     * <p>If this is changed between releases, the {@link Vpn#getVpnProfilePrivileged()} method MUST
+     * be updated to ensure backward compatibility.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testGetProfileNameForPackage() throws Exception {
+        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(primaryUser.id);
+        setMockedUsers(primaryUser);
+
+        final String expected = Credentials.PLATFORM_VPN + primaryUser.id + "_" + TEST_VPN_PKG;
+        assertEquals(expected, vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG));
+    }
+
+    private Vpn createVpnAndSetupUidChecks(String... grantedOps) throws Exception {
+        return createVpnAndSetupUidChecks(primaryUser, grantedOps);
+    }
+
+    private Vpn createVpnAndSetupUidChecks(UserInfo user, String... grantedOps) throws Exception {
+        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(user.id);
+        setMockedUsers(user);
+
+        when(mPackageManager.getPackageUidAsUser(eq(TEST_VPN_PKG), anyInt()))
+                .thenReturn(Process.myUid());
+
+        for (final String opStr : grantedOps) {
+            when(mAppOps.noteOpNoThrow(opStr, Process.myUid(), TEST_VPN_PKG,
+                    null /* attributionTag */, null /* message */))
+                    .thenReturn(AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED);
+        }
+
+        return vpn;
+    }
+
+    private void checkProvisionVpnProfile(Vpn vpn, boolean expectedResult, String... checkedOps) {
+        assertEquals(expectedResult, vpn.provisionVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG, mVpnProfile));
+
+        // The profile should always be stored, whether or not consent has been previously granted.
+        verify(mVpnProfileStore)
+                .put(
+                        eq(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)),
+                        eq(mVpnProfile.encode()));
+
+        for (final String checkedOpStr : checkedOps) {
+            verify(mAppOps).noteOpNoThrow(checkedOpStr, Process.myUid(), TEST_VPN_PKG,
+                    null /* attributionTag */, null /* message */);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testProvisionVpnProfileNoIpsecTunnels() throws Exception {
+        when(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_IPSEC_TUNNELS))
+                .thenReturn(false);
+        final Vpn vpn = createVpnAndSetupUidChecks(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
+
+        try {
+            checkProvisionVpnProfile(
+                    vpn, true /* expectedResult */, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
+            fail("Expected exception due to missing feature");
+        } catch (UnsupportedOperationException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testProvisionVpnProfilePreconsented() throws Exception {
+        final Vpn vpn = createVpnAndSetupUidChecks(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
+
+        checkProvisionVpnProfile(
+                vpn, true /* expectedResult */, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testProvisionVpnProfileNotPreconsented() throws Exception {
+        final Vpn vpn = createVpnAndSetupUidChecks();
+
+        // Expect that both the ACTIVATE_VPN and ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN were tried, but the caller
+        // had neither.
+        checkProvisionVpnProfile(vpn, false /* expectedResult */,
+                AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_VPN);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testProvisionVpnProfileVpnServicePreconsented() throws Exception {
+        final Vpn vpn = createVpnAndSetupUidChecks(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_VPN);
+
+        checkProvisionVpnProfile(vpn, true /* expectedResult */, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_VPN);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testProvisionVpnProfileTooLarge() throws Exception {
+        final Vpn vpn = createVpnAndSetupUidChecks(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
+
+        final VpnProfile bigProfile = new VpnProfile("");
+        bigProfile.name = new String(new byte[Vpn.MAX_VPN_PROFILE_SIZE_BYTES + 1]);
+
+        try {
+            vpn.provisionVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG, bigProfile);
+            fail("Expected IAE due to profile size");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testProvisionVpnProfileRestrictedUser() throws Exception {
+        final Vpn vpn =
+                createVpnAndSetupUidChecks(
+                        restrictedProfileA, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
+
+        try {
+            vpn.provisionVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG, mVpnProfile);
+            fail("Expected SecurityException due to restricted user");
+        } catch (SecurityException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDeleteVpnProfile() throws Exception {
+        final Vpn vpn = createVpnAndSetupUidChecks();
+
+        vpn.deleteVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
+
+        verify(mVpnProfileStore)
+                .remove(eq(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDeleteVpnProfileRestrictedUser() throws Exception {
+        final Vpn vpn =
+                createVpnAndSetupUidChecks(
+                        restrictedProfileA, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
+
+        try {
+            vpn.deleteVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
+            fail("Expected SecurityException due to restricted user");
+        } catch (SecurityException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetVpnProfilePrivileged() throws Exception {
+        final Vpn vpn = createVpnAndSetupUidChecks();
+
+        when(mVpnProfileStore.get(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)))
+                .thenReturn(new VpnProfile("").encode());
+
+        vpn.getVpnProfilePrivileged(TEST_VPN_PKG);
+
+        verify(mVpnProfileStore).get(eq(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartVpnProfile() throws Exception {
+        final Vpn vpn = createVpnAndSetupUidChecks(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
+
+        when(mVpnProfileStore.get(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)))
+                .thenReturn(mVpnProfile.encode());
+
+        vpn.startVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
+
+        verify(mVpnProfileStore).get(eq(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)));
+        verify(mAppOps)
+                .noteOpNoThrow(
+                        eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN),
+                        eq(Process.myUid()),
+                        eq(TEST_VPN_PKG),
+                        eq(null) /* attributionTag */,
+                        eq(null) /* message */);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartVpnProfileVpnServicePreconsented() throws Exception {
+        final Vpn vpn = createVpnAndSetupUidChecks(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_VPN);
+
+        when(mVpnProfileStore.get(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)))
+                .thenReturn(mVpnProfile.encode());
+
+        vpn.startVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
+
+        // Verify that the the ACTIVATE_VPN appop was checked, but no error was thrown.
+        verify(mAppOps).noteOpNoThrow(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_VPN, Process.myUid(),
+                TEST_VPN_PKG, null /* attributionTag */, null /* message */);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartVpnProfileNotConsented() throws Exception {
+        final Vpn vpn = createVpnAndSetupUidChecks();
+
+        try {
+            vpn.startVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
+            fail("Expected failure due to no user consent");
+        } catch (SecurityException expected) {
+        }
+
+        // Verify both appops were checked.
+        verify(mAppOps)
+                .noteOpNoThrow(
+                        eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN),
+                        eq(Process.myUid()),
+                        eq(TEST_VPN_PKG),
+                        eq(null) /* attributionTag */,
+                        eq(null) /* message */);
+        verify(mAppOps).noteOpNoThrow(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_VPN, Process.myUid(),
+                TEST_VPN_PKG, null /* attributionTag */, null /* message */);
+
+        // Keystore should never have been accessed.
+        verify(mVpnProfileStore, never()).get(any());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartVpnProfileMissingProfile() throws Exception {
+        final Vpn vpn = createVpnAndSetupUidChecks(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
+
+        when(mVpnProfileStore.get(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG))).thenReturn(null);
+
+        try {
+            vpn.startVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
+            fail("Expected failure due to missing profile");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+        }
+
+        verify(mVpnProfileStore).get(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG));
+        verify(mAppOps)
+                .noteOpNoThrow(
+                        eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN),
+                        eq(Process.myUid()),
+                        eq(TEST_VPN_PKG),
+                        eq(null) /* attributionTag */,
+                        eq(null) /* message */);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartVpnProfileRestrictedUser() throws Exception {
+        final Vpn vpn =
+                createVpnAndSetupUidChecks(
+                        restrictedProfileA, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
+
+        try {
+            vpn.startVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
+            fail("Expected SecurityException due to restricted user");
+        } catch (SecurityException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStopVpnProfileRestrictedUser() throws Exception {
+        final Vpn vpn =
+                createVpnAndSetupUidChecks(
+                        restrictedProfileA, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
+
+        try {
+            vpn.stopVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
+            fail("Expected SecurityException due to restricted user");
+        } catch (SecurityException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartOpAndFinishOpWillBeCalledWhenPlatformVpnIsOnAndOff() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastT());
+        final Vpn vpn = createVpnAndSetupUidChecks(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
+        when(mVpnProfileStore.get(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)))
+                .thenReturn(mVpnProfile.encode());
+        vpn.startVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
+        verify(mAppOps).noteOpNoThrow(
+                eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN),
+                eq(Process.myUid()),
+                eq(TEST_VPN_PKG),
+                eq(null) /* attributionTag */,
+                eq(null) /* message */);
+        verify(mAppOps).startOp(
+                eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ESTABLISH_VPN_MANAGER),
+                eq(Process.myUid()),
+                eq(TEST_VPN_PKG),
+                eq(null) /* attributionTag */,
+                eq(null) /* message */);
+        // Add a small delay to make sure that startOp is only called once.
+        verify(mAppOps, after(100).times(1)).startOp(
+                eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ESTABLISH_VPN_MANAGER),
+                eq(Process.myUid()),
+                eq(TEST_VPN_PKG),
+                eq(null) /* attributionTag */,
+                eq(null) /* message */);
+        // Check that the startOp is not called with OPSTR_ESTABLISH_VPN_SERVICE.
+        verify(mAppOps, never()).startOp(
+                eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ESTABLISH_VPN_SERVICE),
+                eq(Process.myUid()),
+                eq(TEST_VPN_PKG),
+                eq(null) /* attributionTag */,
+                eq(null) /* message */);
+        vpn.stopVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
+        // Add a small delay to double confirm that startOp is only called once.
+        verify(mAppOps, after(100)).finishOp(
+                eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ESTABLISH_VPN_MANAGER),
+                eq(Process.myUid()),
+                eq(TEST_VPN_PKG),
+                eq(null) /* attributionTag */);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartOpWithSeamlessHandover() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastT());
+        final Vpn vpn = createVpnAndSetupUidChecks(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_VPN);
+        assertTrue(vpn.prepare(TEST_VPN_PKG, null, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE));
+        final VpnConfig config = new VpnConfig();
+        config.user = "VpnTest";
+        config.addresses.add(new LinkAddress("192.0.2.2/32"));
+        config.mtu = 1450;
+        final ResolveInfo resolveInfo = new ResolveInfo();
+        final ServiceInfo serviceInfo = new ServiceInfo();
+        serviceInfo.permission = BIND_VPN_SERVICE;
+        resolveInfo.serviceInfo = serviceInfo;
+        when(mPackageManager.resolveService(any(), anyInt())).thenReturn(resolveInfo);
+        when(mContext.bindServiceAsUser(any(), any(), anyInt(), any())).thenReturn(true);
+        vpn.establish(config);
+        verify(mAppOps, times(1)).startOp(
+                eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ESTABLISH_VPN_SERVICE),
+                eq(Process.myUid()),
+                eq(TEST_VPN_PKG),
+                eq(null) /* attributionTag */,
+                eq(null) /* message */);
+        // Call establish() twice with the same config, it should match seamless handover case and
+        // startOp() shouldn't be called again.
+        vpn.establish(config);
+        verify(mAppOps, times(1)).startOp(
+                eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ESTABLISH_VPN_SERVICE),
+                eq(Process.myUid()),
+                eq(TEST_VPN_PKG),
+                eq(null) /* attributionTag */,
+                eq(null) /* message */);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetPackageAuthorizationVpnService() throws Exception {
+        final Vpn vpn = createVpnAndSetupUidChecks();
+
+        assertTrue(vpn.setPackageAuthorization(TEST_VPN_PKG, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE));
+        verify(mAppOps)
+                .setMode(
+                        eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_VPN),
+                        eq(Process.myUid()),
+                        eq(TEST_VPN_PKG),
+                        eq(AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetPackageAuthorizationPlatformVpn() throws Exception {
+        final Vpn vpn = createVpnAndSetupUidChecks();
+
+        assertTrue(vpn.setPackageAuthorization(TEST_VPN_PKG, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_PLATFORM));
+        verify(mAppOps)
+                .setMode(
+                        eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN),
+                        eq(Process.myUid()),
+                        eq(TEST_VPN_PKG),
+                        eq(AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetPackageAuthorizationRevokeAuthorization() throws Exception {
+        final Vpn vpn = createVpnAndSetupUidChecks();
+
+        assertTrue(vpn.setPackageAuthorization(TEST_VPN_PKG, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_NONE));
+        verify(mAppOps)
+                .setMode(
+                        eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_VPN),
+                        eq(Process.myUid()),
+                        eq(TEST_VPN_PKG),
+                        eq(AppOpsManager.MODE_IGNORED));
+        verify(mAppOps)
+                .setMode(
+                        eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN),
+                        eq(Process.myUid()),
+                        eq(TEST_VPN_PKG),
+                        eq(AppOpsManager.MODE_IGNORED));
+    }
+
+    private NetworkCallback triggerOnAvailableAndGetCallback() throws Exception {
+        final ArgumentCaptor<NetworkCallback> networkCallbackCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NetworkCallback.class);
+        verify(mConnectivityManager, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS))
+                .requestNetwork(any(), networkCallbackCaptor.capture());
+
+        // onAvailable() will trigger onDefaultNetworkChanged(), so NetdUtils#setInterfaceUp will be
+        // invoked. Set the return value of INetd#interfaceGetCfg to prevent NullPointerException.
+        final InterfaceConfigurationParcel config = new InterfaceConfigurationParcel();
+        config.flags = new String[] {IF_STATE_DOWN};
+        when(mNetd.interfaceGetCfg(anyString())).thenReturn(config);
+        final NetworkCallback cb = networkCallbackCaptor.getValue();
+        cb.onAvailable(TEST_NETWORK);
+        return cb;
+    }
+
+    private void verifyInterfaceSetCfgWithFlags(String flag) throws Exception {
+        // Add a timeout for waiting for interfaceSetCfg to be called.
+        verify(mNetd, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)).interfaceSetCfg(argThat(
+                config -> Arrays.asList(config.flags).contains(flag)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartPlatformVpnAuthenticationFailed() throws Exception {
+        final ArgumentCaptor<IkeSessionCallback> captor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(IkeSessionCallback.class);
+        final IkeProtocolException exception = mock(IkeProtocolException.class);
+        when(exception.getErrorType())
+                .thenReturn(IkeProtocolException.ERROR_TYPE_AUTHENTICATION_FAILED);
+
+        final Vpn vpn = startLegacyVpn(createVpn(primaryUser.id), (mVpnProfile));
+        final NetworkCallback cb = triggerOnAvailableAndGetCallback();
+
+        verifyInterfaceSetCfgWithFlags(IF_STATE_UP);
+
+        // Wait for createIkeSession() to be called before proceeding in order to ensure consistent
+        // state
+        verify(mIkev2SessionCreator, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS))
+                .createIkeSession(any(), any(), any(), any(), captor.capture(), any());
+        final IkeSessionCallback ikeCb = captor.getValue();
+        ikeCb.onClosedExceptionally(exception);
+
+        verify(mConnectivityManager, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)).unregisterNetworkCallback(eq(cb));
+        assertEquals(LegacyVpnInfo.STATE_FAILED, vpn.getLegacyVpnInfo().state);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartPlatformVpnIllegalArgumentExceptionInSetup() throws Exception {
+        when(mIkev2SessionCreator.createIkeSession(any(), any(), any(), any(), any(), any()))
+                .thenThrow(new IllegalArgumentException());
+        final Vpn vpn = startLegacyVpn(createVpn(primaryUser.id), mVpnProfile);
+        final NetworkCallback cb = triggerOnAvailableAndGetCallback();
+
+        verifyInterfaceSetCfgWithFlags(IF_STATE_UP);
+
+        // Wait for createIkeSession() to be called before proceeding in order to ensure consistent
+        // state
+        verify(mConnectivityManager, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)).unregisterNetworkCallback(eq(cb));
+        assertEquals(LegacyVpnInfo.STATE_FAILED, vpn.getLegacyVpnInfo().state);
+    }
+
+    private void setAndVerifyAlwaysOnPackage(Vpn vpn, int uid, boolean lockdownEnabled) {
+        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG, lockdownEnabled, null));
+
+        verify(mVpnProfileStore).get(eq(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)));
+        verify(mAppOps).setMode(
+                eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN), eq(uid), eq(TEST_VPN_PKG),
+                eq(AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED));
+
+        verify(mSystemServices).settingsSecurePutStringForUser(
+                eq(Settings.Secure.ALWAYS_ON_VPN_APP), eq(TEST_VPN_PKG), eq(primaryUser.id));
+        verify(mSystemServices).settingsSecurePutIntForUser(
+                eq(Settings.Secure.ALWAYS_ON_VPN_LOCKDOWN), eq(lockdownEnabled ? 1 : 0),
+                eq(primaryUser.id));
+        verify(mSystemServices).settingsSecurePutStringForUser(
+                eq(Settings.Secure.ALWAYS_ON_VPN_LOCKDOWN_WHITELIST), eq(""), eq(primaryUser.id));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetAndStartAlwaysOnVpn() throws Exception {
+        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(primaryUser.id);
+        setMockedUsers(primaryUser);
+
+        // UID checks must return a different UID; otherwise it'll be treated as already prepared.
+        final int uid = Process.myUid() + 1;
+        when(mPackageManager.getPackageUidAsUser(eq(TEST_VPN_PKG), anyInt()))
+                .thenReturn(uid);
+        when(mVpnProfileStore.get(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)))
+                .thenReturn(mVpnProfile.encode());
+
+        setAndVerifyAlwaysOnPackage(vpn, uid, false);
+        assertTrue(vpn.startAlwaysOnVpn());
+
+        // TODO: Test the Ikev2VpnRunner started up properly. Relies on utility methods added in
+        // a subsequent CL.
+    }
+
+    private Vpn startLegacyVpn(final Vpn vpn, final VpnProfile vpnProfile) throws Exception {
+        setMockedUsers(primaryUser);
+
+        // Dummy egress interface
+        final LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.setInterfaceName(EGRESS_IFACE);
+
+        final RouteInfo defaultRoute = new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet4Address.ANY, 0),
+                        InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.0"), EGRESS_IFACE);
+        lp.addRoute(defaultRoute);
+
+        vpn.startLegacyVpn(vpnProfile, EGRESS_NETWORK, lp);
+        return vpn;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartPlatformVpn() throws Exception {
+        startLegacyVpn(createVpn(primaryUser.id), mVpnProfile);
+        // TODO: Test the Ikev2VpnRunner started up properly. Relies on utility methods added in
+        // a subsequent patch.
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartRacoonNumericAddress() throws Exception {
+        startRacoon("1.2.3.4", "1.2.3.4");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartRacoonHostname() throws Exception {
+        startRacoon("hostname", "5.6.7.8"); // address returned by deps.resolve
+    }
+
+    private void assertTransportInfoMatches(NetworkCapabilities nc, int type) {
+        assertNotNull(nc);
+        VpnTransportInfo ti = (VpnTransportInfo) nc.getTransportInfo();
+        assertNotNull(ti);
+        assertEquals(type, ti.getType());
+    }
+
+    public void startRacoon(final String serverAddr, final String expectedAddr)
+            throws Exception {
+        final ConditionVariable legacyRunnerReady = new ConditionVariable();
+        final VpnProfile profile = new VpnProfile("testProfile" /* key */);
+        profile.type = VpnProfile.TYPE_L2TP_IPSEC_PSK;
+        profile.name = "testProfileName";
+        profile.username = "userName";
+        profile.password = "thePassword";
+        profile.server = serverAddr;
+        profile.ipsecIdentifier = "id";
+        profile.ipsecSecret = "secret";
+        profile.l2tpSecret = "l2tpsecret";
+
+        when(mConnectivityManager.getAllNetworks())
+            .thenReturn(new Network[] { new Network(101) });
+
+        when(mConnectivityManager.registerNetworkAgent(any(), any(), any(), any(),
+                any(), any(), anyInt())).thenAnswer(invocation -> {
+                    // The runner has registered an agent and is now ready.
+                    legacyRunnerReady.open();
+                    return new Network(102);
+                });
+        final Vpn vpn = startLegacyVpn(createVpn(primaryUser.id), profile);
+        final TestDeps deps = (TestDeps) vpn.mDeps;
+        try {
+            // udppsk and 1701 are the values for TYPE_L2TP_IPSEC_PSK
+            assertArrayEquals(
+                    new String[] { EGRESS_IFACE, expectedAddr, "udppsk",
+                            profile.ipsecIdentifier, profile.ipsecSecret, "1701" },
+                    deps.racoonArgs.get(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+            // literal values are hardcoded in Vpn.java for mtpd args
+            assertArrayEquals(
+                    new String[] { EGRESS_IFACE, "l2tp", expectedAddr, "1701", profile.l2tpSecret,
+                            "name", profile.username, "password", profile.password,
+                            "linkname", "vpn", "refuse-eap", "nodefaultroute", "usepeerdns",
+                            "idle", "1800", "mtu", "1270", "mru", "1270" },
+                    deps.mtpdArgs.get(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+
+            // Now wait for the runner to be ready before testing for the route.
+            ArgumentCaptor<LinkProperties> lpCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(LinkProperties.class);
+            ArgumentCaptor<NetworkCapabilities> ncCaptor =
+                    ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NetworkCapabilities.class);
+            verify(mConnectivityManager, timeout(10_000)).registerNetworkAgent(any(), any(),
+                    lpCaptor.capture(), ncCaptor.capture(), any(), any(), anyInt());
+
+            // In this test the expected address is always v4 so /32.
+            // Note that the interface needs to be specified because RouteInfo objects stored in
+            // LinkProperties objects always acquire the LinkProperties' interface.
+            final RouteInfo expectedRoute = new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(expectedAddr + "/32"),
+                    null, EGRESS_IFACE, RouteInfo.RTN_THROW);
+            final List<RouteInfo> actualRoutes = lpCaptor.getValue().getRoutes();
+            assertTrue("Expected throw route (" + expectedRoute + ") not found in " + actualRoutes,
+                    actualRoutes.contains(expectedRoute));
+
+            assertTransportInfoMatches(ncCaptor.getValue(), VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_LEGACY);
+        } finally {
+            // Now interrupt the thread, unblock the runner and clean up.
+            vpn.mVpnRunner.exitVpnRunner();
+            deps.getStateFile().delete(); // set to delete on exit, but this deletes it earlier
+            vpn.mVpnRunner.join(10_000); // wait for up to 10s for the runner to die and cleanup
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static final class TestDeps extends Vpn.Dependencies {
+        public final CompletableFuture<String[]> racoonArgs = new CompletableFuture();
+        public final CompletableFuture<String[]> mtpdArgs = new CompletableFuture();
+        public final File mStateFile;
+
+        private final HashMap<String, Boolean> mRunningServices = new HashMap<>();
+
+        TestDeps() {
+            try {
+                mStateFile = File.createTempFile("vpnTest", ".tmp");
+                mStateFile.deleteOnExit();
+            } catch (final IOException e) {
+                throw new RuntimeException(e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean isCallerSystem() {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void startService(final String serviceName) {
+            mRunningServices.put(serviceName, true);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void stopService(final String serviceName) {
+            mRunningServices.put(serviceName, false);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean isServiceRunning(final String serviceName) {
+            return mRunningServices.getOrDefault(serviceName, false);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean isServiceStopped(final String serviceName) {
+            return !isServiceRunning(serviceName);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public File getStateFile() {
+            return mStateFile;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public PendingIntent getIntentForStatusPanel(Context context) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void sendArgumentsToDaemon(
+                final String daemon, final LocalSocket socket, final String[] arguments,
+                final Vpn.RetryScheduler interruptChecker) throws IOException {
+            if ("racoon".equals(daemon)) {
+                racoonArgs.complete(arguments);
+            } else if ("mtpd".equals(daemon)) {
+                writeStateFile(arguments);
+                mtpdArgs.complete(arguments);
+            } else {
+                throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Unsupported daemon : " + daemon);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void writeStateFile(final String[] arguments) throws IOException {
+            mStateFile.delete();
+            mStateFile.createNewFile();
+            mStateFile.deleteOnExit();
+            final BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(
+                    new FileWriter(mStateFile, false /* append */));
+            writer.write(EGRESS_IFACE);
+            writer.write("\n");
+            // addresses
+            writer.write("10.0.0.1/24\n");
+            // routes
+            writer.write("192.168.6.0/24\n");
+            // dns servers
+            writer.write("192.168.6.1\n");
+            // search domains
+            writer.write("vpn.searchdomains.com\n");
+            // endpoint - intentionally empty
+            writer.write("\n");
+            writer.flush();
+            writer.close();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        @NonNull
+        public InetAddress resolve(final String endpoint) {
+            try {
+                // If a numeric IP address, return it.
+                return InetAddress.parseNumericAddress(endpoint);
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+                // Otherwise, return some token IP to test for.
+                return InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("5.6.7.8");
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean isInterfacePresent(final Vpn vpn, final String iface) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public ParcelFileDescriptor adoptFd(Vpn vpn, int mtu) {
+            return new ParcelFileDescriptor(new FileDescriptor());
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int jniCreate(Vpn vpn, int mtu) {
+            // Pick a random positive number as fd to return.
+            return 345;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String jniGetName(Vpn vpn, int fd) {
+            return TEST_IFACE_NAME;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int jniSetAddresses(Vpn vpn, String interfaze, String addresses) {
+            if (addresses == null) return 0;
+            // Return the number of addresses.
+            return addresses.split(" ").length;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void setBlocking(FileDescriptor fd, boolean blocking) {}
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Mock some methods of vpn object.
+     */
+    private Vpn createVpn(@UserIdInt int userId) {
+        final Context asUserContext = mock(Context.class, AdditionalAnswers.delegatesTo(mContext));
+        doReturn(UserHandle.of(userId)).when(asUserContext).getUser();
+        when(mContext.createContextAsUser(eq(UserHandle.of(userId)), anyInt()))
+                .thenReturn(asUserContext);
+        final TestLooper testLooper = new TestLooper();
+        final Vpn vpn = new Vpn(testLooper.getLooper(), mContext, new TestDeps(), mNetService,
+                mNetd, userId, mVpnProfileStore, mSystemServices, mIkev2SessionCreator);
+        verify(mConnectivityManager, times(1)).registerNetworkProvider(argThat(
+                provider -> provider.getName().contains("VpnNetworkProvider")
+        ));
+        return vpn;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Populate {@link #mUserManager} with a list of fake users.
+     */
+    private void setMockedUsers(UserInfo... users) {
+        final Map<Integer, UserInfo> userMap = new ArrayMap<>();
+        for (UserInfo user : users) {
+            userMap.put(user.id, user);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @see UserManagerService#getUsers(boolean)
+         */
+        doAnswer(invocation -> {
+            final ArrayList<UserInfo> result = new ArrayList<>(users.length);
+            for (UserInfo ui : users) {
+                if (ui.isEnabled() && !ui.partial) {
+                    result.add(ui);
+                }
+            }
+            return result;
+        }).when(mUserManager).getAliveUsers();
+
+        doAnswer(invocation -> {
+            final int id = (int) invocation.getArguments()[0];
+            return userMap.get(id);
+        }).when(mUserManager).getUserInfo(anyInt());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Populate {@link #mPackageManager} with a fake packageName-to-UID mapping.
+     */
+    private void setMockedPackages(final Map<String, Integer> packages) {
+        try {
+            doAnswer(invocation -> {
+                final String appName = (String) invocation.getArguments()[0];
+                final int userId = (int) invocation.getArguments()[1];
+                Integer appId = packages.get(appName);
+                if (appId == null) throw new PackageManager.NameNotFoundException(appName);
+                return UserHandle.getUid(userId, appId);
+            }).when(mPackageManager).getPackageUidAsUser(anyString(), anyInt());
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void setMockedNetworks(final Map<Network, NetworkCapabilities> networks) {
+        doAnswer(invocation -> {
+            final Network network = (Network) invocation.getArguments()[0];
+            return networks.get(network);
+        }).when(mConnectivityManager).getNetworkCapabilities(any());
+    }
+
+    // Need multiple copies of this, but Java's Stream objects can't be reused or
+    // duplicated.
+    private Stream<String> publicIpV4Routes() {
+        return Stream.of(
+                "0.0.0.0/5", "8.0.0.0/7", "11.0.0.0/8", "12.0.0.0/6", "16.0.0.0/4",
+                "32.0.0.0/3", "64.0.0.0/2", "128.0.0.0/3", "160.0.0.0/5", "168.0.0.0/6",
+                "172.0.0.0/12", "172.32.0.0/11", "172.64.0.0/10", "172.128.0.0/9",
+                "173.0.0.0/8", "174.0.0.0/7", "176.0.0.0/4", "192.0.0.0/9", "192.128.0.0/11",
+                "192.160.0.0/13", "192.169.0.0/16", "192.170.0.0/15", "192.172.0.0/14",
+                "192.176.0.0/12", "192.192.0.0/10", "193.0.0.0/8", "194.0.0.0/7",
+                "196.0.0.0/6", "200.0.0.0/5", "208.0.0.0/4");
+    }
+
+    private Stream<String> publicIpV6Routes() {
+        return Stream.of(
+                "::/1", "8000::/2", "c000::/3", "e000::/4", "f000::/5", "f800::/6",
+                "fe00::/8", "2605:ef80:e:af1d::/64");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapUpdaterTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapUpdaterTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..987b7b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapUpdaterTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.net;
+
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verifyNoMoreInteractions;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.INetd;
+import android.net.MacAddress;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.test.TestLooper;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener;
+import com.android.net.module.util.IBpfMap;
+import com.android.net.module.util.InterfaceParams;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.U32;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public final class BpfInterfaceMapUpdaterTest {
+    private static final int TEST_INDEX = 1;
+    private static final int TEST_INDEX2 = 2;
+    private static final String TEST_INTERFACE_NAME = "test1";
+    private static final String TEST_INTERFACE_NAME2 = "test2";
+
+    private final TestLooper mLooper = new TestLooper();
+    private BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener mListener;
+    private BpfInterfaceMapUpdater mUpdater;
+    @Mock private IBpfMap<U32, InterfaceMapValue> mBpfMap;
+    @Mock private INetd mNetd;
+    @Mock private Context mContext;
+
+    private class TestDependencies extends BpfInterfaceMapUpdater.Dependencies {
+        @Override
+        public IBpfMap<U32, InterfaceMapValue> getInterfaceMap() {
+            return mBpfMap;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public InterfaceParams getInterfaceParams(String ifaceName) {
+            if (ifaceName.equals(TEST_INTERFACE_NAME)) {
+                return new InterfaceParams(TEST_INTERFACE_NAME, TEST_INDEX,
+                        MacAddress.ALL_ZEROS_ADDRESS);
+            } else if (ifaceName.equals(TEST_INTERFACE_NAME2)) {
+                return new InterfaceParams(TEST_INTERFACE_NAME2, TEST_INDEX2,
+                        MacAddress.ALL_ZEROS_ADDRESS);
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public INetd getINetd(Context ctx) {
+            return mNetd;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+        when(mNetd.interfaceGetList()).thenReturn(new String[] {TEST_INTERFACE_NAME});
+        mUpdater = new BpfInterfaceMapUpdater(mContext, new Handler(mLooper.getLooper()),
+                new TestDependencies());
+    }
+
+    private void verifyStartUpdater() throws Exception {
+        mUpdater.start();
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        final ArgumentCaptor<BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener> listenerCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener.class);
+        verify(mNetd).registerUnsolicitedEventListener(listenerCaptor.capture());
+        mListener = listenerCaptor.getValue();
+        verify(mBpfMap).updateEntry(eq(new U32(TEST_INDEX)),
+                eq(new InterfaceMapValue(TEST_INTERFACE_NAME)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateInterfaceMap() throws Exception {
+        verifyStartUpdater();
+
+        mListener.onInterfaceAdded(TEST_INTERFACE_NAME2);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verify(mBpfMap).updateEntry(eq(new U32(TEST_INDEX2)),
+                eq(new InterfaceMapValue(TEST_INTERFACE_NAME2)));
+
+        // Check that when onInterfaceRemoved is called, nothing happens.
+        mListener.onInterfaceRemoved(TEST_INTERFACE_NAME);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mBpfMap);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsBaseTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsBaseTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a058a46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsBaseTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.net;
+
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_NO;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_YES;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.ROAMING_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.ROAMING_NO;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.ROAMING_YES;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.SET_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.SET_DEFAULT;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.SET_FOREGROUND;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import android.net.NetworkStats;
+import android.net.UnderlyingNetworkInfo;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+/** Superclass with utilities for NetworkStats(Service|Factory)Test */
+abstract class NetworkStatsBaseTest {
+    static final String TEST_IFACE = "test0";
+    static final String TEST_IFACE2 = "test1";
+    static final String TUN_IFACE = "test_nss_tun0";
+    static final String TUN_IFACE2 = "test_nss_tun1";
+
+    static final int UID_RED = 1001;
+    static final int UID_BLUE = 1002;
+    static final int UID_GREEN = 1003;
+    static final int UID_VPN = 1004;
+
+    void assertValues(NetworkStats stats, String iface, int uid, long rxBytes,
+            long rxPackets, long txBytes, long txPackets) {
+        assertValues(
+                stats, iface, uid, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL,
+                rxBytes, rxPackets, txBytes, txPackets, 0);
+    }
+
+    void assertValues(NetworkStats stats, String iface, int uid, int set, int tag,
+            int metered, int roaming, int defaultNetwork, long rxBytes, long rxPackets,
+            long txBytes, long txPackets, long operations) {
+        final NetworkStats.Entry entry = new NetworkStats.Entry();
+        final int[] sets;
+        if (set == SET_ALL) {
+            sets = new int[] {SET_ALL, SET_DEFAULT, SET_FOREGROUND};
+        } else {
+            sets = new int[] {set};
+        }
+
+        final int[] roamings;
+        if (roaming == ROAMING_ALL) {
+            roamings = new int[] {ROAMING_ALL, ROAMING_YES, ROAMING_NO};
+        } else {
+            roamings = new int[] {roaming};
+        }
+
+        final int[] meterings;
+        if (metered == METERED_ALL) {
+            meterings = new int[] {METERED_ALL, METERED_YES, METERED_NO};
+        } else {
+            meterings = new int[] {metered};
+        }
+
+        final int[] defaultNetworks;
+        if (defaultNetwork == DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL) {
+            defaultNetworks =
+                    new int[] {DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO};
+        } else {
+            defaultNetworks = new int[] {defaultNetwork};
+        }
+
+        for (int s : sets) {
+            for (int r : roamings) {
+                for (int m : meterings) {
+                    for (int d : defaultNetworks) {
+                        final int i = stats.findIndex(iface, uid, s, tag, m, r, d);
+                        if (i != -1) {
+                            entry.add(stats.getValues(i, null));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        assertEquals("unexpected rxBytes", rxBytes, entry.rxBytes);
+        assertEquals("unexpected rxPackets", rxPackets, entry.rxPackets);
+        assertEquals("unexpected txBytes", txBytes, entry.txBytes);
+        assertEquals("unexpected txPackets", txPackets, entry.txPackets);
+        assertEquals("unexpected operations", operations, entry.operations);
+    }
+
+    static UnderlyingNetworkInfo createVpnInfo(String[] underlyingIfaces) {
+        return createVpnInfo(TUN_IFACE, underlyingIfaces);
+    }
+
+    static UnderlyingNetworkInfo createVpnInfo(String vpnIface, String[] underlyingIfaces) {
+        return new UnderlyingNetworkInfo(UID_VPN, vpnIface, Arrays.asList(underlyingIfaces));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsFactoryTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsFactoryTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79744b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsFactoryTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,580 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.net;
+
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_NO;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.ROAMING_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.ROAMING_NO;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.SET_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.SET_DEFAULT;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.SET_FOREGROUND;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.UID_ALL;
+
+import static com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsFactory.kernelToTag;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.res.Resources;
+import android.net.NetworkStats;
+import android.net.TrafficStats;
+import android.net.UnderlyingNetworkInfo;
+import android.os.Build;
+
+import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.frameworks.tests.net.R;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import libcore.io.IoUtils;
+import libcore.io.Streams;
+import libcore.testing.io.TestIoUtils;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.FileWriter;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+
+/** Tests for {@link NetworkStatsFactory}. */
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class NetworkStatsFactoryTest extends NetworkStatsBaseTest {
+    private static final String CLAT_PREFIX = "v4-";
+
+    private File mTestProc;
+    private NetworkStatsFactory mFactory;
+    @Mock private Context mContext;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+        mTestProc = TestIoUtils.createTemporaryDirectory("proc");
+
+        // The libandroid_servers which have the native method is not available to
+        // applications. So in order to have a test support native library, the native code
+        // related to networkStatsFactory is compiled to a minimal native library and loaded here.
+        System.loadLibrary("networkstatsfactorytestjni");
+        mFactory = new NetworkStatsFactory(mContext, mTestProc, false);
+        mFactory.updateUnderlyingNetworkInfos(new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[0]);
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        mFactory = null;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkStatsDetail() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkStats stats = parseDetailedStats(R.raw.xt_qtaguid_typical);
+
+        assertEquals(70, stats.size());
+        assertStatsEntry(stats, "wlan0", 0, SET_DEFAULT, 0x0, 18621L, 2898L);
+        assertStatsEntry(stats, "wlan0", 10011, SET_DEFAULT, 0x0, 35777L, 5718L);
+        assertStatsEntry(stats, "wlan0", 10021, SET_DEFAULT, 0x7fffff01, 562386L, 49228L);
+        assertStatsEntry(stats, "rmnet1", 10021, SET_DEFAULT, 0x30100000, 219110L, 227423L);
+        assertStatsEntry(stats, "rmnet2", 10001, SET_DEFAULT, 0x0, 1125899906842624L, 984L);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testVpnRewriteTrafficThroughItself() throws Exception {
+        UnderlyingNetworkInfo[] underlyingNetworkInfos =
+                new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[] {createVpnInfo(new String[] {TEST_IFACE})};
+        mFactory.updateUnderlyingNetworkInfos(underlyingNetworkInfos);
+
+        // create some traffic (assume 10 bytes of MTU for VPN interface and 1 byte encryption
+        // overhead per packet):
+        //
+        // 1000 bytes (100 packets) were sent, and 2000 bytes (200 packets) were received by UID_RED
+        // over VPN.
+        // 500 bytes (50 packets) were sent, and 1000 bytes (100 packets) were received by UID_BLUE
+        // over VPN.
+        //
+        // VPN UID rewrites packets read from TUN back to TUN, plus some of its own traffic
+
+        final NetworkStats tunStats = parseDetailedStats(R.raw.xt_qtaguid_vpn_rewrite_through_self);
+
+        assertValues(tunStats, TUN_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 2000L, 200L, 1000L, 100L, 0);
+        assertValues(tunStats, TUN_IFACE, UID_BLUE, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 1000L, 100L, 500L, 50L, 0);
+        assertValues(tunStats, TUN_IFACE, UID_VPN, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 0L, 0L, 1600L, 160L, 0);
+
+        assertValues(tunStats, TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, 2000L, 200L, 1000L, 100L);
+        assertValues(tunStats, TEST_IFACE, UID_BLUE, 1000L, 100L, 500L, 50L);
+        assertValues(tunStats, TEST_IFACE, UID_VPN, 300L, 0L, 260L, 26L);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testVpnWithClat() throws Exception {
+        final UnderlyingNetworkInfo[] underlyingNetworkInfos = new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[] {
+                createVpnInfo(new String[] {CLAT_PREFIX + TEST_IFACE})};
+        mFactory.updateUnderlyingNetworkInfos(underlyingNetworkInfos);
+        mFactory.noteStackedIface(CLAT_PREFIX + TEST_IFACE, TEST_IFACE);
+
+        // create some traffic (assume 10 bytes of MTU for VPN interface and 1 byte encryption
+        // overhead per packet):
+        // 1000 bytes (100 packets) were sent, and 2000 bytes (200 packets) were received by UID_RED
+        // over VPN.
+        // 500 bytes (50 packets) were sent, and 1000 bytes (100 packets) were received by UID_BLUE
+        // over VPN.
+        // VPN sent 1650 bytes (150 packets), and received 3300 (300 packets) over v4-WiFi, and clat
+        // added 20 bytes per packet of extra overhead
+        //
+        // For 1650 bytes sent over v4-WiFi, 4650 bytes were actually sent over WiFi, which is
+        // expected to be split as follows:
+        // UID_RED: 1000 bytes, 100 packets
+        // UID_BLUE: 500 bytes, 50 packets
+        // UID_VPN: 3150 bytes, 0 packets
+        //
+        // For 3300 bytes received over v4-WiFi, 9300 bytes were actually sent over WiFi, which is
+        // expected to be split as follows:
+        // UID_RED: 2000 bytes, 200 packets
+        // UID_BLUE: 1000 bytes, 100 packets
+        // UID_VPN: 6300 bytes, 0 packets
+        final NetworkStats tunStats = parseDetailedStats(R.raw.xt_qtaguid_vpn_with_clat);
+
+        assertValues(tunStats, CLAT_PREFIX + TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, 2000L, 200L, 1000, 100L);
+        assertValues(tunStats, CLAT_PREFIX + TEST_IFACE, UID_BLUE, 1000L, 100L, 500L, 50L);
+        assertValues(tunStats, CLAT_PREFIX + TEST_IFACE, UID_VPN, 6300L, 0L, 3150L, 0L);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testVpnWithOneUnderlyingIface() throws Exception {
+        final UnderlyingNetworkInfo[] underlyingNetworkInfos =
+                new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[] {createVpnInfo(new String[] {TEST_IFACE})};
+        mFactory.updateUnderlyingNetworkInfos(underlyingNetworkInfos);
+
+        // create some traffic (assume 10 bytes of MTU for VPN interface and 1 byte encryption
+        // overhead per packet):
+        // 1000 bytes (100 packets) were sent, and 2000 bytes (200 packets) were received by UID_RED
+        // over VPN.
+        // 500 bytes (50 packets) were sent, and 1000 bytes (100 packets) were received by UID_BLUE
+        // over VPN.
+        // VPN sent 1650 bytes (150 packets), and received 3300 (300 packets) over WiFi.
+        // Of 1650 bytes sent over WiFi, expect 1000 bytes attributed to UID_RED, 500 bytes
+        // attributed to UID_BLUE, and 150 bytes attributed to UID_VPN.
+        // Of 3300 bytes received over WiFi, expect 2000 bytes attributed to UID_RED, 1000 bytes
+        // attributed to UID_BLUE, and 300 bytes attributed to UID_VPN.
+        final NetworkStats tunStats = parseDetailedStats(R.raw.xt_qtaguid_vpn_one_underlying);
+
+        assertValues(tunStats, TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, 2000L, 200L, 1000L, 100L);
+        assertValues(tunStats, TEST_IFACE, UID_BLUE, 1000L, 100L, 500L, 50L);
+        assertValues(tunStats, TEST_IFACE, UID_VPN, 300L, 0L, 150L, 0L);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testVpnWithOneUnderlyingIfaceAndOwnTraffic() throws Exception {
+        // WiFi network is connected and VPN is using WiFi (which has TEST_IFACE).
+        final UnderlyingNetworkInfo[] underlyingNetworkInfos =
+                new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[] {createVpnInfo(new String[] {TEST_IFACE})};
+        mFactory.updateUnderlyingNetworkInfos(underlyingNetworkInfos);
+
+        // create some traffic (assume 10 bytes of MTU for VPN interface and 1 byte encryption
+        // overhead per packet):
+        // 1000 bytes (100 packets) were sent, and 2000 bytes (200 packets) were received by UID_RED
+        // over VPN.
+        // 500 bytes (50 packets) were sent, and 1000 bytes (100 packets) were received by UID_BLUE
+        // over VPN.
+        // Additionally, the VPN sends 6000 bytes (600 packets) of its own traffic into the tun
+        // interface (passing that traffic to the VPN endpoint), and receives 5000 bytes (500
+        // packets) from it. Including overhead that is 6600/5500 bytes.
+        // VPN sent 8250 bytes (750 packets), and received 8800 (800 packets) over WiFi.
+        // Of 8250 bytes sent over WiFi, expect 1000 bytes attributed to UID_RED, 500 bytes
+        // attributed to UID_BLUE, and 6750 bytes attributed to UID_VPN.
+        // Of 8800 bytes received over WiFi, expect 2000 bytes attributed to UID_RED, 1000 bytes
+        // attributed to UID_BLUE, and 5800 bytes attributed to UID_VPN.
+        final NetworkStats tunStats =
+                parseDetailedStats(R.raw.xt_qtaguid_vpn_one_underlying_own_traffic);
+
+        assertValues(tunStats, TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, 2000L, 200L, 1000L, 100L);
+        assertValues(tunStats, TEST_IFACE, UID_BLUE, 1000L, 100L, 500L, 50L);
+        assertValues(tunStats, TEST_IFACE, UID_VPN, 5800L, 500L, 6750L, 600L);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testVpnWithOneUnderlyingIface_withCompression() throws Exception {
+        // WiFi network is connected and VPN is using WiFi (which has TEST_IFACE).
+        final UnderlyingNetworkInfo[] underlyingNetworkInfos =
+                new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[] {createVpnInfo(new String[] {TEST_IFACE})};
+        mFactory.updateUnderlyingNetworkInfos(underlyingNetworkInfos);
+
+        // create some traffic (assume 10 bytes of MTU for VPN interface and 1 byte encryption
+        // overhead per packet):
+        // 1000 bytes (100 packets) were sent/received by UID_RED over VPN.
+        // 3000 bytes (300 packets) were sent/received by UID_BLUE over VPN.
+        // VPN sent/received 1000 bytes (100 packets) over WiFi.
+        // Of 1000 bytes over WiFi, expect 250 bytes attributed UID_RED and 750 bytes to UID_BLUE,
+        // with nothing attributed to UID_VPN for both rx/tx traffic.
+        final NetworkStats tunStats =
+                parseDetailedStats(R.raw.xt_qtaguid_vpn_one_underlying_compression);
+
+        assertValues(tunStats, TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, 250L, 25L, 250L, 25L);
+        assertValues(tunStats, TEST_IFACE, UID_BLUE, 750L, 75L, 750L, 75L);
+        assertValues(tunStats, TEST_IFACE, UID_VPN, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testVpnWithTwoUnderlyingIfaces_packetDuplication() throws Exception {
+        // WiFi and Cell networks are connected and VPN is using WiFi (which has TEST_IFACE) and
+        // Cell (which has TEST_IFACE2) and has declared both of them in its underlying network set.
+        // Additionally, VPN is duplicating traffic across both WiFi and Cell.
+        final UnderlyingNetworkInfo[] underlyingNetworkInfos =
+                new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[] {createVpnInfo(new String[] {TEST_IFACE, TEST_IFACE2})};
+        mFactory.updateUnderlyingNetworkInfos(underlyingNetworkInfos);
+
+        // create some traffic (assume 10 bytes of MTU for VPN interface and 1 byte encryption
+        // overhead per packet):
+        // 1000 bytes (100 packets) were sent/received by UID_RED and UID_BLUE over VPN.
+        // VPN sent/received 4400 bytes (400 packets) over both WiFi and Cell (8800 bytes in total).
+        // Of 8800 bytes over WiFi/Cell, expect:
+        // - 500 bytes rx/tx each over WiFi/Cell attributed to both UID_RED and UID_BLUE.
+        // - 1200 bytes rx/tx each over WiFi/Cell for VPN_UID.
+        final NetworkStats tunStats =
+                parseDetailedStats(R.raw.xt_qtaguid_vpn_two_underlying_duplication);
+
+        assertValues(tunStats, TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, 500L, 50L, 500L, 50L);
+        assertValues(tunStats, TEST_IFACE, UID_BLUE, 500L, 50L, 500L, 50L);
+        assertValues(tunStats, TEST_IFACE, UID_VPN, 1200L, 100L, 1200L, 100L);
+        assertValues(tunStats, TEST_IFACE2, UID_RED, 500L, 50L, 500L, 50L);
+        assertValues(tunStats, TEST_IFACE2, UID_BLUE, 500L, 50L, 500L, 50L);
+        assertValues(tunStats, TEST_IFACE2, UID_VPN, 1200L, 100L, 1200L, 100L);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConcurrentVpns() throws Exception {
+        // Assume two VPNs are connected on two different network interfaces. VPN1 is using
+        // TEST_IFACE and VPN2 is using TEST_IFACE2.
+        final UnderlyingNetworkInfo[] underlyingNetworkInfos = new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[] {
+                createVpnInfo(TUN_IFACE, new String[] {TEST_IFACE}),
+                createVpnInfo(TUN_IFACE2, new String[] {TEST_IFACE2})};
+        mFactory.updateUnderlyingNetworkInfos(underlyingNetworkInfos);
+
+        // create some traffic (assume 10 bytes of MTU for VPN interface and 1 byte encryption
+        // overhead per packet):
+        // 1000 bytes (100 packets) were sent, and 2000 bytes (200 packets) were received by UID_RED
+        // over VPN1.
+        // 700 bytes (70 packets) were sent, and 3000 bytes (300 packets) were received by UID_RED
+        // over VPN2.
+        // 500 bytes (50 packets) were sent, and 1000 bytes (100 packets) were received by UID_BLUE
+        // over VPN1.
+        // 250 bytes (25 packets) were sent, and 500 bytes (50 packets) were received by UID_BLUE
+        // over VPN2.
+        // VPN1 sent 1650 bytes (150 packets), and received 3300 (300 packets) over TEST_IFACE.
+        // Of 1650 bytes sent over WiFi, expect 1000 bytes attributed to UID_RED, 500 bytes
+        // attributed to UID_BLUE, and 150 bytes attributed to UID_VPN.
+        // Of 3300 bytes received over WiFi, expect 2000 bytes attributed to UID_RED, 1000 bytes
+        // attributed to UID_BLUE, and 300 bytes attributed to UID_VPN.
+        // VPN2 sent 1045 bytes (95 packets), and received 3850 (350 packets) over TEST_IFACE2.
+        // Of 1045 bytes sent over Cell, expect 700 bytes attributed to UID_RED, 250 bytes
+        // attributed to UID_BLUE, and 95 bytes attributed to UID_VPN.
+        // Of 3850 bytes received over Cell, expect 3000 bytes attributed to UID_RED, 500 bytes
+        // attributed to UID_BLUE, and 350 bytes attributed to UID_VPN.
+        final NetworkStats tunStats =
+                parseDetailedStats(R.raw.xt_qtaguid_vpn_one_underlying_two_vpn);
+
+        assertValues(tunStats, TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, 2000L, 200L, 1000L, 100L);
+        assertValues(tunStats, TEST_IFACE, UID_BLUE, 1000L, 100L, 500L, 50L);
+        assertValues(tunStats, TEST_IFACE2, UID_RED, 3000L, 300L, 700L, 70L);
+        assertValues(tunStats, TEST_IFACE2, UID_BLUE, 500L, 50L, 250L, 25L);
+        assertValues(tunStats, TEST_IFACE, UID_VPN, 300L, 0L, 150L, 0L);
+        assertValues(tunStats, TEST_IFACE2, UID_VPN, 350L, 0L, 95L, 0L);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testVpnWithTwoUnderlyingIfaces_splitTraffic() throws Exception {
+        // WiFi and Cell networks are connected and VPN is using WiFi (which has TEST_IFACE) and
+        // Cell (which has TEST_IFACE2) and has declared both of them in its underlying network set.
+        // Additionally, VPN is arbitrarily splitting traffic across WiFi and Cell.
+        final UnderlyingNetworkInfo[] underlyingNetworkInfos =
+                new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[] {createVpnInfo(new String[] {TEST_IFACE, TEST_IFACE2})};
+        mFactory.updateUnderlyingNetworkInfos(underlyingNetworkInfos);
+
+        // create some traffic (assume 10 bytes of MTU for VPN interface and 1 byte encryption
+        // overhead per packet):
+        // 1000 bytes (100 packets) were sent, and 500 bytes (50 packets) received by UID_RED over
+        // VPN.
+        // VPN sent 660 bytes (60 packets) over WiFi and 440 bytes (40 packets) over Cell.
+        // And, it received 330 bytes (30 packets) over WiFi and 220 bytes (20 packets) over Cell.
+        // For UID_RED, expect 600 bytes attributed over WiFi and 400 bytes over Cell for sent (tx)
+        // traffic. For received (rx) traffic, expect 300 bytes over WiFi and 200 bytes over Cell.
+        //
+        // For UID_VPN, expect 60 bytes attributed over WiFi and 40 bytes over Cell for tx traffic.
+        // And, 30 bytes over WiFi and 20 bytes over Cell for rx traffic.
+        final NetworkStats tunStats = parseDetailedStats(R.raw.xt_qtaguid_vpn_two_underlying_split);
+
+        assertValues(tunStats, TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, 300L, 30L, 600L, 60L);
+        assertValues(tunStats, TEST_IFACE, UID_VPN, 30L, 0L, 60L, 0L);
+        assertValues(tunStats, TEST_IFACE2, UID_RED, 200L, 20L, 400L, 40L);
+        assertValues(tunStats, TEST_IFACE2, UID_VPN, 20L, 0L, 40L, 0L);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testVpnWithTwoUnderlyingIfaces_splitTrafficWithCompression() throws Exception {
+        // WiFi and Cell networks are connected and VPN is using WiFi (which has TEST_IFACE) and
+        // Cell (which has TEST_IFACE2) and has declared both of them in its underlying network set.
+        // Additionally, VPN is arbitrarily splitting compressed traffic across WiFi and Cell.
+        final UnderlyingNetworkInfo[] underlyingNetworkInfos =
+                new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[] {createVpnInfo(new String[] {TEST_IFACE, TEST_IFACE2})};
+        mFactory.updateUnderlyingNetworkInfos(underlyingNetworkInfos);
+
+        // create some traffic (assume 10 bytes of MTU for VPN interface:
+        // 1000 bytes (100 packets) were sent/received by UID_RED over VPN.
+        // VPN sent/received 600 bytes (60 packets) over WiFi and 200 bytes (20 packets) over Cell.
+        // For UID_RED, expect 600 bytes attributed over WiFi and 200 bytes over Cell for both
+        // rx/tx.
+        // UID_VPN gets nothing attributed to it (avoiding negative stats).
+        final NetworkStats tunStats =
+                parseDetailedStats(R.raw.xt_qtaguid_vpn_two_underlying_split_compression);
+
+        assertValues(tunStats, TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, 600L, 60L, 600L, 60L);
+        assertValues(tunStats, TEST_IFACE, UID_VPN, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
+        assertValues(tunStats, TEST_IFACE2, UID_RED, 200L, 20L, 200L, 20L);
+        assertValues(tunStats, TEST_IFACE2, UID_VPN, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testVpnWithIncorrectUnderlyingIface() throws Exception {
+        // WiFi and Cell networks are connected and VPN is using Cell (which has TEST_IFACE2),
+        // but has declared only WiFi (TEST_IFACE) in its underlying network set.
+        final UnderlyingNetworkInfo[] underlyingNetworkInfos =
+                new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[] {createVpnInfo(new String[] {TEST_IFACE})};
+        mFactory.updateUnderlyingNetworkInfos(underlyingNetworkInfos);
+
+        // create some traffic (assume 10 bytes of MTU for VPN interface and 1 byte encryption
+        // overhead per packet):
+        // 1000 bytes (100 packets) were sent/received by UID_RED over VPN.
+        // VPN sent/received 1100 bytes (100 packets) over Cell.
+        // Of 1100 bytes over Cell, expect all of it attributed to UID_VPN for both rx/tx traffic.
+        final NetworkStats tunStats = parseDetailedStats(R.raw.xt_qtaguid_vpn_incorrect_iface);
+
+        assertValues(tunStats, TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
+        assertValues(tunStats, TEST_IFACE, UID_VPN, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
+        assertValues(tunStats, TEST_IFACE2, UID_RED, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
+        assertValues(tunStats, TEST_IFACE2, UID_VPN, 1100L, 100L, 1100L, 100L);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testKernelTags() throws Exception {
+        assertEquals(0, kernelToTag("0x0000000000000000"));
+        assertEquals(0x32, kernelToTag("0x0000003200000000"));
+        assertEquals(2147483647, kernelToTag("0x7fffffff00000000"));
+        assertEquals(0, kernelToTag("0x0000000000000000"));
+        assertEquals(2147483136, kernelToTag("0x7FFFFE0000000000"));
+
+        assertEquals(0, kernelToTag("0x0"));
+        assertEquals(0, kernelToTag("0xf00d"));
+        assertEquals(1, kernelToTag("0x100000000"));
+        assertEquals(14438007, kernelToTag("0xdc4e7700000000"));
+        assertEquals(TrafficStats.TAG_SYSTEM_DOWNLOAD, kernelToTag("0xffffff0100000000"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkStatsWithSet() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkStats stats = parseDetailedStats(R.raw.xt_qtaguid_typical);
+        assertEquals(70, stats.size());
+        assertStatsEntry(stats, "rmnet1", 10021, SET_DEFAULT, 0x30100000, 219110L, 578L, 227423L,
+                676L);
+        assertStatsEntry(stats, "rmnet1", 10021, SET_FOREGROUND, 0x30100000, 742L, 3L, 1265L, 3L);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkStatsSingle() throws Exception {
+        stageFile(R.raw.xt_qtaguid_iface_typical, file("net/xt_qtaguid/iface_stat_all"));
+
+        final NetworkStats stats = mFactory.readNetworkStatsSummaryDev();
+        assertEquals(6, stats.size());
+        assertStatsEntry(stats, "rmnet0", UID_ALL, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, 2112L, 24L, 700L, 10L);
+        assertStatsEntry(stats, "test1", UID_ALL, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, 6L, 8L, 10L, 12L);
+        assertStatsEntry(stats, "test2", UID_ALL, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, 1L, 2L, 3L, 4L);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkStatsXt() throws Exception {
+        stageFile(R.raw.xt_qtaguid_iface_fmt_typical, file("net/xt_qtaguid/iface_stat_fmt"));
+
+        final NetworkStats stats = mFactory.readNetworkStatsSummaryXt();
+        assertEquals(3, stats.size());
+        assertStatsEntry(stats, "rmnet0", UID_ALL, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, 6824L, 16L, 5692L, 10L);
+        assertStatsEntry(stats, "rmnet1", UID_ALL, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, 11153922L, 8051L, 190226L,
+                2468L);
+        assertStatsEntry(stats, "rmnet2", UID_ALL, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, 4968L, 35L, 3081L, 39L);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDoubleClatAccountingSimple() throws Exception {
+        mFactory.noteStackedIface("v4-wlan0", "wlan0");
+
+        // xt_qtaguid_with_clat_simple is a synthetic file that simulates
+        //  - 213 received 464xlat packets of size 200 bytes
+        //  - 41 sent 464xlat packets of size 100 bytes
+        //  - no other traffic on base interface for root uid.
+        NetworkStats stats = parseDetailedStats(R.raw.xt_qtaguid_with_clat_simple);
+        assertEquals(3, stats.size());
+
+        assertStatsEntry(stats, "v4-wlan0", 10060, SET_DEFAULT, 0x0, 46860L, 4920L);
+        assertStatsEntry(stats, "wlan0", 0, SET_DEFAULT, 0x0, 0L, 0L);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDoubleClatAccounting() throws Exception {
+        mFactory.noteStackedIface("v4-wlan0", "wlan0");
+
+        NetworkStats stats = parseDetailedStats(R.raw.xt_qtaguid_with_clat);
+        assertEquals(42, stats.size());
+
+        assertStatsEntry(stats, "v4-wlan0", 0, SET_DEFAULT, 0x0, 356L, 276L);
+        assertStatsEntry(stats, "v4-wlan0", 1000, SET_DEFAULT, 0x0, 30812L, 2310L);
+        assertStatsEntry(stats, "v4-wlan0", 10102, SET_DEFAULT, 0x0, 10022L, 3330L);
+        assertStatsEntry(stats, "v4-wlan0", 10060, SET_DEFAULT, 0x0, 9532772L, 254112L);
+        assertStatsEntry(stats, "wlan0", 0, SET_DEFAULT, 0x0, 0L, 0L);
+        assertStatsEntry(stats, "wlan0", 1000, SET_DEFAULT, 0x0, 6126L, 2013L);
+        assertStatsEntry(stats, "wlan0", 10013, SET_DEFAULT, 0x0, 0L, 144L);
+        assertStatsEntry(stats, "wlan0", 10018, SET_DEFAULT, 0x0, 5980263L, 167667L);
+        assertStatsEntry(stats, "wlan0", 10060, SET_DEFAULT, 0x0, 134356L, 8705L);
+        assertStatsEntry(stats, "wlan0", 10079, SET_DEFAULT, 0x0, 10926L, 1507L);
+        assertStatsEntry(stats, "wlan0", 10102, SET_DEFAULT, 0x0, 25038L, 8245L);
+        assertStatsEntry(stats, "wlan0", 10103, SET_DEFAULT, 0x0, 0L, 192L);
+        assertStatsEntry(stats, "dummy0", 0, SET_DEFAULT, 0x0, 0L, 168L);
+        assertStatsEntry(stats, "lo", 0, SET_DEFAULT, 0x0, 1288L, 1288L);
+
+        assertNoStatsEntry(stats, "wlan0", 1029, SET_DEFAULT, 0x0);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDoubleClatAccounting100MBDownload() throws Exception {
+        // Downloading 100mb from an ipv4 only destination in a foreground activity
+
+        long appRxBytesBefore = 328684029L;
+        long appRxBytesAfter = 439237478L;
+        assertEquals("App traffic should be ~100MB", 110553449, appRxBytesAfter - appRxBytesBefore);
+
+        long rootRxBytes = 330187296L;
+
+        mFactory.noteStackedIface("v4-wlan0", "wlan0");
+        NetworkStats stats;
+
+        // Stats snapshot before the download
+        stats = parseDetailedStats(R.raw.xt_qtaguid_with_clat_100mb_download_before);
+        assertStatsEntry(stats, "v4-wlan0", 10106, SET_FOREGROUND, 0x0, appRxBytesBefore, 5199872L);
+        assertStatsEntry(stats, "wlan0", 0, SET_DEFAULT, 0x0, rootRxBytes, 0L);
+
+        // Stats snapshot after the download
+        stats = parseDetailedStats(R.raw.xt_qtaguid_with_clat_100mb_download_after);
+        assertStatsEntry(stats, "v4-wlan0", 10106, SET_FOREGROUND, 0x0, appRxBytesAfter, 7867488L);
+        assertStatsEntry(stats, "wlan0", 0, SET_DEFAULT, 0x0, rootRxBytes, 0L);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Copy a {@link Resources#openRawResource(int)} into {@link File} for
+     * testing purposes.
+     */
+    private void stageFile(int rawId, File file) throws Exception {
+        new File(file.getParent()).mkdirs();
+        InputStream in = null;
+        OutputStream out = null;
+        try {
+            in = InstrumentationRegistry.getContext().getResources().openRawResource(rawId);
+            out = new FileOutputStream(file);
+            Streams.copy(in, out);
+        } finally {
+            IoUtils.closeQuietly(in);
+            IoUtils.closeQuietly(out);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void stageLong(long value, File file) throws Exception {
+        new File(file.getParent()).mkdirs();
+        FileWriter out = null;
+        try {
+            out = new FileWriter(file);
+            out.write(Long.toString(value));
+        } finally {
+            IoUtils.closeQuietly(out);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private File file(String path) throws Exception {
+        return new File(mTestProc, path);
+    }
+
+    private NetworkStats parseDetailedStats(int resourceId) throws Exception {
+        stageFile(resourceId, file("net/xt_qtaguid/stats"));
+        return mFactory.readNetworkStatsDetail();
+    }
+
+    private static void assertStatsEntry(NetworkStats stats, String iface, int uid, int set,
+            int tag, long rxBytes, long txBytes) {
+        final int i = stats.findIndex(iface, uid, set, tag, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO);
+        if (i < 0) {
+            fail(String.format("no NetworkStats for (iface: %s, uid: %d, set: %d, tag: %d)",
+                    iface, uid, set, tag));
+        }
+        final NetworkStats.Entry entry = stats.getValues(i, null);
+        assertEquals("unexpected rxBytes", rxBytes, entry.rxBytes);
+        assertEquals("unexpected txBytes", txBytes, entry.txBytes);
+    }
+
+    private static void assertNoStatsEntry(NetworkStats stats, String iface, int uid, int set,
+            int tag) {
+        final int i = stats.findIndex(iface, uid, set, tag, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO);
+        if (i >= 0) {
+            fail("unexpected NetworkStats entry at " + i);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void assertStatsEntry(NetworkStats stats, String iface, int uid, int set,
+            int tag, long rxBytes, long rxPackets, long txBytes, long txPackets) {
+        assertStatsEntry(stats, iface, uid, set, tag, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO,
+                rxBytes, rxPackets, txBytes, txPackets);
+    }
+
+    private static void assertStatsEntry(NetworkStats stats, String iface, int uid, int set,
+            int tag, int metered, int roaming, int defaultNetwork, long rxBytes, long rxPackets,
+            long txBytes, long txPackets) {
+        final int i = stats.findIndex(iface, uid, set, tag, metered, roaming, defaultNetwork);
+
+        if (i < 0) {
+            fail(String.format("no NetworkStats for (iface: %s, uid: %d, set: %d, tag: %d, metered:"
+                    + " %d, roaming: %d, defaultNetwork: %d)",
+                    iface, uid, set, tag, metered, roaming, defaultNetwork));
+        }
+        final NetworkStats.Entry entry = stats.getValues(i, null);
+        assertEquals("unexpected rxBytes", rxBytes, entry.rxBytes);
+        assertEquals("unexpected rxPackets", rxPackets, entry.rxPackets);
+        assertEquals("unexpected txBytes", txBytes, entry.txBytes);
+        assertEquals("unexpected txPackets", txPackets, entry.txPackets);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsObserversTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsObserversTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f9d1ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsObserversTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,452 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.net;
+
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE;
+import static android.net.NetworkIdentity.OEM_NONE;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_NO;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.ROAMING_NO;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.SET_DEFAULT;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE;
+import static android.net.NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateMobileAll;
+import static android.net.NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateWifiWildcard;
+import static android.net.TrafficStats.MB_IN_BYTES;
+import static android.text.format.DateUtils.MINUTE_IN_MILLIS;
+
+import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt.SC_V2;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyInt;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.DataUsageRequest;
+import android.net.NetworkIdentity;
+import android.net.NetworkIdentitySet;
+import android.net.NetworkStats;
+import android.net.NetworkStatsAccess;
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate;
+import android.os.HandlerThread;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.Process;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
+import android.util.ArrayMap;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.Mockito;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Tests for {@link NetworkStatsObservers}.
+ */
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2) // TODO: Use to Build.VERSION_CODES.SC_V2 when available
+public class NetworkStatsObserversTest {
+    private static final String TEST_IFACE = "test0";
+    private static final String TEST_IFACE2 = "test1";
+    private static final long TEST_START = 1194220800000L;
+
+    private static final String IMSI_1 = "310004";
+    private static final String IMSI_2 = "310260";
+    private static final int SUBID_1 = 1;
+    private static final String TEST_SSID = "AndroidAP";
+
+    private static NetworkTemplate sTemplateWifi = buildTemplateWifiWildcard();
+    private static NetworkTemplate sTemplateImsi1 = buildTemplateMobileAll(IMSI_1);
+    private static NetworkTemplate sTemplateImsi2 = buildTemplateMobileAll(IMSI_2);
+
+    private static final int UID_RED = UserHandle.PER_USER_RANGE + 1;
+    private static final int UID_BLUE = UserHandle.PER_USER_RANGE + 2;
+    private static final int UID_GREEN = UserHandle.PER_USER_RANGE + 3;
+    private static final int UID_ANOTHER_USER = 2 * UserHandle.PER_USER_RANGE + 4;
+
+    private static final long WAIT_TIMEOUT_MS = 500;
+    private static final long THRESHOLD_BYTES = 2 * MB_IN_BYTES;
+    private static final long BASE_BYTES = 7 * MB_IN_BYTES;
+
+    private HandlerThread mObserverHandlerThread;
+
+    private NetworkStatsObservers mStatsObservers;
+    private ArrayMap<String, NetworkIdentitySet> mActiveIfaces;
+    private ArrayMap<String, NetworkIdentitySet> mActiveUidIfaces;
+
+    @Mock private IBinder mUsageCallbackBinder;
+    private TestableUsageCallback mUsageCallback;
+    @Mock private Context mContext;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+
+        mObserverHandlerThread = new HandlerThread("HandlerThread");
+        mObserverHandlerThread.start();
+        final Looper observerLooper = mObserverHandlerThread.getLooper();
+        mStatsObservers = new NetworkStatsObservers() {
+            @Override
+            protected Looper getHandlerLooperLocked() {
+                return observerLooper;
+            }
+        };
+
+        mActiveIfaces = new ArrayMap<>();
+        mActiveUidIfaces = new ArrayMap<>();
+        mUsageCallback = new TestableUsageCallback(mUsageCallbackBinder);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRegister_thresholdTooLow_setsDefaultThreshold() throws Exception {
+        final long thresholdTooLowBytes = 1L;
+        final DataUsageRequest inputRequest = new DataUsageRequest(
+                DataUsageRequest.REQUEST_ID_UNSET, sTemplateWifi, thresholdTooLowBytes);
+
+        final DataUsageRequest requestByApp = mStatsObservers.register(mContext, inputRequest,
+                mUsageCallback, UID_RED, NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEVICE);
+        assertTrue(requestByApp.requestId > 0);
+        assertTrue(Objects.equals(sTemplateWifi, requestByApp.template));
+        assertEquals(thresholdTooLowBytes, requestByApp.thresholdInBytes);
+
+        // Verify the threshold requested by system uid won't be overridden.
+        final DataUsageRequest requestBySystem = mStatsObservers.register(mContext, inputRequest,
+                mUsageCallback, Process.SYSTEM_UID, NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEVICE);
+        assertTrue(requestBySystem.requestId > 0);
+        assertTrue(Objects.equals(sTemplateWifi, requestBySystem.template));
+        assertEquals(1, requestBySystem.thresholdInBytes);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRegister_highThreshold_accepted() throws Exception {
+        long highThresholdBytes = 2 * THRESHOLD_BYTES;
+        DataUsageRequest inputRequest = new DataUsageRequest(
+                DataUsageRequest.REQUEST_ID_UNSET, sTemplateWifi, highThresholdBytes);
+
+        DataUsageRequest request = mStatsObservers.register(mContext, inputRequest, mUsageCallback,
+                Process.SYSTEM_UID, NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEVICE);
+        assertTrue(request.requestId > 0);
+        assertTrue(Objects.equals(sTemplateWifi, request.template));
+        assertEquals(highThresholdBytes, request.thresholdInBytes);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRegister_twoRequests_twoIds() throws Exception {
+        DataUsageRequest inputRequest = new DataUsageRequest(
+                DataUsageRequest.REQUEST_ID_UNSET, sTemplateWifi, THRESHOLD_BYTES);
+
+        DataUsageRequest request1 = mStatsObservers.register(mContext, inputRequest, mUsageCallback,
+                Process.SYSTEM_UID, NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEVICE);
+        assertTrue(request1.requestId > 0);
+        assertTrue(Objects.equals(sTemplateWifi, request1.template));
+        assertEquals(THRESHOLD_BYTES, request1.thresholdInBytes);
+
+        DataUsageRequest request2 = mStatsObservers.register(mContext, inputRequest, mUsageCallback,
+                Process.SYSTEM_UID, NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEVICE);
+        assertTrue(request2.requestId > request1.requestId);
+        assertTrue(Objects.equals(sTemplateWifi, request2.template));
+        assertEquals(THRESHOLD_BYTES, request2.thresholdInBytes);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUnregister_unknownRequest_noop() throws Exception {
+        DataUsageRequest unknownRequest = new DataUsageRequest(
+                123456 /* id */, sTemplateWifi, THRESHOLD_BYTES);
+
+        mStatsObservers.unregister(unknownRequest, UID_RED);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUnregister_knownRequest_releasesCaller() throws Exception {
+        DataUsageRequest inputRequest = new DataUsageRequest(
+                DataUsageRequest.REQUEST_ID_UNSET, sTemplateImsi1, THRESHOLD_BYTES);
+
+        DataUsageRequest request = mStatsObservers.register(mContext, inputRequest, mUsageCallback,
+                Process.SYSTEM_UID, NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEVICE);
+        assertTrue(request.requestId > 0);
+        assertTrue(Objects.equals(sTemplateImsi1, request.template));
+        assertEquals(THRESHOLD_BYTES, request.thresholdInBytes);
+        Mockito.verify(mUsageCallbackBinder).linkToDeath(any(IBinder.DeathRecipient.class),
+                anyInt());
+
+        mStatsObservers.unregister(request, Process.SYSTEM_UID);
+        waitForObserverToIdle();
+
+        Mockito.verify(mUsageCallbackBinder).unlinkToDeath(any(IBinder.DeathRecipient.class),
+                anyInt());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUnregister_knownRequest_invalidUid_doesNotUnregister() throws Exception {
+        DataUsageRequest inputRequest = new DataUsageRequest(
+                DataUsageRequest.REQUEST_ID_UNSET, sTemplateImsi1, THRESHOLD_BYTES);
+
+        DataUsageRequest request = mStatsObservers.register(mContext, inputRequest, mUsageCallback,
+                UID_RED, NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEVICE);
+        assertTrue(request.requestId > 0);
+        assertTrue(Objects.equals(sTemplateImsi1, request.template));
+        assertEquals(THRESHOLD_BYTES, request.thresholdInBytes);
+        Mockito.verify(mUsageCallbackBinder)
+                .linkToDeath(any(IBinder.DeathRecipient.class), anyInt());
+
+        mStatsObservers.unregister(request, UID_BLUE);
+        waitForObserverToIdle();
+
+        Mockito.verifyZeroInteractions(mUsageCallbackBinder);
+    }
+
+    private NetworkIdentitySet makeTestIdentSet() {
+        NetworkIdentitySet identSet = new NetworkIdentitySet();
+        identSet.add(new NetworkIdentity(
+                TYPE_MOBILE, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN,
+                IMSI_1, null /* networkId */, false /* roaming */, true /* metered */,
+                true /* defaultNetwork */, OEM_NONE, SUBID_1));
+        return identSet;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateStats_initialSample_doesNotNotify() throws Exception {
+        DataUsageRequest inputRequest = new DataUsageRequest(
+                DataUsageRequest.REQUEST_ID_UNSET, sTemplateImsi1, THRESHOLD_BYTES);
+
+        DataUsageRequest request = mStatsObservers.register(mContext, inputRequest, mUsageCallback,
+                Process.SYSTEM_UID, NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEVICE);
+        assertTrue(request.requestId > 0);
+        assertTrue(Objects.equals(sTemplateImsi1, request.template));
+        assertEquals(THRESHOLD_BYTES, request.thresholdInBytes);
+
+        NetworkIdentitySet identSet = makeTestIdentSet();
+        mActiveIfaces.put(TEST_IFACE, identSet);
+
+        // Baseline
+        NetworkStats xtSnapshot = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 1 /* initialSize */)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, BASE_BYTES, 8L, BASE_BYTES, 16L);
+        NetworkStats uidSnapshot = null;
+
+        mStatsObservers.updateStats(
+                xtSnapshot, uidSnapshot, mActiveIfaces, mActiveUidIfaces, TEST_START);
+        waitForObserverToIdle();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateStats_belowThreshold_doesNotNotify() throws Exception {
+        DataUsageRequest inputRequest = new DataUsageRequest(
+                DataUsageRequest.REQUEST_ID_UNSET, sTemplateImsi1, THRESHOLD_BYTES);
+
+        DataUsageRequest request = mStatsObservers.register(mContext, inputRequest, mUsageCallback,
+                Process.SYSTEM_UID, NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEVICE);
+        assertTrue(request.requestId > 0);
+        assertTrue(Objects.equals(sTemplateImsi1, request.template));
+        assertEquals(THRESHOLD_BYTES, request.thresholdInBytes);
+
+        NetworkIdentitySet identSet = makeTestIdentSet();
+        mActiveIfaces.put(TEST_IFACE, identSet);
+
+        // Baseline
+        NetworkStats xtSnapshot = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 1 /* initialSize */)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, BASE_BYTES, 8L, BASE_BYTES, 16L);
+        NetworkStats uidSnapshot = null;
+        mStatsObservers.updateStats(
+                xtSnapshot, uidSnapshot, mActiveIfaces, mActiveUidIfaces, TEST_START);
+
+        // Delta
+        xtSnapshot = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 1 /* initialSize */)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, BASE_BYTES + 1024L, 10L, BASE_BYTES + 2048L, 20L);
+        mStatsObservers.updateStats(
+                xtSnapshot, uidSnapshot, mActiveIfaces, mActiveUidIfaces, TEST_START);
+        waitForObserverToIdle();
+    }
+
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateStats_deviceAccess_notifies() throws Exception {
+        DataUsageRequest inputRequest = new DataUsageRequest(
+                DataUsageRequest.REQUEST_ID_UNSET, sTemplateImsi1, THRESHOLD_BYTES);
+
+        DataUsageRequest request = mStatsObservers.register(mContext, inputRequest, mUsageCallback,
+                Process.SYSTEM_UID, NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEVICE);
+        assertTrue(request.requestId > 0);
+        assertTrue(Objects.equals(sTemplateImsi1, request.template));
+        assertEquals(THRESHOLD_BYTES, request.thresholdInBytes);
+
+        NetworkIdentitySet identSet = makeTestIdentSet();
+        mActiveIfaces.put(TEST_IFACE, identSet);
+
+        // Baseline
+        NetworkStats xtSnapshot = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 1 /* initialSize */)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, BASE_BYTES, 8L, BASE_BYTES, 16L);
+        NetworkStats uidSnapshot = null;
+        mStatsObservers.updateStats(
+                xtSnapshot, uidSnapshot, mActiveIfaces, mActiveUidIfaces, TEST_START);
+
+        // Delta
+        xtSnapshot = new NetworkStats(TEST_START + MINUTE_IN_MILLIS, 1 /* initialSize */)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, BASE_BYTES + THRESHOLD_BYTES, 12L,
+                        BASE_BYTES + THRESHOLD_BYTES, 22L);
+        mStatsObservers.updateStats(
+                xtSnapshot, uidSnapshot, mActiveIfaces, mActiveUidIfaces, TEST_START);
+        waitForObserverToIdle();
+        mUsageCallback.expectOnThresholdReached(request);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateStats_defaultAccess_notifiesSameUid() throws Exception {
+        DataUsageRequest inputRequest = new DataUsageRequest(
+                DataUsageRequest.REQUEST_ID_UNSET, sTemplateImsi1, THRESHOLD_BYTES);
+
+        DataUsageRequest request = mStatsObservers.register(mContext, inputRequest, mUsageCallback,
+                UID_RED, NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEFAULT);
+        assertTrue(request.requestId > 0);
+        assertTrue(Objects.equals(sTemplateImsi1, request.template));
+        assertEquals(THRESHOLD_BYTES, request.thresholdInBytes);
+
+        NetworkIdentitySet identSet = makeTestIdentSet();
+        mActiveUidIfaces.put(TEST_IFACE, identSet);
+
+        // Baseline
+        NetworkStats xtSnapshot = null;
+        NetworkStats uidSnapshot = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 2 /* initialSize */)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, BASE_BYTES, 2L, BASE_BYTES, 2L, 0L);
+        mStatsObservers.updateStats(
+                xtSnapshot, uidSnapshot, mActiveIfaces, mActiveUidIfaces, TEST_START);
+
+        // Delta
+        uidSnapshot = new NetworkStats(TEST_START + 2 * MINUTE_IN_MILLIS, 2 /* initialSize */)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, BASE_BYTES + THRESHOLD_BYTES, 2L,
+                        BASE_BYTES + THRESHOLD_BYTES, 2L, 0L);
+        mStatsObservers.updateStats(
+                xtSnapshot, uidSnapshot, mActiveIfaces, mActiveUidIfaces, TEST_START);
+        waitForObserverToIdle();
+        mUsageCallback.expectOnThresholdReached(request);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateStats_defaultAccess_usageOtherUid_doesNotNotify() throws Exception {
+        DataUsageRequest inputRequest = new DataUsageRequest(
+                DataUsageRequest.REQUEST_ID_UNSET, sTemplateImsi1, THRESHOLD_BYTES);
+
+        DataUsageRequest request = mStatsObservers.register(mContext, inputRequest, mUsageCallback,
+                UID_BLUE, NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEFAULT);
+        assertTrue(request.requestId > 0);
+        assertTrue(Objects.equals(sTemplateImsi1, request.template));
+        assertEquals(THRESHOLD_BYTES, request.thresholdInBytes);
+
+        NetworkIdentitySet identSet = makeTestIdentSet();
+        mActiveUidIfaces.put(TEST_IFACE, identSet);
+
+        // Baseline
+        NetworkStats xtSnapshot = null;
+        NetworkStats uidSnapshot = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 2 /* initialSize */)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, BASE_BYTES, 2L, BASE_BYTES, 2L, 0L);
+        mStatsObservers.updateStats(
+                xtSnapshot, uidSnapshot, mActiveIfaces, mActiveUidIfaces, TEST_START);
+
+        // Delta
+        uidSnapshot = new NetworkStats(TEST_START + 2 * MINUTE_IN_MILLIS, 2 /* initialSize */)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, BASE_BYTES + THRESHOLD_BYTES, 2L,
+                        BASE_BYTES + THRESHOLD_BYTES, 2L, 0L);
+        mStatsObservers.updateStats(
+                xtSnapshot, uidSnapshot, mActiveIfaces, mActiveUidIfaces, TEST_START);
+        waitForObserverToIdle();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateStats_userAccess_usageSameUser_notifies() throws Exception {
+        DataUsageRequest inputRequest = new DataUsageRequest(
+                DataUsageRequest.REQUEST_ID_UNSET, sTemplateImsi1, THRESHOLD_BYTES);
+
+        DataUsageRequest request = mStatsObservers.register(mContext, inputRequest, mUsageCallback,
+                UID_BLUE, NetworkStatsAccess.Level.USER);
+        assertTrue(request.requestId > 0);
+        assertTrue(Objects.equals(sTemplateImsi1, request.template));
+        assertEquals(THRESHOLD_BYTES, request.thresholdInBytes);
+
+        NetworkIdentitySet identSet = makeTestIdentSet();
+        mActiveUidIfaces.put(TEST_IFACE, identSet);
+
+        // Baseline
+        NetworkStats xtSnapshot = null;
+        NetworkStats uidSnapshot = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 2 /* initialSize */)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, BASE_BYTES, 2L, BASE_BYTES, 2L, 0L);
+        mStatsObservers.updateStats(
+                xtSnapshot, uidSnapshot, mActiveIfaces, mActiveUidIfaces, TEST_START);
+
+        // Delta
+        uidSnapshot = new NetworkStats(TEST_START + 2 * MINUTE_IN_MILLIS, 2 /* initialSize */)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, BASE_BYTES + THRESHOLD_BYTES, 2L,
+                        BASE_BYTES + THRESHOLD_BYTES, 2L, 0L);
+        mStatsObservers.updateStats(
+                xtSnapshot, uidSnapshot, mActiveIfaces, mActiveUidIfaces, TEST_START);
+        waitForObserverToIdle();
+        mUsageCallback.expectOnThresholdReached(request);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateStats_userAccess_usageAnotherUser_doesNotNotify() throws Exception {
+        DataUsageRequest inputRequest = new DataUsageRequest(
+                DataUsageRequest.REQUEST_ID_UNSET, sTemplateImsi1, THRESHOLD_BYTES);
+
+        DataUsageRequest request = mStatsObservers.register(mContext, inputRequest, mUsageCallback,
+                UID_RED, NetworkStatsAccess.Level.USER);
+        assertTrue(request.requestId > 0);
+        assertTrue(Objects.equals(sTemplateImsi1, request.template));
+        assertEquals(THRESHOLD_BYTES, request.thresholdInBytes);
+
+        NetworkIdentitySet identSet = makeTestIdentSet();
+        mActiveUidIfaces.put(TEST_IFACE, identSet);
+
+        // Baseline
+        NetworkStats xtSnapshot = null;
+        NetworkStats uidSnapshot = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 2 /* initialSize */)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_ANOTHER_USER, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO,
+                        ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, BASE_BYTES, 2L, BASE_BYTES, 2L, 0L);
+        mStatsObservers.updateStats(
+                xtSnapshot, uidSnapshot, mActiveIfaces, mActiveUidIfaces, TEST_START);
+
+        // Delta
+        uidSnapshot = new NetworkStats(TEST_START + 2 * MINUTE_IN_MILLIS, 2 /* initialSize */)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_ANOTHER_USER, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO,
+                        ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, BASE_BYTES + THRESHOLD_BYTES, 2L,
+                        BASE_BYTES + THRESHOLD_BYTES, 2L, 0L);
+        mStatsObservers.updateStats(
+                xtSnapshot, uidSnapshot, mActiveIfaces, mActiveUidIfaces, TEST_START);
+        waitForObserverToIdle();
+    }
+
+    private void waitForObserverToIdle() {
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mObserverHandlerThread, WAIT_TIMEOUT_MS);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ceeb997
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,2001 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.net;
+
+import static android.Manifest.permission.READ_NETWORK_USAGE_HISTORY;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS;
+import static android.content.Intent.ACTION_UID_REMOVED;
+import static android.content.Intent.EXTRA_UID;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI;
+import static android.net.NetworkIdentity.OEM_PAID;
+import static android.net.NetworkIdentity.OEM_PRIVATE;
+import static android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.IFACE_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.INTERFACES_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_NO;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_YES;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.ROAMING_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.ROAMING_NO;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.ROAMING_YES;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.SET_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.SET_DEFAULT;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.SET_FOREGROUND;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.UID_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStatsHistory.FIELD_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkTemplate.MATCH_MOBILE_WILDCARD;
+import static android.net.NetworkTemplate.NETWORK_TYPE_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkTemplate.OEM_MANAGED_NO;
+import static android.net.NetworkTemplate.OEM_MANAGED_YES;
+import static android.net.NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateMobileAll;
+import static android.net.NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateMobileWithRatType;
+import static android.net.NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateWifi;
+import static android.net.NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateWifiWildcard;
+import static android.net.TrafficStats.MB_IN_BYTES;
+import static android.net.TrafficStats.UID_REMOVED;
+import static android.net.TrafficStats.UID_TETHERING;
+import static android.text.format.DateUtils.DAY_IN_MILLIS;
+import static android.text.format.DateUtils.HOUR_IN_MILLIS;
+import static android.text.format.DateUtils.MINUTE_IN_MILLIS;
+import static android.text.format.DateUtils.WEEK_IN_MILLIS;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStatsUtils.SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT;
+import static com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService.ACTION_NETWORK_STATS_POLL;
+import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt.SC_V2;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyBoolean;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyLong;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.spy;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.app.AlarmManager;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.database.ContentObserver;
+import android.net.DataUsageRequest;
+import android.net.INetd;
+import android.net.INetworkStatsSession;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkStateSnapshot;
+import android.net.NetworkStats;
+import android.net.NetworkStatsHistory;
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate;
+import android.net.TelephonyNetworkSpecifier;
+import android.net.TetherStatsParcel;
+import android.net.TetheringManager;
+import android.net.UnderlyingNetworkInfo;
+import android.net.netstats.provider.INetworkStatsProviderCallback;
+import android.net.wifi.WifiInfo;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.HandlerThread;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.PowerManager;
+import android.os.SimpleClock;
+import android.provider.Settings;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
+
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.internal.util.test.BroadcastInterceptingContext;
+import com.android.net.module.util.IBpfMap;
+import com.android.net.module.util.LocationPermissionChecker;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.U32;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.U8;
+import com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService.AlertObserver;
+import com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService.NetworkStatsSettings;
+import com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService.NetworkStatsSettings.Config;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils;
+import com.android.testutils.TestBpfMap;
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkStatsProviderBinder;
+
+import libcore.testing.io.TestIoUtils;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.time.Clock;
+import java.time.ZoneOffset;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+
+/**
+ * Tests for {@link NetworkStatsService}.
+ *
+ * TODO: This test used to be really brittle because it used Easymock - it uses Mockito now, but
+ * still uses the Easymock structure, which could be simplified.
+ */
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@SmallTest
+// NetworkStatsService is not updatable before T, so tests do not need to be backwards compatible
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2)
+public class NetworkStatsServiceTest extends NetworkStatsBaseTest {
+    private static final String TAG = "NetworkStatsServiceTest";
+
+    private static final long TEST_START = 1194220800000L;
+
+    private static final String IMSI_1 = "310004";
+    private static final String IMSI_2 = "310260";
+    private static final String TEST_WIFI_NETWORK_KEY = "WifiNetworkKey";
+
+    private static NetworkTemplate sTemplateWifi = buildTemplateWifi(TEST_WIFI_NETWORK_KEY);
+    private static NetworkTemplate sTemplateCarrierWifi1 =
+            buildTemplateWifi(NetworkTemplate.WIFI_NETWORKID_ALL, IMSI_1);
+    private static NetworkTemplate sTemplateImsi1 = buildTemplateMobileAll(IMSI_1);
+    private static NetworkTemplate sTemplateImsi2 = buildTemplateMobileAll(IMSI_2);
+
+    private static final Network WIFI_NETWORK =  new Network(100);
+    private static final Network MOBILE_NETWORK =  new Network(101);
+    private static final Network VPN_NETWORK = new Network(102);
+
+    private static final Network[] NETWORKS_WIFI = new Network[]{ WIFI_NETWORK };
+    private static final Network[] NETWORKS_MOBILE = new Network[]{ MOBILE_NETWORK };
+
+    private static final long WAIT_TIMEOUT = 2 * 1000;  // 2 secs
+    private static final int INVALID_TYPE = -1;
+
+    private long mElapsedRealtime;
+
+    private File mStatsDir;
+    private MockContext mServiceContext;
+    private @Mock TelephonyManager mTelephonyManager;
+    private static @Mock WifiInfo sWifiInfo;
+    private @Mock INetd mNetd;
+    private @Mock TetheringManager mTetheringManager;
+    private @Mock NetworkStatsFactory mStatsFactory;
+    private @Mock NetworkStatsSettings mSettings;
+    private @Mock IBinder mUsageCallbackBinder;
+    private TestableUsageCallback mUsageCallback;
+    private @Mock AlarmManager mAlarmManager;
+    @Mock
+    private NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor mNetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor;
+    private @Mock BpfInterfaceMapUpdater mBpfInterfaceMapUpdater;
+    private HandlerThread mHandlerThread;
+    @Mock
+    private LocationPermissionChecker mLocationPermissionChecker;
+    private TestBpfMap<U32, U8> mUidCounterSetMap = spy(new TestBpfMap<>(U32.class, U8.class));
+
+    private TestBpfMap<CookieTagMapKey, CookieTagMapValue> mCookieTagMap = new TestBpfMap<>(
+            CookieTagMapKey.class, CookieTagMapValue.class);
+    private TestBpfMap<StatsMapKey, StatsMapValue> mStatsMapA = new TestBpfMap<>(StatsMapKey.class,
+            StatsMapValue.class);
+    private TestBpfMap<StatsMapKey, StatsMapValue> mStatsMapB = new TestBpfMap<>(StatsMapKey.class,
+            StatsMapValue.class);
+    private TestBpfMap<UidStatsMapKey, StatsMapValue> mAppUidStatsMap = new TestBpfMap<>(
+            UidStatsMapKey.class, StatsMapValue.class);
+
+    private NetworkStatsService mService;
+    private INetworkStatsSession mSession;
+    private AlertObserver mAlertObserver;
+    private ContentObserver mContentObserver;
+    private Handler mHandler;
+    private TetheringManager.TetheringEventCallback mTetheringEventCallback;
+
+    private class MockContext extends BroadcastInterceptingContext {
+        private final Context mBaseContext;
+
+        MockContext(Context base) {
+            super(base);
+            mBaseContext = base;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Object getSystemService(String name) {
+            if (Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE.equals(name)) return mTelephonyManager;
+            if (Context.TETHERING_SERVICE.equals(name)) return mTetheringManager;
+            return mBaseContext.getSystemService(name);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(String permission, @Nullable String message) {
+            if (checkCallingOrSelfPermission(permission) != PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
+                throw new SecurityException("Test does not have mocked permission " + permission);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int checkCallingOrSelfPermission(String permission) {
+            switch (permission) {
+                case PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK:
+                case READ_NETWORK_USAGE_HISTORY:
+                case UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS:
+                    return PERMISSION_GRANTED;
+                default:
+                    return PERMISSION_DENIED;
+            }
+
+        }
+    }
+
+    private final Clock mClock = new SimpleClock(ZoneOffset.UTC) {
+        @Override
+        public long millis() {
+            return currentTimeMillis();
+        }
+    };
+
+    @NonNull
+    private static TetherStatsParcel buildTetherStatsParcel(String iface, long rxBytes,
+            long rxPackets, long txBytes, long txPackets, int ifIndex) {
+        TetherStatsParcel parcel = new TetherStatsParcel();
+        parcel.iface = iface;
+        parcel.rxBytes = rxBytes;
+        parcel.rxPackets = rxPackets;
+        parcel.txBytes = txBytes;
+        parcel.txPackets = txPackets;
+        parcel.ifIndex = ifIndex;
+        return parcel;
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+        final Context context = InstrumentationRegistry.getContext();
+        mServiceContext = new MockContext(context);
+        when(mLocationPermissionChecker.checkCallersLocationPermission(
+                any(), any(), anyInt(), anyBoolean(), any())).thenReturn(true);
+        when(sWifiInfo.getNetworkKey()).thenReturn(TEST_WIFI_NETWORK_KEY);
+        mStatsDir = TestIoUtils.createTemporaryDirectory(getClass().getSimpleName());
+
+        PowerManager powerManager = (PowerManager) mServiceContext.getSystemService(
+                Context.POWER_SERVICE);
+        PowerManager.WakeLock wakeLock =
+                powerManager.newWakeLock(PowerManager.PARTIAL_WAKE_LOCK, TAG);
+
+        mHandlerThread = new HandlerThread("HandlerThread");
+        final NetworkStatsService.Dependencies deps = makeDependencies();
+        mService = new NetworkStatsService(mServiceContext, mNetd, mAlarmManager, wakeLock,
+                mClock, mSettings, mStatsFactory, new NetworkStatsObservers(), mStatsDir,
+                getBaseDir(mStatsDir), deps);
+
+        mElapsedRealtime = 0L;
+
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+        expectSystemReady();
+        mService.systemReady();
+        // Verify that system ready fetches realtime stats
+        verify(mStatsFactory).readNetworkStatsDetail(UID_ALL, INTERFACES_ALL, TAG_ALL);
+        // Wait for posting onChange() event to handler thread and verify that when system ready,
+        // start monitoring data usage per RAT type because the settings value is mock as false
+        // by default in expectSettings().
+        waitForIdle();
+        verify(mNetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor).start();
+        reset(mNetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor);
+
+        doReturn(TelephonyManager.CARRIER_PRIVILEGE_STATUS_HAS_ACCESS).when(mTelephonyManager)
+                .checkCarrierPrivilegesForPackageAnyPhone(anyString());
+
+        mSession = mService.openSession();
+        assertNotNull("openSession() failed", mSession);
+
+        // Catch AlertObserver during systemReady().
+        final ArgumentCaptor<AlertObserver> alertObserver =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(AlertObserver.class);
+        verify(mNetd).registerUnsolicitedEventListener(alertObserver.capture());
+        mAlertObserver = alertObserver.getValue();
+
+        // Catch TetheringEventCallback during systemReady().
+        ArgumentCaptor<TetheringManager.TetheringEventCallback> tetheringEventCbCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(TetheringManager.TetheringEventCallback.class);
+        verify(mTetheringManager).registerTetheringEventCallback(
+                any(), tetheringEventCbCaptor.capture());
+        mTetheringEventCallback = tetheringEventCbCaptor.getValue();
+
+        mUsageCallback = new TestableUsageCallback(mUsageCallbackBinder);
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    private NetworkStatsService.Dependencies makeDependencies() {
+        return new NetworkStatsService.Dependencies() {
+            @Override
+            public HandlerThread makeHandlerThread() {
+                return mHandlerThread;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor makeSubscriptionsMonitor(
+                    @NonNull Context context, @NonNull Executor executor,
+                    @NonNull NetworkStatsService service) {
+
+                return mNetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public ContentObserver makeContentObserver(Handler handler,
+                    NetworkStatsSettings settings, NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor monitor) {
+                mHandler = handler;
+                return mContentObserver = super.makeContentObserver(handler, settings, monitor);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public LocationPermissionChecker makeLocationPermissionChecker(final Context context) {
+                return mLocationPermissionChecker;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public BpfInterfaceMapUpdater makeBpfInterfaceMapUpdater(
+                    @NonNull Context ctx, @NonNull Handler handler) {
+                return mBpfInterfaceMapUpdater;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public IBpfMap<U32, U8> getUidCounterSetMap() {
+                return mUidCounterSetMap;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public IBpfMap<CookieTagMapKey, CookieTagMapValue> getCookieTagMap() {
+                return mCookieTagMap;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public IBpfMap<StatsMapKey, StatsMapValue> getStatsMapA() {
+                return mStatsMapA;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public IBpfMap<StatsMapKey, StatsMapValue> getStatsMapB() {
+                return mStatsMapB;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public IBpfMap<UidStatsMapKey, StatsMapValue> getAppUidStatsMap() {
+                return mAppUidStatsMap;
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        mServiceContext = null;
+        mStatsDir = null;
+
+        mNetd = null;
+        mSettings = null;
+
+        mSession.close();
+        mService = null;
+
+        mHandlerThread.quitSafely();
+    }
+
+    private void initWifiStats(NetworkStateSnapshot snapshot) throws Exception {
+        // pretend that wifi network comes online; service should ask about full
+        // network state, and poll any existing interfaces before updating.
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        NetworkStateSnapshot[] states = new NetworkStateSnapshot[] {snapshot};
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+
+        mService.notifyNetworkStatus(NETWORKS_WIFI, states, getActiveIface(states),
+                new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[0]);
+    }
+
+    private void incrementWifiStats(long durationMillis, String iface,
+            long rxb, long rxp, long txb, long txp) throws Exception {
+        incrementCurrentTime(durationMillis);
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 1)
+                .insertEntry(iface, rxb, rxp, txb, txp));
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkStatsCarrierWifi() throws Exception {
+        initWifiStats(buildWifiState(true, TEST_IFACE, IMSI_1));
+        // verify service has empty history for carrier merged wifi and non-carrier wifi
+        assertNetworkTotal(sTemplateCarrierWifi1, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+        assertNetworkTotal(sTemplateWifi, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+
+        // modify some number on wifi, and trigger poll event
+        incrementWifiStats(HOUR_IN_MILLIS, TEST_IFACE, 1024L, 1L, 2048L, 2L);
+
+        // verify service recorded history
+        assertNetworkTotal(sTemplateCarrierWifi1, 1024L, 1L, 2048L, 2L, 0);
+
+        // verify service recorded history for wifi with WiFi Network Key filter
+        assertNetworkTotal(sTemplateWifi,  1024L, 1L, 2048L, 2L, 0);
+
+
+        // and bump forward again, with counters going higher. this is
+        // important, since polling should correctly subtract last snapshot.
+        incrementWifiStats(DAY_IN_MILLIS, TEST_IFACE, 4096L, 4L, 8192L, 8L);
+
+        // verify service recorded history
+        assertNetworkTotal(sTemplateCarrierWifi1, 4096L, 4L, 8192L, 8L, 0);
+        // verify service recorded history for wifi with WiFi Network Key filter
+        assertNetworkTotal(sTemplateWifi, 4096L, 4L, 8192L, 8L, 0);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkStatsNonCarrierWifi() throws Exception {
+        initWifiStats(buildWifiState());
+
+        // verify service has empty history for wifi
+        assertNetworkTotal(sTemplateWifi, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+        // verify service has empty history for carrier merged wifi
+        assertNetworkTotal(sTemplateCarrierWifi1, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+
+        // modify some number on wifi, and trigger poll event
+        incrementWifiStats(HOUR_IN_MILLIS, TEST_IFACE, 1024L, 1L, 2048L, 2L);
+
+        // verify service recorded history
+        assertNetworkTotal(sTemplateWifi, 1024L, 1L, 2048L, 2L, 0);
+        // verify service has empty history for carrier wifi since current network is non carrier
+        // wifi
+        assertNetworkTotal(sTemplateCarrierWifi1, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+
+        // and bump forward again, with counters going higher. this is
+        // important, since polling should correctly subtract last snapshot.
+        incrementWifiStats(DAY_IN_MILLIS, TEST_IFACE, 4096L, 4L, 8192L, 8L);
+
+        // verify service recorded history
+        assertNetworkTotal(sTemplateWifi, 4096L, 4L, 8192L, 8L, 0);
+        // verify service has empty history for carrier wifi since current network is non carrier
+        // wifi
+        assertNetworkTotal(sTemplateCarrierWifi1, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStatsRebootPersist() throws Exception {
+        assertStatsFilesExist(false);
+
+        // pretend that wifi network comes online; service should ask about full
+        // network state, and poll any existing interfaces before updating.
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        NetworkStateSnapshot[] states = new NetworkStateSnapshot[] {buildWifiState()};
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+
+        mService.notifyNetworkStatus(NETWORKS_WIFI, states, getActiveIface(states),
+                new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[0]);
+
+        // verify service has empty history for wifi
+        assertNetworkTotal(sTemplateWifi, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+
+
+        // modify some number on wifi, and trigger poll event
+        incrementCurrentTime(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 1)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 1024L, 8L, 2048L, 16L));
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 2)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 512L, 4L, 256L, 2L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, 0xFAAD, 256L, 2L, 128L, 1L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE, 512L, 4L, 256L, 2L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_FOREGROUND, 0xFAAD, 256L, 2L, 128L, 1L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_BLUE, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 128L, 1L, 128L, 1L, 0L));
+        mService.noteUidForeground(UID_RED, false);
+        verify(mUidCounterSetMap, never()).deleteEntry(any());
+        mService.incrementOperationCount(UID_RED, 0xFAAD, 4);
+        mService.noteUidForeground(UID_RED, true);
+        verify(mUidCounterSetMap).updateEntry(
+                eq(new U32(UID_RED)), eq(new U8((short) SET_FOREGROUND)));
+        mService.incrementOperationCount(UID_RED, 0xFAAD, 6);
+
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+
+        // verify service recorded history
+        assertNetworkTotal(sTemplateWifi, 1024L, 8L, 2048L, 16L, 0);
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_RED, 1024L, 8L, 512L, 4L, 10);
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 512L, 4L, 256L, 2L, 4);
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_RED, SET_FOREGROUND, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 512L, 4L, 256L, 2L, 6);
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_BLUE, 128L, 1L, 128L, 1L, 0);
+
+
+        // graceful shutdown system, which should trigger persist of stats, and
+        // clear any values in memory.
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        mServiceContext.sendBroadcast(new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SHUTDOWN));
+        assertStatsFilesExist(true);
+
+        // boot through serviceReady() again
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+        expectSystemReady();
+
+        mService.systemReady();
+
+        // after systemReady(), we should have historical stats loaded again
+        assertNetworkTotal(sTemplateWifi, 1024L, 8L, 2048L, 16L, 0);
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_RED, 1024L, 8L, 512L, 4L, 10);
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 512L, 4L, 256L, 2L, 4);
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_RED, SET_FOREGROUND, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 512L, 4L, 256L, 2L, 6);
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_BLUE, 128L, 1L, 128L, 1L, 0);
+
+    }
+
+    // TODO: simulate reboot to test bucket resize
+    @Test
+    @Ignore
+    public void testStatsBucketResize() throws Exception {
+        NetworkStatsHistory history = null;
+
+        assertStatsFilesExist(false);
+
+        // pretend that wifi network comes online; service should ask about full
+        // network state, and poll any existing interfaces before updating.
+        expectSettings(0L, HOUR_IN_MILLIS, WEEK_IN_MILLIS);
+        NetworkStateSnapshot[] states = new NetworkStateSnapshot[] {buildWifiState()};
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+
+        mService.notifyNetworkStatus(NETWORKS_WIFI, states, getActiveIface(states),
+                new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[0]);
+
+        // modify some number on wifi, and trigger poll event
+        incrementCurrentTime(2 * HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        expectSettings(0L, HOUR_IN_MILLIS, WEEK_IN_MILLIS);
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 1)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 512L, 4L, 512L, 4L));
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+
+        // verify service recorded history
+        history = mSession.getHistoryForNetwork(sTemplateWifi, FIELD_ALL);
+        assertValues(history, Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE, 512L, 4L, 512L, 4L, 0);
+        assertEquals(HOUR_IN_MILLIS, history.getBucketDuration());
+        assertEquals(2, history.size());
+
+
+        // now change bucket duration setting and trigger another poll with
+        // exact same values, which should resize existing buckets.
+        expectSettings(0L, 30 * MINUTE_IN_MILLIS, WEEK_IN_MILLIS);
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+
+        // verify identical stats, but spread across 4 buckets now
+        history = mSession.getHistoryForNetwork(sTemplateWifi, FIELD_ALL);
+        assertValues(history, Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE, 512L, 4L, 512L, 4L, 0);
+        assertEquals(30 * MINUTE_IN_MILLIS, history.getBucketDuration());
+        assertEquals(4, history.size());
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUidStatsAcrossNetworks() throws Exception {
+        // pretend first mobile network comes online
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        NetworkStateSnapshot[] states = new NetworkStateSnapshot[] {buildMobileState(IMSI_1)};
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+
+        mService.notifyNetworkStatus(NETWORKS_MOBILE, states, getActiveIface(states),
+                new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[0]);
+
+        // create some traffic on first network
+        incrementCurrentTime(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 1)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 2048L, 16L, 512L, 4L));
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 3)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1536L, 12L, 512L, 4L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, 0xF00D, 512L, 4L, 512L, 4L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_BLUE, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 512L, 4L, 0L, 0L, 0L));
+        mService.incrementOperationCount(UID_RED, 0xF00D, 10);
+
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+
+        // verify service recorded history
+        assertNetworkTotal(sTemplateImsi1, 2048L, 16L, 512L, 4L, 0);
+        assertNetworkTotal(sTemplateWifi, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateImsi1, UID_RED, 1536L, 12L, 512L, 4L, 10);
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateImsi1, UID_BLUE, 512L, 4L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+
+
+        // now switch networks; this also tests that we're okay with interfaces
+        // disappearing, to verify we don't count backwards.
+        incrementCurrentTime(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        states = new NetworkStateSnapshot[] {buildMobileState(IMSI_2)};
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 1)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 2048L, 16L, 512L, 4L));
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 3)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1536L, 12L, 512L, 4L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, 0xF00D, 512L, 4L, 512L, 4L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_BLUE, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 512L, 4L, 0L, 0L, 0L));
+
+        mService.notifyNetworkStatus(NETWORKS_MOBILE, states, getActiveIface(states),
+                new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[0]);
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+
+
+        // create traffic on second network
+        incrementCurrentTime(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 1)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 2176L, 17L, 1536L, 12L));
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 1)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1536L, 12L, 512L, 4L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, 0xF00D, 512L, 4L, 512L, 4L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_BLUE, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 640L, 5L, 1024L, 8L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_BLUE, SET_DEFAULT, 0xFAAD, 128L, 1L, 1024L, 8L, 0L));
+        mService.incrementOperationCount(UID_BLUE, 0xFAAD, 10);
+
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+
+        // verify original history still intact
+        assertNetworkTotal(sTemplateImsi1, 2048L, 16L, 512L, 4L, 0);
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateImsi1, UID_RED, 1536L, 12L, 512L, 4L, 10);
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateImsi1, UID_BLUE, 512L, 4L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+
+        // and verify new history also recorded under different template, which
+        // verifies that we didn't cross the streams.
+        assertNetworkTotal(sTemplateImsi2, 128L, 1L, 1024L, 8L, 0);
+        assertNetworkTotal(sTemplateWifi, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateImsi2, UID_BLUE, 128L, 1L, 1024L, 8L, 10);
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUidRemovedIsMoved() throws Exception {
+        // pretend that network comes online
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        NetworkStateSnapshot[] states = new NetworkStateSnapshot[] {buildWifiState()};
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+
+        mService.notifyNetworkStatus(NETWORKS_WIFI, states, getActiveIface(states),
+                new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[0]);
+
+        // create some traffic
+        incrementCurrentTime(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 1)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 4128L, 258L, 544L, 34L));
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 1)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 16L, 1L, 16L, 1L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, 0xFAAD, 16L, 1L, 16L, 1L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_BLUE, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                        4096L, 258L, 512L, 32L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_GREEN, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 16L, 1L, 16L, 1L, 0L));
+        mService.incrementOperationCount(UID_RED, 0xFAAD, 10);
+
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+
+        // verify service recorded history
+        assertNetworkTotal(sTemplateWifi, 4128L, 258L, 544L, 34L, 0);
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_RED, 16L, 1L, 16L, 1L, 10);
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_BLUE, 4096L, 258L, 512L, 32L, 0);
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_GREEN, 16L, 1L, 16L, 1L, 0);
+
+
+        // now pretend two UIDs are uninstalled, which should migrate stats to
+        // special "removed" bucket.
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 1)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 4128L, 258L, 544L, 34L));
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 1)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 16L, 1L, 16L, 1L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, 0xFAAD, 16L, 1L, 16L, 1L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_BLUE, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                        4096L, 258L, 512L, 32L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_GREEN, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 16L, 1L, 16L, 1L, 0L));
+        final Intent intent = new Intent(ACTION_UID_REMOVED);
+        intent.putExtra(EXTRA_UID, UID_BLUE);
+        mServiceContext.sendBroadcast(intent);
+        intent.putExtra(EXTRA_UID, UID_RED);
+        mServiceContext.sendBroadcast(intent);
+
+        // existing uid and total should remain unchanged; but removed UID
+        // should be gone completely.
+        assertNetworkTotal(sTemplateWifi, 4128L, 258L, 544L, 34L, 0);
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_RED, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_BLUE, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_GREEN, 16L, 1L, 16L, 1L, 0);
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_REMOVED, 4112L, 259L, 528L, 33L, 10);
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMobileStatsByRatType() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkTemplate template3g =
+                buildTemplateMobileWithRatType(null, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS,
+                METERED_YES);
+        final NetworkTemplate template4g =
+                buildTemplateMobileWithRatType(null, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE,
+                METERED_YES);
+        final NetworkTemplate template5g =
+                buildTemplateMobileWithRatType(null, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_NR,
+                METERED_YES);
+        final NetworkStateSnapshot[] states =
+                new NetworkStateSnapshot[]{buildMobileState(IMSI_1)};
+
+        // 3G network comes online.
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+
+        setMobileRatTypeAndWaitForIdle(TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS);
+        mService.notifyNetworkStatus(NETWORKS_MOBILE, states, getActiveIface(states),
+                new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[0]);
+
+        // Create some traffic.
+        incrementCurrentTime(MINUTE_IN_MILLIS);
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 1)
+                .addEntry(new NetworkStats.Entry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                        12L, 18L, 14L, 1L, 0L)));
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+
+        // Verify 3g templates gets stats.
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateImsi1, UID_RED, 12L, 18L, 14L, 1L, 0);
+        assertUidTotal(template3g, UID_RED, 12L, 18L, 14L, 1L, 0);
+        assertUidTotal(template4g, UID_RED, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+        assertUidTotal(template5g, UID_RED, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+
+        // 4G network comes online.
+        incrementCurrentTime(MINUTE_IN_MILLIS);
+        setMobileRatTypeAndWaitForIdle(TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE);
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 1)
+                // Append more traffic on existing 3g stats entry.
+                .addEntry(new NetworkStats.Entry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                        16L, 22L, 17L, 2L, 0L))
+                // Add entry that is new on 4g.
+                .addEntry(new NetworkStats.Entry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE,
+                        33L, 27L, 8L, 10L, 1L)));
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+
+        // Verify ALL_MOBILE template gets all. 3g template counters do not increase.
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateImsi1, UID_RED, 49L, 49L, 25L, 12L, 1);
+        assertUidTotal(template3g, UID_RED, 12L, 18L, 14L, 1L, 0);
+        // Verify 4g template counts appended stats on existing entry and newly created entry.
+        assertUidTotal(template4g, UID_RED, 4L + 33L, 4L + 27L, 3L + 8L, 1L + 10L, 1);
+        // Verify 5g template doesn't get anything since no traffic is generated on 5g.
+        assertUidTotal(template5g, UID_RED, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+
+        // 5g network comes online.
+        incrementCurrentTime(MINUTE_IN_MILLIS);
+        setMobileRatTypeAndWaitForIdle(TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_NR);
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 1)
+                // Existing stats remains.
+                .addEntry(new NetworkStats.Entry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                        16L, 22L, 17L, 2L, 0L))
+                .addEntry(new NetworkStats.Entry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE,
+                        33L, 27L, 8L, 10L, 1L))
+                // Add some traffic on 5g.
+                .addEntry(new NetworkStats.Entry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                5L, 13L, 31L, 9L, 2L)));
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+
+        // Verify ALL_MOBILE template gets all.
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateImsi1, UID_RED, 54L, 62L, 56L, 21L, 3);
+        // 3g/4g template counters do not increase.
+        assertUidTotal(template3g, UID_RED, 12L, 18L, 14L, 1L, 0);
+        assertUidTotal(template4g, UID_RED, 4L + 33L, 4L + 27L, 3L + 8L, 1L + 10L, 1);
+        // Verify 5g template gets the 5g count.
+        assertUidTotal(template5g, UID_RED, 5L, 13L, 31L, 9L, 2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMobileStatsMeteredness() throws Exception {
+        // Create metered 5g template.
+        final NetworkTemplate templateMetered5g =
+                buildTemplateMobileWithRatType(null, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_NR,
+                METERED_YES);
+        // Create non-metered 5g template
+        final NetworkTemplate templateNonMetered5g =
+                buildTemplateMobileWithRatType(null, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_NR, METERED_NO);
+
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+
+        // Pretend that 5g mobile network comes online
+        final NetworkStateSnapshot[] mobileStates =
+                new NetworkStateSnapshot[] {buildMobileState(IMSI_1), buildMobileState(TEST_IFACE2,
+                IMSI_1, true /* isTemporarilyNotMetered */, false /* isRoaming */)};
+        setMobileRatTypeAndWaitForIdle(TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_NR);
+        mService.notifyNetworkStatus(NETWORKS_MOBILE, mobileStates,
+                getActiveIface(mobileStates), new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[0]);
+
+        // Create some traffic
+        // Note that all traffic from NetworkManagementService is tagged as METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO
+        // and DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, because these three properties aren't tracked at that layer.
+        // They are layered on top by inspecting the iface properties.
+        incrementCurrentTime(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 1)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_YES, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 128L, 2L, 128L, 2L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE2, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_YES, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 256, 3L, 128L, 5L, 0L));
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+
+        // Verify service recorded history.
+        assertUidTotal(templateMetered5g, UID_RED, 128L, 2L, 128L, 2L, 0);
+        assertUidTotal(templateNonMetered5g, UID_RED, 256, 3L, 128L, 5L, 0);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMobileStatsOemManaged() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkTemplate templateOemPaid = new NetworkTemplate(MATCH_MOBILE_WILDCARD,
+                /*subscriberId=*/null, /*matchSubscriberIds=*/null,
+                /*matchWifiNetworkKeys=*/new String[0], METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL, OEM_PAID, SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT);
+
+        final NetworkTemplate templateOemPrivate = new NetworkTemplate(MATCH_MOBILE_WILDCARD,
+                /*subscriberId=*/null, /*matchSubscriberIds=*/null,
+                /*matchWifiNetworkKeys=*/new String[0], METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL, OEM_PRIVATE, SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT);
+
+        final NetworkTemplate templateOemAll = new NetworkTemplate(MATCH_MOBILE_WILDCARD,
+                /*subscriberId=*/null, /*matchSubscriberIds=*/null,
+                /*matchWifiNetworkKeys=*/new String[0], METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL, OEM_PAID | OEM_PRIVATE,
+                SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT);
+
+        final NetworkTemplate templateOemYes = new NetworkTemplate(MATCH_MOBILE_WILDCARD,
+                /*subscriberId=*/null, /*matchSubscriberIds=*/null,
+                /*matchWifiNetworkKeys=*/new String[0], METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL, OEM_MANAGED_YES,
+                SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT);
+
+        final NetworkTemplate templateOemNone = new NetworkTemplate(MATCH_MOBILE_WILDCARD,
+                /*subscriberId=*/null, /*matchSubscriberIds=*/null,
+                /*matchWifiNetworkKeys=*/new String[0], METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL, OEM_MANAGED_NO,
+                SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT);
+
+        // OEM_PAID network comes online.
+        NetworkStateSnapshot[] states = new NetworkStateSnapshot[]{
+                buildOemManagedMobileState(IMSI_1, false,
+                new int[]{NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID})};
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+        mService.notifyNetworkStatus(NETWORKS_MOBILE, states, getActiveIface(states),
+                new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[0]);
+
+        // Create some traffic.
+        incrementCurrentTime(MINUTE_IN_MILLIS);
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 1)
+                .addEntry(new NetworkStats.Entry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                        36L, 41L, 24L, 96L, 0L)));
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+
+        // OEM_PRIVATE network comes online.
+        states = new NetworkStateSnapshot[]{buildOemManagedMobileState(IMSI_1, false,
+                new int[]{NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE})};
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+        mService.notifyNetworkStatus(NETWORKS_MOBILE, states, getActiveIface(states),
+                new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[0]);
+
+        // Create some traffic.
+        incrementCurrentTime(MINUTE_IN_MILLIS);
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 1)
+                .addEntry(new NetworkStats.Entry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                        49L, 71L, 72L, 48L, 0L)));
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+
+        // OEM_PAID + OEM_PRIVATE network comes online.
+        states = new NetworkStateSnapshot[]{buildOemManagedMobileState(IMSI_1, false,
+                new int[]{NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE,
+                          NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID})};
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+        mService.notifyNetworkStatus(NETWORKS_MOBILE, states, getActiveIface(states),
+                new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[0]);
+
+        // Create some traffic.
+        incrementCurrentTime(MINUTE_IN_MILLIS);
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 1)
+                .addEntry(new NetworkStats.Entry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                        57L, 86L, 83L, 93L, 0L)));
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+
+        // OEM_NONE network comes online.
+        states = new NetworkStateSnapshot[]{buildOemManagedMobileState(IMSI_1, false, new int[]{})};
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+        mService.notifyNetworkStatus(NETWORKS_MOBILE, states, getActiveIface(states),
+                new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[0]);
+
+        // Create some traffic.
+        incrementCurrentTime(MINUTE_IN_MILLIS);
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 1)
+                .addEntry(new NetworkStats.Entry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                        29L, 73L, 34L, 31L, 0L)));
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+
+        // Verify OEM_PAID template gets only relevant stats.
+        assertUidTotal(templateOemPaid, UID_RED, 36L, 41L, 24L, 96L, 0);
+
+        // Verify OEM_PRIVATE template gets only relevant stats.
+        assertUidTotal(templateOemPrivate, UID_RED, 49L, 71L, 72L, 48L, 0);
+
+        // Verify OEM_PAID + OEM_PRIVATE template gets only relevant stats.
+        assertUidTotal(templateOemAll, UID_RED, 57L, 86L, 83L, 93L, 0);
+
+        // Verify OEM_NONE sees only non-OEM managed stats.
+        assertUidTotal(templateOemNone, UID_RED, 29L, 73L, 34L, 31L, 0);
+
+        // Verify OEM_MANAGED_YES sees all OEM managed stats.
+        assertUidTotal(templateOemYes, UID_RED,
+                36L + 49L + 57L,
+                41L + 71L + 86L,
+                24L + 72L + 83L,
+                96L + 48L + 93L, 0);
+
+        // Verify ALL_MOBILE template gets both OEM managed and non-OEM managed stats.
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateImsi1, UID_RED,
+                36L + 49L + 57L + 29L,
+                41L + 71L + 86L + 73L,
+                24L + 72L + 83L + 34L,
+                96L + 48L + 93L + 31L, 0);
+    }
+
+    // TODO: support per IMSI state
+    private void setMobileRatTypeAndWaitForIdle(int ratType) {
+        when(mNetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor.getRatTypeForSubscriberId(anyString()))
+                .thenReturn(ratType);
+        mService.handleOnCollapsedRatTypeChanged();
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandlerThread, WAIT_TIMEOUT);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSummaryForAllUid() throws Exception {
+        // pretend that network comes online
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        NetworkStateSnapshot[] states = new NetworkStateSnapshot[] {buildWifiState()};
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+
+        mService.notifyNetworkStatus(NETWORKS_WIFI, states, getActiveIface(states),
+                new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[0]);
+
+        // create some traffic for two apps
+        incrementCurrentTime(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 1)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 50L, 5L, 50L, 5L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, 0xF00D, 10L, 1L, 10L, 1L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_BLUE, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1024L, 8L, 512L, 4L, 0L));
+        mService.incrementOperationCount(UID_RED, 0xF00D, 1);
+
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+
+        // verify service recorded history
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_RED, 50L, 5L, 50L, 5L, 1);
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_BLUE, 1024L, 8L, 512L, 4L, 0);
+
+
+        // now create more traffic in next hour, but only for one app
+        incrementCurrentTime(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 1)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 50L, 5L, 50L, 5L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, 0xF00D, 10L, 1L, 10L, 1L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_BLUE, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                        2048L, 16L, 1024L, 8L, 0L));
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+
+        // first verify entire history present
+        NetworkStats stats = mSession.getSummaryForAllUid(
+                sTemplateWifi, Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE, true);
+        assertEquals(3, stats.size());
+        assertValues(stats, IFACE_ALL, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 50L, 5L, 50L, 5L, 1);
+        assertValues(stats, IFACE_ALL, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, 0xF00D, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 10L, 1L, 10L, 1L, 1);
+        assertValues(stats, IFACE_ALL, UID_BLUE, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 2048L, 16L, 1024L, 8L, 0);
+
+        // now verify that recent history only contains one uid
+        final long currentTime = currentTimeMillis();
+        stats = mSession.getSummaryForAllUid(
+                sTemplateWifi, currentTime - HOUR_IN_MILLIS, currentTime, true);
+        assertEquals(1, stats.size());
+        assertValues(stats, IFACE_ALL, UID_BLUE, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 1024L, 8L, 512L, 4L, 0);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUidStatsForTransport() throws Exception {
+        // pretend that network comes online
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        NetworkStateSnapshot[] states = new NetworkStateSnapshot[] {buildWifiState()};
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+
+        mService.notifyNetworkStatus(NETWORKS_WIFI, states, getActiveIface(states),
+                new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[0]);
+
+        NetworkStats.Entry entry1 = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 50L, 5L, 50L, 5L, 0L);
+        NetworkStats.Entry entry2 = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, 0xF00D, 50L, 5L, 50L, 5L, 0L);
+        NetworkStats.Entry entry3 = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                TEST_IFACE, UID_BLUE, SET_DEFAULT, 0xBEEF, 1024L, 8L, 512L, 4L, 0L);
+
+        incrementCurrentTime(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 3)
+                .insertEntry(entry1)
+                .insertEntry(entry2)
+                .insertEntry(entry3));
+        mService.incrementOperationCount(UID_RED, 0xF00D, 1);
+
+        NetworkStats stats = mService.getUidStatsForTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+
+        assertEquals(3, stats.size());
+        entry1.operations = 1;
+        assertEquals(entry1, stats.getValues(0, null));
+        entry2.operations = 1;
+        assertEquals(entry2, stats.getValues(1, null));
+        assertEquals(entry3, stats.getValues(2, null));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testForegroundBackground() throws Exception {
+        // pretend that network comes online
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        NetworkStateSnapshot[] states = new NetworkStateSnapshot[] {buildWifiState()};
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+
+        mService.notifyNetworkStatus(NETWORKS_WIFI, states, getActiveIface(states),
+                new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[0]);
+
+        // create some initial traffic
+        incrementCurrentTime(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 1)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 128L, 2L, 128L, 2L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, 0xF00D, 64L, 1L, 64L, 1L, 0L));
+        mService.incrementOperationCount(UID_RED, 0xF00D, 1);
+
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+
+        // verify service recorded history
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_RED, 128L, 2L, 128L, 2L, 1);
+
+
+        // now switch to foreground
+        incrementCurrentTime(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 1)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 128L, 2L, 128L, 2L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, 0xF00D, 64L, 1L, 64L, 1L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE, 32L, 2L, 32L, 2L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_FOREGROUND, 0xFAAD, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L));
+        mService.noteUidForeground(UID_RED, true);
+        verify(mUidCounterSetMap).updateEntry(
+                eq(new U32(UID_RED)), eq(new U8((short) SET_FOREGROUND)));
+        mService.incrementOperationCount(UID_RED, 0xFAAD, 1);
+
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+
+        // test that we combined correctly
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_RED, 160L, 4L, 160L, 4L, 2);
+
+        // verify entire history present
+        final NetworkStats stats = mSession.getSummaryForAllUid(
+                sTemplateWifi, Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE, true);
+        assertEquals(4, stats.size());
+        assertValues(stats, IFACE_ALL, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 128L, 2L, 128L, 2L, 1);
+        assertValues(stats, IFACE_ALL, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, 0xF00D, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 64L, 1L, 64L, 1L, 1);
+        assertValues(stats, IFACE_ALL, UID_RED, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 32L, 2L, 32L, 2L, 1);
+        assertValues(stats, IFACE_ALL, UID_RED, SET_FOREGROUND, 0xFAAD, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMetered() throws Exception {
+        // pretend that network comes online
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        NetworkStateSnapshot[] states =
+                new NetworkStateSnapshot[] {buildWifiState(true /* isMetered */, TEST_IFACE)};
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+
+        mService.notifyNetworkStatus(NETWORKS_WIFI, states, getActiveIface(states),
+                new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[0]);
+
+        // create some initial traffic
+        incrementCurrentTime(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
+        // Note that all traffic from NetworkManagementService is tagged as METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO
+        // and DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, because these three properties aren't tracked at that layer.
+        // We layer them on top by inspecting the iface properties.
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 1)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 128L, 2L, 128L, 2L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, 0xF00D, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 64L, 1L, 64L, 1L, 0L));
+        mService.incrementOperationCount(UID_RED, 0xF00D, 1);
+
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+
+        // verify service recorded history
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_RED, 128L, 2L, 128L, 2L, 1);
+        // verify entire history present
+        final NetworkStats stats = mSession.getSummaryForAllUid(
+                sTemplateWifi, Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE, true);
+        assertEquals(2, stats.size());
+        assertValues(stats, IFACE_ALL, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_YES, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES,  128L, 2L, 128L, 2L, 1);
+        assertValues(stats, IFACE_ALL, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, 0xF00D, METERED_YES, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 64L, 1L, 64L, 1L, 1);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRoaming() throws Exception {
+        // pretend that network comes online
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        NetworkStateSnapshot[] states =
+            new NetworkStateSnapshot[] {buildMobileState(TEST_IFACE, IMSI_1,
+            false /* isTemporarilyNotMetered */, true /* isRoaming */)};
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+
+        mService.notifyNetworkStatus(NETWORKS_MOBILE, states, getActiveIface(states),
+                new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[0]);
+
+        // Create some traffic
+        incrementCurrentTime(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
+        // Note that all traffic from NetworkManagementService is tagged as METERED_NO and
+        // ROAMING_NO, because metered and roaming isn't tracked at that layer. We layer it
+        // on top by inspecting the iface properties.
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 1)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES,  128L, 2L, 128L, 2L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, 0xF00D, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 64L, 1L, 64L, 1L, 0L));
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+
+        // verify service recorded history
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateImsi1, UID_RED, 128L, 2L, 128L, 2L, 0);
+
+        // verify entire history present
+        final NetworkStats stats = mSession.getSummaryForAllUid(
+                sTemplateImsi1, Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE, true);
+        assertEquals(2, stats.size());
+        assertValues(stats, IFACE_ALL, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_YES,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 128L, 2L, 128L, 2L, 0);
+        assertValues(stats, IFACE_ALL, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, 0xF00D, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_YES,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 64L, 1L, 64L, 1L, 0);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTethering() throws Exception {
+        // pretend first mobile network comes online
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        final NetworkStateSnapshot[] states =
+                new NetworkStateSnapshot[]{buildMobileState(IMSI_1)};
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+
+        mService.notifyNetworkStatus(NETWORKS_MOBILE, states, getActiveIface(states),
+                new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[0]);
+
+        // create some tethering traffic
+        incrementCurrentTime(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+
+        // Register custom provider and retrieve callback.
+        final TestableNetworkStatsProviderBinder provider =
+                new TestableNetworkStatsProviderBinder();
+        final INetworkStatsProviderCallback cb =
+                mService.registerNetworkStatsProvider("TEST-TETHERING-OFFLOAD", provider);
+        assertNotNull(cb);
+        final long now = getElapsedRealtime();
+
+        // Traffic seen by kernel counters (includes software tethering).
+        final NetworkStats swIfaceStats = new NetworkStats(now, 1)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 1536L, 12L, 384L, 3L);
+        // Hardware tethering traffic, not seen by kernel counters.
+        final NetworkStats tetherHwIfaceStats = new NetworkStats(now, 1)
+                .insertEntry(new NetworkStats.Entry(TEST_IFACE, UID_ALL, SET_DEFAULT,
+                        TAG_NONE, METERED_YES, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES,
+                        512L, 4L, 128L, 1L, 0L));
+        final NetworkStats tetherHwUidStats = new NetworkStats(now, 1)
+                .insertEntry(new NetworkStats.Entry(TEST_IFACE, UID_TETHERING, SET_DEFAULT,
+                        TAG_NONE, METERED_YES, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES,
+                        512L, 4L, 128L, 1L, 0L));
+        cb.notifyStatsUpdated(0 /* unused */, tetherHwIfaceStats, tetherHwUidStats);
+
+        // Fake some traffic done by apps on the device (as opposed to tethering), and record it
+        // into UID stats (as opposed to iface stats).
+        final NetworkStats localUidStats = new NetworkStats(now, 1)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 128L, 2L, 128L, 2L, 0L);
+        // Software per-uid tethering traffic.
+        final TetherStatsParcel[] tetherStatsParcels =
+                {buildTetherStatsParcel(TEST_IFACE, 1408L, 10L, 256L, 1L, 0)};
+
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(swIfaceStats);
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(localUidStats, tetherStatsParcels);
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+
+        // verify service recorded history
+        assertNetworkTotal(sTemplateImsi1, 2048L, 16L, 512L, 4L, 0);
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateImsi1, UID_RED, 128L, 2L, 128L, 2L, 0);
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateImsi1, UID_TETHERING, 1920L, 14L, 384L, 2L, 0);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRegisterUsageCallback() throws Exception {
+        // pretend that wifi network comes online; service should ask about full
+        // network state, and poll any existing interfaces before updating.
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        NetworkStateSnapshot[] states = new NetworkStateSnapshot[] {buildWifiState()};
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+
+        mService.notifyNetworkStatus(NETWORKS_WIFI, states, getActiveIface(states),
+                new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[0]);
+
+        // verify service has empty history for wifi
+        assertNetworkTotal(sTemplateWifi, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+        long thresholdInBytes = 1L;  // very small; should be overriden by framework
+        DataUsageRequest inputRequest = new DataUsageRequest(
+                DataUsageRequest.REQUEST_ID_UNSET, sTemplateWifi, thresholdInBytes);
+
+        // Force poll
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+
+        // Register and verify request and that binder was called
+        DataUsageRequest request = mService.registerUsageCallback(
+                mServiceContext.getOpPackageName(), inputRequest, mUsageCallback);
+        assertTrue(request.requestId > 0);
+        assertTrue(Objects.equals(sTemplateWifi, request.template));
+        long minThresholdInBytes = 2 * 1024 * 1024; // 2 MB
+        assertEquals(minThresholdInBytes, request.thresholdInBytes);
+
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandlerThread, WAIT_TIMEOUT);
+
+        // Make sure that the caller binder gets connected
+        verify(mUsageCallbackBinder).linkToDeath(any(IBinder.DeathRecipient.class), anyInt());
+
+        // modify some number on wifi, and trigger poll event
+        // not enough traffic to call data usage callback
+        incrementCurrentTime(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 1)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 1024L, 1L, 2048L, 2L));
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+
+        // verify service recorded history
+        assertNetworkTotal(sTemplateWifi, 1024L, 1L, 2048L, 2L, 0);
+
+        // make sure callback has not being called
+        mUsageCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // and bump forward again, with counters going higher. this is
+        // important, since it will trigger the data usage callback
+        incrementCurrentTime(DAY_IN_MILLIS);
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 1)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, 4096000L, 4L, 8192000L, 8L));
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+
+        // verify service recorded history
+        assertNetworkTotal(sTemplateWifi, 4096000L, 4L, 8192000L, 8L, 0);
+
+
+        // Wait for the caller to invoke expectOnThresholdReached.
+        mUsageCallback.expectOnThresholdReached(request);
+
+        // Allow binder to disconnect
+        when(mUsageCallbackBinder.unlinkToDeath(any(IBinder.DeathRecipient.class), anyInt()))
+                .thenReturn(true);
+
+        // Unregister request
+        mService.unregisterUsageRequest(request);
+
+        // Wait for the caller to invoke expectOnCallbackReleased.
+        mUsageCallback.expectOnCallbackReleased(request);
+
+        // Make sure that the caller binder gets disconnected
+        verify(mUsageCallbackBinder).unlinkToDeath(any(IBinder.DeathRecipient.class), anyInt());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUnregisterUsageCallback_unknown_noop() throws Exception {
+        String callingPackage = "the.calling.package";
+        long thresholdInBytes = 10 * 1024 * 1024;  // 10 MB
+        DataUsageRequest unknownRequest = new DataUsageRequest(
+                2 /* requestId */, sTemplateImsi1, thresholdInBytes);
+
+        mService.unregisterUsageRequest(unknownRequest);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStatsProviderUpdateStats() throws Exception {
+        // Pretend that network comes online.
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        final NetworkStateSnapshot[] states =
+                new NetworkStateSnapshot[]{buildWifiState(true /* isMetered */, TEST_IFACE)};
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+
+        // Register custom provider and retrieve callback.
+        final TestableNetworkStatsProviderBinder provider =
+                new TestableNetworkStatsProviderBinder();
+        final INetworkStatsProviderCallback cb =
+                mService.registerNetworkStatsProvider("TEST", provider);
+        assertNotNull(cb);
+
+        mService.notifyNetworkStatus(NETWORKS_WIFI, states, getActiveIface(states),
+                new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[0]);
+
+        // Verifies that one requestStatsUpdate will be called during iface update.
+        provider.expectOnRequestStatsUpdate(0 /* unused */);
+
+        // Create some initial traffic and report to the service.
+        incrementCurrentTime(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        final NetworkStats expectedStats = new NetworkStats(0L, 1)
+                .addEntry(new NetworkStats.Entry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT,
+                        TAG_NONE, METERED_YES, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES,
+                        128L, 2L, 128L, 2L, 1L))
+                .addEntry(new NetworkStats.Entry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT,
+                        0xF00D, METERED_YES, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES,
+                        64L, 1L, 64L, 1L, 1L));
+        cb.notifyStatsUpdated(0 /* unused */, expectedStats, expectedStats);
+
+        // Make another empty mutable stats object. This is necessary since the new NetworkStats
+        // object will be used to compare with the old one in NetworkStatsRecoder, two of them
+        // cannot be the same object.
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+
+        // Verifies that one requestStatsUpdate and setAlert will be called during polling.
+        provider.expectOnRequestStatsUpdate(0 /* unused */);
+        provider.expectOnSetAlert(MB_IN_BYTES);
+
+        // Verifies that service recorded history, does not verify uid tag part.
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_RED, 128L, 2L, 128L, 2L, 1);
+
+        // Verifies that onStatsUpdated updates the stats accordingly.
+        final NetworkStats stats = mSession.getSummaryForAllUid(
+                sTemplateWifi, Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE, true);
+        assertEquals(2, stats.size());
+        assertValues(stats, IFACE_ALL, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_YES, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 128L, 2L, 128L, 2L, 1L);
+        assertValues(stats, IFACE_ALL, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, 0xF00D, METERED_YES, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 64L, 1L, 64L, 1L, 1L);
+
+        // Verifies that unregister the callback will remove the provider from service.
+        cb.unregister();
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+        provider.assertNoCallback();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDualVilteProviderStats() throws Exception {
+        // Pretend that network comes online.
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        final int subId1 = 1;
+        final int subId2 = 2;
+        final NetworkStateSnapshot[] states = new NetworkStateSnapshot[]{
+                buildImsState(IMSI_1, subId1, TEST_IFACE),
+                buildImsState(IMSI_2, subId2, TEST_IFACE2)};
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+
+        // Register custom provider and retrieve callback.
+        final TestableNetworkStatsProviderBinder provider =
+                new TestableNetworkStatsProviderBinder();
+        final INetworkStatsProviderCallback cb =
+                mService.registerNetworkStatsProvider("TEST", provider);
+        assertNotNull(cb);
+
+        mService.notifyNetworkStatus(NETWORKS_MOBILE, states, getActiveIface(states),
+                new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[0]);
+
+        // Verifies that one requestStatsUpdate will be called during iface update.
+        provider.expectOnRequestStatsUpdate(0 /* unused */);
+
+        // Create some initial traffic and report to the service.
+        incrementCurrentTime(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        final String vtIface1 = NetworkStats.IFACE_VT + subId1;
+        final String vtIface2 = NetworkStats.IFACE_VT + subId2;
+        final NetworkStats expectedStats = new NetworkStats(0L, 1)
+                .addEntry(new NetworkStats.Entry(vtIface1, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT,
+                        TAG_NONE, METERED_YES, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES,
+                        128L, 2L, 128L, 2L, 1L))
+                .addEntry(new NetworkStats.Entry(vtIface2, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT,
+                        TAG_NONE, METERED_YES, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES,
+                        64L, 1L, 64L, 1L, 1L));
+        cb.notifyStatsUpdated(0 /* unused */, expectedStats, expectedStats);
+
+        // Make another empty mutable stats object. This is necessary since the new NetworkStats
+        // object will be used to compare with the old one in NetworkStatsRecoder, two of them
+        // cannot be the same object.
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+
+        // Verifies that one requestStatsUpdate and setAlert will be called during polling.
+        provider.expectOnRequestStatsUpdate(0 /* unused */);
+        provider.expectOnSetAlert(MB_IN_BYTES);
+
+        // Verifies that service recorded history, does not verify uid tag part.
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateImsi1, UID_RED, 128L, 2L, 128L, 2L, 1);
+
+        // Verifies that onStatsUpdated updates the stats accordingly.
+        NetworkStats stats = mSession.getSummaryForAllUid(
+                sTemplateImsi1, Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE, true);
+        assertEquals(1, stats.size());
+        assertValues(stats, IFACE_ALL, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_YES, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 128L, 2L, 128L, 2L, 1L);
+
+        stats = mSession.getSummaryForAllUid(
+                sTemplateImsi2, Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE, true);
+        assertEquals(1, stats.size());
+        assertValues(stats, IFACE_ALL, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_YES, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 64L, 1L, 64L, 1L, 1L);
+
+        // Verifies that unregister the callback will remove the provider from service.
+        cb.unregister();
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+        provider.assertNoCallback();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStatsProviderSetAlert() throws Exception {
+        // Pretend that network comes online.
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        NetworkStateSnapshot[] states =
+                new NetworkStateSnapshot[]{buildWifiState(true /* isMetered */, TEST_IFACE)};
+        mService.notifyNetworkStatus(NETWORKS_WIFI, states, getActiveIface(states),
+                new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[0]);
+
+        // Register custom provider and retrieve callback.
+        final TestableNetworkStatsProviderBinder provider =
+                new TestableNetworkStatsProviderBinder();
+        final INetworkStatsProviderCallback cb =
+                mService.registerNetworkStatsProvider("TEST", provider);
+        assertNotNull(cb);
+
+        // Simulates alert quota of the provider has been reached.
+        cb.notifyAlertReached();
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandlerThread, WAIT_TIMEOUT);
+
+        // Verifies that polling is triggered by alert reached.
+        provider.expectOnRequestStatsUpdate(0 /* unused */);
+        // Verifies that global alert will be re-armed.
+        provider.expectOnSetAlert(MB_IN_BYTES);
+    }
+
+    private void setCombineSubtypeEnabled(boolean enable) {
+        when(mSettings.getCombineSubtypeEnabled()).thenReturn(enable);
+        mHandler.post(() -> mContentObserver.onChange(false, Settings.Global
+                    .getUriFor(Settings.Global.NETSTATS_COMBINE_SUBTYPE_ENABLED)));
+        waitForIdle();
+        if (enable) {
+            verify(mNetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor).stop();
+        } else {
+            verify(mNetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor).start();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDynamicWatchForNetworkRatTypeChanges() throws Exception {
+        // Build 3G template, type unknown template to get stats while network type is unknown
+        // and type all template to get the sum of all network type stats.
+        final NetworkTemplate template3g =
+                buildTemplateMobileWithRatType(null, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS,
+                METERED_YES);
+        final NetworkTemplate templateUnknown =
+                buildTemplateMobileWithRatType(null, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN,
+                METERED_YES);
+        final NetworkTemplate templateAll =
+                buildTemplateMobileWithRatType(null, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL, METERED_YES);
+        final NetworkStateSnapshot[] states =
+                new NetworkStateSnapshot[]{buildMobileState(IMSI_1)};
+
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+
+        // 3G network comes online.
+        setMobileRatTypeAndWaitForIdle(TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS);
+        mService.notifyNetworkStatus(NETWORKS_MOBILE, states, getActiveIface(states),
+                new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[0]);
+
+        // Create some traffic.
+        incrementCurrentTime(MINUTE_IN_MILLIS);
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 1)
+                .addEntry(new NetworkStats.Entry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                        12L, 18L, 14L, 1L, 0L)));
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+
+        // Since CombineSubtypeEnabled is false by default in unit test, the generated traffic
+        // will be split by RAT type. Verify 3G templates gets stats, while template with unknown
+        // RAT type gets nothing, and template with NETWORK_TYPE_ALL gets all stats.
+        assertUidTotal(template3g, UID_RED, 12L, 18L, 14L, 1L, 0);
+        assertUidTotal(templateUnknown, UID_RED, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+        assertUidTotal(templateAll, UID_RED, 12L, 18L, 14L, 1L, 0);
+
+        // Stop monitoring data usage per RAT type changes NetworkStatsService records data
+        // to {@link TelephonyManager#NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN}.
+        setCombineSubtypeEnabled(true);
+
+        // Call handleOnCollapsedRatTypeChanged manually to simulate the callback fired
+        // when stopping monitor, this is needed by NetworkStatsService to trigger
+        // handleNotifyNetworkStatus.
+        mService.handleOnCollapsedRatTypeChanged();
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandlerThread, WAIT_TIMEOUT);
+        // Create some traffic.
+        incrementCurrentTime(MINUTE_IN_MILLIS);
+        // Append more traffic on existing snapshot.
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 1)
+                .addEntry(new NetworkStats.Entry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                        12L + 4L, 18L + 4L, 14L + 3L, 1L + 1L, 0L))
+                .addEntry(new NetworkStats.Entry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE,
+                        35L, 29L, 7L, 11L, 1L)));
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+
+        // Verify 3G counters do not increase, while template with unknown RAT type gets new
+        // traffic and template with NETWORK_TYPE_ALL gets all stats.
+        assertUidTotal(template3g, UID_RED, 12L, 18L, 14L, 1L, 0);
+        assertUidTotal(templateUnknown, UID_RED, 4L + 35L, 4L + 29L, 3L + 7L, 1L + 11L, 1);
+        assertUidTotal(templateAll, UID_RED, 16L + 35L, 22L + 29L, 17L + 7L, 2L + 11L, 1);
+
+        // Start monitoring data usage per RAT type changes and NetworkStatsService records data
+        // by a granular subtype representative of the actual subtype
+        setCombineSubtypeEnabled(false);
+
+        mService.handleOnCollapsedRatTypeChanged();
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandlerThread, WAIT_TIMEOUT);
+        // Create some traffic.
+        incrementCurrentTime(MINUTE_IN_MILLIS);
+        // Append more traffic on existing snapshot.
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 1)
+                .addEntry(new NetworkStats.Entry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                        22L, 26L, 19L, 5L, 0L))
+                .addEntry(new NetworkStats.Entry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE,
+                        35L, 29L, 7L, 11L, 1L)));
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+
+        // Verify traffic is split by RAT type, no increase on template with unknown RAT type
+        // and template with NETWORK_TYPE_ALL gets all stats.
+        assertUidTotal(template3g, UID_RED, 6L + 12L , 4L + 18L, 2L + 14L, 3L + 1L, 0);
+        assertUidTotal(templateUnknown, UID_RED, 4L + 35L, 4L + 29L, 3L + 7L, 1L + 11L, 1);
+        assertUidTotal(templateAll, UID_RED, 22L + 35L, 26L + 29L, 19L + 7L, 5L + 11L, 1);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOperationCount_nonDefault_traffic() throws Exception {
+        // Pretend mobile network comes online, but wifi is the default network.
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        NetworkStateSnapshot[] states = new NetworkStateSnapshot[]{
+                buildWifiState(true /*isMetered*/, TEST_IFACE2), buildMobileState(IMSI_1)};
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+        mService.notifyNetworkStatus(NETWORKS_WIFI, states, getActiveIface(states),
+                new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[0]);
+
+        // Create some traffic on mobile network.
+        incrementCurrentTime(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 4)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 2L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES, 1L, 3L, 2L, 1L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, 0xF00D, 5L, 4L, 1L, 4L, 0L));
+        // Increment operation count, which must have a specific tag.
+        mService.incrementOperationCount(UID_RED, 0xF00D, 2);
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+
+        // Verify mobile summary is not changed by the operation count.
+        final NetworkTemplate templateMobile =
+                buildTemplateMobileWithRatType(null, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL, METERED_YES);
+        final NetworkStats statsMobile = mSession.getSummaryForAllUid(
+                templateMobile, Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE, true);
+        assertValues(statsMobile, IFACE_ALL, UID_RED, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 3L, 4L, 5L, 5L, 0);
+        assertValues(statsMobile, IFACE_ALL, UID_RED, SET_ALL, 0xF00D, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 5L, 4L, 1L, 4L, 0);
+
+        // Verify the operation count is blamed onto the default network.
+        // TODO: Blame onto the default network is not very reasonable. Consider blame onto the
+        //  network that generates the traffic.
+        final NetworkTemplate templateWifi = buildTemplateWifiWildcard();
+        final NetworkStats statsWifi = mSession.getSummaryForAllUid(
+                templateWifi, Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE, true);
+        assertValues(statsWifi, IFACE_ALL, UID_RED, SET_ALL, 0xF00D, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTetheringEventCallback_onUpstreamChanged() throws Exception {
+        // Register custom provider and retrieve callback.
+        final TestableNetworkStatsProviderBinder provider =
+                new TestableNetworkStatsProviderBinder();
+        final INetworkStatsProviderCallback cb =
+                mService.registerNetworkStatsProvider("TEST-TETHERING-OFFLOAD", provider);
+        assertNotNull(cb);
+        provider.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // Post upstream changed event, verify the service will pull for stats.
+        mTetheringEventCallback.onUpstreamChanged(WIFI_NETWORK);
+        provider.expectOnRequestStatsUpdate(0 /* unused */);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verify the service will throw exceptions if the template is location sensitive but
+     * the permission is not granted.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testEnforceTemplateLocationPermission() throws Exception {
+        when(mLocationPermissionChecker.checkCallersLocationPermission(
+                any(), any(), anyInt(), anyBoolean(), any())).thenReturn(false);
+        initWifiStats(buildWifiState(true, TEST_IFACE, IMSI_1));
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () ->
+                assertNetworkTotal(sTemplateWifi, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0));
+        // Templates w/o wifi network keys can query stats as usual.
+        assertNetworkTotal(sTemplateCarrierWifi1, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+        assertNetworkTotal(sTemplateImsi1, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+
+        when(mLocationPermissionChecker.checkCallersLocationPermission(
+                any(), any(), anyInt(), anyBoolean(), any())).thenReturn(true);
+        assertNetworkTotal(sTemplateCarrierWifi1, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+        assertNetworkTotal(sTemplateWifi, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+        assertNetworkTotal(sTemplateImsi1, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+    }
+
+    private static File getBaseDir(File statsDir) {
+        File baseDir = new File(statsDir, "netstats");
+        baseDir.mkdirs();
+        return baseDir;
+    }
+
+    private void assertNetworkTotal(NetworkTemplate template, long rxBytes, long rxPackets,
+            long txBytes, long txPackets, int operations) throws Exception {
+        assertNetworkTotal(template, Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE, rxBytes, rxPackets, txBytes,
+                txPackets, operations);
+    }
+
+    private void assertNetworkTotal(NetworkTemplate template, long start, long end, long rxBytes,
+            long rxPackets, long txBytes, long txPackets, int operations) throws Exception {
+        // verify history API
+        final NetworkStatsHistory history =
+                mSession.getHistoryIntervalForNetwork(template, FIELD_ALL, start, end);
+        assertValues(history, start, end, rxBytes, rxPackets, txBytes, txPackets, operations);
+
+        // verify summary API
+        final NetworkStats stats = mSession.getSummaryForNetwork(template, start, end);
+        assertValues(stats, IFACE_ALL, UID_ALL, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL,  rxBytes, rxPackets, txBytes, txPackets, operations);
+    }
+
+    private void assertUidTotal(NetworkTemplate template, int uid, long rxBytes, long rxPackets,
+            long txBytes, long txPackets, int operations) throws Exception {
+        assertUidTotal(template, uid, SET_ALL, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL,
+                rxBytes, rxPackets, txBytes, txPackets, operations);
+    }
+
+    private void assertUidTotal(NetworkTemplate template, int uid, int set, int metered,
+            int roaming, int defaultNetwork, long rxBytes, long rxPackets, long txBytes,
+            long txPackets, int operations) throws Exception {
+        // verify history API
+        final NetworkStatsHistory history = mSession.getHistoryForUid(
+                template, uid, set, TAG_NONE, FIELD_ALL);
+        assertValues(history, Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE, rxBytes, rxPackets, txBytes,
+                txPackets, operations);
+
+        // verify summary API
+        final NetworkStats stats = mSession.getSummaryForAllUid(
+                template, Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE, false);
+        assertValues(stats, IFACE_ALL, uid, set, TAG_NONE, metered, roaming, defaultNetwork,
+                rxBytes, rxPackets, txBytes, txPackets, operations);
+    }
+
+    private void expectSystemReady() throws Exception {
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
+    }
+
+    private String getActiveIface(NetworkStateSnapshot... states) throws Exception {
+        if (states == null || states.length == 0 || states[0].getLinkProperties() == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return states[0].getLinkProperties().getInterfaceName();
+    }
+
+    // TODO: These expect* methods are used to have NetworkStatsService returns the given stats
+    //       instead of expecting anything. Therefore, these methods should be renamed properly.
+    private void expectNetworkStatsSummary(NetworkStats summary) throws Exception {
+        expectNetworkStatsSummaryDev(summary.clone());
+        expectNetworkStatsSummaryXt(summary.clone());
+    }
+
+    private void expectNetworkStatsSummaryDev(NetworkStats summary) throws Exception {
+        when(mStatsFactory.readNetworkStatsSummaryDev()).thenReturn(summary);
+    }
+
+    private void expectNetworkStatsSummaryXt(NetworkStats summary) throws Exception {
+        when(mStatsFactory.readNetworkStatsSummaryXt()).thenReturn(summary);
+    }
+
+    private void expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(NetworkStats detail) throws Exception {
+        final TetherStatsParcel[] tetherStatsParcels = {};
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(detail, tetherStatsParcels);
+    }
+
+    private void expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(NetworkStats detail,
+            TetherStatsParcel[] tetherStatsParcels) throws Exception {
+        when(mStatsFactory.readNetworkStatsDetail(UID_ALL, INTERFACES_ALL, TAG_ALL))
+                .thenReturn(detail);
+
+        // also include tethering details, since they are folded into UID
+        when(mNetd.tetherGetStats()).thenReturn(tetherStatsParcels);
+    }
+
+    private void expectDefaultSettings() throws Exception {
+        expectSettings(0L, HOUR_IN_MILLIS, WEEK_IN_MILLIS);
+    }
+
+    private void expectSettings(long persistBytes, long bucketDuration, long deleteAge)
+            throws Exception {
+        when(mSettings.getPollInterval()).thenReturn(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        when(mSettings.getPollDelay()).thenReturn(0L);
+        when(mSettings.getSampleEnabled()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mSettings.getCombineSubtypeEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
+
+        final Config config = new Config(bucketDuration, deleteAge, deleteAge);
+        when(mSettings.getDevConfig()).thenReturn(config);
+        when(mSettings.getXtConfig()).thenReturn(config);
+        when(mSettings.getUidConfig()).thenReturn(config);
+        when(mSettings.getUidTagConfig()).thenReturn(config);
+
+        when(mSettings.getGlobalAlertBytes(anyLong())).thenReturn(MB_IN_BYTES);
+        when(mSettings.getDevPersistBytes(anyLong())).thenReturn(MB_IN_BYTES);
+        when(mSettings.getXtPersistBytes(anyLong())).thenReturn(MB_IN_BYTES);
+        when(mSettings.getUidPersistBytes(anyLong())).thenReturn(MB_IN_BYTES);
+        when(mSettings.getUidTagPersistBytes(anyLong())).thenReturn(MB_IN_BYTES);
+    }
+
+    private void assertStatsFilesExist(boolean exist) {
+        final File basePath = new File(mStatsDir, "netstats");
+        if (exist) {
+            assertTrue(basePath.list().length > 0);
+        } else {
+            assertTrue(basePath.list().length == 0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void assertValues(NetworkStatsHistory stats, long start, long end, long rxBytes,
+            long rxPackets, long txBytes, long txPackets, int operations) {
+        final NetworkStatsHistory.Entry entry = stats.getValues(start, end, null);
+        assertEquals("unexpected rxBytes", rxBytes, entry.rxBytes);
+        assertEquals("unexpected rxPackets", rxPackets, entry.rxPackets);
+        assertEquals("unexpected txBytes", txBytes, entry.txBytes);
+        assertEquals("unexpected txPackets", txPackets, entry.txPackets);
+        assertEquals("unexpected operations", operations, entry.operations);
+    }
+
+    private static NetworkStateSnapshot buildWifiState() {
+        return buildWifiState(false, TEST_IFACE, null);
+    }
+
+    private static NetworkStateSnapshot buildWifiState(boolean isMetered, @NonNull String iface) {
+        return buildWifiState(isMetered, iface, null);
+    }
+
+    private static NetworkStateSnapshot buildWifiState(boolean isMetered, @NonNull String iface,
+            String subscriberId) {
+        final LinkProperties prop = new LinkProperties();
+        prop.setInterfaceName(iface);
+        final NetworkCapabilities capabilities = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        capabilities.setCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED, !isMetered);
+        capabilities.setCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING, true);
+        capabilities.addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        capabilities.setTransportInfo(sWifiInfo);
+        return new NetworkStateSnapshot(WIFI_NETWORK, capabilities, prop, subscriberId, TYPE_WIFI);
+    }
+
+    private static NetworkStateSnapshot buildMobileState(String subscriberId) {
+        return buildMobileState(TEST_IFACE, subscriberId, false /* isTemporarilyNotMetered */,
+                false /* isRoaming */);
+    }
+
+    private static NetworkStateSnapshot buildMobileState(String iface, String subscriberId,
+            boolean isTemporarilyNotMetered, boolean isRoaming) {
+        final LinkProperties prop = new LinkProperties();
+        prop.setInterfaceName(iface);
+        final NetworkCapabilities capabilities = new NetworkCapabilities();
+
+        if (isTemporarilyNotMetered) {
+            capabilities.addCapability(
+                    NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED);
+        }
+        capabilities.setCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING, !isRoaming);
+        capabilities.addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        return new NetworkStateSnapshot(
+                MOBILE_NETWORK, capabilities, prop, subscriberId, TYPE_MOBILE);
+    }
+
+    private NetworkStats buildEmptyStats() {
+        return new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 0);
+    }
+
+    private static NetworkStateSnapshot buildOemManagedMobileState(
+            String subscriberId, boolean isRoaming, int[] oemNetCapabilities) {
+        final LinkProperties prop = new LinkProperties();
+        prop.setInterfaceName(TEST_IFACE);
+        final NetworkCapabilities capabilities = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        capabilities.setCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED, false);
+        capabilities.setCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING, !isRoaming);
+        for (int nc : oemNetCapabilities) {
+            capabilities.setCapability(nc, true);
+        }
+        capabilities.addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        return new NetworkStateSnapshot(MOBILE_NETWORK, capabilities, prop, subscriberId,
+                TYPE_MOBILE);
+    }
+
+    private static NetworkStateSnapshot buildImsState(
+            String subscriberId, int subId, String ifaceName) {
+        final LinkProperties prop = new LinkProperties();
+        prop.setInterfaceName(ifaceName);
+        final NetworkCapabilities capabilities = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        capabilities.setCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED, true);
+        capabilities.setCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING, true);
+        capabilities.setCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_IMS, true);
+        capabilities.addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        capabilities.setNetworkSpecifier(new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier(subId));
+        return new NetworkStateSnapshot(
+                MOBILE_NETWORK, capabilities, prop, subscriberId, TYPE_MOBILE);
+    }
+
+    private long getElapsedRealtime() {
+        return mElapsedRealtime;
+    }
+
+    private long startTimeMillis() {
+        return TEST_START;
+    }
+
+    private long currentTimeMillis() {
+        return startTimeMillis() + mElapsedRealtime;
+    }
+
+    private void incrementCurrentTime(long duration) {
+        mElapsedRealtime += duration;
+    }
+
+    private void forcePollAndWaitForIdle() {
+        mServiceContext.sendBroadcast(new Intent(ACTION_NETWORK_STATS_POLL));
+        waitForIdle();
+    }
+
+    private void waitForIdle() {
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandlerThread, WAIT_TIMEOUT);
+    }
+
+    private boolean cookieTagMapContainsUid(int uid) throws ErrnoException {
+        final AtomicBoolean found = new AtomicBoolean();
+        mCookieTagMap.forEach((k, v) -> {
+            if (v.uid == uid) {
+                found.set(true);
+            }
+        });
+        return found.get();
+    }
+
+    private static <K extends StatsMapKey, V extends StatsMapValue> boolean statsMapContainsUid(
+            TestBpfMap<K, V> map, int uid) throws ErrnoException {
+        final AtomicBoolean found = new AtomicBoolean();
+        map.forEach((k, v) -> {
+            if (k.uid == uid) {
+                found.set(true);
+            }
+        });
+        return found.get();
+    }
+
+    private void initBpfMapsWithTagData(int uid) throws ErrnoException {
+        // key needs to be unique, use some offset from uid.
+        mCookieTagMap.insertEntry(new CookieTagMapKey(1000 + uid), new CookieTagMapValue(uid, 1));
+        mCookieTagMap.insertEntry(new CookieTagMapKey(2000 + uid), new CookieTagMapValue(uid, 2));
+
+        mStatsMapA.insertEntry(new StatsMapKey(uid, 1, 0, 10), new StatsMapValue(5, 5000, 3, 3000));
+        mStatsMapA.insertEntry(new StatsMapKey(uid, 2, 0, 10), new StatsMapValue(5, 5000, 3, 3000));
+
+        mStatsMapB.insertEntry(new StatsMapKey(uid, 1, 0, 10), new StatsMapValue(0, 0, 0, 0));
+
+        mAppUidStatsMap.insertEntry(new UidStatsMapKey(uid), new StatsMapValue(10, 10000, 6, 6000));
+
+        mUidCounterSetMap.insertEntry(new U32(uid), new U8((short) 1));
+
+        assertTrue(cookieTagMapContainsUid(uid));
+        assertTrue(statsMapContainsUid(mStatsMapA, uid));
+        assertTrue(statsMapContainsUid(mStatsMapB, uid));
+        assertTrue(mAppUidStatsMap.containsKey(new UidStatsMapKey(uid)));
+        assertTrue(mUidCounterSetMap.containsKey(new U32(uid)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRemovingUidRemovesTagDataForUid() throws ErrnoException {
+        initBpfMapsWithTagData(UID_BLUE);
+        initBpfMapsWithTagData(UID_RED);
+
+        final Intent intent = new Intent(ACTION_UID_REMOVED);
+        intent.putExtra(EXTRA_UID, UID_BLUE);
+        mServiceContext.sendBroadcast(intent);
+
+        // assert that all UID_BLUE related tag data has been removed from the maps.
+        assertFalse(cookieTagMapContainsUid(UID_BLUE));
+        assertFalse(statsMapContainsUid(mStatsMapA, UID_BLUE));
+        assertFalse(statsMapContainsUid(mStatsMapB, UID_BLUE));
+        assertFalse(mAppUidStatsMap.containsKey(new UidStatsMapKey(UID_BLUE)));
+        assertFalse(mUidCounterSetMap.containsKey(new U32(UID_BLUE)));
+
+        // assert that UID_RED related tag data is still in the maps.
+        assertTrue(cookieTagMapContainsUid(UID_RED));
+        assertTrue(statsMapContainsUid(mStatsMapA, UID_RED));
+        assertTrue(statsMapContainsUid(mStatsMapB, UID_RED));
+        assertTrue(mAppUidStatsMap.containsKey(new UidStatsMapKey(UID_RED)));
+        assertTrue(mUidCounterSetMap.containsKey(new U32(UID_RED)));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitorTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitorTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d34609
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitorTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,401 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.net;
+
+import static android.telephony.TelephonyDisplayInfo.OVERRIDE_NETWORK_TYPE_NONE;
+import static android.telephony.TelephonyDisplayInfo.OVERRIDE_NETWORK_TYPE_NR_NSA;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.anyInt;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.clearInvocations;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager;
+import android.telephony.TelephonyDisplayInfo;
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
+import android.util.SparseArray;
+
+import com.android.internal.util.CollectionUtils;
+import com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor.RatTypeListener;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public final class NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitorTest {
+    private static final int TEST_SUBID1 = 3;
+    private static final int TEST_SUBID2 = 5;
+    private static final String TEST_IMSI1 = "466921234567890";
+    private static final String TEST_IMSI2 = "466920987654321";
+    private static final String TEST_IMSI3 = "466929999999999";
+
+    @Mock private Context mContext;
+    @Mock private SubscriptionManager mSubscriptionManager;
+    @Mock private TelephonyManager mTelephonyManager;
+    private final SparseArray<TelephonyManager> mTelephonyManagerOfSub = new SparseArray<>();
+    private final SparseArray<RatTypeListener> mRatTypeListenerOfSub = new SparseArray<>();
+    @Mock private NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor.Delegate mDelegate;
+    private final List<Integer> mTestSubList = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    private final Executor mExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
+    private NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor mMonitor;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+
+        // TODO(b/213280079): Start a different thread and prepare the looper, create the monitor
+        //  on that thread instead of using the test main thread looper.
+        if (Looper.myLooper() == null) {
+            Looper.prepare();
+        }
+
+        when(mContext.getSystemService(eq(Context.TELEPHONY_SUBSCRIPTION_SERVICE)))
+                .thenReturn(mSubscriptionManager);
+        when(mContext.getSystemService(eq(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE)))
+                .thenReturn(mTelephonyManager);
+
+        mMonitor = new NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor(mContext, mExecutor, mDelegate);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartStop() {
+        // Verify that addOnSubscriptionsChangedListener() is never called before start().
+        verify(mSubscriptionManager, never())
+                .addOnSubscriptionsChangedListener(mExecutor, mMonitor);
+        mMonitor.start();
+        verify(mSubscriptionManager).addOnSubscriptionsChangedListener(mExecutor, mMonitor);
+
+        // Verify that removeOnSubscriptionsChangedListener() is never called before stop()
+        verify(mSubscriptionManager, never()).removeOnSubscriptionsChangedListener(mMonitor);
+        mMonitor.stop();
+        verify(mSubscriptionManager).removeOnSubscriptionsChangedListener(mMonitor);
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    private static int[] convertArrayListToIntArray(@NonNull List<Integer> arrayList) {
+        final int[] list = new int[arrayList.size()];
+        for (int i = 0; i < arrayList.size(); i++) {
+            list[i] = arrayList.get(i);
+        }
+        return list;
+    }
+
+    private TelephonyDisplayInfo makeTelephonyDisplayInfo(
+            int networkType, int overrideNetworkType) {
+        // Create from parcel since final classes cannot be mocked and there is no exposed public
+        // constructors.
+        Parcel p = Parcel.obtain();
+        p.writeInt(networkType);
+        p.writeInt(overrideNetworkType);
+
+        p.setDataPosition(0);
+        return TelephonyDisplayInfo.CREATOR.createFromParcel(p);
+    }
+
+    private void setRatTypeForSub(int subId, int type) {
+        setRatTypeForSub(subId, type, OVERRIDE_NETWORK_TYPE_NONE);
+    }
+
+    private void setRatTypeForSub(int subId, int type, int overrideType) {
+        final TelephonyDisplayInfo displayInfo = makeTelephonyDisplayInfo(type, overrideType);
+        final RatTypeListener match = mRatTypeListenerOfSub.get(subId);
+        if (match == null) {
+            fail("Could not find listener with subId: " + subId);
+        }
+        match.onDisplayInfoChanged(displayInfo);
+    }
+
+    private void addTestSub(int subId, String subscriberId) {
+        // add SubId to TestSubList.
+        if (mTestSubList.contains(subId)) fail("The subscriber list already contains this ID");
+
+        mTestSubList.add(subId);
+
+        final int[] subList = convertArrayListToIntArray(mTestSubList);
+        when(mSubscriptionManager.getCompleteActiveSubscriptionIdList()).thenReturn(subList);
+        updateSubscriberIdForTestSub(subId, subscriberId);
+    }
+
+    private void updateSubscriberIdForTestSub(int subId, @Nullable final String subscriberId) {
+        final TelephonyManager telephonyManagerOfSub;
+        if (mTelephonyManagerOfSub.contains(subId)) {
+            telephonyManagerOfSub = mTelephonyManagerOfSub.get(subId);
+        } else {
+            telephonyManagerOfSub = mock(TelephonyManager.class);
+            mTelephonyManagerOfSub.put(subId, telephonyManagerOfSub);
+        }
+        when(telephonyManagerOfSub.getSubscriberId()).thenReturn(subscriberId);
+        when(mTelephonyManager.createForSubscriptionId(subId)).thenReturn(telephonyManagerOfSub);
+        mMonitor.onSubscriptionsChanged();
+    }
+
+    private void assertAndCaptureRatTypeListenerRegistration(int subId) {
+        final ArgumentCaptor<RatTypeListener> ratTypeListenerCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(RatTypeListener.class);
+        verify(mTelephonyManagerOfSub.get(subId))
+                .registerTelephonyCallback(any(), ratTypeListenerCaptor.capture());
+        final RatTypeListener listener = CollectionUtils
+                .find(ratTypeListenerCaptor.getAllValues(), it -> it.getSubId() == subId);
+        assertNotNull(listener);
+        mRatTypeListenerOfSub.put(subId, listener);
+    }
+
+    private void removeTestSub(int subId) {
+        // Remove subId from TestSubList.
+        mTestSubList.removeIf(it -> it == subId);
+        final int[] subList = convertArrayListToIntArray(mTestSubList);
+        when(mSubscriptionManager.getCompleteActiveSubscriptionIdList()).thenReturn(subList);
+        mMonitor.onSubscriptionsChanged();
+        assertRatTypeListenerDeregistration(subId);
+        mRatTypeListenerOfSub.delete(subId);
+        mTelephonyManagerOfSub.delete(subId);
+    }
+
+    private void assertRatTypeListenerDeregistration(int subId) {
+        verify(mTelephonyManagerOfSub.get(subId))
+                .unregisterTelephonyCallback(eq(mRatTypeListenerOfSub.get(subId)));
+    }
+
+    private void assertRatTypeChangedForSub(String subscriberId, int ratType) {
+        assertEquals(ratType, mMonitor.getRatTypeForSubscriberId(subscriberId));
+        final ArgumentCaptor<Integer> typeCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Integer.class);
+        // Verify callback with the subscriberId and the RAT type should be as expected.
+        // It will fail if get a callback with an unexpected RAT type.
+        verify(mDelegate).onCollapsedRatTypeChanged(eq(subscriberId), typeCaptor.capture());
+        final int type = typeCaptor.getValue();
+        assertEquals(ratType, type);
+    }
+
+    private void assertRatTypeNotChangedForSub(String subscriberId, int ratType) {
+        assertEquals(mMonitor.getRatTypeForSubscriberId(subscriberId), ratType);
+        // Should never get callback with any RAT type.
+        verify(mDelegate, never()).onCollapsedRatTypeChanged(eq(subscriberId), anyInt());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSubChangedAndRatTypeChanged() {
+        mMonitor.start();
+        // Insert sim1, verify RAT type is NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN, and never get any callback
+        // before changing RAT type.
+        addTestSub(TEST_SUBID1, TEST_IMSI1);
+        assertRatTypeNotChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
+
+        // Insert sim2.
+        addTestSub(TEST_SUBID2, TEST_IMSI2);
+        assertRatTypeNotChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
+        assertAndCaptureRatTypeListenerRegistration(TEST_SUBID1);
+        assertAndCaptureRatTypeListenerRegistration(TEST_SUBID2);
+        reset(mDelegate);
+
+        // Set RAT type of sim1 to UMTS.
+        // Verify RAT type of sim1 after subscription gets onCollapsedRatTypeChanged() callback
+        // and others remain untouched.
+        setRatTypeForSub(TEST_SUBID1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS);
+        assertRatTypeChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS);
+        assertRatTypeNotChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI2, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
+        assertRatTypeNotChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI3, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
+        reset(mDelegate);
+
+        // Set RAT type of sim2 to LTE.
+        // Verify RAT type of sim2 after subscription gets onCollapsedRatTypeChanged() callback
+        // and others remain untouched.
+        setRatTypeForSub(TEST_SUBID2, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE);
+        assertRatTypeNotChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS);
+        assertRatTypeChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI2, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE);
+        assertRatTypeNotChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI3, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
+        reset(mDelegate);
+
+        // Remove sim2 and verify that callbacks are fired and RAT type is correct for sim2.
+        // while the other two remain untouched.
+        removeTestSub(TEST_SUBID2);
+        assertRatTypeNotChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS);
+        assertRatTypeChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI2, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
+        assertRatTypeNotChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI3, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
+        reset(mDelegate);
+
+        // Set RAT type of sim1 to UNKNOWN. Then stop monitoring subscription changes
+        // and verify that the listener for sim1 is removed.
+        setRatTypeForSub(TEST_SUBID1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
+        assertRatTypeChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
+        reset(mDelegate);
+
+        mMonitor.stop();
+        assertRatTypeListenerDeregistration(TEST_SUBID1);
+        assertRatTypeChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
+    }
+
+
+    @Test
+    public void test5g() {
+        mMonitor.start();
+        // Insert sim1, verify RAT type is NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN, and never get any callback
+        // before changing RAT type. Also capture listener for later use.
+        addTestSub(TEST_SUBID1, TEST_IMSI1);
+        assertRatTypeNotChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
+        assertAndCaptureRatTypeListenerRegistration(TEST_SUBID1);
+        final RatTypeListener listener = mRatTypeListenerOfSub.get(TEST_SUBID1);
+
+        // Set RAT type to 5G NSA (non-standalone) mode, verify the monitor outputs
+        // NETWORK_TYPE_5G_NSA.
+        setRatTypeForSub(TEST_SUBID1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE,
+                OVERRIDE_NETWORK_TYPE_NR_NSA);
+        assertRatTypeChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, NetworkStatsManager.NETWORK_TYPE_5G_NSA);
+        reset(mDelegate);
+
+        // Set RAT type to LTE without NR connected, the RAT type should be downgraded to LTE.
+        setRatTypeForSub(TEST_SUBID1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE,
+                OVERRIDE_NETWORK_TYPE_NONE);
+        assertRatTypeChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE);
+        reset(mDelegate);
+
+        // Verify NR connected with other RAT type does not take effect.
+        // This should not be happened in practice.
+        setRatTypeForSub(TEST_SUBID1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS,
+                OVERRIDE_NETWORK_TYPE_NR_NSA);
+        assertRatTypeChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS);
+        reset(mDelegate);
+
+        // Set RAT type to 5G standalone mode, the RAT type should be NR.
+        setRatTypeForSub(TEST_SUBID1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_NR);
+        assertRatTypeChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_NR);
+        reset(mDelegate);
+
+        // Set NR state to none in standalone mode does not change anything.
+        setRatTypeForSub(TEST_SUBID1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_NR, OVERRIDE_NETWORK_TYPE_NONE);
+        assertRatTypeNotChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_NR);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSubscriberIdUnavailable() {
+        mMonitor.start();
+        // Insert sim1, set subscriberId to null which is normal in SIM PIN locked case.
+        // Verify RAT type is NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN and service will not perform listener
+        // registration.
+        addTestSub(TEST_SUBID1, null);
+        verify(mTelephonyManagerOfSub.get(TEST_SUBID1), never()).listen(any(), anyInt());
+        assertRatTypeNotChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
+
+        // Set IMSI for sim1, verify the listener will be registered.
+        updateSubscriberIdForTestSub(TEST_SUBID1, TEST_IMSI1);
+        assertAndCaptureRatTypeListenerRegistration(TEST_SUBID1);
+        reset(mTelephonyManager);
+
+        // Set RAT type of sim1 to UMTS. Verify RAT type of sim1 is changed.
+        setRatTypeForSub(TEST_SUBID1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS);
+        assertRatTypeChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS);
+        reset(mDelegate);
+
+        // Set IMSI to null again to simulate somehow IMSI is not available, such as
+        // modem crash. Verify service should unregister listener.
+        updateSubscriberIdForTestSub(TEST_SUBID1, null);
+        assertRatTypeListenerDeregistration(TEST_SUBID1);
+        assertRatTypeChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
+        reset(mDelegate);
+        clearInvocations(mTelephonyManagerOfSub.get(TEST_SUBID1));
+
+        // Simulate somehow IMSI is back. Verify service will register with
+        // another listener and fire callback accordingly.
+        final ArgumentCaptor<RatTypeListener> ratTypeListenerCaptor2 =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(RatTypeListener.class);
+        updateSubscriberIdForTestSub(TEST_SUBID1, TEST_IMSI1);
+        assertAndCaptureRatTypeListenerRegistration(TEST_SUBID1);
+        assertRatTypeNotChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
+        reset(mDelegate);
+        clearInvocations(mTelephonyManagerOfSub.get(TEST_SUBID1));
+
+        // Set RAT type of sim1 to LTE. Verify RAT type of sim1 still works.
+        setRatTypeForSub(TEST_SUBID1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE);
+        assertRatTypeChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE);
+        reset(mDelegate);
+
+        mMonitor.stop();
+        assertRatTypeListenerDeregistration(TEST_SUBID1);
+        assertRatTypeChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verify that when IMSI suddenly changed for a given subId, the service will register a new
+     * listener and unregister the old one, and report changes on updated IMSI. This is for modem
+     * feature that may be enabled for certain carrier, which changes to use a different IMSI while
+     * roaming on certain networks for multi-IMSI SIM cards, but the subId stays the same.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSubscriberIdChanged() {
+        mMonitor.start();
+        // Insert sim1, verify RAT type is NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN, and never get any callback
+        // before changing RAT type.
+        addTestSub(TEST_SUBID1, TEST_IMSI1);
+        assertAndCaptureRatTypeListenerRegistration(TEST_SUBID1);
+        assertRatTypeNotChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
+
+        // Set RAT type of sim1 to UMTS.
+        // Verify RAT type of sim1 changes accordingly.
+        setRatTypeForSub(TEST_SUBID1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS);
+        assertRatTypeChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS);
+        reset(mDelegate);
+        clearInvocations(mTelephonyManagerOfSub.get(TEST_SUBID1));
+
+        // Simulate IMSI of sim1 changed to IMSI2. Verify the service will register with
+        // another listener and remove the old one. The RAT type of new IMSI stays at
+        // NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN until received initial callback from telephony.
+        updateSubscriberIdForTestSub(TEST_SUBID1, TEST_IMSI2);
+        final RatTypeListener oldListener = mRatTypeListenerOfSub.get(TEST_SUBID1);
+        assertAndCaptureRatTypeListenerRegistration(TEST_SUBID1);
+        verify(mTelephonyManagerOfSub.get(TEST_SUBID1), times(1))
+                .unregisterTelephonyCallback(eq(oldListener));
+        assertRatTypeChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
+        assertRatTypeNotChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI2, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
+        reset(mDelegate);
+
+        // Set RAT type of sim1 to UMTS for new listener to simulate the initial callback received
+        // from telephony after registration. Verify RAT type of sim1 changes with IMSI2
+        // accordingly.
+        setRatTypeForSub(TEST_SUBID1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS);
+        assertRatTypeNotChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
+        assertRatTypeChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI2, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS);
+        reset(mDelegate);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/TestableUsageCallback.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/TestableUsageCallback.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1917ec3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/TestableUsageCallback.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.net
+
+import android.net.DataUsageRequest
+import android.net.netstats.IUsageCallback
+import android.os.IBinder
+import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit
+import kotlin.test.fail
+
+private const val DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS = 200L
+
+// TODO: Move the class to static libs once all downstream have IUsageCallback definition.
+class TestableUsageCallback(private val binder: IBinder) : IUsageCallback.Stub() {
+    sealed class CallbackType(val request: DataUsageRequest) {
+        class OnThresholdReached(request: DataUsageRequest) : CallbackType(request)
+        class OnCallbackReleased(request: DataUsageRequest) : CallbackType(request)
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Change to use ArrayTrackRecord once moved into to the module.
+    private val history = LinkedBlockingQueue<CallbackType>()
+
+    override fun onThresholdReached(request: DataUsageRequest) {
+        history.add(CallbackType.OnThresholdReached(request))
+    }
+
+    override fun onCallbackReleased(request: DataUsageRequest) {
+        history.add(CallbackType.OnCallbackReleased(request))
+    }
+
+    fun expectOnThresholdReached(request: DataUsageRequest) {
+        expectCallback<CallbackType.OnThresholdReached>(request, DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS)
+    }
+
+    fun expectOnCallbackReleased(request: DataUsageRequest) {
+        expectCallback<CallbackType.OnCallbackReleased>(request, DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS)
+    }
+
+    @JvmOverloads
+    fun assertNoCallback(timeout: Long = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS) {
+        val cb = history.poll(timeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
+        cb?.let { fail("Expected no callback but got $cb") }
+    }
+
+    // Expects a callback of the specified request on the specified network within the timeout.
+    // If no callback arrives, or a different callback arrives, fail.
+    private inline fun <reified T : CallbackType> expectCallback(
+        expectedRequest: DataUsageRequest,
+        timeoutMs: Long
+    ) {
+        history.poll(timeoutMs, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS).let {
+            if (it !is T || it.request != expectedRequest) {
+                fail("Unexpected callback : $it," +
+                        " expected ${T::class} with Request[$expectedRequest]")
+            } else {
+                it
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun asBinder(): IBinder {
+        return binder
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/ipmemorystore/NetworkAttributesTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/ipmemorystore/NetworkAttributesTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f3efed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/ipmemorystore/NetworkAttributesTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.net.ipmemorystore;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import android.net.ipmemorystore.NetworkAttributes;
+import android.net.networkstack.aidl.quirks.IPv6ProvisioningLossQuirk;
+import android.os.Build;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+/** Unit tests for {@link NetworkAttributes}. */
+@SmallTest
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+public class NetworkAttributesTest {
+    private static final String WEIGHT_FIELD_NAME_PREFIX = "WEIGHT_";
+    private static final float EPSILON = 0.0001f;
+
+    // This is running two tests to make sure the total weight is the sum of all weights. To be
+    // sure this is not fireproof, but you'd kind of need to do it on purpose to pass.
+    @Test
+    public void testTotalWeight() throws IllegalAccessException, UnknownHostException {
+        // Make sure that TOTAL_WEIGHT is equal to the sum of the fields starting with WEIGHT_
+        float sum = 0f;
+        final Field[] fieldList = NetworkAttributes.class.getDeclaredFields();
+        for (final Field field : fieldList) {
+            if (!field.getName().startsWith(WEIGHT_FIELD_NAME_PREFIX)) continue;
+            field.setAccessible(true);
+            sum += (float) field.get(null);
+        }
+        assertEquals(sum, NetworkAttributes.TOTAL_WEIGHT, EPSILON);
+
+        final IPv6ProvisioningLossQuirk ipv6ProvisioningLossQuirk =
+                new IPv6ProvisioningLossQuirk(3, System.currentTimeMillis() + 7_200_000);
+        // Use directly the constructor with all attributes, and make sure that when compared
+        // to itself the score is a clean 1.0f.
+        final NetworkAttributes na =
+                new NetworkAttributes(
+                        (Inet4Address) Inet4Address.getByAddress(new byte[] {1, 2, 3, 4}),
+                        System.currentTimeMillis() + 7_200_000,
+                        "some hint",
+                        Arrays.asList(Inet4Address.getByAddress(new byte[] {5, 6, 7, 8}),
+                                Inet4Address.getByAddress(new byte[] {9, 0, 1, 2})),
+                        98, ipv6ProvisioningLossQuirk);
+        assertEquals(1.0f, na.getNetworkGroupSamenessConfidence(na), EPSILON);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/jni/Android.bp b/tests/unit/jni/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..616da81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/jni/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "libnetworkstatsfactorytestjni",
+
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wno-unused-parameter",
+        "-Wthread-safety",
+    ],
+
+    header_libs: ["bpf_connectivity_headers"],
+
+    srcs: [
+        ":lib_networkStatsFactory_native",
+        "test_onload.cpp",
+    ],
+
+    shared_libs: [
+        "liblog",
+        "libnativehelper",
+        "libnetdutils",
+        "libnetworkstats",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "libandroid_net_frameworktests_util_jni",
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wno-unused-parameter",
+        "-Wthread-safety",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "android_net_frameworktests_util/onload.cpp",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libnet_utils_device_common_bpfjni",
+        "libtcutils",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "liblog",
+        "libnativehelper",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/jni/android_net_frameworktests_util/onload.cpp b/tests/unit/jni/android_net_frameworktests_util/onload.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..06a3986
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/jni/android_net_frameworktests_util/onload.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <nativehelper/JNIHelp.h>
+#include "jni.h"
+
+#define LOG_TAG "NetFrameworkTestsJni"
+#include <android/log.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+int register_com_android_net_module_util_BpfMap(JNIEnv* env, char const* class_name);
+int register_com_android_net_module_util_TcUtils(JNIEnv* env, char const* class_name);
+
+extern "C" jint JNI_OnLoad(JavaVM* vm, void*) {
+    JNIEnv *env;
+    if (vm->GetEnv(reinterpret_cast<void**>(&env), JNI_VERSION_1_6) != JNI_OK) {
+        __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_FATAL, LOG_TAG, "ERROR: GetEnv failed");
+        return JNI_ERR;
+    }
+
+    if (register_com_android_net_module_util_BpfMap(env,
+            "android/net/frameworktests/util/BpfMap") < 0) return JNI_ERR;
+
+    if (register_com_android_net_module_util_TcUtils(env,
+            "android/net/frameworktests/util/TcUtils") < 0) return JNI_ERR;
+
+    return JNI_VERSION_1_6;
+}
+
+}; // namespace android
diff --git a/tests/unit/jni/test_onload.cpp b/tests/unit/jni/test_onload.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5194ddb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/jni/test_onload.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * this is a mini native libaray for NetworkStatsFactoryTest to run properly. It
+ * load all the native method related to NetworkStatsFactory when test run
+ */
+#include <nativehelper/JNIHelp.h>
+#include "jni.h"
+#include "utils/Log.h"
+#include "utils/misc.h"
+
+namespace android {
+int register_android_server_net_NetworkStatsFactory(JNIEnv* env);
+};
+
+using namespace android;
+
+extern "C" jint JNI_OnLoad(JavaVM* vm, void* /* reserved */)
+{
+    JNIEnv* env = NULL;
+    jint result = -1;
+
+    if (vm->GetEnv((void**) &env, JNI_VERSION_1_4) != JNI_OK) {
+        ALOGE("GetEnv failed!");
+        return result;
+    }
+    ALOG_ASSERT(env, "Could not retrieve the env!");
+    register_android_server_net_NetworkStatsFactory(env);
+    return JNI_VERSION_1_4;
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/res/raw/history_v1 b/tests/unit/res/raw/history_v1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de79491
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/res/raw/history_v1
Binary files differ
diff --git a/tests/unit/res/raw/net_dev_typical b/tests/unit/res/raw/net_dev_typical
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..290bf03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/res/raw/net_dev_typical
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+Inter-|   Receive                                                |  Transmit
+ face |bytes    packets errs drop fifo frame compressed multicast|bytes    packets errs drop fifo colls carrier compressed
+    lo:    8308     116    0    0    0     0          0         0     8308     116    0    0    0     0       0          0
+rmnet0: 1507570    2205    0    0    0     0          0         0   489339    2237    0    0    0     0       0          0
+  ifb0:   52454     151    0  151    0     0          0         0        0       0    0    0    0     0       0          0
+  ifb1:   52454     151    0  151    0     0          0         0        0       0    0    0    0     0       0          0
+  sit0:       0       0    0    0    0     0          0         0        0       0  148    0    0     0       0          0
+ip6tnl0:       0       0    0    0    0     0          0         0        0       0  151  151    0     0       0          0
diff --git a/tests/unit/res/raw/netstats_uid_v16 b/tests/unit/res/raw/netstats_uid_v16
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a6ee430
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/res/raw/netstats_uid_v16
Binary files differ
diff --git a/tests/unit/res/raw/netstats_uid_v4 b/tests/unit/res/raw/netstats_uid_v4
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e75fc1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/res/raw/netstats_uid_v4
Binary files differ
diff --git a/tests/unit/res/raw/netstats_v1 b/tests/unit/res/raw/netstats_v1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e80860a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/res/raw/netstats_v1
Binary files differ
diff --git a/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_iface_fmt_typical b/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_iface_fmt_typical
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..656d5bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_iface_fmt_typical
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+ifname total_skb_rx_bytes total_skb_rx_packets total_skb_tx_bytes total_skb_tx_packets
+rmnet2 4968 35 3081 39
+rmnet1 11153922 8051 190226 2468
+rmnet0 6824 16 5692 10
diff --git a/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_iface_typical b/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_iface_typical
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..610723a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_iface_typical
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+rmnet3 1 0 0 0 0 20822 501 1149991 815
+rmnet2 1 0 0 0 0 1594 15 1313 15
+rmnet1 1 0 0 0 0 207398 458 166918 565
+rmnet0 1 0 0 0 0 2112 24 700 10
+test1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
+test2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
diff --git a/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_typical b/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_typical
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c1b0d25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_typical
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+idx iface acct_tag_hex uid_tag_int cnt_set rx_bytes rx_packets tx_bytes tx_packets rx_tcp_bytes rx_tcp_packets rx_udp_bytes rx_udp_packets rx_other_bytes rx_other_packets tx_tcp_bytes tx_tcp_packets tx_udp_bytes tx_udp_packets tx_other_bytes tx_other_packets
+2 wlan0 0x0 0 0 18621 96 2898 44 312 6 15897 58 2412 32 312 6 1010 16 1576 22
+3 wlan0 0x0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+4 wlan0 0x0 1000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+5 wlan0 0x0 1000 1 1949 13 1078 14 0 0 1600 10 349 3 0 0 600 10 478 4
+6 wlan0 0x0 10005 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+7 wlan0 0x0 10005 1 32081 38 5315 50 32081 38 0 0 0 0 5315 50 0 0 0 0
+8 wlan0 0x0 10011 0 35777 53 5718 57 0 0 0 0 35777 53 0 0 0 0 5718 57
+9 wlan0 0x0 10011 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+10 wlan0 0x0 10014 0 0 0 1098 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1098 13
+11 wlan0 0x0 10014 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+12 wlan0 0x0 10021 0 562386 573 49228 549 0 0 0 0 562386 573 0 0 0 0 49228 549
+13 wlan0 0x0 10021 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+14 wlan0 0x0 10031 0 3425 5 586 6 0 0 0 0 3425 5 0 0 0 0 586 6
+15 wlan0 0x0 10031 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+16 wlan0 0x7fffff0100000000 10021 0 562386 573 49228 549 0 0 0 0 562386 573 0 0 0 0 49228 549
+17 wlan0 0x7fffff0100000000 10021 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+18 wlan0 0x7fffff0100000000 10031 0 3425 5 586 6 0 0 0 0 3425 5 0 0 0 0 586 6
+19 wlan0 0x7fffff0100000000 10031 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+20 rmnet2 0x0 0 0 547 5 118 2 40 1 243 1 264 3 0 0 62 1 56 1
+21 rmnet2 0x0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+22 rmnet2 0x0 10001 0 1125899906842624 5 984 11 632 5 0 0 0 0 984 11 0 0 0 0
+23 rmnet2 0x0 10001 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+24 rmnet1 0x0 0 0 26736 174 7098 130 7210 97 18382 64 1144 13 2932 64 4054 64 112 2
+25 rmnet1 0x0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+26 rmnet1 0x0 1000 0 75774 77 18038 78 75335 72 439 5 0 0 17668 73 370 5 0 0
+27 rmnet1 0x0 1000 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+28 rmnet1 0x0 10007 0 269945 578 111632 586 269945 578 0 0 0 0 111632 586 0 0 0 0
+29 rmnet1 0x0 10007 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+30 rmnet1 0x0 10011 0 1741256 6918 769778 7019 1741256 6918 0 0 0 0 769778 7019 0 0 0 0
+31 rmnet1 0x0 10011 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+32 rmnet1 0x0 10014 0 0 0 786 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 786 12 0 0 0 0
+33 rmnet1 0x0 10014 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+34 rmnet1 0x0 10021 0 433533 1454 393420 1604 433533 1454 0 0 0 0 393420 1604 0 0 0 0
+35 rmnet1 0x0 10021 1 21215 33 10278 33 21215 33 0 0 0 0 10278 33 0 0 0 0
+36 rmnet1 0x0 10036 0 6310 25 3284 29 6310 25 0 0 0 0 3284 29 0 0 0 0
+37 rmnet1 0x0 10036 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+38 rmnet1 0x0 10047 0 34264 47 3936 34 34264 47 0 0 0 0 3936 34 0 0 0 0
+39 rmnet1 0x0 10047 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+40 rmnet1 0x4e7700000000 10011 0 9187 27 4248 33 9187 27 0 0 0 0 4248 33 0 0 0 0
+41 rmnet1 0x4e7700000000 10011 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+42 rmnet1 0x1000000000000000 10007 0 2109 4 791 4 2109 4 0 0 0 0 791 4 0 0 0 0
+43 rmnet1 0x1000000000000000 10007 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+44 rmnet1 0x1000000400000000 10007 0 9811 22 6286 22 9811 22 0 0 0 0 6286 22 0 0 0 0
+45 rmnet1 0x1000000400000000 10007 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+46 rmnet1 0x1010000000000000 10021 0 164833 426 135392 527 164833 426 0 0 0 0 135392 527 0 0 0 0
+47 rmnet1 0x1010000000000000 10021 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+48 rmnet1 0x1144000400000000 10011 0 10112 18 3334 17 10112 18 0 0 0 0 3334 17 0 0 0 0
+49 rmnet1 0x1144000400000000 10011 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+50 rmnet1 0x1244000400000000 10011 0 1300 3 848 2 1300 3 0 0 0 0 848 2 0 0 0 0
+51 rmnet1 0x1244000400000000 10011 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+52 rmnet1 0x3000000000000000 10007 0 10389 14 1521 12 10389 14 0 0 0 0 1521 12 0 0 0 0
+53 rmnet1 0x3000000000000000 10007 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+54 rmnet1 0x3000000400000000 10007 0 238070 380 93938 404 238070 380 0 0 0 0 93938 404 0 0 0 0
+55 rmnet1 0x3000000400000000 10007 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+56 rmnet1 0x3010000000000000 10021 0 219110 578 227423 676 219110 578 0 0 0 0 227423 676 0 0 0 0
+57 rmnet1 0x3010000000000000 10021 1 742 3 1265 3 742 3 0 0 0 0 1265 3 0 0 0 0
+58 rmnet1 0x3020000000000000 10021 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+59 rmnet1 0x3020000000000000 10021 1 20473 30 9013 30 20473 30 0 0 0 0 9013 30 0 0 0 0
+60 rmnet1 0x3144000400000000 10011 0 43963 92 34414 116 43963 92 0 0 0 0 34414 116 0 0 0 0
+61 rmnet1 0x3144000400000000 10011 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+62 rmnet1 0x3244000400000000 10011 0 3486 8 1520 9 3486 8 0 0 0 0 1520 9 0 0 0 0
+63 rmnet1 0x3244000400000000 10011 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+64 rmnet1 0x7fffff0100000000 10021 0 29102 56 8865 60 29102 56 0 0 0 0 8865 60 0 0 0 0
+65 rmnet1 0x7fffff0100000000 10021 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+66 rmnet1 0x7fffff0300000000 1000 0 995 13 14145 14 995 13 0 0 0 0 14145 14 0 0 0 0
+67 rmnet1 0x7fffff0300000000 1000 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+68 rmnet0 0x0 0 0 4312 49 1288 23 0 0 0 0 4312 49 0 0 0 0 1288 23
+69 rmnet0 0x0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+70 rmnet0 0x0 10080 0 22266 30 20976 30 0 0 0 0 22266 30 0 0 0 0 20976 30
+71 rmnet0 0x0 10080 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
diff --git a/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_vpn_incorrect_iface b/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_vpn_incorrect_iface
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc92715
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_vpn_incorrect_iface
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+idx iface acct_tag_hex uid_tag_int cnt_set rx_bytes rx_packets tx_bytes tx_packets rx_tcp_bytes rx_tcp_packets rx_udp_bytes rx_udp_packets rx_other_bytes rx_other_packets tx_tcp_bytes tx_tcp_packets tx_udp_bytes tx_udp_packets tx_other_bytes tx_other_packets
+2 test_nss_tun0 0x0 1001 0 1000 100 1000 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+3 test1 0x0 1004 0 1100 100 1100 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_vpn_one_underlying b/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_vpn_one_underlying
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ef1889
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_vpn_one_underlying
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+idx iface acct_tag_hex uid_tag_int cnt_set rx_bytes rx_packets tx_bytes tx_packets rx_tcp_bytes rx_tcp_packets rx_udp_bytes rx_udp_packets rx_other_bytes rx_other_packets tx_tcp_bytes tx_tcp_packets tx_udp_bytes tx_udp_packets tx_other_bytes tx_other_packets
+2 test_nss_tun0 0x0 1001 0 2000 200 1000 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+3 test_nss_tun0 0x0 1002 0 1000 100 500 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+4 test0 0x0 1004 0 3300 300 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+5 test0 0x0 1004 1 0 0 1650 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_vpn_one_underlying_compression b/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_vpn_one_underlying_compression
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d6bf55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_vpn_one_underlying_compression
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+idx iface acct_tag_hex uid_tag_int cnt_set rx_bytes rx_packets tx_bytes tx_packets rx_tcp_bytes rx_tcp_packets rx_udp_bytes rx_udp_packets rx_other_bytes rx_other_packets tx_tcp_bytes tx_tcp_packets tx_udp_bytes tx_udp_packets tx_other_bytes tx_other_packets
+2 test_nss_tun0 0x0 1001 0 1000 100 1000 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+3 test_nss_tun0 0x0 1002 0 3000 300 3000 300 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+4 test0 0x0 1004 0 1000 100 1000 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_vpn_one_underlying_own_traffic b/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_vpn_one_underlying_own_traffic
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c2e5d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_vpn_one_underlying_own_traffic
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+idx iface acct_tag_hex uid_tag_int cnt_set rx_bytes rx_packets tx_bytes tx_packets rx_tcp_bytes rx_tcp_packets rx_udp_bytes rx_udp_packets rx_other_bytes rx_other_packets tx_tcp_bytes tx_tcp_packets tx_udp_bytes tx_udp_packets tx_other_bytes tx_other_packets
+2 test_nss_tun0 0x0 1001 0 2000 200 1000 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+3 test_nss_tun0 0x0 1002 0 1000 100 500 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+4 test_nss_tun0 0x0 1004 0 5000 500 6000 600 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+5 test0 0x0 1004 0 8800 800 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+6 test0 0x0 1004 1 0 0 8250 750 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_vpn_one_underlying_two_vpn b/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_vpn_one_underlying_two_vpn
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb0513b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_vpn_one_underlying_two_vpn
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+idx iface acct_tag_hex uid_tag_int cnt_set rx_bytes rx_packets tx_bytes tx_packets rx_tcp_bytes rx_tcp_packets rx_udp_bytes rx_udp_packets rx_other_bytes rx_other_packets tx_tcp_bytes tx_tcp_packets tx_udp_bytes tx_udp_packets tx_other_bytes tx_other_packets
+2 test_nss_tun0 0x0 1001 0 2000 200 1000 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+3 test_nss_tun0 0x0 1002 0 1000 100 500 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+4 test_nss_tun1 0x0 1001 0 3000 300 700 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+5 test_nss_tun1 0x0 1002 0 500 50 250 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+6 test0 0x0 1004 0 3300 300 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+7 test0 0x0 1004 1 0 0 1650 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+8 test1 0x0 1004 0 3850 350 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+9 test1 0x0 1004 1 0 0 1045 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_vpn_rewrite_through_self b/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_vpn_rewrite_through_self
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..afcdd71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_vpn_rewrite_through_self
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+idx iface acct_tag_hex uid_tag_int cnt_set rx_bytes rx_packets tx_bytes tx_packets rx_tcp_bytes rx_tcp_packets rx_udp_bytes rx_udp_packets rx_other_bytes rx_other_packets tx_tcp_bytes tx_tcp_packets tx_udp_bytes tx_udp_packets tx_other_bytes tx_other_packets
+2 test_nss_tun0 0x0 1001 0 2000 200 1000 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+3 test_nss_tun0 0x0 1002 0 1000 100 500 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+4 test_nss_tun0 0x0 1004 0 0 0 1600 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+5 test0 0x0 1004 1 0 0 1760 176 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+6 test0 0x0 1004 0 3300 300 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_vpn_two_underlying_duplication b/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_vpn_two_underlying_duplication
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7c7eb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_vpn_two_underlying_duplication
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+idx iface acct_tag_hex uid_tag_int cnt_set rx_bytes rx_packets tx_bytes tx_packets rx_tcp_bytes rx_tcp_packets rx_udp_bytes rx_udp_packets rx_other_bytes rx_other_packets tx_tcp_bytes tx_tcp_packets tx_udp_bytes tx_udp_packets tx_other_bytes tx_other_packets
+2 test_nss_tun0 0x0 1001 0 1000 100 1000 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+3 test_nss_tun0 0x0 1002 0 1000 100 1000 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+4 test0 0x0 1004 0 2200 200 2200 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+5 test1 0x0 1004 0 2200 200 2200 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_vpn_two_underlying_split b/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_vpn_two_underlying_split
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38a3dce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_vpn_two_underlying_split
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+idx iface acct_tag_hex uid_tag_int cnt_set rx_bytes rx_packets tx_bytes tx_packets rx_tcp_bytes rx_tcp_packets rx_udp_bytes rx_udp_packets rx_other_bytes rx_other_packets tx_tcp_bytes tx_tcp_packets tx_udp_bytes tx_udp_packets tx_other_bytes tx_other_packets
+2 test_nss_tun0 0x0 1001 0 500 50 1000 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+3 test0 0x0 1004 0 330 30 660 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+4 test1 0x0 1004 0 220 20 440 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_vpn_two_underlying_split_compression b/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_vpn_two_underlying_split_compression
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d35244b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_vpn_two_underlying_split_compression
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+idx iface acct_tag_hex uid_tag_int cnt_set rx_bytes rx_packets tx_bytes tx_packets rx_tcp_bytes rx_tcp_packets rx_udp_bytes rx_udp_packets rx_other_bytes rx_other_packets tx_tcp_bytes tx_tcp_packets tx_udp_bytes tx_udp_packets tx_other_bytes tx_other_packets
+2 test_nss_tun0 0x0 1001 0 1000 100 1000 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+3 test0 0x0 1004 0 600 60 600 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+4 test1 0x0 1004 0 200 20 200 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_vpn_with_clat b/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_vpn_with_clat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d893d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_vpn_with_clat
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+idx iface acct_tag_hex uid_tag_int cnt_set rx_bytes rx_packets tx_bytes tx_packets rx_tcp_bytes rx_tcp_packets rx_udp_bytes rx_udp_packets rx_other_bytes rx_other_packets tx_tcp_bytes tx_tcp_packets tx_udp_bytes tx_udp_packets tx_other_bytes tx_other_packets
+2 test_nss_tun0 0x0 1001 0 2000 200 1000 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+3 test_nss_tun0 0x0 1002 0 1000 100 500 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+4 v4-test0 0x0 1004 0 3300 300 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+5 v4-test0 0x0 1004 1 0 0 1650 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+6 test0 0x0 0 0 9300 300 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+7 test0 0x0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+8 test0 0x0 1029 0 0 0 4650 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_with_clat b/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_with_clat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f04b32f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_with_clat
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+idx iface acct_tag_hex uid_tag_int cnt_set rx_bytes rx_packets tx_bytes tx_packets rx_tcp_bytes rx_tcp_packets rx_udp_bytes rx_udp_packets rx_other_bytes rx_other_packets tx_tcp_bytes tx_tcp_packets tx_udp_bytes tx_udp_packets tx_other_bytes tx_other_packets
+2 v4-wlan0 0x0 0 0 256 5 196 4 256 5 0 0 0 0 196 4 0 0 0 0
+3 v4-wlan0 0x0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+4 v4-wlan0 0x0 1000 0 30312 25 1770 27 30236 24 76 1 0 0 1694 26 76 1 0 0
+5 v4-wlan0 0x0 1000 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+6 v4-wlan0 0x0 10060 0 9398432 6717 169412 4235 9398432 6717 0 0 0 0 169412 4235 0 0 0 0
+7 v4-wlan0 0x0 10060 1 1448660 1041 31192 753 1448660 1041 0 0 0 0 31192 753 0 0 0 0
+8 v4-wlan0 0x0 10102 0 9702 16 2870 23 9702 16 0 0 0 0 2870 23 0 0 0 0
+9 v4-wlan0 0x0 10102 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+10 wlan0 0x0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+11 wlan0 0x0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+12 wlan0 0x0 1000 0 6126 13 2013 16 5934 11 192 2 0 0 1821 14 192 2 0 0
+13 wlan0 0x0 1000 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+14 wlan0 0x0 10013 0 0 0 144 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 144 2 0 0 0 0
+15 wlan0 0x0 10013 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+16 wlan0 0x0 10018 0 5980263 4715 167667 1922 5972583 4709 0 0 7680 6 167667 1922 0 0 0 0
+17 wlan0 0x0 10018 1 43995 37 2766 27 43995 37 0 0 0 0 2766 27 0 0 0 0
+18 wlan0 0x0 10060 0 134356 133 8705 74 134356 133 0 0 0 0 8705 74 0 0 0 0
+19 wlan0 0x0 10060 1 294709 326 26448 256 294709 326 0 0 0 0 26448 256 0 0 0 0
+20 wlan0 0x0 10079 0 10926 13 1507 13 10926 13 0 0 0 0 1507 13 0 0 0 0
+21 wlan0 0x0 10079 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+22 wlan0 0x0 10102 0 25038 42 8245 57 25038 42 0 0 0 0 8245 57 0 0 0 0
+23 wlan0 0x0 10102 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+24 wlan0 0x0 10103 0 0 0 192 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 192 2 0 0
+25 wlan0 0x0 10103 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+26 wlan0 0x1000040700000000 10018 0 831 6 655 5 831 6 0 0 0 0 655 5 0 0 0 0
+27 wlan0 0x1000040700000000 10018 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+28 wlan0 0x1000040b00000000 10018 0 1714 8 1561 7 1714 8 0 0 0 0 1561 7 0 0 0 0
+29 wlan0 0x1000040b00000000 10018 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+30 wlan0 0x1000120300000000 10018 0 8243 11 2234 12 8243 11 0 0 0 0 2234 12 0 0 0 0
+31 wlan0 0x1000120300000000 10018 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+32 wlan0 0x1000180300000000 10018 0 56368 49 4790 39 56368 49 0 0 0 0 4790 39 0 0 0 0
+33 wlan0 0x1000180300000000 10018 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+34 wlan0 0x1000300000000000 10018 0 9488 17 18813 25 1808 11 0 0 7680 6 18813 25 0 0 0 0
+35 wlan0 0x1000300000000000 10018 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+36 wlan0 0x3000180400000000 10018 0 131262 103 7416 103 131262 103 0 0 0 0 7416 103 0 0 0 0
+37 wlan0 0x3000180400000000 10018 1 43995 37 2766 27 43995 37 0 0 0 0 2766 27 0 0 0 0
+38 wlan0 0xffffff0100000000 10018 0 5771986 4518 131190 1725 5771986 4518 0 0 0 0 131190 1725 0 0 0 0
+39 wlan0 0xffffff0100000000 10018 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+40 dummy0 0x0 0 0 0 0 168 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 168 3
+41 dummy0 0x0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+42 lo 0x0 0 0 1288 16 1288 16 0 0 532 8 756 8 0 0 532 8 756 8
+43 lo 0x0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
diff --git a/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_with_clat_100mb_download_after b/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_with_clat_100mb_download_after
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12d98ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_with_clat_100mb_download_after
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+idx iface acct_tag_hex uid_tag_int cnt_set rx_bytes rx_packets tx_bytes tx_packets rx_tcp_bytes rx_tcp_packets rx_udp_bytes rx_udp_packets rx_other_bytes rx_other_packets tx_tcp_bytes tx_tcp_packets tx_udp_bytes tx_udp_packets tx_other_bytes tx_other_packets
+2 r_rmnet_data0 0x0 0 0 0 0 392 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 392 6
+3 r_rmnet_data0 0x0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+4 v4-wlan0 0x0 0 0 58952 2072 2888 65 264 6 0 0 58688 2066 132 3 0 0 2756 62
+5 v4-wlan0 0x0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+6 v4-wlan0 0x0 10034 0 6192 11 1445 11 6192 11 0 0 0 0 1445 11 0 0 0 0
+7 v4-wlan0 0x0 10034 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+8 v4-wlan0 0x0 10057 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+9 v4-wlan0 0x0 10057 1 728 7 392 7 0 0 728 7 0 0 0 0 392 7 0 0
+10 v4-wlan0 0x0 10106 0 2232 18 2232 18 0 0 2232 18 0 0 0 0 2232 18 0 0
+11 v4-wlan0 0x0 10106 1 432952718 314238 5442288 121260 432950238 314218 2480 20 0 0 5433900 121029 8388 231 0 0
+12 wlan0 0x0 0 0 330187296 250652 0 0 329106990 236273 226202 1255 854104 13124 0 0 0 0 0 0
+13 wlan0 0x0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+14 wlan0 0x0 1000 0 77113 272 56151 575 77113 272 0 0 0 0 19191 190 36960 385 0 0
+15 wlan0 0x0 1000 1 20227 80 8356 72 18539 74 1688 6 0 0 7562 66 794 6 0 0
+16 wlan0 0x0 10006 0 80755 92 9122 99 80755 92 0 0 0 0 9122 99 0 0 0 0
+17 wlan0 0x0 10006 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+18 wlan0 0x0 10015 0 4390 7 14824 252 4390 7 0 0 0 0 14824 252 0 0 0 0
+19 wlan0 0x0 10015 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+20 wlan0 0x0 10018 0 4928 11 1741 14 4928 11 0 0 0 0 1741 14 0 0 0 0
+21 wlan0 0x0 10018 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+22 wlan0 0x0 10020 0 21163552 34395 2351650 15326 21162947 34390 605 5 0 0 2351045 15321 605 5 0 0
+23 wlan0 0x0 10020 1 13835740 12938 1548795 6365 13833754 12920 1986 18 0 0 1546809 6347 1986 18 0 0
+24 wlan0 0x0 10023 0 13405 40 5042 44 13405 40 0 0 0 0 5042 44 0 0 0 0
+25 wlan0 0x0 10023 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+26 wlan0 0x0 10034 0 436394741 342648 6237981 80442 436394741 342648 0 0 0 0 6237981 80442 0 0 0 0
+27 wlan0 0x0 10034 1 64860872 51297 1335539 15546 64860872 51297 0 0 0 0 1335539 15546 0 0 0 0
+28 wlan0 0x0 10044 0 17614444 14774 521004 5694 17329882 14432 284562 342 0 0 419974 5408 101030 286 0 0
+29 wlan0 0x0 10044 1 17701 33 3100 28 17701 33 0 0 0 0 3100 28 0 0 0 0
+30 wlan0 0x0 10057 0 12312074 9339 436098 5450 12248060 9263 64014 76 0 0 414224 5388 21874 62 0 0
+31 wlan0 0x0 10057 1 1332953195 954797 31849632 457698 1331933207 953569 1019988 1228 0 0 31702284 456899 147348 799 0 0
+32 wlan0 0x0 10060 0 32972 200 433705 380 32972 200 0 0 0 0 433705 380 0 0 0 0
+33 wlan0 0x0 10060 1 32106 66 37789 87 32106 66 0 0 0 0 37789 87 0 0 0 0
+34 wlan0 0x0 10061 0 7675 23 2509 22 7675 23 0 0 0 0 2509 22 0 0 0 0
+35 wlan0 0x0 10061 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+36 wlan0 0x0 10074 0 38355 82 10447 97 38355 82 0 0 0 0 10447 97 0 0 0 0
+37 wlan0 0x0 10074 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+38 wlan0 0x0 10078 0 49013 79 7167 69 49013 79 0 0 0 0 7167 69 0 0 0 0
+39 wlan0 0x0 10078 1 5872 8 1236 10 5872 8 0 0 0 0 1236 10 0 0 0 0
+40 wlan0 0x0 10082 0 8301 13 1981 15 8301 13 0 0 0 0 1981 15 0 0 0 0
+41 wlan0 0x0 10082 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+42 wlan0 0x0 10086 0 7001 14 1579 15 7001 14 0 0 0 0 1579 15 0 0 0 0
+43 wlan0 0x0 10086 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+44 wlan0 0x0 10090 0 24327795 20224 920502 14661 24327795 20224 0 0 0 0 920502 14661 0 0 0 0
+45 wlan0 0x0 10090 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+46 wlan0 0x0 10092 0 36849 78 12449 81 36849 78 0 0 0 0 12449 81 0 0 0 0
+47 wlan0 0x0 10092 1 60 1 103 1 60 1 0 0 0 0 103 1 0 0 0 0
+48 wlan0 0x0 10095 0 131962 223 37069 241 131962 223 0 0 0 0 37069 241 0 0 0 0
+49 wlan0 0x0 10095 1 12949 21 3930 21 12949 21 0 0 0 0 3930 21 0 0 0 0
+50 wlan0 0x0 10106 0 30899554 22679 632476 12296 30895334 22645 4220 34 0 0 628256 12262 4220 34 0 0
+51 wlan0 0x0 10106 1 88923475 64963 1606962 35612 88917201 64886 3586 29 2688 48 1602032 35535 4930 77 0 0
+52 wlan0 0x40700000000 10020 0 705732 10589 404428 5504 705732 10589 0 0 0 0 404428 5504 0 0 0 0
+53 wlan0 0x40700000000 10020 1 2376 36 1296 18 2376 36 0 0 0 0 1296 18 0 0 0 0
+54 wlan0 0x40800000000 10020 0 34624 146 122525 160 34624 146 0 0 0 0 122525 160 0 0 0 0
+55 wlan0 0x40800000000 10020 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+56 wlan0 0x40b00000000 10020 0 22411 85 7364 57 22411 85 0 0 0 0 7364 57 0 0 0 0
+57 wlan0 0x40b00000000 10020 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+58 wlan0 0x120300000000 10020 0 76641 241 32783 169 76641 241 0 0 0 0 32783 169 0 0 0 0
+59 wlan0 0x120300000000 10020 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+60 wlan0 0x130100000000 10020 0 73101 287 23236 203 73101 287 0 0 0 0 23236 203 0 0 0 0
+61 wlan0 0x130100000000 10020 1 264 4 144 2 264 4 0 0 0 0 144 2 0 0 0 0
+62 wlan0 0x180300000000 10020 0 330648 399 24736 232 330648 399 0 0 0 0 24736 232 0 0 0 0
+63 wlan0 0x180300000000 10020 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+64 wlan0 0x180400000000 10020 0 21865 59 5022 42 21865 59 0 0 0 0 5022 42 0 0 0 0
+65 wlan0 0x180400000000 10020 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+66 wlan0 0x300000000000 10020 0 15984 65 26927 57 15984 65 0 0 0 0 26927 57 0 0 0 0
+67 wlan0 0x300000000000 10020 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+68 wlan0 0x1065fff00000000 10020 0 131871 599 93783 445 131871 599 0 0 0 0 93783 445 0 0 0 0
+69 wlan0 0x1065fff00000000 10020 1 264 4 144 2 264 4 0 0 0 0 144 2 0 0 0 0
+70 wlan0 0x1b24f4600000000 10034 0 15445 42 23329 45 15445 42 0 0 0 0 23329 45 0 0 0 0
+71 wlan0 0x1b24f4600000000 10034 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+72 wlan0 0x1000010000000000 10020 0 5542 9 1364 10 5542 9 0 0 0 0 1364 10 0 0 0 0
+73 wlan0 0x1000010000000000 10020 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+74 wlan0 0x1000040100000000 10020 0 47196 184 213319 257 47196 184 0 0 0 0 213319 257 0 0 0 0
+75 wlan0 0x1000040100000000 10020 1 60 1 103 1 60 1 0 0 0 0 103 1 0 0 0 0
+76 wlan0 0x1000040700000000 10020 0 11599 50 10786 47 11599 50 0 0 0 0 10786 47 0 0 0 0
+77 wlan0 0x1000040700000000 10020 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+78 wlan0 0x1000040800000000 10020 0 21902 145 174139 166 21902 145 0 0 0 0 174139 166 0 0 0 0
+79 wlan0 0x1000040800000000 10020 1 8568 88 105743 90 8568 88 0 0 0 0 105743 90 0 0 0 0
+80 wlan0 0x1000100300000000 10020 0 55213 118 194551 199 55213 118 0 0 0 0 194551 199 0 0 0 0
+81 wlan0 0x1000100300000000 10020 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+82 wlan0 0x1000120300000000 10020 0 50826 74 21153 70 50826 74 0 0 0 0 21153 70 0 0 0 0
+83 wlan0 0x1000120300000000 10020 1 72 1 175 2 72 1 0 0 0 0 175 2 0 0 0 0
+84 wlan0 0x1000180300000000 10020 0 744198 657 65437 592 744198 657 0 0 0 0 65437 592 0 0 0 0
+85 wlan0 0x1000180300000000 10020 1 144719 132 10989 108 144719 132 0 0 0 0 10989 108 0 0 0 0
+86 wlan0 0x1000180600000000 10020 0 4599 8 1928 10 4599 8 0 0 0 0 1928 10 0 0 0 0
+87 wlan0 0x1000180600000000 10020 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+88 wlan0 0x1000250000000000 10020 0 57740 98 13076 88 57740 98 0 0 0 0 13076 88 0 0 0 0
+89 wlan0 0x1000250000000000 10020 1 328 3 414 4 207 2 121 1 0 0 293 3 121 1 0 0
+90 wlan0 0x1000300000000000 10020 0 7675 30 31331 32 7675 30 0 0 0 0 31331 32 0 0 0 0
+91 wlan0 0x1000300000000000 10020 1 30173 97 101335 100 30173 97 0 0 0 0 101335 100 0 0 0 0
+92 wlan0 0x1000310200000000 10020 0 1681 9 2194 9 1681 9 0 0 0 0 2194 9 0 0 0 0
+93 wlan0 0x1000310200000000 10020 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+94 wlan0 0x1000360000000000 10020 0 5606 20 2831 20 5606 20 0 0 0 0 2831 20 0 0 0 0
+95 wlan0 0x1000360000000000 10020 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+96 wlan0 0x11065fff00000000 10020 0 18363 91 83367 104 18363 91 0 0 0 0 83367 104 0 0 0 0
+97 wlan0 0x11065fff00000000 10020 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+98 wlan0 0x3000009600000000 10020 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+99 wlan0 0x3000009600000000 10020 1 6163 18 2424 18 6163 18 0 0 0 0 2424 18 0 0 0 0
+100 wlan0 0x3000009800000000 10020 0 23337 46 8723 39 23337 46 0 0 0 0 8723 39 0 0 0 0
+101 wlan0 0x3000009800000000 10020 1 33744 93 72437 89 33744 93 0 0 0 0 72437 89 0 0 0 0
+102 wlan0 0x3000020000000000 10020 0 4124 11 8969 19 4124 11 0 0 0 0 8969 19 0 0 0 0
+103 wlan0 0x3000020000000000 10020 1 5993 11 3815 14 5993 11 0 0 0 0 3815 14 0 0 0 0
+104 wlan0 0x3000040100000000 10020 0 113809 342 135666 308 113809 342 0 0 0 0 135666 308 0 0 0 0
+105 wlan0 0x3000040100000000 10020 1 142508 642 500579 637 142508 642 0 0 0 0 500579 637 0 0 0 0
+106 wlan0 0x3000040700000000 10020 0 365815 5119 213340 2733 365815 5119 0 0 0 0 213340 2733 0 0 0 0
+107 wlan0 0x3000040700000000 10020 1 30747 130 18408 100 30747 130 0 0 0 0 18408 100 0 0 0 0
+108 wlan0 0x3000040800000000 10020 0 34672 112 68623 92 34672 112 0 0 0 0 68623 92 0 0 0 0
+109 wlan0 0x3000040800000000 10020 1 78443 199 140944 192 78443 199 0 0 0 0 140944 192 0 0 0 0
+110 wlan0 0x3000040b00000000 10020 0 14949 33 4017 26 14949 33 0 0 0 0 4017 26 0 0 0 0
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diff --git a/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_with_clat_100mb_download_before b/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_with_clat_100mb_download_before
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce4bcc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_with_clat_100mb_download_before
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+idx iface acct_tag_hex uid_tag_int cnt_set rx_bytes rx_packets tx_bytes tx_packets rx_tcp_bytes rx_tcp_packets rx_udp_bytes rx_udp_packets rx_other_bytes rx_other_packets tx_tcp_bytes tx_tcp_packets tx_udp_bytes tx_udp_packets tx_other_bytes tx_other_packets
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+144 wlan0 0x32e544f900000000 10034 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+145 wlan0 0x32e544f900000000 10034 1 40143 54 7299 61 40143 54 0 0 0 0 7299 61 0 0 0 0
+146 wlan0 0x58872a4400000000 10018 0 4928 11 1669 13 4928 11 0 0 0 0 1669 13 0 0 0 0
+147 wlan0 0x58872a4400000000 10018 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+148 wlan0 0x5caeaa7b00000000 10034 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+149 wlan0 0x5caeaa7b00000000 10034 1 74971 73 7103 75 74971 73 0 0 0 0 7103 75 0 0 0 0
+150 wlan0 0x9e00923800000000 10034 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+151 wlan0 0x9e00923800000000 10034 1 72385 98 13072 110 72385 98 0 0 0 0 13072 110 0 0 0 0
+152 wlan0 0xb972bdd400000000 10034 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+153 wlan0 0xb972bdd400000000 10034 1 15282 24 3034 27 15282 24 0 0 0 0 3034 27 0 0 0 0
+154 wlan0 0xc7c9f7ba00000000 10034 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+155 wlan0 0xc7c9f7ba00000000 10034 1 194915 185 13316 138 194915 185 0 0 0 0 13316 138 0 0 0 0
+156 wlan0 0xc9395b2600000000 10034 0 6991 13 6215 14 6991 13 0 0 0 0 6215 14 0 0 0 0
+157 wlan0 0xc9395b2600000000 10034 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+158 wlan0 0xdaddf21100000000 10034 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+159 wlan0 0xdaddf21100000000 10034 1 928676 849 81570 799 928676 849 0 0 0 0 81570 799 0 0 0 0
+160 wlan0 0xe8d195d100000000 10020 0 516 8 288 4 516 8 0 0 0 0 288 4 0 0 0 0
+161 wlan0 0xe8d195d100000000 10020 1 5905 15 2622 15 5905 15 0 0 0 0 2622 15 0 0 0 0
+162 wlan0 0xe8d195d100000000 10034 0 236640 524 312523 555 236640 524 0 0 0 0 312523 555 0 0 0 0
+163 wlan0 0xe8d195d100000000 10034 1 319028 539 188776 553 319028 539 0 0 0 0 188776 553 0 0 0 0
+164 wlan0 0xffffff0100000000 10006 0 80755 92 9122 99 80755 92 0 0 0 0 9122 99 0 0 0 0
+165 wlan0 0xffffff0100000000 10006 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+166 wlan0 0xffffff0100000000 10020 0 17874405 14068 223987 3065 17874405 14068 0 0 0 0 223987 3065 0 0 0 0
+167 wlan0 0xffffff0100000000 10020 1 11011258 8672 177693 2407 11011258 8672 0 0 0 0 177693 2407 0 0 0 0
+168 wlan0 0xffffff0100000000 10034 0 436062595 341880 5843990 79630 436062595 341880 0 0 0 0 5843990 79630 0 0 0 0
+169 wlan0 0xffffff0100000000 10034 1 63201220 49447 1005882 13713 63201220 49447 0 0 0 0 1005882 13713 0 0 0 0
+170 wlan0 0xffffff0100000000 10044 0 17159287 13702 356212 4778 17159287 13702 0 0 0 0 356212 4778 0 0 0 0
+171 wlan0 0xffffff0100000000 10044 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+172 wlan0 0xffffff0100000000 10078 0 10439 17 1665 15 10439 17 0 0 0 0 1665 15 0 0 0 0
+173 wlan0 0xffffff0100000000 10078 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+174 wlan0 0xffffff0100000000 10090 0 23722655 19697 881995 14231 23722655 19697 0 0 0 0 881995 14231 0 0 0 0
+175 wlan0 0xffffff0100000000 10090 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+176 wlan0 0xffffff0500000000 1000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+177 wlan0 0xffffff0500000000 1000 1 1592 5 314 1 0 0 1592 5 0 0 0 0 314 1 0 0
+178 wlan0 0xffffff0600000000 1000 0 0 0 36960 385 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 36960 385 0 0
+179 wlan0 0xffffff0600000000 1000 1 96 1 480 5 0 0 96 1 0 0 0 0 480 5 0 0
+180 wlan0 0xffffff0700000000 1000 0 38732 229 16567 163 38732 229 0 0 0 0 16567 163 0 0 0 0
+181 wlan0 0xffffff0700000000 1000 1 18539 74 7562 66 18539 74 0 0 0 0 7562 66 0 0 0 0
+182 wlan0 0xffffff0900000000 1000 0 38381 43 2624 27 38381 43 0 0 0 0 2624 27 0 0 0 0
+183 wlan0 0xffffff0900000000 1000 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+184 dummy0 0x0 0 0 0 0 168 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 168 3
+185 dummy0 0x0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+186 wlan0 0x0 1029 0 0 0 5855801 94173 0 0 0 0 0 0 5208040 84634 103637 1256 544124 8283
+187 wlan0 0x0 1029 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
diff --git a/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_with_clat_simple b/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_with_clat_simple
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1d6d41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_with_clat_simple
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+idx iface acct_tag_hex uid_tag_int cnt_set rx_bytes rx_packets tx_bytes tx_packets rx_tcp_bytes rx_tcp_packets rx_udp_bytes rx_udp_packets rx_other_bytes rx_other_packets tx_tcp_bytes tx_tcp_packets tx_udp_bytes tx_udp_packets tx_other_bytes tx_other_packets
+2 v4-wlan0 0x0 10060 0 42600 213 4100 41 42600 213 0 0 0 0 4100 41 0 0 0 0
+3 v4-wlan0 0x0 10060 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+4 wlan0 0x0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
diff --git a/tests/unit/vpn-jarjar-rules.txt b/tests/unit/vpn-jarjar-rules.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..16661b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/vpn-jarjar-rules.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# Only keep classes imported by ConnectivityServiceTest
+keep com.android.server.VpnManagerService
+keep com.android.server.connectivity.Vpn
+keep com.android.server.connectivity.VpnProfileStore
\ No newline at end of file