diff --git a/framework/aidl-export/android/net/IpPrefix.aidl b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/IpPrefix.aidl
index 0d70f2a..3495efc 100644
--- a/framework/aidl-export/android/net/IpPrefix.aidl
+++ b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/IpPrefix.aidl
@@ -18,5 +18,5 @@
 package android.net;
 
 // @JavaOnlyStableParcelable only affects the parcelable when built as stable aidl (aidl_interface
-// build rule). IpPrefix is also used in cpp but only as non-stable aidl.
-@JavaOnlyStableParcelable parcelable IpPrefix cpp_header "binder/IpPrefix.h";
+// build rule).
+@JavaOnlyStableParcelable parcelable IpPrefix;
diff --git a/framework/api/current.txt b/framework/api/current.txt
index 0a9560a..ab290f9 100644
--- a/framework/api/current.txt
+++ b/framework/api/current.txt
@@ -298,7 +298,6 @@
     method @Nullable public android.net.NetworkSpecifier getNetworkSpecifier();
     method public int getOwnerUid();
     method public int getSignalStrength();
-    method @NonNull public java.util.Set<java.lang.Integer> getSubIds();
     method @Nullable public android.net.TransportInfo getTransportInfo();
     method public boolean hasCapability(int);
     method public boolean hasTransport(int);
@@ -408,7 +407,6 @@
     method public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder removeTransportType(int);
     method @Deprecated public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder setNetworkSpecifier(String);
     method public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder setNetworkSpecifier(android.net.NetworkSpecifier);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder setSubIds(@NonNull java.util.Set<java.lang.Integer>);
   }
 
   public class ParseException extends java.lang.RuntimeException {
diff --git a/framework/api/system-current.txt b/framework/api/system-current.txt
index 95ad694..0a82cb7 100644
--- a/framework/api/system-current.txt
+++ b/framework/api/system-current.txt
@@ -273,15 +273,19 @@
 
   public final class NetworkCapabilities implements android.os.Parcelable {
     method @NonNull public int[] getAdministratorUids();
+    method @Nullable public static String getCapabilityCarrierName(int);
     method @Nullable public String getSsid();
+    method @NonNull public java.util.Set<java.lang.Integer> getSubIds();
     method @NonNull public int[] getTransportTypes();
     method public boolean isPrivateDnsBroken();
     method public boolean satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(@Nullable android.net.NetworkCapabilities);
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_BIP = 31; // 0x1f
     field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED = 28; // 0x1c
     field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID = 22; // 0x16
     field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE = 26; // 0x1a
     field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY = 24; // 0x18
     field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_VEHICLE_INTERNAL = 27; // 0x1b
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_VSIM = 30; // 0x1e
   }
 
   public static final class NetworkCapabilities.Builder {
@@ -325,6 +329,7 @@
 
   public static class NetworkRequest.Builder {
     method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SIGNAL_STRENGTH_WAKEUP) public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder setSignalStrength(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder setSubIds(@NonNull java.util.Set<java.lang.Integer>);
   }
 
   public final class NetworkScore implements android.os.Parcelable {
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
index c6f4e0b..92ed7fc 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
@@ -3140,18 +3140,27 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Set a network-independent global http proxy.  This is not normally what you want
-     * for typical HTTP proxies - they are general network dependent.  However if you're
-     * doing something unusual like general internal filtering this may be useful.  On
-     * a private network where the proxy is not accessible, you may break HTTP using this.
+     * Set a network-independent global HTTP proxy.
      *
-     * @param p A {@link ProxyInfo} object defining the new global
-     *        HTTP proxy.  A {@code null} value will clear the global HTTP proxy.
+     * This sets an HTTP proxy that applies to all networks and overrides any network-specific
+     * proxy. If set, HTTP libraries that are proxy-aware will use this global proxy when
+     * accessing any network, regardless of what the settings for that network are.
+     *
+     * Note that HTTP proxies are by nature typically network-dependent, and setting a global
+     * proxy is likely to break networking on multiple networks. This method is only meant
+     * for device policy clients looking to do general internal filtering or similar use cases.
+     *
+     * {@see #getGlobalProxy}
+     * {@see LinkProperties#getHttpProxy}
+     *
+     * @param p A {@link ProxyInfo} object defining the new global HTTP proxy. Calling this
+     *          method with a {@code null} value will clear the global HTTP proxy.
      * @hide
      */
+    // Used by Device Policy Manager to set the global proxy.
     @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
     @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK)
-    public void setGlobalProxy(@Nullable ProxyInfo p) {
+    public void setGlobalProxy(@Nullable final ProxyInfo p) {
         try {
             mService.setGlobalProxy(p);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/DnsResolver.java b/framework/src/android/net/DnsResolver.java
index 3f7660f..dac88ad 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/DnsResolver.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/DnsResolver.java
@@ -500,7 +500,7 @@
                             try {
                                 resp = resNetworkResult(fd);  // Closes fd, marks it invalid.
                             } catch (ErrnoException e) {
-                                Log.e(TAG, "resNetworkResult:" + e.toString());
+                                Log.w(TAG, "resNetworkResult:" + e.toString());
                                 exception = e;
                             }
                         }
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
index 881fa8c..d39f4fb 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
@@ -274,6 +274,8 @@
             NET_CAPABILITY_VEHICLE_INTERNAL,
             NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED,
             NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_VSIM,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_BIP,
     })
     public @interface NetCapability { }
 
@@ -493,8 +495,22 @@
      */
     public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE = 29;
 
+    /**
+     * Indicates that this network has ability to access the carrier's Virtual Sim service.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_VSIM = 30;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates that this network has ability to support Bearer Independent Protol.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_BIP = 31;
+
     private static final int MIN_NET_CAPABILITY = NET_CAPABILITY_MMS;
-    private static final int MAX_NET_CAPABILITY = NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE;
+    private static final int MAX_NET_CAPABILITY = NET_CAPABILITY_BIP;
 
     /**
      * Network capabilities that are expected to be mutable, i.e., can change while a particular
@@ -538,43 +554,6 @@
             | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN);
 
     /**
-     * Capabilities that suggest that a network is restricted.
-     * {@see #maybeMarkCapabilitiesRestricted}, {@see #FORCE_RESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES}
-     */
-    @VisibleForTesting
-    /* package */ static final long RESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES =
-            (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_CBS)
-            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_DUN)
-            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_EIMS)
-            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_FOTA)
-            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_IA)
-            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_IMS)
-            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_MCX)
-            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_RCS)
-            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_VEHICLE_INTERNAL)
-            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_XCAP)
-            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE);
-
-    /**
-     * Capabilities that force network to be restricted.
-     * {@see #maybeMarkCapabilitiesRestricted}.
-     */
-    private static final long FORCE_RESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES =
-            (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID)
-            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE);
-
-    /**
-     * Capabilities that suggest that a network is unrestricted.
-     * {@see #maybeMarkCapabilitiesRestricted}.
-     */
-    @VisibleForTesting
-    /* package */ static final long UNRESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES =
-            (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
-            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_MMS)
-            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_SUPL)
-            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_WIFI_P2P);
-
-    /**
      * Capabilities that are managed by ConnectivityService.
      */
     private static final long CONNECTIVITY_MANAGED_CAPABILITIES =
@@ -749,6 +728,23 @@
         return ((mNetworkCapabilities & CONNECTIVITY_MANAGED_CAPABILITIES) != 0);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get the name of the given capability that carriers use.
+     * If the capability does not have a carrier-name, returns null.
+     *
+     * @param capability The capability to get the carrier-name of.
+     * @return The carrier-name of the capability, or null if it doesn't exist.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static @Nullable String getCapabilityCarrierName(@NetCapability int capability) {
+        if (capability == NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE) {
+            return capabilityNameOf(capability);
+        } else {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
     private void combineNetCapabilities(@NonNull NetworkCapabilities nc) {
         final long wantedCaps = this.mNetworkCapabilities | nc.mNetworkCapabilities;
         final long unwantedCaps =
@@ -811,37 +807,12 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Deduces that all the capabilities it provides are typically provided by restricted networks
-     * or not.
-     *
-     * @return {@code true} if the network should be restricted.
-     * @hide
-     */
-    public boolean deduceRestrictedCapability() {
-        // Check if we have any capability that forces the network to be restricted.
-        final boolean forceRestrictedCapability =
-                (mNetworkCapabilities & FORCE_RESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES) != 0;
-
-        // Verify there aren't any unrestricted capabilities.  If there are we say
-        // the whole thing is unrestricted unless it is forced to be restricted.
-        final boolean hasUnrestrictedCapabilities =
-                (mNetworkCapabilities & UNRESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES) != 0;
-
-        // Must have at least some restricted capabilities.
-        final boolean hasRestrictedCapabilities =
-                (mNetworkCapabilities & RESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES) != 0;
-
-        return forceRestrictedCapability
-                || (hasRestrictedCapabilities && !hasUnrestrictedCapabilities);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Removes the NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED capability if deducing the network is restricted.
+     * Removes the NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED capability if inferring the network is restricted.
      *
      * @hide
      */
     public void maybeMarkCapabilitiesRestricted() {
-        if (deduceRestrictedCapability()) {
+        if (NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.inferRestrictedCapability(this)) {
             removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED);
         }
     }
@@ -2163,6 +2134,8 @@
             case NET_CAPABILITY_VEHICLE_INTERNAL:     return "VEHICLE_INTERNAL";
             case NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED:      return "NOT_VCN_MANAGED";
             case NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE:           return "ENTERPRISE";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_VSIM:                 return "VSIM";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_BIP:                  return "BIP";
             default:                                  return Integer.toString(capability);
         }
     }
@@ -2390,9 +2363,15 @@
 
     /**
      * Gets the subscription ID set that associated to this network or request.
+     *
+     * <p>Instances of NetworkCapabilities will only have this field populated by the system if the
+     * receiver holds the NETWORK_FACTORY permission. In all other cases, it will be the empty set.
+     *
      * @return
+     * @hide
      */
     @NonNull
+    @SystemApi
     public Set<Integer> getSubIds() {
         return new ArraySet<>(mSubIds);
     }
@@ -2757,10 +2736,17 @@
         /**
          * Set the subscription ID set.
          *
+         * <p>SubIds are populated in NetworkCapability instances from the system only for callers
+         * that hold the NETWORK_FACTORY permission. Similarly, the system will reject any
+         * NetworkRequests filed with a non-empty set of subIds unless the caller holds the
+         * NETWORK_FACTORY permission.
+         *
          * @param subIds a set that represent the subscription IDs. Empty if clean up.
          * @return this builder.
+         * @hide
          */
         @NonNull
+        @SystemApi
         public Builder setSubIds(@NonNull final Set<Integer> subIds) {
             mCaps.setSubIds(subIds);
             return this;
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java
index 38691ef..5d40417 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java
@@ -501,9 +501,14 @@
          * A network will satisfy this request only if it matches one of the subIds in this set.
          * An empty set matches all networks, including those without a subId.
          *
+         * <p>Registering a NetworkRequest with a non-empty set of subIds requires the
+         * NETWORK_FACTORY permission.
+         *
          * @param subIds A {@code Set} that represents subscription IDs.
+         * @hide
          */
         @NonNull
+        @SystemApi
         public Builder setSubIds(@NonNull Set<Integer> subIds) {
             mNetworkCapabilities.setSubIds(subIds);
             return this;
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
index b437aac..629006a 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
@@ -318,6 +318,9 @@
     // The maximum number of network request allowed per uid before an exception is thrown.
     private static final int MAX_NETWORK_REQUESTS_PER_UID = 100;
 
+    // The maximum number of network request allowed for system UIDs before an exception is thrown.
+    private static final int MAX_NETWORK_REQUESTS_PER_SYSTEM_UID = 250;
+
     @VisibleForTesting
     protected int mLingerDelayMs;  // Can't be final, or test subclass constructors can't change it.
     @VisibleForTesting
@@ -333,6 +336,7 @@
     protected final PermissionMonitor mPermissionMonitor;
 
     private final PerUidCounter mNetworkRequestCounter;
+    private final PerUidCounter mSystemNetworkRequestCounter;
 
     private volatile boolean mLockdownEnabled;
 
@@ -1201,6 +1205,7 @@
         mContext = Objects.requireNonNull(context, "missing Context");
         mResources = deps.getResources(mContext);
         mNetworkRequestCounter = new PerUidCounter(MAX_NETWORK_REQUESTS_PER_UID);
+        mSystemNetworkRequestCounter = new PerUidCounter(MAX_NETWORK_REQUESTS_PER_SYSTEM_UID);
 
         mMetricsLog = logger;
         mNetworkRanker = new NetworkRanker();
@@ -1276,14 +1281,22 @@
 
         mPermissionMonitor = new PermissionMonitor(mContext, mNetd);
 
+        mUserAllContext = mContext.createContextAsUser(UserHandle.ALL, 0 /* flags */);
         // Listen for user add/removes to inform PermissionMonitor.
         // Should run on mHandler to avoid any races.
-        IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
-        intentFilter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_USER_ADDED);
-        intentFilter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_USER_REMOVED);
+        final IntentFilter userIntentFilter = new IntentFilter();
+        userIntentFilter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_USER_ADDED);
+        userIntentFilter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_USER_REMOVED);
+        mUserAllContext.registerReceiver(mUserIntentReceiver, userIntentFilter,
+                null /* broadcastPermission */, mHandler);
 
-        mUserAllContext = mContext.createContextAsUser(UserHandle.ALL, 0 /* flags */);
-        mUserAllContext.registerReceiver(mIntentReceiver, intentFilter,
+        // Listen to package add/removes for netd
+        final IntentFilter packageIntentFilter = new IntentFilter();
+        packageIntentFilter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED);
+        packageIntentFilter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_REMOVED);
+        packageIntentFilter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_REPLACED);
+        packageIntentFilter.addDataScheme("package");
+        mUserAllContext.registerReceiver(mPackageIntentReceiver, packageIntentFilter,
                 null /* broadcastPermission */, mHandler);
 
         mNetworkActivityTracker = new LegacyNetworkActivityTracker(mContext, mHandler, mNetd);
@@ -1890,6 +1903,10 @@
             newNc.setNetworkSpecifier(newNc.getNetworkSpecifier().redact());
         }
         newNc.setAdministratorUids(new int[0]);
+        if (!checkAnyPermissionOf(
+                callerPid, callerUid, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY)) {
+            newNc.setSubIds(Collections.emptySet());
+        }
 
         return newNc;
     }
@@ -4029,7 +4046,7 @@
                 }
             }
         }
-        mNetworkRequestCounter.decrementCount(nri.mUid);
+        nri.decrementRequestCount();
         mNetworkRequestInfoLogs.log("RELEASE " + nri);
 
         if (null != nri.getActiveRequest()) {
@@ -4140,6 +4157,12 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private PerUidCounter getRequestCounter(NetworkRequestInfo nri) {
+        return checkAnyPermissionOf(
+                nri.mPid, nri.mUid, NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK)
+                ? mSystemNetworkRequestCounter : mNetworkRequestCounter;
+    }
+
     @Override
     public void setAcceptUnvalidated(Network network, boolean accept, boolean always) {
         enforceNetworkStackSettingsOrSetup();
@@ -4943,7 +4966,7 @@
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void setGlobalProxy(final ProxyInfo proxyProperties) {
+    public void setGlobalProxy(@Nullable final ProxyInfo proxyProperties) {
         PermissionUtils.enforceNetworkStackPermission(mContext);
         mProxyTracker.setGlobalProxy(proxyProperties);
     }
@@ -5288,14 +5311,14 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private void onUserAdded(UserHandle user) {
+    private void onUserAdded(@NonNull final UserHandle user) {
         mPermissionMonitor.onUserAdded(user);
         if (mOemNetworkPreferences.getNetworkPreferences().size() > 0) {
             handleSetOemNetworkPreference(mOemNetworkPreferences, null);
         }
     }
 
-    private void onUserRemoved(UserHandle user) {
+    private void onUserRemoved(@NonNull final UserHandle user) {
         mPermissionMonitor.onUserRemoved(user);
         // If there was a network preference for this user, remove it.
         handleSetProfileNetworkPreference(new ProfileNetworkPreferences.Preference(user, null),
@@ -5305,7 +5328,18 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private BroadcastReceiver mIntentReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
+    private void onPackageChanged(@NonNull final String packageName) {
+        // This is necessary in case a package is added or removed, but also when it's replaced to
+        // run as a new UID by its manifest rules. Also, if a separate package shares the same UID
+        // as one in the preferences, then it should follow the same routing as that other package,
+        // which means updating the rules is never to be needed in this case (whether it joins or
+        // leaves a UID with a preference).
+        if (isMappedInOemNetworkPreference(packageName)) {
+            handleSetOemNetworkPreference(mOemNetworkPreferences, null);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private final BroadcastReceiver mUserIntentReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
         @Override
         public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
             ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
@@ -5328,6 +5362,22 @@
         }
     };
 
+    private final BroadcastReceiver mPackageIntentReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
+        @Override
+        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+            ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
+            switch (intent.getAction()) {
+                case Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED:
+                case Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_REMOVED:
+                case Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_REPLACED:
+                    onPackageChanged(intent.getData().getSchemeSpecificPart());
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    Log.wtf(TAG, "received unexpected intent: " + intent.getAction());
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
     private final HashMap<Messenger, NetworkProviderInfo> mNetworkProviderInfos = new HashMap<>();
     private final HashMap<NetworkRequest, NetworkRequestInfo> mNetworkRequests = new HashMap<>();
 
@@ -5438,6 +5488,9 @@
         @Nullable
         final String mCallingAttributionTag;
 
+        // Counter keeping track of this NRI.
+        final PerUidCounter mPerUidCounter;
+
         // Effective UID of this request. This is different from mUid when a privileged process
         // files a request on behalf of another UID. This UID is used to determine blocked status,
         // UID matching, and so on. mUid above is used for permission checks and to enforce the
@@ -5488,7 +5541,8 @@
             mPid = getCallingPid();
             mUid = mDeps.getCallingUid();
             mAsUid = asUid;
-            mNetworkRequestCounter.incrementCountOrThrow(mUid);
+            mPerUidCounter = getRequestCounter(this);
+            mPerUidCounter.incrementCountOrThrow(mUid);
             /**
              * Location sensitive data not included in pending intent. Only included in
              * {@link NetworkCallback}.
@@ -5520,15 +5574,11 @@
             mUid = mDeps.getCallingUid();
             mAsUid = asUid;
             mPendingIntent = null;
-            mNetworkRequestCounter.incrementCountOrThrow(mUid);
+            mPerUidCounter = getRequestCounter(this);
+            mPerUidCounter.incrementCountOrThrow(mUid);
             mCallbackFlags = callbackFlags;
             mCallingAttributionTag = callingAttributionTag;
-
-            try {
-                mBinder.linkToDeath(this, 0);
-            } catch (RemoteException e) {
-                binderDied();
-            }
+            linkDeathRecipient();
         }
 
         NetworkRequestInfo(@NonNull final NetworkRequestInfo nri,
@@ -5563,9 +5613,11 @@
             mUid = nri.mUid;
             mAsUid = nri.mAsUid;
             mPendingIntent = nri.mPendingIntent;
-            mNetworkRequestCounter.incrementCountOrThrow(mUid);
+            mPerUidCounter = getRequestCounter(this);
+            mPerUidCounter.incrementCountOrThrow(mUid);
             mCallbackFlags = nri.mCallbackFlags;
             mCallingAttributionTag = nri.mCallingAttributionTag;
+            linkDeathRecipient();
         }
 
         NetworkRequestInfo(int asUid, @NonNull final NetworkRequest r) {
@@ -5594,8 +5646,22 @@
             return Collections.unmodifiableList(tempRequests);
         }
 
+        void decrementRequestCount() {
+            mPerUidCounter.decrementCount(mUid);
+        }
+
+        void linkDeathRecipient() {
+            if (null != mBinder) {
+                try {
+                    mBinder.linkToDeath(this, 0);
+                } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                    binderDied();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         void unlinkDeathRecipient() {
-            if (mBinder != null) {
+            if (null != mBinder) {
                 mBinder.unlinkToDeath(this, 0);
             }
         }
@@ -5641,6 +5707,10 @@
                     "Insufficient permissions to request a specific signal strength");
         }
         mAppOpsManager.checkPackage(callerUid, callerPackageName);
+
+        if (!nc.getSubIds().isEmpty()) {
+            enforceNetworkFactoryPermission();
+        }
     }
 
     private int[] getSignalStrengthThresholds(@NonNull final NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
@@ -6131,6 +6201,15 @@
     @NonNull
     private ProfileNetworkPreferences mProfileNetworkPreferences = new ProfileNetworkPreferences();
 
+    /**
+     * Determine whether a given package has a mapping in the current OemNetworkPreferences.
+     * @param packageName the package name to check existence of a mapping for.
+     * @return true if a mapping exists, false otherwise
+     */
+    private boolean isMappedInOemNetworkPreference(@NonNull final String packageName) {
+        return mOemNetworkPreferences.getNetworkPreferences().containsKey(packageName);
+    }
+
     // The always-on request for an Internet-capable network that apps without a specific default
     // fall back to.
     @VisibleForTesting
@@ -6151,7 +6230,7 @@
      * @return the NetworkRequestInfo tracking the given uid.
      */
     @NonNull
-    private NetworkRequestInfo getDefaultRequestTrackingUid(@NonNull final int uid) {
+    private NetworkRequestInfo getDefaultRequestTrackingUid(final int uid) {
         for (final NetworkRequestInfo nri : mDefaultNetworkRequests) {
             if (nri == mDefaultRequest) {
                 continue;
@@ -6277,8 +6356,8 @@
     // Request used to optionally keep vehicle internal network always active
     private final NetworkRequest mDefaultVehicleRequest;
 
-    // TODO replace with INetd.DUMMY_NET_ID when available.
-    private static final int NO_SERVICE_NET_ID = 51;
+    // TODO replace with INetd.UNREACHABLE_NET_ID when available.
+    private static final int NO_SERVICE_NET_ID = 52;
     // Sentinel NAI used to direct apps with default networks that should have no connectivity to a
     // network with no service. This NAI should never be matched against, nor should any public API
     // ever return the associated network. For this reason, this NAI is not in the list of available
@@ -6598,7 +6677,7 @@
                     mDeps.reportNetworkInterfaceForTransports(mContext, iface,
                             caps.getTransportTypes());
                 } catch (Exception e) {
-                    loge("Exception adding interface: " + e);
+                    logw("Exception adding interface: " + e);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -8748,7 +8827,7 @@
             // Decrement the reference count for this NetworkRequestInfo. The reference count is
             // incremented when the NetworkRequestInfo is created as part of
             // enforceRequestCountLimit().
-            mNetworkRequestCounter.decrementCount(nri.mUid);
+            nri.decrementRequestCount();
             return;
         }
 
@@ -8814,7 +8893,7 @@
         // Decrement the reference count for this NetworkRequestInfo. The reference count is
         // incremented when the NetworkRequestInfo is created as part of
         // enforceRequestCountLimit().
-        mNetworkRequestCounter.decrementCount(nri.mUid);
+        nri.decrementRequestCount();
 
         iCb.unlinkToDeath(cbInfo, 0);
     }
@@ -9390,14 +9469,8 @@
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Must explicitly specify a user handle ("
                     + "UserHandle.CURRENT not supported)");
         }
-        final UserManager um;
-        try {
-            um = mContext.createContextAsUser(profile, 0 /* flags */)
-                    .getSystemService(UserManager.class);
-        } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Profile does not exist");
-        }
-        if (!um.isManagedProfile()) {
+        final UserManager um = mContext.getSystemService(UserManager.class);
+        if (!um.isManagedProfile(profile.getIdentifier())) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Profile must be a managed profile");
         }
         // Strictly speaking, mOemNetworkPreferences should only be touched on the
@@ -9564,7 +9637,6 @@
                 new OemNetworkRequestFactory().createNrisFromOemNetworkPreferences(preference);
         replaceDefaultNetworkRequestsForPreference(nris);
         mOemNetworkPreferences = preference;
-        // TODO http://b/176496396 persist data to shared preferences.
 
         if (null != listener) {
             try {
@@ -9721,7 +9793,6 @@
                     // packages are sent on a network preference as the system will watch for
                     // package installations associated with this network preference and update
                     // accordingly. This is done so as to minimize race conditions on app install.
-                    // TODO b/177092163 add app install watching.
                     continue;
                 }
             }
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkDiagnostics.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkDiagnostics.java
index 5e6b9f3..2e51be3 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkDiagnostics.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkDiagnostics.java
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 import android.util.Pair;
 
 import com.android.internal.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
-import com.android.internal.util.TrafficStatsConstants;
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants;
 
 import libcore.io.IoUtils;
 
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@
                 int sockType, int protocol, long writeTimeout, long readTimeout, int dstPort)
                 throws ErrnoException, IOException {
             final int oldTag = TrafficStats.getAndSetThreadStatsTag(
-                    TrafficStatsConstants.TAG_SYSTEM_PROBE);
+                    NetworkStackConstants.TAG_SYSTEM_PROBE);
             try {
                 mFileDescriptor = Os.socket(mAddressFamily, sockType, protocol);
             } finally {
@@ -745,7 +745,7 @@
             if (ensureMeasurementNecessary()) return;
 
             // No need to restore the tag, since this thread is only used for this measurement.
-            TrafficStats.getAndSetThreadStatsTag(TrafficStatsConstants.TAG_SYSTEM_PROBE);
+            TrafficStats.getAndSetThreadStatsTag(NetworkStackConstants.TAG_SYSTEM_PROBE);
 
             try (SSLSocket sslSocket = setupSSLSocket()) {
                 sendDoTProbe(sslSocket);
diff --git a/tests/net/common/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilitiesTest.java b/tests/net/common/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilitiesTest.java
index 1f50e31..e7718b5 100644
--- a/tests/net/common/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilitiesTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/common/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilitiesTest.java
@@ -38,14 +38,12 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.REDACT_FOR_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.REDACT_FOR_LOCAL_MAC_ADDRESS;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.REDACT_FOR_NETWORK_SETTINGS;
-import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.RESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.SIGNAL_STRENGTH_UNSPECIFIED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI_AWARE;
-import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.UNRESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES;
 import static android.os.Process.INVALID_UID;
 
 import static com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel.isAtLeastR;
@@ -103,20 +101,6 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testMaybeMarkCapabilitiesRestricted() {
-        // verify EIMS is restricted
-        assertEquals((1 << NET_CAPABILITY_EIMS) & RESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES,
-                (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_EIMS));
-
-        // verify CBS is also restricted
-        assertEquals((1 << NET_CAPABILITY_CBS) & RESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES,
-                (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_CBS));
-
-        // verify default is not restricted
-        assertEquals((1 << NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET) & RESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES, 0);
-
-        // just to see
-        assertEquals(RESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES & UNRESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES, 0);
-
         // check that internet does not get restricted
         NetworkCapabilities netCap = new NetworkCapabilities();
         netCap.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
@@ -985,26 +969,6 @@
         assertNotEquals(-50, nc.getSignalStrength());
     }
 
-    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
-    public void testDeduceRestrictedCapability() {
-        final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities();
-        // Default capabilities don't have restricted capability.
-        assertFalse(nc.deduceRestrictedCapability());
-        // If there is a force restricted capability, then the network capabilities is restricted.
-        nc.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID);
-        nc.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
-        assertTrue(nc.deduceRestrictedCapability());
-        // Except for the force restricted capability, if there is any unrestricted capability in
-        // capabilities, then the network capabilities is not restricted.
-        nc.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID);
-        nc.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_CBS);
-        assertFalse(nc.deduceRestrictedCapability());
-        // Except for the force restricted capability, the network capabilities will only be treated
-        // as restricted when there is no any unrestricted capability.
-        nc.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
-        assertTrue(nc.deduceRestrictedCapability());
-    }
-
     private void assertNoTransport(NetworkCapabilities nc) {
         for (int i = MIN_TRANSPORT; i <= MAX_TRANSPORT; i++) {
             assertFalse(nc.hasTransport(i));
diff --git a/tests/net/integration/AndroidManifest.xml b/tests/net/integration/AndroidManifest.xml
index f5a4234..db18500 100644
--- a/tests/net/integration/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/tests/net/integration/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PRIVILEGED_PHONE_STATE"/>
     <!-- Reading DeviceConfig flags -->
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_DEVICE_CONFIG"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SCHEDULE_EXACT_ALARM"/>
     <application android:debuggable="true">
         <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner"/>
 
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
index 0bfcf97..270941f 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
@@ -18,7 +18,12 @@
 
 import static android.Manifest.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS;
 import static android.app.PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE;
+import static android.content.Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED;
+import static android.content.Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_REMOVED;
+import static android.content.Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_REPLACED;
 import static android.content.Intent.ACTION_USER_ADDED;
 import static android.content.Intent.ACTION_USER_REMOVED;
 import static android.content.Intent.ACTION_USER_UNLOCKED;
@@ -576,6 +581,7 @@
             final UserManager umMock = createContextAsUser(userHandle, 0 /* flags */)
                     .getSystemService(UserManager.class);
             doReturn(value).when(umMock).isManagedProfile();
+            doReturn(value).when(mUserManager).isManagedProfile(eq(userHandle.getIdentifier()));
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -2485,8 +2491,7 @@
     public void networkCallbacksSanitizationTest_Sanitize() throws Exception {
         mServiceContext.setPermission(NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
                 PERMISSION_DENIED);
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
-                PERMISSION_DENIED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_DENIED);
         doNetworkCallbacksSanitizationTest(true /* sanitized */);
     }
 
@@ -2494,7 +2499,7 @@
     public void networkCallbacksSanitizationTest_NoSanitize_NetworkStack() throws Exception {
         mServiceContext.setPermission(NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
                 PERMISSION_GRANTED);
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_DENIED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_DENIED);
         doNetworkCallbacksSanitizationTest(false /* sanitized */);
     }
 
@@ -2502,7 +2507,7 @@
     public void networkCallbacksSanitizationTest_NoSanitize_Settings() throws Exception {
         mServiceContext.setPermission(NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
                 PERMISSION_DENIED);
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
         doNetworkCallbacksSanitizationTest(false /* sanitized */);
     }
 
@@ -2793,10 +2798,14 @@
     }
 
     private void grantUsingBackgroundNetworksPermissionForUid(final int uid) throws Exception {
-        final String myPackageName = mContext.getPackageName();
-        when(mPackageManager.getPackageInfo(eq(myPackageName), eq(GET_PERMISSIONS)))
+        grantUsingBackgroundNetworksPermissionForUid(uid, mContext.getPackageName());
+    }
+
+    private void grantUsingBackgroundNetworksPermissionForUid(
+            final int uid, final String packageName) throws Exception {
+        when(mPackageManager.getPackageInfo(eq(packageName), eq(GET_PERMISSIONS)))
                 .thenReturn(buildPackageInfo(true, uid));
-        mService.mPermissionMonitor.onPackageAdded(myPackageName, uid);
+        mService.mPermissionMonitor.onPackageAdded(packageName, uid);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -3574,8 +3583,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testCaptivePortalApi() throws Exception {
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(
-                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
 
         final TestNetworkCallback captivePortalCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
         final NetworkRequest captivePortalRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
@@ -3609,8 +3617,7 @@
     private TestNetworkCallback setupNetworkCallbackAndConnectToWifi() throws Exception {
         // Grant NETWORK_SETTINGS permission to be able to receive LinkProperties change callbacks
         // with sensitive (captive portal) data
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(
-                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
 
         final TestNetworkCallback captivePortalCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
         final NetworkRequest captivePortalRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
@@ -4044,8 +4051,7 @@
     @Test
     public void testRegisterDefaultNetworkCallback() throws Exception {
         // NETWORK_SETTINGS is necessary to call registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback.
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
-                PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
 
         final TestNetworkCallback defaultNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
         mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(defaultNetworkCallback);
@@ -4204,8 +4210,7 @@
                 () -> mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallbackAsUid(APP1_UID, callback, handler));
         callback.assertNoCallback();
 
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
-                PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
         mCm.registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(callback, handler);
         callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
         mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
@@ -5526,10 +5531,11 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testNetworkCallbackMaximum() {
+    public void testNetworkCallbackMaximum() throws Exception {
         final int MAX_REQUESTS = 100;
         final int CALLBACKS = 89;
         final int INTENTS = 11;
+        final int SYSTEM_ONLY_MAX_REQUESTS = 250;
         assertEquals(MAX_REQUESTS, CALLBACKS + INTENTS);
 
         NetworkRequest networkRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder().build();
@@ -5578,6 +5584,33 @@
                                 new Intent("d"), FLAG_IMMUTABLE))
         );
 
+        // The system gets another SYSTEM_ONLY_MAX_REQUESTS slots.
+        final Handler handler = new Handler(ConnectivityThread.getInstanceLooper());
+        withPermission(NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, () -> {
+            ArrayList<NetworkCallback> systemRegistered = new ArrayList<>();
+            for (int i = 0; i < SYSTEM_ONLY_MAX_REQUESTS - 1; i++) {
+                NetworkCallback cb = new NetworkCallback();
+                if (i % 2 == 0) {
+                    mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallbackAsUid(1000000 + i, cb, handler);
+                } else {
+                    mCm.registerNetworkCallback(networkRequest, cb);
+                }
+                systemRegistered.add(cb);
+            }
+            waitForIdle();
+
+            assertThrows(TooManyRequestsException.class, () ->
+                    mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallbackAsUid(1001042, new NetworkCallback(),
+                            handler));
+            assertThrows(TooManyRequestsException.class, () ->
+                    mCm.registerNetworkCallback(networkRequest, new NetworkCallback()));
+
+            for (NetworkCallback callback : systemRegistered) {
+                mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
+            }
+            waitForIdle();  // Wait for requests to be unregistered before giving up the permission.
+        });
+
         for (Object o : registered) {
             if (o instanceof NetworkCallback) {
                 mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback((NetworkCallback)o);
@@ -5604,6 +5637,30 @@
         waitForIdle();
 
         for (int i = 0; i < MAX_REQUESTS; i++) {
+            NetworkCallback networkCallback = new NetworkCallback();
+            mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
+            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
+        }
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_REQUESTS; i++) {
+            NetworkCallback networkCallback = new NetworkCallback();
+            mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
+            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
+        }
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        withPermission(NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, () -> {
+            for (int i = 0; i < MAX_REQUESTS; i++) {
+                NetworkCallback networkCallback = new NetworkCallback();
+                mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallbackAsUid(1000000 + i, networkCallback,
+                        new Handler(ConnectivityThread.getInstanceLooper()));
+                mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
+            }
+        });
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_REQUESTS; i++) {
             final PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(
                     mContext, 0 /* requestCode */, new Intent("e" + i), FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
             mCm.requestNetwork(networkRequest, pendingIntent);
@@ -6596,8 +6653,7 @@
     @Test
     public void testVpnNetworkActive() throws Exception {
         // NETWORK_SETTINGS is necessary to call registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback.
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
-                PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
 
         final int uid = Process.myUid();
 
@@ -7089,8 +7145,7 @@
     @Test
     public void testRestrictedProfileAffectsVpnUidRanges() throws Exception {
         // NETWORK_SETTINGS is necessary to see the UID ranges in NetworkCapabilities.
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
-                PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
 
         final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
                 .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
@@ -7176,8 +7231,7 @@
         mServiceContext.setPermission(
                 Manifest.permission.CONTROL_VPN, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
         // Necessary to see the UID ranges in NetworkCapabilities.
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(
-                Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
 
         final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
                 .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
@@ -7665,8 +7719,7 @@
                 Manifest.permission.CONTROL_ALWAYS_ON_VPN, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
         mServiceContext.setPermission(
                 Manifest.permission.CONTROL_VPN, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(
-                Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
 
         final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
         final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
@@ -7902,8 +7955,7 @@
         mServiceContext.setPermission(
                 Manifest.permission.CONTROL_VPN, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
         // For LockdownVpnTracker to call registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback.
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(
-                Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
 
         final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder().clearCapabilities().build();
         final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
@@ -8092,12 +8144,12 @@
         assertExtraInfoFromCmPresent(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
 
         b1 = expectConnectivityAction(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.DISCONNECTED);
+        b2 = expectConnectivityAction(TYPE_VPN, DetailedState.DISCONNECTED);
         mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
         callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
         systemDefaultCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
         b1.expectBroadcast();
         callback.expectCapabilitiesThat(mMockVpn, nc -> !nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
-        b2 = expectConnectivityAction(TYPE_VPN, DetailedState.DISCONNECTED);
         mMockVpn.expectStopVpnRunnerPrivileged();
         callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mMockVpn);
         b2.expectBroadcast();
@@ -9033,8 +9085,7 @@
     private void denyAllLocationPrivilegedPermissions() {
         mServiceContext.setPermission(NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
                 PERMISSION_DENIED);
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
-                PERMISSION_DENIED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_DENIED);
         mServiceContext.setPermission(Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
                 PERMISSION_DENIED);
         mServiceContext.setPermission(Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETUP_WIZARD,
@@ -9290,7 +9341,7 @@
     @Test
     public void testCreateForCallerWithLocalMacAddressSanitizedWithSettingsPermission()
             throws Exception {
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
 
         final TransportInfo transportInfo = mock(TransportInfo.class);
         when(transportInfo.getApplicableRedactions())
@@ -10213,6 +10264,12 @@
                 .thenReturn(applicationInfo);
     }
 
+    private void mockGetApplicationInfoThrowsNameNotFound(@NonNull final String packageName)
+            throws Exception {
+        when(mPackageManager.getApplicationInfo(eq(packageName), anyInt()))
+                .thenThrow(new PackageManager.NameNotFoundException(packageName));
+    }
+
     private void mockHasSystemFeature(@NonNull final String featureName,
             @NonNull final boolean hasFeature) {
         when(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(eq(featureName)))
@@ -10609,8 +10666,7 @@
 
     private void registerDefaultNetworkCallbacks() {
         // Using Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS for registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback()
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(
-                Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
         mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
         mDefaultNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
         mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
@@ -10620,8 +10676,7 @@
         registerDefaultNetworkCallbackAsUid(mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback,
                 TEST_WORK_PROFILE_APP_UID);
         // TODO: test using ConnectivityManager#registerDefaultNetworkCallbackAsUid as well.
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(
-                Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_DENIED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_DENIED);
     }
 
     private void unregisterDefaultNetworkCallbacks() {
@@ -10671,15 +10726,23 @@
             @NonNull final UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges,
             @NonNull final String testPackageName)
             throws Exception {
-        mockHasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_AUTOMOTIVE, true);
-
         // These tests work off a single UID therefore using 'start' is valid.
         mockGetApplicationInfo(testPackageName, uidRanges[0].start);
 
+        setOemNetworkPreference(networkPrefToSetup, testPackageName);
+    }
+
+    private void setOemNetworkPreference(final int networkPrefToSetup,
+            @NonNull final String... testPackageNames)
+            throws Exception {
+        mockHasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_AUTOMOTIVE, true);
+
         // Build OemNetworkPreferences object
-        final OemNetworkPreferences pref = new OemNetworkPreferences.Builder()
-                .addNetworkPreference(testPackageName, networkPrefToSetup)
-                .build();
+        final OemNetworkPreferences.Builder builder = new OemNetworkPreferences.Builder();
+        for (final String packageName : testPackageNames) {
+            builder.addNetworkPreference(packageName, networkPrefToSetup);
+        }
+        final OemNetworkPreferences pref = builder.build();
 
         // Act on ConnectivityService.setOemNetworkPreference()
         final TestOemListenerCallback oemPrefListener = new TestOemListenerCallback();
@@ -10776,7 +10839,7 @@
         defaultNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
 
         final TestNetworkCallback otherUidDefaultCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
-        withPermission(Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, () ->
+        withPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () ->
                 mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallbackAsUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID, otherUidDefaultCallback,
                         new Handler(ConnectivityThread.getInstanceLooper())));
 
@@ -10824,7 +10887,7 @@
         defaultNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
 
         final TestNetworkCallback otherUidDefaultCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
-        withPermission(Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, () ->
+        withPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () ->
                 mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallbackAsUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID, otherUidDefaultCallback,
                         new Handler(ConnectivityThread.getInstanceLooper())));
 
@@ -10866,7 +10929,7 @@
         defaultNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
 
         final TestNetworkCallback otherUidDefaultCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
-        withPermission(Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, () ->
+        withPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () ->
                 mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallbackAsUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID, otherUidDefaultCallback,
                         new Handler(ConnectivityThread.getInstanceLooper())));
 
@@ -11278,8 +11341,7 @@
         // Arrange PackageManager mocks
         final int secondUserTestPackageUid = UserHandle.getUid(secondUser, TEST_PACKAGE_UID);
         final UidRangeParcel[] uidRangesSingleUser =
-                toUidRangeStableParcels(
-                        uidRangesForUids(TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
+                toUidRangeStableParcels(uidRangesForUids(TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
         final UidRangeParcel[] uidRangesBothUsers =
                 toUidRangeStableParcels(
                         uidRangesForUids(TEST_PACKAGE_UID, secondUserTestPackageUid));
@@ -11326,6 +11388,84 @@
                 false /* shouldDestroyNetwork */);
     }
 
+    @Test
+    public void testMultilayerForPackageChangesEvaluatesCorrectly()
+            throws Exception {
+        @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int networkPref =
+                OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID;
+        final String packageScheme = "package:";
+
+        // Arrange PackageManager mocks
+        final String packageToInstall = "package.to.install";
+        final int packageToInstallUid = 81387;
+        final UidRangeParcel[] uidRangesSinglePackage =
+                toUidRangeStableParcels(uidRangesForUids(TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
+        mockGetApplicationInfo(TEST_PACKAGE_NAME, TEST_PACKAGE_UID);
+        mockGetApplicationInfoThrowsNameNotFound(packageToInstall);
+        setOemNetworkPreference(networkPref, TEST_PACKAGE_NAME, packageToInstall);
+        grantUsingBackgroundNetworksPermissionForUid(Binder.getCallingUid(), packageToInstall);
+
+        // Verify the starting state. No networks should be connected.
+        verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(uidRangesSinglePackage,
+                OEM_PREF_ANY_NET_ID, 0 /* times */,
+                OEM_PREF_ANY_NET_ID, 0 /* times */,
+                false /* shouldDestroyNetwork */);
+
+        // Test that we correctly add the expected values for installed packages.
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, true);
+        verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(uidRangesSinglePackage,
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, 1 /* times */,
+                OEM_PREF_ANY_NET_ID, 0 /* times */,
+                false /* shouldDestroyNetwork */);
+
+        // Set the system to recognize the package to be installed
+        mockGetApplicationInfo(packageToInstall, packageToInstallUid);
+        final UidRangeParcel[] uidRangesAllPackages =
+                toUidRangeStableParcels(uidRangesForUids(TEST_PACKAGE_UID, packageToInstallUid));
+
+        // Send a broadcast indicating a package was installed.
+        final Intent addedIntent = new Intent(ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED);
+        addedIntent.setData(Uri.parse(packageScheme + packageToInstall));
+        processBroadcast(addedIntent);
+
+        // Test the single package is removed and the combined packages are added.
+        verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(uidRangesAllPackages, uidRangesSinglePackage,
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, 1 /* times */,
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, 1 /* times */,
+                false /* shouldDestroyNetwork */);
+
+        // Set the system to no longer recognize the package to be installed
+        mockGetApplicationInfoThrowsNameNotFound(packageToInstall);
+
+        // Send a broadcast indicating a package was removed.
+        final Intent removedIntent = new Intent(ACTION_PACKAGE_REMOVED);
+        removedIntent.setData(Uri.parse(packageScheme + packageToInstall));
+        processBroadcast(removedIntent);
+
+        // Test the combined packages are removed and the single package is added.
+        verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(uidRangesSinglePackage, uidRangesAllPackages,
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, 1 /* times */,
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, 1 /* times */,
+                false /* shouldDestroyNetwork */);
+
+        // Set the system to change the installed package's uid
+        final int replacedTestPackageUid = TEST_PACKAGE_UID + 1;
+        mockGetApplicationInfo(TEST_PACKAGE_NAME, replacedTestPackageUid);
+        final UidRangeParcel[] uidRangesReplacedPackage =
+                toUidRangeStableParcels(uidRangesForUids(replacedTestPackageUid));
+
+        // Send a broadcast indicating a package was replaced.
+        final Intent replacedIntent = new Intent(ACTION_PACKAGE_REPLACED);
+        replacedIntent.setData(Uri.parse(packageScheme + TEST_PACKAGE_NAME));
+        processBroadcast(replacedIntent);
+
+        // Test the original uid is removed and is replaced with the new uid.
+        verifySetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreference(uidRangesReplacedPackage, uidRangesSinglePackage,
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, 1 /* times */,
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, 1 /* times */,
+                false /* shouldDestroyNetwork */);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Test network priority for preference OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID in the following order:
      * NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED -> NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID -> fallback
@@ -12148,4 +12288,68 @@
                         mCm.setProfileNetworkPreference(testHandle,
                                 PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE, null, null));
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSubIdsClearedWithoutNetworkFactoryPermission() throws Exception {
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_FACTORY, PERMISSION_DENIED);
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        nc.setSubIds(Collections.singleton(Process.myUid()));
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities result =
+                mService.networkCapabilitiesRestrictedForCallerPermissions(
+                        nc, Process.myPid(), Process.myUid());
+        assertTrue(result.getSubIds().isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSubIdsExistWithNetworkFactoryPermission() throws Exception {
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_FACTORY, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+
+        final Set<Integer> subIds = Collections.singleton(Process.myUid());
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        nc.setSubIds(subIds);
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities result =
+                mService.networkCapabilitiesRestrictedForCallerPermissions(
+                        nc, Process.myPid(), Process.myUid());
+        assertEquals(subIds, result.getSubIds());
+    }
+
+    private NetworkRequest getRequestWithSubIds() {
+        return new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .setSubIds(Collections.singleton(Process.myUid()))
+                .build();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkRequestWithSubIdsWithNetworkFactoryPermission() throws Exception {
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_FACTORY, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        final PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(
+                mContext, 0 /* requestCode */, new Intent("a"), FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
+        final NetworkCallback networkCallback1 = new NetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkCallback networkCallback2 = new NetworkCallback();
+
+        mCm.requestNetwork(getRequestWithSubIds(), networkCallback1);
+        mCm.requestNetwork(getRequestWithSubIds(), pendingIntent);
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(getRequestWithSubIds(), networkCallback2);
+
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback1);
+        mCm.releaseNetworkRequest(pendingIntent);
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkRequestWithSubIdsWithoutNetworkFactoryPermission() throws Exception {
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_FACTORY, PERMISSION_DENIED);
+        final PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(
+                mContext, 0 /* requestCode */, new Intent("a"), FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
+
+        final Class<SecurityException> expected = SecurityException.class;
+        assertThrows(
+                expected, () -> mCm.requestNetwork(getRequestWithSubIds(), new NetworkCallback()));
+        assertThrows(expected, () -> mCm.requestNetwork(getRequestWithSubIds(), pendingIntent));
+        assertThrows(
+                expected,
+                () -> mCm.registerNetworkCallback(getRequestWithSubIds(), new NetworkCallback()));
+    }
 }